U.S. patent application number 10/322033 was filed with the patent office on 2003-12-18 for use of macrolides in pest control.
Invention is credited to Angst, Max, Brandl, Franz, Hall, Roger Graham, Hofer, Dieter, Lee, Bruce, Sutter, Marius.
Application Number | 20030232764 10/322033 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27671320 |
Filed Date | 2003-12-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030232764 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hofer, Dieter ; et
al. |
December 18, 2003 |
Use of macrolides in pest control
Abstract
There is now described a method of controlling pests with
macrolide compounds; more specifically A) a method of controlling
pests in and on transgenic crops of useful plants, such as, for
example, in crops of maize, cereals, soya beans, tomatoes, cotton,
potatoes, rice and mustard, with a macrolide compound,
characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a
macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically useful salt
form and at least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their
environment, in particular to the crop plant itself; B) A method of
protecting plant propagation material and plant organs formed at a
later point in time from attack by pests, characterized in that a
pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one
macrolide compound as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary
in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with, planting
or applying the propagation material is employed to the site of
planting or sowing; C) a method of controlling wood pests and
molluscs with a macrolide compound, wherein a pesticidally active
amount of a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active compound,
at least one macrolide, in free form or agrochemically utilizable
salt form, as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is
applied to the pests or their environment; the corresponding use of
these compounds, corresponding pesticides whose active ingredient
is selected from amongst these compounds, a method for the
preparation and the use of these compositions, and plant
propagation material which is protected in this manner from attack
by pests.
Inventors: |
Hofer, Dieter; (Liestal,
SE) ; Sutter, Marius; (Binningen, CH) ;
Brandl, Franz; (Schopfheim, DE) ; Lee, Bruce;
(Krozingen, DE) ; Hall, Roger Graham; (Pfeffingen,
CH) ; Angst, Max; (Magden, CH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION , INC.
PATENT AND TRADEMARK DEPARTMENT
410 SWING ROAD
GREENSBORO
NC
27409
US
|
Family ID: |
27671320 |
Appl. No.: |
10/322033 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10322033 |
Dec 17, 2002 |
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10256365 |
Sep 27, 2002 |
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10256365 |
Sep 27, 2002 |
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09581980 |
Jun 20, 2000 |
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09581980 |
Jun 20, 2000 |
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PCT/EP98/08384 |
Dec 21, 1998 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/28 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 43/22 20130101;
A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 43/90 20130101;
A01N 43/90 20130101; A01N 43/22 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/28 |
International
Class: |
A01N 043/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 23, 1997 |
CH |
2960/97 |
Dec 23, 1997 |
CH |
2961/97 |
Jan 16, 1998 |
CH |
79/98 |
Jan 16, 1998 |
CH |
84/98 |
Jan 16, 1998 |
CH |
86/98 |
Feb 22, 1998 |
CH |
418/98 |
Claims
1. Method of controlling pests in crops of transgenic useful
plants, characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a
macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically useful salt
form as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to
the pests or their environment.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that abamectin is
employed.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that emamectin is
employed.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the
transgenic plant is treated.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in
that the transgenic crop of useful plants is maize.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in
that the transgenic crop of useful plants is soya beans.
7. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the
propagation material of the transgenic useful plant is treated.
8. A method of protecting, against attack by pests, plant
propagation material and plant organs which grow at a later point
in time, characterized in that a pesticide comprising at least one
macrolide compound in free form or in agrochemically utilizable
salt form as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is
employed in close spatial proximity to, or spatially together with,
planting or applying the propagation material to the site of
planting or sowing.
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the active
ingredient is abamectin in free form.
10. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the active
ingredient employed is emamectin in free form or in salt form.
11. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in
that the propagation material is seedlings, rhizomes, nursery
plants, cuttings or seed.
12. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the plant
propagation material is seed.
13. Method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized
in that the pests are representatives of the order Lepidoptera.
14. Method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized
in that the composition is employed in such a way that propagation
material which has been pretreated with the composition is planted
or sown at the site of planting or sowing.
15. Method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in
that the pretreatment of the propagation material is seed
dressing.
16. Method of controlling wood pests and molluscs, characterized in
that a pesticidally active amount of a pesticide comprising, as
pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide, in free form
or agrochemically utilizable salt form, as active ingredient and at
least one auxiliary is applied to the pests or their
environment.
17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that the active
ingredient employed is abamectin, emamectin or spinosad, in free
form or in agrochemically utilizable salt form.
18. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the active
ingredient employed is emamectin as the benzoate salt.
19. Method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized
in that gastropods are controlled.
20. Method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized
in that termites are controlled.
21. Composition for controlling molluscs and wood pests,
characterized in that it comprises, as pesticidally active
compound, at least one macrolide and at least one auxiliary.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a method of controlling
pests with macrolide compounds; more specifically to
[0002] (A) a novel method of controlling pests in and on transgenic
crops of useful plants with a macrolide compound;
[0003] (B) method of protecting plant propagation material and
plant organs formed at a later point in time from attack by pests
with such a macrolide compound; and
[0004] (C) a method of controlling wood pests and molluscs with a
macrolide compound.
[0005] Certain pest control methods are proposed in the literature.
However, these methods are not fully satisfactory in the field of
pest control, which is why there is a demand for providing further
methods for controlling and combating pests, in particular insects
and representatives of the order Acarina, or for protecting plants,
especially crop plants. This object is achieved according to the
invention by providing the present method.
[0006] (A) A first aspect of the present invention therefore
relates to a method of controlling pests in crops of transgenic
useful plants, such as, for example, in crops of maize, cereals,
soya beans, tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, rice and mustard,
characterized in that a pesticidal composition comprising a
macrolide compound, in particular abamectin, in free form or in
agrochemically useful salt form and at least one auxiliary is
applied to the pests or their environment, in particular to the
crop plant itself; to the use of the composition in question and to
propagation material of transgenic plants which has been treated
with it.
[0007] Surprisingly, it has now emerged that the use of a macrolide
compound for controlling pests on transgenic useful plants which
contain--for instance--one or more genes expressing a pesticidally,
particularly insecticidally, acaricidally, nematocidally or
fugicidally active ingredient, or which are tolerant against
herbicides, has a synergistic effect. It is highly surprising that
the use of a macrolide compound in combination with a transgenic
plant exceeds the additive effect, to be expected in principle, on
the pests to be controlled and thus extends the range of action of
the macrolide compound and of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant in particular in two respects:
[0008] In particular, it has been found, surprisingly, that within
the scope of invention (A) the pesticidal activity of a macrolide
compound in combination with the effect expressed by the transgenic
useful plant, is not only additive in comparison with the
pesticidal activities of the macrolide compound alone and of the
transgenic crop plant alone, as can generally be expected, but that
a synergistic effect is present. The term "synergistic", however,
is in no way to be understood in this connection as being
restricted to the pesticidal activity, but the term also refers to
other advantageous properties of the method according to the
invention compared with the macrolide compound alone and the
transgenic useful plant alone.
[0009] Examples of such advantageous properties which may be
mentioned are: extension of the pesticidal spectrum of action to
other pests, for example to resistant strains; reduction in the
application rate of the macrolide compound, or sufficient control
of the pests with the aid of the compositions according to the
invention even at an application rate of the macrolide compound
alone and the transgenic useful plant alone are entirely
ineffective; enhanced crop safety; improved quality of produce such
as higher content of nutrient or oil, better fiber quality,
enhanced shelf life, reduced content of toxic products such as
mycotoxins, reduced content of residues or unfavorable constituents
of any kind or better digestability; improved tolerance to
unfavorable temperatures, draughts or salt content of water;
enhanced assimilation rates such as nutrient uptake, water uptake
and photosynthesis; favorable crop properties such as altered leaf
aerea, reduced vegetative growth, increased yields, favorable seed
shape/seed thickness or germination properties, altered
colonialisation by saprophytes or epiphytes, reduction of
senescense, improved phytoalexin production, improved of
accelerated ripening, flower set increase, reduced boll fall and
shattering, better attraction to beneficials and predators,
increased pollination, reduced attraction to birds; or other
advantages known to those skilled in the art.
[0010] The macrolide compounds used according to the inventions
part (A), (B) and (C) are known to those skilled in the art. They
are the classes of substances which are disclosed as milbemycins
and avermectins, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,519, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,077,298, German Offenlegungsschrift 2 717 040 or U.S. Pat.
No. 4,427,663. These macrolides are also to be understood as
meaning, in accordance with the invention, the derivatives of these
substances, that is, for example, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin,
ivermectin, abamectin, emamectin and doramectin, and also spinosyns
of the formula 1
[0011] in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and
R.sub.6 independently of one another are hydrogen or a substituted
or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or
heterocyclyl group and the substructures A and B independently of
one another denote that the two carbon atoms, to which each of
these substructures is bonded, are linked by a single bond, by a
double bond or by a single bond and an epoxy bridge, in free form
or, if appropriate, in agrochemically utilizable salt form.
[0012] Within the scope of invention (A) abamectin is preferred.
Abamectin is a mixture of avermectin B.sub.1a and avermectin
B.sub.1b and is described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual,
10.sup.thEd. (1994), The British Crop Protection Council, London,
page 3.
[0013] Also preferred within the scope of invention (A) is
emamectin, which is 4"-Deoxy-4"epi-N-methylamino avermectin
B.sub.1b/B.sub.1a, known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,749 and as MK-244
described in Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 59 (1994), pages
7704-7708. Agrochemically especially useful salts of emamectin are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,710.
[0014] Also preferred within the scope of invention (A) is the
group of compounds consisting of the spinosyns and their
derivatives; the group of compounds consisting of the naturally
occurring spinosyns; or the group of compounds consisting of the
derivatives of the naturally occurring spinosyns. Preferably, the
active ingredient may comprise, within the scope of the
subject-matter of the invention (A), spinosyn A; spinosyn D; or a
mixture composed of spinosyn A and spinosyn D; especially preferred
is spinosad. Spinosad is known from the "The Pesticide Manual",
11.sup.th th Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection Council,
London, United Kingdom, pages 1272-1273.
[0015] The agrochemically compatible salts of the macrolide
compounds are, for example, acid addition salts of inorganic and
organic acids, in particular of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic
acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid,
formic acid, acetic acid, tri-fluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid,
malonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid. Preferred
within the scope of the present invention is a composition known
per se which comprises, as active ingredient, abamectin or spinosad
in the free form, and emamectin as the benzoate salt.
[0016] The transgenic plants used according to the invention (A)
are plants, or propagation material thereof, which are transformed
by means of recombinant DNA technology in such a way that they
are--for instance--capable of synthesizing selectively acting
toxins as are known, for example, from
toxin-producinginvertebrates, especially of the phylum Arthropoda,
as can be obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis strains; or as are
known from plants, such as lectins; or in the alternative capable
of expressing a herbicidal or fungicidal resistance. Examples of
such toxins, or transgenic plants which are capable of synthesizing
such toxins, have been disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753,
WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529 and EP-A-451 878 and are
incorporated by reference in the present application.
[0017] The methods for generating such transgenic plants are widely
known to those skilled in the art and described, for example, in
the publications mentioned above.
[0018] The toxins which can be expressed by such transgenic plants
include, for example, toxins, such as proteins which have
insecticidal properties and which are expressed by transgenic
plants, for example Bacillus cereus proteins or Bacillus popliae
proteins; or Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins (B.t.), such as
CryIA(a), CryIA(b), CryIA(c), CryIIA, CryIIIA, CryIIIB2 orCytA;
VIP1; VIP2; VIP3; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising
nematodes like Photorhabdus spp or Xenorhabdus spp such as
Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus etc.; proteinase
inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors,
patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating
proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or
bryodin; plant lectins such as pea lectins, barley lectins or
snowdrop lectins; or agglutinins; toxins produced by animals, such
as scorpion toxins, spider venoms, wasp venoms and other
insect-specific neurotoxins; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as
3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid UDP-glycosyl transferase,
cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COAreductase, ion
channel blockers such as sodium and calcium, juvenile hormone
esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl
synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
[0019] Examples of known transgenic plants which comprise one or
more genes which encode insecticidal resistance and express one or
more toxins are the following: KnockOut.RTM. (maize),
YieldGard.RTM. (maize); NuCOTN 33B.RTM. (cotton), Boligard.RTM.
(cotton), NewLeaf.RTM. (potatoes), NatureGard.RTM. and
Protecta.RTM..
[0020] The following table comprises further examples of targets
and principles and crop phenotypes of transgenic crops which show
tolerance against pests mainly insects, mites, nematodes, virus,
bacteria and diseases or are tolerant to specific herbicides or
classes of herbicides.
1TABLE A1 Crop: Maize Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as Sulfonylureas Dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1 gene)
Helminthosporium turcicum, Rhopalosiphum maydis, Diplodia maydis,
Ostrinia nubilalis, lepidoptera sp. CMIII (small basic maize seed
peptide plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria, sclerotina Corn-
SAFP (zeamatin) plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, alternaria,
sclerotina, rhizoctonia, chaetomium, phycomyces Hm1 gene
Cochliobulus Chitinases plant pathogenes Glucanases plant
pathogenes Coat proteins viruses such as maize dwarf mosaic virus,
maize chlorotic dwarf virus Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3,
lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Bacillus cereus toxins,
Photorabdus and nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, Xenorhabdus
toxins heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn
rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer,weevils
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg.
spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm,
asian corn borer, weevils Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera,
diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea,
armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp.,
black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils Aminopeptidase inhibitors
eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, aminopeptidase
inhibitor (LAPI) nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea,
armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp.,
black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils Limonene synthase corn
rootworms Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg.
ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera
frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn
borer, weevils Protease Inhibitors eg. cystatin, patatin, weevils,
corn rootworm virgiferin, CPTI ribosome inactivating protein
lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia
nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn
rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer, weevils
maize 5C9 polypeptide lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera
frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn
borer, weevils HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
nematodes, eg. ostrinia nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg.
spodoptera frugiperda, corn rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm,
asian corn borer, weevils
[0021]
2TABLE A2 Crop Wheat Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop
phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas,
Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines, Pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as Sulfonylureas Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogenes eg septoria and fusarioum glucose oxidase plant
pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria serine/threonine kinases
plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria and other diseases
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium,
septoria polypeptide and other diseases Systemic acquires
resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases plant pathogenes Glucanases plant pathogenes
double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Coat
proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Bacillus cereus
toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes, Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
nematodes, Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera,
diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes, Lectines lepidoptera,
coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg.
cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin,
CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera,
coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, eg. ostrinia
nubilalis, heliothis zea, armyworms eg. spodoptera frugiperda, corn
rootworms, sesamia sp., black cutworm, asian corn borer,
weevils
[0022]
3TABLE A3 Crop Barley Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as Sulfonylureas Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogenes eg septoria and fusarioum glucose oxidase plant
pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria serine/threonine kinases
plant pathogenes eg. fusarium, septoria and other diseases
Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes eg. fusarium,
septoria polypeptide and other diseases Systemic acquires
resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases plant pathogenes Glucanases plant pathogenes
double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Coat
proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, Bacillus cereus
toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes, Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera,
nematodes, Peroxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes,
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera,
diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes, Lectines lepidoptera,
coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg.
cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, virgiferin,
CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera,
coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, coleoptera, diptera, nematodes, aphids
[0023]
4TABLE A4 Crop Rice Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop
phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas,
Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines, Pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as Sulfonylureas Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
plant pathogenes glucose oxidase plant pathogenes pyrrolnitrin
synthesis genes plant pathogenes serine/threonine kinases plant
pathogenes Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plant pathogenes eg
bacterial leaf blight and rice blast, inducible phytoalexins plant
pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast B-1,3-glucanase
antisense plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
receptor kinase plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice
blast Hypersensitive response eliciting plant pathogenes
polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial,
fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Chitinases plant pathogenes eg
bacterial leaf blight and rice blast Glucanases plant pathogenes
double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Coat
proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg Bacillus
cereus toxins, Photorabdus and rice water weevil, diptera, rice
hoppers Xenorhabdus toxins eg brown rice hopper 3-Hydroxysteroid
oxidase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil,
diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper Peroxidase lepidoptera
eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water weevil, diptera, rice
hoppers eg brown rice hopper Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine
lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg aminopeptidase inhibitor
rice water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
Lectines lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water
weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper Protease
Inhibitors, lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water
weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice
water weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper HMG-CoA
reductase lepidoptera eg. stemborer, coleoptera eg rice water
weevil, diptera, rice hoppers eg brown rice hopper
[0024]
5TABLE A5 Crop Soya Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop
phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas,
Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines, Pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Antifungal polypeptide
AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium,
sclerotinia, stemrot oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
such as fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot glucose oxidase bacterial
and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot serine/threonine kinases bacterial
and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
such as fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot phytoalexins plant
pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast B-1,3-glucanase
antisense plant pathogenes eg bacterial leaf blight and rice blast
receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium,
sclerotinia, stemrot Hypersensitive response eliciting plant
pathogenes polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral,
bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Chitinases bacterial
and fungal pathogens such as fusarium, sclerotinia, stemrot
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as fusarium,
sclerotinia, stemrot double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as
BPMV and SbMV Coat proteins viruses such as BYDV and MSMV Bacillus
thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids Peroxidase
lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg.
Leucine lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg
virgiferin lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids ribosome inactivating
protein lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, coleoptera, aphids Barnase nematodes eg root knot
nematodes and cyst nematodes Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst
nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes
[0025]
6TABLE A6 Crop Potatoes Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol blackspot bruise oxidase antisense Metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora Ribonuclease
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Antifungal polypeptide
AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora oxalate
oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora,
Verticillium, Rhizoctonia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal
pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium,
Rhizoctonia Cecropin B bacteria such as corynebacterium
sepedonicum, Erwinia carotovora Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium,
Rhizoctonia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia B-1,3-glucanase antisense
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora, Verticillium,
Rhizoctonia receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Hypersensitive response
eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens such as polypeptide
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Systemic acquires resistance
(SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens
Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora,
Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens
such as Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Disease resistance
response gene 49 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia trans aldolase antisense
blackspots Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia double stranded ribonuclease
viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV Coat proteins viruses such as
PLRV, PVY and TRV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as PLRV,
PVY and TRV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b viruses such as
PLRV, PVY and TRV Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV
Replicase viruses such as PLRV, PVY and TRV Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, Bacillus
cereus toxins, Photorabdus and aphids Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle,
aphids Peroxidase coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine coleoptera eg colorado potato
beetle, aminopeptidase inhibitor aphids stilbene synthase
coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, aphids Lectines coleoptera eg
colorado potato beetle, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin,
patatin coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, aphids ribosome
inactivating protein coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, aphids
HMG-CoA reductase coleoptera eg colorado potato beetle, aphids Cyst
nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root
knot nematodes and cyst nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes
eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
[0026]
7TABLE A7 Crop Tomatoes Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol blackspot bruise oxidase antisense Metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as phytophtora Ribonuclease
Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia Antifungal polypeptide
AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck,
fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial
speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould
etc. glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot,
leaf mould etc. pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal
pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery
mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. serine/threonine kinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium,
soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. Cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium,
soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. Phenylalanine
ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot,
leaf mould etc. Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 leaf mould Osmotin
alternaria solani Alpha Hordothionin bacteria Systemin bacterial
and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot,
powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. Polygalacturonase
inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck,
fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. Prf
regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial
speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould
etc. 12 Fusarium resistance locus fusarium phytoalexins bacterial
and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot,
powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. B-1,3-glucanase
antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial speck,
fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc.
receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as bacterial
speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould
etc. Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal
pathogens such as polypeptide bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot,
powdery mildew, crown rot, leaf mould etc. Systemic acquires
resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot,
leaf mould etc. Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot,
leaf mould etc. Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
bacterial speck, fusarium, soft rot, powdery mildew, crown rot,
leaf mould etc. double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as PLRV,
PVY and ToMoV Coat proteins viruses such as PLRV, PVY and ToMoV 17
kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as PLRV, PVY and ToMoV Nuclear
inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses such as PLRV, PVY and
ToMoV Nucleoprotein TRV Pseudoubiquitin viruses such as PLRV, PVY
and ToMoV Replicase viruses such as PLRV, PVY and ToMoV Bacillus
thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies
aphids Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies
aphids Peroxidase lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera eg heliothis,
whiteflies aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor Lectines lepidoptera eg
heliothis, whiteflies aphids Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin,
patatin lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids
stilbene synthase lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera eg heliothis, whiteflies aphids Cyst
nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root
knot nematodes and cyst nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes
eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes
[0027]
8TABLE A8 Crop Peppers Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase lsoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial and fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal
pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens
serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens Cecropin B
bacterial and fungal pathogens rot, leaf mould etc. Phenylalanine
ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf
9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial and
fungal pathogens Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase
inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens Prt regulatory gene
bacterial and fungal pathogens l2 Fusarium resistance locus
fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens
B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens receptor
kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens Hypersensitive response
eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens polypeptide Systemic
acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens Barnase
bacterial and fungal pathogens Glucanases bacterial and fungal
pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses such as CMV, TEV
Coat proteins viruses such as CMV, TEV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses such as CMV, TEV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or
viruses such as CMV, TEV Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses such
as CMV, TEV Replicase viruses such as CMV, TEV Bacillus
thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids
Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids Peroxidase
lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg.
Leucine lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids Protease Inhibitors eg
cystatin, patatin lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids stilbene
synthase lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, whiteflies aphids Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst
nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst
nematodes Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes
[0028]
9TABLE A9 Crop Grapes Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense
Botrytis and powdery mildew Metallothionein bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Ribonuclease bacterial
and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Antifungal
polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and
powdery mildew oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Botrytis and powdery mildew glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew pyrrolnitrin synthesis
genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery
mildew serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Botrytis and powdery mildew Cecropin B bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Phenylalanine ammonia
lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and
powdery mildew Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Osmotin bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Alpha
Hordothionin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and
powdery mildew Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Botrytis and powdery mildew Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial
and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew Prf
regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and
powdery mildew phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Botrytis and powdery mildew B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew receptor kinase
bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens
like polypeptide Botrytis and powdery mildew Systemic acquires
resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Botrytis
and powdery mildew Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Botrytis and powdery mildew Glucanases bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Botrytis and powdery mildew double stranded
ribonuclease viruses Coat proteins viruses 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein
viruses Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses
Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses Replicase viruses Bacillus
thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids Bacillus cereus
toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase
lepidoptera, aphids Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids Aminopeptidase
inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin,
patatin lepidoptera, aphids ribosome inactivating protein
lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids Cyst nematode hatching
stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes or general diseases CBI root knot nematodes
Antifeeding principles nematodes eg root knot nematodes or root
cyst nematodes
[0029]
10TABLE A10 crop Oil Seed rape Effected target or expressed
principle(s) Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase
(ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Metallothionein bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium,
Phoma, Sclerotinia Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia oxalate
oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma,
Sclerotinia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma,
Sclerotinia serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Cecropin B bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4
Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma,
Sclerotinia Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Alpha Hordothionin bacterial
and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium,
Phoma, Sclerotinia Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Prf
regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia phytoalexins bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia receptor kinase bacterial and
fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens
like polypeptide Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Systemic
acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like
Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia Barnase bacterial and fungal
pathogens like Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia, nematodes
Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like Cylindrosporium,
Phoma, Sclerotinia double stranded ribonuclease viruses Coat
proteins viruses 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses Nuclear inclusion
proteins eg. a or b or viruses Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin
viruses Replicase viruses Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3,
lepidoptera, aphids Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids
Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg.
Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor Lectines
lepidoptera, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin,
lepidoptera, aphids CPTI ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera,
aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases HMG-CoA
reductase lepidoptera, aphids Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst
nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst
nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles induced at
a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst
nematodes
[0030]
11TABLE A11 Crop Brassica vegetable (cabbage, brussel sprouts,
broccoli etc.) Effected target or expressed principle(s) Crop
phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas,
Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines, Pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Aryloxyphenoxyal-
kanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones Hydroxyphenylpyruvate
dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as (HPPD) Isoxaflutol or Isoxachlortol,
Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione Phosphinothricin acetyl
transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl transferase altered lignin
levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate, Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate
Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis Adenylosuccinate
Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis Anthranilate
Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and catabolism
Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy- benzonitriles such as Bromoxynil
and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate or sulfosate
Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate or sulfosate
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers, cyclic imides,
phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and herbicides
selection such as Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or Polyphenol
bacterial and fungal pathogens oxidase antisense Metallothionein
bacterial and fungal pathogens Ribonuclease bacterial and fungal
pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal
pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose
oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes
bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial
and fungal pathogens Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens Cf
genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens Osmotin
bacterial and fungal pathogens Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and
fungal pathogens Systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens Prf
regulatory gene bacterial and fungal pathogens phytoalexins
bacterial and fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial
and fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens
Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial and fungal pathogens
polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial,
fungal, genes nematodal pathogens Chitinases bacterial and fungal
pathogens Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens Glucanases
bacterial and fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses
Coat proteins viruses 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses Nuclear
inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses Nucleoprotein
Pseudoubiquitin viruses Replicase viruses Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids Bacillus cereus toxins,
Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase
lepidoptera, aphids Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids Aminopeptidase
inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor
Lectines lepidoptera, aphids Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin,
patatin, lepidoptera, aphids CPTI ribosome inactivating protein
lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids Cyst nematode hatching
stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles
induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematode feeding site
nematodes, root cyst nematodes
[0031]
12TABLE A12 Crop Pome fruits eg apples, pears Effected target or
expressed principle(s) Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate
synthase (ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple oxidase
antisense scab or fireblight Metallothionein bacterial and fungal
pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Ribonuclease bacterial and
fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Antifungal
polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab
or fireblight oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens like
apple scab or fireblight glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal
pathogens like apple scab or fireblight pyrrolnitrin synthesis
genes bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple
scab or fireblight Cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens like
apple scab or fireblight Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Cf
genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens like
apple scab or fireblight Osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens
like apple scab or fireblight Alpha Hordothionin bacterial and
fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Systemin bacterial
and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens like
apple scab or fireblight Prf regulatory gene bacterial and fungal
pathogens like apple scab or fireblight phytoalexins bacterial and
fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight B-1,3-glucanase
antisense bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or
fireblight receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens like
apple scab or fireblight Hypersensitive response eliciting
bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple polypeptide scab or
fireblight Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial,
fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Lytic protein bacterial and
fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Lysozym bacterial
and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight Chitinases
bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or fireblight
Barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple scab or
fireblight Glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens like apple
scab or fireblight double stranded ribonuclease viruses Coat
proteins viruses 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses Nuclear inclusion
proteins eg. a or b or viruses Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin
viruses Replicase viruses Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3,
lepidoptera, aphids, mites Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
Xenorhabdus toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids,
mites Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites Aminopeptidase
inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites aminopeptidase
inhibitor Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites Protease Inhibitors
eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites CPTI ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites stilbene synthase
lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera,
aphids, mites Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI
root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes
eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst
nematodes
[0032]
13TABLE A13 Crop Melons Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens like oxidase antisense
phytophtora Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora Ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial or fungal
pathogens like phytophtora oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens like phytophtora glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens like phytophtora pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial
or fungal pathogens like phytophtora serine/threonine kinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Cecropin B bacterial
or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
(PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Cf genes eg.
Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Alpha
Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora
Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens
like phytophtora receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens like
phytophtora Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or fungal
pathogens like polypeptide phytophtora Systemic acquires resistance
(SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Lytic
protein bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Lysozym
bacterial or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Chitinases bacterial
or fungal pathogens like phytophtora Barnase bacterial or fungal
pathogens like phytophtora Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
like phytophtora double stranded ribonuclease viruses as CMV,,
PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV Coat proteins viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2,
SMV, ZYMV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2,
SMV, ZYMV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as CMV,,
PRSV, WMV2, SMV, Nucleoprotein ZYMV Pseudoubiquitin viruses as
CMV,, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV Replicase viruses as CMV,, PRSV, WMV2,
SMV, ZYMV Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera,
aphids, mites Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus
toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
whitefly Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitor Lectines lepidoptera, aphids,
mites, whitefly Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin,
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly CPTI, virgiferin ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly stilbene
synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly Cyst nematode hatching
stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles
induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode
feeding site cyst nematodes
[0033]
14TABLE A14 Crop Banana Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
bacterial or fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Systemin bacterial
or fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or
fungal pathogens Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase
antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial
or fungal pathogens Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or
fungal pathogens polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR)
viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Barnase bacterial or
fungal pathogens Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double
stranded ribonuclease viruses as Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)
Coat proteins viruses as Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) 17 kDa or
60 kDa protein viruses as Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) Nuclear
inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as Banana bunchy top virus
Nucleoprotein (BBTV) Pseudoubiquitin viruses as Banana bunchy top
virus (BBTV) Replicase viruses as Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV)
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus
toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes aminopeptidase inhibitor Lectines lepidoptera, aphids,
mites, nematodes Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin,
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes CPTI, virgiferin ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes stilbene
synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes Cyst nematode hatching
stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles
induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode
feeding site cyst nematodes
[0034]
15TABLE A15 Crop Cotton Effected target or expressed principle(s)
Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase (ALS)
Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
bacterial or fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Systemin bacterial
or fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or
fungal pathogens Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase
antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial
or fungal pathogens Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or
fungal pathogens polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR)
viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Barnase bacterial or
fungal pathogens Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double
stranded ribonuclease viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV) Coat
proteins viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV) 17 kDa or 60 kDa
protein viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV) Nuclear inclusion
proteins eg. a or b or viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV)
Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV)
Replicase viruses as wound tumor virus (WTV) Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus
cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly
Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly Lectines lepidoptera,
aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin,
patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin
whitefly ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes
Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI
root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles induced at a nematodes
eg root knot nematodes, root nematode feeding site cyst
nematodes
[0035]
16TABLE A16 Crop Sugarcane Effected target or expressed
principle(s) Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase
(ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Cecropin B
bacterial or fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)
bacterial or fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2
bacterial or fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Systemin bacterial
or fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or
fungal pathogens Prf regulatory gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase
antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial
or fungal pathogens Hypersensitive response eliciting bacterial or
fungal pathogens polypeptide Systemic acquires resistance (SAR)
viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes pathogens Lytic protein
bacterial or fungal pathogens Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens
eg clavibacter Chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens Barnase
bacterial or fungal pathogens Glucanases bacterial or fungal
pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses as SCMV, SrMV Coat
proteins viruses as SCMV, SrMV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses as
SCMV, SrMV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b or viruses as
SCMV, SrMV Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses as SCMV, SrMV
Replicase viruses as SCMV, SrMV Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP
3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins,
Photorabdus whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer and Xenorhabdus
toxins 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer Peroxidase
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican
rice borer Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine lepidoptera,
aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly,
beetles eg mexican rice borer Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer Protease
Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer
ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer stilbene
synthase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles
eg mexican rice borer HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles eg mexican rice borer Cyst nematode
hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot
nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding
principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root
nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
[0036]
17TABLE A17 Crop Sunflower Effected target or expressed
principle(s) Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase
(ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and Ioxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens eg sclerotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal
pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia
lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4
Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial or fungal
pathogens Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf regulatory gene bacterial or
fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor
kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens Hypersensitive response
eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide Systemic
acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal, nematodal genes
pathogens Lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens Lysozym
bacterial or fungal pathogens Chitinases bacterial or fungal
pathogens Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens Glucanases
bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded ribonuclease viruses
as CMV, TMV Coat proteins viruses as CMV, TMV 17 kDa or 60 kDa
protein viruses as CMV, TMV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a or b
or viruses as CMV, TMV Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses as
CMV, TMV Replicase viruses as CMV, TMV Bacillus thuringiensis
toxins, VIP 3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus
cereus toxins, Photorabdus whitefly, beetles and Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly, beetles Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly, beetles Aminopeptidase inhibitors eg. Leucine
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor
whitefly, beetles Lectines lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly, beetles Protease Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin,
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly,
beetles ribosome inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids,
mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles HMG-CoA reductase lepidoptera,
aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles Cyst nematode hatching
stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg root knot nematodes
and cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding principles
induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root nematode
feeding site cyst nematodes
[0037]
18TABLE A18 Crop Sugarbeet, Beet root Effected target or expressed
principle(s) Crop phenotype/Tolerance to Acetolactate synthase
(ALS) Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones, Triazolopyrimidines,
Pyrimidyloxybenzoates, Phtalides AcetylCoA Carboxylase (ACCase)
Aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones
Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase Isoxazoles such as Isoxaflutol or
(HPPD) Isoxachlortol, Triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
Phosphinothricin acetyl transferase Phosphinothricin O-Methyl
transferase altered lignin levels Glutamine synthetase Glufosinate,
Bialaphos Adenylosuccinate Lyase (ADSL) Inhibitors of IMP and AMP
synthesis Adenylosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors of adenylosuccinate
synthesis Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis
and catabolism Nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxy-benzonitriles such as
Bromoxynil and loxinyl 5-Enolpyruvyl-3phosphoshikimate Glyphosate
or sulfosate Synthase (EPSPS) Glyphosate oxidoreductase Glyphosate
or sulfosate Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) Diphenylethers,
cyclic imides, phenylpyrazoles, pyridin derivatives, phenopylate,
oxadiazoles etc. Cytochrome P450 eg. P450 SU1 or Xenobiotics and
herbicides such as selection Sulfonylureas Polyphenol oxidase or
Polyphenol bacterial or fungal pathogens oxidase antisense
Metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens Ribonuclease
bacterial or fungal pathogens Antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP
bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens eg sclerotinia glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal
pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal
pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
Cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens Phenylalanine ammonia
lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens Cf genes eg. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4
Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens Osmotin bacterial or fungal
pathogens Alpha Hordothionin bacterial or fungal pathogens Systemin
bacterial or fungal pathogens Polygalacturonase inhibitors
bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf regulatory gene bacterial or
fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
B-1,3-glucanase antisense bacterial or fungal pathogens AX + WIN
proteins bacterial or fungal pathogens like Cercospora beticola
receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens Hypersensitive
response eliciting bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide
Systemic acquires resistance (SAR) viral, bacterial, fungal,
nematodal genes pathogens Lytic protein bacterial or fungal
pathogens Lysozym bacterial or fungal pathogens Chitinases
bacterial or fungal pathogens Barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
Glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double stranded
ribonuclease viruses as BNYVV Coat proteins viruses as BNYVV 17 kDa
or 60 kDa protein viruses as BNYVV Nuclear inclusion proteins eg. a
or b or viruses as BNYVV Nucleoprotein Pseudoubiquitin viruses as
BNYVV Replicase viruses as BNYVV Bacillus thuringiensis toxins, VIP
3, lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins,
Photorabdus whitefly, beetles, rootflies and Xenorhabdus toxins
3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly, beetles, rootflies Peroxidase lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies Aminopeptidase inhibitors
eg. Leucine lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase
inhibitor whitefly, beetles, rootflies Lectines lepidoptera,
aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies Protease
Inhibitors eg cystatin, patatin, lepidoptera, aphids, mites,
nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles, rootflies ribosome
inactivating protein lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
whitefly, beetles, rootflies stilbene synthase lepidoptera, aphids,
mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies HMG-CoA reductase
lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, rootflies
Cyst nematode hatching stimulus cyst nematodes Barnase nematodes eg
root knot nematodes and cyst nematodes Beet cyst nematode
resistance locus cyst nematodes CBI root knot nematodes Antifeeding
principles induced at a nematodes eg root knot nematodes, root
nematode feeding site cyst nematodes
[0038] The abovementioned animal pests which can be controlled by
the method according to the invention (A) include, for example,
insects, representatives of the order acarina and representatives
of the class nematoda; especially from the order Lepidoptera
Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., especially Adoxophyes reticulana;
Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp., especially Agrotis spinifera; Alabama
argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips spp.,
Argyrotaenia spp., Autographa spp., Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella,
Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Clysia
ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp., Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp.,
Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta,
Cydia spp., especially Cydia pomonella; Diatraea spp., Diparopsis
castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., especially E. Khuniella;
Eucosma spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp.,
Grapholita spp., Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., especially H.
virescens and H. zea; Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia
lycopersicella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocollethis spp.,
Lobesiaspp., Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp.,
Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Operophtera spp., Ostrinia
nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea,
Pectinophora spp., Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris
spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia
spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodopteralittoralis, Synanthedon spp.,
Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta
spp.; from the order Coleoptera, for example Agriotes spp.,
Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis,
Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp.,
Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata,
Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Oryzaephilus spp.,
Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp.,
Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp.,
Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; from the order
Orthoptera, for example Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa
spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and
Schistocerca spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example
Reticulitermes spp.; from the order Psocoptera, for example
Liposcelis spp.; from the order Anoplura, for example Haematopinus
spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and
Phylloxera spp.; from the order Mallophaga, for example Damalinea
spp. and Trichodectes spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for
example Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp.,
Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; from the
order Heteroptera, for example Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma,
Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp. Eurygaster spp. Leptocorisa spp.,
Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis,
Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; from the order Homoptera, for
example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella
aurantii, Aphididae, Aphiscraccivora, A. fabae, A. gosypii;
Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus
aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca
spp., Eriosoma lanigerum, Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp.,
Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni, Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus
spp., Myzus spp., especially M.persicae; Nephotettix spp.,
especially N. cincticeps; Nilaparvata spp., especially N. lugens;
Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudaulacaspis
spp., Pseudococcus spp., especially P. Fragilis, P. citriculus and
P. comstocki; Psylla spp., especially P. pyri; Pulvinaria
aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia
spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp.,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; from
the order Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus
spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa
spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp.,
Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; from the order Diptera, for example
Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora
erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp.,
Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp.,
Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp.,
Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp.,
Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami,
Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp.,
Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; from the order
Siphonaptera, for example Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla
cheopis; from the order Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina
and from the order Acarina, for example Acarus siro, Aceria
sheldoni; Aculus spp., especially A. schlechtendali; Amblyomma
spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., especially B.
californicus and B. phoenicis; Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus
spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp.,
especially E.carpini and E. orientalis; Eriophyes spp., especially
E. vitis; Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus pratensis,
Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., especially P. ulmi and P.
citri; Phyllocoptruta spp., especially P. oleivora;
Polyphagotarsonemus spp., especially P. latus; Psoroptes spp.,
Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus
spp. and Tetranychus spp., in particular T. urticae, T.
cinnabarinus and T. Kanzawai; representatives of the class
Nematoda; (1) nematodes selected from the group consisting of root
knot nematodes, cyst-forming nematodes, stem eelworms and foliar
nematodes; (2) nematodes selected from the group consisting of
Anguina spp.; Aphelenchoides spp.; Ditylenchus spp.; Globodera
spp., for example Globodera rostochiensis; Heterodera spp., for
example Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera
schachtii or Heterodera trifolii; Longidorus spp.; Meloidogyne
spp., for example Meloidogyne incognita or Meloidogyne javanica;
Pratylenchus, for example Pratylenchus neglectans or Pratylenchus
penetrans; Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus similis;
Trichodorus spp.; Tylenchulus, for example Tylenchulus
semipenetrans; and Xiphinema spp.; or (3) nematodes selected from
the group consisting of Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera
glycines; and Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne
incognita.
[0039] The method according to the invention (A) allows pests of
the abovementioned type to be controlled, i.e. contained or
destroyed, which occur, in particular, on transgenic plants, mainly
useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and
in forests, or on parts, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks,
tubers or roots, of such plants, the protection against these pests
in some cases even extending to plant parts which form at a later
point in time.
[0040] The method according to the invention (A) can be employed
advantageously for controlling pests in rice, cereals such as maize
or sorghum; in fruit, for example stone fruit, pome fruit and soft
fruit such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or
berries, for example strawberries, raspberries and blackberries; in
legumes such as beans, lentils, peas or soya beans; in oil crops
such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers,
coconuts, castor-oil plants, cacao or peanuts; in the marrow family
such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; in fibre plants such as
cotton, flax, hemp or jute; in citrus fruit such as oranges,
lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; in vegetables such as spinach,
lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes,
potatoes, beet or capsicum; in the laurel family such as avocado,
Cinnamonium or camphor; or in tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants,
sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the banana family, latex
plants or ornamentals, mainly in maize, rice, cereals, soya beans,
tomatoes, cotton, potatoes, sugar beet, rice and mustard; in
particular in cotton, rice, soya beans, potatoes and maize.
[0041] It has emerged that the method according to the invention
(A) is valuable preventatively and/or curatively in the field of
pest control even at low use concentrations of the pesticidal
composition and that a very favourable biocidal spectrum is
achieved thereby. Combined with a favourable compatibility of the
composition employed with warm-blooded species, fish and plants,
the method according to the invention can be employed against all
or individual developmental stages of normally-sensitive, but also
of normally-resistant, animal pests such as insects and
representatives of the order Acarina, depending on the species of
the transgenic crop plant to be protected from attack by pests. The
insecticidal and/or acaricidal effect of the method according to
the invention may become apparent directly, i.e. in a destruction
of the pests which occurs immediately or only after some time has
elapsed, for example, during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example as
a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate, the good action
corresponding to a destruction rate (mortality) of at least 40 to
50%.
[0042] Depending on the intended aims and the prevailing
circumstances, the pesticides within the scope of invention (A),
which are known per se, are emulsifiable concentrates, suspension
concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable
pastes, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders,
dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or
encapsulations in polymeric substances which comprise a macrolide
compound.
[0043] The active ingredients are employed in these compositions
together with at least one of the auxiliaries conventionally used
in art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or
solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds
(surfactants).
[0044] Formulation auxiliaries which are used are, for example,
solid carriers, solvents, stabilizers, "slow release" auxiliaries,
colourants and, if appropriate, surface-active substances
(surfactants). Suitable carriers and auxiliaries are all those
substances which are conventionally used for crop protection
products. Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers,
surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, anionic surfactants and other auxiliaries in the
compositions employed according to the invention are, for example,
those which have been described in EP-A-736 252.
[0045] These compositions for controlling pests can be formulated,
for example, as wettable powders, dusts, granules, solutions,
emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspension concentrates or
aerosols. For example, the compositions are of the type described
in EP-A-736 252.
[0046] The action of the compositions within the scope of invention
(A) which comprise a macrolide compound can be extended
substantially and adapted to prevailing circumstances by adding
other insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active
ingredients. Suitable examples of added active ingredients are
representatives of the following classes of active ingredients:
organophosphorous compounds, nitrophenols and derivatives,
formamidines, ureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated
hydrocarbons; especially preferred components in mixtures are, for
example, thiamethoxam, pymetrozine, fenoxycarb, imidacloprid,
Ti-435, fipronil, pyriproxyfen, emamectin, diazinon or
diafenthiuron.
[0047] As a rule, the compositions within the scope of invention
(A) comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95%, of a macrolide
compound and 1 to 99.9%, in particular 5 to 99.9%, of--at
least--one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule,
for 0 to 25%, in particular 0.1 to 20%, of the compositions to be
surfactants (% in each case meaning per cent by weight). While
concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercial
products, the end user will, as a rule, use dilute compositions
which have considerably lower concentrations of active
ingredient.
[0048] The compositions according to the invention (A) may also
comprise other solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilisers,
for example epoxidized or unepoxidized vegetable oils (for example
epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya bean oil), antifoams,
for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators,
binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or other active
ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example,
bactericides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides or
herbicides.
[0049] The compositions according to the invention (A) are produced
in a known manner, for example prior to mixing with the
auxiliary/auxiliaries by grinding, screening and/or compressing the
active ingredient, for example to give a particular particle size,
and by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with
the auxiliary/auxiliaries.
[0050] The method according to the invention for controlling pests
of the abovementioned type is carried out in a manner known per se
to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended aims and
prevailing circumstances, that is to say by spraying, wetting,
atomizing, dusting, brushing on, seed dressing, scattering or
pouring of the composition. Typical use concentrations are between
0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm of active
ingredient. The application rate may vary within wide ranges and
depends on the soil constitution, the type of application (foliar
application; seed dressing; application in the seed furrow), the
transgenic crop plant, the pest to be controlled, the climatic
circumstances prevailing in each case, and other factors determined
by the type of application, timing of application and target crop.
The application rates per hectare are generally 1 to 2000 g of
macrolide compound per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha,
preferably 10 to 500 g/ha, especially preferably 10 to 200
g/ha.
[0051] A preferred type of application in the field of crop
protection within the scope of invention (A) is application to the
foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to
adapt frequency and rate of application to the risk of infestation
with the pest in question. However, the active ingredient may also
enter into the plants via the root system (systemic action), by
drenching the site of the plants with a liquid composition or by
incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the site of
the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of
granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such
granules may be metered into the flooded paddy field.
[0052] The compositions according to invention (A) are also
suitable for protecting propagation material of transgenic plants,
for example seed, such as fruits, tubers or kernels, or plant
cuttings, from animal pests, in particular insects and
representatives of the order Acarina. The propagation material can
be treated with the composition prior to application, for example,
seed being dressed prior to sowing. The active ingredient may also
be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels
in a liquid composition or by coating them with a solid
composition. The composition may also be applied to the site of
application when applying the propagation material, for example
into the seed furrow during sowing. These treatment methods for
plant propagation material and the plant propagation material
treated thus are a further subject of the invention.
[0053] Examples of formulations of macrolide compounds which can be
used in the method according to the invention (A), for instance
solutions, granules, dusts, sprayable powders, emulsion
concentrates, coated granules and suspension concentrates, are of
the type as has been described in, for example, EP-A-580 553,
Examples F1 to F10.
[0054] Table B
[0055] The following abreviations are used in the table:
[0056] Active Principle of transgenic plant: AP
[0057] Photorhabdus luminescens: PL
[0058] Xenorhabdus nematophilus: XN
[0059] Proteinase Inhibitors: Pinh.
[0060] Plant lectins Plec
[0061] Agglutinins: Aggl.
[0062] 3-Hydroxysteroid oxidase: HO
[0063] Cholesteroloxidase: CO
[0064] Chitinase: CH
[0065] Glucanase: GL
[0066] Stilbensynthase SS
19 TABLE B AP Control of B.1 CryIA(a) Adoxophyes spp. B.2 CryIA(a)
Agrotis spp. B.3 CryIA(a) Alabama argillaceae B.4 CryIA(a)
Anticarsia gemmatalis B.5 CryIA(a) Chilo spp. B.6 CryIA(a) Clysia
ambiguella B.7 CryIA(a) Crocidolomia binotalis B.8 CryIA(a) Cydia
spp. B.9 CryIA(a) Diparopsis castanea B.10 CryIA(a) Earias spp.
B.11 CryIA(a) Ephestia spp. B.12 CryIA(a) Heliothis spp. B.13
CryIA(a) Hellula undalis B.14 CryIA(a) Keiferia lycopersicella B.15
CryIA(a) Leucoptera scitella B.16 CryIA(a) Lithocollethis spp. B.17
CryIA(a) Lobesia botrana B.18 CryIA(a) Ostrinia nubilalis B.19
CryIA(a) Pandemis spp. B.20 CryIA(a) Pectinophora gossyp. B.21
CryIA(a) Phyllocnistis citrella B.22 CryIA(a) Pieris spp. B.23
CryIA(a) Plutella xylostella B.24 CryIA(a) Scirpophaga spp. B.25
CryIA(a) Sesamia spp. B.26 CryIA(a) Sparganothis spp. B.27 CryIA(a)
Spodoptera spp. B.28 CryIA(a) Tortrix spp. B.29 CryIA(a)
Trichoplusia ni B.30 CryIA(a) Agriotes spp. B.31 CryIA(a)
Anthonomus grandis B.32 CryIA(a) Curculio spp. B.33 CryIA(a)
Diabrotica balteata B.34 CryIA(a) Leptinotarsa spp. B.35 CryIA(a)
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.36 CryIA(a) Otiorhynchus spp. B.37 CryIA(a)
Aleurothrixus spp. B.38 CryIA(a) Aleyrodes spp. B.39 CryIA(a)
Aonidiella spp. B.40 CryIA(a) Aphididae spp. B.41 CryIA(a) Aphis
spp. B.42 CryIA(a) Bemisia tabaci B.43 CryIA(a) Empoasca spp. B.44
CryIA(a) Mycus spp. B.45 CryIA(a) Nephotettix spp. B.46 CryIA(a)
Nilaparvata spp. B.47 CryIA(a) Pseudococcus spp. B.48 CryIA(a)
Psylla spp. B.49 CryIA(a) Quadraspidiotus spp. B.50 CryIA(a)
Schizaphis spp. B.51 CryIA(a) Trialeurodes spp. B.52 CryIA(a)
Lyriomyza spp. B.53 CryIA(a) Oscinella spp. B.54 CryIA(a) Phorbia
spp. B.55 CryIA(a) Frankliniella spp. B.56 CryIA(a) Thrips spp.
B.57 CryIA(a) Scirtothrips aurantii B.58 CryIA(a) Aceria spp. B.59
CryIA(a) Aculus spp. B.60 CryIA(a) Brevipalpus spp. B.61 CryIA(a)
Panonychus spp. B.62 CryIA(a) Phyllocoptruta spp. B.63 CryIA(a)
Tetranychus spp. B.64 CryIA(a) Heterodera spp. B.65 CryIA(a)
Meloidogyne spp. B.66 CryIA(b) Adoxophyes spp. B.67 CryIA(b)
Agrotis spp. B.68 CryIA(b) Alabama argillaceae B.69 CryIA(b)
Anticarsia gemmatalis B.70 CryIA(b) Chilo spp. B.71 CryIA(b) Clysia
ambiguella B.72 CryIA(b) Crocidolomia binotalis B.73 CryIA(b) Cydia
spp. B.74 CryIA(b) Diparopsis castanea B.75 CryIA(b) Earias spp.
B.76 CryIA(b) Ephestia spp. B.77 CryIA(b) Heliothis spp. B.78
CryIA(b) Hellula undalis B.79 CryIA(b) Keiferia lycopersicella B.80
CryIA(b) Leucoptera scitella B.81 CryIA(b) Lithocollethis spp. B.82
CryIA(b) Lobesia botrana B.83 CryIA(b) Ostrinia nubilalis B.84
CryIA(b) Pandemis spp. B.85 CryIA(b) Pectinophora gossyp. B.86
CryIA(b) Phyllocnistis citrella B.87 CryIA(b) Pieris spp. B.88
CryIA(b) Plutella xylostella B.89 CryIA(b) Scirpophaga spp. B.90
CryIA(b) Sesamia spp. B.91 CryIA(b) Sparganothis spp. B.92 CryIA(b)
Spodoptera spp. B.93 CryIA(b) Tortrix spp. B.94 CryIA(b)
Trichoplusia ni B.95 CryIA(b) Agriotes spp. B.96 CryIA(b)
Anthonomus grandis B.97 CryIA(b) Curculio spp. B.98 CryIA(b)
Diabrotica balteata B.99 CryIA(b) Leptinotarsa spp. B.100 CryIA(b)
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.101 CryIA(b) Otiorhynchus spp. B.102 CryIA(b)
Aleurothrixus spp. B.103 CryIA(b) Aleyrodes spp. B.104 CryIA(b)
Aonidiella spp. B.105 CryIA(b) Aphididae spp. B.106 CryIA(b) Aphis
spp. B.107 CryIA(b) Bemisia tabaci B.108 CryIA(b) Empoasca spp.
B.109 CryIA(b) Mycus spp. B.110 CryIA(b) Nephotettix spp. B.111
CryIA(b) Nilaparvata spp. B.112 CryIA(b) Pseudococcus spp. B.113
CryIA(b) Psylla spp. B.114 CryIA(b) Quadraspidiotus spp. B.115
CryIA(b) Schizaphis spp. B.116 CryIA(b) Trialeurodes spp. B.117
CryIA(b) Lyriomyza spp. B.118 CryIA(b) Oscinella spp. B.119
CryIA(b) Phorbia spp. B.120 CryIA(b) Frankliniella spp. B.121
CryIA(b) Thrips spp. B.122 CryIA(b) Scirtothrips aurantii B.123
CryIA(b) Aceria spp. B.124 CryIA(b) Aculus spp. B.125 CryIA(b)
Brevipalpus spp. B.126 CryIA(b) Panonychus spp. B.127 CryIA(b)
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.128 CryIA(b) Tetranychus spp. B.129 CryIA(b)
Heterodera spp. B.130 CryIA(b) Meloidogyne spp. B.131 CryIA(c)
Adoxophyes spp. B.132 CryIA(c) Agrotis spp. B.133 CryIA(c) Alabama
argillaceae B.134 CryIA(c) Anticarsia gemmatalis B.135 CryIA(c)
Chilo spp. B.136 CryIA(c) Clysia ambiguella B.137 CryIA(c)
Crocidolomia binotalis B.138 CryIA(c) Cydia spp. B.139 CryIA(c)
Diparopsis castanea B.140 CryIA(c) Earias spp. B.141 CryIA(c)
Ephestia spp. B.142 CryIA(c) Heliothis spp. B.143 CryIA(c) Hellula
undalis B.144 CryIA(c) Keiferia lycopersicella B.145 CryIA(c)
Leucoptera scitella B.146 CryIA(c) Lithocollethis spp. B.147
CryIA(c) Lobesia botrana B.148 CryIA(c) Ostrinia nubilalis B.149
CryIA(c) Pandemis spp. B.150 CryIA(c) Pectinophora gossypiella.
B.151 CryIA(c) Phyllocnistis citrella B.152 CryIA(c) Pieris spp.
B.153 CryIA(c) Plutella xylostella B.154 CryIA(c) Scirpophaga spp.
B.155 CryIA(c) Sesamia spp. B.156 CryIA(c) Sparganothis spp. B.157
CryIA(c) Spodoptera spp. B.158 CryIA(c) Tortrix spp. B.159 CryIA(c)
Trichoplusia ni B.160 CryIA(c) Agriotes spp. B.161 CryIA(c)
Anthonomus grandis B.162 CryIA(c) Curculio spp. B.163 CryIA(c)
Diabrotica balteata B.164 CryIA(c) Leptinotarsa spp. B.165 CryIA(c)
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.166 CryIA(c) Otiorhynchus spp. B.167 CryIA(c)
Aleurothrixus spp. B.168 CryIA(c) Aleyrodes spp. B.169 CryIA(c)
Aonidiella spp. B.170 CryIA(c) Aphididae spp. B.171 CryIA(c) Aphis
spp. B.172 CryIA(c) Bemisia tabaci B.173 CryIA(c) Empoasca spp.
B.174 CryIA(c) Mycus spp. B.175 CryIA(c) Nephotettix spp. B.176
CryIA(c) Nilaparvata spp. B.177 CryIA(c) Pseudococcus spp. B.178
CryIA(c) Psylla spp. B.179 CryIA(c) Quadraspidiotus spp. B.180
CryIA(c) Schizaphis spp. B.181 CryIA(c) Trialeurodes spp. B.182
CryIA(c) Lyriomyza spp. B.183 CryIA(c) Oscinella spp. B.184
CryIA(c) Phorbia spp. B.185 CryIA(c) Frankliniella spp. B.186
CryIA(c) Thrips spp. B.187 CryIA(c) Scirtothrips aurantii B.188
CryIA(c) Aceria spp. B.189 CryIA(c) Aculus spp. B.190 CryIA(c)
Brevipalpus spp. B.191 CryIA(c) Panonychus spp. B.192 CryIA(c)
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.193 CryIA(c) Tetranychus spp. B.194 CryIA(c)
Heterodera spp. B.195 CryIA(c) Meloidogyne spp. B.196 CryIIA
Adoxophyes spp. B.197 CryIIA Agrotis spp. B.198 CryIIA Alabama
argillaceae B.199 CryIIA Anticarsia gemmatalis B.200 CryIIA Chilo
spp. B.201 CryIIA Clysia ambiguella B.202 CryIIA Crocidolomia
binotalis B.203 CryIIA Cydia spp. B.204 CryIIA Diparopsis castanea
B.205 CryIIA Earias spp. B.206 CryIIA Ephestia spp. B.207 CryIIA
Heliothis spp. B.208 CryIIA Hellula undalis B.209 CryIIA Keiferia
lycopersicella B.210 CryIIA Leucoptera scitella B.211 CryIIA
Lithocollethis spp. B.212 CryIIA Lobesia botrana B.213 CryIIA
Ostrinia nubilalis B.214 CryIIA Pandemis spp. B.215 CryIIA
Pectinophora gossyp. B.216 CryIIA Phyllocnistis citrella B.217
CryIIA Pieris spp. B.218 CryIIA Plutella xylostella B.219 CryIIA
Scirpophaga spp. B.220 CryIIA Sesamia spp. B.221 CryIIA
Sparganothis spp. B.222 CryIIA Spodoptera spp. B.223 CryIIA Tortrix
spp. B.224 CryIIA Trichoplusia ni B.225 CryIIA Agriotes spp. B.226
CryIIA Anthonomus grandis B.227 CryIIA Curculio spp. B.228 CryIIA
Diabrotica balteata B.229 CryIIA Leptinotarsa spp. B.230 CryIIA
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.231 CryIIA Otiorhynchus spp. B.232 CryIIA
Aleurothrixus spp. B.233 CryIIA Aleyrodes spp. B.234 CryIIA
Aonidiella spp. B.235 CryIIA Aphididae spp. B.236 CryIIA Aphis spp.
B.237 CryIIA Bemisia tabaci B.238 CryIIA Empoasca spp. B.239 CryIIA
Mycus spp. B.240 CryIIA Nephotettix spp. B.241 CryIIA Nilaparvata
spp. B.242 CryIIA Pseudococcus spp. B.243 CryIIA Psylla spp. B.244
CryIIA Quadraspidiotus spp. B.245 CryIIA Schizaphis spp. B.246
CryIIA Trialeurodes spp. B.247 CryIIA Lyriomyza spp. B.248 CryIIA
Oscinella spp. B.249 CryIIA Phorbia spp. B.250 CryIIA Frankliniella
spp. B.251 CryIIA Thrips spp. B.252 CryIIA Scirtothrips aurantii
B.253 CryIIA Aceria spp. B.254 CryIIA Aculus spp. B.255 CryIIA
Brevipalpus spp. B.256 CryIIA Panonychus spp. B.257 CryIIA
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.258 CryIIA Tetranychus spp. B.259 CryIIA
Heterodera spp. B.260 CryIIA Meloidogyne spp. B.261 CryIIIA
Adoxophyes spp. B.262 CryIIIA Agrotis spp. B.263 CryIIIA Alabama
argillaceae B.264 CryIIIA Anticarsia gemmatalis B.265 CryIIIA Chilo
spp. B.266 CryIIIA Clysia ambiguella B.267 CryIIIA Crocidolomia
binotalis B.268 CryIIIA Cydia spp. B.269 CryIIIA Diparopsis
castanea B.270 CryIIIA Earias spp. B.271 CryIIIA Ephestia spp.
B.272 CryIIIA Heliothis spp. B.273 CryIIIA Hellula undalis B.274
CryIIIA Keiferia lycopersicella B.275 CryIIIA Leucoptera scitella
B.276 CryIIIA Lithocollethis spp. B.277 CryIIIA Lobesia botrana
B.278 CryIIIA Ostrinia nubilalis B.279 CryIIIA Pandemis spp. B.280
CryIIIA Pectinophora gossyp. B.281 CryIIIA Phyllocnistis citrella
B.282 CryIIIA Pieris spp. B.283 CryIIIA Plutella xylostella B.284
CryIIIA Scirpophaga spp. B.285 CryIIIA Sesamia spp. B.286 CryIIIA
Sparganothis spp. B.287 CryIIIA Spodoptera spp. B.288 CryIIIA
Tortrix spp. B.289 CryIIIA Trichoplusia ni B.290 CryIIIA Agriotes
spp. B.291 CryIIIA Anthonomus grandis B.292 CryIIIA Curculio spp.
B.293 CryIIIA Diabrotica balteata B.294 CryIIIA Leptinotarsa spp.
B.295 CryIIIA Lissorhoptrus spp. B.296 CryIIIA Otiorhynchus spp.
B.297 CryIIIA Aleurothrixus spp. B.298 CryIIIA Aleyrodes spp. B.299
CryIIIA Aonidiella spp. B.300 CryIIIA Aphididae spp. B.301 CryIIIA
Aphis spp. B.302 CryIIIA Bemisia tabaci B.303 CryIIIA Empoasca spp.
B.304 CryIIIA Mycus spp. B.305 CryIIIA Nephotettix spp. B.306
CryIIIA Nilaparvata spp. B.307 CryIIIA Pseudococcus spp. B.308
CryIIIA Psylla spp. B.309 CryIIIA Quadraspidiotus spp. B.310
CryIIIA Schizaphis spp. B.311 CryIIIA Trialeurodes spp. B.312
CryIIIA Lyriomyza spp. B.313 CryIIIA Oscinella spp. B.314 CryIIIA
Phorbia spp. B.315 CryIIIA Frankliniella spp. B.316 CryIIIA Thrips
spp. B.317 CryIIIA Scirtothrips aurantii B.318 CryIIIA Aceria spp.
B.319 CryIIIA Aculus spp. B.320 CryIIIA Brevipalpus spp. B.321
CryIIIA Panonychus spp. B.322 CryIIIA Phyllocoptruta spp. B.323
CryIIIA Tetranychus spp. B.324 CryIIIA Heterodera spp. B.325
CryIIIA Meloidogyne spp. B.326 CryIIIB2 Adoxophyes spp. B.327
CryIIIB2 Agrotis spp. B.328 CryIIIB2 Alabama argillaceae B.329
CryIIIB2 Anticarsia gemmatalis B.330 CryIIIB2 Chilo spp. B.331
CryIIIB2 Clysia ambiguella B.332 CryIIIB2 Crocidolomia binotalis
B.333 CryIIIB2 Cydia spp. B.334 CryIIIB2 Diparopsis castanea B.335
CryIIIB2 Earias spp. B.336 CryIIIB2 Ephestia spp. B.337 CryIIIB2
Heliothis spp. B.338 CryIIIB2 Hellula undalis B.339 CryIIIB2
Keiferia lycopersicella B.340 CryIIIB2 Leucoptera scitella B.341
CryIIIB2 Lithocollethis spp. B.342 CryIIIB2 Lobesia botrana B.343
CryIIIB2 Ostrinia nubilalis B.344 CryIIIB2 Pandemis spp. B.345
CryIIIB2 Pectinophora gossyp. B.346 CryIIIB2 Phyllocnistis citrella
B.347 CryIIIB2 Pieris spp. B.348 CryIIIB2 Plutella xylostella B.349
CryIIIB2 Scirpophaga spp. B.350 CryIIIB2 Sesamia spp. B.351
CryIIIB2 Sparganothis spp. B.352 CryIIIB2 Spodoptera spp. B.353
CryIIIB2 Tortrix spp. B.354 CryIIIB2 Trichoplusia ni B.355 CryIIIB2
Agriotes spp. B.356 CryIIIB2 Anthonomus grandis B.357 CryIIIB2
Curculio spp. B.358 CryIIIB2 Diabrotica balteata B.359 CryIIIB2
Leptinotarsa spp. B.360 CryIIIB2 Lissorhoptrus spp. B.361 CryIIIB2
Otiorhynchus spp. B.362 CryIIIB2 Aleurothrixus spp. B.363 CryIIIB2
Aleyrodes spp. B.364 CryIIIB2 Aonidiella spp. B.365 CryIIIB2
Aphididae spp. B.366 CryIIIB2 Aphis spp. B.367 CryIIIB2 Bemisia
tabaci B.368 CryIIIB2 Empoasca spp. B.369 CryIIIB2 Mycus spp. B.370
CryIIIB2 Nephotettix spp. B.371 CryIIIB2 Nilaparvata spp. B.372
CryIIIB2 Pseudococcus spp. B.373 CryIIIB2 Psylla spp. B.374
CryIIIB2 Quadraspidiotus spp. B.375 CryIIIB2 Schizaphis spp. B.376
CryIIIB2 Trialeurodes spp. B.377 CryIIIB2 Lyriomyza spp. B.378
CryIIIB2 Oscinella spp. B.379 CryIIIB2 Phorbia spp. B.380 CryIIIB2
Frankliniella spp. B.381 CryIIIB2 Thrips spp. B.382 CryIIIB2
Scirtothrips aurantii B.383 CryIIIB2 Aceria spp. B.384 CryIIIB2
Aculus spp. B.385 CryIIIB2 Brevipalpus spp. B.386 CryIIIB2
Panonychus spp. B.387 CryIIIB2 Phyllocoptruta spp. B.388 CryIIIB2
Tetranychus spp. B.389 CryIIIB2 Heterodera spp. B.390 CryIIIB2
Meloidogyne spp. B.391 CytA Adoxophyes spp. B.392 CytA Agrotis spp.
B.393 CytA Alabama argillaceae B.394 CytA Anticarsia gemmatalis
B.395 CytA Chilo spp. B.396 CytA Clysia ambiguella B.397 CytA
Crocidolomia binotalis B.398 CytA Cydia spp. B.399 CytA Diparopsis
castanea B.400 CytA Earias spp. B.401 CytA Ephestia spp. B.402 CytA
Heliothis spp. B.403 CytA Hellula undalis B.404 CytA Keiferia
lycopersicella B.405 CytA Leucoptera scitella B.406 CytA
Lithocollethis spp. B.407 CytA Lobesia botrana B.408 CytA Ostrinia
nubilalis B.409 CytA Pandemis spp. B.410 CytA Pectinophora gossyp.
B.411 CytA Phyllocnistis citrella B.412 CytA Pieris spp. B.413 CytA
Plutella xylostella B.414 CytA Scirpophaga spp. B.415 CytA Sesamia
spp. B.416 CytA Sparganothis spp. B.417 CytA Spodoptera spp. B.418
CytA Tortrix spp. B.419 CytA Trichoplusia ni B.420 CytA Agriotes
spp. B.421 CytA Anthonomus grandis B.422 CytA Curculio spp. B.423
CytA Diabrotica balteata B.424 CytA Leptinotarsa spp. B.425 CytA
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.426 CytA Otiorhynchus spp. B.427 CytA
Aleurothrixus spp. B.428 CytA Aleyrodes spp. B.429 CytA Aonidiella
spp. B.430 CytA Aphididae spp. B.431 CytA Aphis spp. B.432 CytA
Bemisia tabaci B.433 CytA Empoasca spp. B.434 CytA Mycus spp. B.435
CytA Nephotettix spp. B.436 CytA Nilaparvata spp. B.437 CytA
Pseudococcus spp. B.438 CytA Psylla spp. B.439 CytA Quadraspidiotus
spp. B.440 CytA Schizaphis spp. B.441 CytA Trialeurodes spp. B.442
CytA Lyriomyza spp. B.443 CytA Oscinella spp. B.444 CytA Phorbia
spp. B.445 CytA Frankliniella spp. B.446 CytA Thrips spp. B.447
CytA Scirtothrips aurantii B.448 CytA Aceria spp. B.449 CytA Aculus
spp. B.450 CytA Brevipalpus spp. B.451 CytA Panonychus spp. B.452
CytA
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.453 CytA Tetranychus spp. B.454 CytA
Heterodera spp. B.455 CytA Meloidogyne spp. B.456 VIP3 Adoxophyes
spp. B.457 VIP3 Agrotis spp. B.458 VIP3 Alabama argillaceae B.459
VIP3 Anticarsia gemmatalis B.460 VIP3 Chilo spp. B.461 VIP3 Clysia
ambiguella B.462 VIP3 Crocidolomia binotalis B.463 VIP3 Cydia spp.
B.464 VIP3 Diparopsis castanea B.465 VIP3 Earias spp. B.466 VIP3
Ephestia spp. B.467 VIP3 Heliothis spp. B.468 VIP3 Hellula undalis
B.469 VIP3 Keiferia lycopersicella B.470 VIP3 Leucoptera scitella
B.471 VIP3 Lithocollethis spp. B.472 VIP3 Lobesia botrana B.473
VIP3 Ostrinia nubilalis B.474 VIP3 Pandemis spp. B.475 VIP3
Pectinophora gossyp. B.476 VIP3 Phyllocnistis citrella B.477 VIP3
Pieris spp. B.478 VIP3 Plutella xylostella B.479 VIP3 Scirpophaga
spp. B.480 VIP3 Sesamia spp. B.481 VIP3 Sparganothis spp. B.482
VIP3 Spodoptera spp. B.483 VIP3 Tortrix spp. B.484 VIP3
Trichoplusia ni B.485 VIP3 Agriotes spp. B.486 VIP3 Anthonomus
grandis B.487 VIP3 Curculio spp. B.488 VIP3 Diabrotica balteata
B.489 VIP3 Leptinotarsa spp. B.490 VIP3 Lissorhoptrus spp. B.491
VIP3 Otiorhynchus spp. B.492 VIP3 Aleurothrixus spp. B.493 VIP3
Aleyrodes spp. B.494 VIP3 Aonidiella spp. B.495 VIP3 Aphididae spp.
B.496 VIP3 Aphis spp. B.497 VIP3 Bemisia tabaci B.498 VIP3 Empoasca
spp. B.499 VIP3 Mycus spp. B.500 VIP3 Nephotettix spp. B.501 VIP3
Nilaparvata spp. B.502 VIP3 Pseudococcus spp. B.503 VIP3 Psylla
spp. B.504 VIP3 Quadraspidiotus spp. B.505 VIP3 Schizaphis spp.
B.506 VIP3 Trialeurodes spp. B.507 VIP3 Lyriomyza spp. B.508 VIP3
Oscinella spp. B.509 VIP3 Phorbia spp. B.510 VIP3 Frankliniella
spp. B.511 VIP3 Thrips spp. B.512 VIP3 Scirtothrips aurantii B.513
VIP3 Aceria spp. B.514 VIP3 Aculus spp. B.515 VIP3 Brevipalpus spp.
B.516 VIP3 Panonychus spp. B.517 VIP3 Phyllocoptruta spp. B.518
VIP3 Tetranychus spp. B.519 VIP3 Heterodera spp. B.520 VIP3
Meloidogyne spp. B.521 GL Adoxophyes spp. B.522 GL Agrotis spp.
B.523 GL Alabama argillaceae B.524 GL Anticarsia gemmatalis B.525
GL Chilo spp. B.526 GL Clysia ambiguella B.527 GL Crocidolomia
binotalis B.528 GL Cydia spp. B.529 GL Diparopsis castanea B.530 GL
Earias spp. B.531 GL Ephestia spp. B.532 GL Heliothis spp. B.533 GL
Hellula undalis B.534 GL Keiferia lycopersicella B.535 GL
Leucoptera scitella B.536 GL Lithocollethis spp. B.537 GL Lobesia
botrana B.538 GL Ostrinia nubilalis B.539 GL Pandemis spp. B.540 GL
Pectinophora gossyp. B.541 GL Phyllocnistis citrella B.542 GL
Pieris spp. B.543 GL Plutella xylostella B.544 GL Scirpophaga spp.
B.545 GL Sesamia spp. B.546 GL Sparganothis spp. B.547 GL
Spodoptera spp. B.548 GL Tortrix spp. B.549 GL Trichoplusia ni
B.550 GL Agriotes spp. B.551 GL Anthonomus grandis B.552 GL
Curculio spp. B.553 GL Diabrotica balteata B.554 GL Leptinotarsa
spp. B.555 GL Lissorhoptrus spp. B.556 GL Otiorhynchus spp. B.557
GL Aleurothrixus spp. B.558 GL Aleyrodes spp. B.559 GL Aonidiella
spp. B.560 GL Aphididae spp. B.561 GL Aphis spp. B.562 GL Bemisia
tabaci B.563 GL Empoasca spp. B.564 GL Mycus spp. B.565 GL
Nephotettix spp. B.566 GL Nilaparvata spp. B.567 GL Pseudococcus
spp. B.568 GL Psylla spp. B.569 GL Quadraspidiotus spp. B.570 GL
Schizaphis spp. B.571 GL Trialeurodes spp. B.572 GL Lyriomyza spp.
B.573 GL Oscinella spp. B.574 GL Phorbia spp. B.575 GL
Frankliniella spp. B.576 GL Thrips spp. B.577 GL Scirtothrips
aurantii B.578 GL Aceria spp. B.579 GL Aculus spp. B.580 GL
Brevipalpus spp. B.581 GL Panonychus spp. B.582 GL Phyllocoptruta
spp. B.583 GL Tetranychus spp. B.584 GL Heterodera spp. B.585 GL
Meloidogyne spp. B.586 PL Adoxophyes spp. B.587 PL Agrotis spp.
B.588 PL Alabama argillaceae B.589 PL Anticarsia gemmatalis B.590
PL Chilo spp. B.591 PL Clysia ambiguella B.592 PL Crocidolomia
binotalis B.593 PL Cydia spp. B.594 PL Diparopsis castanea B.595 PL
Earias spp. B.596 PL Ephestia spp. B.597 PL Heliothis spp. B.598 PL
Hellula undalis B.599 PL Keiferia lycopersicella B.600 PL
Leucoptera scitella B.601 PL Lithocollethis spp. B.602 PL Lobesia
botrana B.603 PL Ostrinia nubilalis B.604 PL Pandemis spp. B.605 PL
Pectinophora gossyp. B.606 PL Phyllocnistis citrella B.607 PL
Pieris spp. B.608 PL Plutella xylostella B.609 PL Scirpophaga spp.
B.610 PL Sesamia spp. B.611 PL Sparganothis spp. B.612 PL
Spodoptera spp. B.613 PL Tortrix spp. B.614 PL Trichoplusia ni
B.615 PL Agriotes spp. B.616 PL Anthonomus grandis B.617 PL
Curculio spp. B.618 PL Diabrotica balteata B.619 PL Leptinotarsa
spp. B.620 PL Lissorhoptrus spp. B.621 PL Otiorhynchus spp. B.622
PL Aleurothrixus spp. B.623 PL Aleyrodes spp. B.624 PL Aonidiella
spp. B.625 PL Aphididae spp. B.626 PL Aphis spp. B.627 PL Bemisia
tabaci B.628 PL Empoasca spp. B.629 PL Mycus spp. B.630 PL
Nephotettix spp. B.631 PL Nilaparvata spp. B.632 PL Pseudococcus
spp. B.633 PL Psylla spp. B.634 PL Quadraspidiotus spp. B.635 PL
Schizaphis spp. B.636 PL Trialeurodes spp. B.637 PL Lyriomyza spp.
B.638 PL Oscinella spp. B.639 PL Phorbia spp. B.640 PL
Frankliniella spp. B.641 PL Thrips spp. B.642 PL Scirtothrips
aurantii B.643 PL Aceria spp. B.644 PL Aculus spp. B.645 PL
Brevipalpus spp. B.646 PL Panonychus spp. B.647 PL Phyllocoptruta
spp. B.648 PL Tetranychus spp. B.649 PL Heterodera spp. B.650 PL
Meloidogyne spp. B.651 XN Adoxophyes spp. B.652 XN Agrotis spp.
B.653 XN Alabama argillaceae B.654 XN Anticarsia gemmatalis B.655
XN Chilo spp. B.656 XN Clysia ambiguella B.657 XN Crocidolomia
binotalis B.658 XN Cydia spp. B.659 XN Diparopsis castanea B.660 XN
Earias spp. B.661 XN Ephestia spp. B.662 XN Heliothis spp. B.663 XN
Hellula undalis B.664 XN Keiferia lycopersicella B.665 XN
Leucoptera scitella B.666 XN Lithocollethis spp. B.667 XN Lobesia
botrana B.668 XN Ostrinia nubilalis B.669 XN Pandemis spp. B.670 XN
Pectinophora gossyp. B.671 XN Phyllocnistis citrella B.672 XN
Pieris spp. B.673 XN Plutella xylostella B.674 XN Scirpophaga spp.
B.675 XN Sesamia spp. B.676 XN Sparganothis spp. B.677 XN
Spodoptera spp. B.678 XN Tortrix spp. B.679 XN Trichoplusia ni
B.680 XN Agriotes spp. B.681 XN Anthonomus grandis B.682 XN
Curculio spp. B.683 XN Diabrotica balteata B.684 XN Leptinotarsa
spp. B.685 XN Lissorhoptrus spp. B.686 XN Otiorhynchus spp. B.687
XN Aleurothrixus spp. B.688 XN Aleyrodes spp. B.689 XN Aonidiella
spp. B.690 XN Aphididae spp. B.691 XN Aphis spp. B.692 XN Bemisia
tabaci B.693 XN Empoasca spp. B.694 XN Mycus spp. B.695 XN
Nephotettix spp. B.696 XN Nilaparvata spp. B.697 XN Pseudococcus
spp. B.698 XN Psylla spp. B.699 XN Quadraspidiotus spp. B.700 XN
Schizaphis spp. B.701 XN Trialeurodes spp. B.702 XN Lyriomyza spp.
B.703 XN Oscinella spp. B.704 XN Phorbia spp. B.705 XN
Frankliniella spp. B.706 XN Thrips spp. B.707 XN Scirtothrips
aurantii B.708 XN Aceria spp. B.709 XN Aculus spp. B.710 XN
Brevipalpus spp. B.711 XN Panonychus spp. B.712 XN Phyllocoptruta
spp. B.713 XN Tetranychus spp. B.714 XN Heterodera spp. B.715 XN
Meloidogyne spp. B.716 Plnh. Adoxophyes spp. B.717 Plnh. Agrotis
spp. B.718 Plnh. Alabama argillaceae B.719 Plnh. Anticarsia
gemmatalis B.720 Plnh. Chilo spp. B.721 Plnh. Clysia ambiguella
B.722 Plnh. Crocidolomia binotalis B.723 Plnh. Cydia spp. B.724
Plnh. Diparopsis castanea B.725 Plnh. Earias spp. B.726 Plnh.
Ephestia spp. B.727 Plnh. Heliothis spp. B.728 Plnh. Hellula
undalis B.729 Plnh. Keiferia lycopersicella B.730 Plnh. Leucoptera
scitella B.731 Plnh. Lithocollethis spp. B.732 Plnh. Lobesia
botrana B.733 Plnh. Ostrinia nubilalis B.734 Plnh. Pandemis spp.
B.735 Plnh. Pectinophora gossyp. B.736 Plnh. Phyllocnistis citrella
B.737 Plnh. Pieris spp. B.738 Plnh. Plutella xylostella B.739 Plnh.
Scirpophaga spp. B.740 Plnh. Sesamia spp. B.741 Plnh. Sparganothis
spp. B.742 Plnh. Spodoptera spp. B.743 Plnh. Tortrix spp. B.744
Plnh. Trichoplusia ni B.745 Plnh. Agriotes spp. B.746 Plnh.
Anthonomus grandis B.747 Plnh. Curculio spp. B.748 Plnh. Diabrotica
balteata B.749 Plnh. Leptinotarsa spp. B.750 Plnh. Lissorhoptrus
spp. B.751 Plnh. Otiorhynchus spp. B.752 Plnh. Aleurothrixus spp.
B.753 Plnh. Aleyrodes spp. B.754 Plnh. Aonidiella spp. B.755 Plnh.
Aphididae spp. B.756 Plnh. Aphis spp. B.757 Plnh. Bemisia tabaci
B.758 Plnh. Empoasca spp. B.759 Plnh. Mycus spp. B.760 Plnh.
Nephotettix spp. B.761 Plnh. Nilaparvata spp. B.762 Plnh.
Pseudococcus spp. B.763 Plnh. Psylla spp. B.764 Plnh.
Quadraspidiotus spp. B.765 Plnh. Schizaphis spp. B.766 Plnh.
Trialeurodes spp. B.767 Plnh. Lyriomyza spp. B.768 Plnh. Oscinella
spp. B.769 Plnh. Phorbia spp. B.770 Plnh. Frankliniella spp. B.771
Plnh. Thrips spp. B.772 Plnh. Scirtothrips aurantii B.773 Plnh.
Aceria spp. B.774 Plnh. Aculus spp. B.775 Plnh. Brevipalpus spp.
B.776 Plnh. Panonychus spp. B.777 Plnh. Phyllocoptruta spp. B.778
Plnh. Tetranychus spp. B.779 Plnh. Heterodera spp. B.780 Plnh.
Meloidogyne spp. B.781 PLec. Adoxophyes spp. B.782 PLec. Agrotis
spp. B.783 PLec. Alabama argillaceae B.784 PLec. Anticarsia
gemmatalis B.785 PLec. Chilo spp. B.786 PLec. Clysia ambiguella
B.787 PLec. Crocidolomia binotalis B.788 PLec. Cydia spp. B.789
PLec. Diparopsis castanea B.790 PLec. Earias spp. B.791 PLec.
Ephestia spp. B.792 PLec. Heliothis spp. B.793 PLec. Hellula
undalis B.794 PLec. Keiferia lycopersicella B.795 PLec. Leucoptera
scitella B.796 PLec. Lithocollethis spp. B.797 PLec. Lobesia
botrana B.798 PLec. Ostrinia nubilalis B.799 PLec. Pandemis spp.
B.800 PLec. Pectinophora gossyp. B.801 PLec. Phyllocnistis citrella
B.802 PLec. Pieris spp. B.803 PLec. Plutella xylostella B.804 PLec.
Scirpophaga spp. B.805 PLec. Sesamia spp. B.806 PLec. Sparganothis
spp. B.807 PLec. Spodoptera spp. B.808 PLec. Tortrix spp. B.809
PLec. Trichoplusia ni B.810 PLec. Agriotes spp. B.811 PLec.
Anthonomus grandis B.812 PLec. Curculio spp. B.813 PLec. Diabrotica
balteata B.814 PLec. Leptinotarsa spp. B.815 PLec. Lissorhoptrus
spp. B.816 PLec. Otiorhynchus spp. B.817 PLec. Aleurothrixus spp.
B.818 PLec. Aleyrodes spp. B.819 PLec. Aonidiella spp. B.820 PLec.
Aphididae spp. B.821 PLec. Aphis spp. B.822 PLec. Bemisia tabaci
B.823 PLec. Empoasca spp. B.824 PLec. Mycus spp. B.825 PLec.
Nephotettix spp. B.826 PLec. Nilaparvata spp. B.827 PLec.
Pseudococcus spp. B.828 PLec. Psylla spp. B.829 PLec.
Quadraspidiotus spp. B.830 PLec. Schizaphis spp. B.831 PLec.
Trialeurodes spp. B.832 PLec. Lyriomyza spp. B.833 PLec. Oscinella
spp. B.834 PLec. Phorbia spp. B.835 PLec. Frankliniella spp. B.836
PLec. Thrips spp. B.837 PLec. Scirtothrips aurantii B.838 PLec.
Aceria spp. B.839 PLec. Aculus spp. B.840 PLec. Brevipalpus spp.
B.841 PLec. Panonychus spp. B.842 PLec. Phyllocoptruta spp. B.843
PLec. Tetranychus spp. B.844 PLec. Heterodera spp. B.845 PLec.
Meloidogyne spp. B.846 Aggl. Adoxophyes spp. B.847 Aggl. Agrotis
spp. B.848 Aggl. Alabama argillaceae B.849 Aggl. Anticarsia
gemmatalis B.850 Aggl. Chilo spp. B.851 Aggl. Clysia ambiguella
B.852 Aggl. Crocidolomia binotalis B.853 Aggl. Cydia spp. B.854
Aggl. Diparopsis castanea B.855 Aggl. Earias spp. B.856 Aggl.
Ephestia spp. B.857 Aggl. Heliothis spp. B.858 Aggl. Hellula
undalis B.859 Aggl. Keiferia lycopersicella B.860 Aggl. Leucoptera
scitella B.861 Aggl. Lithocollethis spp. B.862 Aggl. Lobesia
botrana B.863 Aggl. Ostrinia nubilalis B.864 Aggl. Pandemis spp.
B.865 Aggl. Pectinophora gossyp. B.866 Aggl. Phyllocnistis citrella
B.867 Aggl. Pieris spp. B.868 Aggl. Plutella xylostella B.869 Aggl.
Scirpophaga spp. B.870 Aggl. Sesamia spp. B.871 Aggl. Sparganothis
spp. B.872 Aggl. Spodoptera spp. B.873 Aggl. Tortrix spp. B.874
Aggl. Trichoplusia ni B.875 Aggl. Agriotes spp. B.876 Aggl.
Anthonomus grandis B.877 Aggl. Curculio spp. B.878 Aggl. Diabrotica
balteata B.879 Aggl. Leptinotarsa spp. B.880 Aggl. Lissorhoptrus
spp. B.881 Aggl. Otiorhynchus spp. B.882 Aggl. Aleurothrixus spp.
B.883 Aggl. Aleyrodes spp. B.884 Aggl. Aonidiella spp. B.885 Aggl.
Aphididae spp. B.886 Aggl. Aphis spp. B.887 Aggl. Bemisia tabaci
B.888 Aggl. Empoasca spp. B.889 Aggl. Mycus spp. B.890 Aggl.
Nephotettix spp. B.891 Aggl. Nilaparvata spp. B.892 Aggl.
Pseudococcus spp. B.893 Aggl. Psylla spp. B.894 Aggl.
Quadraspidiotus spp. B.895 Aggl. Schizaphis spp. B.896 Aggl.
Trialeurodes spp. B.897 Aggl. Lyriomyza spp. B.898 Aggl. Oscinella
spp. B.899 Aggl. Phorbia spp. B.900 Aggl. Frankliniella spp. B.901
Aggl. Thrips spp. B.902 Aggl. Scirtothrips aurantii B.903 Aggl.
Aceria spp. B.904 Aggl. Aculus spp. B.905 Aggl. Brevipalpus spp.
B.906 Aggl. Panonychus spp. B.907 Aggl. Phyllocoptruta spp. B.908
Aggl. Tetranychus spp. B.909 Aggl. Heterodera spp. B.910 Aggl.
Meloidogyne spp. B.911 CO Adoxophyes spp. B.912 CO Agrotis spp.
B.913 CO Alabama argillaceae B.914 CO Anticarsia gemmatalis B.915
CO Chilo spp. B.916 CO Clysia ambiguella B.917 CO Crocidolomia
binotalis B.918 CO Cydia spp. B.919 CO Diparopsis castanea B.920 CO
Earias spp. B.921 CO Ephestia spp. B.922 CO Heliothis spp. B.923 CO
Hellula undalis B.924 CO Keiferia lycopersicella B.925 CO
Leucoptera scitella B.926 CO Lithocollethis spp. B.927 CO Lobesia
botrana B.928 CO Ostrinia nubilalis B.929 CO Pandemis spp. B.930 CO
Pectinophora gossyp. B.931 CO Phyllocnistis citrella B.932 CO
Pieris spp. B.933 CO Plutella xylostella B.934 CO Scirpophaga spp.
B.935 CO Sesamia spp. B.936 CO Sparganothis spp. B.937 CO
Spodoptera spp. B.938 CO Tortrix spp. B.939 CO Trichoplusia ni
B.940 CO Agriotes spp. B.941 CO Anthonomus grandis B.942 CO
Curculio spp. B.943
CO Diabrotica balteata B.944 CO Leptinotarsa spp. B.945 CO
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.946 CO Otiorhynchus spp. B.947 CO
Aleurothrixus spp. B.948 CO Aleyrodes spp. B.949 CO Aonidiella spp.
B.950 CO Aphididae spp. B.951 CO Aphis spp. B.952 CO Bemisia tabaci
B.953 CO Empoasca spp. B.954 CO Mycus spp. B.955 CO Nephotettix
spp. B.956 CO Nilaparvata spp. B.957 CO Pseudococcus spp. B.958 CO
Psylla spp. B.959 CO Quadraspidiotus spp. B.960 CO Schizaphis spp.
B.961 CO Trialeurodes spp. B.962 CO Lyriomyza spp. B.963 CO
Oscinella spp. B.964 CO Phorbia spp. B.965 CO Frankliniella spp.
B.966 CO Thrips spp. B.967 CO Scirtothrips aurantii B.968 CO Aceria
spp. B.969 CO Aculus spp. B.970 CO Brevipalpus spp. B.971 CO
Panonychus spp. B.972 CO Phyllocoptruta spp. B.973 CO Tetranychus
spp. B.974 CO Heterodera spp. B.975 CO Meloidogyne spp. B.976 CH
Adoxophyes spp. B.977 CH Agrotis spp. B.978 CH Alabama argillaceae
B.979 CH Anticarsia gemmatalis B.980 CH Chilo spp. B.981 CH Clysia
ambiguella B.982 CH Crocidolomia binotalis B.983 CH Cydia spp.
B.984 CH Diparopsis castanea B.985 CH Earias spp. B.986 CH Ephestia
spp. B.987 CH Heliothis spp. B.988 CH Hellula undalis B.989 CH
Keiferia lycopersicella B.990 CH Leucoptera scitella B.991 CH
Lithocollethis spp. B.992 CH Lobesia botrana B.993 CH Ostrinia
nubilalis B.994 CH Pandemis spp. B.995 CH Pectinophora gossyp.
B.996 CH Phyllocnistis citrella B.997 CH Pieris spp. B.998 CH
Plutella xylostella B.999 CH Scirpophaga spp. B.1000 CH Sesamia
spp. B.1001 CH Sparganothis spp. B.1002 CH Spodoptera spp. B.1003
CH Tortrix spp. B.1004 CH Trichoplusia ni B.1005 CH Agriotes spp.
B.1006 CH Anthonomus grandis B.1007 CH Curculio spp. B.1008 CH
Diabrotica balteata B.1009 CH Leptinotarsa spp. B.1010 CH
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.1011 CH Otiorhynchus spp. B.1012 CH
Aleurothrixus spp. B.1013 CH Aleyrodes spp. B.1014 CH Aonidiella
spp. B.1015 CH Aphididae spp. B.1016 CH Aphis spp. B.1017 CH
Bemisia tabaci B.1018 CH Empoasca spp. B.1019 CH Mycus spp. B.1020
CH Nephotettix spp. B.1021 CH Nilaparvata spp. B.1022 CH
Pseudococcus spp. B.1023 CH Psylla spp. B.1024 CH Quadraspidiotus
spp. B.1025 CH Schizaphis spp. B.1026 CH Trialeurodes spp. B.1027
CH Lyriomyza spp. B.1028 CH Oscinella spp. B.1029 CH Phorbia spp.
B.1030 CH Frankliniella spp. B.1031 CH Thrips spp. B.1032 CH
Scirtothrips aurantii B.1033 CH Aceria spp. B.1034 CH Aculus spp.
B.1035 CH Brevipalpus spp. B.1036 CH Panonychus spp. B.1037 CH
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.1038 CH Tetranychus spp. B.1039 CH Heterodera
spp. B.1040 CH Meloidogyne spp. B.1041 SS Adoxophyes spp. B.1042 SS
Agrotis spp. B.1043 SS Alabama argillaceae B.1044 SS Anticarsia
gemmatalis B.1045 SS Chilo spp. B.1046 SS Clysia ambiguella B.1047
SS Crocidolomia binotalis B.1048 SS Cydia spp. B.1049 SS Diparopsis
castanea B.1050 SS Earias spp. B.1051 SS Ephestia spp. B.1052 SS
Heliothis spp. B.1053 SS Hellula undalis B.1054 SS Keiferia
lycopersicella B.1055 SS Leucoptera scitella B.1056 SS
Lithocollethis spp. B.1057 SS Lobesia botrana B.1058 SS Ostrinia
nubilalis B.1059 SS Pandemis spp. B.1060 SS Pectinophora gossyp.
B.1061 SS Phyllocnistis citrella B.1062 SS Pieris spp. B.1063 SS
Plutella xylostella B.1064 SS Scirpophaga spp. B.1065 SS Sesamia
spp. B.1066 SS Sparganothis spp. B.1067 SS Spodoptera spp. B.1068
SS Tortrix spp. B.1069 SS Trichoplusia ni B.1070 SS Agriotes spp.
B.1071 SS Anthonomus grandis B.1072 SS Curculio spp. B.1073 SS
Diabrotica balteata B.1074 SS Leptinotarsa spp. B.1075 SS
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.1076 SS Otiorhynchus spp. B.1077 SS
Aleurothrixus spp. B.1078 SS Aleyrodes spp. B.1079 SS Aonidiella
spp. B.1080 SS Aphididae spp. B.1081 SS Aphis spp. B.1082 SS
Bemisia tabaci B.1083 SS Empoasca spp. B.1084 SS Mycus spp. B.1085
SS Nephotettix spp. B.1086 SS Nilaparvata spp. B.1087 SS
Pseudococcus spp. B.1088 SS Psylla spp. B.1089 SS Quadraspidiotus
spp. B.1090 SS Schizaphis spp. B.1091 SS Trialeurodes spp. B.1092
SS Lyriomyza spp. B.1093 SS Oscinella spp. B.1094 SS Phorbia spp.
B.1095 SS Frankliniella spp. B.1096 SS Thrips spp. B.1097 SS
Scirtothrips aurantii B.1098 SS Aceria spp. B.1099 SS Aculus spp.
B.1100 SS Brevipalpus spp. B.1101 SS Panonychus spp. B.1102 SS
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.1103 SS Tetranychus spp. B.1104 SS Heterodera
spp. B.1105 SS Meloidogyne spp. B.1106 HO Adoxophyes spp. B.1107 HO
Agrotis spp. B.1108 HO Alabama argillaceae B.1109 HO Anticarsia
gemmatalis B.1110 HO Chilo spp. B.1111 HO Clysia ambiguella B.1112
HO Crocidolomia binotalis B.1113 HO Cydia spp. B.1114 HO Diparopsis
castanea B.1115 HO Earias spp. B.1116 HO Ephestia spp. B.1117 HO
Heliothis spp. B.1118 HO Hellula undalis B.1119 HO Keiferia
lycopersicella B.1120 HO Leucoptera scitella B.1121 HO
Lithocollethis spp. B.1122 HO Lobesia botrana B.1123 HO Ostrinia
nubilalis B.1124 HO Pandemis spp. B.1125 HO Pectinophora
gossypiella B.1126 HO Phyllocnistis citrella B.1127 HO Pieris spp.
B.1128 HO Plutella xylostella B.1129 HO Scirpophaga spp. B.1130 HO
Sesamia spp. B.1131 HO Sparganothis spp. B.1132 HO Spodoptera spp.
B.1133 HO Tortrix spp. B.1134 HO Trichoplusia ni B.1135 HO Agriotes
spp. B.1136 HO Anthonomus grandis B.1137 HO Curculio spp. B.1138 HO
Diabrotica balteata B.1139 HO Leptinotarsa spp. B.1140 HO
Lissorhoptrus spp. B.1141 HO Otiorhynchus spp. B.1142 HO
Aleurothrixus spp. B.1143 HO Aleyrodes spp. B.1144 HO Aonidiella
spp. B.1145 HO Aphididae spp. B.1146 HO Aphis spp. B.1147 HO
Bemisia tabaci B.1148 HO Empoasca spp. B.1149 HO Mycus spp. B.1150
HO Nephotettix spp. B.1151 HO Nilaparvata spp. B.1152 HO
Pseudococcus spp. B.1153 HO Psylla spp. B.1154 HO Quadraspidiotus
spp. B.1155 HO Schizaphis spp. B.1156 HO Trialeurodes spp. B.1157
HO Lyriomyza spp. B.1158 HO Oscinella spp. B.1159 HO Phorbia spp.
B.1160 HO Frankliniella spp. B.1161 HO Thrips spp. B.1162 HO
Scirtothrips aurantii B.1163 HO Aceria spp. B.1164 HO Aculus spp.
B.1165 HO Brevipalpus spp. B.1166 HO Panonychus spp. B.1167 HO
Phyllocoptruta spp. B.1168 HO Tetranychus spp. B.1169 HO Heterodera
spp. B.1170 HO Meloidogyne spp.
Biological Examples
[0067] Table 1: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic cotton, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0068] Table 2: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic rice, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0069] Table 3: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic potatoes, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0070] Table 4: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic brassica, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0071] Table 5: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic tomatoes, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0072] Table 6: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0073] Table 7: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic soybeans, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0074] Table 8: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic maize, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0075] Table 9: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic wheat, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0076] Table 10: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic bananas, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0077] Table 11: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic citrus trees, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0078] Table 12: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Abamectin to transgenic pome fruit trees, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0079] Table 13: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cotton, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0080] Table 14: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic rice, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0081] Table 15: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic potatoes, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0082] Table 16: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic tomatoes, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0083] Table 17: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cucurbits, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0084] Table 18: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic soybeans, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0085] Table 19: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic maize, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0086] Table 20: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic wheat, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0087] Table 21: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic bananas, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0088] Table 22: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic orange trees,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line
of the table B.
[0089] Table 23: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic pome fruit, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0090] Table 24: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Emamectin-Benzoate to transgenic cucurbits, wherein
the combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0091] Table 25: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic cotton, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0092] Table 26: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic rice, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the table B.
[0093] Table 27: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic potatoes, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0094] Table 28: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic brassica, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0095] Table 29: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic tomatoes, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0096] Table 30: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic cucurbits, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0097] Table 31: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic soybeans, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0098] Table 32: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic maize, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0099] Table 33: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic wheat, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0100] Table 34: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic bananas, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0101] Table 35: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic citrus trees, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
[0102] Table 36: A method of controlling pests comprising the
application of Spinosad to transgenic pome fruit trees, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the pest to be controlled correspond to a line of the
table B.
20TABLE C Principle Tolerant to Crop C.1 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.***
Cotton C.2 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** Rice C.3 ALS Sulfonylureas
etc.*** Brassica C.4 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** Potatoes C.5 ALS
Sulfonylureas etc.*** Tomatoes C.6 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.***
Cucurbits C.7 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** Soybeans C.8 ALS
Sulfonylureas etc.*** Maize C.9 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** Wheat
C.10 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** pome fruit C.11 ALS Sulfonylureas
etc.*** stone fruit C.12 ALS Sulfonylureas etc.*** citrus C.13
ACCase +++ Cotton C.14 ACCase +++ Rice C.15 ACCase +++ Brassica
C.16 ACCase +++ Potatoes C.17 ACCase +++ Tomatoes C.18 ACCase +++
Cucurbits C.19 ACCase +++ Soybeans C.20 ACCase +++ Maize C.21
ACCase +++ Wheat C.22 ACCase +++ pome fruit C.23 ACCase +++ stone
fruit C.24 ACCase +++ citrus C.25 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Cotton Mesotrion C.26 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Rice Mesotrion C.27 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Brassica Mesotrion C.28 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Potatoes Mesotrion C.29 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Tomatoes Mesotrion C.30 HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol,
Sulcotrion, Cucurbits Mesotrion C.31 HPPD Isoxaflutol,
Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, Soybeans Mesotrion C.32 HPPD Isoxaflutol,
Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, Maize Mesotrion C.33 HPPD Isoxaflutol,
Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, Wheat Mesotrion C.34 HPPD Isoxaflutol,
Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, pome fruit Mesotrion C.35 HPPD
Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, stone fruit Mesotrion C.36
HPPD Isoxaflutol, Isoxachlotol, Sulcotrion, citrus Mesotrion C.37
Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Cotton C.38 Nitrilase Bromoxynil,
Ioxynil Rice C.39 Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Brassica C.40
Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Potatoes C.41 Nitrilase Bromoxynil,
Ioxynil Tomatoes C.42 Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Cucurbits C.43
Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Soybeans C.44 Nitrilase Bromoxynil,
Ioxynil Maize C.45 Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil Wheat C.46
Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil pome fruit C.47 Nitrilase Bromoxynil,
Ioxynil stone fruit C.48 Nitrilase Bromoxynil, Ioxynil citrus C.49
IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Cotton C.50 IPS
Chloroactanilides &&& Rice C.51 IPS Chloroactanilides
&&&s Brassica C.52 IPS Chloroactanilides
&&& Potatoes C.53 IPS Chloroactanilides &&&
Tomatoes C.54 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Cucurbits C.55
IPS Chloroactanilides &&& Soybeans C.56 IPS
Chloroactanilides &&& Maize C.57 IPS Chloroactanilides
&&& Wheat C.58 IPS Chloroactanilides &&&
pome fruit C.59 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& stone fruit
C.60 IPS Chloroactanilides &&& citrus C.61 HOM
2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Cotton C.62 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Rice C.63 HOM
2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Brassica C.64 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Potatoes C.65
HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Tomatoes C.66 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Cucurbits
C.67 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Soybeans C.68 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Maize
C.69 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P Wheat C.70 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P pome
fruit C.71 HOM 2,4-D,Mecoprop-P stone fruit C.72 HOM
2,4-D,Mecoprop-P citrus C.73 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Cotton
C.74 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Rice C.75 PROTOX Protox
inhibitors /// Brassica C.76 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Potatoes
C.77 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Tomatoes C.78 PROTOX Protox
inhibitors /// Cucurbits C.79 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Soybeans
C.80 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// Maize C.81 PROTOX Protox
inhibitors /// Wheat C.82 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// pome fruit
C.83 PROTOX Protox inhibitors /// stone fruit C.84 PROTOX Protox
inhibitors /// citrus C.85 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate
Cotton C.86 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate Rice C.87 EPSPS
Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate Brassica C.88 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or
Sulphosate Potatoes C.89 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate
Tomatoes C.90 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate Cucurbits C.91
EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate Soybeans C.92 EPSPS Glyphosate
and/or Sulphosate Maize C.93 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate
Wheat C.94 EPSPS Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate pome fruit C.95 EPSPS
Glyphosate and/or Sulphosate stone fruit C.96 EPSPS Glyphosate
and/or Sulphosate citrus C.97 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos
Cotton C.98 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Rice C.99 GS
Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Brassica C.100 GS Gluphosinate and/or
Bialaphos Potatoes C.101 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Tomatoes
C.102 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Cucurbits C.103 GS
Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Soybeans C.104 GS Gluphosinate and/or
Bialaphos Maize C.105 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos Wheat C.106
GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos pome fruit C.107 GS Gluphosinate
and/or Bialaphos stone fruit C.108 GS Gluphosinate and/or Bialaphos
citrus Abbreviations: Acetyl-COA Carboxylase: ACCase Acetolactate
Synthase: ALS Hydroxyphenylpyruvat dioxygenase: HPPD Inhibition of
protein synthesis: IPS Hormone mimic: HO Glutamine Synthetase: GS
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase: PROTOX 5-Enolpyruvyl-3-Phosphoshikimate
Synthase: EPSPS ***Included are Sulfonylureas, Imidazolinones,
Triazolopyrimidines, Dimethoxypyrimidines and N-Acylsulfonamides:
Sulfonylureas such as Chlorsulfuron, Chlorimuron, Ethamethsulfuron,
Metsulfuron, Primisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Triasulfuron,
Cinosulfuron, Trifusulfuron, Oxasulfuron, Bensulfuron, Tribenuron,
ACC 322140, Fluzasulfuron, Ethoxysulfuron, Fluzasdulfuron,
Nicosulfuron, Rimsulfuron, Thifensulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron,
Clopyrasulfuron, NC 330, # Azimsulfuron, Imazosulfuron,
Sulfosulfuron, Amidosulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron, CGA 362622
Imidazolinones such as lmazamethabenz, Imazaquin, Imazamethypyr,
Imazethapyr, Imazapyr and Imazamox; Triazolopyrimidines such as DE
511, Flumetsulam and Chloransulam; Dimethoxypyrimidines such as
Pyrithiobac, Pyriminobac, Bispyribac and Pyribenzoxim. +++ Tolerant
to Diclofop-methyl, Fluazifop-P-butyl, Haloxyfop-P-methyl,
Haloxyfop-P-ethyl, Quizalafop-P-ethyl, clodinafop propargyl,
fenoxaprop-ethyl, - Tepraloxydim, Alloxydim, Sethoxydim,
Cycloxydim, Cloproxydim, Tralkoxydim, Butoxydim, Caloxydim,
Clefoxydim, Clethodim. &&& Chloroacetanilides such as
Alachlor Acetochlor, Dimethenamid /// Protox inhibitors: For
instance diphenyethers such as Acifluorfen, Aclonifen, Bifenox,
Chlornitrofen, Ethoxyfen, Fluoroglycofen, Fomesafen, Lactofen,
Oxyfluorfen; Imides such as Azafenidin, Carfentrazone-ethyl,
Cinidon-ethyl, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Flumioxazin, Fluthiacet-methyl,
Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Pentoxazone, Sulfentrazone, Imides and
others, such as Flumipropyn, Flupropacil, Nipyraclofen and
Thidiazimin; and further Fluazolate and Pyraflufen-ethyl
Biological Examples
[0103] Table 39: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0104] Table 40: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agrotis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0105] Table 41: A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0106] Table 42: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0107] Table 43: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Chilo comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0108] Table 44: A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0109] Table 45: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Cnephalocrocis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0110] Table 46: A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0111] Table 47: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Cydia comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0112] Table 48: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0113] Table 49: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Earias comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0114] Table 50: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Ephestia comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0115] Table 51: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heliothis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0116] Table 52: A method of controlling Hellula undalis comprising
the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0117] Table 53: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0118] Table 54: A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0119] Table 55: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0120] Table 56: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana comprising
the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0121] Table 57: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0122] Table 58: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pandemis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0123] Table 59: A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0124] Table 60: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0125] Table 61: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pieris comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0126] Table 62: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0127] Table 63: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Scirpophaga comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0128] Table 64: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sesamia comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0129] Table 65: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0130] Table 66: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0131] Table 67: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tortrix comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0132] Table 68: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni comprising
the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0133] Table 69: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agriotes comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0134] Table 70: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0135] Table 71: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Curculio comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0136] Table 72: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0137] Table 73: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0138] Table 74: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0139] Table 75: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0140] Table 76: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0141] Table 77: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0142] Table 78: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0143] Table 79: A method of controlling representatives of the
family Aphididae comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0144] Table 80: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aphis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0145] Table 81: A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising
the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0146] Table 82: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Empoasca comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0147] Table 83: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Mycus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0148] Table 84: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0149] Table 85: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0150] Table 86: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0151] Table 87: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Psylla comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0152] Table 88: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0153] Table 89: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0154] Table 90: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0155] Table 91: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0156] Table 92: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Oscinella comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0157] Table 93: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phorbia comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0158] Table 94: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Frankliniella comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0159] Table 95: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Thrips comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0160] Table 96: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0161] Table 97: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aceria comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0162] Table 98: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aculus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0163] Table 99: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0164] Table 100: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Panonychus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0165] Table 101: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0166] Table 102: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0167] Table 103: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heterodera comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0168] Table 104: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Abamectin to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0169] Table 105: A method of controlling Mamestra brassica
comprising the application of Abamectin to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0170] Table 106: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Emamectin-Benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0171] Table 107: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agrotis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0172] Table 108: A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0173] Table 109: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0174] Table 110: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Chilo comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0175] Table 111: A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0176] Table 112: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Cnephalocrocis comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0177] Table 113: : A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0178] Table 114: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Cydia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0179] Table 115: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0180] Table 116: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Earias comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0181] Table 117: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Ephestia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0182] Table 118: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heliothis of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0183] Table 119: A method of controlling Hellula undalis
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0184] Table 120: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0185] Table 121: A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0186] Table 122: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0187] Table 123: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0188] Table 124: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0189] Table 125: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pandemis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0190] Table 126: A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0191] Table 127: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0192] Table 128: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pieris comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0193] Table 129: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0194] Table 130: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Scirpophaga comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0195] Table 131: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sesamia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0196] Table 132: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0197] Table 133: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0198] Table 134: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tortrix comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0199] Table 135: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0200] Table 136: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agriotes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0201] Table 137: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0202] Table 138: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Curculio comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0203] Table 139: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0204] Table 140: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0205] Table 141: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0206] Table 142: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0207] Table 143: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0208] Table 144: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0209] Table 145: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0210] Table 146: A method of controlling representatives of the
family Aphididae comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0211] Table 147: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aphis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0212] Table 148: A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising
the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0213] Table 149: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Empoasca comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0214] Table 150: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Mycus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0215] Table 151: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0216] Table 152: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0217] Table 153: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0218] Table 154: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Psylla comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0219] Table 155: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0220] Table 156: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0221] Table 157: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0222] Table 158: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0223] Table 159: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Oscinella comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to
a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination
of the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the
crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the
table C.
[0224] Table 160: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phorbia comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0225] Table 161: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Frankliniella comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0226] Table 162: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Thrips comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0227] Table 163: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii
comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally
resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active
principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be
protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0228] Table 164: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aceria comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0229] Table 165: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aculus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0230] Table 166: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0231] Table 167: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Panonychus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0232] Table 168: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of
Emamectin-benzoate to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop,
wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by the
transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0233] Table 169: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0234] Table 170: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heterodera comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0235] Table 171: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Emamectin-benzoate
to a herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the
combination of the active principle expressed by the transgenic
plant and the crop to be protected against the pest correspond to a
line of the table C.
[0236] Table 172: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Adoxophyes comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0237] Table 173: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agrotis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0238] Table 174: A method of controlling Alabama argillaceae
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0239] Table 175: A method of controlling Anticarsia gemmatalis
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0240] Table 176: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Chilo comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0241] Table 177: A method of controlling Clysia ambiguella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0242] Table 178: A method of controlling Crocidolomia binotalis
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0243] Table 179: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Cydia comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0244] Table 180: A method of controlling Diparopsis castanea
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0245] Table 181: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Earias comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0246] Table 182: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Ephestia comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0247] Table 183: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heliothis of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0248] Table 184: A method of controlling Hellula undalis
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0249] Table 185: A method of controlling Keiferia lycopersicella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0250] Table 186: A method of controlling Leucoptera scitella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0251] Table 187: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lithocollethis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0252] Table 188: A method of controlling Lobesia botrana
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0253] Table 189: A method of controlling Ostrinia nubilalis
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0254] Table 190: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pandemis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0255] Table 191: A method of controlling Pectinophora gossypiella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0256] Table 192: A method of controlling Phyllocnistis citrella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0257] Table 193: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pieris comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0258] Table 194: A method of controlling Plutella xylostella
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0259] Table 195: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Scirpophaga comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0260] Table 196: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sesamia comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0261] Table 197: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Sparganothis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0262] Table 198: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Spodoptera comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0263] Table 199: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tortrix comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0264] Table 200: A method of controlling Trichoplusia ni
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0265] Table 201: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Agriotes comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0266] Table 202: A method of controlling Anthonomus grandis
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0267] Table 203: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Curculio comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0268] Table 204: A method of controlling Diabrotica balteata
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0269] Table 205: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Leptinotarsa comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0270] Table 206: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lissorhoptrus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0271] Table 207: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Otiorhynchus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0272] Table 208: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleurothrixus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0273] Table 209: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aleyrodes comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0274] Table 210: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aonidiella comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0275] Table 211: A method of controlling representatives of the
family Aphididae comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0276] Table 212: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aphis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0277] Table 213: A method of controlling Bemisia tabaci comprising
the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant transgenic
crop, wherein the combination of the active principle expressed by
the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected against the pest
correspond to a line of the table C.
[0278] Table 214: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Empoasca comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0279] Table 215: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Mycus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0280] Table 216: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nephotettix comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0281] Table 217: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Nilaparvata comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0282] Table 218: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Pseudococcus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0283] Table 219: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Psylla comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0284] Table 220: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Quadraspidiotus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0285] Table 221: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Schizaphis comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0286] Table 222: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Trialeurodes comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0287] Table 223: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Lyriomyza comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0288] Table 224: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Oscinella comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0289] Table 225: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phorbia comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0290] Table 226: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Frankliniella comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0291] Table 227: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Thrips comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0292] Table 228: A method of controlling Scirtothrips aurantii
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
[0293] Table 229: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aceria comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0294] Table 230: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Aculus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0295] Table 231: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Brevipalpus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0296] Table 232: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Panonychus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0297] Table 233: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Phyllocoptruta comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0298] Table 234: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Tetranychus comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0299] Table 235: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Heterodera comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0300] Table 236: A method of controlling representatives of the
genus Meloidogyne comprising the application of Spinosad to a
herbicidally resistant transgenic crop, wherein the combination of
the active principle expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop
to be protected against the pest correspond to a line of the table
C.
[0301] Table 237: A method of controlling Mamestra brassica
comprising the application of Spinosad to a herbicidally resistant
transgenic crop, wherein the combination of the active principle
expressed by the transgenic plant and the crop to be protected
against the pest correspond to a line of the table C.
Example B1
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0302] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin CryIIIA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of
emamectin-benzoate respectively. After the spray coating has dried
on, the cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus
grandis, 10 Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens
larvae respectively and introduced into a plastic container.
Evaluation takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction
in population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising emamectin-benzoate and
conventional CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100,
50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively. In this test, the control of the
tested insects in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is
insufficient in the non-transgenic plant.
Example B2
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0303] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin CryIIIA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of abamectin
respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton
plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10
Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae
respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation
takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in
population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising abamectin and conventional
CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm respectively. In this test, the control of the tested insects
in the transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in
the non-transgenic plant.
Example B3
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0304] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin CryIIIA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of spinosad
respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton
plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10
Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae
respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation
takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in
population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising spinosad and conventional
CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm respectively.
[0305] In this test, the control of the tested insects in the
transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the
non-transgenic plant.
Example B4
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0306] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin CryIIIA are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of spinosad
respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton
plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10
Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae
respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation
takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in
population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising spinosad and conventional
CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm respectively.
[0307] In this test, the control of the tested insects in the
transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the
non-transgenic plant.
Example B5
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0308] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin Cryla(c) are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of abamectin
respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the cotton
plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10
Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae
respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation
takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in
population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising abamectin and conventional
CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm respectively.
[0309] In this test, the control of the tested insects in the
transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the
non-transgenic plant.
Example B6
Action Against Anthonomus grandis Adults, Spodoptera littoralis or
Heliothis virescens
[0310] Young transgenic cotton plants which express the
.delta.-endotoxin Cryla(c) are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion
spray mixture comprising 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of emamectin
benzoate respectively. After the spray coating has dried on, the
cotton plants are populated with 10 adult Anthonomus grandis, 10
Spodoptera littoralis larvae or 10 Heliothis virescens larvae
respectively and introduced into a plastic container. Evaluation
takes place 3 to 10 days later. The percentage reduction in
population, or the percentage reduction in feeding damage (%
action), is determined by comparing the number of dead beetles and
the feeding damage on the transgenic cotton plants with that of
non-transgenic cotton plants which have been treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising emamectin benzoate and
conventional CryIIIA-toxin at a concentration of in each case 100,
50, 10, 5, 1 ppm respectively.
[0311] In this test, the control of the tested insects in the
transgenic plant is superior, while it is insufficient in the
non-transgenic plant.
Example B7
Action Against Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera spp. or Heliothis
spp.
[0312] A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut.RTM. and an
adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with
conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia
nubilalis, Spodoptera spp. or Heliothis, are sprayed with an
aqueous emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm of spinosad. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated with
an emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of
the endotoxin expressed by KnockOut.RTM.. Evaluation takes place 6
days later. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is
determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the plants of
plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
[0313] Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera spp. or
Heliothi is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b)
shows a control level of not over 80%.
Example B8
Action Against Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis
sp
[0314] A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut.RTM. and an
adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with
conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia
nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis, are sprayed with an aqueous
emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50,10, 5,1 ppm of
abamectin. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated with an
emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1 ppm of the
endotoxin expressed by KnockOut.RTM.. Evaluation takes place 6 days
later. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is
determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the plants of
plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
[0315] Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or
Heliothis is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b)
shows a control level of not over 80%.
Example B9
Action Against Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis
sp
[0316] A plot (a) planted with maize cv. KnockOut.RTM. and an
adjacent plot (b) of the same size which is planted with
conventional maize, both showing natural infestation with Ostrinia
nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or Heliothis, are sprayed with an aqueous
emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50,10, 5, 1 ppm of
emamectin benzoate. Immediately afterwards, plot (b) is treated
with an emulsion spray mixture comprising 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1
ppm of the endotoxin expressed by KnockOut.RTM.. Evaluation takes
place 6 days later. The percentage reduction in population (%
action) is determined by comparing the number of dead pests on the
plants of plot (a) with that on the plants of plot (b).
[0317] Improved control of Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera sp or
Heliothis is observed on the plants of plot (a), while plot (b)
shows a control level of not over 80%.
[0318] The invention further relates to (B) A method of protecting
plant propagation material and plant organs formed at a later point
in time from attack by pests, characterized in that a pesticide
comprising, as pesticidally active compound, at least one macrolide
compound, especially abamectin, emamectin or spinosad in free form
or in agrochemically utilizable salt form as active ingredient and
at least one auxiliary in close spatial proximity to, or spatially
together with, planting or applying the propagation material is
employed to the site of planting or sowing;
[0319] the corresponding use of these compounds, corresponding
pesticides whose active ingredient is selected from amongst these
compounds, a method of producing and using these compositions, and
plant propagation material thus protected against attack by
pests.
[0320] The macrolides used according to the invention are known to
those skilled in the art. They are the classes of substances as
mentioned under invention part (A). Abamectin and emamectin are
preferred.
[0321] Agrochemically utilizable salts of the macrolides according
to the invention are, for example, the same as under invention part
(A).
[0322] In the case of abamectin, the free form is preferred in the
frame of invention part (B). Especially preferred within the scope
of the invention part (B) is a method in which emamectin is
employed in free form or as agrochemically acceptable salt;
especially as salt; in particular as the benzoate, substituted
benzoate, benzenesulphonate, citrate, phosphate, tartrate or
maleate; preferably as the benzoate or benzenesulphonate,
especially preferably as the benzoate.
[0323] The scope of the subject-matter of the invention (B) extends
in particular to representatives of the classes Insecta, Arachnida
and Nematoda.
[0324] These are mainly insects of the order Lepidoptera, for
example Acleris spp., Adoxophyes spp., Aegeria spp., Agrotis spp.,
Alabama argillaceae, Amylois spp., Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips
spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Astylus atromaculatus, Autographa spp.,
Busseola fusca, Cadra cautella, Carposina nipponensis, Chilo spp.,
Choristoneura spp., Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocrocis spp.,
Cnephasia spp., Cochylis spp., Coleophora spp., Crocidolomia
binotalis, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, Cydia spp., Diatraea spp.,
Diparopsis castanea, Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Eucosma spp.,
Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., Euxoa spp., Grapholita spp.,
Hedya nubiferana, Heliothis spp., Hellula undalis, Heteronychus
arator, Hyphantria cunea, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucoptera
scitella, Lithocollethis spp., Lobesia botrana, Lymantria spp.,
Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma spp., Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta,
Operophtera spp., Ostrinia nubilalis, Pammene spp., Pandemis spp.,
Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phthorimaea operculella,
Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp.,
Scirpophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp.,
Synanthedon spp., Thaumetopoea spp., Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni
and Yponomeuta spp.; of the order Coleoptera, for example Agriotes
spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis,
Cosmopolites spp., Curculio spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp.,
Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata,
Lissorhoptrus spp., Melolontha spp., Orycaephilus spp.,
Otiorhynchus spp., Phlyctinus spp., Popillia spp., Psylliodes spp.,
Rhizopertha spp., Scarabeidae, Sitophilus spp., Sitotroga spp.,
Tenebrio spp., Tribolium spp. and Trogoderma spp.; of the order
Orthoptera, for example Blatta spp., Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa
spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Periplaneta spp. and
Schistocerca spp.; of the order Psocoptera, for example Liposcelis
spp.; of the order Anoplura, for example Haematopinus spp.,
Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. und Phylloxera
spp.; of the order Mallophaga, for example Damalinea spp. and
Trichodectes spp.; of the order Thysanoptera, for example
Frankliniella spp., Hercinothrips spp., Taeniothrips spp., Thrips
palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips aurantii; of the order
Heteroptera, for example Cimex spp., Distantiella theobroma,
Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp. Eurygaster spp. Leptocorisa spp.,
Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis,
Scotinophara spp. and Triatoma spp.; of the order Homoptera, for
example Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Aonidiella
spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Bemisia tabaci,
Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus
dictyospermi, Coccus hesperidum, Empoasca spp., Eriosoma larigerum,
Erythroneura spp., Gascardia spp., Laodelphax spp., Lecanium corni,
Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphus spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp.,
Nilaparvata spp., Paratoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Planococcus spp.,
Pseudaulacaspis spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pulvinaria
aethiopica, Quadraspidiotus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia
spp., Scaphoideus spp., Schizaphis spp., Sitobion spp.,
Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza erytreae and Unaspis citri; of
the order Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex, Atta spp., Cephus
spp., Diprion spp., Diprionidae, Gilpinia polytoma, Hoplocampa
spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion spp.,
Solenopsis spp. and Vespa spp.; of the order Diptera, for example
Aedes spp., Antherigona soccata, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora
erythrocephala, Ceratitis spp., Chrysomyia spp., Culex spp.,
Cuterebra spp., Dacus spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Fannia spp.,
Gastrophilus spp., Glossina spp., Hypoderma spp., Hyppobosca spp.,
Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Melanagromyza spp., Musca spp.,
Oestrus spp., Orseolia spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami,
Phorbia spp., Rhagoletis pomonella, Sciara spp., Stomoxys spp.,
Tabanus spp., Tannia spp. and Tipula spp.; of the order
Siphonaptera, for example Ceratophyllus spp. and Xenopsylla
cheopis; or of the order Thysanura, for example Lepisma
saccharina.
[0325] Amongst the class Arachnida, they are preferably
representatives of the order Acarina, for example Acarus siro,
Aceria sheldoni, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp.,
Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Calipitrimerus
spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus carpini,
Eriophyes spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus pratensis,
Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora,
Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp.,
Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp. and Tetranychus
spp.
[0326] Especially preferred is the control of insects of the orders
Coleoptera and Lepidoptera; in the order Colepotera especially the
genera and species Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Atomaria
linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Diabrotica spp. and Leptinotarsa
decemlineata; in the order Lepidoptera the genera and species
Adoxophyes spp., Agrotis spp., Alabama argillaceae, Anticarsia
gemmatalis, Chilo spp., Cydia spp., Ephestia spp., Heliothis spp.,
Keiferia lycopersicella, Mamestra brassicae, Pectinophora
gossypiella, Plutella xylostella, Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp.,
Tortrix spp., and Trichoplusia.
[0327] A further preferred subject according to the invention part
(B) is the control of representatives of the class Nematoda, such
as root knot nematodes, stem eelworms and foliar nematodes;
especially Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera schachtii,
Heterodora avenae and Heterodora trifolii; Globodera spp., for
example Globodera rostochiensis; Meloidogyne spp., for example
Meloidogyne incoginita and Meloidogyne javanica; Radopholus spp.,
for example Radopholus similis; Pratylenchus, for example
Pratylenchus neglectans and Pratylenchus penetrans; Tylenchulus,
for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans; Longidorus, Trichodorus,
Xiphinema, Ditylenchus, Aphelenchoides and Anguina, in particular
Meloidogyne, for example Meloidogyne incognita, and Heterodera, for
example Heterodera glycines.
[0328] The macrolides used according to the invention (B) are
preventatively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the
fields of insect control, even at low application rates, while
being well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish, beneficials and
plants. The active ingredients used according to the invention are
effective against all or individual development stages of normally
sensitive, but also resistant, pests. The action of the active
ingredients used according to the invention may become apparent
directly, i.e. in the form of destruction of the pests, which
occurs immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example
during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example as a reduced oviposition
and/or hatching rate, the good action corresponding to a
destruction rate (mortality) of at least 50 to 60%. With the aid of
the active ingredients used in accordance with the invention part
(B), it is possible to control, i.e. contain or destroy, pests
which occur on plant propagation material, mainly on propagation
material of useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in
horticulture and in forests, and even plant organs which grow at a
later point in time are still protected from these pests, that is
to say the protection lasts, for example, until resistant mature
plants have developed, and where the propagation material, or the
plants developing therefrom, are protected not only from pests
which attack the aerial plant organs, but also from soil-dwelling
pests.
[0329] Suitable plant propagation material in the invention part
(B), that is, for example, seedlings, rhizomes, nursery plants,
cuttings or, in particular seed (seeds), such as fruit, tubers,
kernels or bulbs, are, in particular, propagation material of
cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum;
beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pome fruit,
stone fruit and soft fruit, for example apples, pears, plums,
peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries,
raspberries and blackberries; legumes, such as beans, lentils, peas
or soya beans, oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies,
olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor-oil plants, cacao or peanuts;
cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants,
such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges,
lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach,
lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions, tomatoes,
potatoes or capsicums; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or
camphor; or tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg plants, sugar cane, tea,
pepper, grapevines, hops, Musaceae, latex plants or ornamentals;
especially of cereals, rice, cotton, maize, soya beans, oilseed
rape, vegetables, potatoes, sunflowers, sugar beet and sorghum.
[0330] The genetically modified propagation material is preferably
propagation material, in particular seed, which contains one or
more genes expressing a pesticidal resistance, in particular an
insecticidal or acaricidal, but also a fungicidal or nematocidal,
resistance, which make the plant resistant to herbicides, which
lead to increased resistance to plant diseases or which introduce
other agronomically advantageous properties into the plant. Such
plants, or their propagation material, are in particular those
which contain a gene derived from a Bacillus thuringiensis and
which encode an insecticidally active protein or contain a gene.
These are, especially, genetically modified plant propagation
materials of potatoes, alfalfa, cereals, such as wheat, barley,
rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; legumes, such as beans, lentils,
peas or soya beans; beet such as sugar or fodder beet; oil crops,
such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers,
coconut, castor-oil plant, cacao or peanuts; cucurbits, such as
pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax,
hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or
mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage
species, carrots, onions or tomatoes.
[0331] Examples of the genetically modified plant propagation
material mentioned are, for example, the commercially available
products Maximizer.RTM. (KnockOut.RTM.), Yieldgard.RTM., Roundup
Ready Soybeans.RTM., TC Blend.RTM. or NuCOTN 33B.RTM., all of which
are known to those skilled in the art.
[0332] Other fields of application for the active ingredients used
in accordance with the invention part (B) are, for example, the
protection of stored products or stores or in the hygiene sector;
in particular the protection of domestic animals or productive
livestock from pests.
[0333] The invention of subject-matter (B) therefore also relates
to corresponding pesticides for use, to be selected depending on
the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances, such as
emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly
sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute
emulsions, sprayable powders, soluble powders, dispersible powders,
wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric
substances which comprise--at least--one of the active ingredients
used in accordance with the invention, and to the use of these
insecticidal compositions for use in a method. Preferred is a
composition which comprises only one macrolide compound, especially
emamectin or a salt thereof.
[0334] In these compositions, the active ingredient is employed in
pure form, for example a solid active ingredient in a particular
particle size or, preferably, together with--at least--one of the
auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as
extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as
surface-active compounds (surfactants).
[0335] Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers,
surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants and anionic surfactants in the compositions employed in
accordance with the invention are, for example, those which have
been described in EP-A-736 252.
[0336] Liquid formulations for the treatment of plant propagation
material according to invention part (B), especially of seed,
comprise, for example, surface-active substances (1-15% by weight),
such as ethoxylated tristyrenephenols and their salts, alkyl
polyglycol ether ethoxylates, polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene
copolymers, the sodium salt of lignosulphonic acid, salts of
polynaphthalenesulphonic acid and alkylbenzenesulphonic acid
triethanolamine salt; antifreeze agents (5-15%), such as, for
example, DL-propane-1,2-diol or propane-1,2,3-triol; colourants
(1-10%), such as pigments or water-soluble dyes; antifoams
(0.05-1%), such as polydimethylsiloxane; coatings (1-10%), such as
polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyacrylate; preservatives (0.1-1%), such as
1,2-benzoisothiazol-3-one; thickeners (0.1-1%), such as
heteropolysaccharide; and solvents, such as water.
[0337] Solid formulations for the treatment of plant propagation
material, especially of seed, comprise, for example: surface-active
substances (1-10%), such as alkyl polyglycol ether ethoxylate,
polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene copolymers, the sodium salt of
lignosulphonic acid, salts of polynaphthalenesulphonic acid;
colourants (1-10%), such as pigments or water-soluble dyes;
antifoams (0.05-1%), such as polydimethylsiloxane; coatings
(1-10%), such as polyethylene glycol or cellulose; and carriers (to
100% w/w), such as silica powder, talc powder, clays and the
like.
[0338] As a rule, the compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, in
particular 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, in
particular 5 to 99.9%, of--at least--one solid or liquid auxiliary,
it being possible, as a rule, for 0 to 25%, in particular 0.1 to
20%, of the compositions to be surfactants (% is in each case per
cent by weight). While concentrated compositions are more preferred
as commercially available goods, the end consumer will use, as a
rule, dilute compositions having much lower concentrations of
active ingredient. Preferred compositions, such as emulsifiable
concentrations, dusts, suspension concentrates, wettable powders
and granules have, for example, those compositions which are
mentioned in EP-A-736 252.
[0339] The compositions according to the invention part (B) can
also comprise other solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as
stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils
(for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil),
antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity
regulators, binders and/or tackifiers, and also fertilizers or
other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for
example bactericides, nematicides, molluscides or selective
herbicides.
[0340] The action of the compositions according to the invention
part (B) can be broadened considerably by adding other, for example
insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active,
ingredients and adapted to prevailing circumstances. Suitable
additions of insecticidally and acaricidally active ingredients
are, for example, representatives of the following classes of
active ingredients: organophosphorus compounds, nitrophenols and
derivatives, formamidines, triazine derivatives, nitroenamine
derivatives, nitro- and cyanoguanidine derivatives, ureas,
benzoylureas, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons and
Bacillus thuringiensis products. Especially preferred components in
mixtures are NI-25, TI-304, TI-435, MTI-446, fipronil, lufenuron,
pyripfoxyfen, thiacloprid, fluxofenime; imidacloprid, thiamethoxam,
fenoxycarb, diafenthiuron, pymetrozine, diazinon, disulphoton;
profenofos, furathiocarb, cyromazin, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate,
tefluthrin or Bacillus thuringiensis products, very especially
NI-25, TI-304, TI-435, MTI-446, fipronil, thiacloprid,
imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and tefluthrin.
[0341] Examples of suitable additions of fungicidally active
ingredients are the following compounds: azoxystrobin; bitertanol;
carboxin; Cu.sub.2O; cymoxanil; cyproconazole; cyprodinil;
dichlofluamid; difenoconazole; diniconazole; epoxiconazole;
fenpiclonil; fludioxonil; fluquiconazole; flusilazole; flutriafol;
furalaxyl; guazatin; hexaconazole; hymexazol; imazalil;
imibenconazole; ipconazole; kresoxim-methyl; mancozeb; metalaxyl;
R-metalaxyl; metconazole; oxadixyl, pefurazoate; penconazole;
pencycuron; prochloraz; propiconazole; pyroquilone; SSF-109;
spiroxamin; tebuconazole; teflutrin; thiabendazole; tolifluamide;
triazoxide; triadimefon; triadimenol; triflumizole; triticonazole
and uniconazole.
[0342] The compositions to be used according to the invention part
(B) are prepared in a known manner, for example in the absence of
auxiliaries by grinding and/or screening, for example to a
particular particle size, or by compressing a solid active
ingredient, and in the presence of at least one auxiliary, for
example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient
with the auxiliary/auxiliaries. These methods for preparing the
compositions according to the invention and the use of macrolides
for preparing these compositions are also subjects of the
invention.
[0343] The application methods according to the invention part (B)
for the protection of plant propagation material, which, in
accordance with the invention, is any plant material capable of
developing complete plants after planting or sowing to the site of
planting or sowing, for example seedlings, rhizomes, nursery
plants, cuttings or, in particular, seed (seeds), such as fruits,
tubers, kernels or bulbs, against attack by pests are characterized
in that, for example, suitable compositions are applied in such a
manner that they are applied in close spatial proximity to, or
spatially together with, planting or sowing the propagation
material to the site of planting or sowing. Application of these
compositions in close spatial proximity to planting or sowing the
propagation material to the site of planting or sowing takes place
in accordance with the invention, preferably prior to planting or
sowing the propagation material, by applying the compositions by
soil application directly to the site where the propagation
material has been planted or sown, for example preferably prior to
sowing into the seed furrow or to a closely delimited area around
the site of planting or sowing the propagation material.
Application of such compositions, which takes place spatially
together with planting or applying the propagation material to the
site of planting or sowing is to be understood as meaning that
propagation material which has been pretreated with these
compositions is planted or sown at the site of planting or sowing,
it being possible, depending on the intended aims and prevailing
circumstances, for the pretreatment of the propagation material to
be effected for example by spraying, atomizing, dusting or
scattering the compositions over the propagation material or
brushing or pouring the compositions over the propagation material
or, in the event of seed, in particular also by dressing the seed.
When carrying out seed dressing, which is preferred according to
the invention, i.e. dry seed, wet seed-dressing, liquid
seed-dressing or slurry dressing, a suitable pesticide is added to
the seed prior to sowing in a seed-dressing apparatus and the
composition is distributed uniformly over the seed, for example by
stirring the contents of the seed-dressing apparatus and/or by
rotating and/or shaking the entire seed-dressing apparatus.
Particular embodiments of such a seed-dressing treatment comprise,
for example, immersing the seed in a liquid composition, coating
the seed with a solid composition (seed coating) or by achieving
penetration of the active ingredient into the seed by adding the
composition to the water used for pre-soaking the seed (seed
soaking). Typical application rates for the compositions used in
the seed-dressing treatment according to the invention are, for
example, between 0.1 and 100 g of active ingredient per 100 kg of
seed, in particular between 1 and 60 g/100 kg of seed, preferably
between 4 and 40 g/100 kg of seed.
[0344] The seed-dressing treatment according to invention part (B)
comprises, in particular, that due to the low toxicity of the
active ingredient used, good tolerance by birds of the dressed seed
is observed, for example, in the case of birds which, being
seed-eaters in the open countryside, tend to take seed from freshly
seeded fields, such as buntings, blackbirds, thrushes, ducks,
pheasants, finches, geese, linnets, chickens, crows, skylarks,
tits, seagulls, ravens, partridges, wood pigeons, goldfinches,
pigeons or siskins. The seed-dressing treatment according to the
invention also extends to the dressing of stored seed.
[0345] The commercial plant propagation material which has been
pretreated according to invention part (B) is another subject of
the invention.
[0346] Examples of formulations of macrolide compounds which can be
used in the method according to the invention (B), that is to say
solutions, granules, dusts, sprayable powders, emulsion
concentrates, coated granules and suspension concentrates, are of
the type as has been described in, for example, EP-A-580 553,
Examples F1 to F10.
Example F1
General Procedure for Liquid Seed Dressing
[0347] The required amount of liquid formulation is placed into an
Erlenmeyer flask. The flask is shaken to distribute the liquid on
the entire bottom of the vessel. The required amount of seed is
introduced into the flask immediately thereafter. The flask is
shaken vigorously by hand for approximately one minute so that all
the seed is covered with liquid. The contents of the flask are
turned out onto a drying rack and dried in an oven.
Example F2
General Procedure for Dry Seed Dressing
[0348] Various wide-necked flasks are each filled with the same
number of seed kernels, and each flask is charged with such an
amount of wettable powder that the desired amount of active
ingredient per seed kernel (for example 0.03, 0.1 or 0.3 mg per
kernel) is obtained. The flasks are placed on a roller and rotated
for three minutes at 80 rotations/minute. The seed kernels which
are attached to the walls of the flasks are then disengaged by
shaking by hand, and the flasks are rotated in the opposite
direction for three minutes.
Biological examples (%=Per Cent by Weight, Unless Otherwise
Specified)
Example B4
Seed-dressing Action Against First-instar Larvae of Spodoptera
littoralis on Maize Leaves
[0349] Maize seeds which have been dressed as described in
procedure F1 are sown. 12, 19, 26, 33, 40 and 47 days after sowing,
sections 5 to 8 cm in length of the top-most leaves of the plants
are placed in glass beakers and infested with a predetermined
quantity of a suspension of freshly hatched L1 larvae of Spodoptera
littoralis. The beakers are closed with a lid and kept at
25.degree. C., a relative atmospheric humidity of 60% and a
day-light cycle of 16 hours. Evaluation takes place three to five
days after infestation. The percentage reduction in population (%
action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving larvae
on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated
seeds.
Example B5
Seed-dressing Action Against Adult Diabrotica balteata on Sugar
Beet Leaves
[0350] Seeds of sugar beet which have been dressed as described in
procedure F1 are sown. 33, 40, 47, 54 and 61 days after sowing, the
leaves of in each case three to 5 plants are placed in a glass
beaker and infested with a predetermined number of young adult
Diabrotica balteata. The beakers are closed with a lid and kept at
25.degree. C., a relative atmospheric humidity of 60% and 16 hours
of daylight. Evaluation takes place three to five days after
infestation. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is
determined by comparing the number of surviving Diabrotica adults
on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated
seeds.
Example B6
Seed-dressing Action Against Third-instar Larvae of Diabrotica
balteata on Maize Roots
[0351] Maize seeds which have been treated as described in
procedure F1 are sown. 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing, in each
case five third-instar larvae of Diabrotica balteata are placed on
the bottom of each plant pot. Evaluation takes place 6 days after
infestation. The data registered are the number of surviving
instars (larvae and pupae) in the stem of the plants, on the soil
surface and in the soil. The percentage reduction in population (%
action) is determined by comparing the number of surviving larvae
and pupae on the plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated
seeds and their environment.
Example B7
Seed-dressing Action Against Aphis fabae
[0352] A glass flask or a plastic container is filled with 100 g of
bean seeds and such an amount of a formulation of the active
ingredient that a ratio of 0.1, 1 or 10 g of active ingredient per
kg of seed is achieved. The active ingredient is distributed
uniformly on the seed surface by rotating and/or shaking the
container. The seeds which have been dressed in this way are sown
in flowerpots (3 seeds per pot). The plantlets are grown in a
greenhouse at 25 to 30.degree. C. until they have reached the
2-leaf stage and then populated with Aphis fabae. 6 days after
population, the test is evaluated. The percentage reduction in
population (% action) is determined by comparing the number of
surviving individuals on the plants grown from dressed seeds and
from untreated seeds.
[0353] In this test, a good action is shown by abamectin, emamectin
and spinosad.
Example B8
Seed-dressing Action Against Myzus Persicae
[0354] A glass flask or a plastic container is filled with 100 g of
sugar beet seeds and such an amount of a pasty formulation of the
active ingredient, prepared with a sprayable powder and a little
water, that a ratio of 0.1, 1 or 10 g of active ingredient per kg
of seed is achieved. The closed seed-dressing container is agitated
on a roller until the paste is distributed uniformly on the seed
surface. The seeds which have been dressed (coated) in this way are
dried and sown into loess soil in plastic pots. The seedlings are
grown in a greenhouse at 24 to 26.degree. C., a relative
atmospheric humidity of 50 to 60% and a daily illumination time of
14 hours. 4 weeks after germination, the plants, which are 10 cm
high, are populated with a mixed population of Myzus persicae.
Evaluation takes place 2 and 7 days after the plants have been
populated. The percentage reduction in population (% action) is
determined by comparing the number of surviving individuals on the
plants grown from dressed seeds and from untreated seeds.
[0355] In this test, a good action is shown by abamectin, emamectin
and spinosad.
[0356] The invention further relates to (C) A method of controlling
wood pests and molluscs, characterized in that a pesticidally
active amount of a pesticide comprising, as pesticidally active
compound, at least one macrolide, preferably abamectin, emamectin
or spinosad, in free form or agrochemically utilizable salt form,
as active ingredient and at least one auxiliary is applied to the
pests or their environment; to the corresponding use of these
compounds, to corresponding pesticides whose active ingredient is
selected from amongst these compounds, to a process for the
preparation of and to the use of these compositions, and to plant
propagation material thus protected from attack by pests.
[0357] The macrolides used in accordance with the invention are the
same as mentioned under the aspect (A) of the invention. Also the
salt are as mentioned under invention part (A). In the case of
abamectin, the free form is preferred in accordance with the
invention. Especially preferred for the purposes of the present
invention is a composition which comprises emamectin in free form
or as an agrochemically tolerated salt as the only pesticidally
active component; especially as the salt; more especially as the
benzoate, substituted benzoate, benzenesulphonate, citrate,
phosphate, tartrate or maleate; preferably as the benzoate or
benzenesulphonate, especially preferably as the benzoate.
[0358] A larger number of different classes of active ingredient
are mentioned in the literature as arthropodecidally acting active
ingredients for controlling gastropods and termites. Surprisingly,
it has now been found that the compounds known under the collective
term macrolides, too, exhibit an important molluscicidal and
termiticidal activity, specifically against gastropods, such as
slugs and snails, and against wood pests, in particular
representatives of the order of Isoptera.
[0359] The molluscs include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A.
ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus); Bradybaenidae
(Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis);
Cochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D.
reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G.
trunculata); Helicella (H. itala, H. obvia); Helicidae (Helicigona
arbustorum); Helicodiscus; Helix (H. aperta); Limax (L.
cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus);
Lymnaea; Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi); Opeas;
Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides.
[0360] The termites include, in particular, the families
Hodotermitidae, Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae.
Other pests which damage wood by feeding on wood, using it as a
substrate or reproducing on wood, are to be understood as meaning,
for example, wood-boring insects such as representatives of the
family Lyctidae, the family Apidae, for example Xylocopa virginica,
and of the family Anobiidae, such as Anobium punctatum.
[0361] Slugs and snails as pests in horticulture and agriculture
are a massively increasing problem. They can cause severe plant
damage by feeding, and can also bring about undesirable soiling by
slug and snail mucus and faeces. Novel changes in the management of
crops have led to an increased number in varieties of plant species
which are sensitive to slugs and snails, and the obligation to
dispense with burning stubble fields--which is based on an
ecological approach--and to plough in the straw instead suggests
that the existing mollusc problems, especially slug problems, will
be made worse.
[0362] Termites are capable of inflicting substantial damage to
buildings in particular at geographical latitudes of between
42.degree. N and 42 S.degree.. In principle, two types of termites
can be distinguished:
[0363] Termites which live in the subsoil--the most widely
distributed type--require warm air and a moist environment. In
order always to have available the necessary moisture, these
termites must have direct access to the moist soil. Damage caused
by subterranean termites is virtually always associated with damage
to wood.
[0364] Termites which use dry wood as their substrate
represent--even though less frequently--a large problem since they
do not require contact with the moist soil. They penetrate into
buildings underneath roof shingles, through gaps and through
ventilation holes. Others are brought into households with items of
furniture which are already infested. Pretreatment of the wood is
considered the most efficient method of controlling such termites.
The damages of termites living on dry wood are caused more slowly
than damages of termites living in a moist environment, therefore,
damage caused by termites of the first-mentioned type is found
predominantly in old buildings.
[0365] Damage caused by termites living subterraneously in a humid
environment can be prevented by the application of insecticidally
active substances to the termites or their environment. Such
compounds are conventionally employed mainly for application to the
soil around the buildings.
[0366] Gastropodicides which are currently commercially available
comprise metaldehyde and carbamates such as, for example,
methiocarb. Carbamates are highly effective as molluscicides, but
exhibit the serious disadvantage of being highly toxic to mammals
such as, for example, cats, dogs and hedgehogs, and other organisms
such as, for example, earthworms, which should be left unharmed.
While the metaldehyde molluscicides exhibit a lower toxicity, they
are not lethal to molluscs but have an anaestheticizing or
dehydrating effect, thus immobilizing the pests. There is therefore
a demand for a useful molluscicide which is highly effective
against, for example, slugs and snails, but has no, or a very low,
toxic effect on beneficials such as, for example, earthworms, and
mammals. This object is achieved with the macrolides of the present
invention.
[0367] Also, the currently available compositions for controlling
termites are not satisfactory in all respects since generally
relatively large zones around building constructions, or these
buildings themselves, must be treated with large amounts of
insecticide. This can lead to secondary problems, in particular in
the case of persistent pesticides, especially in houses. Here too,
there is therefore a further demand for improved solutions, in
particular by applying active ingredients which can be employed in
particularly low quantities and which have low volatility.
[0368] The invention part (C) therefore also relates to pesticides
such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates,
directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes,
dilute emulsions, sprayable powders, soluble powders, dispersible
powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules, pellets or
encapsulations in polymeric substances, all of which are to be
chosen to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances
and which comprise--at least--one of the active ingredients
according to the invention.
[0369] The active ingredient is employed in these compositions in
pure form, for example a solid active ingredient in a particular
particle size, or, preferably, together with--at least--one of the
auxiliaries or carriers conventionally used in formulation
technology.
[0370] Examples of formulation auxiliaries are solid carriers,
solvents, stabilizers, slow-release auxiliaries, colorants and, if
appropriate, surface-active substances (surfactants). Suitable
carriers and auxiliaries are all substances conventionally used in
crop protection products, in particular in gastropodicides.
Suitable auxiliaries such as solvents, solid carriers,
surface-active compounds, non-ionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, anionic surfactants and other auxiliaries in the
compositions employed in accordance with the invention are, for
example, those which have been described in EP-A-736'252.
[0371] Other suitable substances which can be used as carriers for
molluscicides are phago-stimulants, that is to say the attractants
and/or food (that is to say substances which can be utilized
physiologically by slugs and snails) usually contained in slug and
snail bait formulations. Mixtures of phagostimulants with other
suitable organic and/or inorganic carriers may also be used.
[0372] Suitable phagostimulants for molluscicides are preferably:
ground cereals, such as, for example, wheat flour, barley flour,
rye flour, and also rice starch, crushed soya beans, fish meal,
molasses, crushed rapeseed and the like. It is possible to employ
either only one phagostimulant or else a mixture of
phagostimulants.
[0373] To make the bait more palatable for the molluscs, one or
more of the following substances can be used as additive for slug
and snail baits:
[0374] a) a vitamin B, in particular B1, B2, nicotinic acid or
nicotinamide;
[0375] b) vitamin E;
[0376] c) animal or vegetable proteinaceous material, for example
albumins and their hydrolytic degradation products, in particular
those obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by, for example, pepsin,
such as metaproteins, proteoses, peptones, polypeptides, peptides,
diketopiperazines and amino acids;
[0377] d) one or more amino acids or salts or amides thereof, which
may also be synthetic products;
[0378] e) a nucleic acid or a hydrolytic degradation product
thereof, such as a nucleotide, a nucleoside, adenine, guanine,
cytosine, uracile or thymine;
[0379] f) urea, carbamic acid;
[0380] g) an ammonium salt, for example ammonium acetate;
[0381] h) an amino sugar, for example, glucosamine or
galactosamine;
[0382] i) compounds of sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, or
traces of compounds of manganese, copper, iron, cobalt, zinc,
aluminium, boron or molybdenum, in particular chelates of these,
such as Versene.RTM.;
[0383] j) phosphoric acid, or glyceryl or sugar phosphates;
[0384] k) water.
[0385] Stabilizers may be all known food stabilizers which have a
fungistatic, fungicidal, bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal action,
such as sodium benzoate, methyl p-hydroxy-benzoate,
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, citric acid, tartaric acid, sorbic
acid, phenols, alkylphenols or chlorinated phenols.
[0386] Slow-release auxiliaries which may be employed include, in
addition to the substances mentioned as solid carriers, resins such
as urea/formaldehyde resins, soya-bean meal, waxes, stearates and
oils such as castor oil.
[0387] Substances which can be employed as auxiliaries for
molluscicides according to part (C) of the invention are, for
example, binders such as methylcellosolve, polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, natural waxes,
chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes, sugars, starch,
alginates, agar, lignosulphonates and gum arabic, humectants such
as polyalcohols, for example sugars or glycerol, preservatives,
colorants, snail and slug attractants, repellents for warm-blooded
species and/or other formulation auxiliaries. Combinations with
known molluscicidally active ingredients, for example metaldehyde
or mercaptodimethur, are also possible.
[0388] The formulation steps can be complemented by kneading,
granulating (granules) and, if appropriate, compressing (pills,
tablets, pellets).
[0389] The molluscicidal compositions which preferably comprise,
other carriers and/or auxiliaries in addition to the active
ingredient are preferably present in the ready-to-use form as
sprayable powders, tracking powders, as granules (the active
ingredient being present as a mixture with the carrier material),
or as pellets. Especially preferred formulations are tracking
powders, granules or pellets.
[0390] Formulations which are specifically suitable for controlling
molluscs according to part (C) of the invention are granules or
pellets which comprise, as a rule, 0 to 90%, preferably 0 to 70%,
of carrier material, 0.1 to 10%, preferably 1 to 5%, of active
ingredient, 10 to 95%, preferably 25 to 90%, of phagostimulant, 0.5
to 25%, preferably 5 to 20%, of binder and, if appropriate, 0 to
15% of other auxiliaries (% is in each case per cent by
weight).
[0391] The amount to be applied in each case as gastropodicide is
not critical, due to the lack of, or low, toxicity to warm-blooded
species and depends on the prevailing circumstances, such as
severity of infestation, climatic conditions and the plants to be
protected. The application rate of bait types according to the
invention can be varied within a substantial range. In general,
between 3 and 15 kg of snail and slug bait are used per hectare,
preferably between 5 and 10 kg per hectare. Expediently, the
gastropodicides are distributed as uniformly as possible between
the crop plants by spraying an aqueous suspension or by spreading
the powders, granules or pellets on the soil. If the plant canopy
is not dense, it may also be expedient to establish "trapping
strips" around the plants to be protected.
[0392] Since the gastropodicides according to the invention are
outstandingly well tolerated by plants, no limitations apply to the
plants to be protected. Thus, all ornamentals and crop plants in
agriculture, forests and horticulture (also in greenhouses) in all
growth stages can be protected from slug and snail damage.
[0393] The formulation and the use of the slug and snail baits
according to the invention and of the compositions for controlling
wood pests can be seen from the examples which follow.
[0394] The compositions to be used according to the invention part
(C) for controlling gastropods and wood pests are prepared in the
known manner, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding
and/or straining, for example to obtain a particular particle size,
or by compressing a solid active ingredient, and in the presence of
at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or
grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary/auxiliaries.
These processes for the preparation of the compositions according
to the invention and the use of the macrolides for the preparation
of these compositions are also the subject of the invention.
[0395] As a rule, the compositions in the frame of part (C) of the
invention comprise 0.1 to 99%, in particular 0.1 to 95%, of active
ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, in particular 5 to 99.9%, of--at
least--one solid or liquid auxiliary, it being possible, as a rule,
for surfactants to account for 0 to 25%, in particular 0.1 to 20%,
of the compositions (% is in each case per cent by weight). While
concentrated compositions are more preferred as commercially
available goods, the consumer uses, as a rule, dilute compositions
which have much lower concentrations of active ingredient.
[0396] The activity of the compositions according to the invention
can be widened considerably by adding other, for example
insecticidally, acaricidally and/or fungicidally active ingredients
and adapted to the prevailing circumstances. Examples of suitable
added active ingredients are the same as mentioned under part (B)
of the invention.
[0397] In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the
macrolide compound is used for controlling the termites and other
wood-destroying pests in the soil, thus achieving an indirect
protection of timber constructions. An amount of the macrolide
sufficient to control the pests is applied to the soil, preferably
at an application rate of 1 g to 2000 g per hectare, especially 2
to 200 g, in particular 5 to 100 g.
[0398] Worker termites must work on the pesticide-treated soil to
gain access to the wood. Inevitably, they will take up some of the
pesticide and carry it back to the termite colony and thus spread
the active ingredient in the termite colony.
[0399] The active ingredient(s) can also be applied in the form of
baits, for example in the form of tablets which comprise the active
ingredient, such as are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,096,710.
Especially preferably, the macrolide is applied to materials which
are used by the termites as food and building materials for the
termite colony. Examples of such materials are board, paper, wood
dust, cellulose powder or cotton. Useful concentrations on these
materials are 0.01 to 10,000 ppm. Such baits are especially
efficient even when pheromones are additionally employed and wood
is used which has already been attacked by fungi. Such uses are
discussed, for example, in in U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,443.
[0400] The macrolides according to the invention part (C) are
preventatively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients with a
very favourable biocidal spectrum in the field of mollusc and
wood-pest control, even at low use concentrations, and are well
tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants. The active
ingredients according to the invention are active against all or
individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also
resistant, molluscs and wood pests, especially termites. The
molluscicidal action of the active ingredients according to the
invention may manifest itself directly, i.e. in destruction of the
pests, either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, or
indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching
rate, the good action corresponding to a destruction rate
(mortality) of at least 50 to 60%.
[0401] Using the active ingredients according to the invention part
(C), it is possible to control, i.e. contain or destroy, mollusc
damage in particular on plants, mainly on useful plants and
ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or
pests of the abovementioned type which occur on organs of such
plants, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots
and in some cases even plant organs which grow at a later point in
time are still protected from these pests.
[0402] Suitable target crops for mollusc control are, in
particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize
or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example
pome fruit, stone fruit and soft fruit, such as apples, pears,
plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example
strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; legumes such as beans,
lentils, peas or soya beans; oil crops such as oil seed rape,
mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconuts, castor, cacao or
peanuts; the marrow family, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons;
fibre plants such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruits such
as oranges, lemons, grapefruits or tangerines; vegetables such as
spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbage species, carrots, onions,
tomatoes, potatoes, or capsicums; the laurel family such as
avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and tobacco, nuts, coffee, egg
plants, sugar cane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the banana
family, latex plants and ornamentals.
[0403] Other fields of application for the active ingredients
according to the invention part (C) are the protection of stored
products and stores and of materials from molluscs and wood
pests.
[0404] The compositions according to the invention part (C) are
also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for
example seed, such as fruits, tubers or kernels, or plant
propagules, from gastropods and termites, especially gastropods.
The propagation material can be treated with the composition prior
to planting, for example seed prior to sowing. Alternatively, the
active ingredients according to the invention can be applied to
seed kernels (coating) either by soaking the kernels in a liquid
composition or by coating them with a solid composition.
Alternatively, the composition can be applied to the site of
planting when the propagation material is being planted, for
example into the seed furrow during sowing. These treatment methods
for plant propagation material and the plant propagation material
treated thus are further subjects of the invention.
[0405] The examples which follow are intended to illustrate part
(C) of the invention. They do not impose any limitation
thereto.
FORMULATION EXAMPLES
Example F3
Preparation of Slug Pellets
[0406] 40 kg of crushed rapeseed (ratio of extracted/non-extracted
crushed rapeseed=65:35), 2.6 kg of a finely ground premix
comprising 2.1 kg of macrolide and 500 g of highly-disperse silica,
4.7 kg of cold crosslinked cornstarch, 540 g of urea/formaldehyde
resin, 100 g of isopropanol, 3 kg of sugar beet molasses and 140 g
of blue colorant (1,4-di(isobutylamino)a- nthraquinone) are
introduced in succession into a mixer and mixed intimately. This is
followed by compression moulding. The product is left to cool and
dry, and fines are removed using a 0.5 mm screen. This gives a
ready-to-use slug and snail bait formulation.
[0407] Instead of the abovementioned compression moulding method,
another, customary compacting method may also be used for preparing
the slug and snail bait formulation.
Use Examples
Example A1
Test for Determining the Efficacy of Slug and Snail Pellets Against
Deroceras reticulatum
[0408] The efficacy of slug and snail pellets against small slug
species, for example Deroceras species, is tested in polycarbonate
boxes with a 17 cm.times.22 cm base. The bottom of the box is
covered with several layers of cellulose paper which is moistened
sufficiently. The slug and snail pellets are scattered uniformly
over one half of the test area at an application rate of 20
particles; the other half remains untreated. To avoid forced
behaviour, the slugs are additionally given untreated supplementary
feed: two potato halves arranged in diagonally opposite corners of
the box. 10 adult reticulated field slugs (Derocers reticulatum)
are introduced to the untreated area of each box. Each test is
replicated three times. Temperature and atmospheric humidity are
kept virtually constant during the entire test period: 190 and 90
to 95% relative atmospheric humidity. The state of the slugs is
checked and scored daily on seven consecutive days. When assessing
the efficacy, the mortality rate and the number of animals which
show symptoms of damage are taken into consideration.
[0409] In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are
very effective.
Example A2
Test for Determining the Efficacy of Slug and Snail Pellets Against
Arion rufus
[0410] The efficacy of slug and snail pellets against larger slug
species is tested in plastic test boxes equipped with a wire mesh.
Each box has a base of 0.25 m.sup.2. The bottom of the box is
covered by a 2 to 3 cm deep layer of potting compost. The potting
compost is moistened sufficiently before the beginning of the
experiment. Slug and snail pellets are scattered uniformly over the
left half of the experimental area at an application rate of 3.1 g;
the right half remains untreated. To avoid forced behaviour, the
slugs are additionally given untreated supplementary feed: two
potato halves arranged in diagonally opposite corners of the box.
10 adult red slugs (Arion rugus) are introduced to the untreated
area of each box. Each test is replicated four times. Temperature
and atmospheric humidity are kept virtually constant during the
entire test period: 190 and 90 to 95% relative atmospheric
humidity. The state of the slugs is checked and scored daily on
seven consecutive days. When assessing the efficacy, the mortality
rate and the number of animals which show symptoms of damage are
taken into consideration.
[0411] In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are
very effective.
Example A3
Test for Determining Systemic Efficacy Against Deroceras
reticulatum
[0412] a) Lettuce Plants
[0413] A test solution is prepared by dissolving a macrolide sample
in 1 ml of acetone and making up the solution with water to 50 ml.
The roots, previously cleaned with fresh water, of young lettuce
plants 6 cm in height are immersed for at least two days in this
solution. For each test, individual leaves are excised from these
lettuce plants and placed on a paper filter in a 9 cm Petri dish. 1
ml of water is pipetted onto each paper filter to keep the leaves
moist during the experiment. Then, two medium-sized slugs are
introduced into each Petri dish and the amount of consumed leaves
and the mortality is determined over a period of two days.
[0414] In this test, the macrolides according to the invention show
a good action.
[0415] b) Seed
[0416] Batches of 10 slugs are introduced into 5 sealed boxes
containing compost and having a base of 35 cm.times.20 cm. In each
case 100 treated winter wheat kernels are scattered uniformly into
four boxes. In the fifth box, 50 treated winter wheat kernels are
distributed over one side of the box and 50 untreated winter wheat
kernels over the other side of the box to test the repellent
action.
[0417] In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are
very effective.
Example A4
Action Against Termites
[0418] Wood baits are treated with different amounts of macrolide,
and their effect on hatching rate and survival of termites is
tested. Solutions with concentrations of 0 ppm, 0.1 ppm, 100 ppm
and 1000 ppm of the test substance in acetone are used. Water is
used in the control study. The baits consist of pine wood which
have been kept in a natural environment for four months.
[0419] The termites are collected from infested pieces of wood in
the open. To carry out the wood bait study, the wood is kept for 48
hours in an oven at 80.degree. C. The dried wood is then weighed,
and the pieces are placed for 18 hours in solutions of the active
ingredient at the desired concentration. The pieces of wood are
then removed from the solutions, dried in the air and reweighed. To
determine the action of the baits against termites, the pieces of
wood thus treated are placed on a thin layer of untreated soil in
Petri dishes.
[0420] The termites (50 workers and 2 soldiers) are introduced into
each Petri dish. The dishes are inspected three times per week,
over a period of 8 weeks. Insect development, abnormalities and
mortalities are recorded. After 8 weeks, the logs are rinsed with
water and dried again in an oven for 48 hours at 80.degree. C.
Again, the weight of each piece of wood is subsequently determined.
The weight differential corresponds to the amount of the wood
consumed by the termites.
[0421] In this test, the macrolides according to the invention are
very effective.
* * * * *