U.S. patent application number 10/397167 was filed with the patent office on 2003-12-04 for method for the treatment or prevention of flaviviridea viral infection using nucleoside analogues.
This patent application is currently assigned to BioChem Pharma Inc.. Invention is credited to Storer, Richard.
Application Number | 20030225037 10/397167 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26859616 |
Filed Date | 2003-12-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030225037 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Storer, Richard |
December 4, 2003 |
Method for the treatment or prevention of Flaviviridea viral
infection using nucleoside analogues
Abstract
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a
method for treating or preventing a Flaviviridea viral infection in
a host comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount
of at least one compound of formula (I) or (II) 1 or or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Ra, R, Z and Y
are defined in the application.
Inventors: |
Storer, Richard; (Baie
d'Urfe, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MILLEN, WHITE, ZELANO & BRANIGAN, P.C.
2200 CLARENDON BLVD.
SUITE 1400
ARLINGTON
VA
22201
US
|
Assignee: |
BioChem Pharma Inc.
Laval
CA
|
Family ID: |
26859616 |
Appl. No.: |
10/397167 |
Filed: |
March 27, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10397167 |
Mar 27, 2003 |
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09704832 |
Nov 3, 2000 |
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6566365 |
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60163394 |
Nov 4, 1999 |
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60163405 |
Nov 4, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/81 ;
514/263.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 31/505 20130101;
A61K 31/415 20130101; A61K 38/208 20130101; A61K 31/53 20130101;
A61K 31/52 20130101; A61K 38/21 20130101; A61K 45/06 20130101; A61K
2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101;
A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 31/52 20130101;
A61K 31/53 20130101; A61K 38/21 20130101; A61P 31/14 20180101; A61K
31/505 20130101; A61K 38/208 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/81 ;
514/263.23 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/675; A61K
031/52 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A method for treating or preventing a Flaviviridae viral
infection in a host comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of at least one compound having the formula I or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 79wherein: R is H,
--NR.sub.2R.sub.3 or OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-8cycloalkyl;
R.sub.3 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl; R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; and Ra is chosen from H, monophosphate,
diphosphate, triphosphate, carbonyl substituted with a C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl and
80wherein each Rc is independently chosen from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and an hydroxy protecting
group; wherein said nucleoside is present in the form of the (-)
enantiomer, (+) enantiomer and mixtures thereof, including racemic
mixtures.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein R is NH.sub.2, H or OH.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein R is NH.sub.2 or OH.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein R is OH.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein R is --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 wherein
R.sub.2 is cycloropyl and R.sub.3 is H.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein Ra is chosen from H,
monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein Ra is chosen from monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein Ra is triphosphate.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein Ra is H.
10. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said compound of
formula I of the present invention is substantially in the form of
the (-) enantiomer.
11. The method of claim 1 which comprises administering at least
one compound chosen from: Compound 1
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclo-
propylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 2
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-diox-
olane; Compound 3
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-puri-
ne-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 4
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-- purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 5 cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl- )-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 6 cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxo- lane;
Compound 7
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-
-dioxolane; or Compound 8
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-- dioxolane.
12. The method of claim 1 which comprises administering at least
one compound chosen from Compound 1(-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyc-
lopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 2(-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-diox-
olane; Compound 3(-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-p-
urine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 4(-)
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-di- amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 5(-) cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(gua- nin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 6) (-) cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-
-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 7(-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-
-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; or Compound 8(-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'ami- no-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane.
13. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein said Flaviviridae
viral infection is hepatitis C (HCV).
14. The method as defined in claim 10 wherein said Flaviviridae
viral infection is hepatitis C (HCV).
15. The method as defined in claim 11 wherein said Flaviviridae
viral infection is hepatitis C (HCV).
16. The method as defined in claim 12 wherein said Flaviviridae
viral infection is hepatitis C (HCV).
17. A method for treating or preventing a hepatitis C viral
infection in a host comprising administering to the host a
therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according
to formula I as defined in claim 1 and at least one further
antiviral agent.
18. The method according to claim 17 wherein the antiviral agent is
chosen from viral serine protease inhibitor, viral polymerase
inhibitor and viral helicase inhibitor.
19. The method according to claim 17 wherein the antiviral agent
chosen from interferon (IFN), interferon .alpha.-2a, interferon
.alpha.-2b, consensus interferon (CIFN), ribavirin, amantadine,
rimantadine, interleukine-12, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA),
glycyrrhizin and silybum marianum.
20. The method according to claim 17 wherein the antiviral agent
chosen from interferon .alpha. and ribavirin.
21. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a
hepatitis viral C infection comprising administering at least one
compound according to formula I as defined in claim 1 together with
at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
22. A method for inhibiting or reducing the activity of viral
polymerase in a host comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of at least one compound having the formula I:
81or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: R is H,
--NR.sub.2R.sub.3 or OR.sub.4 wherein R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.3 is H or a
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.4 is
H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; and Ra is
chosen from H, monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate, carbonyl
substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl and 82wherein each Rc is independently
chosen from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl and an hydroxy protecting group; wherein said nucleoside is
present in the form of the (-) enantiomer,(+) enantiomer and
mixtures thereof, including racemic mixtures.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein said viral polymerase is a HCV
polymerase.
24. A method for treating or preventing a Flaviviridea viral
infection in a host comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of at least one compound having the formula II or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 83wherein Z is H,
--NR'.sub.2R.sub.3' or OR.sub.4' wherein R.sub.2' is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.3' is H or a
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.4'is
H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; and Y is
N or C--X; X is chosen from of H, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, CN, CF.sub.3, N.sub.3,
NO.sub.2, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.6-10 heteroaryl and CORb wherein
Rb is chosen from of H, OH, SH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
aminoalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl; and Ra is
chosen from of H, monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate,
carbonyl substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, and 84wherein each Rc are
independently chosen from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and an hydroxy protecting group, wherein said
compound is in the form of a single enantiomer or a mixture thereof
including racemic mixtures.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein said compound of formula II of
the present invention is substantially in the form of the (+)
enantiomer.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein sais-compound of formula II of
the present invention is substantially in the form of the (-)
enatiomer.
27. The method of claim 24 wherein Ra is chosen from H,
monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate.
28. The method of claim 24 wherein Ra is chosen from monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
29. The method of claim 24 wherein Ra is triphosphate.
30. The method of claim 24 wherein Ra is H.
31. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X.
32. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl, or
Halogen.
33. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
halogen.
34. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
F.
35. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is H or F.
36. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is H.
37. The method of claim 24 wherein Y is C--X and X is F.
38. The method of claim 24 wherein Z is OH.
39. The method of claim 24 wherein Z is NH.sub.2.
40. The method of claim 25 wherein Ra is chosen from H,
monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate.
41. The method of claim 25 wherein Ra is chosen from monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
42. The method of claim 25 wherein Ra is triphosphate.
43. The method of claim 25 wherein Ra is H.
44. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X.
45. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl, or
Halogen.
46. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
halogen.
47. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
F.
48. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is H or F.
49. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is H.
50. The method of claim 25 wherein Y is C--X and X is F.
51. The method of claim 25 wherein Z is OH.
52. The method of claim 25 wherein Z is NH.sub.2.
53. The method of claim 26 wherein Ra is chosen from H,
monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate.
54. The method of claim 26 wherein Ra is chosen from monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
55. The method of claim 26 wherein Ra is triphosphate.
56. The method of claim 26 wherein Ra is H.
57. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X.
58. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl, or
Halogen.
59. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
halogen.
60. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is H, methyl or
F.
61. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is H or F.
62. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is H.
63. The method of claim 26 wherein Y is C--X and X is F.
64. The-method of claim 26 wherein Z is OH.
65. The method of claim 26 wherein Z is NH.sub.2.
66. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane (Compound
#17 (+)).
67. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound #18 (+)).
68. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(-)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound #18 (-)).
69. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound #19 (+)).
70. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane(.beta.-D-
-) (compound#20) (+)
71. The method of claim 24 wherein the compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thiminyl)-1,3-dioxolane (-D-)
(compound#21) (+)
72. The method of claim 24 wherein said Flaviviridea viral
infection is hepatitis C.
73. A method for treating or preventing a hepatitis C viral
infection in a host comprising administering to the host a
therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according
to formula II as defined in claim 24 and at least one further
antiviral agent.
74. The method according to claim 73 wherein the further antiviral
agent is chosen from of viral serine protease inhibitor, viral
polymerase inhibitor and viral helicase inhibitor.
75. The method according to claim 73 wherein the antiviral agent is
chosen from interferon (IFN), interferon .alpha.x-2a, interferon
.alpha.-2b, consensus interferon (CIFN), ribavirin, amantadine,
rimantadine, interleukine-12, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA),
glycyrrhizin and silybum marianum.
76. The method according to claim 73 wherein the antiviral agent
chosen from interferon .alpha. and ribavirin.
77. A pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a
hepatitis viral C infection comprising administering at least one
compound according to formula II as defined in claim 73 together
with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or
excipient.
78. A method for inhibiting or reducing the activity of viral
polymerase in a host comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of at least one compound having the formula II or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: 85wherein Z is H,
--NR.sub.2'R.sub.3' or OR.sub.4' wherein R.sub.2' is H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, or C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.3' is H or a
C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; R.sub.4'is
H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl; and Y is
N or C--X; X is chosen from of H, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, CN, CF.sub.3, N.sub.3,
NO.sub.2, C.sub.6-10 aryl, C.sub.6-10 heteroaryl and CORb wherein
Rb is chosen from of H, OH, SH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6
aminoalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl; and Ra is
chosen from of H, monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate,
carbonyl substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, and 86wherein each Rc are
independently chosen from H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and an hydroxy protecting group, wherein said
compound is in the form of a single enantiomer or a mixture thereof
including racemic mixtures.
79. The method of claim 78 wherein said viral polymerase is a HCV
polymerase.
Description
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. application Ser.
No. 60/163,405 and U.S. application Ser. No. 60/163,394 filed Nov.
4, 1999 which are herein incorporated by reference
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a method for the treatment
or prevention Flaviviridae viral infection using nucleoside
analogues.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Hepatitis is a disease occurring throughout the world. It is
generally of viral nature, although there are other causes known.
Viral hepatitis is by far the most common form of hepatitis. Nearly
750,000 Americans are affected by hepatitis each year, and out of
those, more than 150,000 are infected with the hepatitis C virus
(HCV).
[0004] HCV is a positive-stranded RNA virus belonging to the
Flaviviridae family and has closest relationship to the
pestiviruses that include hog cholera virus and bovine viral
diarrhea virus (BVDV). HCV is believed to replicate through the
production of a complementary negative-strand RNA template. Due to
the lack of efficient culture replication system for the virus, HCV
particles were isolated from pooled human plasma and shown, by
electron microscopy, to have a diameter of about 50-60 nm. The HCV
genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of about 9,600 bp
coding for a polyprotein of 3009-3030 amino-acids, which is
cleaved, post-translationally by cellular and two viral proteinases
into mature viral proteins (core, E1, E2, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B,
NS5A/ NS5B). It is believed that the structural proteins, E1 and
E2, the major glycoproteins are embedded into a viral lipid envelop
and form stable heterodimers. The structural core protein interacts
with the viral RNA genome to form the nucleocapsid. The genes or
regions designated NS2 to NS5 code for nonstructural proteins some
of which have enzymatic functions involved in virus replication and
protein processing including a polymerase, protease and
helicase.
[0005] The main sources of contamination with HCV is blood. The
magnitude of the HCV infection as a health problem is illustrated
by the prevalence among high-risk groups. For example, 60% to 90%
of hemophiliacs and more than 80% of intravenous drug abusers in
western countries are chronically infected with HCV. For
intravenous drug abusers, the prevalence varies from about 28% to
70% depending on the population studied. The proportion of new HCV
infections associated with post-transfusion has been markedly
reduced lately due to advances in diagnostic tools used to screen
blood donors.
[0006] The treatment currently available for HCV infection is
interferon (IFN), ribavirin, and a combinaison of the two
(REBETRON). However, according to different clinical studies, only
70% of treated patients normalize alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
levels in the serum and after discontinuation of IFN, 35% to 45% of
these responders relapse. In general, only 20% to 25% of patients
have long-term responses to IFN. On the other hand, pilot studies
suggest that combination treatment with IFN plus Ribavirin (RIBA)
results in sustained response in the majority of patients.
Different genotypes of HCV respond differently to IFN therapy,
genotype 1b is more resistant to IFN therapy than type 2 and 3.
[0007] There is therefore a great need for the development of
therapeutic agent for treating or preventing Flaviviridae viral
infection.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides a method for treating or
preventing a Flaviviridea viral infection in a host comprising
administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one
compound selected from: 2
or
[0009] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
[0010] wherein:
[0011] R is H, --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 or OR.sub.4 wherein
[0012] R.sub.2 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.3-8cycloalkyl;
[0013] R.sub.3 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl;
[0014] R.sub.4 is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl; and
[0015] Z is H, OR.sub.4', or --NR.sub.2'R.sub.3' wherein:
[0016] R.sub.2' is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, C.sub.3-8cycloalkyl,
[0017] R.sub.3' is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, or
C.sub.2-6 alkynyl;
[0018] R.sub.4' is H, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6
alkynyl; and
[0019] and;
[0020] Y is N or C--X;
[0021] X is chosen from of H, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6
alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, CN, CF.sub.3, N.sub.3, NO.sub.2,
C.sub.6-10 aryl,. C.sub.6-10 heteroaryl and CORb
[0022] wherein Rb is chosen from of H, OH, SH, C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.1-6
[0023] aminoalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy and C.sub.1-6 thioalkyl;
[0024] and Ra is chosen from of H, monophosphate, diphosphate,
triphosphate, carbonyl substituted with a C.sub.1-6 alkyl,
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.6-10 aryl, and 3
[0025] wherein each Rc are independently chosen from H, C.sub.1-6
alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and an hydroxy
protecting group,
[0026] wherein said nucleoside is present in the form of the (-)
enantiomer, the (+) enantiomer or mixtures thereof, including
racemic mixtures.
[0027] The present invention provides a method for treating a
Flaviviridea viral infection in a host comprising administering a
therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound as
described in the present application.
[0028] The present invention provides a method for preventing a
Flaviviridea viral infection in a host comprising administering a
therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound as
described in the present application.
[0029] The present invention provides a method for reducing the
biological activity of a Flaviviridea viral infection in a host
comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of at
least one compound as described in the present application.
[0030] In another aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical
formulation comprising the compound of the invention in combination
with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0031] Still another aspect, there is provided a method for
treating or preventing a Flaviviridea viral infection in a host
comprising administering to the subject a combination comprising at
least one compound according to formula I or formula II and at
least one further therapeutic agent.
[0032] In another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound
according to formula I, for the preparation of a medicament for
treating or preventing a viral infections in a host.
[0033] In another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound
according to formula II, for the preparation of a medicament for
treating or preventing a viral infection in a host.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0034] In one embodiment, the viral infection is chosen from
Flaviviridea viral infections.
[0035] In one embodiment, the Flaviviridea viral infection is
chosen from of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus
(BVDV), hog cholera and yellow fever.
[0036] In an other embodiment, the Flaviviridea viral infection is
Hepatitis C.
[0037] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method for
inhibiting or reducing the activity of viral polymerase in a host,
when compared to a standard comprising administering a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula
I.
[0038] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method for
inhibiting or reducing the activity of viral polymerase in a host,
when compared to a standard, comprising administering a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula
II.
[0039] In one-embodiment, there is also provided a method for
inhibiting the activity of viral polymerase in a host, when
compared to a standard comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound having the formula I.
[0040] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method for
inhibiting the activity of viral polymerase in a host, when
compared to a standard, comprising administering a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound having the formula II.
[0041] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method for
reducing the activity of viral polymerase in a host, when compared
to a standard comprising administering a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the formula I.
[0042] In one embodiment, there is also provided a method for
reducing the activity of viral polymerase in a host, when compared
to a standard, comprising administering a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the formula II.
[0043] In another embodiment, the viral polymerase is HCV
polymerase.
[0044] In one embodiment, the compounds and methods of the present
invention comprise those wherein the following embodiments are
present, either independently or in combination.
[0045] In one embodiment, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-6alkyl.
[0046] In one embodiment, R.sub.4 is methyl or ethyl.
[0047] In one embodiment, R is NH.sub.2, H or OH.
[0048] In a further embodiment R is NH.sub.2 or OH.
[0049] In a further embodiment R is OH.
[0050] In one embodiment R is --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 wherein R.sub.2 is
C.sub.3-8cycloalkyl and R.sub.3 is H.
[0051] In one embodiment R is --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 wherein R.sub.2 is
C.sub.3-5cycloalkyl and R.sub.3 is H.
[0052] In one embodiment R is --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 wherein R.sub.2 is
cyclopropyl or cyclopentyl and R.sub.3 is H.
[0053] In one embodiment R is --NR.sub.2R.sub.3 wherein R.sub.2 is
cycloropyl and R.sub.3 is H.
[0054] In one embodiment Ra is chosen from H, monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
[0055] In one embodiment Ra is chosen from monophosphate,
diphosphate, and triphosphate.
[0056] In one embodiment Ra is triphosphate.
[0057] In one embodiment Ra is H.
[0058] In one embodiment, Z is H, OH, --NR.sub.2'R.sub.3'
wherein:
[0059] R.sub.2' is H, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl;and
[0060] R.sub.3' is H, or C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
[0061] In one embodiment, R.sub.4' is C.sub.1-6alkyl.
[0062] In one embodiment, R.sub.4' is methyl or ethyl.
[0063] In one embodiment Z is chosen from OH or NH.sub.2.
[0064] In one embodiment Z is OH.
[0065] In another embodiment Z is NH.sub.2.
[0066] In another embodiment, Y is N.
[0067] In another embodiment, Y is C--X.
[0068] In another embodiment, X is H, C.sub.1-6alkyl or
halogen.
[0069] In another embodiment, X is H, methyl or halogen.
[0070] In another embodiment, X is methyl, --HC.dbd.CH.sub.2 and
--C.ident.H
[0071] In another embodiment, X is H or halogen.
[0072] In another embodiment, X is halogen.
[0073] In another embodiment, X is H, methyl or F.
[0074] In another embodiment, X is H or F.
[0075] In another embodiment, X is H.
[0076] In another embodiment, X is F.
[0077] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the
compounds of formula (I) contain at least two chiral centers which
are marked by an asterisk (*) on the general formula (I) or (II)
The compounds of formula (I) and (II) thus exist in the form of two
different optical isomers (i.e. (+) or (-) enantiomers or .beta.-L
and .beta.-D). All such enantiomers and mixtures thereof including
racemic mixtures are included within the scope of the
invention.
[0078] The single optical isomer or enantiomer can be obtained by
method well known in the art, such as chiral synthesis, chiral
HPLC, enzymatic resolution and chiral auxiliary.
[0079] Compounds of the invention include, for compounds having the
structure of the formula I:
[0080] Compound 1
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylamino-puri-
ne-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 1 (-)
(-)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-
-6'-cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; ; Compound 1 (+)
(+)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3--
dioxolane 4
[0081] Compound 2
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purin-
e-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 2 (-)
(-)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino--
6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane Compound 2 (+)
(+)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-d-
ioxolane 5
[0082] Compound 3
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-puri-
ne-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 3 (-)
(-)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-
-6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 3 (+)
(+)cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3--
dioxolane 6
[0083] Compound 4
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-d- ioxolane;
Compound 4 (-) (-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-purin-9'-
-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 4 (+)
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamin-
o-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 7
[0084] Compound 5
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 5 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound.5
(+) (+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 8
[0085] Compound 6
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 6 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 6
(+) (+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 9
[0086] Compound 7
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-purin-9'-yl)-1,-
3-dioxolane; Compound 7 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-p-
urin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 7 (+)
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'ami-
no-6'-chloro-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 10
[0087] Compound 8
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolan- e;
Compound 8 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-diox- olane;
Compound 8 (+)
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-- dioxolane
11
[0088] In a further aspect of the present invention compounds of
the invention include
[0089] Compound 1 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylam-
ino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 12
[0090] Compound 2 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylami-
no-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 13
[0091] Compound 3 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylam-
ino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 14
[0092] Compound 4 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-purin-9'-yl-
)-1,3-dioxolane 15
[0093] Compound 5 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxola- ne 16
[0094] Compound 6 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxola- ne 17
[0095] Compound 7 (-)
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-purin-9-
'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 18
[0096] Compound 8 (-) (-)
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-cycl-
opropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 19
[0097] In a further embodiment, the compounds of the present
invention have a triphosphate group in the 5' position. In a
further aspect of the present invention, the compounds of formula
(I) are represented by:
[0098] Compound 9
triphoshatecis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropy-
lamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 9(-) (-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-di-
oxolane; ; Compound 9(+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxyethyl-4-(2'-amino--
6'-cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 20
[0099] Compound 10 Triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclob-
utylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 10 (-)
(-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dio-
xolane Compound 10 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6-
'-cyclobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 21
[0100] Compound 11 Triphosphate
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclope-
ntylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 11 (-)
(-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-di-
oxolane; Compound 11 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-
-6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 22
[0101] Compound 12 triphosphate
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-purin- -9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 12 (-) (-) -triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 12 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diamino-pu- rin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
23
[0102] Compound 135 Triphosphate
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-- dioxolane; Compound 135
(-) (-)- triphosphate -cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guan-
in-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 13 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 24
[0103] Compound 14 Triphosphate-
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-- dioxolane; Compound 14
(-) (-)-triphosphate -cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-
-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 14 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 25
[0104] Compound 15 Triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro--
purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 15 (-) (-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chloro-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 15 (+) (+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-chlor-
o-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 26
[0105] Compound 16 Triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-y- l)-1,3-dioxolane;
Compound 16 (-) (-)-triphosphate -cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4--
(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane; Compound 16 (+)
(+)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 27
[0106] In a further aspect of the present invention compounds of
the invention include:
[0107] Compound 9 (-)
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'--
cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 28
[0108] Compound 10 (-) triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cy-
clobutylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 29
[0109] Compound 11 (-) (-)- triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino--
6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 30
[0110] Compound 12 (-) (-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-6'-diam- ino-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
31
[0111] Compound 13 (-) (-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(guanin-9'-- yl) -1,3-dioxolane 32
[0112] Compound 14 (-) (-)-triphasphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(adenin-9'-- yl) -1,3-dioxolane 33
[0113] Compound 15 (-) (-)-triphosphate
-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-6'-
-chloro-purin-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 34
[0114] Compound 16 (-) (-)-triphosphate
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'amino-pur- in-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 35
[0115] In a further embodiment of the present invention the
compounds of formula (II) include:
[0116] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (compound#17)
36
[0117] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-L-OddC) (compound#17 (-)). 37
[0118] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl,)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-D-OddC) (compound#17 (+)). 38
[0119] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(5FOddC) (compound#18). 39
[0120] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-L-5FOddC) (compound#18 (-)). 40
[0121] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-D-5FOddC) (compound#18 (+)). 41
[0122] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#19) 42
[0123] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#19 (-)). 43
[0124] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#19 (+)). 44
[0125] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#20). 45
[0126] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#20 (-)). 46
[0127] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#20 (+)). 47
[0128] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane (compound#21).
48
[0129] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#21 (-)). 49
[0130] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#21 (+)). 50
[0131] In a further embodiment, the compounds of the present
invention have a triphosphate group in the 5' position. In a
further aspect of the present invention, the compounds of formula
(II) are represented by:
[0132] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-OddC-tp) (compound#22). 51
[0133] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-L-OddC-tp) (compound#22 (-)). 52
[0134] In one embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-D-OddC-tp) (compound#22 (+)). 53
[0135] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-5FOddC-tp) (compound#23). 54
[0136] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxo-
lane (.beta.-L-5FOddC-tp) (compound#23 (-)). 55
[0137] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxo-
lane (.beta.-D-5FOddC-tp) (compound#23 (+)). 56
[0138] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#24). 57
[0139] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolan-
e (compound#24 (-)). 58
[0140] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolan-
e (compound#24 (+). 59
[0141] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#25). 60
[0142] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)a-1,3-diox-
olane (compound#25 (-)). 61
[0143] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxo-
lane (compound#25 (+)). 62
[0144] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#26). 63
[0145] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(-)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#26 (-)). 64
[0146] In another embodiment, a compound of formula II is
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thiminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#26 (+)). 65
[0147] In one embodiment the compounds of the present invention are
provided in the form of a single enantiomer at least 95% free of
the corresponding enantiomer.
[0148] In one embodiment the compounds of the present invention are
provided in the form of a single enantiomer at least 95% free of
the corresponding enantiomer.
[0149] In one embodiment the compounds of the present invention are
provided in the form of a single enantiomer at least 99% free of
the corresponding enantiomer.
[0150] In an other embodiment the compound of the present invention
are in the form of the (+) enantiomer at least 95% free of the
corresponding (-) enantiomer.
[0151] In an other embodiment the compound of the present invention
are in the form of the (+) enantiomer at least 97% free of the
corresponding (-) enantiomer.
[0152] In an other embodiment the compound of the present invention
are in the form of the (+) enantiomer at least 99% free of the
corresponding (-) enantiomer.
[0153] In an other embodiment embodiment, the compound of the
present invention are in the form of the (-) enantiomer at least
95% free of the corresponding (+) enantiomer.
[0154] In an other embodiment the compound of the present invention
are in the form of the (-) enantiomer at least 97% free of the
corresponding (+) enantiomer.
[0155] In an other embodiment the compound of the present invention
are in the form of the (-) enantiomer at least 99% free of the
corresponding (+) enantiomer.
[0156] There is also provided a pharmaceutically acceptable salts
of the present invention. By the term pharmaceutically acceptable
salts of compounds of general formula (I) and (II) are meant those
derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic
acids and bases. Examples of suitable acids include hydrochloric,
hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic,
phosphoric, glycollic, lactic, salicylic, succinic,
toleune-p-sulphonic, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulphonic,
formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulphonic and
benzenesulphonic acids. Other acids such as oxalic, while not in
themselves pharmaceutically acceptable, may be useful as
intermediates in obtaining the compounds of the invention and their
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
[0157] Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal
(e.g. sodium), alkaline earth metal (e.g. magnesium) ammonium and
NR.sub.4+ (where R is C.sub.1-4 alkyl) salts.
[0158] References hereinafter to a compound according to the
invention includes compounds of the general formula (I) and (II)
and there pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
[0159] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of
ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All
publications, patent applications, patents, and other references
mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
In case of conflict, the present specification, including
definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and
examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
[0160] As used in this application, the term "alkyl" represents an
unsubstituted or substituted (by a halogen, nitro, CONH.sub.2,
COOH, O--C.sub.1-6 alkyl, O--C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, O--C.sub.2-6
alkynyl, hydroxyl, amino, or COOQ, wherein Q is C.sub.1-6 alkyl;
C.sub.2-6 alkenyl; C.sub.2-6 alkynyl) straight chain, branched
chain or cyclic hydrocarbon moiety (e.g. isopropyl, ethyl,
fluorohexyl or cyclopropyl). The term alkyl is also meant to
include alkyls in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by
an halogen, more preferably, the halogen is fluoro (e.g. CF.sub.3-
or CF.sub.3CH.sub.2-).
[0161] The terms "alkenyl" and "alkynyl" represent an alkyl
containing at least one unsaturated group (e.g. allyl).
[0162] The term "cycloalkyl" represents an alkyl which is cyclic,
such as cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclobutyl.
[0163] The term "hydroxy protecting group" is well known in the
field of organic chemistry. Such protecting groups may be found in
T. Greene, Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis, (John Wiley
& Sons, 1981). Example of hydroxy protecting groups include but
are not limited to acetyl-2-thioethyl ester, pivaloyloxymethyl
ester and isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl ester.
[0164] The term "aryl" represent an unsaturated carbocyclic moiety,
optionally mono- or di-substituted with OH, SH, amino, halogen or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl.
[0165] The term "heteroaryl" represent an aryl wherein at least one
carbon ring atom is substituted by an heteroatom (e.g. N, O, or
S).
[0166] The term "aminoalkyl" represent an alkyl which is covalently
bonded to the adjacent atom through a nitrogen atom.
[0167] The term "thioalkyl" represent an alkyl which is covalently
bonded to the adjacent atom through a sulfur atom.
[0168] The term "alkoxy" represent an alkyl which is covalently
bonded to the adjacent atom through an oxygen atom.
[0169] When there is a sulfur atom present, the sulfur atom can be
at different oxydation level, S, SO, or SO.sub.2. All such
oxydation level are within the scope of the present invention.
[0170] The term "host" represent any mammals including humans.
[0171] In one embodiment, the host is human.
[0172] The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by
methods well known in the art. For example, such methods are
described in the following references: U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,449, PCT
publication WO 92/20669 (PCT application PCT/CA92/00211), Journal
of Chromatography, 645 (1993) 107-114, Tetrahedron Assymetry Vol. 4
No. 11 pp2319-2322 (1993), Tetrahedron Assymetry Vol. 4 No. 2
pp211-214 (1993), Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Vol.3 No.8,
pp.1543-1546 (1993), Tetrahedron Letters, Vol.33, No. 46, pp
6949-6952, (1992), J.Org. Chem., 34(6), 1547-1550 (1969), J.Org.
Chem., 52(9), 1794-1801 (1987), J.Am.Chem.Soc., 87(8), 1785-1788
(1965), J.Org. Chem. (1989), 54, 631-635. which are all
incorporated by reference.
[0173] According to one embodiment, it will be appreciated that the
amount of a compound of the present invention required for use in
treatment will vary not only with the particular compound selected
but also with the route of administration, the nature of the
condition for which treatment is required and the age and condition
of the patient and will be ultimately at the discretion of the
attendant physician or veterinarian. In general however a suitable
dose will be in the range of from about 0.01 to about 750 mg/kg of
body weight per day, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60
mg/kg/day, most preferably in the range of 1 to 20 mg/kg/day.
[0174] The desired dose according to one embodiment is conveniently
presented in a single dose or as divided dose administered at
appropriate intervals, for example as two, three, four or more
doses per day.
[0175] In another embodiment, the compound is conveniently
administered in unit dosage form; for example containing 10 to 1500
mg, conveniently 20 to 1000 mg, most conveniently 50 to 700 mg of
active ingredient per unit dosage form.
[0176] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
the active ingredient is administered to achieve peak plasma
concentrations of the active compound of from about 1 to about 75
.mu.M, preferably about 2 to 50 .mu.M, most preferably about 3 to
about 30 .mu.M. This may be achieved, for example, by the
intravenous injection of a 0.1 to 5% solution of the active
ingredient, optionally in saline, or orally administered as a bolus
containing about 1 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient.
Desirable blood levels may be maintained by a continuous infusion
to provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/kg/hour or by intermittent
infusions containing about 0.4 to about 15 mg/kg of the active
ingredient.
[0177] While it is possible that, for use in therapy, a compound of
the present invention may be administered as the raw chemical, it
is preferable according to one embodiment of the invention, to
present the active ingredient as a pharmaceutical formulation The
embodiment of the invention thus further provides a pharmaceutical
formulation comprising a compound of formula (I),or formula (II),
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with one or
more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers therefor and, optionally,
other therapeutic and/or prophylactic ingredients. The carrier(s)
must be "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the
other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the
recipient thereof.
[0178] According to one embodiment of the present invention,
pharmaceutical formulations include but are not limited to those
suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and
sub-lingual), transdermal, vaginal or parenteral (including
intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and intravenous) administration or in
a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
The formulations may, where appropriate, be conveniently presented
in discrete dosage units and may be prepared by any of the methods
well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods according to this
embodiment include the step of bringing into association the active
compound with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or
both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired
formulation.
[0179] According to another embodiment, pharmaceutical formulation
suitable for oral administration are conveniently presented as
discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing
a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or
granules. In another embodiment, the formulation is presented as a
solution, a suspension or as an emulsion. Still in another
embodiment, the active ingredient is presented as a bolus,
electuary or paste. Tablets and capsules for oral administration
may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents,
fillers, lubricants, disintegrants, or wetting agents. The tablets
may be coated according to methods well known in the art. Oral
liquid preparations may be in the form of, for example, aqueous or
oily suspensions, solutions, emulsions, syrups or elixirs, or may
be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other
suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may contain
conventional additives such as suspending agents, emulsifying
agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), or
preservatives.
[0180] The compounds of the present invention according to an
embodiment are formulated for parenteral administration (e.g. by
injection, for example bolus injection or continuous infusion) and
may be presented in unit dose form in ampoules, pre-filled
syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers with an
added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as
suspensions, solutions, or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles,
and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing
an/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may
be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid
or by lyophilisation from solution, for constitution with a
suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use.
[0181] For topical administration to the epidermis, the compounds,
according to one embodiment of the present invention, are
formulated as ointments, creams or lotions, or as a transdermal
patch. Such transdermal patches may contain penetration enhancers
such as linalool, carvacrol, thymol, citral, menthol and
t-anethole. Ointments and creams may, for example, be formulated
with an aqueous or oily base with the addition of suitable
thickening and/or gelling agents. Lotions may be formulated with an
aqueous or oily base and will in general also contain one or more
emulsifying agents, stabilizing agents, dispersing agents,
suspending agents, thickening agents, or colouring agents.
[0182] Formulations suitable for topical administration in the
mouth include lozenges comprising active ingredient in a flavoured
base, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth; pastilles
comprising the active ingredient in an inert base such as gelatin
and glycerin or sucrose and acacia; and mouthwashes comprising the
active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
[0183] Pharmaceutical formulations suitable for rectal
administration wherein the carrier is a solid. In another
embodiment, they are presented as unit dose suppositories. Suitable
carriers include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in
the art, and the suppositories may be conveniently formed by
admixture of the active compound with the softened or melted
carrier(s) followed by chilling and shaping in moulds.
[0184] According to one embodiment, the formulations suitable for
vaginal administration are presented as pessaries, tampons, creams,
gels, pastes, foams or sprays containing in addition to the active
ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be
appropriate.
[0185] For intra-nasal administration the compounds, in one
embodiment of the invention, are used as a liquid spray or
dispersible powder or in the form of drops. Drops may be formulated
with an aqueous or non-aqueous base also comprising one more
dispersing agents, solubilising agents or suspending agents. Liquid
sprays are conveniently delivered from pressurized packs.
[0186] For administration by inhalation the compounds, according to
one embodiment of the invention are conveniently delivered from an
insufflator, nebulizer or a pressurized pack or other convenient
means of delivering an aerosol spray. In another embodiment,
pressurized packs comprise a suitable propellant such as
dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable
gas.
[0187] In another embodiment, the dosage unit in the pressurized
aerosol is determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered
amount.
[0188] Alternatively, in another embodiment, for administration by
inhalation or insufflation, the compounds according to the present
invention are in the form of a dry powder composition, for example
a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as
lactose or starch. In another embodiment, the powder composition is
presented in unit dosage form in, for example, capsules or
cartridges or e.g. gelatin or blister packs from which the powder
may be administered with the aid of an inhalator or
insufflator.
[0189] In one embodiment, the above described formulations are
adapted to give sustained release of the active ingredient.
[0190] The compounds of the invention may also be used in
combination with other antiviral agents.
[0191] In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be
employed together with at least one other antiviral agent chosen
from protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and helicase
inhibitors.
[0192] As used in this application, the term "interferon"
include:
[0193] interferon likes molecules such as interferon (IFN),
interferon .alpha.-2a, interferon .alpha.-2b, consensus interferon
(CIFN) and other types of interferons.
[0194] In one embodiment , the compounds of the invention may be
employed together with at least one other antiviral agent chosen
from interferon (IFN), interferon .alpha.-2a, interferon
.alpha.-2b, consensus interferon (CIFN), ribavirin, amantadine,
rimantadine, interleukine-12, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA),
glycyrrhizin and silybum marianum.
[0195] In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be
employed together with at least one other antiviral agent chosen
from Interferon-.alpha., Ribavirin and Amantadine.
[0196] In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be
employed together with at least one other antiviral agent chosen
from Interferon-.alpha. and Ribavirin (REBETRON).
[0197] In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be
employed together Interferon-.alpha..
[0198] In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention may be
employed together with Ribavirin.
[0199] The combinations referred to above may conveniently be
presented for use in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation and
thus pharmaceutical formulations comprising a combination as
defined above together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
therefor comprise a further aspect of the invention.
[0200] The individual components of such combinations may be
administered either sequentially or simultaneously in separate or
combined pharmaceutical formulations.
[0201] When the compound (I), or (II) or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof is used in combination with a second
therapeutic agent active against the same virus the dose of each
compound may be either the same as or differ from that when the
compound is used alone. Appropriate doses will be readily
appreciated by those skilled in the art.
[0202] The following examples are provided to illustrate various
embodiments of the present invention and shall not be considered as
limiting in scope. 6667
[0203] The target compound can be prepared according to the above
scheme:
[0204] Step a: 2-benzoyloxy-acetaldehyde I reacted with methyl (R
)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate II in the presence
para-toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) under transketalisation to give
2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylmethyl ester III as a
mixture of cis and trans isomers in a ratio of 3:1 in favor of cis
isomer.
[0205] Step b: The carboxylic methyl ester III was selectively
hydrolysed using lithium hydroxide to give the corresponding acid
derivatives IVa and IVb. The mixture were separated by flash
chromatography and each isomer was further used independently.
[0206] Step c: The carboxylic function of IVa was then converted to
an acetoxy leaving group by treatment with lead tetraacetate.
[0207] Step d: The (2R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetoxy
IVa was coupled with silylated 2-amino-6-chloropurine using
trimethylsilyl trifluoromethylsulfonate (TMSTf) as activator to
give a mixture of cis and trans isomers of nucleoside analogues VIa
and VIb in a ratio of 1.2:1 in favor of cis isomer. The mixture was
separated by flash chromatography and each isomer was used
independently further.
[0208] Step e: The (-)-(2R,
4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chloro-p-
urine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane VIa was treated with cyclopropylamine in
ethanol to give the corresponding
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-am-
ino-6'-cyclopropylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane VII in good
yield.
[0209] Step f: Removal of benzoyl protecting group was achieved by
treatment of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoylbxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylami-
no-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane VII with methanolic ammonia to give
the desired product
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylami-
no-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 1(-) in good yield.
EXAMPLE 1
[0210]
Methyl-2-(R,S)-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-(R)-carboxlate.(III-
) 68
[0211] To a solution of
methyl-.alpha.,.beta.-isopropylidene-D-glycerate (II) (Fluka:
registry #52373-72-5), (9.76 g, 60.9 mmol, 1 eq) and
benzoyloxyacetaldehyde I (10 g, 60.9 mmol, 1 eq) in toluene (20 mL)
at 80.degree. C., p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) (460 mg, 2.4 mmol,
4 mol %) was added. The reaction flask was kept under vacuum for
one hour and a distillate was collected (80-85.degree. C.) during
this period of time. The residue was then cooled to room
temperature (RT) and purified by column chromatography on silica
gel, using hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent to produce 13.2 g (81%)
of the title compound as a mixture of cis and trans isomers in a
ratio of 3:1.
[0212] Cis isomer:
[0213] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 3.75 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3); 4.15(dd, 1H, C.sub.5--CH), 4.30 (dd, 1H, C.sub.5-CH) ;
4.5 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2--O--CO--C.sub.6H.sub.5); 4.7 -m, 1H,
C.sub.4--CH); 5.4 t, 1H, C.sub.2--CH) ; 7.45-8.1 (m, 5H,
Ar--CH).
[0214] Trans isomer:
[0215] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 3.8 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3); 4.1(dd, 1H, C.sub.5--CH); 4.35 (dd, 1H, C.sub.5--CH) ;
4.45 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2--O--CO--C.sub.6H.sub.5); 4.75 (m, 1H,
C.sub.4--CH); 5.5 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--CH); 7.45-8.1 (m, 5H,
Ar--CH).
EXAMPLE 2
[0216] (2R, 4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic
acid.(IVa)
[0217] (2S, 4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic
acid.(IVb) 69
[0218] To a solution of
methyl-2-(R,S)-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane -4-(R)-carboxylate
(III), (411 g, 1.54 mmol, 1 eq., 2:1 mixture of cis and trans
isomers) in a 1:1 mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water,
lithium hydroxide (LiOH) (64.8 g, 1.54 moles, 1 eq) was added
portion wise over a period of 30 min., keeping the reaction flask
temperature below 30.degree. C. After 90 min., THF was ;removed by
vacuum and the aqueous solution was acidified to pH=2.5-3.2, by
dropwise addition of 30% (w/w) sulphuric acid. The resulting
solution was extracted with dichloromethane (4.times.400 mL). The
combined organic, phase was washed with brine,, dried over sodium
sulphate and concentrated to produce 380 g of a dark oil. The
isomers were separated by column chromatography on silica gel,
using 2% acetic acid in dichloromethane to produce 220 g of the cis
isomer (IVa) (56.5%) and 116 g of the trans isomer (IVb) (30%).
Each of isomers was independently used for next step.
[0219] Cis isomer:
[0220] (2R, 4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic
acid.(IVa)
[0221] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 4.2 (t, 1H,
C.sub.5--H); 4.4 (m, 1H); 4.5 (m, 1H); 4.7 (m, 2H); 5.4 (t, 1H,
C.sub.2--CH); 7.45-8.1 (m, 5H, Ar--CH); 7.2-8.0(bs, 1H, COOH).
[0222] Trans isomer:
[0223] (2S, 4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic
acid.(IVb)
[0224] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 4.15 (dd, 1H,
C.sub.5--H); 4.4 (t, 1H, C.sub.5--H); 4.45 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2--OCOC.sub.6H.sub.5); 4.8 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--CH); 5.6 (t,
1H, C.sub.2--CH); 7.45-8.1 (m, 5H, Ar--CH); 8.3-8.8 (bs, 1H,
COOH).
EXAMPLE 3
[0225] (2R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(R,S)-acetoxy-1,3-dioxolane.(V)
70
[0226] To a solution of
(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxy- lic acid (IVa),
(130 g, 0.515moles, 1 eq) and pyridine (60 mL, 0.741 moles, 1.44
eq) in acetonitrile at 4.degree. C., lead tetraacetate. (assay 95%,
300 g, 0.678 moles, 1.25 eq) was added over a period of 20 min. The
reaction mixture was kept under stirring for 18 hours at room
temperature (RT). The inorganics were removed by filtration, the
filtrate was poured on to a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate (2L) followed by addition of solid sodium bicarbonate
(pH=7-8). The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase
was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.400 mL). The combined
organic phase was concentrated and purified by column
chromatography, on silica gel, using hexanes/ethyl acetate as
eluent to produce 93.5 g (68%) of the title compound as a mixture
of cis and trans isomers in a ratio of 2:1 (V). The mixture was
used for next step. cis/trans isomers:
[0227] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 2.0,2.15 (s, 3H,
CH.sub.3); 4.05-4.45 (m, 4H, CH); 5.45, 5.55 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--CH);
6.4, 6.45 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--CH); 7.45-8.1 (m, 5H, Ar--CH);
EXAMPLE 4
[0228] (2R,4R) and
(2R,4S)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chloro-purine-
-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VIa and VIb) 71
[0229] 2-amino-6-chloro-purine (4.15 g, 1.3 eq.) in 50 ml of
hexamethyldisilazane(HMDS) containing 100 mg of ammonium sulfate
was heated under reflux for 3 h after which time the clear solution
was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in
100 mL of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane.
(2R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-acetoxy-1,3-dioxo- lane (V) (5 g) was
dried by co-evaporation twice with benzene (2.times.30 mL) and
dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. The solution
was then transferred into the reaction flask containing silylated
2-amino-6-chloro-purine solution. The mixture was placed in a
60.degree. C. preheated oil bath for 15 minutes, followed the
addition of trimethylsilyl triflate (TMS-OTf) (3.8 mL, 1.1 eq.).
The mixture was heated at refluxing under nitrogen for 3 h and the
solution became brown. TLC (hex:EtOAc 7:3 for sugar and hex:EtOAc
1:4 for product) indicated a completed reaction with the
disappearance of sugar and the presence of two well separated spots
for cis and trans products. The reaction mixture was cooled to room
temperature, poured into a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution
(100 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes. The organic layer was
collected and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with methylene
chloride (2.times.50 ml). The combined organic solution was washed
with water, brine and dried over MgSO.sub.4 as usual and solvent
was evaporated to dryness to give a foam (7 g). H-NMR of the crude
indicated clean reaction with cis and trans products in a ratio of
1.2:1 in favor of cis isomer. The crude product was purified on
silica gel using a gradient of hexane:ethyl acetate 7:3, 1:1 and
2:3 as eluant to yield 2.5 g of trans isomer (less polar,
.alpha.-anomer) (VIb) as a foam, which was crystallized in EtOH and
3 g of cis isomer (more polar, .beta.-anomer) (VIa) as a foam,
which was crystallized in EtOH and 0.3 g of mixture cis and trans
in favor of cis as a foam for a total of 82% yield.
[0230] Trans isomer
[0231]
(+)-(2R,4S)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chloro-purine-9'-yl)--
1,3-dioxolane (VIb)
[0232] R.sub.f: 0.40 (hexane-EtOAc 3:7)
[0233] [.alpha..sub.D] +21.16.degree. (c 0.293 in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
[0234] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 4.45-4.55 (m, 4H;
C.sub.5--H.sub.2, C.sub.2--CH.sub.2--OBz), 5.16 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2 ),
5.83(t, 1H, C.sub.2--H, J=3.8Hz), 6.39 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H), 7.45
(t, 2H, aromatic), 7.62 (t, 1H, aromatic), 7.92 (s, 1H,
C.sub.8'--H), 8.10 (d, 2H, aromatic)
[0235] U.V.: (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max: 312 nM
[0236] Cis isomer
[0237]
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chloro-purine-9'-yl)--
1,3-dioxolane (VIa)
[0238] R.sub.f: 0.26 (hexane-EtOAc 3:7)
[0239] [.alpha..sub.D] 87.70.degree. (c 0.2565 in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
[0240] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 4.25-4.33 (dd, 1H,
C.sub.5--H), 4.60-4.64 (m, 3H; C.sub.5--H and
C.sub.2--CH.sub.2--OBz) , 5.17 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2 ), 5.42 (t, 1H,
C.sub.2--H, J=3.5Hz) , 6.33 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H), 7.45 (t, 2H,
aromatic), 7.62 (t, 1H, aromatic), 7.95 (d, 2H, aromatic), 8.05 (s,
1H, C.sub.8'--H).
[0241] U.V.: (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max: 312 nM.
EXAMPLE 5
[0242]
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylamino-puri-
ne-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VII) 72
[0243] To a solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chlo-
ro-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VIa) (600 mg) in ethanol (30 mL)
was added cyclopropylamine (2 mL, =18 eq.). The mixture was gently
heated at reflux (80-85.degree. C.) for 18 h and cooled to room
temperature. Solvent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in 100 mL of methylene chloride, washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water, brine and dried over
MgSO.sub.4. Solvent was removed in vacuo and residue was purified
on silica gel using EtOAc:MeOH as eluant to give the desired
product (VII) as a foam in 80% yield.(506 mg).
[0244] R.sub.f: 0.26 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2: MeOH 95:5)
[0245] [.alpha..sub.D] -67.70 (c 0.2565 in CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
[0246] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 0.64-0.68 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclopropyl), 0.91-0.96 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of
cyclopropyl), 3.06 (b, 1H, CH of cyclopropyl), 4.27-4.30 ( dd, 1H,
C.sub.5--H), 4.54-4.57 -(dd, 1H ; C.sub.5--H) 4.60 (t, 2H,
C.sub.2--CH.sub.2--OBz), 5.37 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2 ), 5.42 (t, 1H,
C.sub.2--H, J=3.5Hz), 6.28 (b, 1H, NH) 6.35 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H)
7.45 (t, 2H, aromatic), 7.58 (t, 1H, aromatic), 7.77 (s, 1H,
C.sub.8-8), 8.01(d, 2H, aromatic),
[0247] U.V.: (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max: 283 and 260 nM.
EXAMPLE 6
[0248]
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopropylamino-purine--
9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (compound 1(-)) 73
[0249] A solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopr-
opylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VII) (480 mg) in 30 mL of
saturated methanolic ammonia was stirred at room temperature for 18
h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was
dissolved in 20 mL of water, washed twice with 10 mL of methylene
chloride and lyophilized to give 283 mg of white solid in 80% yield
(1(-)).
[0250] R.sub.f: 0.26 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2: MeOH 9:1)
[0251] [.alpha..sub.D] -35.9.degree. (c 0.334 in MeOH)
[0252] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO.sub.d-6): .delta.(ppm): 0.55 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclopropyl), 0.95 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclopropyl),
3.15 (b, 1H, CH of cyclopropyl), 3.80 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2OH) , 4.30 (
dd, 1H, C.sub.5--H), 4.55 (dd, 1H ; C.sub.5--H), 5.08 (t, 1H,
C.sub.2OH), 5.17 (b, H, OH) , 6.15 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2), 6.52 (dd, 1H,
C.sub.4--H), 7.72 (b, 1H, NH), 8.12 (s, 1H, C.sub.8'-8).
[0253] U.V. (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max: 283 and 260 nM.
EXAMPLE 7
[0254]
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purin-
e-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 74
[0255] To a solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chlo-
ro-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VIa) (250 mg) in ethanol (25 ml)
was added cyclobutylamine (0.17 mL, =3 eq.). The mixture was gently
heated at reflux (80-85.degree. C.) for 18 h and cooled to room
temperature. Solvent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in 100 mL of methylene chloride, washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water, brine and dried over
MgSO.sub.4. Solvent was removed in vacuo and residue was purified
on silica gel using EtOAc:MeOH 95:5 as eluant to give the desired
product as a foam in 84% yield.(230 mg).
[0256] R.sub.f: 0.31 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2: MeOH 95:5)
[0257] [.alpha..sub.D] -62.5.degree. (c 0.4925 in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
[0258] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 1.74-1.78 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclobuyl), 1.95-2.00 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclobutyl),
2.43-2.45 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclobutyl), 4.27-4.30 ( dd, 1H,
C.sub.5-H), 4.54-4.57 (dd, 1H; C.sub.5--H), 4.59 (t, 2H,
C.sub.2--CH.sub.2--OBz), 4.75 (b, 1H, CH of cyclobutyl), 5.37 (b,
2H, NH.sub.2), 5.41 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--H, J=3.6Hz), 6.00 (b, 1H, NH),
6.35 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H), 7.45 (t, 2H, aromatic), 7.58 (t, 1H,
aromatic), 7.75 (s, 1H, C.sub.8'--H), 8.01(d, 2H, aromatic),
[0259] U.V.: (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max: 283 and 263 nM.
EXAMPLE 8
[0260] (-) -(2R,4R)
-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobutylamino-purine-
-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (compound 2(-)) 75
[0261] A solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclobu-
tylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (214 mg) in 20 mL of saturated
methanolic ammonia was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The
mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was
dissolved in 20 mL of water, washed twice with 10 mL of ether and
evaporated to dryness by coevaporation with ethanol to give 154 mg
of pure product (2(-)) as a foam in 96% yield.
[0262] R.sub.f: 0.52 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2:MeOH 9:1)
[0263] [.alpha..sub.D] -29.04.degree. (c 0.396 in MeOH)
[0264] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO.sub.d-6): .delta.(ppm): 1.61 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclobutyl), 2.06 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclobutyl) ,
2.18 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclobutyl), 3.58 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2OH) ,
4.17 ( dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H), 4.40 (dd, 1H ; C.sub.5--H), 4.90 (b,
1H, CH of cyclobutyl), 5.01 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--H), 5.42 (b, H, OH),
5.87 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2 ), 6.19 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4--H) 7.62 (b, 1H,
NH), 7.85 (s, 1H, C.sub.8'-8).
[0265] U.V.: (CH.sub.30H) .lambda..sub.max: 283 and 260 nM.
EXAMPLE 9
[0266]
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-puri-
ne-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane 76
[0267] To a solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-chlo-
ro-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (VIa) (250 mg) in ethanol (15 mL)
was added cyclopentylamine (0.2 mL, =3 eq.). The mixture was gently
heated at reflux (80-85.degree. C.) for 18 h and cooled to room
temperature. Solvent was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in 100 mL of methylene chloride, washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, water, brine and dried over
MgSO.sub.4. Solvent was removed in vacuo and residue was purified
on silica gel using EtOAC and EtOAc:MeOH 95:5 as eluant to give the
desired product as a foam in 70% yield.(191 mg).
[0268] R.sub.f: 0.30 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2 : MeOH 95:5)
[0269] [.alpha..sub.D] -67.7.degree. (c 0.363 in
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
[0270] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta.(ppm): 1.53 (m, 2H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl), 1.68 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl),
1.76 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl), 2.10 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of
cyclopentyl), 4.25 ( dd, 1H, C.sub.5--H), 4.54-4.54-4.60 (m, 4H;
C.sub.5--H, C.sub.2--CH.sub.2--OBz and CH of cyclopentyl), 4.98 (b,
2H, NH.sub.2 ), 5.42 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--H, J=3.5Hz) , 5.75 (b, 1H,
NH), 6.35 (d, 1H, C.sub.4--H), 7.45 (t, 2H, aromatic), 7.58 (t, 1H,
aromatic), 7.74 (s, 1H, C.sub.8'--H), 8.01(d, 2H, aromatic),
[0271] U.V.: (CH.sub.3OH) ) .lambda..sub.max: 283 and 260 nM.
EXAMPLE 10
[0272]
(-))-(2R,4R)-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclopentylamino-purine-
-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (compound 3(-)) 77
[0273] A solution of
(-)-(2R,4R)-2-benzoyloxymethyl-4-(2'-amino-6'-cyclope-
ntylamino-purine-9'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (180 mg) in 20 mL of
saturated methanolic ammonia was stirred at room temperature for 18
h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was
purified on silica gel using CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2: MeOH 95:5 as eluant
to give 130 mg of white solid (3(-))in 95% yield.
[0274] R.sub.f: 0.58 (CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2: MeOH 9:1)
[0275] [.alpha..sub.D] -30.2.degree. (c 0.4275 in MeOH)
[0276] .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO.sub.d-6): .delta.(ppm): 1.55 (m, 4H,
CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl), 1.68 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl),
1.88 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2 of cyclopentyl), 3.58 (m, 2H, CH.sub.2OH),
4.17 ( dd, 1H, C.sub.5--H) , 4.41 (dd, 1H ; C.sub.5--H), 4.5 (b,
1H, CH of cyclopentyl), 5.01 (t, 1H, C.sub.2--H), 5.14 (b, H, OH),
5.8-5 (b, 2H, NH.sub.2 ), 6.18 (dd, 1H, C.sub.4-H), 7.12 (b, 1H,
NH), 7.84 (s, 1H, C.sub.8'--H).
[0277] U.V. : (CH.sub.3OH) .lambda..sub.max:283 and 260 nm.
EXAMPLE 11
[0278] Preparation of
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxol- ane
(.beta.-D-OddC) (compound#17(+)) and
(+)-triphosphate-cis-2-hydroxymet-
hyl-4-(cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane (.beta.-D-OddC-tp)(compounds
#22(+)) 78
[0279] To a stirring suspension of
4-amino-1-(2-(R)-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dio-
xolan-4-(R)-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one (17(+)) (18.8 mg, 0.088 mmol) in
dry-DMF (0.49 mL) was added dry pyridine (0.13 mL) followed by a
freshly prepared solution of 2-chloro-4
H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphorin-4-one 1.0 M in 1,4-dioxane (81 .mu.L,
0.081 mmol). The mixture was stirred 15 minutes at room
temperature, then tributylamine (53 .mu.L, 0.22 mmol) and a
solution of tributylammonium pyrophosphate 0.42 M in DMF (175
.mu.L, 0.073 mmol) were added simultaneously. The mixture was
stirred another 15 minutes. A solution of I2 1% in pyridine/H2O
(98:2) (1.4 mL, 0.115 mmol of I) was added and the mixture was
stirred 15 minutes. The excess of iodine was destroyed by adding
0.5 mL of aqueous sodium bisulfite 5%. The mixture was stirred 15
minutes, then it was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove
all solvents. The residue was dissolved in water, washed two times
with methylene chloride and once with ethyl acetate. The aqueous
layer was concentrated and purified by charcoal column as follow:
about 400 mg of charcoal, placed over a thin layer of Celite in a
funnel with fritted disk, was prewashed by passing methanol, then
water (by vaccuum). The crude residue was diluted in a minimum of
water, acidified to pH 1-2 by adding few drops of HCl 1N, then
placed on the top of the charcoal column. The column was eluted
with water (25 mL) in order to remove inorganic salts, then 0.5 N
ammonia (10 mL) to collect the desired triphosphate. The collected
triphophate was lyophilized, and it was then purified again on a
small pad of charcoal, this time eluting only with water. The
desired triphosphate comes out fast. Few fractions were collected
and lyophilized to give the triphosphate ammonium salt (22(+)), as
a yellow solid (4.8 mg, 13% yield).
[0280] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, D.sub.2O) .delta. ppm: 7.93 (d, 1 H,
7.47 Hz), 6.21 (s, 1 H), 6.02 (d, 1 H, 7.47 Hz), 5.19 (s, 1 H),
4.20 (m, 4 H).
[0281] .sup.31P NMR (162 MHz, D.sub.2O) .delta. ppm: -6.1 (d, 19
Hz), -10.5 (d, 19 Hz), -21.7 (t, 19 Hz).
[0282] The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by
methods well known in the art. For example, such methods are
described in the following references: U.S. Pat. No. 5,041,449, PCT
publication WO 92/20669 (PCT application PCT/CA92/00211), Journal
of Chromatography, 645 (1993) 107-114, Tetrahedron Assymetry Vol. 4
No. 11 pp.2319-2322 (1993), Tetrahedron Assymetry Vol. 4 No. 2
pp.211-214 (1993), Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Vol.3 No.8,
pp.1543-1546 (1993), Tetrahedron Letters, Vol.33, No. 46, pp
6949-6952, (1992), J.Org. Chem., 34(6), pp.1547-1550 (1969), J.Org.
Chem., 52(9), pp.1794-1801 (1987), J.Am.Chem.Soc., 87(8),
pp.1785-1788 (1965), J.Org. Chem. (1989), 54, pp.631-635 which are
all incorporated by reference.
[0283] In a similar manner, the following compounds were
synthesized:
[0284] (-)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound #17(-))
[0285] (+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-cytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound #17 (+))
[0286]
(+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound#18 (+))
[0287]
(+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-fluorocytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound#18 (-))
[0288] (+)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound#19 (+))
[0289] (-)Cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-azacytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-Dioxolane
(Compound#19 (-))
[0290]
(-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(.beta.-L-) (compound#20 (-)) .
[0291]
(+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(5'-methylcytosin-1'-yl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#20 (+))
[0292] (-)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#21 (-))
[0293] (+)-cis-2-hydroxymethyl-4-(N-1'-thyminyl)-1,3-dioxolane
(compound#21 (+))
EXAMPLE 12
Evaluation of Nucleoside Triphosphate Analogues
In The HCV RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Assay
[0294] The following references which are referenced in the example
are all incorporated by reference:
[0295] 1. Behrens, S., Tomei, L., De Francesco, R. (1996) EMBO 15,
pp.12-22
[0296] 2. Harlow, E, and Lane, D. (1988) Antibodies: A Laboratory
Manual. Cold Spring Harbord Laboratory. Cold Spring Harbord.
NY.
[0297] 3. Lohmann, V., Korner, F., Herian, U., and Bartenschlager,
R. (1997) J. Virol. 71, pp.8416-8428
[0298] Compounds were evaluated using an in vitro polymerase assay
containing purified recombinant HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(NS5B protein). HCV NS5B was expressed in insect cells using a
recombinant baculovirus as vector. The experimental procedures used
for the cloning, expression and purification of the HCV NS5B
protein are described bellow. Follows, are details of the
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase assays used to test the compounds.
[0299] Expression of the HCV NS5B Protein in Insect Cells:
[0300] The cDNA encoding the entire NS5B protein of HCV-Bk strain,
genotype 1b, was amplified by PCR using a plasmid containing a cDNA
version of the full-length HCV genome as template. The
oligonucleotides used to amplify this HCV region were designed to
introduce a NheI site followed by an ATG at the 5' end of the NS5B
coding region as well as a BamHI site at the 3'end immediately
downstream of the translation stop codon. The amplified sequence,
of 1.8 kb, was digested with NheI and BamHI and ligated to a
predigested pBlueBacII plasmid (Invitrogen). The resulting
recombinant plasmid was designated pBac/NS5B. Sf9 cells were
co-transfected with 3 .mu.g of pBac/NS5B, together with 1 .mu.g of
linearized baculovirus DNA (Invitrogen), as described in the
manufacturer's protocol. Following two rounds of plaque
purification, an NS5B-recombinant baculovirus, BacNS5B, was
isolated. The presence of the recombinant NS5B protein was
determined by western blot analysis (Harlow and Lane, 1988) of
BacNS5B-infected Sf9 cells, using a HCV NS5B specific rabbit
polyclonal antiserum (anti-NS5B). Infections of Sf9 cells with this
plaque -purified virus were performed in one-liter spinner flasks
at a cell density of 1.2.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml and a multiplicity
of infection of 5.
[0301] Preparation of a Soluble Recombinant NS5B Protein:
[0302] Sf9 cells were infected as described above. Sixty hours
post-infection, cells were harvested then washed twice with
phosphate buffer saline (PBS). Total proteins were solubilized as
described in Lohmann et al. (1997) with some modifications. In
brief, proteins were extracted in three steps, S1, S2, S3, using
lysis buffers (LB) I, LB II and LB III (Lohmann et al, 1997). The
composition of LBII was modified to contain 0.1% triton X-100 and
150 mM NaCl to reduce the amount of solubilized NS5B protein at
this step. In addition, sonication of cell extracts was avoided
throughout the protocol to preserve the integrity of the protein
structure.
[0303] Purification of recombinant NS5B using fast protein liquid
chromatography (FPLC):
[0304] Soluble NS5B protein in the S3 fraction was diluted to lower
the NaCl concentration to 300 mM, then it incubated batchwise with
DEAE sepharose beads (Amersham-Pharmacia) for 2 hrs at 4.degree.
C., as described by Behrens et al. (1996). Unbound material was
cleared by centrifugation for 15 min at 4.degree. C., at 25 000 rpm
using a SW41 rotor (Beckman). The supernatant was further diluted
to lower the NaCl concentration to 200 mM and subsequently loaded,
with a flow rate of 1 ml/min, on a 5 ml HiTrap.RTM. heparin column
(Amersham-Pharmacia) connected to an FPLCO system
(Amersham-Pharmacia). Bound proteins were eluted in 1 ml fractions,
using a continuous NaCl gradient of 0.2 to 1 M, over a 25 ml
volume. NS5B-containing fractions were identified by sodium dodecyl
sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), followed by
western blotting using the anti-NS5B antiserum at a dilution of
1:2000. Positive fractions were pooled and the elution buffer was
exchanged against a 50 mM NaPO.sub.4 pH 7.0, 20% glycerol, 0.5%
triton X-100 and 10 mM DTT, using a PD-10 column
(Amersham-Pharmacia). The sample was then loaded onto a 1 ml
HiTrap.RTM. SP column (Amersham-Pharmacia), with a flow rate of 0.1
ml/min. Bound proteins were eluted using a continuous 0 to 1 M NaCl
gradient over a 15 ml volume. Eluted fractions were analyzed by
SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Alternatively, proteins were
visualized, following SDS-PAGE, by silver staining using the Silver
Stain Plus kit (BioRad) as described by the manufacturer. Positive
fractions were tested for RdRp activity (see below) and the most
active ones were pooled, and stored as a 40% glycerol solution at
-70.degree. C.
[0305] In Vitro RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Assays Used to
Evaluate Triphosphate Form of Guanosine Analogues:
[0306] RdRp assays were conducted using either homopolymeric
template/primers or in vitro transcribed RNA templates.
[0307] All RdRp reactions which used homopolymeric template/primers
were performed in a total volume of 50 .mu.l of a buffer consisting
of 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 50 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM MnCl.sub.2,
5 .mu.Ci [.gamma. .sup.32P]-GTP (3000 Ci/mmol), and 4 .mu.M of cold
GTP. Standard HCV RdRp reactions contained 200 ng of purified NS5B
protein. Guanosine analogues were tested in the presence of
polyC/oligoG. PolyC RNAs (Amersham-Pharmacia) was resuspended at
400 ng/.mu.l. The primer oligoG.sub.12 (MWG, Germany) was diluted
to a concentration of 20 pmol/.mu.l (7.6 ng/.mu.l). Templates and
primers were mixed volume to volume, denatured at 95.degree. C. for
5 min and annealed at 37.degree. C. for 10 min. Following a two
hour incubation at 22.degree. C., reactions were stopped by the
addition of 100 .mu.g of sonicated salmon sperm DNA (Life
Technologies) and 1 ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid-0.5% tetrasodium
pyrophosphate (TCA-PPi). Nucleic acids were precipitated at
4.degree. C. for 30 min after which samples were filtered on GF/C
glass microfiber filters (Millipore). Membranes were subsequently
washed with 25 ml of a 1% TCA-0.1% PPi solution, then air dried.
Incorporated radioactivity was quantified using a liquid
scintillation counter (1450-Microbeta, Wallac).
[0308] Heteropolymeric RNA templates were generated by run-off
transcription. As template for these transcription reactions, a
recombinant pcDNA3 plasmid (Invitrogen) containing a cDNA version
of the HCV genome was used and referred to as pcDNA/HCVfl. In vitro
transcriptions were performed using the MEGAscript.TM. kit
(Ambion), as suggested by the manufacturer. In brief, the plasmid
pcDNA/HCVfl was linearized with EcoRI to generate a truncated HCV
transcript of about 6900 nucleotides. Linearized DNA was extracted
with a one to one volume of phenol/chloroform, precipitated with
ethanol, then 1 .mu.g of this linearized DNA was used as template
in T7 RNA polymerase-driven in vitro transcription reactions.
Transcripts were extracted using the TRIZOL.RTM. reagent (Life
Technologies) and an aliquot (1 .mu.g) was used as template in RdRp
assays. RdRp reactions using heteropolymeric templates were carried
out under the same conditions as described above for homopolymeric
template/primers, with the exception that the substrate mixture
composition consisted of 5 .mu.Ci of [.gamma. .sup.32P]-GTP, 1
.mu.M cold GTP and 100 .mu.M of the remaining nucleotides (ATP, CTP
and UTP). Reaction mixtures were subsequently processed as
described above for homopolymeric template-containing reactions.
Results are shown below:
1 HCV polymerase Compound % inhibition 9(-)-triphosphate 44% @ 100
.mu.M 13(-) triphosphate 82% @ 50 .mu.M IC.sub.50 = 10 .mu.M
14(-)-triphosphate 6% @ 50 .mu.M
[0309] In Vitro RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Assays Used to
Evaluate Triphosphate Form of Cytosine Analogues:
[0310] RdRp assays were conducted using either homopolymeric
template/primers or in vitro transcribed RNA templates.
[0311] All RdRp reactions which used homopolymeric template/primers
were performed in a total volume of 50 .mu.l of a buffer consisting
of 20 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 50 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM MnCl.sub.2,
5 .mu.Ci [.gamma. .sup.32P]-CTP (3000 Ci/mmol), and 5 .mu.M of cold
CTP. Standard HCV RdRp reactions contained 200 ng of purified NS5B
protein. Cytosine analogues were tested in the presence of
polyrI/oligodC. PolyrI RNAs (Amersham-Pharmacia) was resuspended at
400 ng/.mu.l. The primer oligodC.sub.12 (Life Technologies) was
diluted to a concentration of 20 pmol/.mu.l. Templates and primers
were mixed volume to volume, denatured at 95.degree. C. for 5 min
and annealed at 37.degree. C. for 10 min. Following a two hour
incubation at 22.degree. C., reactions were stopped by the addition
of 100 .mu.g of sonicated salmon sperm DNA (Life Technologies) and
1 ml of 10% trichloroacetic acid-0.5% tetrasodium pyrophosphate
(TCA-PPi). Nucleic acids were precipitated at 4.degree. C. for 30
min after which samples were filtered on GF/C glass microfiber
filters (Millipore). Membranes were subsequently washed with 25 ml
of a 1% TCA-0.1% PPi solution, then air dried. Incorporated
radioactivity was quantified using a liquid scintillation counter
(1450-Microbeta, Wallac).
[0312] Heteropolymeric RNA templates were generated by run-off
transcription. As template for these transcription reactions, a
recombinant pcDNA3 plasmid (Invitrogen) containing a cDNA version
of the HCV genome was used and referred to as pcDNA/HCVfl. In vitro
transcriptions were performed using the MEGAscript.TM. kit
(Ambion), as suggested by the manufacturer. In brief, the plasmid
pcDNA/HCVfl was linearized with EcoRI to generate a truncated HCV
transcript of about 6900 nucleotides. Linearized DNA was extracted
with a one to one volume of phenol/chloroform, precipitated with
ethanol, then 1 .mu.g of this linearized DNA was used as template
in T7 RNA polymerase-driven in vitro transcription reactions.
Transcripts were extracted using the TRIZOL.RTM. reagent (Life
Technologies) and an aliquot (1 .mu.g) was used as template in RdRp
assays.
[0313] RdRp reactions using heteropolymeric templates were carried
out under the same conditions as described above for homopolymeric
template/primers, with the exception that the substrate mixture
composition consisted of 5 .mu.Ci of [.gamma. .sup.32P]-CTP, 1
.mu.M cold CTP and 100 .mu.M of the remaining nucleotides (ATP, GTP
and UTP). Reaction mixtures were subsequently processed as
described above for homopolymeric template-containing reactions.
Results are shown below:
2 HCV polymerase COMPOUND % inhibition COMPOUND#22(+) 85% @ 50
.mu.M IC.sub.50 = 7.7 .mu.M COMPOUND#22(-) 15% @ 100 .mu.M
COMPOUND#23(+) 57% @ 100 .mu.M COMPOUND#23(-) 81% @ 100 .mu.M
IC.sub.50 = 16 .mu.M COMPOUND#24(+) 12% @ 50 .mu.M COMPOUND#24(-)
8% @ 100 .mu.M COMPOUND#25(+) 9% @ 50 .mu.M COMPOUND#26(+) 47% @
100 .mu.M
EXAMPLE 13
Cytotoxicity Assay
[0314] The cytotoxicity of test compounds was evaluated according
to the following procedure:
[0315] Flat bottom 96 well plates were plated with 5X10E3 Vero-34
cells/well and 1X10E4 Hs-68 or Wi-38 cells/well respectively and
incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. and 5% CO.sub.2/air. After
incubation, the supernatant medium was removed and replaced with
test compound dilutions in 2% DMEM (150 .mu.l). The cells were then
incubated 48 hours in a 5% CO.sub.2 incubator at 37.degree. C.
[0316] 50 .mu.l/well of 10 .mu.Ci/ml solution of [.sup.3H]-methyl
thymidine (specific activity of approx. 2Ci/mmol) was added to the
culture medium and incubated overnight (18 hours) in a 5% CO.sub.2
incubator at 37.degree. C.
[0317] Cells were then collected onto a fiberglass filter (Printed
Filtermat A 1450-421 Wallac) with a Tomtec cell harvester.
Suspended cells were collected directly onto filter while for
adherent cells, the medium was first removed, then the cells washed
with PBS and trypsinized for 2-3 minutes (50 .mu.l trypsin/well)
before collecting.
[0318] Filters were dried for 1 hour at 37-40.degree. C. and then
placed into bags (1450-microbeta # 1450-432 Wallac) with 4.5 ml of
Betascint and counts obtained with Microbeta 1450 Wallac.
[0319] The percent of cell proliferation was determined by
comparison to the control (no test compound) and thereby
establishing 50% inhibitory concentration is established.
* * * * *