U.S. patent application number 10/454234 was filed with the patent office on 2003-12-04 for conditioning shampoo compositions containing select cationic conditioning polymers.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Asante, Afua Asiedua, Brown, Mark Anthony, Coffindaffer, Timothy Woodrow, Geary, Nicholas William, Hughes, Kendrick Jon, Wells, Robert Lee.
Application Number | 20030223951 10/454234 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29712211 |
Filed Date | 2003-12-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030223951 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Geary, Nicholas William ; et
al. |
December 4, 2003 |
Conditioning shampoo compositions containing select cationic
conditioning polymers
Abstract
Disclosed are aqueous conditioning shampoo compositions which
comprise an anionic detersive surfactant component; from about
0.025% to about 5% by weight of an water soluble or dispersible,
cationic, non crosslinked, deposition or conditioning polymer; the
conditioning shampoo may additionally comprise dispersed, liquid,
droplets of a water insoluble, hair conditioning agent having a
volume average particle diameter of from about 5 microns to about
125 microns. A homopolymer has a cationic charge density from about
from about 2 meq/gm to about 4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density
of from about 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm; or an average molecular
weight of at least 500,000. A copolymer is formed from one or more
cationic monomer units and one or more nonionic monomer units or
monomer units bearing a negative charge wherein the subsequent
charge of the copolymer is positive. The cationic polymer, in
combination with anionic detersive surfactant component and other
essential components, provides improved deposition of the
conditioning agent on hair or skin, even when the dispersed
conditioning agent particles have a volume average particle size of
up to about 125 microns. The composition may be applied to skin or
hair, and provides improved conditioning performance even without
the use of the dispersed hair conditioning agent particles.
Inventors: |
Geary, Nicholas William;
(Blue Ash, OH) ; Hughes, Kendrick Jon;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; Brown, Mark Anthony; (Union,
KY) ; Coffindaffer, Timothy Woodrow; (Maineville,
OH) ; Asante, Afua Asiedua; (Stone Mountain, GA)
; Wells, Robert Lee; (Cincinnati, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL TECHNICAL CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company
|
Family ID: |
29712211 |
Appl. No.: |
10/454234 |
Filed: |
June 4, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60385794 |
Jun 4, 2002 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/70.17 ;
424/70.21 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61Q 5/12 20130101; A61K
8/8158 20130101; A61K 8/817 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101; A61K
8/8182 20130101; A61K 2800/5426 20130101; A61K 8/8194 20130101;
A61K 8/463 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/70.17 ;
424/70.21 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/06; A61K
007/11; A61K 007/075; A61K 007/08 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A personal cleansing composition comprising: A. from about 5% to
about 50% by weight of a detersive surfactant component selected
from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, amphoteric and
zwitterionic surfactants having an attached group that is anionic
at the pH of the composition, and combinations thereof; B. from
about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of a water soluble or
dispersible, cationic, non-crosslinked, conditioning homopolymer
having a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 4
meq/gm or a cationic charge density of from about 5 meq/gm to about
10 meq/gm; and C. from about 20% to about 94% by weight of
water.
2. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising
from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of dispersed droplets of a
water insoluble hair conditioning agent having a volume average
droplet diameter of from about 5 microns to about 125 microns.
3. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein the
cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is from about 5
meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
4. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein the
cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is from about 7
meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
5. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein the
cationic polymer has an average molecular weight of from about
1,000 to about 5,000,000.
6. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising
from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight, of a phase separation
initiator selected from the group consisting of electrolytes,
amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein said cationic polymer
promotes the formation of a microscopic-phase separation of
lyotropic liquid crystals in said composition; the liquid crystals
exhibiting birefringence.
8. A personal cleansing composition according to claim 1 comprising
lytropic liquid crystals that aids in the deposition of
particles.
9. A personal cleansing composition comprising: A. from about 5% to
about 50% by weight of a detersive surfactant component selected
from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, amphoteric and
zwitterionic surfactants having an attached group that is anionic
at the pH of the composition, and combinations thereof; B. from
about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of a water soluble or
dispersible, cationic, non-crosslinked, conditioning homopolymer
having an average molecular weight of from about 500,000 to about
5,000,000; and C. from about 20% to about 94% by weight of
water.
10. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 further
comprising from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of dispersed
droplets of a water insoluble hair conditioning agent having a
volume average droplet diameter of from about 5 microns to about
125 microns.
11. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein the
cationic polymer has an average molecular weight of from about
500,000 to about 2,000,000.
12. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein the
cationic polymer has an average molecular weight of from about
750,000 to about 1,250,000.
13. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein the
cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is from about 2
meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
14. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 further
comprising from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight, of a phase
separation initiator selected from the group consisting of
electrolytes, amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 9 wherein said cationic polymer
promotes the formation of a microscopic-phase separation of
lyotropic liquid crystals in said composition, the liquid crystals
exhibiting birefringence.
16. A personal cleansing composition according to claim 9
comprising lytropic liquid crystals that aids in the deposition of
particles.
17. A personal cleansing composition comprising: A. from about 5%
to about 50% by weight of a detersive surfactant component selected
from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, amphoteric and
zwitterionic surfactants having an attached group that is anionic
at the pH of the composition, and combinations thereof; B. from
about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of a water soluble or
dispersible, cationic, non-crosslinked, conditioning copolymer
comprising: i. one or more cationic monomer units, and ii. one or
more nonionic or monomer units bearing a terminal negative charge
wherein said copolymer has a positive charge, a cationic charge
density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm, and an average
molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000; and C.
from about 20% to about 94% by weight of water.
18. The personal cleansing composition of claim 17 further
comprising from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of dispersed
droplets of a water insoluble hair conditioning agent having a
volume average droplet diameter of from about 5 microns to about
125 microns.
19. The personal cleansing composition of claim 17 wherein the
cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is from about 3
meq/gm to about 8 meq/gm.
20. The personal cleansing composition of claim 17 wherein the
cationic polymer has an average molecular weight of from about
100,000 to about 2,000,000.
21. The personal cleansing composition of claim 17 further
comprising from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight, of a phase
separation initiator selected from the group consisting of
electrolytes, amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
22. The composition of claim 17 wherein said cationic polymer
promotes the formation of a microscopic-phase separation of
lyotropic liquid crystals in said composition; the liquid crystals
exhibiting birefringence.
23. A personal cleansing composition according to claim 17
comprising lytropic liquid crystals that aids in the deposition of
particles.
24. A method of treating hair by administering a safe and effective
amount of the composition according to claim 1.
25. A method of treating hair by administering a safe and effective
amount of the composition according to claim 9.
26. A method of treating hair by administering a safe and effective
amount of the composition according to claim 17.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
application Serial No. 60/385,794 (Case 8958P), filed on Jun. 4,
2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to conditioning shampoo
compositions with improved conditioning performance which comprise
select cationic deposition polymers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Conditioning shampoos comprising various combinations of
detersive surfactant and hair conditioning agents are known. These
shampoo products typically comprise an anionic detersive surfactant
in combination with a conditioning agent such as silicone,
hydrocarbon oil, fatty esters, or combinations thereof. These
shampoos have become more popular among consumers as a means of
conveniently obtaining hair conditioning and hair cleansing
performance all from a single hair care product.
[0004] Many conditioning shampoos, however, do not provide
sufficient deposition of conditioning agents onto hair during the
shampooing process. Without such deposition, large proportions of
conditioning agent are rinsed away during the shampooing process
and therefore provide little or no conditioning benefit. Without
sufficient deposition of the conditioning agent on the hair,
relatively high levels of conditioning agents may be needed in the
shampoo composition to provide adequate hair conditioning
performance. Such high levels of a conditioning agent, however, can
increase raw material costs, reduce lathering, and present product
stability concerns.
[0005] Obtaining good deposition of a conditioning agent onto hair
is further complicated by the action of detersive surfactants in
the shampoo. Detersive surfactants are designed to carry away or
remove, oil, grease, dirt, and particulate matter from the hair and
scalp. In doing so, the detersive surfactants can also interfere
with deposition of the conditioning agent, and carry away both
deposited and non deposited conditioning agent during rinsing. This
further reduces deposition of the conditioning agent onto the hair
after rinsing, thus further reducing hair conditioning
performance.
[0006] One known method for improving deposition of a hair
conditioning agent onto hair involves the use of certain cationic
deposition polymers. These polymers may be synthetic, but are most
typically natural cellulosic or guar polymers that have been
modified with cationic substituents. The cationic charge density of
such polymers, especially when used in a shampoo composition, is
minimized so as to avoid incompatibility with anionic materials in
the shampoo such as anionic surfactant. As such, most shampoos
which contain both an anionic detersive surfactant and a cationic
deposition polymer will maintain relatively low cationic charge
density values for the deposition polymer in order to maintain
physical stability of the shampoo composition.
[0007] A need still exists for improved conditioning performance in
shampoo compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention is directed to conditioning shampoo
compositions which comprise:
[0009] (A) from about 5% to about 50% by weight of a detersive
surfactant component selected from the group consisting of anionic
surfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants having an
attached group that is anionic at the pH of the composition, and
combinations thereof;
[0010] (B) from about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of an water
soluble or dispersible, cationic, non crosslinked, conditioning
polymer having one or more of the following characteristics:
[0011] i. a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about
4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density of at least 5 meq/gm,
and/or
[0012] ii. an average molecular weight of at least 500,000,
and/or
[0013] iii. a copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer
units and one or more nonionic monomer units or monomer units
bearing a terminal negative charge wherein the subsequent charge of
the copolymer is positive; and
[0014] (C) from about 20% to about 94% by weight of water.
[0015] The present invention also relates to conditioning shampoo
compositions which also contain from about 0.05% to 20% by weight
of dispersed particles of a water insoluble, conditioning agent
having a volume average particle diameter of from about 5 microns
to about 125 microns. The select conditioning polymers defined
herein, in combination with the other essential components, provide
improved deposition of the conditioning agent on hair or skin.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0016] The shampoo compositions of the present invention can
comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of the essential
elements and limitations of the invention described herein, as well
any of the additional or optional ingredients, components, or
limitations described herein.
[0017] One embodiment of the present invention concerns the
surprising discovery that compositions combining certain water
soluble or dispersible, cationic, non crosslinked, deposition
polymers in combination with surfactants form microscopically-phase
separate lyotropic liquid crystals suspended in an aqueous
surfactant phase. In use, the dispersed, concentrated polymer
lyotropic liquid crystal phase provides improved hair and skin
conditioning.
[0018] Moreover, without being limited to a particular theory, it
appears that when dispersed conditioning agent particles are added
to the matrix, the concentrated polymer lyotropic liquid crystal
phase provides an improved mechanism for conditioning agent
deposition, yielding conditioning agent deposition that results in
more conditioning.
[0019] The liquid crystalline state exists between the boundaries
of the solid crystalline phase and the isotropic liquid phase (i.e.
an intermediate between the three dimensionally ordered crystalline
state and the disordered dissolved state). In this state, some of
the molecular order characteristics of the solid crystalline phase
are retained in the liquid state because of the molecular structure
and short range intermolecular interaction. The ability of some
compounds to form a liquid crystalline mesophase had been observed
nearly a century ago.
[0020] Liquid crystals are also known as anisotropic fluids, a
fourth state of matter, polymer association structure or
mesophases. Those terms are used interchangeably. Lyotropic means a
material is formed through changes in solution behavior (and hence
by definition contains a solvent, for example water) of the
ingredients. The changes involve thermal and salvation energies.
The term "lyotropic liquid crystal" as used herein, refers to a
liquid crystalline phase distinctive by the presence of
birefringence (a non-limiting example of which is formation of
maltese crosses) under polarized light microscopy. These are most
easily observed in the absence of particles as some particles also
demonstrate birefringence. In addition, the term "polymer liquid
crystals", as used herein, means "polymeric lyotropic liquid
crystals" unless otherwise specified.
[0021] In general, liquid phases refer to the manner in which
molecules, in this case cationic polymers and the anionic detersive
surfactants, are arranged in space within a phase (this case
involves a continuous aqueous phase). This phase is significantly
more ordered than an ordinary liquid, but significantly less
ordered than crystalline solids. If we consider a crystalline solid
to have order in all directions, X, Y and Z then liquid crystals
are phases that are ordered or crystalline in only one or two of
their three possible orthogonal directions and are disordered
(random or liquid-like) in the other dimensions. Cross-linked
polymers have the back bones of the polymers chemically bound to
each other. This forms a 3-dimensional polymer structure and
without being bound by theory, the desired lytropic liquid crystal
consist as layers of polymer and surfactant and hence the polymer
needs a certain degree of flexibility to form the liquid crystal
phase. The inflexibility of the cross-linked polymer is therefore
not preferred. Reference: Chapter 8 "The Aqueous Phase Behavior of
Surfactants" by R. G. Laughlin. Lamellar liquid crystals are
ordered in only the Z direction perpendicular to the plane of the
layers and disordered in the X & Y directions within the plane
of the layers. Preferably, lamellar liquid crystals are formed in
the cleansing composition of the present invention and incorporate
non-crosslinked cationic polymers.
[0022] Liquid crystals are substances that possess mechanical
properties resembling those of fluids, yet are capable of
transmitting light when viewed with cross polars (birefringence)
under static conditions. Some cases may show Bragg reflections
characteristic of a well-defined molecular spacing. They have high
degrees of orientational order and chain extensions.
[0023] The light microscopy of liquid crystals is described in The
Microscopy of Liquid Crystals, Norman Hartshorne, Microscopy
Publications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A., 1974. Birefringence
occurs in general for mesomorphic states. Methods for microscopic
observation and evaluation are discussed in Chapter 1, pp.1-20, and
in Chapter 6, pp. 79-90. A preferred method for determining
occurrence of liquid crystals is by observing birefringence (a
non-limiting example of which is formation of maltese crosses) of
thin liquid crystal films between glass slides or from thin slices
of a material under a polarizing microscope.
[0024] Liquid crystals are known to be used as thickeners in
shampoo compositions. The formation of lamellar phase liquid
crystals in surfactant systems is disclosed (in the context of
thickening the product) in U.S. Pat. No.5,556,628, WO2001005932 and
EP796615.
[0025] It is also known to use polymers to form liquid crystalline
phases for the sole purpose of thickening (often called thickening
gels). EP 796614 teaches the use of polymers to thicken shampoos,
but teach a class of polymers known to cross-link. Moreover,
EP796614 teaches the use of inverse emulsion preparation of the
polymer gel, which is a technique synonymous with cross-linked
polymers.
[0026] A further embodiment of the present invention concerns the
surprising discovery that particular types of polymeric liquid
crystals yield improved conditioning, even without the presence of
any additional conditioning agents. Without being limited by
theory, these correspond to large and/or more viscous polymeric
liquid crystals. The following table exemplifies several of the
highly preferred polymers and their liquid crystal size and their
theological property as measured by the storage modulus G'.
[0027] The liquid crystal size was measured via standard polarized
light microscopy and the size reported as a range based on a finite
number of observations. The observed size depends greatly on the
preparation technique (for example, the amount of shear in making
the cleansing composition) and the following data were measured
using a standardized making procedure. The theological property G'
is defined as the storage modulus and is the part of the shear
stress that is in phase with the (shear) strain divided by the
strain under sinusoidal conditions. The units of measure are Pa.
Additional information may be obtained from "An Introduction to
Rheology" by Barnes et al., Elsevier, 1998, incorporated herein by
reference.
1 Polymeric Liquid G' of Polymeric MW Crystal size microns liquid
crystal MAPTAC (0) 220,000 5-7 500 HMW MAPTAC (1) 860,000 7-9 1000
HHMW MAPTAC (2) 1,500,000 8-10 1500 Diquat (3) 900,000 9-11 750
(0), (1), (2) 1-Propanaminium,
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-prope- nyl)amino]-, chloride;
(Poly(Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride)) (3)
Methacryloamidopropyl-pentamethyl-1,3-propylene-2-- ol-ammonium
dichloride
[0028] These data refer to homopolymers of the preferred synthetic
cationic polymers, and clearly demonstrate that synthetic cationic
polymers with higher molecular weight yield larger polymeric liquid
crystals sizes and liquid crystals with higher values of G'.
[0029] The inventors have discovered that production of the
preferred type of polymeric liquid crystal can be achieved through
utilizing the polymers with the following characteristics:
[0030] a. a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about
4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density of at least 5 meq/gm, or
[0031] b. an average molecular weight of at least 500,000, or
[0032] c. A copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer
units and one or more nonionic monomer units or monomer units
bearing a terminal negative charge wherein the subsequent charge of
the copolymer is positive.
[0033] A further objective of the present invention is to deposit
efficacious levels of dispersed conditioning agent particles. U.S.
Pat. No. 5,756,436 (Royce et al.) teaches the use of certain
cationic deposition polymers for improved deposition of particles,
dispersions and mixes thereof. The polymers taught herein all
provide significant benefits (as demonstrated herein) and
structurally differ from those taught by Royce et al. by at least
one of the above criteria. Royce et al. teaches away from
copolymers and teaches low molecular weights and different charge
densities versus those taught herein. The use of such polymers is
also taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,118, WO 9726860, EP 231997 and
WO9729736; the latter requiring the use of zwitterionic and
amphoteric surfactants--a restriction not required herein.
[0034] In one embodiment, the personal cleansing compositions of
the present invention include surfactant, a cationic polymer and
water. In another preferred embodiment the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention include surfactant, a
cationic polymer, conditioning agent and water. Each of these
components, as well as other preferred or optional components, are
described in detail hereinafter.
[0035] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include solvents or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.
[0036] All molecular weights as used herein are weight average
molecular weights expressed as grams/mole, unless otherwise
specified.
[0037] The term "charge density", as used herein, refers to the
ratio of the number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of
which a polymer is comprised to the molecular weight of said
monomeric unit. The charge density multiplied by the polymer
molecular weight determines the number of positively charged sites
on a given polymer chain.
[0038] Herein, "comprising" means that other steps and other
ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This
term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of". The compositions and methods/processes of the
present invention can comprise, consist of, and consist essentially
of the essential elements and limitations of the invention
described herein, as well as any of the additional or optional
ingredients, components, steps, or limitations described
herein.
[0039] The term "fluid" as used herein, means a liquid or a gas
which tends to take the shape of its container, container being the
wall of the flexible hollow particles.
[0040] The term "lamellar liquid crystal" as used herein, means a
material that is ordered in only the Z direction perpendicular to
the plane of the layers and disordered in the X & Y directions
within the plane of the layers.
[0041] The term "liquid crystal" as used herein, means a material
having phases that are ordered and/or crystalline in only one or
two of their three possible orthogonal directions and are
disordered (random and/or liquid-like) in the other dimensions.
[0042] The term "lyotropic" as used herein, means a material is
formed through changes in solution behavior of the ingredients. The
changes involve thermal and solvation energies.
[0043] The term "phase separation" as used herein, means the
formation of two thermodynamically stable liquid phases which
exist, not as distinct bulk layers, but as a stable emulsion
comprising droplets of one phase dispersed in another phase.
[0044] The term "polymer" as used herein shall include materials
whether made by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by
two (i.e., copolymers) or more types of monomers.
[0045] The term "suitable for application to human hair" as used
herein, means that the compositions or components thereof so
described are suitable for use in contact with human hair and the
scalp and skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility,
instability, allergic response, and the like.
[0046] The term "water soluble" as used herein, means that the
polymer is soluble in water in the present composition. In general,
the polymer should be soluble at 25.degree. C. at a concentration
of 0.1% by weight of the water solvent, preferably at 1%, more
preferably at 5%, more preferably at 15%.
[0047] As used herein, "nonvolatile" refers to any material having
little or no significant vapor pressure under ambient conditions,
and a boiling point under one atmosphere (atm) preferably at least
about 250.degree. C. The vapor pressure under such conditions is
preferably less than about 0.2 mm.
[0048] All cited references are incorporated herein by reference in
their entireties. Citation of any reference is not an admission
regarding any determination as to its availability as prior art to
the claimed invention.
[0049] Detersive Surfactant Component
[0050] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
an anionic detersive surfactant component to provide cleaning
performance to the composition. The anionic detersive surfactant
component in turn comprises anionic detersive surfactant,
zwitterionic or amphoteric detersive surfactant which has an
attached group that is anionic at the pH of the composition, or a
combination thereof, preferably anionic detersive surfactant. Such
surfactants should be physically and chemically compatible with the
essential components described herein, or should not otherwise
unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.
[0051] Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in
the shampoo composition herein include those which are known for
use in hair care or other personal care cleansing compositions. The
concentration of the anionic surfactant component in the shampoo
composition should be sufficient to provide the desired cleaning
and lather performance, and generally range from about 5% to about
50%, preferably from about 8% to about 30%, more preferably from
about 10% to about 25%, even more preferably from about 12% to
about 18%, by weight of the composition.
[0052] Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the
shampoo compositions are the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These
materials have the respective formulae ROSO.sub.3M and
RO(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.xSO.sub.3- M, wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl
of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is an integer having a
value of from 1 to 10, and M is a cation such as ammonium,
alkanolamines, such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals, such as
sodium and potassium, and polyvalent metal cations, such as
magnesium, and calcium.
[0053] Preferably, R has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms,
more preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, even more
preferably from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, in both the
alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. The alkyl ether sulfates are
typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and
monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms.
The alcohols can be synthetic or they can be derived from fats,
e.g., coconut oil, palm kernel oil, tallow. Lauryl alcohol and
straight chain alcohols derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil
are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted with between about 0 and
about 10, preferably from about 2 to about 5, more preferably about
3, molar proportions of ethylene oxide, and the resulting mixture
of molecular species having, for example, an average of 3 moles of
ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, is sulfated and
neutralized.
[0054] Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the
water-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction products
conforming to the formula [R.sup.1--SO.sub.3--M] where R.sup.1 is a
straight or branched chain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon
radical having from about 8 to about 24, preferably about 10 to
about 18, carbon atoms; and M is a cation described
hereinbefore.
[0055] Still other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are the
reaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid
and neutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty
acids are derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or
potassium salts of fatty acid amides of methyl tauride in which the
fatty acids, for example, are derived from coconut oil or palm
kernel oil. Other similar anionic surfactants are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 2,486,921; U.S. Pat. No. 2,486,922; and U.S. Pat. No.
2,396,278, U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,880 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,436
(Royce et al.) which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0056] Preferred anionic detersive surfactants for use in the
shampoo compositions include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium
laureth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine
laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine
laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine
laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine
laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl
sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,
potassium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium
lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium
cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate,
sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl
sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl
sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl
sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene
sulfonate, and combinations thereof.
[0057] Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants
for use in the shampoo composition herein include those which are
known for use in hair care or other personal care cleansing
composition, and which contain a group that is anionic at the pH of
the shampoo composition. Concentration of such amphoteric detersive
surfactants preferably ranges from about 0.5% to about 20%,
preferably from about 1% to about 10%, by weight of the
composition. Non limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or
amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646
(Bolich Jr. et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609 (Bolich Jr. et al.),
which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0058] Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the
shampoo composition are well known in the art, and include those
surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary
and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight
or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents
contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an
anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
[0059] Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the
shampoo composition are well known in the art, and include those
surfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic
quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which
the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain, and
wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group such as
carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate.
Zwitterionics such as betaines are preferred.
[0060] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may
further comprise additional surfactants for use in combination with
the anionic detersive surfactant component described hereinbefore.
Suitable optional surfactants include nonionic surfactants,
cationic surfactants, and combinations thereof. Any such surfactant
known in the art for use in hair or personal care products may be
used, provided that the optional additional surfactant is also
chemically and physically compatible with the essential components
of the shampoo composition, or does not otherwise unduly impair
product performance, aesthetics or stability. The concentration of
the optional additional surfactants in the shampoo composition may
vary with the cleansing or lather performance desired, the optional
surfactant selected, the desired product concentration, the
presence of other components in the composition, and other factors
well known in the art.
[0061] Non limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic,
amphoteric or optional additional surfactants suitable for use in
the shampoo compositions are described in McCutcheon's, Emulsifiers
and Detergents, 1989 Annual, published by M. C. Publishing Co., and
U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678, U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072; U.S. Pat. No.
2,438,091; U.S. Pat. No. 2,528,378, which descriptions are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0062] Synthetic Cationic Polymer
[0063] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise
certain cationic deposition or conditioning polymers that, in
combination with the anionic surfactant component and other
essential components herein, form polymeric liquid crystals. The
polymers can be formulated in a stable shampoo composition that
provides improved conditioning performance when formulated without
additional conditioning actives, and also provides improved
deposition of the conditioning agent particles (described herein)
onto hair. The cationic synthetic polymer may be formed from
[0064] i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally
[0065] ii) one or more momomer units bearing a terminal negative
charge, and/or
[0066] iii) a functional nonionic momomer,
[0067] wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive.
The ratio of the three types of monomers is given by m, p and q
where m is the number of cationic monomers, p the number of
momomers bearing a terminal negative charge and q is the number of
functional nonionic momomers.
[0068] The synthetic cationic polymers suitable for use in the
shampoo composition herein are water soluble or dispersible, non
crosslinked, cationic polymers having the following structure:
1
[0069] Where A, may be one or more of the following cationic
moieties: 2
[0070] Where @=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or
alkylaryl.
[0071] Where Y.dbd.C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or
aryloxy
[0072] Where .PSI.=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl
aryloxy
[0073] Where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy
[0074] Where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl
[0075] Where s=0 or 1, n=0 or >1
[0076] Where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl
[0077] Where X.sup.-=halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or
alkylsulfate
[0078] Examples of cationic monomers consist of aminoalkyl
(meth)acrylates, (meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers
comprising at least one secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine
function, or a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom,
vinylamine or ethylenimine; diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their
mixtures, their salts, and macromonomers deriving from
therefrom.
[0079] Further examples of cationic monomers include
dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine,
4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,
trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate,
dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,
4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl
ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl
(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,
diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
[0080] Preferred cationic monomers comprise quaternary ammonium
group of formula --NR.sub.3.sup.+, wherein R, which is identical or
different, represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1
to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, optionally carrying a
hydroxyl group, and comprise an anion (counter-ion). Examples of
anions are halides such as chloride and bromides, sulphates,
hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (for example comprising 1 to 6
carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates, and acetates.
[0081] Preferred cationic monomers include trimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate
methyl sulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl
chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride,
trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl
ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride.
[0082] More preferred cationic monomers include trimethyl ammonium
propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride.
[0083] Where the monomer bearing a terminal negative charge is
defined by R2'=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl and R3 as: 3
[0084] Where D=electronegative element chosen between oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur
[0085] Where Q=NH2 or 0
[0086] Where u=1-6
[0087] Where t=0-1
[0088] J=oxygenated functional group containing the following
elements P, S, C
[0089] Examples of monomers bearing a terminal negative charge
include alpha ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising a
phosphate or phosphonate group, alpha ethylenically unsaturated
monocarboxylic acids, monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically
unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alpha
ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha ethylenically
unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acid group, and salts
of alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic
acid group.
[0090] Preferred monomers with a terminal negative charge include
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of
vinyl sulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of
vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic
acid, salts of alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid,
2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS), salts of
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, and styrenesulphonate
(SS).
[0091] Where the functional nonionic monomer is defined by R2"=H,
C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl
aryl, aryl oxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryl oxy and , is defined as 4
[0092] Where G' and G"=O, S or N--H and L=0 or 1.
[0093] Examples of such nonionic monomers include vinyl acetate,
amides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters
of an alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an
hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide
(meth)acrylate (i.e. polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid),
monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic
acids, monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamine amides, vinyl
alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.
[0094] Preferred nonionic monomers include styrene, acrylamide,
methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,
n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,
ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,
2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,
2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.
[0095] The concentration of the cationic polymer in the shampoo
composition ranges about 0.025% to about 5%, preferably from about
0.1% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%, by
weight of the composition.
[0096] The anionic counterion (X.sup.-) in association with the
cationic conditioning polymers may be any known counterion so long
as the polymers remain soluble or dispersible in water, in the
shampoo composition, or in a coacervate phase of the shampoo
composition, and so long as the counterions are physically and
chemically compatible with the essential components of the shampoo
composition or do not otherwise unduly impair product performance,
stability or aesthetics. Non limiting examples of such counterions
include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine),
sulfate and methylsulfate.
[0097] Homopolymer
[0098] The cationic polymer, by definition must contain cationic
monomers and hence m must be greater than 1. However, in the case
of homopolymers, there is only cationic monomers and hence p and q
are zero. The homopolymer has either a cationic charge density of
from about 2 meq/gm to about 4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density
of at least 5 meq/gm or an average molecular weight of at at least
500,000.
[0099] Highly preferred synthetic cationic hompolymers have high
charge densities of from about 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm. Other
highly preferred synthetic cationic homopolymers have high charge
densities of from about 7 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm. The following
structures are highly preferred synthetic cationic homopolymers. In
the case of R1=CH3, the charge density is 5.60 when n=1.
[0100]
(Methacryloamidopropyl-pentamethyl-1,3-propylene-2-ol-ammonium
dichloride example 6), in the case or R1=CH3, the charge density is
6.07 when n=2
(N,N,N,N',N',N",N"-heptamethyl-N"-3-(1-oxo-2-methyl-2-propenyl)a-
minopropyl-9-oxo-8-azo-decane-1,4,10-triammonium trichloride.
example 7) and in the case of R1=H, the charge density is 4.88 when
n=0 (example 8). 5
[0101] Another class of highly preferred homopolymers have an
average molecular weight of about 500,000 to about 5 million,
preferably from about 500,000 to about 2,000,000, and more
preferably from about 750,000 to about 1,250,000. A highly
preferred homopolymer conforms to the following structure (Examples
1-5): 6
[0102] wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each of
R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a short
chain alkyl having from about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, preferably
from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1
to about 2 carbon atoms; n is an integer having a value of from
about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 1 to about 4; and X is a
counterion. The nitrogen attached to R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4
may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but is
preferably a quaternary ammonium wherein each of R.sup.2, R.sup.3
and R.sup.4 are alkyl groups.
[0103] Copolymers
[0104] The copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer units
and one or more momomer units bearing a terminal negative charge or
a functional nonionic momomer, wherein the subsequent charge of the
copolymer is positive. In the case of the preferred copolymers p
and/or q are greater than 1. In the case that there are monomers
with units bearing a terminal negative charge, the overall polymer
should be positive in charge and hence m>p.
[0105] A highly preferred synthetic cationic copolymer has charge
densities of from about 2 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm, preferably
from about 3 meq/gm to about 8 meq/gm. Another class of highly
preferred copolymers has an average molecular weight of about 1,000
to about 5,000,000, preferably from about 100,000 to about
2,000,000
[0106] Examples of highly preferred copolymers include (these being
exemplified in examples 11-15): 7
[0107] and (these being further exemplified in examples 16, 17 and
19): 8
[0108] Where A, may be one or more of the following cationic
moieties: 9
[0109] Where @=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or
alkylaryl.
[0110] Where Y.dbd.C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or
aryloxy
[0111] Where .PSI.=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl
aryloxy
[0112] Where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy
[0113] Where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl
[0114] Where s=0 or 1, n=0 or >1
[0115] Where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl
[0116] Where X.sup.-=halogeno, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or
alkylsulfate
[0117] Examples of cationic monomers consist of aminoalkyl
(meth)acrylates, (meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers
comprising at least one secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine
function, or a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom,
vinylamine or ethylenimine; diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their
mixtures, their salts, and macromonomers deriving from
therefrom.
[0118] Further examples of cationic monomers include
dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine,
4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride,
trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulphate,
dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,
4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethyl
ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl
(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,
diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
[0119] Preferred cationic monomers comprise quaternary ammonium
group of formula --NR.sub.3.sup.+, wherein R, which is identical or
different, represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1
to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, optionally carrying a
hydroxyl group, and comprise an anion (counter-ion). Examples of
anions are halides such as chloride and bromides, sulphates,
hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (for example comprising 1 to 6
carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates, and acetates.
[0120] Preferred cationic monomers include trimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate
methyl sulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl
chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride,
trimethyl ammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl
ammonium propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride.
[0121] More preferred cationic monomers include trimethyl ammonium
propyl (meth)acrylamido chloride.
[0122] Where the monomer bearing a terminal negative charge is
defined by R2'=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl and R3 as: 10
[0123] Where D=electronegative element chosen between oxygen,
nitrogen, sulfur
[0124] Where Q=NH2 or 0
[0125] Where u=1-6
[0126] Where t=0-1
[0127] J=oxygenated functional group containing the following
elements P, S, C
[0128] Examples of monomers bearing a terminal negative charge
include alpha ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising a
phosphate or phosphonate group, alpha ethylenically unsaturated
monocarboxylic acids, monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically
unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alpha
ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha ethylenically
unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acid group, and salts
of alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic
acid group.
[0129] Preferred monomers with a terminal negative charge include
acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of
vinyl sulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of
vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic
acid, salts of alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid,
2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS), salts of
acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, and styrenesulphonate
(SS).
[0130] Where the functional nonionic monomer is defined by R2"=H,
C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl
aryl, aryl oxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryl oxy and V is defined as 11
[0131] Where G' and G"=O, S or N--H and L=0 or 1.
[0132] Examples of such nonionic monomers include vinyl acetate,
amides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters
of an alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an
hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide
(meth)acrylate (i.e. polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid),
monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic
acids, monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated
dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamine amides, vinyl
alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.
[0133] Preferred nonionic monomers include styrene, acrylamide,
methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,
n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,
ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,
2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,
2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.
[0134] Aqueous Carrier
[0135] The compositions of the present invention are typically in
the form of pourable liquids (under ambient conditions). The
compositions will therefore typically comprise an aqueous carrier,
which is present at a level of from about 20% to about 95%,
preferably from about 60% to about 85%, by weight of the
compositions. The aqueous carrier may comprise water, or a miscible
mixture of water and organic solvent, but preferably comprises
water with minimal or no significant concentrations of organic
solvent, except as otherwise incidentally incorporated into the
composition as minor ingredients of other essential or optional
components.
[0136] Optional Components
[0137] Conditioning Agent
[0138] Conditioning agents include any material which is used to
give a particular conditioning benefit to hair and/or skin. In hair
treatment compositions, suitable conditioning agents are those
which deliver one or more benefits relating to shine, softness,
combability, antistatic properties, wet-handling, damage,
manageability, body, and greasiness. The conditioning agents useful
in the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention
typically comprise a water insoluble, water dispersible,
non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified, liquid particles or are
solubilized by the surfactant micelles, in the anionic detersive
surfactant component (described above). Suitable conditioning
agents for use in the personal cleansing composition are those
conditioning agents characterized generally as silicones (e.g.
silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive
silicones, and silicone resins), organic conditioning oils (e.g.
hydrocarbon oils, polyolefins, and fatty esters) or combinations
thereof, or those conditioning agents which otherwise form liquid,
dispersed, particles in the aqueous surfactant matrix herein. Such
conditioning agents should be physically and chemically compatible
with the essential components of the composition, and should not
otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics or
performance.
[0139] The concentration of the conditioning agent in the personal
cleansing composition should be sufficient to provide the desired
conditioning benefits, and as will be apparent to one of ordinary
skill in the art. Such concentration can vary with the conditioning
agent, the conditioning performance desired, the average size of
the conditioning agent particles, the type and concentration of
other components, and other like factors.
[0140] 1. Silicones
[0141] The conditioning agent of the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention is preferably an insoluble
silicone conditioning agent. The silicone conditioning agent
particles may comprise volatile silicone, non-volatile silicone, or
combinations thereof. Preferred are non-volatile silicone
conditioning agents. If volatile silicones are present, it will
typically be incidental to their use as a solvent or carrier for
commercially available forms of non-volatile silicone materials
ingredients, such as silicone gums and resins. The silicone
conditioning agent particles may comprise a silicone fluid
conditioning agent and may also comprise other ingredients, such as
a silicone resin to improve silicone fluid deposition efficiency or
enhance glossiness of the hair (especially when high refractive
index (e.g. above about 1.46) silicone conditioning agents are used
(e.g. highly phenylated silicones).
[0142] The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent
typically ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the
composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more
preferably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about
0.2% to about 3%. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone
conditioning agents, and optional suspending agents for the
silicone, are described in U.S. Reissue Pat. No. 34,584, U.S. Pat.
No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609, which descriptions are
incorporated herein by reference. The silicone conditioning agents
for use in the personal cleansing compositions of the present
invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at 25.degree.
C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes ("csk"), more
preferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 csk, even more
preferably from about 50,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, more
preferably from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000 csk.
[0143] The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles
typically have a volume average particle diameter ranging from
about 5 .mu.m to about 125 .mu.m. For small particle application to
hair, the volume average particle diameters typically range from
about 0.01 .mu.m to about 4 .mu.m, preferably from about 0.01 .mu.m
to about 2 .mu.m, more preferably from about 0.01 .mu.m to about
0.5 .mu.m. For larger particle application to hair, the volume
average particle diameters typically range from about 5 .mu.m to
about 125 .mu.m, preferably from about 10 .mu.m to about 90 .mu.m,
more preferably from about 15 .mu.m to about 70 .mu.m, more
preferably from about 20 .mu.m to about 50 .mu.m.
[0144] Background material on silicones including sections
discussing silicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as
manufacture of silicones, are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer
Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204-308, John Wiley
& Sons, Inc. (1989), incorporated herein by reference.
[0145] a. Silicone Oils
[0146] Silicone fluids include silicone oils, which are flowable
silicone materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25.degree.
C., less than 1,000,000 csk, preferably from about 5 csk to about
1,000,000 csk, more preferably from about 10 csk to about 100,000
csk. Suitable silicone oils for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention include polyalkyl siloxanes,
polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, polyether siloxane
copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Other insoluble, non-volatile
silicone fluids having hair conditioning properties may also be
used.
[0147] Silicone oils include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes which
conform to the following Formula (I): 12
[0148] wherein R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or
aryl, R can be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer
from 1 to about 8,000. Suitable unsubstituted R groups for use in
the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention
include, but are not limited to: alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl,
arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino, and ether-substituted,
hydroxyl-substituted, and halogen-substituted aliphatic and aryl
groups. Suitable R groups also include cationic amines and
quaternary ammonium groups.
[0149] Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C.sub.1 to
C.sub.5 alkyls and alkenyls, more preferably from C.sub.1 to
C.sub.4, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.2. The aliphatic
portions of other alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containing groups
(such as alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight or branched
chains, and are preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.5, more preferably
from C.sub.1 to C.sub.4, even more preferably from C.sub.1 to
C.sub.3, more preferably from C.sub.1 to C.sub.2. As discussed
above, the R substituents can also contain amino functionalities
(e.g. alkamino groups), which can be primary, secondary or tertiary
amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di- and
tri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the aliphatic
portion chain length is preferably as described above.
[0150] b. Cationic Silicones
[0151] Cationic silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention include, but are
not limited to, those which conform to the general formula
(II):
(R.sub.1).sub.aG.sub.3-a-Si--(--OSiG.sub.2).sub.n-(--OSiG.sub.b(R.sub.1).s-
ub.2-b).sub.m--O--SiG.sub.3-a(R.sub.1).sub.a
[0152] wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy, or C.sub.1-C.sub.8
alkyl, preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value from
1 to 3, preferably 0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from
0 to 1,999, preferably from 49 to 149; m is an integer from 1 to
2,000, preferably from 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from
1 to 2,000, preferably from 50 to 500; R.sub.1 is a monovalent
radical conforming to the general formula CqH.sub.2qL, wherein q is
an integer having a value from 2 to 8 and L is selected from the
following groups:
--N(R.sub.2)CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--N(R.sub.2).sub.2
--N(R.sub.2).sub.2
--N(R.sub.2).sub.3A.sup.-
--N(R.sub.2)CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--NR.sub.2H.sub.2A.sup.-
[0153] wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, or a saturated
hydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical from about C.sub.1
to about C.sub.20, and A.sup.- is a halide ion.
[0154] An especially preferred cationic silicone corresponding to
formula (II) is the polymer known as
"trimethylsilylamodimethicone", which is shown below in formula
(III): 13
[0155] Other silicone cationic polymers which may be used in the
personal cleansing compositions of the present invention are
represented by the general formula (IV): 14
[0156] wherein R.sup.3 is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical from
C.sub.1 to C.sub.18, preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical, such
as methyl; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon radical, preferably a C.sub.1
to C.sub.18 alkylene radical or a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 alkyleneoxy
radical, more preferably a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyleneoxy radical;
Q.sup.- is a halide ion, preferably chloride; r is an average
statistical value from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 8; s is an
average statistical value from 20 to 200, preferably from 20 to 50.
A preferred polymer of this class is known as UCARE SILICONE ALE
56.TM., available from Union Carbide.
[0157] c. Silicone Gums
[0158] Other silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are the insoluble
silicone gums. These gums are polyorganosiloxane materials having a
viscosity, as measured at 25.degree. C., of greater than or equal
to 1,000,000 csk. Silicone gums are described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,152,416; Noll and Walter, Chemistry and Technology of Silicones,
New York: Academic Press (1968); and in General Electric Silicone
Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76, all of
which are incorporated herein by reference. The silicone gums will
typically have a weight average molecular weight in excess of about
200,000, preferably from about 200,000 to about 1,000,000. Specific
non-limiting examples of silicone gums for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention include
polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane)
copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (diphenyl
siloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane- ) copolymer and mixtures
thereof.
[0159] d. High Refractive Index Silicones
[0160] Other non-volatile, insoluble silicone fluid conditioning
agents that are suitable for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention are those known as "high
refractive index silicones," having a refractive index of at least
about 1.46, preferably at least about 1.48, more preferably at
least about 1.52, more preferably at least about 1.55. The
refractive index of the polysiloxane fluid will generally be less
than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. In this context,
polysiloxane "fluid" includes oils as well as gums.
[0161] The high refractive index polysiloxane fluid includes those
represented by general Formula (I) above, as well as cyclic
polysiloxanes such as those represented by Formula (V) below:
15
[0162] wherein R is as defined above, and n is a number from about
3 to about 7, preferably from about 3 to about 5.
[0163] The high refractive index polysiloxane fluids contain an
amount of aryl-containing R substituents sufficient to increase the
refractive index to the desired level, which is described above.
Additionally, R and n must be selected so that the material is
non-volatile.
[0164] Aryl-containing substituents include those which contain
alicyclic and heterocyclic five and six member aryl rings and those
which contain fused five or six member rings. The aryl rings
themselves can be substituted or unsubstituted.
[0165] Generally, the high refractive index polysiloxane fluids
will have a degree of aryl-containing substituents of at least
about 15%, preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least
about 25%, even more preferably at least about 35%, more preferably
at least about 50%. Typically, the degree of aryl substitution will
be less than about 90%, more generally less than about 85%,
preferably from about 55% to about 80%.
[0166] Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have a
combination of phenyl or phenyl derivative substituents (more
preferably phenyl), with alkyl substituents, preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl (more preferably methyl), hydroxy, or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkylamino (especially --R.sup.1NHR.sup.2NH2
wherein each R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently is a C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkyl, alkenyl, and/or alkoxy).
[0167] When high refractive index silicones are used in the
personal cleansing compositions of the present invention, they are
preferably used in solution with a spreading agent, such as a
silicone resin or a surfactant, to reduce the surface tension by a
sufficient amount to enhance spreading and thereby enhance the
glossiness (subsequent to drying) of hair treated with the
compositions.
[0168] Silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 2,826,551, U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,500, U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,837,
British Pat. No. 849,433, and Silicon Compounds, Petrarch Systems,
Inc. (1984), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0169] e. Silicone Resins
[0170] Silicone resins may be included in the silicone conditioning
agent of the personal cleansing compositions of the present
invention. These resins are highly cross-linked polymeric siloxane
systems. The cross-linking is introduced through the incorporation
of trifunctional and tetrafunctional silanes with monofunctional or
difunctional, or both, silanes during manufacture of the silicone
resin.
[0171] Silicone materials and silicone resins in particular, can
conveniently be identified according to a shorthand nomenclature
system known to those of ordinary skill in the art as "MDTQ"
nomenclature. Under this system, the silicone is described
according to presence of various siloxane monomer units which make
up the silicone. Briefly, the symbol M denotes the monofunctional
unit (CH.sub.3).sub.3SiO.sub.0.5; D denotes the difunctional unit
(CH.sub.3).sub.2SiO; T denotes the trifunctional unit
(CH.sub.3)SiO.sub.1.5; and Q denotes the quadra- or
tetra-functional unit SiO.sub.2. Primes of the unit symbols (e.g.
M', D', T', and Q') denote substituents other than methyl, and must
be specifically defined for each occurrence.
[0172] Preferred silicone resins for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited
to MQ, MT, MTQ, MDT and MDTQ resins. Methyl is a preferred silicone
substituent. Especially preferred silicone resins are MQ resins,
wherein the M:Q ratio is from about 0.5:1.0 to about 1.5:1.0 and
the average molecular weight of the silicone resin is from about
1000 to about 10,000.
[0173] The weight ratio of the non-volatile silicone fluid, having
refractive index below 1.46, to the silicone resin component, when
used, is preferably from about 4:1 to about 400:1, more preferably
from about 9:1 to about 200:1, more preferably from about 19:1 to
about 100:1, particularly when the silicone fluid component is a
polydimethylsiloxane fluid or a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane
fluid and polydimethylsiloxane gum as described above. Insofar as
the silicone resin forms a part of the same phase in the
compositions hereof as the silicone fluid, i.e. the conditioning
active, the sum of the fluid and resin should be included in
determining the level of silicone conditioning agent in the
composition.
[0174] 2. Organic Conditioning Oils
[0175] The conditioning component of the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention may also comprise from about
0.05% to about 3%, by weight of the composition, preferably from
about 0.08% to about 1.5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about
1%, of at least one organic conditioning oil as the conditioning
agent, either alone or in combination with other conditioning
agents, such as the silicones (described above).
[0176] a. Hydrocarbon Oils
[0177] Suitable organic conditioning oils for use as conditioning
agents in the personal cleansing compositions of the present
invention include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having
at least about 10 carbon atoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons,
straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated),
and branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (saturated or
unsaturated), including polymers and mixtures thereof. Straight
chain hydrocarbon oils preferably are from about C.sub.12 to about
C.sub.19. Branched chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbon
polymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.
[0178] Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils
include paraffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated
dodecane, saturated and unsaturated tridecane, saturated and
unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and unsaturated pentadecane,
saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and
mixtures thereof. Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as
well as of higher chain length hydrocarbons, can also be used,
examples of which include highly branched, saturated or
unsaturated, alkanes such as the permethyl-substituted isomers,
e.g., the permethyl-substituted isomers of hexadecane and eicosane,
such as 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8, 8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2,
4, 4, 6, 6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane- , available from Permethyl
Corporation. Hydrocarbon polymers such as polybutene and
polydecene. A preferred hydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as
the copolymer of isobutylene and butene. A commercially available
material of this type is L-14 polybutene from Amoco Chemical
Corporation.
[0179] b. Polyolefins
[0180] Organic conditioning oils for use in the personal cleansing
compositions of the present invention can also include liquid
polyolefins, more preferably liquid poly-.alpha.-olefins, more
preferably hydrogenated liquid poly-.alpha.-olefins. Polyolefins
for use herein are prepared by polymerization of C.sub.4 to about
C.sub.14 olefenic monomers, preferably from about C.sub.6 to about
C.sub.12.
[0181] Non-limiting examples of olefenic monomers for use in
preparing the polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene,
propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene,
1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, branched chain isomers such as
4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof. Also suitable for
preparing the polyolefin liquids are olefin-containing refinery
feedstocks or effluents. Preferred hydrogenated .alpha.-olefin
monomers include, but are not limited to: 1-hexene to
1-hexadecenes, 1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.
[0182] c. Fatty Esters
[0183] Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use as the
conditioning agent in the personal cleansing compositions of the
present invention include, but are not limited to, fatty esters
having at least 10 carbon atoms. These fatty esters include esters
with hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g.
mono-esters, polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tri-carboxylic
acid esters). The hydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof
may include or have covalently bonded thereto other compatible
functionalities, such as amides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy
or ether linkages, etc.).
[0184] Specific examples of preferred fatty esters include, but are
not limited to: isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl
laurate, isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate,
isodecyl oleate, hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl
isostearate, dihexyldecyl adipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl
lactate, cetyl lactate, oleyl stearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl
myristate, lauryl acetate, cetyl propionate, and oleyl adipate.
[0185] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are mono-carboxylic
acid esters of the general formula R'COOR, wherein R' and R are
alkyl or alkenyl radicals, and the sum of carbon atoms in R' and R
is at least 10, preferably at least 22.
[0186] Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are di- and
tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as esters of
C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 dicarboxylic acids (e.g. C.sub.1 to C.sub.22
esters, preferably C, to C.sub.6, of succinic acid, glutaric acid,
adipic acid,). Specific non-limiting examples of di- and tri-alkyl
and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids include isocetyl stearyol
stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tristearyl citrate.
[0187] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are those known as
polyhydric alcohol esters. Such polyhydric alcohol esters include
alkylene glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol mono and di-fatty
acid esters, diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters,
polyethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene
glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol
monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000 monostearate, ethoxylated
propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl mono- and di-fatty acid
esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty acid esters, ethoxylated glyceryl
monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol
distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty
acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters.
[0188] Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are glycerides,
including, but not limited to, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides,
preferably di- and tri-glycerides, more preferably triglycerides.
For use in the personal cleansing compositions described herein,
the glycerides are preferably the mono-, di-, and tri-esters of
glycerol and long chain carboxylic acids, such as C.sub.10 to
C.sub.22 carboxylic acids. A variety of these types of materials
can be obtained from vegetable and animal fats and oils, such as
castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, cod
liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil, sesame oil, lanolin
and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to,
triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.
[0189] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal
cleansing compositions of the present invention are water insoluble
synthetic fatty esters. Some preferred synthetic esters conform to
the general Formula (VI): 16
[0190] wherein R' is a C.sub.7 to C.sub.9 alkyl, alkenyl,
hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl group, preferably a saturated alkyl
group, more preferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n is a
positive integer having a value from 2 to 4, preferably 3; and Y is
an alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or alkenyl,
having from about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about
3 to about 14 carbon atoms. Other preferred synthetic esters
conform to the general Formula (VII): 17
[0191] wherein R.sup.2 is a C.sub.8 to C.sub.10 alkyl, alkenyl,
hydroxyalkyl or hydroxyalkenyl group; preferably a saturated alkyl
group, more preferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n and Y
are as defined above in Formula (VII).
[0192] Specific non-limiting examples of suitable synthetic fatty
esters for use in the personal cleansing compositions of the
present invention include: P-43 (C.sub.8-C.sub.10 triester of
trimethylolpropane), MCP-684 (tetraester of 3,3 diethanol-1,5
pentadiol), MCP 121 (C.sub.8-C.sub.10 diester of adipic acid), all
of which are available from Mobil Chemical Company.
[0193] 3. Other Conditioning Agents
[0194] Also suitable for use in the compositions herein are the
conditioning agents described by the Procter & Gamble Company
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,674,478, and 5,750,122, both of which are
incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. Also suitable
for use herein are those conditioning agents described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,529,586 (Clairol), 4,507,280 (Clairol), 4,663,158 (Clairol),
4,197,865 (L'Oreal), 4,217, 914 (L'Oreal), 4,381,919 (L'Oreal), and
4,422, 853 (L'Oreal), all of which descriptions are incorporated
herein by reference.
[0195] Phase Separation Initiator
[0196] The personal cleansing compositions of the present invention
may futher comprise a phase separation initiator. By the term
"phase separation initiators", as used herein, means electrolytes,
amphiphiles or mixtures thereof capable of inducing phase
separation when combined with compositions comprising an anionic
detersive surfactant component surfactant system and the synthetic
cationic polymer.
[0197] By the term "amphiphile" as used herein, means, generally,
substances which contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic
(lipophilic) groups. Amphiphiles preferred for use in the present
invention are those which generally do not form micelles or liquid
crystal phases and include, but are not limited to: amides of fatty
acids; fatty alcohols; fatty esters, glycol mono- and di-esters of
fatty acids; glyceryl esters.
[0198] Yet another class of particularly useful amphiphiles are
fragrances. Typically "fragrance raw materials" comprise inter alia
alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, nitrites, and cyclic
and acyclic alkenes such as terpenes. A listing of common
"fragrance raw materials" can be found in various reference
sources, for example, "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals", Vols. I and
II; Steffen Arctander Allured Pub. Co. (1994), "Perfumes: Art,
Science and Technology"; Muller, P. M. and Lamparsky, D., Blackie
Academic and Professional (1994) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,322 to
Morelli et al., incorporated herein by reference. The phase
separation initiator is incorporated in liquid crystals, and is
therefore deposited on the hair, giving greater fragrance longevity
to the skin or hair.
[0199] Amides, including alkanol amides, are the condensation
products of fatty acids with primary and secondary amines or
alkanolamines to yield products of the general formula: 18
[0200] wherein RCO is a fatty acid radical and R is C.sub.8-20; X
is an alkyl, aromatic or alkanol (CHR'CH.sub.2OH wherein R' is H or
C.sub.1-6 alkyl); Y is H, alkyl, alkanol or X. Suitable amides
include, but are not limited to, cocamide, lauramide, oleamide and
stearamide. Suitable alkanolamides include, but are not limited to,
cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, isostearamide DEA,
isostearamide MEA, isostearamide MIPA, lanolinamide DEA, lauramide
DEA, lauramide MEA, lauramide MIPA, linoleamide DEA, linoleamide
MEA, linoleamide MIPA, myristamide DEA, myristamide MEA,
myristamide MIPA, Oleamide DEA, Oleamide MEA, Oleamide MIPA,
palmamide DEA, palmamide MEA, palmamide MIPA, palmitamide DEA,
palmitamide MEA, palm kernelamide DEA, palm kernelamide MEA, palm
kernelamide MIPA, peanutamide MEA, peanutamide MIPA, soyamide DEA,
stearamide DEA, stearamide MEA, stearamide MIPA, tallamide DEA,
tallowamide DEA, tallowamide MEA, undecylenamide DEA,
undecylenamide MEA. The condensation reaction may be carried out
with free fatty acids or with all types of esters of the fatty
acids, such as fats and oils, and particularly methyl esters. The
reaction conditions and the raw material sources determine the
blend of materials in the end product and the nature of any
impurities.
[0201] Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight, nonvolatile,
primary alcohols having the general formula:
RCH.sub.2OH
[0202] wherein R is a C.sub.8-.sub.20 alkyl. They can be produced
from natural fats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid COOH--
grouping to the hydroxyl function. Alternatively, identical or
similarly structured fatty alcohols can be produced according to
conventional synthetic methods known in the art. Suitable fatty
alcohols include, but are not limited to, behenyl alcohol,
C.sub.9-11 alcohols, C.sub.12-13 alcohols, C.sub.12-15 alcohols,
C.sub.12-16 alcohols, C.sub.14-15 alcohols, caprylic alcohol,
alcohol, coconut alcohol, decyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol,
isostearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, tallow alcohol, tridecyl
alcohol or myristyl alcohol.
[0203] Glyceryl esters comprise a subgroup of esters which are
primarily fatty acid mono- and di-glycerides or triglycerides
modified by reaction with other alcohols and the like. Preferred
glyceryl esters are mono and diglycerides. Suitable glyceryl esters
and derivatives thereof include, but are not limited to, acetylated
hydrogenated tallow glyceride, glyceryl behenate, glyceryl caprate,
glyceryl caprylate, glyceryl caprylate/caprate, glyceryl dilaurate,
glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl erucate, glyceryl hydroxystearate,
glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl lanolate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl
linoleate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl myristate,
glyceryl distearate and mixtures thereof,
[0204] Also useful as amphiphiles in the present invention are long
chain glycol esters or mixtures thereof. Included are ethylene
glycol esters of fatty acids having from about 8 to about 22 carbon
atoms. Fatty esters of the formula RCO-OR' also act as suitable
amphiphiles in the compositions of the present invention, where one
of R and R' is a C.sub.8-22 alkyl and the other is a C.sub.1-3
alkyl.
[0205] The amphiphiles of the present invention may also encompass
a variety of surface active compounds such as nonionic and cationic
surfactants. If incorporated into the compositions of the present
invention, these surface active compounds become additional
surfactants used as amphilphiles for the purpose of initiating
phase separation and are separate and apart from the surfactants of
the surfactant system and the alkyl glyceryl sulfonate surfactant
of the present invention.
[0206] Amphiphiles preferred for use herein include cocamide MEA,
cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol.
[0207] The amphiphiles of the present invention are preferably
present in the personal cleansing compositions at levels of from 0
to about 4%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%.
[0208] Suitable electrolytes include mono-, di- and trivalent
inorganic salts as well as organic salts. Surfactant salts
themselves are not included in the present electrolyte definition
but other salts are. Suitable salts include, but are not limited
to, phosphates, sulfates, nitrates, citrates and halides. The
counter ions of such salts can be, but are not limited to, sodium,
potassium, ammonium, magnesium or other mono-, di and tri valent
cation. Electrolytes most preferred for use in the compositions of
the present invention include sodium chloride, ammonium chloride,
sodium citrate, and magnesium sulfate. It is recognized that these
salts may serve as thickening aids or buffering aids in addition to
their role as a phase separation initiator. The amount of the
electrolyte used will generally depend on the amount of the
amphiphile incorporated, but may be used at concentration levels of
from about 0.1% to about 4%, preferably from about 0.2% to about
2%. More preferably, less than 2% of electrolyte is used in the
cleansing composition of the present invention. Even more
preferably, less than 1% of electrolyte is used in the cleansing
composition of the present invention.
[0209] The amount of phase separation initiator comprising the
electrolyte and/or the amphiphile will vary with the type of
surfactant and polymer, but is preferably present at a level of
from about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to
about 4%, still more preferably from about 0.5% to about 4%, and
yet more preferably from about 1% to about 3%.
[0210] In view of the highly preferred nature and activity of the
phase separation initiators described above, the compositions of
the present invention are, preferably, substantially free of
materials which would prevent the induction or formation of
separate, liquid phases. The term "substantially free", as used
here, means that the compositions of the present invention contain
no more than about 0.5% of such materials, preferably less than
0.25%, more preferably zero. Such materials typically include
ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol and the like.
[0211] The compositions of the present invention are also
preferably substantially free of other ingredients which unduly
minimize the formation of separate and distinct liquid phases,
especially ingredients which do not provide a significant benefit
to the present invention.
[0212] Suspending Agent
[0213] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may
further comprise a suspending agent at concentrations effective for
suspending the polymeric liquid crystal or the dispersed particles
of a water insoluble, conditioning agent, or other water-insoluble,
dispersed material in the shampoo compositions. Such concentrations
range from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to
about 5.0%, by weight of the shampoo compositions.
[0214] Suitable suspending agents include crystalline suspending
agents that can be categorized as acyl derivatives, long chain
amine oxides, or combinations thereof. These suspending agents are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,855, which description is
incorporated herein by reference. These preferred suspending agents
include ethylene glycol esters of fatty acids preferably having
from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms. More preferred are the
ethylene glycol stearates, both mono and distearate, but
particularly the distearate containing less than about 7% of the
mono stearate. Other suitable suspending agents include alkanol
amides of fatty acids, preferably having from about 16 to about 22
carbon atoms, more preferably about 16 to 18 carbon atoms,
preferred examples of which include stearic monoethanolamide,
stearic diethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearic
monoethanolamide stearate. Other long chain acyl derivatives
include long chain esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl
stearate, cetyl palmitate, etc.); glyceryl esters (e.g., glyceryl
distearate) and long chain esters of long chain alkanol amides
(e.g., stearamide diethanolamide distearate, stearamide
monoethanolamide stearate). Long chain acyl derivatives, ethylene
glycol esters of long chain carboxylic acids, long chain amine
oxides, and alkanol amides of long chain carboxylic acids in
addition to the preferred materials listed above may be used as
suspending agents. For example, it is contemplated that suspending
agents with long chain hydrocarbyls having C.sub.8-C.sub.22 chains
may be used.
[0215] Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as
suspending agents include N,N-dihydrocarbyl amido benzoic acid and
soluble salts thereof (e.g., Na, K), particularly
N,N-di(hydrogenated) C.sub.16, C.sub.18 and tallow amido benzoic
acid species of this family, which are commercially available from
Stepan Company (Northfield, Ill., USA).
[0216] Examples of suitable long chain amine oxides for use as
suspending agents include alkyl (C.sub.16-C.sub.22) dimethyl amine
oxides, e.g., stearyl dimethyl amine oxide
[0217] Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines
having a fatty alkyl moiety having at least about 16 carbon atoms,
examples of which include palmitamine or stearamine, and secondary
amines having two fatty alkyl moieties each having at least about
12 carbon atoms, examples of which include dipalmitoylamine or
di(hydrogenated tallow)amine. Still other suitable suspending
agents include di(hydrogenated tallow)phthalic acid amide, and
crosslinked maleic anhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymer.
[0218] Additional Components
[0219] Dispersed Particles
[0220] The composition of the present invention may include
dispersed particles. In the compositions of the present invention,
it is preferable to incorporate at least 0.025% by weight of the
dispersed particles, more preferably at least 0.05%, still more
preferably at least 0.1%, even more preferably at least 0.25%, and
yet more preferably at least 0.5% by weight of the dispersed
particles. In the compositions of the present invention, it is
preferable to incorporate no more than about 20% by weight of the
dispersed particles, more preferably no more than about 10%, still
more preferably no more than 5%, even more preferably no more than
3%, and yet more preferably no more than 2% by weight of the
dispersed particles.
[0221] Anti-Dandruff Actives
[0222] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
an anti-dandruff agent. Suitable, non-limiting examples of
anti-dandruff particulates include: pyridinethione salts, azoles,
selenium sulfide, particulate sulfur, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred are pyridinethione salts. Such anti-dandruff particulate
should be physically and chemically compatible with the essential
components of the composition, and should not otherwise unduly
impair product stability, aesthetics or performance.
[0223] Pyridinethione Salts
[0224] Pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulates, especially
1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts, are highly preferred particulate
anti-dandruff agents for use in compositions of the present
invention. The concentration of pyridinethione anti-dandruff
particulate typically ranges from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight
of the composition, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, more
preferably from about 0.3% to about 2%. Preferred pyridinethione
salts include those formed from heavy metals such as zinc, tin,
cadmium, magnesium, aluminum and zirconium, preferably zinc, more
preferably the zinc salt of 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as
"zinc pyridinethione" or "ZPT"), more preferably
1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particle form, wherein
the particles have an average size of up to about 20 .mu.,
preferably up to about 5 .mu., more preferably up to about 2.5
.mu.. Salts formed from other cations, such as sodium, may also be
suitable. Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents are described, for
example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S.
Pat. No. 3,753,196; U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No.
4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No. 4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982, all of which are incorporated herein by
reference. It is contemplated that when ZPT is used as the
anti-dandruff particulate in the compositions herein, that the
growth or re-growth of hair may be stimulated or regulated, or
both, or that hair loss may be reduced or inhibited, or that hair
may appear thicker or fuller.
[0225] Other Anti-microbial Actives--In addition to the
anti-dandruff active selected from polyvalent metal salts of
pyrithione, the present invention may further comprise one or more
anti-fungal or anti-microbial actives in addition to the metal
pyrithione salt actives. Suitable anti-microbial actives include
coal tar, sulfur, whitfield's ointment, castellani's paint,
aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine),
ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and it's metal salts,
potassium permanganate, selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulfate,
propylene glycol, oil of bitter orange, urea preparations,
griseofulvin, 8-Hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole,
thiocarbamates, haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine,
benzylamine, allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove
leaf oil, coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil,
cinnamic aldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale,
Sensiva SC-50, Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl
butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octyl
isothiazalinone and azoles, and combinations thereof. Preferred
anti-microbials include itraconazole, ketoconazole, selenium
sulphide and coal tar.
[0226] Azoles
[0227] Azole anti-microbials include imidazoles such as
benzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butaconazole nitrate,
climbazole, clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole,
elubiol, fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole,
ketoconazole, lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole,
neticonazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole,
sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole, thiazole, and triazoles such as
terconazole and itraconazole, and combinations thereof. When
present in the composition, the azole anti-microbial active is
included in an amount from about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from
about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably from about 0.3% to
about 2%, by weight of the composition. Especially preferred herein
is ketoconazole.
[0228] Selenium Sulfide
[0229] Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent
suitable for use in the anti-microbial compositions of the present
invention, effective concentrations of which range from about 0.1%
to about 4%, by weight of the composition, preferably from about
0.3% to about 2.5%, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5%.
Selenium sulfide is generally regarded as a compound having one
mole of selenium and two moles of sulfur, although it may also be a
cyclic structure that conforms to the general formula
Se.sub.xS.sub.y, wherein x+y=8. Average particle diameters for the
selenium sulfide are typically less than 15gm, as measured by
forward laser light scattering device (e.g. Malvern 3600
instrument), preferably less than 10 .mu.m. Selenium sulfide
compounds are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668;
U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,046; U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945; and U.S. Pat. No.
4,885,107, all of which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0230] Sulfur
[0231] Sulfur may also be used as a particulate
anti-microbial/anti-dandru- ff agent in the anti-microbial
compositions of the present invention. Effective concentrations of
the particulate sulfur are typically from about 1% to about 4%, by
weight of the composition, preferably from about 2% to about
4%.
[0232] Keratolytic Agents
[0233] The present invention may further comprise one or more
keratolytic agents such as Salicylic Acid.
[0234] Additional anti-microbial actives of the present invention
may include extracts of melaleuca (tea tree) and charcoal. The
present invention may also comprise combinations of anti-microbial
actives. Such combinations may include octopirox and zinc
pyrithione combinations, pine tar and sulfur combinations,
salicylic acid and zinc pyrithione combinations, octopirox and
climbasole combinations, and salicylic acid and octopirox
combinations, and mixtures thereof.
[0235] Humectant
[0236] The compositions of the present invention may contain a
humectant. The humectants herein are selected from the group
consisting of polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated
nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof. The humectants, when used
herein, are preferably used at levels by weight of the composition
of from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 0.5% to
about 5%.
[0237] Polyhydric alcohols useful herein include glycerin,
sorbitol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol,
ethoxylated glucose, 1, 2-hexane diol, hexanetriol, dipropylene
glycol, erythritol, trehalose, diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol,
maltose, glucose, fructose, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium
hyaluronate, sodium adenosine phosphate, sodium lactate,
pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine, cyclodextrin, and mixtures
thereof.
[0238] Water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers useful herein
include polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a
molecular weight of up to about 1000 such as those with CTFA names
PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.
[0239] Other Optional Components
[0240] The compositions of the present invention may contain also
vitamins and amino acids such as: water soluble vitamins such as
vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl
ether, panthenol, biotin, and their derivatives, water soluble
amino acids such as asparagine, alanin, indole, glutamic acid and
their salts, water insoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, and
their derivatives, water insoluble amino acids such as tyrosine,
tryptamine, and their salts.
[0241] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
pigment materials such as inorganic, nitroso, monoazo, disazo,
carotenoid, triphenyl methane, triaryl methane, xanthene,
quinoline, oxazine, azine, anthraquinone, indigoid, thionindigoid,
quinacridone, phthalocianine, botanical, natural colors, including:
water soluble components such as those having C. I. Names.
[0242] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
antimicrobial agents which are useful as cosmetic biocides and
antidandruff agents including: water soluble components such as
piroctone olamine, water insoluble components such as
3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and zinc
pyrithione. The compositions of the present invention may also
contain chelating agents.
[0243] Method of Manufacture
[0244] The compositions of the present invention, in general, may
be made by mixing together at elevated temperature, e.g., about
72.degree. C. water and surfactants along with any solids (e.g.
amphiphiles) that need to be melted, to speed mixing into the
personal cleansing composition. The ingredients are mixed
thoroughly at the elevated temperature and then cooled to ambient
temperature. Additional ingredients, including electrolytes,
polymers, and particles, may be added to the cooled product. The
silicone may be emulsified at room temperature in concentrated
surfactant and then added to the cooled product.
[0245] Method of Use
[0246] The shampoo compositions of the present invention are used
in a conventional manner for cleansing and conditioning hair or
skin. An effective amount of the composition for cleansing and
conditioning the hair or skin is applied to the hair or skin, that
has preferably been wetted with water, and then rinsed off. Such
effective amounts generally range from about 1 gm to about 50 gm,
preferably from about 1 gm to about 20 gm. Application to the hair
typically includes working the composition through the hair such
that most or all of the hair is contacted with the composition.
[0247] This method for cleansing and conditioning the hair or skin
comprises the steps of: a) wetting the hair or skin with water, b)
applying an effective amount of the shampoo composition to the hair
or skin, and c) rinsing the applied areas of skin or hair with
water. These steps can be repeated as many times as desired to
achieve the desired cleansing and conditioning benefit.
Non-Limiting Examples
[0248]
2 Hompolymers EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ammonium
Laureth Sulfate (AE.sub.3S) 6.50 10.00 6.50 7.5 7.5 Ammonium Lauryl
Sulfate (ALS) 8.10 6.00 5.50 6.5 6.5 Sodium Laureth Sulfate
(SE.sub.3S) 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
1.40 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 Sodium Lauroamphoacetate.sup.(14)
2.00 2.00 Cocaminopropionic Acid.sup.(15) 1.00 Cocamidopropyl
Betaine.sup.(16) 1.00 Cocamide MEA 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Cetyl Alcohol 0.35 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Lauryl Alcohol 0.20 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
0.35 Dihydrogenated Tallowamidoethyl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
0.15 0.15 Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate.sup.(17) 1-Propanaminium,
N,N,N-trimethyl-3- 0.40.sup.(1) 0.50.sup.(1) 0.40.sup.(1)
0.40.sup.(1) 0.40.sup.(2) [(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl- )amino]-,
chloride; (Poly(Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium
chloride)).sup.(1,2) Methacryloamidopropyl-pentamethyl- - 0.40
1,3-propylene-2-ol-ammonium dichloride.sup.(3)
N,N,N,N',N',N",N"-heptamethyl-N"-3- 0.40 (1-oxo-2-methyl-2-
propenyl)aminopropyl-9- oxo-8-azo-decane-1,4,10-triammonium
trichloride.sup.(18) 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3- 0.40
[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride; (Poly(Acrylamidopropyl
trimethyl ammonium chloride)).sup.(4) [3-methacryloylamino)propyl]
0.40 dimethylethylammonium ethylsulfate homopolymer.sup.(5) [(2-
0.40 methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium methylsulfate
homopolymer.sup.(6) Ethylene Glycol Distearate 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Trihydroxystearin.sup.(7) 0.25
Polyethylene Glycol (14000).sup.(8) 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
0.17 0.17 Fragrance 0.55 0.70 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
0.55 Sodium Chloride 0.30 1.30 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
0.80 Ammonium Xylenesulfonate 1.00 Citric Acid 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Sodium Citrate 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid
0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Dimethicone.sup.(9,10,11) 2.35.sup.(9) 0.50.sup.(9) 2.00.sup.(10)
2.00.sup.(11) 0.80.sup.(9) 0.80.sup.(9) 0.50.sup.(9) 0.50.sup.(9)
Polydecene.sup.(12) 0.40 Trimethylolpropane 0.10
Tricaprylate/Tricaprate.sup.(13) Water and Minors (QS to 100%)
.sup.(1)HMW MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge density = 4.5 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.860,000] .sup.(2)HHMW MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge density
= 4.5 meq/g, molecular weight.about.1,500,000] .sup.(3)Diquat
(Rhodia) [charge density = 5.60 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.252,000] .sup.(4)APTAC (Rhodia) [charge density = 4.88
meq/g, molecular weight.about.1,916,000] .sup.(5)Homopolymer of
DMAPMA + DES (Rhodia) [charge density = 3.09 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.180,000] .sup.(6)Homopolymer of METAMS (Rhodia)
[charge density = 3.53 meq/g, molecular weight.about.313,000]
.sup.(7)Thixcin R (Rheox) .sup.(8)PEG 14M (Dow Chemical)
.sup.(9)Viscasil 330M (General Electric Silicones) .sup.(10)Dow
Corning .RTM. 1664 Emulsion (Dow Corning) .sup.(11)Dow Corning
.RTM. 2-1865 Microemulsion (Dow Corning) .sup.(12)Puresyn 6,
MCP-1812 (Mobil) .sup.(13)Mobil P43 (Mobil) .sup.(14)Miranol Ultra
L32 (Rhodia) .sup.(15)MACKAM 151C (McIntyre) .sup.(16)Tegobetaine
F-B (Goldschmidt) .sup.(17)Varisoft 110 (Witco) .sup.(18)Triqaut
(Rhodia) [charge density = 6.07]
[0249]
3 Copolymers EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (AE.sub.3S) 10.00 10.00 Ammonium Lauryl
Sulfate (ALS) 6.00 6.00 Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SE.sub.3S) 6.50
6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) 5.50 5.50
5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 Sodium Lauroamphoacetate.sup.(15) 2.00
Cocaminopropionic Acid.sup.(16) 1.00 Cocamidopropyl
Betaine.sup.(17) 1.00 Cocamide MEA 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80
0.80 0.80 0.80 Cetyl Alcohol 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
0.60 0.60 Lauryl Alcohol 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Dihydrogenated Tallowamidoethyl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate.sup.(18) Trimethylammoniopropylmet-
hacrylamide 1.00.sup.(1) 0.50.sup.(2) 0.40.sup.(3) 0.05.sup.(2)
0.40.sup.(2) chloride-N-Hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer.sup.(1,2,3)
Trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide 0.40.sup.(4) 0.40.sup.(5)
chloride-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.sup.(4,5) Dimethyldiallyl
ammonium chloride-N-b- 0.40 Hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer.sup.(6)
Trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide 0.40 chloride-N-
Methacrylamidopropyldimethylammonium methylcarboxylate
copolymer.sup.(7) Ethylene Glycol Distearate 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50
1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Trihydroxystearin.sup.(8) 0.25 Polyethylene
Glycol (14000).sup.(9) 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Fragrance
0.55 0.70 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Sodium Chloride 1.00
1.30 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Ammonium Xylenesulfonate
Citric Acid 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Sodium
Citrate 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Sodium
Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 Ethylene
Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
0.10 Dimethicone.sup.(10,11,12) 1.35.sup.(10) 1.00.sup.(10)
0.50.sup.(10) 0.50.sup.(10) 0.50.sup.(10) 0.50.sup.(10)
2.00.sup.(11) 2.00.sup.(12) Polydecene.sup.(13) 0.40 0.40
Trimethylolpropane Tricaprylate/Tricaprate.sup.(14) 0.10 0.10 Water
and Minors (QS to 100%) .sup.(1)1:9 HEA:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge
density = 4.29 meq/g, molecular weight.about.276,000] .sup.(2)3:7
HEA:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge density = 3.71 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.648,000] .sup.(3)3:7 HEA:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge
density = 3.71 meq/g, molecular weight.about.1,200,000] .sup.(4)1:9
VP:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge density = 4.30 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.242,000] .sup.(5)3:7 VP:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge
density = 3.74 meq/g, molecular weight.about.503,000] .sup.(6)1:9
HEA:DMDAAC (Rhodia) [charge density = 5.75 meq/g, molecular
weight.about.274,000] .sup.(7)1:1 AP:MAPTAC (Rhodia) [charge
density = 3.95 meq/g, molecular weight.about.243,000]
.sup.(8)Thixcin R (Rheox) .sup.(9)PEG 14M (Dow Chemical)
.sup.(10)Viscasil 330M (General Electric Silicones) .sup.(11)Dow
Corning .RTM. 1664 Emulsion (Dow Corning) .sup.(12)Dow Corning
.RTM. 2-1865 Microemulsion (Dow Corning) .sup.(13)Puresyn 6,
MCP-1812 (Mobil) .sup.(14)Mobil P43 (Mobil) .sup.(15)Miranol Ultra
L32 (Rhodia) .sup.(16)MACKAM 151C (McIntyre) .sup.(17)Tegobetaine
F-B (Goldschmidt) .sup.(18)Varisoft 110 (Witco)
* * * * *