U.S. patent application number 10/440555 was filed with the patent office on 2003-11-20 for systems and methods of sports training using specific biofeedback.
Invention is credited to Rast, Rodger H..
Application Number | 20030216228 10/440555 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29424541 |
Filed Date | 2003-11-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030216228 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rast, Rodger H. |
November 20, 2003 |
Systems and methods of sports training using specific
biofeedback
Abstract
Apparatus for providing biofeedback sports training are
described to improve training in a convenient form. Aspects include
a sparring device that converts impact and training rates into
audio streams following human speech patterns. A device is
described for coaching swings such as in golf. Another aspect of
the invention is a strength training device utiling a multicylinder
piston device.
Inventors: |
Rast, Rodger H.; (Gold
River, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Rastar Corporation
11230 Gold Express Drive
Gold River
CA
95670
US
|
Family ID: |
29424541 |
Appl. No.: |
10/440555 |
Filed: |
May 17, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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60381730 |
May 18, 2002 |
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60413199 |
Sep 23, 2002 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/84 ;
482/8 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 47/021 20130101;
A63B 69/32 20130101; A63B 21/0783 20151001; A63B 69/201 20130101;
A63B 2071/0625 20130101; A63B 2047/022 20130101; A63B 21/0087
20130101; A63B 2220/53 20130101; A63B 69/3635 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/84 ;
482/8 |
International
Class: |
A63B 071/00; A63B
069/32; A63B 069/34 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sparring device providing an audio output in response to
impacts registered thereupon, comprising: a striking input member
adapted for receiving blows from a user sparring against said
striking input member; an impact sensor coupled to said striking
input member to register the impact force imparted by said user to
said strking input member; and means for converting the registered
impact force to an audio output which represents the intensity of
the impact.
2. A sparring device as recited in claim 1, wherein the audio
output comprises sounds which simulate a human being struck.
3. A sparring device as recited in claim 2, wherein said sounds may
be selected from organic human sounds consisting of moans, groans,
sighs, and verbal banter.
4. A sparring device as recited in claim 1, further comprising
means for tracking the amount of damage accumulated in response to
the impacts within a given sparring session.
5. A sparring device as recited in claim 4: further comprising
means for establishing an accumulated damage threshold above which
the sparring session is considered to be complete; wherein audio
output may be generated that is indicative of completion of the
sparring session.
6. A sparring device as recited in claim 5, further comprising
means for reducing the accumulated damage per unit of time to
simulate the recovery of the opponent during a sparring match.
7. A sparring device as recited in claim 1, wherein said means for
converting the registered impact force to an audio output which
represents the intensity of the impact comprises a microcontroller
registering the impact force which is mapped to a selected audio
output.
8. A sparring device as recited in claim 7, wherein said selected
audio output comprises humanlike sounds consisting of groans and
moans.
9. A sparring device as recited in claim 7, wherein said selected
audio output comprises humanlike sounds consisting of verbal
banter.
10. A sparring unit for attachment to a striking device used for
sparring that provides audio feedback in response to the force of
impact and the simulated "damage" incurred by a user on said
sparring unit for a given session, comprising: an impact sensor
adapted for registering the force of impacts during sparring; a
computer processing element coupled to said impact sensor having
programming for, registering said impact forces, determining an
amount of damage to accrue for a given impact and adding the damage
for successive impacts during said session, generating appropriate
humanlike sounds according to the force of the impact registered
and the accrued damage; a housing for retaining said computer
processing element adapted for attachment to a striking device and
containing a power source for said impact sensor and said computer
processing element.
11. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein impact is
registered as G-forces by an accelerometer.
12. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein wherein audio
may include simulated verbal commentary, moans, groans, grunts, and
other sounds which may be associated with an individual being
struck during combat or a match.
13. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein an audio sound
is output to augment the sound of the strike itself on a selected
surface.
14. A sparring unit as recited in claim 13, wherein said augmented
strike sound comprises snapping sounds similar to that used in a
karate movie for accentuating the action.
15. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the nature of
the audio generated in response to the striking impacts may be
selected by the user.
16. A sparring unit as recited in claim 15, wherein the nature of
the audio is associated with a "personality" for the virtual
opponent.
17. A sparring unit as recited in claim 16, wherein the language
spoken, the types of phrasing used, and the attitude, and situation
of an opponent may be simulated.
18. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the impacts
registered by the impact sensor may be scaled, linearly or
non-linearly, according to the mode of the sparring unit prior to
being summed
19. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising an
impact registration control that adjusts the relationship between
the amount of impact and the amount of verbal output. (For example,
small inexperienced users hit less hard than larger more
experienced individuals).
20. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the audio
output is responsive to the setting of the impact control to match
the skill level of the individual to the sounds being
generated.
21. A sparring unit as recited in claim 20, wherein setting the
impact control to a low setting for a small person or one of
limited skill, results in the generation of humanlike sounds from a
small person or one of otherwise limited ability.
22. A sparring unit as recited in claim 21, wherein said humanlike
sounds from a small person or one of limited ability comprise
sounds having a higher pitch.
23. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising a
match end, Technical KnockOut (TKO) control that establishes an end
of match condition based on the amount of damage accumulated during
the session.
24. A sparring unit as recited in claim 23, further comprising
damage recovery occuring at a predetermined or selectable rate,
wherein higher strike frequency is encouraged to quickly bring a
match to a conclusion.
25. A sparring unit as recited in claim 23, further comprising
audio circuits for generating an output representing the final
sounds of the match in response to reaching the TKO threshold
indicator.
26. A sparring unit as recited in claim 25, wherein said final
sounds may be selected from the set of audio representations
consisting of gasps, groans, sound of a body falling to the ground,
match bell sounding, sounds of a referee or other party.
27. A sparring unit as recited in claim 23, further comprising
after match commentary which may include statistics about the
"match" output in audio form.
28. A sparring unit as recited in claim 23, wherein said statistics
may include user name, opponent information, fight duration, total
impact power, maximum impact power, number of hits.
29. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the sparring
unit has controls comprising a volume control, impact registration
control, and final (TKO) threshold.
30. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the type of
striking device to which the sparring unit is attached is
selectable by the user for the type of bag being used.
31. A sparring unit as recited in claim 30, wherein the type of
striking device may be selected from types consisting of small
bags, large bags, 40# bags, 60# bags, 80# bags, foam torsos.
32. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein the type of
striking being performed by said user may be selected by said user
to determine the types of sounds and method of registering the
hits.
33. A sparring unit as recited in claim 32, wherein the type of
striking, impacts, include boxing, karate, kicking, and
kickboxing.
34. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10: further comprising a
situation control that may be set in response to user input to
indicate how the strikes are to be registered and the audio to be
output; wherein the programming associated with said programmable
element generates audio responses based on the setting of the
situation control for given impact values and accumulated
damage.
35. A sparring unit as recited in claim 34, wherein the situations
may be selected from pugilist situations consisting of mortal
combat, street fighting, brawl, prize fight, training fight,
sparring match, training, statistics only, and TKO only.
36. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising an
audio strike augmentation control which selects the type and amount
of sound to be generated for a given strike impact force and amount
of accumulated damage.
37. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10: wherein the
characteristics of the opponent may be selected by said user; and
wherein said programming associated with said programmable element
selects the type of sounds being generated based on said selected
characteristics.
38. A sparring unit as recited in claim 37, wherein said
characteristics may comprise level of aggression, national origin,
language, diction, and extent of usage of street language.
39. A sparring unit as recited in claim 38, wherein specific
characters may be selected that have predetermined characteristics
which have certain levels of the above.
40. A sparring unit as recited in claim 39, wherein said specific
characters include fictional or actual persons such as Rambo, Darth
Vader, and fun characters such as Mickey mouse, Barney, Tella
Tubby, Goofy, and so forth.
41. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10: wherein said sparring
unit includes user input controls for selecting aspects of the
audio output; wherein said controls are configured with detents or
other mechanisms to allow for readily duplicating the settings from
one use to the next.
42. A sparring unit as recited in claim 41, wherein the settings
for a given user are stored from one use to the next.
43. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising a
microphone operable connected to said computational element for
inputting audio for interpretation and storage within said sparring
unit.
44. A sparring unit as recited in claim 43, wherein said audio
comprises user recorded sounds and/or comments recorded during the
match.
45. A sparring unit as recited in claim 44, wherein said audio is
registered by said computer element which is adapted for generating
simulated responses from the sparring opponent.
46. A sparring unit as recited in claim 43, wherein said audio is
registered by said computer element which is adapted for voice
control of match parameters. (i.e. "Get tougher", "Take it easy",
"Sound off", "Pipe down")
47. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein said sparring
unit housing is adapted for attachment to any form of striking
bag.
48. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, wherein said sparring
unit is powered by a battery or similar portable power source.
49. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising a
transmitter for remotely communicating audio information for
playback to said user.
50. A sparring unit as recited in claim 10, further comprising a
communication link for communicating setup and historical
information.
51. A sparring unit as recited in claim 50, wherein said
communication link comprises a network connection for uploading
match information, and to load new sets of control parameters and
personalities.
52. An apparatus for audible output to a user of swing metrics to
enhance the speed with which a swing yielding the desired results
may be attained and retained by a user, comprising: a housing
adapted for attachment to a user performing a swing or to a piece
of equipment that said user is swinging; an acceleration sensing
means within said housing which is adapted to register swing
accelerations spanning at least two axis of acceleration; a
computer circuit receiving inputs from said acceleration sensing
means, and adapted with executable programming for converting
accelerations along each axis to a uniquely identifiable audio
signal for that axis whose characteristics are responsive to the
magnitude of said accelerations; and an audio output means
configured to receive the identifiable audio signals from said
computer circuit and to convert these audio signals into acoustic
energy directed at said user.
53. An apparatus for the strength training of users against a
controlled resistive force, comprising: input receiving member
adapted for movement in response to the receipt of force as applied
by a user; means for converting the motion of said input receiving
member to a rotational movement; a multi-cylinder non-combustion
piston engine, having, a housing adapted with multiple piston
cylinders; pistons adapted to slidably engage within said multiple
piston cylinders; a crankshaft mounted on an axis within said
housing and adapted to rotate therein, connecting rods connecting
each piston to an off-axis location on said crankshaft wherein
crankshaft rotation results in movement along an axis coupled to
said piston; and means of regulating fluid flow to each of said
pistons; wherein force applied to said input receiving member is
converted to a rotational motion of said multi-cylinder engine as
said crankshaft sequentially drives said pistons within said
cylinders; wherein the revolutions per minute of said engine is
responsive to the force being input by the user and the adjustment
of said fluid flow regulating means. (the term cable is used
herein, however, it will be appreciated that cords, belts, chains,
and other forms of flexible tension coupling members may be
utilized)
54. An apparatus as recited in claim 53, wherein said input
receiving member is coupled by a cable, or equivalent, to said
means for converting motion.
55. An apparatus as recited in claim 53, wherein said means for
converting the motion of said input receiving member to a
rotational movement comprises a cable spool; wherein said cable
spool has multiple spindles from which cables simultaneously wind
and unwind on the different spindles in response to the movement of
said input receiving member; further comprising a transmission unit
adapted to alter the ratio of rotation of said crankshaft to the
movement of said input receiving member; wherein said transmission
is adapted for adjustment by said user to different ratios of input
movement to crankshaft rotation; wherein said means of regulating
fluid flow comprises at least one fluid flow valve mechanism;
wherein a fluid flow valve is coupled to said piston cylinders to
controllably restrict the flow of fluid control through said
valve.
56. A weight training machine having a brake to stop free weight
release as described herein.
57. A pulley device for use in a weight training device as
described herein.
58. A method of limited the unrestricted free fall of weight on a
weight training machine as described herein.
59. An apparatus for autonomously collecting golf balls on a
driving range, comprising: robotic device having, a drive
mechanism, a steering mechanism, means for collecting or directing
golf balls, (optional) means of detecting ball position, collection
area or receptacle; and means for directing the general movement of
the robotic device, to collect or direct the balls to said
collection area or receptacle.
60. An apparatus as recited in claim 59, further comprising: an
automated "garage" into which the robot is received when not in
use; an automated collection station, which moves the balls
collected to a dispensing station for cleaning and storage in
preparation for being dispensed.
61. An apparatus for autonomously collecting golf balls on a
driving range, comprising: a motorized ball collection robot; means
for detecting location on said driving range of said robot to
direct the collection of balls therein; means of locating golf
balls along said driving range of said robot; means for collecting
individual golf balls within said robot; and a receptacle adapted
for receiving balls from said robot.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. provisional
application serial No. 60/381,730 filed on May 18, 2002 and No.
60/413,199 as filed on Sep. 23, 2002.
STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
[0003] Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] 1. Field of the Invention
[0005] This invention pertains generally to generating
user-oriented forms of biofeedback for consumer-based athletic
equipment and more particularly to a sparring apparatus which
generates audio in response to strike "damage", an apparatus for
attachment to swinging forms of athletic equipment that generates
audio in response to patterns of motion, and a strength training
apparatus that generates tactile, visual, and audio feedback in
response to workout repetitions.
[0006] 2. Description of the Background Art
[0007] Athletes can enhance their specific form of workout when
they are provided with sufficient feedback. To this end many
devices have been created for athletic performance labs, such as
associated with various teams, olympic programs, and so forth, that
measure aspects of performance. However, these devices typically
provide measurement data in a statistical form, or in a form that
is otherwise unsuitable for use by athletes during daily training
and in a form that the athlete can readily adapt to. Athletes in a
number of athletic fields are subject to these feedback limitations
and thereby are unable to maximize their performance.
[0008] Athletes practicing boxing, karate, kick-boxing, and other
strike related techniques generally related to self-defense, employ
a number of striking apparatus for receiving impacts. Typically
these devices comprise a padded member which in many cases
simulates the density, shape, and/or weight of an opponent. One
form of these sparring devices have conventionally been constructed
as a bag having a cylindrical shape which contains a material, such
as sawdust, sand, or other impact absorbing material. The
cylindrical shape allows the bag to be struck from any side and
these striking bags are generally supported either vertically from
a ceiling, a ceiling and floor, a wall, or supported on a stand.
Other sparring devices have been manufactured having a torso shape,
while some additionally add LEDs to indicate locations where the
user is to strike. These striking devices will be referred to
herein generically as "striking bags", although it will be
appreciated that this term is meant to cover any striking device
for receiving the striking impacts associated with boxing, karate,
and other forms of self-defense.
[0009] In using the current forms of these sparring devices, the
user does not get a regulated workout, nor do they get sufficient
feedback to provide motivation and assure maximum benefits. This is
unfortunate, because in many respects sparring is a nearly perfect
form of exercise that provides a number of benefits similar to
weight training. However, with sparring, the user can't readily set
the force or easily count the number of repetitions, thereby they
have no way to determine how much power they have expended during
the workout. It will be appreciated that a weight training machine
would be far less effective if the weight lifted changed each time
and user didn't know what the amount of weight being lifted, and
was also unable to count the number of repetitions. Furthermore,
sparring with a "striking bag" is often considered boring in
relation to active competitions, or sparring against an actual
sparring partner.
[0010] Therefore, a need exists for a sparring device which allows
the user to get a predetermined stimulating workout, similar to
that achieved when sparring against an actual opponent. The
sparring partner in accordance with the present invention satisfies
that need, as well as others, and overcomes deficiencies in
previously known techniques.
[0011] A large segment of athletes are involved in sports that
involve properly executing a "swing", such as a golf swing using a
golf club, a tennis swing using a tennis racket, a baseball swing
using a bat, and so forth. Variations in the swing dynamics effect
the results produced by the swing. Although many sports enthusiasts
occasionally hit a great shot they find it very difficult to arrive
at a consistent swing which produces consistently good results.
Perhaps the largest number of conventional swing training devices
are available for improving a golf swing, and this will generally
be the focus of the following descriptions, however, it should be
appreciated that similar swing training is involved in tennis,
baseball, and so forth.
[0012] A number of golf swing training aids have arrived on the
market to promote the kinesthetic swing sense so that an athlete
can improve the consistency of their golf swing. A diverse set of
devices exist on the market, from articulated clubs that "break"
during the swing in response to discontinuities in the swing; heavy
clubs that intend to increase the kinesthetic "muscle memory" sense
of the swing; even devices which attach to a club or other athletic
device which are filled with water or equipped with an acoustic
device that is intended to whistle in response to the speed of the
club.
[0013] Electronic swing training devices have been considered for
use in both the laboratory setting and in actual practical usage,
devices having pressure sensors beneath the feet and under the arms
to sense changes in the swing; metronomic devices to aid in swing
timing; devices which sense the speed and path of the club in
relation to a ground location; camera-based equipment which
registers certain aspects of the swing; nerve sensing biofeedback
systems to accentuate muscle movement; laser alignment devices, and
others. With approximately twelve percent of the population
involved in the sport of golf alone, it is not surprising that the
market is getting very crowded for swing improvement devices.
[0014] However, the available devices generally offer rather
marginal help in "grooving" a swing for golf, tennis, baseball, and
other swing related sports, for a number of reasons. The feedback
provided is generally indicative of only one aspect, or a small
subset, of the swing dynamics wherein the user is not provided with
an integrated "full-swing" set of information. Often the devices
compare an aspect of the swing with a fixed benchmark that ignores
the body dynamics and style of the user. It will be appreciated
that even professional golfers each swing the club differently to
achieve optimum results for their particular body dynamics and
style. If that is ignored, the user may be trying to reconfigure
their stroke to suite the machine, and actually can train toward a
sub optimal goal that may provide worse results than their current
swing patterns. Feedback generated by the devices may be of a
nature that the user can not readily relate to in order to change
aspects of the swing in moving toward an optimal swing.
[0015] For example, a club "breaking" sometime during the swing may
infer that the swing is not smooth but it provides little
information to allow the user to correct the swing. Sensing the
speed of the swing may indicate which hit could travel the
farthest, however, the golfer can also watch the track of the ball
to see that information. To be effective the feedback needs to be
something to which the user can relate such that the user can alter
their swing to reach an optimal level. Furthermore, a number of the
devices are directed at laboratory use, or are otherwise too
cumbersome or expensive to be utilized by average persons
participating in the sport.
[0016] Therefore, a need exists for a swing training device that is
portable and inexpensive, which provides a sufficient level of
total swing characteristic feedback to allow correction of numerous
swing problems, that takes user style into account, and that
provides feedback in a manner to which the user can readily relate
and correct swing problems. The present invention satisfies those
needs, as well as others, and overcomes deficiencies in previously
known techniques.
[0017] Numerous forms of weight training equipment exist for
working each of the muscle groups of the body. Conventional
strength training is performed with either free weights or weight
machines. The weight machines are generally preferred due to safety
size, and the ease of adjustment. The most popular weight machines
utilize cables which redirect the applied force whether from a lat,
curl, leg press, or whatever bio-mechanical force is converted into
tension on a cable which lifts the designated number of weights as
set by the user.
[0018] A number of drawbacks exist with these current machines. The
use of weight stacks result in a bulky unit that is difficult to
transport. Weight stacks still pose a safety hazard as fingers or
hands may be crushed in the equipment.
[0019] Another risk is that a person that becomes tired, pulls a
muscle, or is otherwise fatigued can drop the stack wherein the bar
into which their force is directed can strike them or cause them to
hyperextend. Resistance provided by the weights is like a free
weight, wherein the user can accelerate, "jerk", the weight and not
attain optimum muscle development. Furthermore, the use of weights
generally restricts force application to a single direction of
resistance.
[0020] Some attempts have been made to eliminate weights using what
is commonly referred to as "shock absorber" technology, wherein the
resistance of a shock absorber is placed to receive the force input
by the user. The transfer function of these devices is not
conducive to an exercise regime and such systems are rarely made
today as they are considered "cheap". These piston driven systems
really are just dashpots used to dampen the movement of the
user.
[0021] Others have put forth "bow-style" mechanisms and other force
inducing means, however, these suffer from many of the problems
associated with weights, such as inability to properly register
work input, and they pose additional problems.
[0022] It is hardly surprising, therefore, that weights are still
the standard form of system used for strength training. Yet the use
of weights is not exciting as the user is provided little feedback
and the weight lift itself unspectacular. Finally, the
incorporation of measurement equipment to track the workout is
difficult as the time, distance, weight, and character of each lift
would need to be measured.
[0023] Therefore, a need exists for strength training machines that
provide additional safety, comfort, reduced weight, increased
feedback, and higher levels of enjoyment. The present invention
satisfies those needs, as well as others, and overcomes the
limitations of present systems.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The present invention describes athletic training devices
that provide forms of feedback useful to the athlete in training
for that specific activity. A number of categories of embodiments
are described which are directed at improving the efficiency with
which the average athlete can train while performing the given
activity.
[0025] A sparring partner device is described which may be attached
to, or incorporated within striking devices such as "big-bags",
punching bags, striking torsos, and similar striking devices which
provide additional feedback on the blows being landed and
preferably on the progression of the workout. Feedback is provided
as audio and optionally visual feedback. The sparring partner
device can be easily attached to any form of striking bag and it
gauges the strikes in the user's workout, such as boxing or karate,
and so forth. In addition, the design of the system may be
incorporated within the design of any striking unit to provide
impact and workout feedback. The unit will be described as being
attached to "a striking bag", which is defined herein as being any
form of device configured to receive strikes and blows to train the
athlete. Feedback is provided in response to the intensity with the
user strikes the bag for a given set of input settings. The user
learns to strike harder, and gain endurance because the feedback
provides more consistent training that has been possible in the
past.
[0026] It will be appreciated that for a boxer, or martial-artist,
to take down a real opponent they must be able to produce
high-impact-hits over a sufficient duration, and be able to control
those hits. Impact may be measured by the G-forces registered by
the device in response to blows received. Alternatively or
additionally, the unit can register displacement and time (i.e.
inertial sensing).
[0027] Cumulative "damage" is recorded by the unit as the "work"
contained in the workout, or power input which is work with respect
to time. It will be noted that as Force=Mass.times.Acceleration,
and Work=Force.times.Distance, the unit can generally determine
work input as a function of acceleration and number of strikes for
the fixed mass of the bag being struck, assuming the displacement
distance is generally in relation with the mass and registered
acceleration profile to which said mass is subject. This power
input is indicative of the intensity of the workout while the
cumulative amount of work is preferably registered and feedback
provided when the work input reaches a workout threshold.
[0028] To discourage low intensity workouts, the unit is preferably
configured to apply a "recovery" profile against the work input
over time or the power input. One preferred mechanism for this is a
rate based recovery coupled with a workout completion threshold
referred to as a TKO (technical knockout) feature. Work is
subtracted from the work input by the athlete as a function of
time, for example a fixed amount subtracted per unit of time, with
the resultant work not allowed to drop below zero. If the rate of
work performed exceeds the recovery rate for a sufficient period of
time it reaches the TKO threshold resulting in the generation of
feedback indicating that the workout, or portion of the workout,
has been completed. The function of work over time applied is
preferably user selectable, such as to amplitude and or functional
response.
[0029] The recovery in combination with the TKO thresholds
discourages overly slow workouts, as the user will be required to
execute the workout for a longer period of time. The recovery rate
feature generally simulates aspects of actual pugilisitic
conditions, wherein an opponent recovers from blows received. In
this way the user is encouraged through the provided feedback to
strike the bag both hard and fast within the constraints of their
training program.
[0030] A number of aspects of the present invention are described
which increase the usefulness of the workout, and it should be
readily appreciated that these aspects of the invention may be
incorporated within a sparring device singly and in various
combinations without departing from the teachings of the present
invention. A few of these aspects are as follows.
[0031] A biofeedback audio opponent: The unit registers the impact
of each blow, such as by registering G-force changes. These
registered impacts are processed by the electronics of the device
for generating audio feedback, and other optional forms of
feedback. On each blow the unit is preferably configured to
generate audio feedback whose nature and intensity are commensurate
with the level of impact being received, along with user selected
settings and other metrics about the training, along with the
condition of the simulated sparring partner (i.e. amount of
simulated damage inflicted so far in the workout). Preferably,
these audio sounds are in the form of groans, grunts, cries, words,
and so forth whose selection and voicing is executed in response to
the intensity of the impacts.
[0032] Monitoring of cumulative damage: Impacts registered by the
device are accumulated wherein the user is provided feedback as to
the extent of their total "workout", in view of the amount of
damage done to a "virtual opponent", which the feedback from the
unit represents. The preferred method of registering the
accumulation follows a physiological "damage" pattern, wherein the
severity of each impact is registered as accelerations, or
alternatively displacement distance (or speed) registered with
respect to time.
[0033] These accelerations may be scaled, linearly or non-linearly,
according to the mode of the unit prior to being summed. The
virtual opponent is subject to recovery which is most easily
implemented by periodically subtracting damage from the sum of work
input. The recovery rate is an important factor in gauging the
effectiveness of a workout, as it will be readily recognized that
striking the virtual opponent with a total accumulated power per
interval which is less than or equal to the recovery rate would
never be effective at overcoming the simulated opponent. Therefore,
the user sparring with the unit is encouraged to strike with
high-power and a high repetition rate in order to achieve victory
in a timely manner.
[0034] The audio feedback being generated, such as the groans, and
so forth are preferably also associated with the "state" of the
sparring partner, such as in terms of their state of
damage/recovery, as described above. For example, a light punch may
cause the unit to generate a short low groan, harder punching can
cause the groans to reach higher volumes and intensity, while the
type of sound generated can change in response to intensity,
damage, periodically, randomly, according to how the bag is struck,
and so forth. With feedback on every hit, the user readily learns
to strike the bag more effectively. It will be appreciated that
this form of feedback is user friendly, in that the user need not
learn what a given indication represents, pugilists are generally
familiar with sound and intensity profiles associated with pain
inflicted on the opponent. This is a marked departure from clinical
forms of athletic training in which data is collected, or displayed
in a manner that provides little motivation or immediate usable
feedback.
[0035] TKO indicator: One or more thresholds may be selected that
is responsive to the accumulated damage. As described, this
threshold is a technical knock-out indicator which signals that the
"damage" inflicted on the virtual opponent is sufficient to cause
unconsciousness or otherwise to conclude the match, or a portion of
the workout such as a round. Small inexperienced users typically
set the threshold at a lower level than a larger and/or more
experienced pugilist. The unit records the power and number of hits
during the user's "match" with the sparring partner represented by
the present inventive device, which calculates damage and recovery
factors. Depending upon user setting, the sparring partner device
can be set to generate final sounds from the opponent, such as a
gasp, the sound of him/her falling to the mat, and/or the sound of
the match bell sounding upon reaching the TKO threshold.
[0036] Controls on the unit allow it to be set up for a variety of
situations. The controls preferably include the following: volume
control, ambient audio compensation, bag weight and mounting type,
impact amplification, recovery rate, audio sound selection {e.g.
tones, physiol (polite), physio2 (medium), physio3 (rough bout),
thresholds only}, and TKO threshold. The controls on the sparring
unit are preferably configured with detents or other mechanisms to
allow for readily duplicating the settings from one sparring
session to the next. The unit is capable of registering user
training in a manner that is similar to the settings provided on a
weight machine. It should be appreciated, that in the above and
throughout the description, that a number of features will be
taught which may be implemented individually or in various
combinations without departing from the present invention.
[0037] The present sparring unit may be implemented in a number of
ways incorporating the following features separately or in
combinations thereof:
[0038] At least one impact intensity sensor, such as accelerometer,
attached to "strike impact receiving member", such as a striking
bag, or similar training/competition device to register information
about received blows, such as impact power.
[0039] Means for generating audio feedback in response to the
impact intensity being registered within the striking impacts.
[0040] Means for generating audio feedback in response to the
cumulative power or work input to the bag from user strikes.
[0041] following are optional features
[0042] Audio feedback comprises tones, sound effects, speech,
music, and combinations thereof.
[0043] sound data is preferably stored in a digital format, such as
MP3, or similar.
[0044] audio played out over an audio conversion means, such as
audio transducer (i.e. piezoelectric, coil, etc.); external
speakers; wireless communication to audio device (audio unit,
speakers, wireless headphone/earbud).
[0045] "sparring partner"--Audio of sparring partner may include
simulated verbal commentary, moans, groans, grunts, and other
sounds which may be associated with an individual being struck
during combat or a match.
[0046] Unit Power--control of activation. Preferably turns off
automatically after "deactivation period" has elapsed in which no
striking activity is occurring.
[0047] Volume Control--adjust the volume for a given setup of the
unit.
[0048] Ambient Noise Compensation--unit registers the ambient noise
and modulates volume to fully or partially compensate for the
ambient conditions. Many workout facilities are subject to wide
variations in ambient noise as athletic activity waxes and
wanes.
[0049] Visual display--whereupon the configuration settings of the
device may be seen and upon which historical information and so
forth may be displayed. Preferably a small LCD, or other low power
display of one or two lines is provided to simplify
configuration.
[0050] Auxiliary display port--to support enhanced displays a port
is preferably provided (wired, IR, RF, etc.) to an outside display
device. For example, communication with a PDA can allow for
downloading of settings to the unit and the display/storage of
complex statistical information, such as measured hit impact
graphs.
[0051] Presets/detented controls--the controls are preferably
configured with detents, presets, or other similar mechanisms which
allow the rapid duplication of usage settings from one "session" to
the next. This aids in achieving the objective of allowing the
sparring partner to be used to give a predetermined workout, in
similar manner that one performs a given number of sets, with a
specific number of reps, at a specific weight setting when weight
training. The workout received then becomes measurable, and the
advantage of using the sparring partner device for training is
enhanced.
[0052] Controls preferably utilize pots, such as digitally encoded
rotary or linear encoding, which provide discrete position related
settings (e.g. digital encoder with wiper assembly). Also
conventional resistive pots may be used with a detented user
control so that a limited number of discrete settings are provided
to simplify repeating a given setting.
[0053] "stored settings"--wherein the settings for any given user
are stored from one use to the next, to facilitate a training
program. It will be appreciated that preprogrammed or downloadable
training regimes may accompany the unit so that users need not
configure a regime on their own. They may also modify existing
regimes. The stored settings may be stored by user, or
collectively, and the amount of memory may determine what may be
stored. (additionally, it will be appreciated that sparring partner
personalities and voice characteristics may be stored separately or
in association with selected settings.)
[0054] "remote setting"--configuration controls may be overridden
with settings received remotely, such as from a PDA with an
interface program, a website download, and similar information
communication mechanisms.
[0055] "Striking bag impact compensation" control--Allows adjusting
of the response to impacts for a given striking bag, preferably in
response to mass of the unit and how the unit is supported which
determine the accelerations of the bag for a given impact
intensity. This aspect is particularly well suited for applications
in which the sparring partner device is configured for use with a
variety of "strike impact receiving members", so that the impact
response may be "tuned" to the given striking bag being used. For
example a forty pound (40 lb.) striking bag would generate a higher
impact response than an 80# striking bag for a given impact without
the use of compensation. Default settings are preferably provided
so that the user need not calibrate the bag to a given application.
By way of example the following may be applications {speed bag
(<10#), 40# bag, 60# bag, 80# bag, foam torso X100, etc.}
[0056] "impact scaling"--the impact force (accelerations) may be
scaled, linearly or nonlinearly, according to the mode of the unit
and/or setting of impact scaling prior to being summed. (This is
set for a particular user and not for a particular striking bag to
which the sparring partner unit is attached.)
[0057] "impact registration control" adjusts the relationship
between the actual amount of impact and the registered impact and
associated amount of verbal output (although a separate control may
be utilized for controlling the relative level of registered impact
and the relative level of verbal output in relation to the impact).
(For example, small inexperienced users aren't able to strike with
as much force as larger more experienced individuals. A pro boxer
for instance would generally use the device at a very high setting,
(i.e. 10), whereas a young novice would use a low setting (i.e.
0.5, or 1).
[0058] "inverse impact" relationship may be set, wherein low-power
striking is accentuated with the audio, and the registration of hit
impacts toward the threshold; so as to encourage low-power hitting
during warmups.
[0059] "audio scaling of opponent" can be set, wherein the setting
of the impact registration control also alters sparring partner
audio. For example, at a low impact setting (for a small person,
etc) the moaning output can optionally be set for a small sized
sparring partner, such as generating a higher pitched voice, change
in inflections, more meek temperament, etc.
[0060] "impact registration control" may be automatically varied
according to a user selected pattern. For example, a multiple TKO
series may be set wherein each "round" could be configured to
accentuate a different aspect of the sport. A first round may be a
warm-up round with inverse impact scaling followed by conventional
rounds that stress speed, hit power, and so forth.
[0061] "sound repertoire selection" allows sound setting to be
selected that operate in response to impact range setting, or other
setting or use aspects--It may be preferable to couple the
selection of sound output with the impact range, wherein the sounds
generated for a person using the device on the lowest setting would
be indicative of the sounds generated by smaller, less physical,
individuals (i.e. higher pitched & less aggressive
verbalizations; whereas the sounds generated at the higher imapct
settings would be more indicative of sounds generated by
individuals of larger stature, or physicality. In this way
individuals would be less inclined to set the impact setting
artificially low, as the sounds generated would be indicative of
the "size of individual" they had chose to "spar" with, example the
sounds generated from a big six foot five guy using the unit set on
low setting for a five foot weak individual would make it sound as
if they were beating up a small boy--not an image builder.
[0062] "Session statistics"--Sparring Unit tracks information about
the strikes registered during a "session", or bout, which may be
output in various forms, such as audio, a display, or communicated
to other devices. For example: impact range, number of hits,
maximum impact force, settings of the device.
[0063] "Impact History"--Historical information may be retained
about the impacts registered, such as during a session. This data
may be output in various forms such as graphical, data stream,
audio, and statistics may be recovered from the impact history.
[0064] "accumulated damage" is tracked to the "sparring partner"
(striking bag) based on impact history.
[0065] "damage recovery" occurs at a predetermined or user
selectable function with respect to time or input (or selectable
rate="recovery rate setting") so that high strike frequency
generally causes more damage than low strike frequency. (One of the
exceptions is for a warm-up setting, or equivalent.) A simple
implementation provides a fixed recovery (subtracting a given work
pre unit of time based on the scaling of the input so that opponent
recovery rate faster at higher intensity levels.)
[0066] "damage state" is the level of accumulated damage at a given
time, generally in relation to a predetermined, or selected,
threshold; such as a TKO threshold.
[0067] Audio output modulated based on audio feedback--changes in
audio response to the "damage state" of the sparring partner. For
example, opponent even sounds worn down as the match progresses,
they get less cocky and more sore. The sounds of induced pain
increase and the amount of snappy reparte generally decreases.
[0068] "TKO indicator", or equivalent, provides an unambiguous
workout completion signal that is generated when accumulated damage
reaches preset level.
[0069] "TKO Threshold setting"--determines the amount of damage
which must be accumulated to reach a TKO.
[0070] Preferably setting is made readily repeatable by a user,
either through providing a limited number of settings (e.g.
detents), or by storing the settings electronically for recall.
[0071] Workout intensity is preferably determined by the settings
of the impact registration control and the TKO threshold setting in
combination with one another, which found analogues in weight
training as amount of weight and number of repetitions,
respectively.
[0072] multiple "KO" levels may be set--(1) wherein the speed at
which the threshold is reached can determine which "KO" level is to
be indicated, (2) sequential thresholds may be set wherein a
training pattern is followed. Example--set short warm-up round,
slow and steady (low recovery rate), with high impacts downgraded
to encourage a slow and steady warm-up, then followed by more
conventional rounds that may emphasize different aspects of
sparring.
[0073] audio is generated in response to the TKO indicator, or
equivalent, which is preferably configured to represent the final
sounds of the match or opponent.
[0074] the final sounds of a round or match (exceeding TKO
threshold) may be selected from the set of audio representations
consisting of gasps, groans, sound of a body falling to the ground,
match bell sounding, sounds/voice of a referee or other party.
[0075] "augmented strike audio"--audio sound is output to augment
the sound of the strike itself on a selected surface (like the
snapping sounds in a karate movie which accentuate the action)
[0076] "strike activity setting, type", "strike activity setting,
activity" controls the augmented strike audio which can be set
according to the type of "striking bag" in use and/or the type of
activity being executed on the "striking bag" such as karate,
boxing, kick-boxing, kung-fu, and other striking activities and
striking sound characteristics and a level of accentuation from
mild accentuation to dramatic accentuation.
[0077] "progressive augmented strike audio"--the amount of
augmentation of impact can be a non-linear function of impact,
wherein substantial augmentation requires a substantial strike
impact for the given setting. For example, based on the square of
the sum of the impact minus the given setting.
[0078] "theme music" may be selected and activated, wherein music
is played to accompany the sparring workout. (These may be loaded
in the unit--such as MP3 download from unit manufacturer or other
site. The relative volume of the music can be controlled and it can
be used as background for the impact responsive audio or replace
it.
[0079] "striking rhythm" may be selected and activated, wherein a
pattern of "trigger sounds" is generated to which the user is to
strike the bag according to.
[0080] list of striking rhythms--user can select from one of
multiple rhythms that can stress different patterns of activity,
such as stressing speed, or power. The use of different rhythms can
be used to prevent the user from falling into recognizable patterns
of hitting that an opponent may capitalize on.
[0081] "timing registration" can be activated to record the user
strike timing in relation with the trigger sounds within the strike
rhythm.
[0082] Varying audio in response to how struck--different sounds
may be generated to indicate a metric about how the bag is to be
struck. (1) by impact force--sound indicates how hard bag is to be
struck; (2) by type of blow--sound indicates how bag is to be
struck (punch, chop, kick, etc.); (3) by location--where the
striking bag is to be struck; or combinations thereof.
[0083] timing registration in response to the one or more given
metrics of bag striking, wherein information is registered in
relation to how well the user followed the specified strike rhythm.
Example, was it struck with the appropriate force, at the
appropriate location, and so forth.
[0084] amount of damage being registered for the hits is optionally
responsive to the time delay between the trigger sounds and the
registration of an associated strike. The speed of the user is
therefore encouraged, in that the more quickly the user responds to
the triggers, that more readily the "sparring partner" will be
dispatched.
[0085] "personality" settings of sparring partner--nature of the
audio generated in response to the striking impacts may be selected
by the user, along with characteristics, such as recovery rate.
[0086] "sparring partner language"--characteristics of language may
be set individually, and/or automatically in response to a
"personality" setting which is either preprogrammed, downloaded,
and/or user selected.
[0087] amount of banter--how talkative the "sparring partner"
should be
[0088] voice--what type of voice
[0089] language spoken--(hi-English, low-English, German, Japanese,
Spanish, French, Russian, Ebonics, Creole, etc.)
[0090] intensity--example: levels from "ultra-calm" to
"Berzerker"
[0091] wimp-factor--how well does partner take damage (Example:
from "complaining wimp" up to a "stoic warrior")
[0092] phrasing--attitude and level of "intelligence"
street-phrasing--allowable use of street phrases (preferably--this
feature defaults to non-use of any street phrases and requires
activation by the purchaser, such as by download. (No intention
toward encouraging poor language use--"garbage in garbage
out"))
[0093] "personifications" allow setting defaults of a combination
of the above language settings, preferably along with other metrics
such as recovery rate. These personifications may be from serious
to comical. The following is a list provided by way of example:
Arnold Schwartzeneggar, Rambo, Chuck Norris, Gomer Pyle, Mickey
Mouse, Batman, Barney, Wicked witch of the North, Darth Vader, and
so forth. It will be appreciated that one can have a really fun
sparring match with these various characters which provide
different forms of impact response and banter, including jokes,
remembrances and so forth. Even a fact learning mode may be
included in which facts are presented during the sparring session,
a language lesson could be appropriate.
[0094] "downloadable personifications" allow the user to retrieve
different preset personalities, such as from a web site, for use
within the sparring partner unit, without requiring extensive
system memory.
[0095] "situation setting"--the intensity, and impact registration
characteristics may be modulated in accord with a user selected
situation setting. A list of possible situations by way of example
may comprise: {mortal combat, street fighting, brawl, prize fight,
training fight, sparring match, training, warm-up, calibration
(setting adjustment)}.
[0096] "crowd audio"--setting of the environment, wherein audio is
generated in response to user selected size, type, and nature of a
crowd is generated. For example a list of settings: {prize-fight
w/favorable crowd, prize-fight w/unfavorable crowd, bar fight,
street brawl, +loud, +raucous, +referee}
[0097] "After bout commentary"--the statistics about the "match"
can be output in audio.
[0098] statistics output may include user name, opponent
information (characteristics, name, etc.), fight duration, total
impact power, maximum impact power, number of hits.
[0099] Microphone operably connected to electronics and an audio
memory.
[0100] record user comments--wherein user information may be
recorded and sounds/comments from the user recorded during the
match. By way of example the comments may be played back at the
conclusion of the match.
[0101] audio response triggers--sparring partner can respond to
existence or even the content of comments.
[0102] voice control of match parameters--sparring unit can be
configured with voice recognition to allow adjusting match
parameters. (i.e. "Get tougher", "Take it easy", "Sound off", "Pipe
down")
[0103] Heart Monitor Control--the unit may be configured for use
with heart monitors, wherein a target heart rate is entered, and
the device modulates aspects of the session to maintain the desired
heart rate, such as impact ranging and may even output information
as to how the workout is proceeding in relation to the desired
heart rate (i.e. display actual heart rate, flash an LED indicating
heart rate below, or above setting, or verbally output a message to
speed up the workout or to slow it down.).
[0104] User ID recognition--It is contemplated that deluxe versions
of the unit provide the capability to recognize a particular user
and to provide added benefits thereof, such as establishing the
custom settings for the particular user, wherein they need not
remember and set the device themselves prior to each session.
Furthermore, statistics about the workout sessions may be logged
into a historical multisession log which may be displayed or
otherwise communicated on a per user basis. The user may be
identified by any convenient means according to the present
invention, such as an ID code transmitted from a heart rate
monitor, the entry of a code, the use of a biometric (fingerprint,
voiceprint, etc.) and so forth. It is further contemplated that the
historical information may be utilized to provide coaching to the
user to maximize their training sessions, such as encouraging them
to bump up the duration (TKO), or impact scaling of a workout, and
so forth in a manner that a real coach might instruct.
[0105] Memory device--Unit is preferably configured with an
interface to which an electronic device containing memory may be
connected. For example, a memory stick, USB memory fob, smart card,
credit card device, and so forth. The unit may store the users
identity, use factors, session logs, and so forth within the
memory. In this way the user can simply insert, or otherwise
configure, their memory device to communicate with the unit.
[0106] Mechanical configuration--may be adapted for attachment to
any form of striking bag, or integrated within a specific unit.
[0107] electronic unit attaches to "striking bag"
[0108] Mount to the top of a striking bag (sensor within the
module)
[0109] Mount through the interior of the striking bag, such as a
rod down through the middle of the bag.
[0110] remote electronic unit receives signals from registration
electronics joined to the "striking bag"
[0111] electronics may generate audio signal for receipt and
amplification within a sound system, or similar audio component,
such that surround sound may be achieved at a low cost.
[0112] multiple sensors--sparring unit is preferably configured for
the connection of additional sensor elements, which would be placed
in different locations within the striking bag to increase
measurement accuracy and the type of feedback.
[0113] "sensor configuration setting"--allows a user selectable
number of sensors to be used, or set for a specific impact
receiving member into which the sparring partner is integrated.
Knowing the configuration of the sensors and the type of bag, the
unit can properly register impact forces. For example: a "Top and
Bottom sensor arrangement on a heavy bag" provides for determining
the actual impact force regardless of where the hit is on the bag.
The location of the hit is also determined by the electronics in
relation to the relative impacts registered by each of the sensors.
It will be appreciated that a number of configurations may be
supported or entered.
[0114] "strike location sensing"--this feature is enabled when
multiple sensors are connected to the unit, for example near the
two ends of a movable striking bag, such as a hanging heavy bag.
The relative amplitudes of acceleration are compared and the
location of the hit in the plane of the sensors is determined, such
as by using a table lookup or an algebraic calculation.
[0115] Wireless sensors--allow simple connection of sensors.
Sparring units may then be configured for a variety of
applications. Units integrated with a striking bag would preferably
utilize wired sensors due to their lower cost, however, sparring
units being added to a striking bag may be preferably configured as
wireless variety to simplify the adding of sensors to the sparring
device. The wireless sensors preferably incorporate an RF circuit
which may be in the form of an active or passive RFID
(transponder).
[0116] Coded wireless sensors--If more than one wireless sensor is
utilized, then it is generally preferable that they be adapted with
a coded response, so that a single RF channel may be utilized
without confusion.
[0117] Powered by a battery or similar portable power source.
[0118] Information receipt and storage--device may be configured
with removable storage, and/or download capability, wherein the
configuration, personalities, voices, and so forth may be easily
loaded, stored, etc. For example: the use of download ports, memory
sticks or equivalent, audio couplings, and so forth may be
optionally provided for the unit.
[0119] configuration website--user can configure the device
remotely, such as on a website related to the manufacturer of the
device, and load device parameters to the device.
[0120] remote communications means
[0121] upload match information to a system, such as an
instructor's, for recording
[0122] wherein a series of units can operate in concert, simulate a
gang
[0123] download configuration settings and audio personalities
(including voices) to the unit.
[0124] Impact (strike) registration signal
conditioning--conditioning is dependent on the type of impact
sensing means being utilized. In a simple implementation, the
signal may be evaluated to determine a maximum impact, such as by
detecting the signal peak. It will be appreciated, however, that
additional characteristics may be extracted from the strike to
which the sparring unit may be adapted to respond. These additional
characteristics for example, may be extracted by performing analog
signal conditioning, digital signal processing, or a combination
thereof, wherein the waveforms peaks and transitions are
interpreted to provide a more accurate value for impact and may
determine additional aspects of the strike such as depth.
[0125] Weighting of impact force--the registered impact force is
modified by parameters such as striking bag impact compensation
control and the impact scaling control.
[0126] (1) It is preferred that the value of the striking bag
impact compensation control be applied to the registered impact
force directly to compensate for the type of striking bag.
Alternatively, the striking bag impact compensation control may be
used to directly modulate the output of the impact sensor, such as
by altering the gain sensor amplification circuit.
[0127] (2) The value of the impact scaling control may be applied
to the sensor signal at any stage. One preferred method is to
compensate with impact scaling being a parameter during a
linearization and/or translation operation which produces a
normalized signal, or data, from which the history impact data is
recorded and from which the audio output is responsive. A
combination of computations and table lookups are preferably
performed on the signal to generate the normalized signal or
data.
[0128] (3) Selecting audio generation--audio is generated according
with the selected settings. It will be appreciated that a number of
techniques may be utilized for generating the responsive audio. For
example: The audio may be generated from WAV table synthesis and
one audio sequence may be utilized in various ways by altering the
speed and sequence method, so that fewer tables are required to
generate a wide variety of audio effects, speech, and so forth.
[0129] "Blend Routine"--when a strike is registered for a second
impact, while a word or phase is being generated, or other audio
output is being generated, for a first audio output, then a blend
routine determines how to join the first audio response with the
second audio response. In many cases, such as moans, and similar,
the blend allows starting the second audio response with little or
no blending between sounds in the transition. In the case of
speech, the context is generally examined, if the new strike is in
the same context as the old strike, then the speech may be
continued with pitch, inflection, or other changes to respond to
the registration of the new impact.
[0130] "Swing" filtering--the swinging motions of the bag are
filtered out and differentiated from impacts, so that swaying or a
cocked position of the striking bag does not substantially alter
the output of the unit. This is preferably performed as a
combination high pass filtering, and simple signal processing in
software.
[0131] Alternative workout duration limits--A number of similar but
less preferred alternatives exist to registering accumulated damage
based on scaled impact force until a threshold is reached. The
following are provided by way of example:
[0132] Workout duration contingent upon a minimum predetermined
amount of strikes of a given force. A duration is specified for the
workout, which is qualified by the strikes being received. Such as
requiring that at least a certain number of strikes are received of
at least a certain force, otherwise the workout length is
extended.
[0133] Workout duration determined by the number of hits
registered. A given number of hits may be selected to define the
length of the workout. These hits may be optionally scaled by the
registered impact force if desired.
[0134] Workout duration determined by meeting rhythm conditions. A
rhythm is selected which is to trigger the user's blows. The rhythm
itself may determine the duration, and this may be optionally
modulated by the registered force of impacts, or the time which
elapses between indicating the trigger condition and receiving the
impact, wherein the user is trained to react rapidly to the
triggers.
[0135] Holographic striking rhythm--instead of generating an audio
striking rhythm, the striking rhythm may be set by generating a
holograhic representation of strikes geing generated by the
striking bag toward the user to which the user must respond.
[0136] This application includes by reference U.S. provisional
application serial No. 60/381,730 filed on May 18, 2002, and No.
60/413,199 as filed on Sep. 23, 2002.
[0137] An object of the invention is to provide sparring training
in a regulated manner wherein the level of the workout may be
selected by the user.
[0138] Another object of the invention is to provide realistic
audio sparring feedback to the user.
[0139] Another object of the invention is to provide realistic
groans, spoken words, and similar human sounds associated with a
pugilistic endeavor.
[0140] Another object of the invention is to provide for
registering the damage incurred on the sparring partner.
[0141] Another object of the invention is to provide for recovery
in the registration of damage imposed on the sparring partner.
[0142] Another object of the invention is to provide repeatable
control of the setting of the unit wherein a user can elect to set
up the unit for any particular level of sparring.
[0143] Another object of the invention is to provide a unit that
may be powered from a battery, or similar portable power
source.
[0144] Another object of the invention is to provide a sparring
partner unit that may register impact information on more than one
impact sensor to increase the accuracy of impact registration.
[0145] Another object of the invention is to provide a sparring
partner unit that may register impact information on more than one
impact sensor wherein the location of the impact on the striking
bag may be determined.
[0146] Another object of the invention is to provide a sparring
partner unit which is capable of indicating a striking rhythm to
the user to which received blows are compared.
[0147] Another object of the invention is to provide for augmenting
the sound of strikes impacting on the striking bag with audio
generated from the sparring partner.
[0148] Another object of the invention is to provide a sparring
partner unit in which the impact statistics are logged during a
sparring session.
[0149] Further objects and advantages of the invention will be
brought out in the following portions of the specification, wherein
the detailed description is for the purpose of fully disclosing
preferred embodiments of the invention without placing limitations
thereon.
[0150] A device for providing continuous audible feedback of a
sports swing is described which expedites the learning and
retention of the most desirable swing patterns. The swing coach is
a small portable electronic device which mounts near the hands of
an athlete or more preferably to the associated sports equipment,
such as a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, and so forth, to
convert the kinesthetics of swing metrics to a discernable
multidimensional acoustic pattern which represents the important
aspects of the swing. This device makes use of the incredible
discernment of the human ear to variations in pitch, timbre,
melody, beat and so forth which are characteristic in our
appreciation of music. The tempo, speed, path, and movement of the
sports equipment or hands along the path of the swing are all
represented in real time within the resultant multidimensional
audio output.
[0151] A good analogy for the present invention is that it converts
the golf club, or other device being swung, into a musical
instrument wherein each swing produces audio suggestive of a chord
being played on that instrument. Toward that understanding the
sound generated by the invention is herein referred to as a "swing
chord" to denote the generally complex multidimensional nature of
the audio output which represents the accelerations.
[0152] To accomplish this level of feedback, the multidimensional
dynamics of the swing are converted to a multidimensional pattern
of sound, and aspects of the swing, such as discontinuities
(glitches) can be accentuated in the resultant sound pattern. The
device therefore provides a generally continuous form of audible
feedback of the multidimensional acceleration swing pattern of the
sports apparatus being swung. Accelerations are preferably detected
in from two to three physical dimensions, wherein the unique
contribution of each axis of acceleration is discernable within the
sound pattern being output, such as the use of multiple overlapping
tones, or alterations to sound patterns such as timbre and so
forth.
[0153] It will be appreciated that a polar axis, such as for
measuring a centripetal acceleration, may be utilized as one of the
acceleration axis or to augment conventional Cartesian axis. The
time dimension is inherently incorporated in the output of the
device due to the use of a continuous output tonal pattern, wherein
the time dimension of the swing is represented. The device could be
less preferably configured with a single axis to provide a slightly
less expensive form of swing feedback, however, it will be readily
appreciated that many swing problems result from "out of plane"
motions which would not be properly registered in a single physical
dimension.
[0154] Stated another way, the unit generates a multidimensional
audio signature associated with the multidimensional kinesthetics
of each swing, thereby allowing the user to mentally modify and
train their swing to conform to one or more of their swings that
provided the desired optimum results.
[0155] The swing training device preferably takes into account the
different styles and body types of the user since the user relates
the feedback to their own best swing efforts. The user compares the
multidimensional sound pattern created by the device when making a
shot with that which has been heard for their best shots. The
invention appreciates that a fixed reference upon which to compare
the swing of all golfers is as likely to damage the beneficial
aspects of a swing as to improve the detracting aspects. Thereby
the device aids the golfer to improve the beneficial aspect of each
swing and to substantially increase the percentage of correct
swings.
[0156] A preferable embodiment of the device allows the user to
store these sound patterns wherein they may actually listen to the
"chord" played by their best shots to aid their swing training. The
user then groves their muscles and such in a similar manner that a
violinist or other musician trains their body to make the proper
motions based on the sound output produced. It is important
therefore that the present invention represent multiple
acceleration dimensions into a sound within which each dimension of
acceleration is easily discerned.
[0157] It should be noted that after utilizing the device for a
period of time a user can even train by simple meditating on the
sounds, swing chords, associated with their best shots while
mentally practicing the shot. Surprisingly, athletes in a number of
studies have been found to improve at about the same rate using
mental training techniques as those involved in the actual physical
activity of the sport.
[0158] The many training devices that exist for swing training do
not provide the immediate continuous feedback required to establish
a biofeedback training loop. The human ear/brain combination is
extremely adept at discerning and memorizing short musical
patterns. This device converts the swing into a short musical
sequence. The additional musical feedback speeds up the process of
mastering a perfect stroke. The sound pattern will easily identify
any motion `hitches` in the swing. `Hitches` in the stroke are
heard as points of tonal discontinuity in the smooth tonal
progressions of a perfect swing. When the user makes a good stroke
they will lock in the `music` of it in their memory, or store it
within the device. The present invention is no substitute for
proper training, but for a person that has mastered the
fundamentals of a game, the present invention believes that a
stroke is good when it produces optimum or near optimum results. In
golf, the proper long-iron stroke for an individual results in a
long straight ball trajectory toward the intended target. Using the
present invention, the user attempts to repeat the same "good
stroke" by replicating the same "music" generated by the device
associated with the good stroke. It turns the sports instrument
into a musical instrument, so the user has additional feedback, a
good stroke truly becomes music to the user's ear.
[0159] A number of features are supported within the present
invention. It should be appreciated that the unit may be
implemented with or without these options, singly or in
combinations thereof, without departing from the teachings of the
present invention.
[0160] Earphone/headphone audio--worn for listening (wired or
wireless).
[0161] RF output--allows sound to be directed to a wireless
earpiece.
[0162] Auto sensing of star/end of swing--motions in preparing for
a swing, or that occur after a swing, are ignored and no output
sound is generated until the swing commences. This also facilitates
storing of the previous swing without saving extraneous movements.
This can be sensed as swings start from a common G-reference
starting point where ball is addressed.
[0163] Storing sound patterns is not as useful in a constant
movement sport such as tennis, as it is unknown which movement or
swing is desired. Although a time based storage mechanism is
preferably provided.
[0164] Stored user patterns--user can save a swing chord after a
particular swing occurs. These can be played as a reminder of the
correct resultant swing chord.
[0165] Preferably multiple chords may be stored, such as one for
each club or situation for which a swing is performed. In this way
the athlete (i.e. golfer) can establish their own audio benchmarks
for each club or situation, and train continuously to improve
consistency and their best efforts.
[0166] Storing representative sound patterns from known sources,
such as professionals in that field. These provide a baseline that
the user can consider the differences between their own swing and
that of the professionals.
[0167] "Glitch" detection--also referred to as "hitch" detection.
This feature provides audio accentuations of sudden changes to the
acceleration profiles within the swing. For example these hitches
are converted to an identifiable tonal pattern, or sound quality,
within the multidimensional sound which may be extended in duration
if the event itself spans an otherwise insignificant time
period.
[0168] Adjusting relative contributions of physical metrics being
communicated by audio: sensitivity of acceleration sensing, "glitch
detection", and so forth.
[0169] Acceleration range control--(if the unit may be mounted at
different locations on the equipment being swung, or the user
swinging it, then a scaling factor may be entered to allows the
unit to better detect and represent the range of motion. For
example, after making a full power swing with the device in the
desired mounting, the full scale button is pressed, or other input
means selected, wherein the device can approximate what the full
scale acceleration ranges needs to be.
[0170] Audio controls--volume, tone, balance, and tonal pattern
selection.
[0171] Tonal pattern selection--allows the user to select the
nature of the sound produced by his/her "swinging instrument", in a
similar manner that one may select a violin or an oboe to create
different sound patterns, timbre, and so forth.
[0172] Auto-shutoff--the unit preferably powers off if not being
swung for a period of time, such as five minutes, to reduce battery
power consumption.
[0173] A related aspect of swing training for golfing is a golf
ball transmitter. It will be appreciated that a number of
advantages may be obtained when the ball itself is configured with
a means to communicate.
[0174] The transmitter, preferably a radio frequency transmitter,
may be powered by a method selected from the following (1) primary
batteries, (2) sealed rechargable cells, (3) inductive charging (of
battery or capacitor), (4) convert impact accelerations to energy,
(5) passive RFID--energy coupled to unit from external
transmitter.
[0175] The ball itself can transmit information about itself, such
as identity of owner, impact acceleration, time of flight, rolling
status, rolling pressure, location, and so forth. The following is
a partial list of applications provided by way of example and not
of limitation.
[0176] (1) Range balls--Range ball with an RF transducer located
within it that is preferably powered in response to impact. Once
struck the ball begins communicating via RF for a short period of
time, such as an identifier and a time of flight reference. The
ball contains a transmitter, a source of electrical power, sensors
for registered any desired metric of ball travel. A sensor grid at
the driving range receives the transmitted signal and can route the
data associated with a given identifier to the proper user, such as
displaying results on a screen or other form of output device. The
sensor grid may be alternatively utilized for controlling the
operation of automated ball collection equipment, described
later.
[0177] In this application the ball is configured to transmit only
for a short period of time after being struck, such as five to ten
seconds, wherein the ball stops transmitting within a short period
of time after coming to rest on the driving range, in this way less
confusion arises from the plurality of balls that are generally
strewn about the driving range. The results can include distance
hit, distance from cup, time of flight, rollout distance. The
information may be communicated to the user in textual and/or
graphical format. The time of flight reference is useful in its own
right, but also provides an identifier to help discern the
different shots from a given user. Alernatively, a ball number
reference may be encoded that allows different balls from different
users to be discerned. The data collected by the ball can be
[0178] The balls may have an identifier programmed into them at the
time they are dispensed to the user. This may be accomplished
utilizing a small amount of memory, which can be programmed
utilizing an RF or inductive coupling proximal to the time the user
is dispensing the balls, or alternatively, at the particular tee of
the user. Programming may be fixed or programmable.
[0179] (2) On the golf course--a portable "finder" may be utilized
for generating a signal to which the ball responds. This allows the
user to readily find their ball and differentiate it from other
balls.
[0180] A number of aspects of the balls are taught herein,
including the following.
[0181] (1) Generating and storing energy associated with impact. It
will be appreciated that a number of sensors are fabricated that
can generate a voltage in response to acceleration or material
stress. Sensors utilizing piezo electric material have been
incorporated into tennis racquets to generate electricity in
response to flexure, while other materials may be utilized
also.
[0182] (2) Communicating touch down point and roll out to a set of
sensors, user can then better track their session.
[0183] (3) Programming an ID that can be associated with a given
user. For example each ball can be temporarily programmed with an
ID associated with the user (i.e. the dispensing instance). Also
each ball can have a large unique ID that is associated with the
user prior to or at the time of striking the ball. In either case
the system is configured to differentiate which ball goes to which
individual, wherein feedback may be provided to the user, and
optionally a form of scoring may be provided as an incentive for
greater concentration and practice. In this way there is no
ambiguity as to whose ball is whom.
[0184] (4) User can be provided with information about their
practice. For example text or graphics resulting from data
collected about the location of each ball can be calculated. User
session results can be "Scored", wherein the system weighs the
value of the shots in response to a user selection of hole, or
otherwise a position reference. For example, a map displayed and/or
printed which shows the grouping of balls hit to each desired
location. Scoring can really increase the effectiveness of range
work, because the intensity and motivation can be boosted
significantly. In essence one can play a game while on the range,
even without moving from hole to hole.
[0185] Another related aspect of the invention is a driving range
automated ball collection system for automatically collecting golf
balls on a driving range. This system may be utilized in
combination with the sensor mesh described above for interrogating
the position of the golf balls, yet in this case it can communicate
position to or with a robotic system for collecting the balls.
[0186] The unit preferably operates differently than present large
scale systems which utilize sets of vertical disks between which
the balls are engaged and then collected into a bin. The use of
these systems in a scaled down form would be overly costly and
prone to failure. The present invention provides new methods and
systems for collecting golf balls that are suited for its robotic
nature.
[0187] The robot may contain electronics that allow it to operate
autonomously over the course, or it may receive signals from fixed
units that direct the operations of the device. The use of a fixed
station sending commands can reduce the power and weight
requirements, while reducing the likelyhood of theft of the robot
unit, and cost factors therein.
[0188] Generally the apparatus for autonomously collecting golf
balls on a driving range is a robotic device comprising (a) a drive
mechanism, a steering mechanism, means for collecting or directing
golf balls, an optional means of detecting ball position, a
collection area or receptacle; and a means for directing the
general movement of the robotic device, to collect or direct the
balls to said collection area or receptacle.
[0189] The apparatus for autonomously collecting golf balls on a
driving range, may also be desribed as comprising: (a) a motorized
ball collection robot; (b) means for detecting location on the
driving range of the robot to direct the collection of balls
therein; (c) means of locating golf balls along the driving range
of the robot; (d) means for collecting individual golf balls within
the robot; and (e) a receptacle adapted for receiving balls from
the robot for later redistribution.
[0190] The ball collection device may further comprise: (1) an
automated "garage" into which the robot is received when not in
use. (prevent the chance for theft while protecting it from the
environment); (2) an automated collection station, which moves the
balls collected to a dispensing station for cleaning and storage in
preparation for being dispensed.
[0191] The unit may operate in a launcher or pusher mode for
collecting the balls from the driving range or other type of
field.
[0192] Utilizing a ball launcher technique for rounding up the golf
balls. The robot actually imparts movement to the golf balls
towards a collection area. This may be by pushing the balls,
hitting each ball, launching each ball (i.e. using pressurized
gas), or otherwise "sending" the golf balls to a collection
mechanism, such as fixed location station or other robotic device.
The collection area may have a collection recess into which the
balls are directed, or there may be another process that then moves
them into a collection recess or otherwise loads then for
collection. The direction of hit is processed in relation to
compass direction based on the present location of the robotic
unit.
[0193] The balls may be launched using a striking device which
moves through a striking path only when a ball is located and
properly positioned, or it may utilize a constantly moving head,
such as rotating, that when brought into contact with the ball
imparts momentum to the ball to direct it fully or partially toward
the collection area, or container. One preferred "launcher" uses a
motor for setting a striker assembly biased by a spring, into a
cocked position, upon detecting a ball the robot moves to position
the ball properly in relation to the striker and then triggers the
striker. The ball may be made to roll or to be directed over a
portion of the ground, to reduce interference with other balls.
Where the striker is positioned and the location to which the
striker is cocked may be modulated to control the amount of
momentum imparted on the ball being struck, such as in response to
the distance to the collection container, or area, to which the
ball is being directed. Alternatively, balls may be collected and
then directed to a collection station when the robot becomes
sufficiently near the collection unit.
[0194] A ball pusher mode may also be utilized for collecting the
golf balls. The robot is configured with arms for pushing golf
balls along the surface of the ground to be collected. This
collection mechanism may be utilized in combination with the ball
launcher approach of (1) wherein the pusher approach may be used by
the same, or other robot, to direct the balls near the collection
area into a collection bucket or trough.
[0195] It will be appreciated that although a raised collection
receptacle may be used, it is preferable that the robot unit not be
required to elevate the balls to deposit them in a collection
receptacle, if this is required, then a dedicated system would be
preferred such as an escalator form of device for raising balls up
into a collection unit, or for directing them down tubes back to a
cleaning and dispensing unit.
[0196] A scoop form of collection mechanism may be utilized. Since
the robot collection device covers only a small footprint on the
driving range and generally conforms to the surface therein, it is
therefore able to collect balls using a scoop mechanism that allows
for the collection of a limited number of golf balls, before being
emptied. The unit can traverse a portion of the field until
adequate numbers of balls are collected, then move to a collection
station, such as a trough, wherein the balls are deposited, prior
to it returning to collect more balls.
[0197] The robot mechanism preferably provides a ball detection
mechanism so that balls sparsely distributed may be identified and
collected without the need for the robots to traverse the entire
area. For example, an optical light beam, such as on a first arm,
directed at a detector, such as on a second arm. In addition, the
balls may be detected from light reflections from the surface of
the balls, it will be appreciated that these can generate a unique
reflection pattern by virtue of the spherical dimpled, and
generally high reflective surface. The light source being
preferably a laser light source.
[0198] The present invention therefore is directed at the following
objectives, which may be accomplished singly or in combinations
thereof.
[0199] An object of the invention is to provide continuous swing
feedback wherein the athlete may learn to recognize and reproduce
an optimum swing.
[0200] Another object of the invention is to produce a small
portable electronic swing coaching device that may be mounted to
the athlete, or the equipment.
[0201] Another object of the invention is to produce an electronic
swing coaching device that may be battery powered.
[0202] Another object of the invention is to produce an electronic
swing coaching device in which continuous sound patterns may be
stored for retrieval.
[0203] Another object of the invention is to produce an electronic
swing coaching device in which the continuous sound patterns are
generated as a multicomponent tonal pattern, wherein each component
of the tonal pattern registers an aspect of the swing.
[0204] Another object of the invention is to produce an electronic
swing coaching device in which the registration of various swing
metrics may be adjusted for a given individual to match their style
of swinging and the style of sounds they desire to hear.
[0205] Another object of the invention is to produce an electronic
swing coaching device that can output continuous tones to an ear
mounted sound reproduction device, such as a set of headphone, an
earbud, or similar that may be wire connected or wireless.
[0206] Another object of the invention is to produce a golf ball
having a transmitter for communicating information relating to its
travel and final location after being struck.
[0207] Another object of the invention is to produce a golf ball
capable of storing sufficient electrical charge to operate a
transmitter for a period of about five to fifteen seconds.
[0208] Another object of the invention is to produce a golf ball
capable of transmitting an identifier.
[0209] Another object of the invention is to produce an autonomous
ball collection device, such as for a driving range.
[0210] Another object of the invention is to produce an autonomous
ball collection device that launches, scopps, collects, pushes, or
combination thereof, the balls at or into a collection station for
later redistribution.
[0211] An aspect of the present invention is a safe and fun weight
training device, that is based on the sequential reciprocation of
multiple pistons during one repetition of the motion involved in
the particular exercise. The device is referred to herein as a
reciprocating piston motion (RPM) power training device. (Although
the term RPM also can refer to the RPM of the crankshaft that
results from the user input.) Training devices based on the present
invention are described as being generally comprised of two
components: the "RPM power engine" which is installed within a
"muscle group chassis" configured for coupling user power into the
power engine from one or more selected muscle groups. Control of
the RPM power engine may be configured for either manual or
electronic control by means of a power engine controller.
[0212] By way of example the "RPM power engine" can be implemented
to provide compression according to various configurations such as
fixed cylinders in a radial, gnome, in-line, v-twin, opposed flat,
rotary, or other configurations such as configurations similar to
those utilized in combustion engines. It will be appreciated that
the present invention utilizes these basis of compressive forms for
creating controlled levels of drag which is evidenced by the
different structures employed. The use of multiple cylinders
provides a number of advantages (1) optional "notching" output
wherein the required applied force is not a smooth function with
respect to distance and thereby more accurately simulates actual
muscle use conditions; (2) dynamic drag is added to the
traditionally nearly static drag of a damper (single piston); (3)
it is contemplated that providing a similarity to combustion
engines will be popular with a large segment of athletes which are
interested in engines, cars, and motorcycles. To further this end
the configuration of the RPM power engine may be implemented to
mimic the basic planform of specific types of engines, for example
the V-twin of a Harley-Davidson motorcyle, the flat six of a
Porsche 911, the rotary of a Mazda Rx-8, the dual in-line of a
Rolls-Royce, the radial of a WWII Corsair, and so forth. These
aspects of the machine can even be co-sponsored by automotive or
motorcycle manufacturers as a form of advertising and to increase
brand awareness and loyalty.
[0213] The RPM power unit can provide increased workout efficiency
as it allows for a controlled workout in either direction of
movement and provides a user selectable amount of what is referred
to as "notching" wherein the resistance pattern during a given
workout stroke has a series of peaks and valleys that stimulate
muscles in two ways. It will be appreciated that muscles are
optimally worked using both slow force movements, such as provided
by traditional weightlifting, and rapid movement, such as provided
by boxing, or similar activities. However, in traditional
weightlifting the slow force movement benefits are lost, or
diminished, if the muscle group is worked rapidly and many
neophytes tend to "bounce" the weights to increase their apparent
strength as judged by the mass being operated on. The present
system provides dual benefits in a workout with both a controlled
slow force movement to which a rapid movement is overlayed. The
rapid variation in force provided by the present invention causes
the muscles to react rapidly over the baseline power stroke and
thereby it is contemplated that workout efficiency may be
dramatically increased.
[0214] The term "rep" is a common term in weightlifting for a
repetition that involves moving the power input device from a first
position, through a range of motion and back to the first position,
and is used herein for the sake of brevity.
[0215] The RPM power training device may be implemented in a number
of ways without departing from the teachings of the present
invention. The unit may be integrated within the design of a
strength training system (muscle group chassis), providing single
or dual action, or the RPM power training device may be implemented
as an add-on unit for existing weight training systems and other
forms of strength training systems.
[0216] Every form of conventional strength training device may be
modified for use by operably coupling the RPM power engine core
with a muscle group chassis by means of a power coupling, such as
cables and pulleys. Thereby, strength training machines such as
bench press, lat pulls, and any force over distance exercise system
may utilize the RPM power engine for controlling the resistance
profiles of the workout. Power may be coupled from the muscle group
chassis to the RPM power engine in either one or two directions of
motion. It will be appreciated that the MGC input device, for
instance a lat bar, within the present device will not cause the
user to hyperextend as sometimes occurs with the use of weights.
The input device can be conveniently positioned and will not cause
overextension as it is not pulling or pushing the user toward one
of the machine limits.
[0217] (a) Single direction--rotational coupling with a biasing
mechanism to allow input power receiving member to return back to
starting point. Resistance in the return direction generally
minimized so that only a small biasing force is required.
[0218] Biasing force may be provided by any conventional biasing
means, such as a linear or rotational spring, weights, or other
energy storage elements.
[0219] (b) Dual direction--user movement of the user input member
is coupled through the RPM power training core over the full range
of motion, typically just two opposing directions (linear or
polar).
[0220] In addition, the RPM power training core may be attached to
existing strength training devices, such as cable driven weight
training equipment, to provide enhanced features. Another
embodiment is described for a notching pulley device that can be
readily added to conventional weight training machines as an
alternative to adding an RPM Power Unit. A partial list of the
features of the present invention include the following:
[0221] Dual direction resistance (DDR)--wherein opposing muscle
groups may be worked with each rep.
[0222] Full range resistance setting--resistance can be set for any
desired value, and may be set to vary in response to the velocity
of the workout.
[0223] Warm-up button--An input, such as a button, that directs the
controller to drop the resistance, such as by a percentage, for a
given period of time and ramp it up to the set resistance value.
Use of a button gives the user total control of how and when they
want the warm-up feature.
[0224] Automatic warm-up period--The controller may automatically
invoke a warm-up interval after any new resistance is set, or
substantial delay between use has occurred. During the warm-up
period the machine preferably operates at a predetermined, or user
selected, lower amount of resistance. For example, preferably the
unit starts at -10%, -15%, -20%, 25% of the user selected
resistance setting and gradually increases the resistance up to the
programmed setting. Preferably the unit provides an initial partial
cycle at the rated resistance to facilitate finding the correct
resistance setting. After the first cycle, or a delay in the cycle,
such as after test and before commencing; the unit adjusts
resistance to the lower warm-up value and then ramps up as the
work-out progresses. A warm up interval preferably spans a
predetermined, or user selected, amount such as one minutes to
three minutes. Unless the power changes or a substantial delay
ensues, delays between sets will not invoke the warm-up
interval.
[0225] Power shifter--the user can optionally select the gearing
within the RPM power training device wherein the ratio of the
relative speed of reciprocation, in relation to the speed of the
input member is shifted. It will be appreciated that the resistance
setting in combination with the power shifter setting determines
the setting of the machine which equates to the amount of weight on
a conventional machine.
[0226] Notched rep--a unique feature in which the resistance curve
(pounds-force) is not smooth, it contains "notches" associated with
each of the multiple compression of the associated pistons. The
system may be implemented to smooth out the notches or to
accentuate the notches. For example using a larger number of
cylinders smoothes out the transfer function. In addition, gearing
may be adapted which provides a compliant coupling that can allow
selective adjustment of the notches. It is anticipated that a
"notched workout" will better prepare muscles for actual conditions
of use, since real work rarely moves smoothly.
[0227] Workout power meters--a display preferably outputs both the
instantaneous power input and/or the total amount of work (PxT)
during the given workout. The power input may be generally
determined by the resistance settings X RPM X constant, which is
integrated over time to generate a work value.
[0228] Numerous types of displays may be utilized, such as LCD,
LED, Electronic ink, plasma, analog, and so forth. Alternatively,
or preferably in addition to which, an audio output render certain
information or sound effects associated with the workout session.
One appealing arrangement for the power meters is as a conventional
automotive or motorcycle tachometer (power) and speedometer (work)
so that it appears that the harder the athlete works the faster
they can reach. If an electronic ink display is utilized,
techniques described in Patent Application Serial number ______ may
be employed for making a polar display wherein the display face
sweep is coupled either directly or indirectly to the movement of
the crankshaft of the power unit.
[0229] Memorized machine setup--preferably a machine that is
configured with a number of adjustments as to power, autoshifting,
notching, and so forth is configured to memorize each users desired
settings from one workout to the next. Preferably, the user
identifies themselves at a station, such as by biometric identifier
(finger print, voice code, etc.) or the use of the bracelet, ring,
card, fob, or heart monitor containing unique ID, that uniquely
identifies the user to the system. The system them retrieves
setting data from a database and adjust the machine for the given
user. Furthermore, the system provides a number of settings for a
given user, such as Hard, Medium, and Soft workout, wherein the
user can select the workout for that day, as it may be a light day
on a particular machine. This setting may be entered by means of an
input selector such as buttons switches and so forth.
[0230] Heart monitor with unique ID--preferably the heart monitor
is adapted with a unique multidigit identifier associated with the
given user that is coupled to the transmitter of the heart monitor.
Wherein the system can automatically register the presence of the
user when in proper position for a workout.
[0231] "Sending workouts home" (transmission of workout information
to user)--High end versions of the system are preferably configured
to automatically transmit the users workout data to a selected
address. Although other forms of packetized data routing may be
utilized, it will be appreciated that email is ubiquitous and easy
to configure and send, providing the workout stations are
interconnected, can access the Internet, and contain IP control
hardware. This data may be automatically entered by the user into a
spreadsheet or other analysis/display application to allow the user
to chart their own progress without additional overhead.
[0232] "Throttle" (in-situ resistance adjustment)--user can alter
the amount of resistance, referred to as a power setting, while
performing the exercise. The throttle may be implemented in many
forms, such as a crank throttle, a shift style throttle, a foot
pedal, a crank, a voice activated throttle control, a workout
sensitive "autoresistance" controller, and other forms of directing
user input to alter the setting of the resistance.
[0233] Autoresistance controller--controls the throttle setting
automatically based on user input forces, such as off-path,
reversals, speed changes, and so forth, which are applied during
the workout. For example, speed of movement during the repetition
is a simple metric by which the resistance can be controlled. The
autoresistance controller receives input from a motion sensing
means which is detected by a processor. When the flow of the
workout falls outside of the desired speed range, the unit
automatically shifts the power setting. For example, if the user
slows down too much then it shifts to less resistance, if the user
speeds up then it shifts to increase resistance. This feature is
preferably utilized in conjunction with registering and displaying
the power of the workout.
[0234] Adding Penalty Time--If the workout is proceeding slower
than called for in the workout profile, then penalty time accrues.
Preferably the penalty time is shown accruing on a separate time
counter, so that the user is aware of what their lack-luster
performance is costing. Preferably the power input requirement of
the penalty time should be determined to be larger than the missing
difference, for example 125%, 150%, 200%, and so forth. In this way
the user is discouraged from trying to cheat their way through the
workouts by setting a high power setting but not following through
with sufficient power output.
[0235] Multiple fluid use--The system may be implemented using air
or other fluids, such as water or oils, within the system against
which the force of the pistons is directed. An air filled system
does not need to be closed, whereas a system filled with a
non-ambient fluid will require proper containment.
[0236] Copower generation--optionally can generate own power if it
is used in a standalone configuration with low power displays. For
example, magnetic pistons may be adapted to slide through coils
integrated with the cylinders, or the crankshaft may be coupled to
or configured with a conventional generator.
[0237] The present invention therefore is directed at the following
objectives, which may be accomplished singly or in combinations
thereof.
[0238] An object of the invention is to provide safe and efficient
strength training for serious athletes and occasional athlete
alike.
[0239] Another object of the invention is to provide enhanced user
feedback to increase both the efficiency and control within a
workout, while increasing the entertainment value.
[0240] Another object of the invention is to provide a strength
training device in which the user can actually feel, and optionally
hear, the power that they are inputting to the the device.
[0241] Another object of the invention is to provide a form of
resistance that itself is motivating.
[0242] Another object of the invention is to provide a workout in
which the user if preventing from "bouncing" the weights resistance
and lowering the effectiveness of their workout.
[0243] Another object of the invention is to provide resistance
that can be predetermined or user selected.
[0244] Another object of the invention is to provide a non-smooth
resistance profile, referred to as notching (non-linear force
versus distance) which increases the effectiveness of the
workout.
[0245] Another object of the invention is to provide sensing of the
motion of the system, wherein the power and use of the machine may
be recorded.
[0246] Another object of the invention is to provide a system in
which additional elements of sight and sound may be appropriately
added, such as the sounds of reciprocating power and associated, to
enhance the ambiance of the workout.
[0247] Another object of the invention is to provide a
multicylinder compression load that simulates the operation of a
reciprocating engine.
[0248] Another object of the invention is to provide a user
interface on which are displayed workout statistics.
[0249] Another object of the invention is to provide a user
interface implemented as an instrument cluster to appear similar to
those utilized within vehicles.
[0250] Another object of the invention is to provide a power
control mounted within reach of the individual while operating the
strength training machine.
[0251] Another object of the invention is to provide a power
transmission on the input of the multicylinder compressive load
that has selectable ranges.
[0252] Another object of the invention is to provide a means for
varying the compressive resistance for a first and/or second
direction of travel.
[0253] Another object of the invention is to provide a strength
training device that may be added to existing weight machines to
provide notching and other additional benefits.
[0254] Another object of the invention is to provide a device for
augmenting strength training that may be incorporated within a
cable or belt pulley.
[0255] Another object of the invention is to provide a pulley
device which provides integrated motion sensing to facilitate
automation of training equipment.
[0256] Another object of the invention is to provide a pulley for
cable operating weight training equipment that operates as a speed
brake to increase the safety of conventional weight machines that
otherwise can subject users to hyperextension and other problems
during workouts.
[0257] Another object of the invention is to provide a strength
training unit that is lighter and easier to move than existing
systems.
[0258] Another object of the invention is to provide a strength
training device that may be held in place by a retained weight of
water held as ballast.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0259] The invention will be more fully understood by reference to
the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes
only:
[0260] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sparring partner control
unit mounted to a free-standing striking bag according an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0261] FIG. 2 is a side view of the sparring partner control unit
as shown in FIG. 1, showing omnidirectional audio output and
control inputs.
[0262] FIG. 3 is a top view of the sparring partner control unit as
shown in FIG. 2.
[0263] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a sparring partner control
unit mounted to a hanging "big-bag" form of striking bag, shown
with optional RF link to an external audio generation unit and the
receipt of impact information from multiple impact sensors.
[0264] FIG. 5 is a side view of a sparring partner control unit
integrated within a torso-shaped impact receiving striking
member.
[0265] FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the sparring partner circuitry
according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing an
acceleration sensor coupled to a microcontroller for mapping the
impacts to organic human sound outputs.
[0266] FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a simple routine for converting the
impacts to the organic human sound output of the device according
to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0267] FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a routine for processing impacts
and summing accumulated damage according to an embodiment of the
present invention.
[0268] FIG. 9 are front views of a sports swing training device
mounted to golf club shaft and to a tennis racket according to
embodiments of the present invention.
[0269] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the sports
swing training device shown with the functions for processing a
multitude of accelerations axis and other swing metrics which are
converted to a multidimensional sound pattern.
[0270] FIG. 11 is a waveform diagram exemplifying a segment of a
sound output having multidimensional aspects controlled within the
present invention.
[0271] FIG. 12 is a waveform diagram of a single acceleration
metric and the glitch detection aspect of the invention being
detected therein.
[0272] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the swing
feedback device of present invention shown implemented using a
microcontroller.
[0273] FIG. 14 is a flowchart of processing accelerations to render
multidimensional audio output according to an aspect of the present
invention.
[0274] FIG. 15 is a side view of a golf ball according to an aspect
of the present invention which is configured for communicating
position and other information.
[0275] FIG. 16 is a cross-section of the golf ball shown in FIG.
15.
[0276] FIG. 17 is a block diagram of the golf ball of FIG. 16.
[0277] FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a robotic device for
collecting or assembling golf balls from a range or field according
to an aspect of the present invention.
[0278] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a reciprocating piston motion
(RPM) power training device according to an embodiment of the
present invention, showing the device along with optional
electronic controls and interfaces.
[0279] FIG. 20 is a front view of a notching device according to an
aspect of the present invention shown mounted on a conventional
weight machine.
[0280] FIG. 21 is a front view of another notching device according
to an aspect of the present invention shown mounted on a
conventional weight machine.
[0281] FIG. 22 is a front view of a speed restriction device
according to an aspect of the present invention shown mounted on a
conventional weight machine.
[0282] FIG. 23 is an alternate embodiment of the RPM power device
according to an aspect of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0283] Referring more specifically to the drawings, for
illustrative purposes the present invention is embodied in the
apparatus generally shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 23. The detailed
description exemplifies specific embodiments of the invention which
are described in sufficient detail so as to allow a person of
ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention without undue
experimentation. It will be appreciated that the apparatus may vary
as to configuration and as to details of the parts without
departing from the basic concepts as disclosed herein.
[0284] FIG. 1 through FIG. 8 depict embodiments and aspects of a
sparring partner device which can be attached somewhere to a
striking bag, or other device configured to be struck during
athletic events or practice. When turned on the unit measures the
relative acceleration of the bag to determine the power of each
hit. Upon each hit the device outputs a tone sound whose tone
and/or amplitude denotes the power of the hit. The person sparring
is thereby given feedback as to their workout, they will be
motivated to hit harder. It is more enjoyable when one has
feedback.
[0285] The unit also will track or keep a running "damage" count
with each hit.
[0286] When enough "damage" (hits sufficiently hard and enough of
them), then the device will signal TKO--match/workout over. The TKO
indicator sums up the power of each hit and subtracts damage in
proportion to the delay between hits, so the simulated
enemy/combatant slowly recovers from each hit. This forces the
person to work more quickly at finishing the opponent, which is
very much like real life.
[0287] A "hit power" to "sound" adjustment allows the bag to be
used by young sprouts or heavyweight champs. The adjustment knob
has numbered settings that click for specific setting not vague
regions.
[0288] Also a TKO adjustment allows one to set how tough the
opponent is to take down. This is like setting the length of the
workout or number of reps. Internally--the HW operates as
follows:
[0289] One or more acceleration sensors are used to sense bag
strikes. If more than one sensor they are placed so that
accelerations in any horizontal direction can be sensed. These
sensors produce a small voltage in response to a change in
acceleration.
[0290] The signal conditioning circuit amplifies and eliminates
noise from the sensors, then sums the sensor outputs into a single
output that is sent to the A-D in the microcontroller for
processing. The microcontroller may send back a signal based on the
setting of the force potentiometer so that the gain of the
amplifiers is adjusted. Otherwise the A-D will need to cover a full
spectrum of settings and the resolution on any setting may be
inadequate. Once the microcontroller measures the signal strength
through A-D and applies correction factors based on force setting
and internal lookup that compensates for hardware to compute an
force value. The resultant force value is then averaged with last
reading. The result is used to lookup a tone sequence to be played
on the speaker. The unit then sends out an appropriate tone
corresponding to the hit intensity duration and force setting. Each
resultant force value is added to the existing level of damage.
Also an amount of damage is subtracted with each sense mode the
amount depends on force setting and TKO setting.
[0291] When the sum of these force values equals a preset value
corresponding to the TKO setting, then the microprocessor sends out
a tone sequence to indicate that the workout is over/match
ended.
[0292] FIG. 1 through FIG. 3 exemplify a sparring training/workout
device 10 having a sparring partner control unit 12 which attaches
to the strike impact receiving member 14 such as on a top surface
16. The strike impact receiving member 14 may also be referred to
as a striking bag 14, and it is shown in a typically configuration
with sides 18 for receiving impacts, and a vertical support 20
which is stabilized by a base member 22.
[0293] The figures depict a simple embodiment of the sparring
partner control unit 12, having a small number of features
implemented on a total of four controls. It will be noted that the
unit is shown as a self-contained unit for mounting to a striking
bag, and does not provide an electronic readout.
[0294] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are detailed views of the sparring partner
control unit 12 shown within a housing 24, which is configured with
apertures 26 through which the generated audio is directed. An
acoustic deflector 28 is shown mounted proximal to an audio
transducer 30, such as a conventional speaker or piezoelectric
transducer. The depicted configuration provides for directing the
generated audio in a circular pattern from the unit 12, wherein the
user receives substantially equal audio feedback regardless of
where they are positioned when striking the bag. It will be
appreciated that other speaker arrangements may be utilized, and
that multiple audio transducers may be incorporated. Furthermore,
the speaker may be eliminated from the unit altogether wherein
audio signals may be transmitted via a standard AM or FM broadcast
channel to an audio system, or via a dedicated communication link
to an means for generating audio.
[0295] A printed circuit board (PCB) 32, or similar retention
structure, to which electronics and mechanical elements may be
joined. A preferred method of sensing impacts is with the use of
acceleration sensors, along at least one axis. Registering
accelerations in three axis provides for the greatest accuracy in
registering impact forces, however, this is achieved at a slightly
increased cost. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate
that tilt sensors, and other forms of sensors may be alternatively
utilized for registering impacts without departing from the present
invention.
[0296] Two rotary encoders 34, 36 are shown attached to the PCB 32
with knobs 38, 40 whose shafts extend from the encoders 34, 36.
Preferably these encoders provide detented positions, such as
illustrated by the surrounding legends marked from 1 to 10 with 1/2
indicias, which in this instance provides 20 positions for each of
the impact scaling control knob 38 and the optional TKO threshold
control knob 40. It will be appreciated that a device may be
implemented according to the present invention which lacks either
or both of these controls 38, 40, however, this would generally be
a less preferable arrangement as the device would not readily
accommodate the power and endurance requirements of a given
athlete. Similarly, the sparring device of the invention may be
configured to automatically determine an impact setting based upon
an initial user strike, and may heuristically determine a TKO
setting and even recovery from a known use history from an
individual, or from sample inputs or other information that may be
extracted from the user/bag interaction. A pushbutton power switch
42 is shown protruding from the top of the housing.
[0297] Although a power control may be incorporated within the
other controls, its use would then require altering the settings of
the controls. Preferably power control switch 42 is configured with
a power activation circuit which turns off unit power if no impacts
are registered within a given period of time. A volume control 44
is depicted for controlling the overall audio amplitude, such as
with an audio taper potentiometer within the audio amplifier. It
will also be appreciated that a D-class (digital output) audio
amplifier may be utilized wherein the volume may be controlled
digitally in response to setting of a volume control encoder. One
of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that a number of
control types may be substituted for controlling the described
aspects of the invention without departing from the present
invention.
[0298] In operation, the user sets the impact 38 and TKO 40
controls according to their size, level of skill, and intended
workout intensity and duration. It will be appreciated that the
combination of impact and TKO settings define a workout regime
wherein the user can get a defined workout to facilitate a training
program. It will be noted that should the user deliver blows at
lower frequency or power to the bag during the workout that their
workout time is extended, and could in fact be extended
indefinitely if the damage input is less than the recovery set for
the device.
[0299] The recovery level may be alternatively set within the
device, wherein the user may determine if they want the recovery
feature, and to what extent the accumulated damage (preferably in
relation to a given power setting), should lesson per unit of time
during the workout. This aspect of the invention can discourage
sloppy, non-aggressive workouts. The user is further encouraged as
the device emits organic human sound, such as moans, groans, and
even screams, in response to the intensity of the impacts being
registered. The device also can generate voiced audio, such as
verbal banter, or abuse, from the sparring partner device.
[0300] A number of further aspects of the invention are
contemplated including the ability to select the type of sounds
that the device is to generate in response to the sparring event,
these may be configured as a selection of a particular simulated
opponent, such as a celebrity pugilist, or other characters. The
intensity of the verbal audio may be preferably selected in
addition to whether abusive or foul language is to be allowed.
[0301] The device may also be configured to allow the user to
record their own sounds and verbal banter for output by the device
in response to impacts. For example, a microphone and audio
programming controls may be incorporated to allow the user to
record sounds and to indicate what and how those sounds are to be
used by the device during a sparring workout.
[0302] The sparring device may be configured to interact with a
heart monitor for establishing the pace of the workout. The user
would enter, or otherwise establish, a desired heart rate for the
workout session, and the unit would modulate one or more device
settings in response to the actual heart rate relative to the
desired heart rate setting. For example, the impact range setting
may be adjusted so as to attempt to maintain the user at the given
heart rate setting. Furthermore, damage recovery and TKO setting
may be modulated in conjunction with the heart rate monitor.
[0303] Statistics are preferably retained within the device for a
given workout which may be displayed, accessed, or conveyed, during
or subsequent to the sparring workout for tracking workout
progress. For example, the unit may display statistics such as
workout duration, maximum impact, average impact rate, and so forth
to aid the user in gauging the progress of workouts. Furthermore,
the data may be communicated, such as to a remote device or
computer for logging and tracking purposes.
[0304] FIG. 4 exemplifies a sparring training/workout device 50 as
a "heavy" striking bag 51 and a control unit which comprises an
external audio generation/control unit 52 whose receiver picks up
signals from a sending unit 54 attached to the striking bag, or
similar. The embodiment depicted is more sophisticated than that
shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, and provides a number of additional
features. It should be appreciated that the aspects of the
invention shown in FIG. 4 may be implemented singly or in
combination to a sparring unit, such as shown in FIG. 1 through
FIG. 3, without departing from the present invention.
[0305] Sending unit 54 is configured for registering impacts and
communicating the impact information to an external control and
audio generation unit 52. Although the receiving unit is depicted
as a customized controller, the present invention may be
implemented to use a PDA, computer, laptop computer, or other
device configured with a receiver and which executes an application
that provides the features described herein. The sending unit is
shown with a single control, which is a power activation button 55,
that preferably is connected with a power deactivation circuit to
power off the unit after a sufficient period of inactivity. In
contrast to the self-contained unit of FIG. 1 through FIG. 3, this
device has the controls and performs the bulk of the operations on
a device external to the impact receiving member.
[0306] It should be appreciated that the aspects of the present
invention may be variously divided as a matter of design between
local and remote units without departing from the present
invention. Furthermore, the device may be implemented within an
intermediary receiver unit which registers the signals and
communicates them to a subsequent unit, either by RF or other
remote communication means, or by a wired connection. For example,
a receiver unit may comprise a small receiver with optional
controls that may be configured to be connected to a sound system
for audio output, and/or to a computerized device, such as a PC,
laptop, PDA, and so forth which can provide additional features. It
should be readily appreciated that the functions described for the
present invention may be implemented in various alternative ways
without departing from the teachings herein.
[0307] The striking bag 51 is shown vertically suspended by chains
56, or similar, which attach to an upper portion 57. The impact
sensor may be mounted within sending unit 54, however, an optional
configuration is shown wherein one or more sensors are mounted
remote from the sending unit. The present embodiment depicts a
mounting tube 58 which houses a lower sensor 60a, and an upper
sensor 60b. The impacts registered from sensors 60a, 60b are
transmitted through antenna 62 to the audio generation/control unit
52. The use of multiple sensors within a striking bag 51 allows for
more accurate registration of impact intensity, while it
additionally allows for the determination of hit location in
relation to the two impact sensors.
[0308] An alternative form of impact registration may be utilized
by incorporating sensors on the exterior surface of the bag which
are capable of registering the intensity of impacts being received.
For example, these sensors may incorporate piezoelectric materials
which generate electrical signals in response to their rate and
extent of deflection. Optical sensing could be utilized, such as by
sensing optical attenuation in response to deflections along fiber
optics.
[0309] Audio generation/control unit 52 comprises a housing 64 and
is configured with an external antenna 66, or an internal antenna
(such as on the PCB) for receiving signal from sending unit 54.
Controls are depicted to control audio volume 68, impact scaling
70, and TKO threshold 72. A separate set of controls is shown for
selecting a number of additional user settings, and comprises a
display 74, selection knob 76, setting buttons 78 (i.e. up and
down) and a menu control button 80. The user may then select items
such as personality, recovery parameters and so forth by following
a menu displayed on display 74 and making selections with knob 76
in combination with the setting buttons, such as up and down. These
parameters to be selected have been discussed throughout the
summary and descriptions herein. It should also be appreciated that
instead of incorporating sensors at the ends of tube 58, as shown,
that separate sensors may be incorporated, such as remote sensor 84
shown attached to the bottom of the bag. These remote sensors may
be configured as transducer elements which are powered by an
internal source or by received RF or inductive power. Remote sensor
84 transmits acceleration information either to another device such
as sensor 54, or directly to the remote station 52.
[0310] Audio is preferably generated from the remote unit, shown
having a speaker grill 82 beneath which on or more speakers are
provided to generate audio. The remote unit may be alternatively,
or additionally, coupled to a sound system which may then generate
the audio for the unit.
[0311] FIG. 5 depicts an impact training device 90 incorporating a
sparring partner device 92 according with the present invention
within a torso-style striking device 94 having a head, chest 98,
and abdomen 100 which is configured to absorb impacts during
training. Sparring partner electronics 92 are shown with simple
controls 102, such as for impact range, TKO setting, and volume. A
wired acceleration sensor 104 is shown coupled to the electronics
in a position to more readily detect accelerations, by virtue of
being further from the pivot point of the torso. An audio
transducer 106 is shown for generating the sounds of the device. It
will be appreciated that the unit may similarly generate
acceleration or other impact information which is communicated to
one or more remote (wired, or wireless) units that operate to
provide the audio feedback from the unit.
[0312] FIG. 6 exemplifies an implementation of the sparring partner
device using a microcontroller. One or more acceleration sensors
110 are provided to register user impact, although other forms of
impact sensing may be utilized. The acceleration information is
communicated either directly, or via an optional
transmitter-receiver pair (i.e. radio-frequency transmission) to a
microcontroller 114. A power control circuit 116 is shown with an
ON button 118. Pressing button 118 applies power to the power
controller which latches in an ON state. Power is turned off by
microprocessor 114 after a sufficient period of time has elapsed
wherein the device is inactive. Microcontroller 114 generates audio
output coupled to an audio device 120 coupled with audio transducer
122 (i.e. coil speaker, or piezoelectric transducer), shown having
a volume control 124. Any convenient form of audio generation and
amplification may be implemented by one of ordinary skill in the
art without departing from the present invention, such as A, B, C,
or D-class amplifiers and others. It will be recognized that
D-class amplifiers are becoming increasingly popular for use with
microcontrollers due to the logic level inputs.
[0313] A set of controls are shown coupled to microcontroller 114,
comprising: (1) An impact range control 126 which determines the
amount of audio generated for a given impact and the amount of
relative damage accumulation. Impact range can be considered
similar to setting the amount of weight in a weight training
machine, the higher the strength of the user, the higher this
control is set. (2) a recover rate control 128 allowing the user to
control how rapidly the sparring partner recovers from damage, and
thereby how much the workout is extended as a result of low impact
rates. This control is optional and may be set to a predetermined
value, such as in response to the impact range or TKO setting, or
combination thereof. (3) TKO threshold 130 setting the endpoint for
the workout. The threshold is set for the accumulated damage that
the user has wrought on the sparring partner, preferably less the
recovery that occurred between strikes. This control finds
equivalence in the number of repetitions for a given weight during
weight training, because the impact range and TKO define the
scaling the threshold for the sparring workout. (4) A sound
selection control 132 allowing the user to select how they want the
unit to react for the impacts being registered. This control may be
simple or elaborate as described previously, wherein the user may
select a given type, define their own types, control the
characteristics of personalities and so forth. A memory device 134,
is shown operatively coupled to microcontroller 114, although all
or a portion of the memory may be incorporated within the
microcontroller (or microprocessor) itself.
[0314] It is presumed that microcontroller 114 contains at least a
program store and registers for executing the firmware for
performing the described functions described herein. Memory 134 is
shown adapted for storing the impact sounds, such as groans, moans,
sighs, screams, and verbal banter for the device, and the tables
that control the selection of the particular sounds. In addition
the memory may store sounds associated with rhythm settings, crowd
noises, TKO sound effects, personality data for different sparring
partners and so forth. A secondary impact sensor, acceleration
sensor 136 is shown for collecting additional information to more
accurately determine the impacts being received, such as detected
the accelerations at the opposing end of a free-standing striking
device.
[0315] FIG. 7 depicts a flowchart for a simple sparring device
according to the present invention. Once the unit is powered up and
initialized as per block 200, impacts are registered as represented
by block 202 and then optionally normalized as per block 204
according to the impact range setting to allow equalizing the
output for various users. It may be preferable to couple the
selection of sound output with the impact range, wherein the sounds
generated for a person using the device on the lowest setting would
be indicative of the sounds generated by smaller, less physical,
individuals; whereas the sounds generated at the higher impact
settings would be more indicative of sounds generated by
individuals of larger stature, or physicality. In this way
individuals would be less inclined to set the impact setting
artificially low, as the sounds generated would be indicative of
the "size of individual" they had chose to "spar" with. The sounds
are then selected based on the current state of the unit and the
normalized impact setting as represented in block 206.
[0316] For example if no sound is being generated then a generated
random number may be used to point to a sound string, such as
"Uggh", "ouch", groan, a verbal response or any audio output, that
is then commenced. If a sound or string is in progress such as
within the phrase, "come on an hit me you sissy man", then the
tonation of the phrase may change within the phrase or in some
cases the phrase may be cut short to generate a different phrase.
In this way continuity of phrasing may be provided, while the unit
provides realistic responses to the blows being received. The audio
segment is then output to the speaker as per block 208, or
alternatively through a remote unit providing audio output, and the
loop ends 210.
[0317] Audio output may be provided in a number of forms, such as
direct from a bag mounted unit, from a remote unit, or from
earpieces or headsets mounted on the user. For example, the user
may be provided with a headset, or earpiece through which they can
hear the generated audio, the headset/earpiece may be wired to a
receiver unit, such as belt mounted, or be coupled by RF to a
remote transmitter. This form of individualized audio allows the
user to experience a workout with intense audio feedback without
disturbing other individuals nearby.
[0318] It should be noted that the sound is not just generated
during the duration of the impact but continues to be sequenced
after the impact is registered, as it will be appreciated that a
sound, or phrase may span a time period that greatly exceeds any
registered impact, while verbal banter may be generated that is
generated spontaneously without a hit being registered. The above
sequence continues for additional impacts being registered by the
device.
[0319] FIG. 8 depicts a flowchart for an embodiment of the sparring
device which accumulates damage toward a TKO setting. Operation
commences as represented by block 212 and impacts are registered at
block 214. It will be appreciated that impact registration using an
acceleration sensor comprises converting discerning the amount of
impact which has taken place based on one or more acceleration
profiles in combination with the acceleration history. Impacts,
therefore, are not registered as the bag swings, or is otherwise
moved or moving, for these are readily discerned from historical
and from acceleration slope values as being non-impacts. The impact
value is preferably normalized at block 216 and the state of
accumulated damage is retrieved at block 218 and the sound state at
block 220. The next sound output is then determined in response to
the received impact in view of the current state of the sound and
the accumulated damage registered to date as represented by block
222, and output as a segment of audio as per block 224. For
example, the sounds generated by an exhausted opponent that is
close to being knocked out, differs from that generated by a fresh
opponent. Furthermore, the state of the sound, or verbal string
being voiced, is taken into account so that continuity and realism
are provided.
[0320] It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art
that an interrupt routine would preferably be used for generating
sound segments through the audio system between events based on the
setting for a given event. For example a tick interrupt may be set
to output a new sound phase every 100 uS based on values retained
in an audio sequence memory, a pointer to which may be established
in response to the impacts registered and the interpretation based
on accumulated damage and impact range. Therefore, the impacts are
used for altering the selection of sound outputs, but the actual
sound outputs are generated by the lower level firmware, in this
case the interrupts which sequence out the portions of audio
necessary to generate the selected sounds.
[0321] Impacts are preferably logged at block 226 for historical
use, and may be optionally displayed or communicated as per block
228. The damage is then recalculated, such as by adding the impact
value to the accumulated damage minus a temporally derived recovery
value as represented by block 230. A check is made on the progress
of the match wherein the accumulated damage is checked in relation
to the TKO setting as per block 232. If the TKO threshold has been
reached, then the match (workout) is over, and the unit preferably
generates "match end" sound effects as represented at block 234,
such as the opponent hitting the mat and the sound of cheering. The
sequence ends at block 236 as it awaits additional events.
[0322] FIG. 9 through FIG. 14 depict embodiments and aspects of a
swing coach device for mounting to sports equipment. FIG. 9 depicts
the swing coach mounted to a golf club 10 and a tennis racket 30,
which are configured to transmit information to a remote device 50
for generating multidimensional audio feedback in response to the
swing metrics. The swing coach unit senses multidimensional club
acceleration which is converted to a multidimensional audio pattern
akin to the sound output of a musical instrument. A golf club 12
having a grip 14 shaft 16 and head 18 is shown with a swing coach
20 attached to an upper portion of the shaft and configured with
user controls 22, such as power, volume, and swing storage/replay
controls. A tennis racket 32 having a string-bed 34, shaft 36,
handle 38, is shown with a yolk 40 within the upper portion of
shaft 36 within which a swing coach device 42 has been mounted,
that communicates with a remote audio output device herein
exemplified as a receiver unit 50 having a housing 52 and a
optional personal listening device 54, such as an earpiece,
headset, or similar, that is coupled to the unit by wire, or
preferably wireless communication. Personal listening device 54
comprises an earhoop attached to an audio output annunciator 56 and
an RF section with antenna 58, if the device is wirelessly coupled
to the receiver unit. Receiver unit 52 is shown with a volume
control 60, and a user interface comprising selection buttons 62,
knob 64, and knob 66. Optional speaker output 68 is shown depicted
as a speaker 68, which may be used instead of, or in addition to,
the use of the personal listening device 54.
[0323] Housing 52 may be configured for attachment to the belt of
the user, so that aspects of the audio output may be controlled by
the user. It will be appreciated that the unit mounted to the golf
club, tennis racket, or other swingable sporting device, may be
adapted with controls and an audio output device, wherein external
control and audio output units are not required, however, the size
of the resultant unit may prove cumbersome to mount, especially on
small devices such as tennis rackets.
[0324] FIG. 10 represents the swing coach 100 in a block diagram
which may be implemented in analog circuitry or executed as
firmware within a microcontroller or microprocessor. The device, or
portion of the body of the person, performing the swing is
represented as device 102. An acceleration sensor 104 is adapted
for registering accelerations from device 104, preferably in more
than one axis of acceleration, such as in three axes. The output of
acceleration sensor 104 is conditioned for use within the device
within a conditioning circuit 106, and may be scaled such as by a
scale input, or fullscale setting based on range of acceleration in
one or more axes. The acceleration data after conditioning may be
communicated directly, or via a communication protocol 108 such as
via wireless communication pathway. The acceleration data is
checked to determine if a swing is taking place by a swing detect
circuit 110 depicted as a comparator 112 having a predetermined
threshold (for one or more of the acceleration axis). If the unit
is relatively static, then no sound output is generated and the
unit may remain in a relatively quiescent state, whereby power
consumption is minimized.
[0325] Acceleration data, preferably in two to three axes, is input
to a mapping unit 114 that performs mapping of the multidimensional
accelerations to corresponding multidimensional sound patterns. The
mapping is performed according to a predetermined response pattern
that may be considered akin to a musical instrument. It will be
appreciated that although each musical instrument plays a given
collection of notes it outputs a different sound, for example a
violin compared with an oboe. The mapping function may be
considered to map the acceleration data to notes from one or more
instruments and to control the metrics of the instrument producing
the sound.
[0326] Acceleration data may retained within a memory 116 to allow
the user to refer to previous swings. Preferably the data on each
swing is stored in a temporary buffer within memory 116, and stored
for long-term storage upon the user pressing a store button 118, or
similar. The user may also select stored sounds through a selector
120, and a play control 122. This allows the user to reinforce the
sound made by a particular good swing (i.e. a long straight drive)
or hear the problems within a particular bad swing. The stored
patterns may also be compared with new swing data via as
represented by comparator 124 which synchronizes a memorized
pattern with the occurring pattern and generates an output in
response to the difference therein which is communicated to the
audio output. The difference data may be fed into the sound mapping
unit as another axis for the mapping, or instead of the
acceleration data normally received. Alternatively, the difference
information may be fed into a conditioning and conversion circuit
126 which generates sound data which may be coupled to the output
through switch 136 and rheostat 138.
[0327] A glitch detection circuit 128 is represented for detecting
the non-smooth transitions within a swing, often referred to as
"hitches", "glitches", and so forth which typically appear in the
acceleration profile in one or more axes as discontinuities. Glitch
detection is shown comprising a slope detection circuit 130 coupled
to a comparator 132 wherein discontinuous changes in slope are
detected as glitches. It will be appreciated that "glitches" may be
defined by various slope related information and historical
information about the swing and that signal processing techniques
may be utilized to provide for enhanced glitch detection.
Furthermore, the type of glitch may be characterized to provide
additional feedback to the user to aid them in "grooving" their
swing. The glitch detect output may be fed to mapping unit 114 as
one or more additional axis to be mapped to the sound output,
wherein glitches in the audio output are thereby accentuated. The
glitch information may also be processed within a separate
conditioning and conversion circuit 134 and selectively fed into
the audio output amplifier through selection switch 140 and
rheostat 142.
[0328] Audio output from the swing coach is generated from an audio
amplifier stage 144 coupled to an audio transducer 146, such as a
speaker or piezoelectric transducer. The input to the audio
amplifier stage is preferably configured for outputting any of the
metrics detected within the circuit, such as provided by a
switching device 148, which is shown for selecting input from the
mapping unit 114, the memory unit 116, or the difference unit 124.
The audio amplifier stage is shown with an input from the swing
detection circuit 110 to control the activity of the audio output
so as to eliminate buzz and such associated with nearly static
values of accelerations when a swing is not taking place. The audio
amplifier stage is also shown with inputs from the glitch detection
128 and difference detection circuits 124, wherein the difference
and/or glitches may be summed with the conventional audio output to
accentuate user discernment of swing metrics.
[0329] The audio output from the device is also optionally shown
coupled through a video interface 150 for output to a video
recorder device to allow the sounds generated by the swing coach
unit to be superimposed, or to replace, the standard audio input of
the recorder so that the user can both see and hear the swing
metrics.
[0330] Audio output directed from a unit attached to the equipment
or person, should be preferably configured to direct the sound
toward the ears of the user, to reduce the possibility of annoying
others nearby. This may be accomplished by directing the audio
output such as with "waveguide" pipe sections to collimate the
sound directly toward the user to minimize disruption to others. A
removable plastic screen over the pipe section can be used to
prevent accumulation of debris therein. The speaker may be
configured in other ways as well, such as configured in a
nonpreferred direction, such as horizontally, and for being
reflected from a pull-out flap/cover or similar structure that
redirects the sound toward the ears of the user.
[0331] A number of controls on the unit allow the user to control
aspects of the device. Audio controls 152 are shown coupled to
amplifier stage 144, exemplified as volume 158, tone 160, and
balance 162, although other controls may be included. A pattern
control 154 allows the user to select the type of mapping that is
to be performed by the unit. The mapping determines the
relationship between the acceleration input(s) to the sound output
which is indicative of the swing metrics during the entire swing.
Patterns may be selected according to the types of sound the user
finds most conducive to using the device (similar to choosing an
instrument), or to accentuate certain aspects of the swing during
the training. Patterns may be selected based on which acceleration
axis is to be mapped to which metric of the generated audio output.
For example, should axis 1 of acceleration be mapped to a
frequency, or to a second harmonic, or to what. Additionally, the
mapping can provide other relationships, for example the overall
amplitude of the audio may be determined by the sum of the chosen
acceleration axes, or may be determined by other metrics, or set to
a predetermined level.
[0332] FIG. 11 illustrates an example waveform showing a couple of
aspects of the sound which may be mapped, such as frequency,
amplitude, and harmonics. Additionally the characteristics of the
waveform may be altered according to shape based on one or more
axes of acceleration input, or input from glitch detection
circuits, difference circuits and so forth within the present
invention.
[0333] FIG. 12 depicts glitch detection on one axis within the
present invention, wherein as acceleration waveform contains
discontinuities which are detected and for which audio signals are
shown being generated in response.
[0334] FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram for the swing coach 190
shown implemented on a microcontroller based device configured for
outputting sound to a personal listening device 210 shown as an
earpiece. The swing coach is shown as a self contained unit 192
configured for mounting to the equipment, or person, at a location
for that allows for properly registering the swing. It is
preferable that a fixed location be used with a given piece of
sports equipment wherein the responses being generated may be
compared from user to user, thereby allowing predetermined ranges,
and the use of stored data for swings performed by experts.
[0335] One or more acceleration sensors 194 provide the sensing of
at least one and preferably three axis is acceleration data to a
microcontroller 196, or other programmable element such as a DSP
chip, microprocessor, and so forth. A user interface 198 is
provided to allow the user to control aspects of the device, such
as audio mapping, audio output, and memory storage and control. An
audio output stage 200 is shown for use with an audio transducer
202, herein shown as a piezoelectric transducer, or wired to a
hearing device 210. The unit may also be configured with an RF
circuit 206 which communicates to an RF circuit 208 connected with
and preferably integrated within personal hearing device 210 which
is wireless, thereby eliminating any possibly cumbersome wiring
between the device and the user. Additional memory 204 is
preferably provided with microcontroller 196 for the storage of
various mapping routines, preprogrammed audio segments or
algorithms from which audio is generated, for storing user swing
data, and for preprogrammed swing data such as from experts in the
field.
[0336] Power for the unit is provided by a power source 212 as
controlled through a power activation control, such as an ON/OFF
switch or a momentary switch that activates the unit which is
subsequently deactivated if the unit sits in a quiescent state
(i.e. accelerations below a given swing threshold) for a sufficient
period of time. It will be appreciated that the programming that is
adapted for execution within the microprocessor generally performs
the functions as shown in the block diagram shown in FIG. 10, which
may be implemented by one of ordinary skill in the art without
creative effort and without departing from the teachings of the
present invention.
[0337] FIG. 14 depicts the basic operation of the swing coach unit.
The unit is powered-on as per block 300, and initialized as per
block 302. Initialization optionally includes the output of a sound
to indicate that unit has been powered on, such as a single beep.
The initial audio output may optionally include information about
the state of the unit (self test) and power source. For example, a
low battery condition may be indicated using sound (i.e. three
beeps), or audio string (i.e. "battery low 25%"). The use may then
set the parameters of use according to block 304, after which the
unit is ready for use and begins registering accelerations as per
block 306. Accelerations, in one or more axis that exceed swing
thresholds, as represented by block 308, are then normalized
according to the setting of the device, (i.e. taking into account
the type of use, positioning on the device, and the strength of the
user) as represented by block 310.
[0338] The normalized acceleration data is then mapped, as per
block 312, to generate a multidimensional sound output in response
to a multidimensional sound input, and taking into account the
settings for glitch detection, and use prescribed mapping. The
sound is then output at block 314, preferably as a sound segment
spanning between acceleration measurements. The user controls are
then checked to determine if the user wants to alter the settings,
if so the device enters a setup mode and inputs the user settings,
otherwise registration of the inputs continues at block 306.
[0339] Mechanical mounting of the swing coach unit to the swing
detection location, such as on a golf club or tennis racquet must
be secure. This is particularly true if the device is mounted near
the head of a sports device such as a golf club that may move at a
high rate of speed. Preferably the means of attachment such as a
spring clamp is provided with a safety such as a screw clamp, or
safety cable, that prevents separation of the unit should the
spring clamp fail.
[0340] The unit is preferably operated from a single battery, such
as a coin cell, or AAA battery, although any power source may be
utilized such as capacitive power, solar power, fuel cell power,
and the like.
[0341] If the device is configured for use with a variety of
equipment or types of training is it preferably that a control be
provided allowing the user to set the approximate maximum range of
the device, so that all acceleration registration is performed on
the optimal ranges. For example inclusion of a "set maximum G
button" that the user would press before or after a "highest power"
swing. This acceleration registered would then set the range of the
device, and/or the normalization of the accelerations being
registered.
[0342] It should be appreciated that the swing coach device may be
implemented using a number of circuit variations within a number of
configurations for use with a variety of sports devices for which a
user desires to improve swing consistency.
[0343] The device generates a complex audio representation of the
metrics of the swing, as detected using acceleration sensing in
preferably two or more axes.
[0344] The device may generate audio output directly, or through
remote units via a wired or wireless connection.
[0345] FIG. 15 through FIG. 17 depict a golf ball configured for
transmitting position and optionally other information.
[0346] FIG. 15 exemplifies what appears to be a traditional golf
ball 400 having out shell 402 with dimples 404. FIG. 16 depcits a
cross section of the ball wherein the intermediate energy absorbant
material 406 is retained about an inner core 406. In the center of
the inner core 406 is an electronic unit housed within a sperical
shell 410, shown with antennas 412 extending therefrom. FIG. 17 is
a block diagram of the device showing a power control block 414
which controls the collection and use of power stored in capacitor
416, or other form of energy storage device. An impact power device
418, such as piezo-electric is shown which can register impact
force the energy from which can be stored to maintain transmission
from the device for a short period of time. An optional inductive
block 420 is also shown which may be utilized to charge the energy
storage device, and/or to load the memory of the device with
information reagrding ID information, control information, and so
forth. A controller 422 regulates the activity of the ball and
registers inputs sources, such as motion 424, and information such
as ID 426, as well as controlling transmissions from an RF unit 428
shown with antenna 412.
[0347] One embodiment of the unit transmits a beacon with ID so
that the position of the ball can be detected within a system using
a mesh or grid of detectors or with a portable finder, such as used
on the rough next to a fairway.
[0348] FIG. 18 exemplifies a robotic device 500 for collecting golf
balls on a range, or other select area. A controller 502 receives
power from a power source 504 controlled by a power controller. It
will be appreciated that the device is preferably powered by a fuel
cell, battery or other portable unit. A field position sensor 508
detects the relative position on the field, and direction of the
unit such as using a compass along with a sense grid arrangment,
GPS, or any other convenient position sensing method. A ball sensor
510 allows detecting the position of balls proximal the unit for
collection. Optional RF output 512 allows remote control of the
unit, updating commands, and informing other units of activity. A
motor drive 514 is shown for controlling motors 516a, 516b,
connected to gearing 518a, 518b, such as for a tracked vehicle. An
optional steering control 520 with motor 522 and gearing 524 is
shown for use on an untracked vehicle wherein steering control is
desired. A ball mover is shown 526 with motor 528 and gearing 530,
which may be utilized for launching balls toward a collection
device or for pushing or moving balls directly or in combination
with ball receptacle 532. A user interface 532 allows user
selection of features as well as determining aspects of device
functioning.
[0349] FIG. 19 through FIG. 23 depicts embodiments and aspects of a
strength training device. FIG. 19 exemplifies a block diagram of a
reciprocating piston motion (RPM) power training device 10 that
provides for a notched power transfer workout that is controllable
by the user in a first and second direction through any convenient
muscle group chassis, such as lat-pull. It should be appreciated
that the RPM power unit may be coupled to various muscle group
chassis using substantially conventional cable linkages. The system
further allows power to be input to the unit in both a forward and
reverse direction at the discretion of the user, and the user can
select how much resistance to provide, or relative percentage in
either direction. Following is a short list of example exercises
that may be performed using an RPM power unit integrated within a
workout machine:
[0350] Chest: Arm Pullover, Chest Fly, Chest Press, Crossover Chest
Fly, Decline Chest Fly, Decline Chest Press, Decline Push Up,
Incline Chest Fly, Incline Chest Press, Kneeling Single-Arm, Chest
Fly, Parallel Grip Chest, Press, Reverse Grip Chest, Press, Reverse
Grip Decline, Chest Press, Reverse Grip Incline, Chest Press,
Single Arm Chest Fly, Single Arm Chest, Press, Wide Chest Press
[0351] Abdominals: Abdominal Crunch, Cable Abdominal, Crunch,
Cross-body Pull Over, Crunch, Incline Sit-Up, Kneeling Torso Twist,
Lying Knee Raise, Lying Leg Lift, Prone Jack Knife, Pullover
Crunch, Reverse Crunch, Seated Torso Twist, Single Leg Lying Leg,
Lift, Single Leg Prone Jack, Knife, Trunk Side Bend
[0352] Shoulders: Behind Neck Military, Press, Cross Cable Reverse,
Fly, Cross Body Shoulder, Raises, External Shoulder, Rotation,
Front Deltoid Raises, Inward Shoulder, Rotation, Kneeling Lateral,
Shoulder Press, Kneeling Reverse Fly, Lateral Shoulder Press,
Lateral Shoulder Raise, Military Press, Outward Shoulder, Rotation,
Prone Reverse Fly, Rear Deltoid Pull, Rear Deltoid Raises, Reverse
Fly, Shoulder Abduction, Shoulder Shrug, Supine Cross-Body,
Shoulder Raises, Upright Row.
[0353] Triceps: Close Grip Chest, Press, Kneeling Reverse, Tricep
Kickback, Kneeling Tricep, Kickback, Lateral Tricep, Extension,
Overhead Tricep, Press, Reverse Grip, Overhead Tricep, Press,
Reverse Grip Tricep, Pressdown, Tricep Dip, Tricep Pressdown.
[0354] Biceps: Forearm Curl, Incline Biceps Curl, Kneeling Biceps
Curl, Kneeling Lateral Biceps, Curl, Kneeling Reverse, Biceps Curl,
Lateral Biceps Curl, Preacher Concentration, Curl, Preacher Curl,
Preacher Reverse Curl, Prone Biceps Curl, Reverse Forearm Curl,
Seated Biceps Curl, Seated Concentration, Curl, Seated Reverse
Biceps, Curl, Supine Biceps Curl, Supine Concentration, Supine
Reverse Biceps.
[0355] Back: High Crossover Lat, Row, High Lat Row, Kneeling Lat
Row, Lat Fly, Lat Pull-Down, Lat Row, Low Back Extension, Low
Crossover Lat Row, Parallel Grip Kneeling, Lat Row, Parallel Grip
Lat, Pull-Down, Parallel Grip Lat Row, Pull Up, Reverse Grip
Kneeling, Lat Row, Reverse Grip Lat, Pull-Down, Reverse Grip Lat
Row, Reverse Grip Pull Up, Single Arm Lat Row, Single Arm Pull Up,
Surfer Lat Pull.
[0356] Legs: Buns-Up Leg Press, Calf Raise, Cardio Pull, Decline
Lunge, Hamstring Curl, Hip Abduction, Hip Adduction, Hip Extension,
Incline Lunge, Lateral Lunge, Leg Extension, Leg Thrust, Lying Hip
Adduction, Plyometric Split Squat, Plyometric Squat, Rowing
Machine, Single Leg Calf Raise, Single Leg Side Squat, Skiing,
Split Squat, Sprint Squat, Squat, Standing Split Squat, Swimmer,
Toes In Squat, Toes Out Squat.
[0357] Aerobics: Bicycling, Rowing, Stairstepper, Climber,
Treadmill, etc.
[0358] The RPM power input device 10 is shown with an input unit 12
which accepts rotational energy to which resistance is applied
through the multiple reciprocating pistons. Input unit 12
preferably comprises rotating power coupling 14, such as a pulley
having a first winding direction 16 and an optional second wind
direction 18 shown interfaced to a cable 20. The second wind
direction is not necessary if a biasing device is utilized in a
similar manner as a weight machine to restore the original
position. However, the device preferably requires the user to
provide the restoration force in a two direction mode.
[0359] Cable 20 is shown interfacing with a set of pulleys 22a,
22b, 22c, (by way of example) which provide the interface with any
desired muscle group chassis (MGC) 24. It will be appreciated that
many MGCs, for example aerobic devices such as cycling, may be
coupled to the input unit 12 using chains, belts, or gears, wherein
the device provides resistance in either a forward or reverse
direction without any up or down travel limits. By way of example,
a bicycle chain may be coupled from a bicycle pedal-crank to the
input unit. Similarly, other forms of aerobic devices may be
coupled to the RPM power unit.
[0360] Input unit 12 may be adapted to allow a single RPM power
input unit to be shared with a number of stations within a circuit
training machine. By incorporating a releasable coupling, such as
into power input shaft 26, a single RPM power input unit may be
adapted for a number of stations to reduce the cost per station.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciated that a number of
releasable power couplings exist that may be utilized for this
purpose. By way of example and not of limitation, the input unit 12
may be configured on a separate shaft free to rotate and with
peripheral gear teeth that mesh with a crown gear attached to the
end of input shaft 26. In this way the RPM power unit can be
selectably engaged with any one of a number of input units. To
reduce setup time, it is preferred that electronic resistance
control be provided and that the station to the RPM power unit be
electronically registered wherein the setup may change
automatically based on the which station has been selected.
[0361] Input unit 12 is connected to a power input shaft 26 to an
optional transmission 28 which provides gearing of the input power.
Although the couplings may be configured so that a transmission is
not necessary, it is preferred that a variable ratio transmission
be utilized to allow the user to select different speed/force
ranges for the RPM power unit. The transmission is shown with a
range controller 30 in the form of a stick shift which provides an
intuitive control of the power ranges. Transmission 28 is coupled
to an RPM power engine 32, which by way of example is depicted as a
four cylinder version of the device.
[0362] A set of one-way valves 34 connect to each of the four
cylinders in an IN and OUT direction for controlling the flow in
either direction from the combination of pistons within cylinder
sleeves 36. It will be appreciated, however, that a single valve
per cylinder may be utilized in which the flow restriction in each
direction is controlled. A crankshaft 38 is depicted receiving the
energy from transmission 28. A set of pressure passageways 40 are
shown in within a head unit above the cylinders which routes the
fluid flow to and from the cylinders.
[0363] The input flow to the pistons is routed through input
pressure regulator 42a and the output flow is routed through output
pressure regulator 42b. These regulators are shown with manual
input and output pressure controls 44a, 44b, for regulating the
amount of restriction provided in the forward and reverse
directions.
[0364] It will be appreciated that the difference between the
output and input pressure determine the amount of "notching"
provided in the workout. The "notching" being the local force
variation during a given up or down stroke, which increases the
amount that the muscle is worked during a given session. These
regulators are preferably coupled so as to change settings
depending on the direction of travel, wherein the user can set the
resistance provided in either direction.
[0365] It will be appreciated that two input regulators, and two
output regulators may be provided with the flow being coupled to
the correct regulator depending on the direction of travel.
Furthermore, electronically controlled regulators may be utilized
wherein the settings for input and output flow restriction may be
modulated according to the direction and other metrics, such as
position, speed and so forth. Still further, the flow restriction
provided by the regulators may be of a simple orifice restriction
type or provide any desired resistance profile in response to the
flow rate through the flow restrictor.
[0366] For example, a rotating flowvane may be incorporated to
control the speed/power function of the restriction. The flowvane
may be configured for a predetermined speed/power setting or
implemented for allow adjustability. It will be appreciated that
flowvanes adapted with magnetic poles, such as from permanent
magnets mounted therein, may be resistance controlled using sets of
magnetic windings on the housing that operate in a manner similar
to a motor/generator to modulate the resistance of the spinning
flowvane according to any desired profile.
[0367] Although the RPM power input unit is preferably configured
for use with ambient air, it may be utilized with any desired
non-ambient fluid. Optional fluid reservoir 46 is shown for use if
the unit is operated with these non-ambient fluids, such as water,
oil, or inert gasses. The RPM power unit preferably includes
electronic controls, although it may be configured fully manually.
A power supply 48 is utilized for operating the electronics and
some or all of the electrical power may be provided by a generator
to provide the necessary power output 50.
[0368] An optional electronic controller 52 may be incorporated
with the unit for providing additional feedback and controlling the
workout. The electronic controller is configured to adjust the flow
resistance provided by the input and output pressure regulators, or
equivalent, to and from the pistons according to the user selected
settings. A section of memory associated with the controller
provides for storing numerous operating parameters and information,
such as setup memory 54 which stores how different users want the
device configured for their workouts, and also for how the RPM
power unit is to be configured for each exercise and for each MGC
to which it may be coupled (as described earlier for attaching a
single RPM power unit to different input units 12). The memory may
also contain audio patterns 56 for augmenting the sounds of the
workout and providing feedback and encouragement.
[0369] For example, the audio sounds may be used to enhance the
piston power sounds, such as by adding the sounds of dragster
engines, peeling out and so forth to increase the entertainment
value while providing incentive for hard workouts. The sounds may
be generated on an audio transducer such as a speaker or
piezoelectric transducer, or they may be generated over an RF link
to a personal listening device such as a headset, earpiece, or
earbud configured with an RF link, or RFID link. Another aspect of
the invention utilizes phased speakers for directing one or more
beams of audio to ward the ears of the user while not bothering
others exercising nearby.
[0370] A section of memory preferably provides for timing and
logging 58 of various workout aspects, such as during a given
session and historically for a given individual on the strength
training program. A remote transmitter/receiver 60 may be coupled
to the controller unit to allow the RPM power unit to be controlled
by remote devices. One aspect of this is the incorporation of
workout controls within a remote controller on a muscle group
chassis 62, shown herein as a "throttle" to control workout power
input on the handle of a lat pull handle 64. It will be appreciated
that all aspects of the invention may be remotely controlled in a
similar manner. The control may be provided via wired or wireless
links.
[0371] A preferred method of providing remote control is by the
incorporation of RFID devices coupled to input sensors, such
switches for selecting up and down, that may be attached to the
muscle group chassis input units to aid in user control of the RPM
power unit. Using passive RFID technology can provide for remote
controls without the need of remote batteries. Remote RFID tags
providing inputs such as these are described in pending patent
application serial No. 60/346,753 filed Oct. 23, 2001 entitled
"Method And System Of Controlling Automotive Equipment Remotely",
which is included herein by reference. The remote control feature
may also be implemented by way of physiological monitoring devices,
such as a conventional heart monitor 66.
[0372] The user can then set the RPM power unit to modulate aspects
of the workout such as the resistance to maintain a given heart
rate, or may otherwise provide feedback to the user of the heart
rate. The heart rate monitor is preferably adapted to incorporate a
unique ID value 68 that is registered by the controller when the
heart rate monitor comes within range of the controller. The
inclusion of the unique ID allows the controller to determine what
person is working out each particular station, wherein the
controller can automatically set up the station according to the
preferences of the given user. The controller is preferably
provided with a user interface 70 allowing user control of the unit
and for outputting status information about the progress of the
workout. An audio output 72 is provided to annunciate aspects of
the workout, such as above or below the given target, background
sounds that provide encouragement for instance engine sounds, drag
racers, and so forth, and rhythm patterns provided for the user to
follow. The generation of rhythms may be user selected
individually, or as part of a selected workout program, and provide
an output to which the user is to synchronize their workout. The
rhythms may be generated as lights, audio, video, or combinations
thereof. As the controller is configured to measure the rotational
speed input unit, such as by measuring the output voltage and
polarity from the generator, it is able to detect how well the user
is matching the selected rhythm.
[0373] The rhythm feature can be used to provide additional
"points" to the user, or the power requirements for gaining a
particular "speed" may be lessened when synchronized with the
rhythm wherein the user is encouraged to follow the rhythm. The
controller can preferably vary the rhythm according to a
predetermined, user selected, or random pattern. Using widely
varying rhythms and power settings by the controller the user can
gain better muscle mastery and dexterity while enjoying a more
engaging and challenging workout. The user interface may optionally
include a video output 74 that may be used with the rhythm system,
such as by providing videos in which the user generates a given
rhythm according to the needs of the video, such as providing the
speed of a vehicle about the turns and such on a road coarse,
wherein too much speed causes it to spin out and too little may
cause it to hit the shoulder. Furthermore, the muscle group
chassis, or a separate control such as foot pedals for an upper
body MGC, may be configured to measure user input for controlling
additional aspects as shown in the video, for instance
steering.
[0374] User interface 70 is preferably provided with a setup
control 76 allowing the user to select one of numerous
predetermined, or programmed workout selections for the chosen MGC
(if multiple MGC are provided to a single RPM power unit). The
audio output of the user interface is controlled with volume 78,
and a jack for connection to headsets is preferably provided, or a
selector for generating RF for receipt by a remote personal
listening device. A shifter 80 is shown provided on the console for
controlling the range of the workout. This device may be
continuous, or have fixed levels. In a simple version it may simply
control the gear ratio within transmission 28, which in this case
would not require a manual shifter. The controller may also receive
the input from the shifter to control both the transmission and the
flow resistance to achieve a desired setting. To encourage the user
and provide information about their workout a set of displays are
preferably provided, such as in the form of an instrument cluster
upon which workout metrics are displayed.
[0375] By way of example and not of limitation an RPM gauge 82 is
displayed which indicates the input speed of the input unit 12,
such as registered by the output of a generator, or by registering
an input from sensors 94a, such as Hall-effect, or optical sensors
for registering the positions 94b on input unit 12. A speed gauge
84 indicates power input (RPM X Power Setting) which is determined
by the range, flow resistance at the given RPM, and the RPM. A
timer 86 may display elapsed time or it may be configured to
display any combination of time metrics for the given workout,
including elapsed time, time remaining, penalty time, and so forth.
A distance gauge 88 provides feedback on the amount of energy that
has been put into the RPM power meter, which essentially can be
thought of as the amount of workout that the user has received. The
distance gauge registers the value of the speed times time,
(RPM.times.Power Setting.times.Time). The user can set a workout
for being a certain amount of energy to be input, which in this
instance is represented as a distance covered.
[0376] The user may optionally select the directions that the MGC
is to be operated using a direction control 90 allowing the user to
select either up or down only, or both directions. It will be
appreciated that the directions supported depend on the particular
MGC utilized and the implementation of the system. It will be
recognized that the an MGC such as a lat pull may be operated to
provide working resistance when pulling down, lifting up, or in
both directions. The RPM power unit of the present invention is
preferably implemented to allow the user to set the direction and
amount of resistance provided by the unit. The user may select the
amount of resistance according to an up direction force selection
91a, and a down direction force selection 91b, that operate in
combination with the range setting 80 to determine the resistance
being applied to the selected MGC.
[0377] An optional network interface 92 is coupled to controller 52
allowing communication over a network 94 with user devices 96, such
as computers 98, PDAs and other internet enable appliances 100, and
telephones 102, for communicating workout statistics and
information. Furthermore, the user can download workout regimes,
rhythms, videos, and other control information for use with the RPM
power unit of the present invention. This allows the user to send
their workouts home for logging purposes, and an application is
preferably provided for remote operation or for viewing from a web
site, such as that of the manufacturer of the RPM power unit,
wherein the user can track their workout progress.
[0378] FIG. 20 depicts a mechanism for adding "notching" to a
conventional weight machine, such as on the pulley. A number of
ways are available to conveniently add notching to existing
systems, such as to the pulleys. Wherein the tension required
varies during the pull.
[0379] Pulley 202 for cable 204 connected through center 206. A
piston module 208 is connected with piston 210 and rod 212
connected to periphery of pulley 202 at axle 214. A pressure
control 216 is connected with an input 218 and output control
220.
[0380] A rotating piston "notching" pulley. A piston rod is
attached near the exterior of the pulley connected to a piston that
is slidably engaged within a cylinder having an external pivot
point that pivots at a stationary location (adjacent to the pulley
pivot). The piston-cylinder can provide fixed valves for letting
fluid in and out. The diagram is shown with two controllable
valves. Alternatively a single control may be utilized for
controlling both flow valves.
[0381] It will be appreciated that a single valve may be utilized
that connected between the top of the cylinder and the bottom to
control the amount of pressure required to overcome the movement. A
closed system facilitates the use of liquids, but unfortunately can
reduce the feel of the notching and reduce or eliminate the desired
sounds.
[0382] As the pulley rotates about a backside axis, the piston
moves about the front side of the pulley connected to a second
axis. The user can set the desired amount of notching by adjusting
the valve settings. Preferably the valves prevent flow until
sufficient pressure builds up on that side, whereupon the pressure
is exhausted. The intake pressure can be set to allow free flow of
air into the cylinder. Alternatively, the compression can allowed
to free flow with the intake air restricted, but not a very
"natural" arrangement.
[0383] FIG. 21 depicts a simple mechanical arrangement 230 for
providing notching. A pulley 232 for holding cable 234 about center
236. A control handle 238 is shown for regulating the distace of
the pulley 232 from structure 248. Aperture 244 is shown with
wheels 246 attached at axles 246.
[0384] Compliant wheels, such as silicon wheels, are attached to
the pulley which depending on the amount of standoff of the pulley
as set by the control, strike a structural element, shown as the
upright. The axle on the pulley may also provide additional
compliance, such as having a flex connection, or spring loaded
axles mounts. Extra compliance can provide for a larger range of
notching to be provided. The wheels compress, or move, when they
strike the structure, wherein the operating force increases. A
notching pulley may be configured from any convenient mechanical
means without departing from the teachings of the present
invention.
[0385] A magnetic notching element may be constructed (not shown)
wherein the magnetic attraction (and/or repulsion) between portions
of the pulley and other element is utilized for creating a simple
notching effect. For example, with magnets coupled into the
interior of the pulley (e.g. replacing the wheels in FIG. 21 with
magnets) which are brought proximal to a large ferrometallic
portions of the weight machine, such as steel structure, the effect
is changes to the force as the pulley moves. The addition of
alternating N and S magnets in relation to magnets mounted on the
structure, (or other location) can provide increased notching at a
slightly higher cost. The magnets may be made removable or the
pulley configured with variable positioning to change the
attraction of the magnets to the structure.
[0386] FIG. 22 depicts the addition of a speed "release" brake 300
to a cable operated strength training machine. Pulley 302 with
interior gear teeth is shown for retaining cable 304 about pivot
306. A centrifugal type of brake unit 308 is shown with pivot 310,
core 312, brake pads 314, sliders 316, weights 318, and springs
320. Under acceleration the weights over come the spring tension to
engage the brakes.
[0387] If the device slips from the hands of the user the brake
engages to stop or slow the decent of the weights to prevent
injury, damage, and noise. In addition, the unit may be set to
restrict the maximum speed at which the weights are moved. It will
be appreciated that ballistic weight pumping is not very effective,
but certain unsophisticated persons like the appearance of it. The
device therefore can increase the load placed on the cable when
ballistic weight pumping is attempted.
[0388] A centrifugal brake is coupled to one of the cable pulleys,
wherein upon the brake engages in response to the speed of motion.
To increase the rapidity of action of the device it is preferably
that it is geared up from the pulley motion. It will be appreciated
that the pulleys are often large and the rotational velocity to
drive a centrifugal brake limited. Therefore, by gearing up a
coupling the activation of the device can be simplified. It may be
possible in some instances to utilize conventional centrifugal
clutch mechanisms for use in engaging engines as they reach
sufficient RPM setting, however, in this case they are utilized to
provide a braking action.
[0389] The centrifugal clutch shown rotates about 50.times. the
pulley by virtue of its small pinion gear engaging the large gear
track. The brakes within the unit are biased toward center wherein
centrifugal force drives the brakes out toward the interior of the
housing to induce drag. The brake shown uses four pads coupled to
sliding rods which terminate at weights within a rotating inner
housing. A biasing means is provided to bias the weights toward the
center, which is depicted as springs acting to push the weight
toward the center. An optional housing is shown to cover the whole
pulley so that the gear teeth are not exposed.
[0390] The centrifugal clutch mechanism may also be coupled to the
pulley using a compliant wheel without the need of gearing, such as
a rubber that contacts an inner track, however, the braking force
is then limited to the traction between the clutch and pulley
wheel. Furthermore, once traction is broken the speed is generally
unrestrained as the dynamic friction (wheel sliding) is less than
when it stays coupled to the pulley. An alternative is to provide a
wavy pattern gear engagement wherein no sharp end gear teeth are
exposed, yet the coupling force is retained; this may also provide
for smoother operation.
[0391] Although a specific centrifugal sensing mechanism is
described above, it should be appreciated that the present
invention may be practiced using any form of velocity sensor
coupled to a braking device.
[0392] Embodiments of the piston device of FIG. 19 may also be
structured in a manner like a radial engine, or a gnome engine
(rotating radial), such as from one to four cylinder. A "+" sign
shaped configuration is easy to mount, and may provide about the
right about of "notching" as described in the patent.
[0393] The use of a gnome configuration, has some advantages as to
cooling (since spinning) while paddles on the exterior can provide
some additional drag (these may be extendable). Unfortunately
controlling the valve operation can be more difficult, in
particular if remote electronic or mechanical control is
desired.
[0394] Materials are preferably selected such that as the piston
mechanism heats up the compression actually decreases, therein
reducing the risk of damage to the unit. Therefore, the cylinder
should expand in diameter more rapidly than the piston. Unlike a
combustion engine this device preferably operates near room
temperature to reduce material requirements and safety risks.
[0395] FIG. 23 depicts a four cylinder radial design 350 with
plumbing to route the inlet and output pressures to a power
control, shown with separate controls for inlet and outlet
pressure, although these are coupled to a single control. Crank 352
is shown engaging rods 354 attached to pistons 356 within cylinders
358 attached to a housing 360. The valves 362 on each cylinder are
one way (inlet 364 and outlet 366) wherein the separate inlet and
outlet plumbing may be provided to a central controller. It will be
appreciated that either the inlet or outlet valve may be configured
to intake or exhaust without being plumbed to the pressure
regulator, wherein the opposing intake or outlet becomes the
controlling element for controlling the amount of force required to
move the input of the weight machine. A power control 368 is shown
that may be mechanical or electromechanical. Controls are shown for
outlet pressure 370 and inlet pressure 372. The pressure lines to
the power controller are shown 374, 376.
[0396] Although the description above contains many specificities,
these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the
presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Thus the scope
of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and
their legal equivalents. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the
scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments
which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the
scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by
nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an
element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one"
unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more." All
structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of
the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of
ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by
reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims.
Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address
each and every problem sought to be solved by the present
invention, for it to be encompassed by the present claims.
Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present
disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of
whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly
recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed
under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the
element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for."
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