U.S. patent application number 10/368305 was filed with the patent office on 2003-11-13 for method and apparatus for transmitting and downloading setup information.
This patent application is currently assigned to Index Systems, Inc.. Invention is credited to Chang, Allen, Kwoh, Daniel S., Yuen, Henry C..
Application Number | 20030213001 10/368305 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 29408127 |
Filed Date | 2003-11-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030213001 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yuen, Henry C. ; et
al. |
November 13, 2003 |
Method and apparatus for transmitting and downloading setup
information
Abstract
Multiple channel maps are embedded in a television transmission
and the appropriate channel corresponding to the particular
television service used by the viewer is downloaded for use with
the television receiver. Each channel map is accompanied by a
channel map identifier which identifies the source of the
television transmission and a geographic identifier. The source of
a television transmission is automatically detected by monitoring
the radio-frequency spectrum allocations of telecast stations. The
geographic area identifier is determined by comparison with a user
inputted geographic area identifier. The channel map having a
channel map identifier corresponding to the detected television
transmission source and the user inputted geographic area
identifier is downloaded and stored for future use.
Inventors: |
Yuen, Henry C.; (Pasadena,
CA) ; Kwoh, Daniel S.; (La Canada, CA) ;
Chang, Allen; (Tustin, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CHRISTIE, PARKER & HALE, LLP
350 WEST COLORADO BOULEVARD
SUITE 500
PASADENA
CA
91105
US
|
Assignee: |
Index Systems, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
29408127 |
Appl. No.: |
10/368305 |
Filed: |
February 18, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10368305 |
Feb 18, 2003 |
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08694867 |
Aug 9, 1996 |
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6583825 |
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10368305 |
Feb 18, 2003 |
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08335248 |
Nov 7, 1994 |
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10368305 |
Feb 18, 2003 |
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08615567 |
Mar 12, 1996 |
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08615567 |
Mar 12, 1996 |
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08401008 |
Mar 8, 1995 |
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60010023 |
Jan 11, 1996 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
725/136 ;
348/460; 348/461; 348/468; 348/723; 348/731; 348/E5.097;
348/E5.104; 348/E5.105; 348/E5.112; 348/E7.031; 348/E7.034;
348/E7.036; 348/E7.056; 348/E7.063; 725/38; 725/61 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N 7/165 20130101;
H04N 5/4401 20130101; H04N 21/426 20130101; H04N 21/42204 20130101;
H04N 21/482 20130101; H04N 21/4383 20130101; H04N 21/47 20130101;
H04N 5/50 20130101; H04N 7/0884 20130101; H04N 21/6547 20130101;
H04N 7/10 20130101; H04N 21/4622 20130101; H04N 5/45 20130101; H04N
21/84 20130101; H04N 7/088 20130101; H04N 21/4316 20130101; H04N
21/4345 20130101; H04N 7/0887 20130101; H04N 21/435 20130101; H04N
21/4524 20130101; H04N 21/4823 20130101; H04N 5/44543 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
725/136 ;
348/731; 348/723; 725/38; 725/61; 348/468; 348/460; 348/461 |
International
Class: |
G06F 003/00; H04N
005/445; G06F 013/00; H04N 007/16; H04N 007/00; H04N 011/00; H04N
005/38; H04N 005/50 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for detecting the source of a television
transmission, said television transmission including a plurality of
television stations, each television station being allocated to a
different channel of a radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission, the apparatus, comprising: a tuner for passing a
selected channel of the television transmission, said tuner having
a control input for selecting the channel; a detector for detecting
whether one of the television stations has been allocated to the
selected channel and generating an output representative of said
detection; and a microcontroller having an output coupled to the
control input of the tuner for commanding the tuner to select at
least one of said channels, said microcontroller including means
for determining the source of the television signal based on the
detector output for each of the channels selected.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each television station
transmits a video signal including a sync pulse, and wherein said
detector detects whether one of the television stations has been
allocated to the selected channel based on the stability of the
sync pulse.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising a sync pulse for
extracting the sync pulse from the video signal, and wherein said
detector detects whether one of the television stations has been
allocated to the selected channel based on the stability of the
extracted sync pulse.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said detector comprises a
one-shot responsive to the extracted sync pulse.
5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the sync pulse is a horizontal
sync pulse.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the microcontroller output is a
function of the detector output.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the television transmission is
an over-the-air broadcast or a cable signal.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the microcontroller output
commands the tuner to select an initial channel, and wherein said
determining means identifies the television transmission as either
the cable signal or the over-the-air broadcast based on whether one
of the television stations has been allocated to the initial
channel.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said determining means
identifies the television transmission as the cable signal if one
of the television stations has been allocated to the initial
channel, and identifies the television transmission as the
over-the-air broadcast if one of the television stations has not
been allocated to the initial channel.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the microcontroller output
commands the tuner to scan a portion of the radio-frequency
spectrum of the television transmission in response to an
identification by the determining means that the television
transmission is the cable signal.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the cable signal is a cable
ready signal or a cable box signal.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the microcontroller includes
means for accumulating the number of the television stations
detected by the detector as the tuner is scanned through said
portion of the radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission, and wherein said determining means identifies the
cable signal as either the cable ready signal or the cable box
signal based on the number of television stations accumulated.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the determining means
identifies the cable signal as the cable ready signal if the number
of television stations accumulated exceed six, and identifies the
cable signal as the cable box signal if the number of television
stations accumulated does not exceed six.
14. An apparatus for detecting the source of a television
transmission, said television transmission including a plurality of
television stations, each television station being allocated to a
different channel of a radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission, the apparatus comprising a microcontroller for
sampling a portion of the radio-frequency spectrum, and determining
the source of the television transmission based on the television
station allocations in said portion of the radio-frequency
spectrum.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the television transmission
is an over-the-air broadcast or a cable signal.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the microcontroller selects
an initial channel of said portion of the radio-frequency spectrum
and determines that the television transmission is either the cable
signal or the over-the-air broadcast based on whether one of the
television stations has been allocated to the initial channel.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the microcontroller
determines that the television transmission is the cable signal if
one of the television stations has been allocated to the initial
channel, and determines that the television transmission is the
over-the-air broadcast if one of the television stations has not
been allocated to the initial channel.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the microcontroller scans the
portion of the radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission in response to a determination by the microcontroller
that the television transmission is the cable signal.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the cable signal is a cable
ready signal or a cable box signal.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the microcontroller
accumulates the number of the television stations allocated to said
portion of the radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission, and determines whether the cable signal is either the
cable ready signal or the cable box signal based on the number of
television stations accumulated.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the microcontroller
determines that the cable signal is the cable ready signal if the
number of television stations accumulated exceed six, and
determines that the cable signal is the cable box signal if the
number of television stations accumulated does not exceed six.
22. A method for determining the source of a television
transmission, said television transmission including a plurality of
television stations, each television station being allocated to a
different channel of a radio-frequency spectrum of the television
transmission, comprising the steps of: tuning an initial channel of
the television transmission; and determining whether the television
transmission is an over-the-air broadcast or a cable signal based
on whether one of the television stations has been allocated to the
initial channel.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the determining step comprises
the step of determining that the television transmission is the
cable signal if one of the television stations has been allocated
to the initial channel, and determining that the television
transmission is the over-the-air broadcast if one of the television
stations has not been allocated to the initial channel.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of scanning
a portion of the radio-frequency spectrum in response to a
determination that the television transmission is the cable signal,
and detecting whether one of the television stations is allocated
to each of the channels scanned in said portion of the
radio-frequency spectrum.
25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of
accumulating the number of the television stations detected in said
portion of the radio-frequency spectrum scanned.
26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of deciding
whether the television transmission is a cable ready signal or a
cable box signal based on the number of the television stations
accumulated.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the deciding step transmission
is the cable ready signal when the number of television stations
accumulated exceed six, and deciding that the television
transmission is the cable box signal when the number of television
stations accumulated does not exceed six.
28. An apparatus for generating a channel map from data embedded in
a television transmission, said television transmission comprising
a plurality of channels and wherein said data is transmitted on at
least one of said channels, said data corresponding to a plurality
of channel maps and each channel map having a channel map
identifier associated therewith, comprising: a tuner for outputting
a selected channel of the television transmission, said tuner
having a control input for selecting the channel; and a
microcontroller having an output coupled to the control input of
the tuner for commanding the tuner to scan at least one of the
selected channels and lock on a channel having said data, said
microcontroller including means for determining a channel map
identifier based on a geographic location of the apparatus, and
means for extracting from said locked channel a channel map
corresponding to the determined channel map identifier.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the data is transmitted in a
VBI of the television transmission, and further comprising a VBI
decoder for extracting the data in the VBI from the channel
outputted by the tuner, and coupling the data to said
microcontroller.
30. The apparatus of claim 28 further comprising a remote control
unit for entering the geographic location of the apparatus into
said microcontroller.
31. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein each of the channel maps in
the television transmission comprises a map of each of the
television channels with a corresponding reference channel.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the data further comprises a
source map of each of the reference channels with a corresponding
television station, each source map have a host identifier
associated therewith, the host identifier corresponding to a second
geographic area of said apparatus, and wherein the determining
means of said microcontroller further determines a host identifier
based on the second geographic location of the apparatus, and
wherein the extracting means further extracts a source map
corresponding to the determined host identifier.
33. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein said microcontroller further
comprises means for merging the source map with the channel map so
that each of the television stations corresponds a television
channel.
34. A method for creating a channel map for a television receiver
comprising the steps of: broadcasting a television transmission
comprising a plurality of channels, said television transmission
having data comprising a plurality of channel maps, each channel
map having a channel map identifier associated therewith;
determining a channel map identifier applicable to the television
receiver based on a geographic area in which the television
receiver is located; and extracting a channel map associated with
the determined channel map identifier.
35. The method of claim 34 wherein the determining step further
comprises the step of entering into the television receiver the
geographic area corresponding to the geographic area in which the
television receiver is located.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the extracting step further
comprises the step of scanning the channels of the television
transmission to locate the channel map identifier corresponding to
the geographic area entered into the television receiver.
37. The method of claim 36 wherein said broadcasting step further
comprises broadcasting the channel maps wherein each of the channel
map comprises mapping between the television channel and a
corresponding reference channel.
38. The method of claim 37 wherein said broadcasting step further
comprises broadcasting a plurality of source maps, each source map
comprising a map of each of the television stations to the
corresponding reference channel, and having a host identifier
associated therewith, each host identifier corresponding to a
second geographic area.
39. The method of claim 38 further comprising the step of
determining the host identifier applicable to the television
receiver based on the second geographic area, and extracting a
source map associated with the determined host identifier.
40. The method of claim 39 further comprising the step of merging
the extracted source map with the extracted channel map so that
each of the television stations corresponds a television
channel.
41. The method of claim 34 wherein the broadcasting step further
comprises broadcasting a standard time, and further comprising the
step of adjusting the standard time to one of a plurality of time
zones.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES
[0001] The present application is a continuation of patent
application Ser. No. 08/694,867, filed on Aug. 9, 1996, pending,
which is a continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No.
08/335,248, filed Nov. 7, 1994, entitled "A Remote Controller for
Setting Clocks in Appliances", now abandoned; and a
continuation-in-part of patent application Ser. No. 08/615,567,
filed Mar. 11, 1996, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Controlling
a Television Tuner", now abandoned, which is a continuation of
patent application Ser. No. 08/401,008, filed Mar. 8, 1995, now
abandoned. The present application also claims priority of
Provisional application serial No. 60/010,023, filed Jan. 16, 1996,
entitled "Method and Apparatus for Detecting Type of Telecast
Signal"; and Provisional application serial No. 60/017,703 filed
May 23, 1996, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Detecting Type of
Telecast Signal." All of the above-identified applications being
incorporated herein by reference as though set forth in full.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to transmission and reception
of data embedded in a television signal, and more particularly, to
an automated method and apparatus for transmitting multiple channel
maps in a television signal and downloading the channel map
corresponding to the particular television service used by the
viewer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In the field of television broadcasting, radio-frequency
("RF") spectrum allocations are used to define the manner in which
the RF spectrum is to be occupied by the television transmission.
By way of example, in the United States, television transmissions
are divided into two frequency ranges referred to as
very-high-frequency (VHF) and ultra-high-frequency (UHF) regions.
The VHF region lies roughly in the frequency range of 40 MHz to 200
MHz, while the UHF region extends from about 470 MHz to almost 1.0
GHz. The precise channel and bandwidth assignments include 68
channels, each occupying 6 MHz.
[0004] Each television broadcast station ("television station")
occupies one channel on the RF spectrum. These channel allocations,
however, vary depending upon the particular television service,
i.e., satellite transmission, cable service, and over-the-air
broadcasts, used by the viewer and the specific geographic area of
service. Moreover, each cable service will generally have its own
allocations of channels. The table that relates these television
stations to their respective channel allocations for any particular
television service is sometimes referred to as a channel map. FIG.
1 illustrates examples of three different channel maps for an
over-the-air ("OTA") broadcast, and two cable companies, Cable Co.
A and Cable Co. B.
[0005] With conventional television technology, a printed program
guide having the appropriate channel map must be consulted to
determine the channel to which the tuner must be set to receive a
particular television station. To facilitate this process for the
viewer, commercial remote controllers are available equipped with
memory for storing the channel map applicable to the particular
television service for a given geographic area. The viewer must
first set up the remote controller by keying in the entire channel
map from the printed program guide manually. Then, when the viewer
keys in a particular television station, the controller accesses
the channel mapping memory, converts the television station to the
applicable channel, and sets the tuner accordingly.
[0006] Recently with the advent of systems to set a video cassette
recorder (VCR) for unattended recording by means of code numbers,
such as used in a commercial system called VCR PLUS+.TM. or with an
onscreen cursor to select programs from a list displayed on the
television screen, channel mapping has become a necessity. In these
systems, the appropriate channel map must be stored in memory so
that when the viewer designates a name of a television station by
code number or cursor, the corresponding channel is retrieved from
the memory and used to automatically set the tuner.
[0007] While these channel mapping features have proven to be a
convenient way for programming a VCR, the viewer must still
manually enter on the remote controller the entire channel map for
the particular television service used by the viewer and the
geographic location served. This process increases the complexity
of programming the VCR and discourages the use of the unattended
recording feature by the viewer.
[0008] There have been attempts to automate the process of loading
the applicable map into memory. U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,714 to Christis
discloses the transmission of a channel map from a television
transmitter station as a teletext page. The teletext page is
downloaded to a channel mapping memory at the television receivers
served by that transmitter. This arrangement requires that each and
every cable, satellite, or broadcast service transmit its own
channel map which occupies a significant portion of the
transmission bandwidth.
[0009] Accordingly, there is a current need for a method and
apparatus that can reduce the volume of data required to implement
the channel mapping function. It is desirable that this method and
apparatus be automated, requiring minimal user interface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method
that satisfies this need. There is, therefore provided, according
to a preferred embodiment, an apparatus and method for generating a
channel map from data embedded in a television transmission. The
data is transmitted on at least one channel of the television
transmission and includes a plurality of channel maps, each channel
map having a channel map identifier associated therewith.
[0011] Initially, the source of the television transmission is
automatically detected by monitoring a portion of the
radio-frequency spectrum allocations of the television stations. A
front end tuner is provided for passing a selected channel of the
television transmission. A detector, coupled to the tuner output,
detects whether a television station has been allocated to each of
the channels selected by, preferably, monitoring the stability of
the horizontal sync pulses. A controller is coupled to the tuner
for selecting the channels to be passed, and determining the source
of the television transmission based on the detected television
station allocations.
[0012] Once the television source is detected, the appropriate
channel map can be extracted from the television transmission based
on the geographic location of the viewer. The microcontroller
commands the tuner to scan the channels and lock on a channel
having the data. The microcontroller includes determines the
channel map identifier based on a geographic location of the
apparatus, and extracts the channel map corresponding to the
determined channel map identifier.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the
present invention will become better understood with regard to the
following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings
where:
[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram representative of three channel maps in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0015] FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a network
distribution system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a television station
transmitter equipped with data insertion equipment for transmitting
channel mapping information in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a Channel Map Decoder
at the point of reception of the television transmission in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0018] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the data format in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0019] FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a cable distribution
network in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0020] FIG. 7 is diagram illustrating several data blocks in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0021] FIG. 8 is a diagram representative of a source map data
packet, an intermediate channel map packet, and a final merged
channel map in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
[0022] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the creation of the final
merged channel map from the data packets of FIG. 8 in accordance
with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] FIG. 10 is a diagram representative of a network
distribution system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
[0024] FIG. 11 is a table representative of a host schedule packet
in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0025] FIG. 12 is a diagram representative of a network
distribution system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
[0026] FIG. 13 is a table representative of a channel map selection
packet in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0027] FIG. 14 is a diagram representative of a host schedule
packet with current GCH bits in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] FIG. 15 is a table representative of a host assignment
packet with Multi-OTA bits in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 16 is an electrical schematic block diagram of the
Channel Map Decoder in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
[0030] FIG. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating the execution of the
channel map downloading program in the Channel Map Decoder in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
[0031] FIG. 18 is a flow diagram illustrating the portion of the
channel mapping downloading program pertaining to the determination
of the source of the television transmission in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
[0032] FIGS. 19A, 19B and 19C are flow diagrams illustrating a
portion of the channel map downloading program pertaining to the
processing of data packets in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention,
channel mapping information is transmitted over one or more
designated television stations known as "physical hosts." The
channel mapping information transmitted by each physical host
includes the channel maps for most or all of the television
services carrying that physical host. Accompanying each channel map
is a channel map identifier which uniquely identifies the channel
map applicable to each television service. The channel map
identifiers are preferably postal directory codes ("zipcodes")
because viewers in the same local geographic area generally receive
the same OTA broadcast or subscribe to the same cable service.
Moreover, if several different zipcode areas share the same channel
map, further improvement in bandwidth performance can be achieved
by forming a zipcode group and sending a single common channel map
to that grouped area. Alternatively, the channel map identifiers
could be unique codes assigned to the various cable, satellite and
broadcast services.
[0034] In theory, a single physical host, such as a national cable
station, could provide channel mapping information to the entire
country. As a practical matter, however, the use of a single
physical host to service the entire nation is not very feasible due
mainly to data bandwidth limitations. This is because there are so
many different cable services throughout the United States, each
having a unique channel map, that the volume of data would be so
great that a single physical host could not manage all this data
while still maintaining a reasonable data repetition rate.
Accordingly, a broadcast network distribution system must be
established using several physical hosts to deliver channel mapping
information across the nation. Preferably, at least one "local
physical host" is set up to serve each major metropolitan area. A
single "national physical host" may be used to service the
remainder of the country including smaller and remote cities.
[0035] FIG. 2 shows a typical broadcast network distribution system
utilizing both local and national physical hosts. In this
embodiment, the national physical host is a national cable station
10, such as WGN, which serves the smaller and rural cities
throughout the nation. The major metropolitan areas such as Los
Angeles 11, New York 12, Chicago 13, Detroit 14, and Atlanta 16 are
served by local physical hosts. For example, in the Los Angeles
area a local physical host 18, such as KABC, serves the entire
metropolitan area. In this example, both the national cable service
and local physical host are coupled to the appropriate cable
services 20a-c and combined with television signals from a number
of other television stations 22a-c. Each cable service 20a-c has
its own channel allocations, and as a result, each cable service
has its own channel map. The combined television signals occupying
the RF spectrum for each cable service 20a-c are coupled to the
appropriate cable trunk 24a-c for distribution to the individual
subscribers.
[0036] In addition to the above described cable distribution
network for the Los Angeles area, the local physical host KABC 18,
along with one or more local television stations, provide OTA
broadcasts, each broadcasting at a different carrier frequency.
Consequently, a separate channel map for OTA broadcasts should be
included in the channel mapping information of the local physical
host.
[0037] A typical physical host, whether it being a national or
local host, is shown in FIG. 3. The physical host is similar to
that of any conventional television station facility having a base
band video signal from a video processor 30 modulated onto a
subcarrier by an RF modulator 32 and coupled to an antenna (not
shown) or cable trunk (not shown) through an RF amplifier 33 and a
solid-state driver 34. However, unlike conventional television
station facilities, the physical host is equipped with data
insertion equipment 28 for embedding channel map information into
the base band video signal. Preferably, the channel map information
is inserted on selected empty lines of the vertical blanking
interval ("VBI") of a standard television signal at the video
processor 30 to promote commercialization. It is also desirable to
transmit the channel mapping information in the same format as
closed caption data, and confine the channel mapping information to
one VBI line from 10-20, either single field or both fields. Under
mandatory FCC requirements effective July 1993, color televisions
having a size 13" and greater must provide a closed caption
decoder. Thus, this arrangement lowers the overall implementation
cost by reducing the peripheral hardware requirements at the
receiving end of the transmission since the existing closed caption
decoder can be used. Alternatively, the data format may be
accelerated to twice the bit rate or more to accommodate bandwidth
limitations. Moreover, the channel mapping information may be
inserted on multiple VBI lines from 10 to 20.
[0038] Caption data decoding is known in the art and described in
the following specifications, which are hereby incorporated by
reference herein: Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 15 as
amended by GEN. Docket No. 91-1; FCC 91-119; "CLOSED CAPTION
DECODER REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TELEVISION RECEIVERS"; Title 47,
C.F.R., Part 73.682 (a) (22), Caption Transmission format; Title
47, C.F.R. Part 73.699, FIG. 6; "TELEVISION SYNCHRONIZING WAVE
FORM"; Title 47, C.F.R., Part 73.699, FIG. 17a; "LINE 21, FIELD 1
DATA SIGNAL FORMAT"; and PBS Engineering Report No. E-7709-C,
"TELEVISION CAPTIONING FOR THE DEAF: SIGNAL AND DISPLAY
SPECIFICATIONS".
[0039] To successfully download the appropriate channel map, a
Channel Map Decoder is required at the point of reception. FIG. 4
shows an electrical block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the
Channel Map Decoder integrated into a conventional television
receiver. Alternatively, the Channel Map Decoder may be integrated
into a VCR or housed in a stand alone unit. A UHF/VHF tuner 38 is
positioned at the front end of the Channel Map Decoder for passing
a selected channel of the television transmission. The tuner 38,
which can be any conventional tuner in the art, should provide
amplification, downconversion and demodulation, as well as
frequency tuning. The tuner 36 is coupled by an intermediate
frequency ("IF") amplifier 38 to a video detector 40. A base band
video signal at the output of the video detector 40 is coupled to a
television monitor 42 for presentation to the viewer. The tuner 36
is set by a signal from a microcontroller 44 to the desired channel
number. A remote controller 46 is coupled to the microcontroller
44, typically by an infrared communication link, to provide viewer
control of the television channels.
[0040] The channel mapping function is controlled by a program
executed by the microcontroller 44. Initially, the microcontroller
44 controls the tuner 36 to scan the RF spectrum in search of
channel mapping information in the VBI portion of the television
signal. A VBI decoder 48 positioned at the output of the tuner
extracts any data detected in the VBI and couples that data to the
microcontroller 44 for processing. Since the channel mapping
information can be present on any VBI line, the microcontroller 44
must be capable of programming the VBI to search through all VBI
lines. This provides greater versatility and improves bandwidth
performance. The complexity of the Channel Map Decoder circuitry
can be reduced, however, by limiting the transmission of channel
mapping information to a designated VBI line in either one or both
fields. Any data extracted by the VBI decoder 48 is processed to
determine whether it conforms to a designated format, and if so,
whether any channel map information has a channel map identifier
corresponding to the television service subscribed to by the
viewer. If a channel map identifier is recognized by the
microcontroller 44, the accompanying channel map is downloaded into
memory 50.
[0041] The format of the channel mapping information generated by
the physical host comprises VBI encoded "data packets," with each
data packet being divided into one or more "data blocks." Each data
block is encapsulated with synchronization code, error detection
code, and address code by means well known in the art. In some
cases it may be preferable to encrypt or scramble the data packets.
In the described embodiment thus far, each channel map would be
packaged as a data block and all the data blocks transmitted as a
single channel map packet. An exemplary data block for a channel
map packet is shown in FIG. 5. The data block is arranged into a
serial format of data bytes representative of a start code 52, a
packet type 54, the number of blocks in the data packet 56, the
block number 58, a channel map identifier 60, a channel map 62, a
checksum 64 and a stop code 66.
[0042] As mentioned above, preferably, each channel map identifier
corresponds to a zipcode or group of zipcodes. For example, as
shown in FIG. 6, viewers located in the zipcodes 90000-90500 (75)
and 90300 (76) are served by Cable Co. A 74 and viewers located in
the 90210 zipcode 78 are served by Cable Co. B 77. Accordingly, the
entire geographic area can be accommodated with just two channel
maps, each channel map being accompanied by a unique channel map
identifier. To determine the appropriate channel map identifier, a
"channel map selection" packet correlating the channel map
identifiers to the zip codes is sent from the physical host. The
channel map selection packet is used to identify the appropriate
channel map identifier in response to a viewer inputted
zipcode.
[0043] Turning to FIG. 7, an exemplary broadcast for the two types
of data packets described thus far is shown. In this example, a
channel map selection packet 94 having one data block 96, and a
channel map data packet 98 having three channel map blocks 100,
102, 104 are shown. The three channel map blocks include a channel
map block for Cable Co. A, Cable Co. B 102, and an OTA broadcast
104. To illustrate the process implemented by the Channel Map
Decoder, consider a viewer located in the geographic area having a
zipcode 90300 who subscribes to a cable service. In this example,
the Channel Map Decoder scans through the channels to locate the
channel map selection packet 94 transmitted in the VBI portion of
the television signal. This is accomplished by setting the tuner to
a fixed frequency with the microcontroller and extracting the data
transmitted in the VBI portion with the VBI decoder 48. The
microcontroller then searches for the appropriate start code
(07).sub.HEX, stop code (FF).sub.HEX and the packet type
(01).sub.HEX. In this example, (01).sub.HEX represents a channel
map selection packet and (02).sub.HEX represents a channel map
packet. If the Channel Map Decoder fails to detect the proper start
code, stop code and data packet type, the tuner will be scanned to
a new fixed frequency. In the event that the Channel Map Decoder
successfully detects a channel map selection packet, then the
checksum, in this case (2A).sub.HEX, will be verified to determine
whether a transmission error has occurred. Assuming a valid channel
map selection packet is detected, the Channel Map Decoder will
search the channel map selection packet 106 for the channel map
identifier corresponding to the zipcode 90300. In this case, the
Channel Map Decoder will identify and record (2712).sub.HEX.
[0044] Once the channel map identifier is determined, the Channel
Map Decoder searches the remaining blocks of data for the proper
start code, stop code, and data packet codes for channel map
packets. The proper date packet code for channel maps is
(02).sub.HEX. In this case three data packets qualify, one for
Cable Co. A 100, one for Cable Co. B 102, and one for the OTA
broadcast 104. Note that since each data block includes information
pertaining to the number of blocks in the data packet 107, the
channel map controller can readily ascertain when all the channel
map blocks within the data packet have been identified. Once all
the channel map blocks have been identified, the microcontroller
will locate the data block having the appropriate channel map
identifier, in this example (2712).sub.HEX, and assuming a valid
checksum, download the entire channel map 108 into memory.
[0045] As discussed above, the channel map 108 relates the
television station call letters to their respective channel
allocations. These television station call letters typically
comprise four letters, each requiring two bytes of data, and
therefore occupy a significant portion of the bandwidth. Moreover,
these television station call letters are repeatedly transmitted in
each channel map block resulting in unnecessary data redundancy.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to reduce the volume of data
transmitted by the physical host by eliminating the transmission of
the television station call letters. This can be achieved by
transmitting a third data packet from the physical host known as a
"source map" packet. The source map packet contains information
relating the call letters of each television station to a reference
number, hereinafter referred to as a guide channel ("GCH").
Consequently, the television station call letters would no longer
be required to be transmitted with each channel map. Rather, the
channel map could be transmitted with GCH numbers correlating to
the channel allocations and merged with the source map at the
Channel Map Decoded. An example of a source map 110, a channel map
112 for Cable Co. B, and a final merged channel map 114 is shown in
FIG. 8. Note that the final merged channel map in FIG. 8 is
identical to the channel map for Cable Co. B in FIG. 1.
[0046] An attractive feature of this approach is that the
transmission of the GCH numbers from the physical host can be
entirely eliminated. This can be achieved by programming the
Channel Map Decoder to record the television station call letters
of the source map and the television channel allocations of the
channel map in sequential GCH number order. In other words, with
respect to the source map, the television station call letters
corresponding to GCH 1 is always transmitted first in the serial
data stream, followed by the television station call letters
corresponding to GCH 2, and so on. Similarly, with respect to the
channel map, the television channel allocation corresponding to GCH
1 is transmitted first followed by the television channel
allocation for GCH 2. With this approach, the channel map can be
easily constructed by simply recording in order the television
station call letters from the source map packet in one row 116 and
recording in order the television channel allocations from the
channel map packet in an adjacent row 118 as shown in FIG. 9.
[0047] The use of a source map packet clearly provides improved
bandwidth performance of the network distribution system. However,
as a practical matter, a single source map cannot be used to
service the entire nation, even if the source map packet were
transmitted to nationwide viewers through multiple physical hosts.
This limitation becomes apparent when one considers the sheer
number of television stations operating throughout the country.
Moreover, since any given geographic area only transmits a fraction
of those television stations, one source map packet would be an
incredibly inefficient way to implement the described embodiment.
Accordingly, a separate source map packet must be generated for
each geographic area. Accompanying each source map is an address
tag ("host identifier" or "HOSTID") which uniquely identifies each
source map. Preferably, the HOSTID corresponds to a geographic
area, such as a zipcode or group of zipcodes. To this end, a fourth
data packet known as a "host assignment" packet is generated and
transmitted by physical host. The host assignment packet serves to
identify the appropriate source map for a given geographical area
in a similar manner described above with reference to the channel
map identifier. However, the grouping profile of source map packet
generally differs from that of the channel map packet. This is
because a fairly large geographic region, or even a whole city, can
be covered by a single source map. In contrast, the geographic
region applicable to any one channel map is limited by the
territorial coverage of its respective television service.
Accordingly, a single geographic region covered by a HOSTID may
include several different channel maps. By way of example, the
geographic areas defined by the zipcodes 90000-90100, 90210, and
90300-90400 may be served by a single source map having a HOSTID.
Within these zipcode regions, however, Cable Co. A may serve the
90210 zipcode and Cable Co. C may serve the 90300 zipcode. Each
cable company would have its own channel map with a unique channel
map identifier, however, the entire region could be covered under
the same HOSTID.
[0048] OTA broadcasters, on the other hand, generally serve a much
wider geographic region. Typically, a single OTA broadcaster will
serve the entire geographic region defined by the HOSTID.
Accordingly, Channel Map Decoders operating in OTA broadcast
systems can be programmed to calculate the channel map identifier
directly from the HOSTID and thereby eliminate the need to locate
and process the channel map selection packet. This increases the
overall speed of the system.
[0049] The system distribution network described thus far is well
suited to provide coverage for the majority of the nation. However,
in more densely populated metropolitan areas, such as New York and
Los Angeles, where the number of different zipcodes is extremely
high, the bandwidth limitations may adversely impact the data
repetition rate at which the source map packets and channel map
packets can be transmitted. Accordingly, in these densely populated
areas, the concept of a "logical host" is introduced to minimize
the impact of the bandwidth limitations and reduce the potential
for data redundancy. The logical host is an abstract or conceptual
host responsible for serving channel map information to a
particular group of viewers identified by the same HOSTID. In these
densely populated areas, it is desirable to divide the city area
into multiple groups, each served by a different logical host. The
logical hosts could then be allotted between two or more physical
hosts thereby reducing the volume of data that would otherwise be
required if a single physical host were used. Conversely, a single
national physical host can carry multiple logical hosts to numerous
rural or sparsely populated areas thereby reducing the number of
physical hosts required to serve the United States.
[0050] The logical host concept is best understood with reference
to FIG. 10. In this example, there are two OTA broadcast stations
employed as physical hosts, KABC 120 and KCET 122. The network
distribution system is simplified by assuming there are no national
physical hosts. The entire Los Angeles area is split into a western
region 126 and an eastern region 128 by a dividing line 124. The
western region 126 is served by KABC and the eastern region 128 is
served by KCET. Each physical host station is further divided into
two logical hosts by dividing the western and eastern regions into
northern and southern regions. Accordingly, there are four logical
hosts serving the entire Los Angeles area. The appropriate logical
host for any particular zipcode can be ascertained by searching the
host assignment packets 130, 132 until a match is found between the
viewer zipcode and a zipcode contained in the packet. Referring to
the host assignment packets set forth in tabular form, all zipcodes
in the northwest region 134 are served by physical host KABC and
logical host 0407.sub.HEX, all zipcodes in the southwest region 136
are served by physical host KABC and logical host 0427.sub.HEX, all
zipcodes in the northeast region 138 are served by physical host
KCET and logical host 0467.sub.HEX, and all zipcodes in the
southeast region 140 are served by physical host KCET and logical
host 0447.sub.HEX. In summary, the entire Los Angeles area is
served by two physical hosts with each physical host carrying two
logical hosts.
[0051] In some network distribution schemes, it may be desirable to
have overlapping logical hosts in a given geographic area. For
example, assume that all viewers located in the zipcode range of
91300-91432, with the exception of viewers in the 91356 zipcode,
receive the same channel map. With this arrangement, the host
assignment packet would correlate a HOSTID to a code representative
of the zipcode ranges "91300-91355 and 91357-91432." Of course, the
volume of data in the host assignment packet could be reduced if
the zipcode range were simply "91300-91432." This, however, would
result in viewers in the 91356 zipcode identifying two logical
hosts. Accordingly, optimal packaging of zipcodes could be achieved
if an means for arbitrating multiple hosts were implemented. To
this end, a priority bit is embedded in the HOSTID. For example, a
priority bit of "0" may be included in the HOSTID assigned to the
zipcode range of 91300-91432. A priority bit of "1" may be included
in the HOSTID assigned to the 91356 zipcode. A Channel Map Decoder
operating in the 91356 zipcode would be programmed to recognize
both HOSTID's and select the second because of its higher priority.
The Channel Map Decoders operating outside the 91356 zipcode would
select the former as the HOSTID because it is the only HOSTID
assigned. Preferably, four levels of priorities are established
using two priority bits to provide greater versatility in designing
the broadcast distribution network.
[0052] It will be appreciated from the foregoing description that
the broadcast distribution network can have numerous applications
in addition to the channel mapping features described thus far. For
example, data packets can be created at the physical host for
transmitting, by way of example, an electronic television program
guide. This concept facilitates the selection of television
programs to be watched by the viewer. In other words, if an
electronic television program could be downloaded from the physical
host, the viewer would no longer need to make program selections by
scanning the television channels or consulting a television program
guide published as a hard copy. Instead, the program listings could
simply be recalled from memory by the viewer for display on the
television monitor and selected with a cursor for viewing or
recording. An example of such an electronic television program
guide is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/475,395
filed Jun. 7, 1995, which is incorporated herein by reference as
though set forth in full.
[0053] Due to the immense bandwidth requirements of the electronic
program guide, however, it cannot feasibly be transmitted around
the clock without adversely impacting the data repetition rate of
the channel mapping information. Accordingly, the electronic
television program guide, or other similar informational data
packets, must be transmitted only at scheduled broadcast times. To
facilitate this process, it would be useful to know the times the
desired data packets are broadcasted. This information can be
ascertained through a "host schedule" packet transmitted with the
channel mapping information by the physical host. An exemplary host
schedule packet in tabular form is shown in FIG. 11. Each host
schedule packet is preferably dedicated to a specific geographic
area and packaged in individual data blocks accompanied by the
appropriate HOSTID. For example, if the viewer is in the
geographical area served by the logical host identified by
0407.sub.HEX, then the electronic program guide will broadcast at
10:30 A.M. and again at 7:00 P.M.
[0054] The use of a host schedule packet requires that the
microcontroller be equipped with an internal clock. Moreover, it
would be desirable if the internal clock could be continuously
reset to avoid drift and maintain accuracy. Accordingly, a clock
data packet containing the current date and time is generated by
the physical host and transmitted along with the channel mapping
information. Preferably, a single standard reference time
"Universal Time Code" or "UTC" is transmitted throughout the United
States. This approach further enhances bandwidth performance since
a single clock data packet can serve the entire nation without the
need for any additional addressing or coding. The UTC in the clock
data packet is converted to the applicable timezone, i.e., Eastern
Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, Central Standard Time,
Pacific Standard Time, at the Channel Map Decoder through a
"timezone" data packet which is also transmitted with the channel
mapping information in the VBI portion of the television signal.
Preferably, the timezone packet provides a listing of timezones for
different zipcode areas, or alternatively for different HOSTIDs. In
addition, a daylight savings bit may be included in the data packet
to eliminate the need to change the data contents of the timezone
packet throughout the year.
[0055] The network distribution system described thus far provides
efficient and economic packaging of channel mapping information for
distribution nationwide. However, it will be appreciated that
numerous geographic areas throughout the country will be served by
two or more cable companies. Moreover, each cable company may offer
both a cable ready service and a cable box service, each having a
unique channel map. Finally, each geographic area served by one or
more cable companies may also be served by one or more OTA
broadcasters. FIG. 12 illustrates a typical broadcast distribution
network in a portion of the Los Angeles area. In this example, the
geographic areas covered by the zipcode range of 90000-90050 and
90300 are served by Cable Company C 142. In addition, the viewer
located in zipcode 90300 has subscribed to a cable box service 146
offered by Cable Co. C 142. Accordingly, the geographic area
covered by these zipcodes will have a single OTA broadcast channel
map, a single cable channel map, and a single cable box channel
map. In contrast, the 90210 zipcode is served by Cable Co. A 144
and Cable Co. B 146, and therefore will have a single OTA broadcast
channel map and two cable channel maps. Accordingly, the Channel
Map Decoder must be equipped with a means for discriminating
between an OTA broadcast, multiple cable ready signals, and a cable
box signal.
[0056] The initial step in this discrimination process is to
determine whether the television transmission is an OTA broadcast
or a cable signal. This can be accomplished by monitoring the known
RF spectrum allocations for the local area as the frequency
spectrum is swept by the tuner. By way of example, it is
conventional in the television industry to allocate OTA broadcast
stations in the VHF band on alternating channels to minimize
interference. For example, in the Los Angeles area, CBS is assigned
to channel 2, NBC is assigned to channel 4, and channel 3 is not
used. Cable television systems, on the other hand, do not entail
OTA transmissions, but rather encompass a system whereby television
transmissions are distributed to subscribers by a series of
amplifiers and coax cables. The cable television systems generally
occupy the same VHF and UHF bands as the OTA broadcast except that
the electrical characteristics of the transmissions can be more
tightly controlled thereby eliminating the need for channel
assignment separation. As a result, the allocation of television
stations in a cable system generally occupy all channels to
facilitate maximum coverage in the available RF spectrum. Thus, a
cable signal can be discriminated from an OTA broadcast by
monitoring the local VHF cable channel of the television
transmission that would otherwise be unused if the transmission
were an OTA broadcast. For example, if a television station is
detected on channel 3 in the Los Angeles area, then the television
transmission is a cable signal. On the other hand, if the presence
of a television station is not detected on channel 3 in the Los
Angeles area, then the television transmission is an OTA
broadcast.
[0057] For viewers without cable ready capability, or
alternatively, for those viewers who subscribe to channels having
scrambled transmissions, such as HBO, a cable box 146 may be
inserted in line between the cable service 142 and the television
receiver 144. The tuning of the television station is performed at
the cable box which is equipped with a tunable front end narrow
bandpass filter (not shown). A video signal from the selected
television station is remodulated onto a fixed carrier frequency at
the output of the cable box 146 and coupled to the television
receiver 144. The television receiver 144 is tuned to the fixed
carrier frequency to receive the television transmission, by way of
example, channel 3 in the Los Angeles area. Thus, in the Los
Angeles area, once a television station's transmission is detected
on channel 3, the remaining channels can be scanned to discriminate
between a cable ready signal and a cable box signal. If no other
television station transmissions are detected on any other channel
across the RF spectrum, then the television transmission is a cable
box signal. If, on the other hand, numerous television stations are
detected as the tuner sweeps the RF spectrum, then the television
transmission is a cable ready signal.
[0058] This initial discrimination process is dispositive for the
geographic area covered by the zipcodes 90000-90050 and 90300. The
Channel Map Decoders employed by cable viewers in the zipcodes
ranging from 90000-90050 would be able to successfully download the
channel map for Cable Co. C subscribers. The Channel Map Decoder
used with the television receiver 144 for the viewer residing in
the 90300 zipcode would be able to successfully download the
channel map for the cable box service offered by Cable Co. C. In
addition, the appropriate channel map can also be downloaded for
all OTA broadcast viewers regardless of zipcode. However, cable
viewers in the 90210 zipcode will require further discrimination to
determine whether their provider is Cable Co. A or Cable Co. B.
[0059] To resolve this ambiguity, a channel map selection matrix
("CMS matrix") is transmitted in the channel map selection packet
to each geographic area having two or more cable services. An
exemplary channel map selection packet in tabular form for the
geographic areas in FIG. 12 is shown in FIG. 13. Since the zipcode
area covered by 9000-900050 and 90300 has only one cable service,
the appropriate channel map identifier, 2714.sub.HEX, can be
extracted by the Channel Map Decoder directly from the table. In
contrast, a CMS matrix 148 is transmitted with zipcode 90210. The
CMS matrix provides several or all of the channel map pairs for
each cable service in the area. Thus, if the GCH numbers can be
ascertained as the channels are scanned, then it may be possible to
construct a portion of the channel map and reject channel maps in
CMS matrix 148 that are inconsistent.
[0060] To determine the GCH numbers, this information must be
included in a data packet. In a preferred embodiment, a current GCH
bit is included in the host schedule packet. An exemplary host
schedule packet having a current GCH bit with the Channel Map
Decoder tuned to GCH number 5 is shown in tabular form in FIG. 14.
The current GCH bit is used to indicate the GCH number of the
television channel that the VCR or television receiver is currently
tuned. By way of example, consider a viewer in the zipcode 90210
subscribing to Cable Co. B and having a logical host transmitting
channel map information over KABC. When the viewer initiates the
downloading process, the Channel Map Decoder will scan the RF
spectrum in search of the logical host. In this case, the logical
host will be found on channel 3, (see FIG. 1), and the applicable
HOSTID, 0407.sub.HEX (see FIG. 10), will be recorded in the Channel
Map Decoder from the host assignment packet. The Channel Map
Decoder will then search the host schedule packets without regard
to the applicable HOSTID for the current GCH bit. Referring to FIG.
14, the current GCH bit is set to a logic "1" for GCH number 5. In
other words, the GCH number of the logical host that is currently
tuned in by the Channel Map Decoder is 5. As a result of this
information, the Channel Map Decoder can establish the channel map
pair:
[0061] GCH 5 Television Channel 3
[0062] The Channel Map Decoder will continue to scan the RF
spectrum in search of multiple logical hosts. When the tuner is
tuned to KCET, channel 29 (see FIG. 1), the Channel Map Decoder
will detect additional host schedule packets and record the current
GCH bit, in this case the current GCH bit is set to a logic "1" for
GCH number 28 (not shown). Accordingly, a second channel map pair
can be established:
[0063] GCH 28 Television Channel 29
[0064] This channel mapping pair information is very useful in
resolving the CMS matrix. Referring back to the channel map
selection packet of FIG. 13, only the channel map for Cable Co. B
is consistent with the channel map pairs generated by the Channel
Map Decoder. The channel map for Cable Co. A can be rejected
because the channel map pair correlating GCH number 28 to
television channel 28 from the CMS matrix is simply inconsistent
with the channel map pair correlating GCH number 28 to television
channel 29 established by the Channel Map Decoder. Thus, the
microcontroller can identify Cable Co. B as the television service
subscribed to by the viewer and proceed to download the channel map
accompanied by the channel map identifier 2712.sub.HEX.
[0065] Further discrimination may performed by monitoring any XDS
("Extended Data Service") data. Under the Extended Data Services
proposed in the Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data Service,
Electronics Industries Association, EIA-608 (drafts Oct. 12, 1992
and Jun. 17, 1993), the subject matter of which is incorporated
herein by reference, additional standardized data may be provided
in line 21, field 2 of the vertical blanking interval. This
recommended practice includes two closed captioning fields, two
text mode fields and the extended data services. The extended data
includes, among other information, program name, program length,
length into program, channel number, network affiliation,
television station call letters, UCT (universal coordinated time)
time, time zone, and daylight savings time usage. Accordingly, by
utilizing the television station call letters, the Channel Map
Decoder can determine the corresponding GCH number using the source
map packet and establish additional channel map pairs in much the
same manner as described above using the host schedule packets.
[0066] It will be appreciated that a condition may arise where the
resolution of the CMS matrix results in two or more channel maps.
In these situations, more channel map information is required to
complete the channel map discrimination process. To resolve this
problem, the success rate of automated CMS matrix resolving can be
increased by programming the Channel Map Decoder to evaluate both
the host schedule packet and XDS data. Alternatively, the number of
physical hosts or the number of channels carrying XDS data can be
increased. Of course, if every channel were designated as a
physical host, then the entire channel map could be constructed by
collecting all the acquired channel map pairs. There would be no
need to explicitly transmit the channel maps for each television
service. In the rare instance when the CMS matrix cannot be
resolved by constructing channel map pairs, the CMS matrix could
then be presented to the television monitor and the appropriate
channel map could be manually selected by the viewer.
Alternatively, the viewer may be requested to tune to a particular
television station, i.e., HBO, and the Channel Map Decoder can then
ascertain additional channel map pairs by extracting the GCH number
for that television station from the source map and correlating
that number to the tuned in television channel. This process can
continue by tuning in additional channels until a number of channel
map pairs sufficient to identify a single channel map in the CMS
Matrix is established.
[0067] In the above example, a single OTA broadcaster serves the
entire geographic area and the channel map identifier can be
calculated directly from the HOSTID. However, if the exemplary
geographic region were served by multiple OTA broadcasters, a CMS
matrix would then need to be resolved in much the same manner
described with respect to the multiple cable channel maps above. To
circumvent the process of consulting the channel map selection
packet to determine whether a CMS matrix exists for an area served
by a single OTA broadcaster, it is desirable to include a Multi-OTA
bit in the host assignment packet. An exemplary host assignment
packet employing this concept is shown in tabular form in FIG. 15.
From this figure, it is apparent that a Channel Map Decoder
operating in the 90210 zipcode and receiving an OTA broadcast could
determine that the area is served by a single OTA broadcaster by
examining the Multi-OTA bit, in this case a logic level "0", and
commence calculating the channel map identifier from the HOSTID
without consulting the channel map selection packet. Conversely, a
Channel Map Decoder operating in the 95670 zipcode and receiving an
OTA broadcast, would detect a logic level "1" for the Multi-OTA bit
indicating the presence of two or more OTA broadcasters in the
area. Accordingly, the Channel Map Decoder would then need to
consult the channel map selection packet to resolve the CMS matrix
before downloading the appropriate channel map.
[0068] Turning to FIG. 16, an electrical block diagram of a
preferred embodiment of the Channel Map Decoder is shown.
Preferably, a single chip 8-bit microcontroller 200, hereinafter
referred to as the "channel mapping microcontroller," is used to
implement the channel mapping function. The chip core is a
microprocessor, such as a 68HC05CCV from Motorola with 512 byte
internal Ram, 12K byte ROM, and a VBI decoder. This chip can
embedded into any VCR or television. Alternatively, the channel map
decoding functions can be implemented and coded into the existing
microcontroller in the VCR or television, provided the system has a
VBI decoder.
[0069] The channel mapping microcontroller 200 is coded to perform
all the channel mapping functions described above. Thus, the
manufacturer of the television receiver or VCR need only insert the
channel mapping microcontroller 200 into their system, establish
communication between the existing microcontroller 202 and the
channel mapping microcontroller 200, and code the specific control
protocol. Once set, the channel mapping microcontroller 200 will
operate under complete control of the existing or main
microcontroller 202. Upon completion of the channel mapping
process, the channel mapping microcontroller transfers the channel
map and the clock to the main microcontroller 202 for storing in
internal memory (not shown), and clears its own internal memory
(not shown). By storing the ultimate channel mapping information in
the main microcontroller 202, the amount of memory required by the
channel mapping microcontroller can be minimized.
[0070] Preferably, the main microcontroller 202 is also a 68HC05CCV
from Motorola. In this configuration, the two microcontrollers can
interface through a standard four pin Serial Peripheral Interface
("SPI") bus 204 with a specific protocol. SPI is an interface used
by Motorola's microcontroller to allow several SPI microcomputers,
or SPI-type peripherals to be interconnected. The SPI bus 204
includes a separate line for data transmission and a separate line
for the clock. The SPI system is particularly attractive for the
channel mapping function because the system is designed to operate
with one master microcontroller controlling one or more slaves.
Ideally, the microcontroller 202, the channel mapping
microcontroller 200, and other peripheral devices can be configured
as a single-master-multi-slave system, in which the channel mapping
microcontroller 200 is one of the slave devices. A detailed
specification of the SPI bus is disclosed in the
"MC68HC05/705CCV--Produc- t Specification" from Motorola and is
expressly incorporated herein by reference as though set forth in
full.
[0071] The main microcontroller 202 provides tuning control of a
VHF/UHF tuner 206. The tuner 206, which can be any conventional
tuner in the art, is generally implemented with an RF amplifier 208
positioned at the front end of the tuner 206 for receiving the
television signal. The RF amplifier 208 should provide initial
amplification with good noise figure performance. The output of the
RF amplifier 208 is downconverted to an intermediate frequency (IF)
by a variable local oscillator (LO) signal at mixer 210. A low pass
narrow-band filter 212 is connected at the output of the mixer 210
for passing the difference frequency (IF frequency) of the selected
channel. The output of the low pass narrow-band filter 212 is
coupled to an IF demodulator 214 for extracting the base band video
signal from the IF carrier frequency.
[0072] An example of a suitable tuner is a FI1236 tuner
manufactured by Phillips Components. The main microcontroller 202
can be programmed to interface with the FI1236 tuner through an
inter-IC or I.sup.2C-bus. The I.sup.2C-bus is a bidirectional
2-wire bus owned and licensed by Phillips Components. The two wires
include a serial data line and a serial clock line for carrying
tuning information between the main microcontroller 202 and the
tuner 206.
[0073] The FI1236 tuner includes an RF section and an IF section
together on a single printed circuit board. Accordingly, optimal
packaging of electronics can be achieved since the tuning,
downconversion and demodulation may be performed in the same
package. Tuning and bandwidth switching is performed with a
conventional digital programming phase lock loop tuning system for
controlling the variable local oscillator.
[0074] The selected channel at the output of the tuner 206 is
coupled to the channel mapping microcontroller and to a sync pulse
extractor 216. The sync pulse extractor provides filtering of the
composite base band video signal and passes the horizontal and
vertical sync pulses to separate outputs. The horizontal and
vertical sync pulses are coupled to the channel mapping
microcontroller 200. The sync pulses synchronize the channel
mapping microcontroller 200 to the base band video signal. The sync
pulse extractor may be any conventional device known in the art, by
way of example, a LA7218 manufactured by Sanyo Semiconductor
Company.
[0075] The horizontal sync pulse at the output of the sync pulse
extractor is also coupled to a detector 218 to determine the
stability of the horizontal sync pulse. By determining the
stability of the horizontal sync pulse, the main microcontroller
202 can determine whether a television station has been allocated
to that particular channel in the RF spectrum selected by the tuner
206. This determination can be used by the main microcontroller 202
to discriminate between an OTA, a cable ready signal, or a cable
box signal.
[0076] The detector 218 can be any conventional device known in the
art. A cost effective approach for constructing the detector 218 is
with a retriggerable one-shot device. The time constant of the
one-shot is set for a period greater than the horizontal scan rate
so that the one-shot output remains triggered when the tuner is
tuned to a channel that has been allocated to a television station.
In other words, when the television receiver is tuned to a
television station, the horizontal sync pulse is stable and the
one-shot output remains at a substantially constant output voltage
because the one-shot is continuously retriggered by the horizontal
sync pulse prior to timing out. Conversely, if the tuned channel is
not one allocated to a television station, the horizontal sync
pulse will be asynchronous resulting in random time-outs of the
one-shot output. Accordingly, the main microcontroller 202 can
determine whether the channel currently tuned in is one in which a
television station has been allotted by simply monitoring the
output of the one-shot for a constant voltage.
[0077] Preferably, a remote control unit 220 is provided for user
control of the system. The remote control unit 220 has an infrared
("IR") transmitter which emits a wide band IR signal to an IR
detector (not shown) on the main microcontroller 202 in response to
a user command. The remote control unit 220 allows the user to
select the channel mapping function by merely depressing a key on
the unit. The channel mapping select signal is transmitted to the
main microcontroller 202 through the IR interface and initiates the
channel mapping program stored in internal memory.
[0078] The channel mapping program is best understood with
reference to the flow diagrams of FIGS. 17-19. Turning to FIG. 17,
once the channel mapping SELECTION 300 is made by the viewer, the
main microprocessor will cause the television monitor to prompt the
viewer to ENTER the ZIPCODE 302. Once the zipcode is successfully
transmitted to the main microcontroller through the IR interface,
the main microcontroller will enter into a television transmission
SOURCE DETECTION 304 routine. If the main microcontroller
determines that the television transmission source is a CABLE BOX
SIGNAL 306, a set of IR codes stored in the main microcontroller is
transmitted to an IR detector (not shown) in the cable box through
an RF blaster (not shown) to SET the IR CODES 308 which are
compatible with the cable box in use by means known in the art.
This step is necessary to give the main microcontroller control
over the tuner in the cable box so that the RF spectrum can be
swept to locate channel mapping information. Once the proper IR
codes are loaded into the cable box, or alternatively, if the main
microcontroller determines that the television transmission is an
OTA broadcast or a cable ready signal, then the main
microcontroller enters into a CHANNEL MAP DOWNLOAD routine 310.
Once the channel map is downloaded, the main microcontroller
surrenders control of the tuner to the viewer.
[0079] Preferably, the channel map will be continuously updated by
the Channel Map Decoder. Once the initial channel map has been
downloaded into memory, the Channel Map Decoder will enter into a
WAIT 312 mode. After a predetermined time, the Channel Map Decoder
will determine whether the TELEVISION RECEIVER IS IN USE 314. In
the event that the television receiver is currently in use, the
Channel Map Decoder will re-enter into the WAIT 312 mode. Only when
the television receiver is not in use, so as not to disturb the
viewer as the television channels are scanned for channel mapping
information, will the Channel Map Decoder repeat the execution of
the channel mapping program.
[0080] Turning to FIG. 18, a flow diagram for the TELEVISION
TRANSMISSION SOURCE DETECTION 304 routine is shown. The program
begins with a CHANNEL INITIALIZATION 400 routine which selects an
initial channel and generates an output representative of the
initial channel having an I.sup.2C-bus protocol. The initial
channel is preferably the local VHF cable channel, by way of
example, channel 3 in the Los Angeles area. In the described
embodiment, a CH3/CH4 switch 222 (see FIG. 16) is mounted to the
television chassis and coupled to the main microcontroller to
identify the local VHF cable channel. The CH3/CH4 switch 222 is
manually set be the viewer.
[0081] The program then proceeds to a HORIZONTAL SYNC PULSE
STABILITY 402 routine wherein an input signal is monitored to
determine whether the horizontal sync pulse is stable in time. In
the described embodiment, a stable horizontal sync pulse is
detected if the input signal from the output of the one-shot has a
constant voltage level for a predetermined time. If random pulses
are detected on the input signal, the main microcontroller
determines that the horizontal sync pulse is unstable and therefore
a television station has not been allocated to this channel. Based
on the absence of a television station on the local VHF cable
channel, the main microcontroller determines that the television
transmission is an OTA BROADCAST 404. If a stable horizontal sync
pulse is detected the television transmission is not an OTA
broadcast so the program then enters into a CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop
wherein the VHF and lower band UHF channels, preferably channels
2-29, are sequentially stepped through to determine the number of
television stations allocated in the particular television
transmission. It will be understood, however, by those skilled in
the art, that the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop can be implemented by
scanning the VHF and lower band UHF channels in any sequence. The
CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop comprises the following routine.
[0082] A CHANNEL SELECT 408 routine is entered wherein the channel
having the lowest frequency band that has not been previously
selected is selected and outputted in a standard I.sup.2C-bus
protocol. The HORIZONTAL SYNC PULSE STABILITY 410 is monitored to
determine whether the horizontal sync pulse is stable. A stable
horizontal sync pulse indicates that a television station has been
allocated to the selected channel. The ACCUMULATOR 412 routine,
which is initially cleared during the CHANNEL INITIALIZATION 400
routine, accumulates the number of channels having a stable
horizontal sync pulse during the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop. A
COMPARISON 414 routine is entered wherein the number of television
station allocations in the particular television transmission, as
determined by the ACCUMULATOR 412 routine, is compared to a
threshold number. If such television station allocations exceed the
threshold number, the program exits from the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop
and determines that the television transmission is a CABLE READY
SIGNAL 416. If such television station allocations do not exceed
the threshold, the main microcontroller enters into a CONTINUE
CHANNEL SCAN 418 routine to determine whether all the VHF and lower
band UHF channels have been selected in the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop.
The CONTINUE CHANNEL SCAN 418 routine causes the program to branch
back to the CHANNEL SELECT 408 routine if all the channels have not
been selected. Conversely, if all the channels have been selected,
the program exits from the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop and determines
that the television transmission is a CABLE BOX SIGNAL 120.
[0083] In theory, once a stable horizontal sync pulse is detected
in the CHANNEL SCAN 406 loop, a determination can be made that the
television transmission is not a cable box signal since the base
band video signal output of the cable box is modulated onto a
single fixed channel, by way of example, channel 3 in the Los
Angeles area. However, certain practical considerations dictate
that the threshold number should be greater to increase the
accuracy of detection.
[0084] The primary consideration is to ensure that the threshold
number be high enough to minimize the effects of OTA broadcast
interference. OTA broadcasts occupying the VHF bands present a real
problem for reliably discriminating between a cable ready signal
and a cable box signal. This is mainly due to the power level of
VHF transmissions which may result in the parasitic coupling of
composite video signals into the system. Of course, known filtering
and shielding techniques can be implemented to avoid this problem
thereby reducing the threshold number down to as low as one.
However, these techniques are rather complex and may drive the
overall cost of the system to a point where it is no longer
economically feasible. Accordingly, it is more prudent to simply
increase the threshold number of stable horizontal sync pulses
required as the cable channels are scanned to compensate for this
interference potential. In the described embodiment, six or less
stable sync pulses is optimal to determine that the cable signal is
a cable box signal.
[0085] Once the particular television service subscribed to by the
viewer is determined, and the appropriate zipcode is entered into
memory, the Channel Map Decoder is ready to locate and download the
appropriate channel map transmitted from the physical host. This
process is implemented by the CHANNEL MAP DOWNLOAD routine 310
stored in the main microcontroller. Referring to FIG. 19, the main
microcontroller enters in a CHANNEL INITIALIZATION 500 routine
which selects an initial channel and generates an output
representative of the initial channel having an I.sup.2C-bus
protocol. Once the selected channel is tuned, the main
microcontroller commands the channel mapping microcontroller, via
the SPI bus, to SEARCH THE VBI 502 for data. In the event that the
channel mapping microcontroller is unable to locate any data in the
VBI, the main microcontroller will enter into a CHANNEL SCAN
routine 503 in search of VBI data.
[0086] Once the CHANNEL SCAN routine 503 is invoked, the main
microcontroller will cause the tuner to TUNE TO THE NEXT CHANNEL
504 and the channel mapping microcontroller will perform another
VBI SEARCH 506 on the newly selected channel. Preferably, the main
microcontroller will scan the channels sequential, however, it will
be understood by those skilled in the art that the channels may be
scanned in any order.
[0087] In the event that the channel mapping microcontroller
detects data in the VBI, either after the CHANNEL INITIALIZATION
500 routine or after tuner is tuned to a different channel 504, the
channel mapping microcontroller determines whether the data is
CHANNEL MAPPING INFORMATION 508. This requires that the channel
mapping microcontroller initiate a validation process which
includes confirming the proper data packet format, i.e., the start
and stop code and the checksum. If the channel mapping
microcontroller determines that the VBI data is channel mapping
information, then the channel mapping microcontroller will attempt
to LOCATE THE HOST SCHEDULE PACKET 510, and RECORD THE CURRENT GCH
NUMBER 512. Subsequently, the channel mapping microcontroller will
attempt to LOCATE THE HOST ASSIGNMENT PACKET 514. Once the host
assignment packet is located, the channel mapping microcontroller
will search for HOSTIDs correlating to its zipcode, and if
successfully located, the microcontroller will RECORD THE HOSTIDs
and the accompanying MULTI-OTA BITs 516. Once the host assignment
packet is searched and the proper information recorded in memory,
or alternatively, if the Channel Map Decoder determines that there
is no channel mapping information present in the VBI 508, then the
Channel Map Decoder will look to VBI line 21 field 2 to locate any
XDS DATA 518 and RECORD any XDS DATA 520 found.
[0088] Once the HOSTID or HOSTIDs from the host assignment table
and the XDS data are recorded in memory, the Channel Map Decoder
enters back into the CHANNEL SCAN 503 routine to scan the remaining
channels for channel mapping information or XDS data. The main
microcontroller determines whether ALL THE CHANNELS HAVE BEEN
SCANNED 522. In the event that all the channels in the RF spectrum
have not been scanned, the Channel Map Decoder tunes to the next
channel 504. Conversely, if all the channels have been scanned, the
Channel Map Decoder exits the CHANNEL SCAN routine 503.
[0089] The initial inquiry after all the channels have been scanned
for channel mapping information and XDS data is whether MULTIPLE
HOSTIDs 524 have been identified. If only one HOSTID has been
detected, then the Channel Map Decoder TUNES TO THE LOGICAL HOST
526 identified by that HOSTID. Conversely, if multiple HOSTIDs have
been detected, the Channel Map Decoder executes a HOST ARBITRATION
528 routine to determine the highest priority HOSTID assigned to
the particular zipcode of the viewer. Once the highest priority
HOSTID is successfully arbitrated, the Channel Map Decoder TUNES TO
THE TOP PRIORITY LOGICAL HOST 530.
[0090] Once tuned to the appropriate logical host, the Channel Map
Decoder will attempt to LOCATE THE CLOCK PACKET AND TIMEZONE PACKET
531 and DOWNLOAD THE UTC CLOCK AND ADJUST THE TIME 533. The Channel
Map Decoder will then attempt to LOCATE THE SOURCE MAP PACKET 532,
and DOWNLOAD THE SOURCE MAP 534 into memory. In the event that the
Channel Map Decoder has identified an OTA BROADCAST 536 and the
MULTI-OTA BIT 538 indicates a single OTA broadcaster in the zipcode
of the viewer, then the CHANNEL MAP IDENTIFIER 540 can be
calculated from the HOSTID. If, on the other hand, the Channel Map
Decoder has detected a cable transmission 536 or multiple OTA
broadcasters in the area, then the Channel Map Decoder will attempt
to LOCATE THE CHANNEL MAP SELECTION PACKET 540, and determine
whether MULTIPLE CHANNEL MAPS 542 exist for the particular zipcode
of the viewer. In the event that multiple channel maps are
detected, the Channel Map Decoder will EXTRACT THE CMS MATRIX 544
from the channel map selection packet and attempt to RESOLVE THE
CMS MATRIX 546. If the CMS matrix cannot be resolved, then the
Channel Map Decoder will LOOK UP THE GCH NUMBER FOR ANY XDS DATA
548 in the source map to further attempt to RESOLVE THE CMS MATRIX
550. It is contemplated that an appropriate number of physical
hosts or channels carrying XDS data will be employed to assure
resolution of the CMS matrix at this point in the flow diagram.
However, in the event that resolution cannot be ascertained based
on the channel mapping information and the XDS data currently
stored in memory, the CMS matrix will be displayed on the
television monitor and the user will be prompted to make a USER
SELECTION 552.
[0091] Regardless of the method of CMS matrix resolution, the
Channel Map Decoder will record the resultant CHANNEL MAP
IDENTIFIER 554, and DOWNLOAD THE CHANNEL MAP 556 into memory. If
the Channel Map Decoder detects a single channel map 542, then the
CHANNEL MAP IDENTIFIER 550 may be recorded directly from the
channel map selection table and the channel map DOWNLOADED 556
without CMS resolution. Finally, if the Channel Map Decoder is able
to calculate the channel map identifier directly from the HOSTID
540, then the channel map can be DOWNLOADED 556 without consulting
the channel map selection packet at all. Once the channel map is
downloaded, the Channel Map Decoder MERGES THE SOURCE MAP INTO THE
CHANNEL MAP 558 to provide mapping between the channel allocations
in the RF spectrum and the call letters of the television
stations.
[0092] It is apparent from the foregoing that the present invention
satisfies an immediate need for a system and method for automating
the downloading of channel maps. The features of this channel
mapping system may be embodied in other specific forms and used
with a wide variety of telecommunication services, without
departing from the spirit or essential attributes of the present
invention. It is, therefore, desired that the present embodiment be
considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive,
reference being made to the appended claims rather than the
foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.
* * * * *