U.S. patent application number 10/447763 was filed with the patent office on 2003-11-06 for sulfonamides and derivatives thereof that modulate the activity of endothelin.
Invention is credited to Blok, Natalie, Kogan, Timothy, Raju, Bore Gowda, Woodard, Patricia, Wu, Chengde.
Application Number | 20030208084 10/447763 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24896894 |
Filed Date | 2003-11-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030208084 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Wu, Chengde ; et
al. |
November 6, 2003 |
Sulfonamides and derivatives thereof that modulate the activity of
endothelin
Abstract
Thienyl-, furyl- and pyrrolyl-sulfonamides, formulations of
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof and methods for
modulating or altering the activity of the endothelin family of
peptides are provided. In particular,
N-(isoxazolyl)thienylsulfonamides, N-(isoxazolyl)furylsulf-
onamides and N-(isoxazolyl)pyrrolylsulfonamides, formulations
thereof and methods using these sulfonamides for inhibiting the
binding of an endothelin peptide to an endothelin receptor by
contacting the receptor with the sulfonamide are provided. Methods
for treating endothelin-mediated disorders by administering
effective amounts of one or more of these sulfonamides or prodrugs
thereof that inhibit the activity of endothelin are also
provided.
Inventors: |
Wu, Chengde; (Houston,
TX) ; Raju, Bore Gowda; (Sugarland, TX) ;
Kogan, Timothy; (Sugarland, TX) ; Blok, Natalie;
(Houston, TX) ; Woodard, Patricia; (Sugarland,
TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HELLER EHRMAN WHITE & MCAULIFFE LLP
4350 LA JOLLA VILLAGE DRIVE
7TH FLOOR
SAN DIEGO
CA
92122-1246
US
|
Family ID: |
24896894 |
Appl. No.: |
10/447763 |
Filed: |
May 28, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10447763 |
May 28, 2003 |
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10011610 |
Nov 5, 2001 |
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10011610 |
Nov 5, 2001 |
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08938325 |
Sep 26, 1997 |
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6420567 |
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08938325 |
Sep 26, 1997 |
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08721183 |
Sep 27, 1996 |
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5962490 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
548/534 ;
549/475; 549/62 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 9/12 20180101; C07D
417/12 20130101; A61P 11/08 20180101; C07D 409/12 20130101; A61P
15/00 20180101; C07D 413/12 20130101; A61P 27/02 20180101; A61P
43/00 20180101; A61P 9/00 20180101; A61P 9/10 20180101; A61P 29/00
20180101; C07D 413/14 20130101; A61P 11/06 20180101; A61P 13/12
20180101; A61P 1/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
548/534 ; 549/62;
549/475 |
International
Class: |
C07D 207/28; C07D
333/32; C07D 307/02 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A sulfonamide compound of formula (A): 18or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt, acid or ester thereof, wherein: Ar.sup.1 is a
substituted with one or more substituents or an unsubstituted
monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group in which each substituent is
independently selected from the group consisting of H, NH.sub.2,
halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, aryl,
heteroaryl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino, alkylthio, arylcarbonyl,
aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl, haloaryl, and carbonyl, in
which the aryl and alkyl portions are unsubstituted or substituted
with any of the preceeding groups, or straight or branched chains
of from about 1 up to about 12 carbons; Ar.sup.2 has the formula:
19in which M is (CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2)- .sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)NH(CH.sub.2).sub.r, (CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH-
)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
C.dbd.N(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.dbd.CH).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r, CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.r, (CH.sub.2).sub.rO, (CH.sub.2)S(O).sub.n wherein n
is 0-2, C(O)O, in which m, s and r are each independently 0 to 6;
and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each
independently selected from (i) or (ii) as follows: (i) R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently
selected from among H, OH, NHR.sup.38, CONR.sup.38R.sup.39,
NO.sub.2, cyano, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio,
haloalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, alkenylthio, alkenylamino, alkenyloxy,
alkenylsulfinyl, alkenylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
arylaminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
(alkyl-aminocarbonyl)alkyl, acetoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl,
carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, cyanoalkyl,
acetyl, acetoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkyoxyalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl,
(acetoxy)alkoxy, (hydroxy)alkoxy, formyl, sulfonyl chlorides, amino
acids, hexoses, O-glycosides, riboses, lower alkyl, CN,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.x, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x,
(CH.sub.2).sub.xN-lower alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)NH.sub.2, a
D-, L- or racemic amino acid, a primary or secondary amide,
O-glycoside, a hexose or ribose, --S(O).sub.2NH.sub.2, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acetoxyalkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH--, CO.sub.2-lower alkyl, CN, heteroaryl,
--COC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xN(CH.sub.3).sub.2, a sulfonyl chloride,
S(O).sub.2NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, C(O)NHR.sup.50,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH or --C(O)N(H)N(H)M; or (ii) at least two of
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which substitute
adjacent carbons on the ring, together form alkylenedioxy,
alkylenethioxyoxy or alkylenedithioxy, which is unsubstituted or
substituted by replacing one or more hydrogens with halide,
loweralkyl, loweralkoxy or halo loweralkyl, and the others of
R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are selected as in
(i); at least four of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and
R.sup.5 are not hydrogen, unless: (a) R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are alkyl
and R.sup.5 is R.sup.20, which is selected from the group
consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, OH, CN, C(O)R.sup.16,
CO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2, a D, L
or racemic amino acid, a ribose or hexose, an O-glycoside, a
sulfonyl chloride, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, NHOH, NR.sup.12R.sup.16,
NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16, R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and
CONR.sup.12R.sup.16, then R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may be H; or (b) when
M is --CONHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16- )--, then R.sup.1, R.sup.2,
R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may all be H; (c) when M is
--COCHR.sup.6--, Ar.sup.1 is not an isoxazolyl, R.sup.1 is alkyl,
and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 form alkylenedioxy, then R.sup.2 and
R.sup.5 may be H; R.sup.38 and R.sup.39 are each independently
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, haloalkyl
alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl; R.sup.6 is H, or
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl; X is S, O or NR.sup.11,
where R.sup.11 contains up to about 30 carbon atoms and is selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.15 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.15 in
which n is 0-2; R.sup.15 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.11 and R.sup.15 are
unsubstituted or are substituted with one or more substituents each
selected independently from Z; Z is hydrogen, halide, pseudohalide,
alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, amino acids, primary and
secondary amides, O-glycosides, hexoses, riboses, alkylaryl,
alkylheteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, OH, CN, C(O)R.sup.16, OC(O)R.sup.16,
CO.sub.2R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in
which n is 0-2, NHOH, NR.sup.12R.sup.16, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3,
OR.sup.16, R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl,
aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl,
chloride, NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, or
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH; R.sup.50 is a substituent such as hydrogen,
lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sup.12, which is selected
independently from R.sup.11 and Z, is selected from hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl,
aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.17 and
S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is 0-2; R.sup.17 is hydrogen, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.12 and R.sup.16 may
together form alkylene; each of R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 may
be further substituted with any group set forth for Z.
2. A compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 1, wherein M is 20in which R.sup.40 is hydrogen,
alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl.
3. A compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 1, wherein M is C(O)CH.sub.2, C(O)NH,
--CH.dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C(O)(CH).sub.2 or
CH.sub.2CHC(O)CH.sub.2.
4. A compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 1, wherein M is selected from among: 21
5. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid
or ester thereof of claim 1 that has formula (I): 22wherein:
Ar.sup.1 is a substituted with one or more substituents or an
unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group in which each
substituent is independently selected from the group consisting of
H, NH.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl,
aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino, alkylthio, arylcarbonyl,
aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl, haloaryl, and carbonyl, in
which the aryl and alkyl portions are unsubstituted or substituted
with any of the preceeding groups, and straight or branched chains
of from about 1 up to about 12 carbons; X is S; R.sup.15 is
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl,
aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, or cycloalkynyl;
R.sup.11 and R.sup.15 are unsubstituted or are substituted with one
or more substituents each selected independently from Z; Z is
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide,
pseudohalide, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, amino acids,
primary and secondary amides, O-glycosides, hexoses, riboses,
alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy,
cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, OH, CN, C(O)R.sup.16,
OC(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH,
S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2, NHOH, NR.sup.12R.sup.16,
NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16, R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and
CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, chloride, NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl,
alkylheteroaryl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH; R.sup.50 is hydrogen,
lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sup.12, which is selected
independently from R.sup.11 and Z, is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,
cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.17 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is
0-2; R.sup.17 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.12 and R.sup.16 may together
form alkylene; each of R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16
may be further substituted with the any of the appropriate groups
of those set forth for Z; W is .dbd.C(halo).sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.x--, .dbd.N(lower alkyl), --C(O)--, .dbd.C(lower
alkyl).sub.2, --NH--, .dbd.NCOR.sup.16,
--NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)--, .dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16, --CH.sub.2--
or .dbd.CHR.sup.6; and each .sub.x is 0-3.
6. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (A) are of
formula (II): 23wherein: Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted
monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group with one or more substituents,
selected from the group consisting of H, NH.sub.2, halide,
pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, aryl, heteroaryl,
alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino, alkylthio, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy,
arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl, haloaryl, and carbonyl, in which
the aryl and alkyl portions are unsubstituted or substituted with
any of the preceeding groups, and straight or branched chains of
from about 1 up to about 10-12 carbons; R.sup.7 is R.sup.1, R.sup.8
is R.sup.3, R.sup.9 is R.sup.4 and R.sup.10 is R.sup.5.
7. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 6, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are
alkyl, haloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl containing 1 to 2 double
bonds, alkynyl containing 1 to 2 triple bonds, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or
heteroarylalkyl.
8. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 7, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are lower
alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, or aryl.
9. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 8, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are
methyl.
10. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 6, wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and
R.sup.10 do not contain cyano groups, and W is not
--CH.sub.2--.
11. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 6, wherein: W is --NH--,
.dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16, or is --CH.sub.2-- when R.sup.9 is
hydroxyl; R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are methyl; and R.sup.9 is
selected from the group consisting of Z-substituted and
unsubstituted alkyl, hydroxyl, substituted and unsubstituted
alkoxy, OC(O)R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, NR.sup.12R.sup.16 and
S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2.
12. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 11, wherein R.sup.9 is selected from the
group consisting of methoxy, methoxycarbonylmethoxy,
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxya- cetoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy,
N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxy, N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxymethyl,
dimethylamino, pyrrolidinyl, acetoxy, hydroxy, cyanomethyl,
acetoxymethyl, hydroxymethyl, carboxylmethyl, methanesulfonylamino,
N,N-dimethylaminomethyl, SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, and
methoxycarbonylmethyl.
13. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 11, wherein R.sup.9 does not contain a cyano
group.
14. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 11, wherein R.sup.9 is selected from the
group consisting of methoxy, methoxycarbonylmethoxy,
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxya- cetoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy,
N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxy, N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxymethyl,
dimethylamino, pyrrolidinyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl,
hydroxy and acetoxy.
15. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 1 that is a
thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
16. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 6 that is a
thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
17. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 1 that has formula III: 24wherein: X
is S, O or NR.sup.11; each G and R is independently selected from
lower alkyl, CN, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.x,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.x, (CH.sub.2).sub.xN-lower alkyl,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)NH.sub.2, a D-, L- or racemic amino acid, a
primary or secondary amide, O-glycoside, a hexose or ribose,
--S(O).sub.2NH.sub.2, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl,
acetoxyalkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH; --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH--,
CO.sub.2-lower alkyl, CN, heteroaryl,
--COC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xN(CH.sub.3).sub.2, a sulfonyl chloride,
S(O).sub.2NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, C(O)NHR.sup.50,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH and --C(O)N(H)N(H)M; R.sup.50 is hydrogen,
lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; M is H or R.sup.50; R' is
independently selected from hydrogen, G and R; W is
.dbd.C(halo).sub.2, .dbd.N(H), --(CH.sub.2).sub.x--, .dbd.N(lower
alkyl), --C(O)--, .dbd.C(lower alkyl).sub.2; and each x is
independently is 0-3.
18. The sulfonamides of claim 17, wherein Ar.sup.1 is a phenyl
group.
19. The sulfonamides of claim 17, wherein: R, G and R' are selected
where the amino acid is L-Asp or L-Glu; the hexose is D-mannose,
the heteroaryl is triazolyl, and X is S.
20. The sulfonamides of claim 17, wherein: W is .dbd.CH.sub.2,
.dbd.NH, .dbd.NCH.sub.3, .dbd.NCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
.dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or CF.sub.2; and G is --CH.sub.3, --CN,
--COCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCO.sub.2H.
21. The sulfonamides of claim 18, wherein: W is .dbd.CH.sub.2,
.dbd.NH, .dbd.NCH.sub.3, .dbd.NCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
.dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or CF.sub.2; and G is --CH.sub.3, --CN,
--COCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCO.sub.2H.
22. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 17 that is a
thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
23. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (A) are
of formula (IV): 25wherein: R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl or aryl.
24. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 23, wherein: R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or
unsubstituted alkyl.
25. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 23, wherein R.sup.6 is methyl or
carboxymethyl.
26. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 23 that is a
thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
27. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 1, wherein the compounds of formula (A) are
of formula (V): 26wherein: W is --NH--; and R.sup.20 is selected
from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, OH,
CN, C(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which
n is 0-2, a D, L or racemic amino acid, a ribose or hexose, an
O-glycoside, a sulfonyl chloride, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, NHOH,
NR.sup.12R.sup.16, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16,
R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl,
aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.12 is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,
cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.17 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is
0-2; R.sup.17 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; and each of R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and
R.sup.16 may be further substituted with the any of the groups set
forth for Z.
28. A sulfonamide compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 27 that is a
thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
29. The compounds of claim 1 that are pharmaceutically acceptable
sodium salts.
30. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising an effective amount of
a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid
or ester thereof in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein
the amount is effective for ameliorating the symptoms of an
endothelin-mediated disease.
31. The composition of claim 30 that is formulated for single or
multiple dosage administration.
32. An article of manufacture, comprising packaging material and a
compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof of claim 1 contained within the packaging material, wherein
the compound is effective for antagonizing the effects of
endothelin, ameliorating the symptoms of an endothelin-mediated
disorder, or inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to an
ET receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 10 .mu.M, and the
packaging material includes a label that indicates that the
sulfonamide or salt thereof is used for antagonizing the effects of
endothelin, inhibiting the binding of endothelin to an endothelin
receptor or treating an endothelin-mediated disorder.
33. A method for the treatment of endothelin-mediated diseases,
comprising administering to a subject an effective amount the
pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the effective amount
is sufficient to ameliorate one or more of the symptoms of the
disease.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the disease is selected from
the group consisting of hypertension, cardiovascular disease,
asthma, pulmonary hypertension, inflammatory diseases,
ophthalmologic disease, menstrual disorders, obstetric conditions,
wounds, gastroenteric disease, renal failure,
immunosuppressant-mediated renal vasoconstriction,
erythropoietin-mediated vasoconstriction endotoxin shock, pulmonary
hypertension, anaphylactic shock and hemorrhagic shock.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein the disease is selected from
the group consisting of asthma and inflammatory diseases.
36. A method for inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to
endothelin.sub.A (ET.sub.A) or endothelin.sub.B (ET.sub.B)
receptors, comprising contacting the receptors an endothelin
peptide and with a compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,
acid or ester thereof of claim 1, wherein: the contacting is
effected prior to, simultaneously with or subsequent to contacting
the receptors with the endothelin peptide.
37. A method for altering endothelin receptor-mediated activity,
comprising contacting endothelin receptors with a compound or
pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester thereof of claim
1.
38. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 30, that comprises a
sodium phosphate buffer solution containing a sugar and the
compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or ester
thereof, dissolved therein.
39. The pharmaceutical formulation of claim 38, wherein the
sulfonamide is a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt that is an alkali
metal.
40. A lyophilized powder, comprising a salt of compound of claim
1.
41. The lyophilized powder of claim 40 produced by a process,
comprising: (a) dissolving a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of
the sulfonamide compound in a sodium phosphate buffer solution
containing a sugar or carbohydrate; (b) sterile-filtering the
resulting solution; and (c) lyophilizing the filtered solution
under standard conditions to produce a sterile powder.
42. The powder of claim 41, wherein the sugar or carbohydrate is
dextrose.
43. An article of manufacture, comprising packaging material and a
the powder of claim 40, contained within the packaging material,
wherein the compound is effective for antagonizing the effects of
endothelin, ameliorating the symptoms of an endothelin-mediated
disorder, or inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to an
ET receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 1 .mu.M, and the
packaging material includes a label that indicates that the
sulfonamide or salt thereof is used for antagonizing the effects of
endothelin, inhibiting the binding of endothelin to an endothelin
receptor or treating an endothelin-mediated disorder.
44. The combination comprising: a sterile vial containing the
pharmaceutical formulation of claim 40.
45. The combination of claim 44, wherein the sterile vial contains
an amount of the powder that is for single dose administration.
46. The combination of claim 44, wherein the sterile vial also
contains an amount of sterile water for injection; and the final
concentration of the sulfonamide sodium salt is between about 1 and
250 mg/mL.
47. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 30 that is formulated
as a tablet or capsule.
48. A composition of claim 47, further comprising an enteric
coating.
49. The composition of claim 47, wherein the coating is selected
from cellulose acetate phthalate, polyethylene glycol,
polyoxyethylene sorbitan, castor oil, ethyl cellulose pseudolatex,
phenyl salicylate, n-butyl stearate, stearic acid and carnuba
wax.
50. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 1, wherein Ar.sup.1 is phenyl.
51. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 6, wherein Ar.sup.1 is phenyl.
52. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 1, wherein M is
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)NH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.su- b.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
C.dbd.N(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r, CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.r, (CH.sub.2).sub.rO, (CH.sub.2)S(O).sub.n,
C(O)O.
53. A sulfonamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, acid or
ester thereof of claim 27, wherein: W is --NH--; and R.sup.20 is
CONH.sup.2, COOH, or phenyl.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser.
No. 10/011,610 to Wu et al., filed Nov. 5, 2001, entitled
"SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF
ENDOTHELIN." U.S. application Ser. No. 10/011,610 is a divisional
of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/938,325 to Wu et al., filed Sep.
26, 1997, entitled "SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN." U.S. application Ser. No.
08/938,325 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.
08/721,183, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,490, to Chan et al., filed Sep.
27, 1996, entitled "SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN." Priority is claimed herein to
the above-referenced applications.
[0002] This application is also related to International PCT
application No. PCT/US96/04759, filed Apr. 4, 1996, entitled
"THIENYL-, FURYL- PYRROLYL- AND BIPHENYLSULFONAMIDES AND
DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN"; is
also related to U.S. application Ser. No. 08/477,223, now U.S. Pat.
No. 5,594,021, filed Jun. 6, 1995, entitled, "THIENYL-, FURYL- AND
PYRROLYL SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE
ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN"; is also related to of U.S. application
Ser. No. 08/417,075, filed Apr. 4, 1995, entitled, "THIENYL-,
FURYL- AND PYRROLYL SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN", now abandoned; is also
related to of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/247,072, now U.S. Pat.
No. 5,571,821, to Chan et al., filed May 20, 1994, entitled
"SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF
ENDOTHELIN"; is also related to of U.S. application Ser. No.
08/222,287, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,761, to Chan et al., filed Apr.
5, 1994, entitled "THIOPHENYL-, FURYL- AND PYRROLYL-SULFONAMIDES
AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN";
each of these applications is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/142,552, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,691, to
Chan et al., filed Oct. 21, 1993, entitled
"N-(4-HALO-ISOXAZOLYL)-SULFONA- MIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN"; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/142,159, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,853, to Chan et al., filed Oct.
21, 1993, entitled "N-(5-ISOXAZOLYL)BIPHENYLSULFO- NAMIDES,
N-(3-ISOXAZOLYL)BIPHENYLSULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN"; and U.S. application Ser. No.
08/142,631 to Chan et al., filed Oct. 21, 1993,
"N-(5-ISOXAZOLYL)-BENZENE- SULFONAMIDES,
N-(3-ISOXAZOLYL)-BENZENESULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN", now abandoned.
[0003] U.S. application Ser. No. 08/721,183 is a
continuation-in-part of International PCT application No.
PCT/US96/04759; is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application
Ser. No. 08/477,223, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,94,021; is also a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/417,075, now
abandoned; is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser.
No. 08/247,072, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,812; is also a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/222,287, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,761; each of these applications is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/142,552, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,691; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/142,159, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,853; and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/142,631,
now abandoned.
[0004] International PCT application No. PCT/US96/04759 is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/477,223, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,021; is also a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/417,075, now abandoned; and is also a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/416,199, to
Chan, et al., filed Apr. 4, 1995, entitled, "BENZENESULFONAMIDES
AND THE USE THEREOF TO MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN". U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/477,223 is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/417,075, now abandoned. Each of U.S.
application Ser. Nos. 08/477,223, 08/417,075 and 08/416,199 is in
turn a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No.
08/247,072, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,821; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/222,287, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,761; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/142,552, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,691; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/142,159, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,853; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/142,631, now abandoned; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/100,565 to
Chan et al., filed Jul. 30, 1993, entitled
"N-(5-ISOXAZOLYL)-SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN", now abandoned; U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/100,125, to Chan et al., filed Jul. 30,
1993, entitled "N-(3-ISOXAZOLYL)-SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES
THEREOF THAT MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN", now abandoned;
and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/065,202, to Chan, filed May 20,
1993, entitled "SULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT MODULATE
THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN", now abandoned.
[0005] U.S. application Ser. No. 08/417,075 is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/247,072, now
U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,821, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/222,287, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,761. U.S.
application Ser. Nos. 08/416,199, 08/247,072 and 08/222,287 are
each a continuation-in-part of the following applications: U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/142,552, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,691; U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/142,159, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,853; U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/142,631 to Chan et al., filed Oct. 21,
1993, "N-(5-ISOXAZOLYL)-BENZENESULFONAMIDES,
N-(3-ISOXAZOLYL)-BENZENESULFONAMIDES AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF THAT
MODULATE THE ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIN"; U.S. application Ser. No.
08/100,565; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/100,125; and U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/065,202.
[0006] U.S. application Ser. No. 08/416,199 is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. No. 08/247,072,
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,821; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/222,287,
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,761; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/142,159,
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,464,853; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/142,552,
now U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,691; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/100,565,
now abandoned; U.S. application Ser. No. 08/100,125, now abandoned;
and U.S. application Ser. No. 08/065,202, now abandoned.
[0007] U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/142,159, 08/142,552,
08/142,631 are continuation-in-part applications of U.S.
application Ser. Nos. 08/100,565, 08/100,125 and 08/065,202, all
now abandoned; and U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/100,565 and
08/100,125 are continuation-in-part applications of U.S.
application Ser. No. 08/065,202, now abandoned.
[0008] The subject matter of International PCT application No.
PCT/US96/0475 and each of U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/011,610,
08/938,325, 08/721,183, 08/477,223, 08/417,075, 08/416,199,
08/247,072, 08/222,287, 08/142,159, 08/142,552, 08/142,631,
08/100,565, 08/100,125 and 08/065,202 is incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention relates to compounds that modulate the
activity of the endothelin family of peptides. In particular, the
invention relates to the use of sulfonamides and sulfonamide salts
and pro-drugs as endothelin agonists and antagonists.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The vascular endothelium releases a variety of vasoactive
substances, including the endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor
peptide, endothelin (ET) (see, e.g., Vanhoutte et al. (1986) Annual
Rev. Physiol. 48: 307-320; Furchgott and Zawadski (1980) Nature
288: 373-376). Endothelin, which was originally identified in the
culture supernatant of porcine aortic endothelial cells (see,
Yanagisawa et al. (1988) Nature 332: 411-415), is a potent
twenty-one amino acid peptide vasoconstrictor. It is the most
potent vasopressor known and is produced by numerous cell types,
including the cells of the endothelium, trachea, kidney and brain.
Endothelin is synthesized as a two hundred and three amino acid
precursor preproendothelin that contains a signal sequence which is
cleaved by an endogenous protease to produce a thirty-eight (human)
or thirty-nine (porcine) amino acid peptide. This intermediate,
referred to as big endothelin, is processed in vivo to the mature
biologically active form by a putative endothelin-converting enzyme
(ECE) that appears to be a metal-dependent neutral protease (see,
e.g., Kashiwabara et al. (1989) FEBS Lttrs. 247: 337-340). Cleavage
is required for induction of physiological responses (see, e.g.,
von Geldern et al. (1991) Peptide Res. 4: 32-35). In porcine aortic
endothelial cells, the thirty-nine amino acid intermediate, big
endothelin, is hydrolyzed at the Trp.sup.21-Val.sup.22 bond to
generate endothelin-1 and a C-terminal fragment. A similar cleavage
occurs in human cells from a thirty-eight amino acid intermediate.
Three distinct endothelin isopeptides, endothelin-1, endothelin-2
and endothelin-3, that exhibit potent vasoconstrictor activity have
been identified.
[0011] The family of three isopeptides endothelin-1, endothelin-2
and endothelin-3 are encoded by a family of three genes (see, Inoue
et al. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 2863-2867; see, also
Saida et al. (1989)J. Biol. Chem. 264: 14613-14616). The nucleotide
sequences of the three human genes are highly conserved within the
region encoding the mature 21 amino acid peptides and the
C-terminal portions of the peptides are identical. Endothelin-2 is
(Trp.sup.6,Leu.sup.7) endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 is (Thr.sup.2,
Phe.sup.4, Thr.sup.5, Tyr.sup.6, Lys.sup.7, Tyr.sup.14)
endothelin-1. These peptides are, thus, highly conserved at the
C-terminal ends.
[0012] Release of endothelins from cultured endothelial cells is
modulated by a variety of chemical and physical stimuli and appears
to be regulated at the level of transcription and/or translation.
Expression of the gene encoding endothelin-1 is increased by
chemical stimuli, including adrenaline, thrombin and
Ca.sup.2+ionophore. The production and release of endothelin from
the endothelium is stimulated by angiotensin II, vasopressin,
endotoxin, cyclosporine and other factors (see, Brooks et al.
(1991) Eur. J. Pharm. 194:115-117), and is inhibited by nitric
oxide. Endothelial cells appear to secrete short-lived
endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRF), including nitric oxide
or a related substance (Palmer et al. (1987) Nature 327: 524-526),
when stimulated by vasoactive agents, such as acetylcholine and
bradykinin. Endothelin-induced vasoconstriction is also attenuated
by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
[0013] The endothelin peptides exhibit numerous biological
activities in vitro and in vivo. Endothelin provokes a strong and
sustained vasoconstriction in vivo in rats and in isolated vascular
smooth muscle preparations; it also provokes the release of
eicosanoids and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) from
perfused vascular beds. Intravenous administration of endothelin-1
and in vitro addition to vascular and other smooth muscle tissues
produce long-lasting pressor effects and contraction, respectively
(see, e.g., Bolger et al. (1991) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 69:
406-413). In isolated vascular strips, for example, endothelin-1 is
a potent (EC.sub.50=4.times.10.sup.-10 M), slow acting, but
persistent, contractile agent. In vivo, a single dose elevates
blood pressure in about twenty to thirty minutes.
Endothelin-induced vasoconstriction is not affected by antagonists
to known neurotransmitters or hormonal factors, but is abolished by
calcium channel antagonists. The effect of calcium channel
antagonists, however, is most likely the result of inhibition of
calcium influx, since calcium influx appears to be required for the
long-lasting contractile response to endothelin.
[0014] Endothelin also mediates renin release, stimulates ANP
release and induces a positive inotropic action in guinea pig
atria. In the lung, endothelin-1 acts as a potent
bronchoconstrictor (Maggi et al. (1989) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 160:
179-182). Endothelin increases renal vascular resistance, decreases
renal blood flow, and decreases glomerular filtrate rate. It is a
potent mitogen for glomerular mesangial cells and invokes the
phosphoinoside cascade in such cells (Simonson et al. (1990) J.
Clin. Invest. 85: 790-797).
[0015] There are specific high affinity binding sites (dissociation
constants in the range of 2-6.times.10.sup.-10 M) for the
endothelins in the vascular system and in other tissues, including
the intestine, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen, adrenal glands and
brain. Binding is not inhibited by catecholamines, vasoactive
peptides, neurotoxins or calcium channel antagonists. Endothelin
binds and interacts with receptor sites that are distinct from
other autonomic receptors and voltage dependent calcium channels.
Competitive binding studies indicate that there are multiple
classes of receptors with different affinities for the endothelin
isopeptides. The sarafotoxins, a group of peptide toxins from the
venom of the snake Atractaspis eingadensis that cause severe
coronary vasospasm in snake bite victims, have structural and
functional homology to endothelin-1 and bind competitively to the
same cardiac membrane receptors (Kloog et al. (1989) Trends
Pharmacol. Sci. 10: 212-214).
[0016] Two distinct endothelin receptors, designated ET.sub.A and
ET.sub.B, have been identified and DNA clones encoding each
receptor have been isolated (Arai et al. (1990) Nature 348:
730-732; Sakurai et al. (1990) Nature 348: 732-735). Based on the
amino acid sequences of the proteins encoded by the cloned DNA, it
appears that each receptor contains seven membrane spanning domains
and exhibits structural similarity to G-protein-coupled membrane
proteins. Messenger RNA encoding both receptors has been detected
in a variety of tissues, including heart, lung, kidney and brain.
The distribution of receptor subtypes is tissue specific (Martin et
al. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162: 130-137). ET.sub.A
receptors appear to be selective for endothelin-1 and are
predominant in cardiovascular tissues. ET.sub.B receptors are
predominant in noncardiovascular tissues, including the central
nervous system and kidney, and interact with the three endothelin
isopeptides (Sakurai et al. (1990) Nature 348: 732-734). In
addition, ET.sub.A receptors occur on vascular smooth muscle, are
linked to vasoconstriction and have been associated with
cardiovascular, renal and central nervous system diseases; whereas
ET.sub.B receptors are located on the vascular endothelium, linked
to vasodilation (Takayanagi et al. (1991) FEBS Lttrs. 282: 103-106)
and have been associated with bronchoconstrictive disorders.
[0017] By virtue of the distribution of receptor types and the
differential affinity of each isopeptide for each receptor type,
the activity of the endothelin isopeptides varies in different
tissues. For example, endothelin-1 inhibits .sup.125I-labelled
endothelin-1 binding in cardiovascular tissues forty to seven
hundred times more potently than endothelin-3. .sup.125I-labelled
endothelin-1 binding in non-cardiovascular tissues, such as kidney,
adrenal gland, and cerebellum, is inhibited to the same extent by
endothelin-1 and endothelin-3, which indicates that ET.sub.A
receptors predominate in cardiovascular tissues and ET.sub.B
receptors predominate in non-cardiovascular tissues.
[0018] Endothelin plasma levels are elevated in certain disease
states (see, e.g., International PCT Application WO 94/27979, and
U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,569, which disclosures are herein incorporated
in their entirety by reference). Endothelin-1 plasma levels in
healthy individuals, as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), are
about 0.26-5 pg/ml. Blood levels of endothelin-1 and its precursor,
big endothelin, are elevated in shock, myocardial infarction,
vasospastic angina, kidney failure and a variety of connective
tissue disorders. In patients undergoing hemodialysis or kidney
transplantation or suffering from cardiogenic shock, myocardial
infarction or pulmonary hypertension levels as high as 35 pg/ml
have been observed (see, Stewart et al. (1991) Annals Internal Med.
114: 464-469). Because endothelin is likely to be a local, rather
than a systemic, regulating factor, it is probable that the levels
of endothelin at the endothelium/smooth muscle interface are much
higher than circulating levels.
[0019] Elevated levels of endothelin have also been measured in
patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (Yasuda et al.
(1990) Amer. Heart J. 119:801-806, Ray et al. (1992) Br. Heart J.
67:383-386). Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity is
increased more than twofold in patients with advanced
atherosclerosis (Lerman et al. (1991) New Engl. J. Med.
325:997-1001). Increased endothelin immunoreactivity has also been
associated with Buerger's disease (Kanno et al. (1990) J. Amer.
Med. Assoc. 264:2868) and Raynaud's phenomenon (Zamora et al.
(1990) Lancet 336 1144-1147). Increased circulating endothelin
levels were observed in patients who underwent percutaneous
transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (Tahara et al. (1991)
Metab. Clin. Exp. 40:1235-1237; Sanjay et al. (1991) Circulation
84(Suppl. 4):726), and in individuals (Miyauchi et al. (1992) Jpn.
J. Pharmacol.58:279P; Stewart et al. (1991) Ann.Internal Medicine
114:464-469) with pulmonary hypertension. Thus, there is clinical
human data supporting the correlation between increased endothelin
levels and numerous disease states.
[0020] Endothelin Agonists and Antagonists
[0021] Because endothelin is associated with certain disease states
and is implicated in numerous physiological effects, compounds that
can interfere with or potentiate endothelin-associated activities,
such as endothelin-receptor interaction and vasoconstrictor
activity, are of interest. Compounds that exhibit endothelin
antagonistic activity have been identified. For example, a
fermentation product of Streptomyces misakiensis, designated
BE-18257B, has been identified as an ET.sub.A receptor antagonist.
BE-18257B is a cyclic pentapeptide,
cyclo(D-Glu-L-Ala-allo-D-Ile-L-Leu-D-Trp), which inhibits
125I-labelled endothelin-1 binding in cardiovascular tissues in a
concentration-dependent manner (IC.sub.50 1.4 .mu.M in aortic
smooth muscle, 0.8 .mu.M in ventricle membranes and 0.5 .mu.M in
cultured aortic smooth muscle cells), but fails to inhibit binding
to receptors in tissues in which ET.sub.B receptors predominate at
concentrations up to 100 .mu.M. Cyclic pentapeptides related to
BE-1 8257B, such as cyclo(D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu-D-Trp) (BQ-123), have
been synthesized and shown to exhibit activity as ET.sub.A receptor
antagonists (see, U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al.; see,
also, EP A1 0 436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD (Oct. 7,
1991)). Studies that measure the inhibition by these cyclic
peptides of endothelin-1 binding to endothelin-specific receptors
indicate that these cyclic peptides bind preferentially to ET.sub.A
receptors. Other peptide and non-peptidic ET.sub.A antagonists have
been identified (see, e.g., 5,352,800, 5,334,598, 5,352,659,
5,248,807, 5,240,910, 5,198,548, 5,187,195, 5,082,838). These
include other cyclic pentapeptides, acyltripeptides, hexapeptide
analogs, certain anthraquinone derivatives, indanecarboxylic acids,
certain N-pyriminylbenzenesulfonamides, certain
benzenesulfonamides, and certain naphthalenesulfonamides (Nakajima
et al. (1991) J. Antibiot. 44:1348-1356; Miyata et al. (1992) J.
Antibiot. 45:74-8; Ishikawa et al. (1992) J.Med. Chem.
35:2139-2142; U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al.; EP A1 0
569 193; EP A1 0 558 258; EP A1 0 436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL
CO., LTD (Oct. 7, 1991); Canadian Patent Application 2,067,288;
Canadian Patent Application 2,071,193; U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,243;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,313; U.S. Pat. No. 5,612,359, U.S. Pat. No.
5,514,696, U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,715; Cody et al. (1993) Med. Chem.
Res. 3:154-162; Miyata et al. (1992) J. Antibiot 45:1041-1046;
Miyata et al. (1992) J. Antibiot 45:1029-1040, Fujimoto et al.
(1992) FEBS Lett. 305:41-44; Oshashi et al. (1002) J. Antibiot
45:1684-1685; EP A1 0 496 452; Clozel et al. (1993) Nature
365:759-761; International Patent Application WO93/08799; Nishikibe
et al. (1993) Life Sci. 52:717-724; and Benigni et al. (1993)
Kidney Int. 44:440-444). Numerous sulfonamides that are endothelin
peptide antagonists are also described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,464,853,
5,594,021, 5,591,761, 5,571,821, 5,514,691, 5,464,853,
International PCT application No.96/31492 and International PCT
application No. WO 97/27979.
[0022] In general, the identified compounds have activities in in
vitro assays as ET.sub.A antagonists at concentrations on the order
of about 50-100 .mu.M or less. A number of such compounds have also
been shown to possess activity in in vivo animal models.
[0023] Endothelin Antagonists and Agonists as Therapeutic
Agents
[0024] It has been recognized that compounds that exhibit activity
at IC.sub.50 or EC.sub.50 concentrations on the order of 10.sup.-4
or lower in standard in vitro assays that assess endothelin
antagonist or agonist activity have pharmacological utility (see,
e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,352,800, 5,334,598, 5,352,659, 5,248,807,
5,240,910, 5,198,548, 5,187,195 and 5,082,838). By virtue of this
activity, such compounds are considered to be useful for the
treatment of hypertension such as peripheral circulatory failure,
heart disease such as angina pectoris, cardiomyopathy,
arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension,
vasospasm, vascular restenosis, Raynaud's disease, cerebral stroke
such as cerebral arterial spasm, cerebral ischemia, late phase
cerebral spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, asthma,
bronchoconstriction, renal failure, particularly post-ischemic
renal failure, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity such as acute renal
failure, colitis, as well as other inflammatory diseases, endotoxic
shock caused by or associated with endothelin, and other diseases
in which endothelin has been implicated.
[0025] In view of the numerous physiological effects of endothelin
and its association with certain diseases, endothelin is believed
to play a critical role in these pathophysiological conditions
(see, e.g., Saito et al. (1990) Hypertension 15: 734-738; Tomita et
al. (1989) N. Engl. J. Med. 321: 1127; Kurihara et al. (1989) J.
Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13(Suppl. 5): S13-S17; Doherty (1992) J.
Med. Chem. 35: 1493-1508; Morel et al. (1989) Eur. J. Pharmacol.
167: 427-428). More detailed knowledge of the function and
structure of the endothelin peptide family should provide insight
in the progression and treatment of such conditions.
[0026] To aid in gaining further understanding of and to develop
treatments for endothelin-mediated or related disorders, there is a
need to identify compounds that modulate or alter endothelin
activity. Identification of compounds that modulate endothelin
activity, such as those that act as specific antagonists or
agonists, may not only aid in elucidating the function of
endothelin, but may yield in therapeutically useful compounds. In
particular, compounds that specifically interfere with the
interaction of endothelin peptides with the ET.sub.A or ET.sub.B
receptors should be useful in identifying essential characteristics
of endothelin peptides, should aid in the design of therapeutic
agents, and may be useful as disease specific therapeutic agents.
As noted above, many of the compounds, particularly the sulfonamide
compounds, are potent endothelin antagonists, and, thus, are ideal
clinical candidates. For clinical use, potent compounds optimized
for in vivo activity as well as stable formulations and suitable
formulations for various routes of administration are needed.
[0027] Therefore, it is an object herein to provide compounds that
have the ability to modulate the biological activity of one or more
of the endothelin isopeptides and that exhibit in vivo. It is
another object to provide compounds that have use as specific
endothelin antagonists in vivo. It is also an object to use
compounds that specifically interact with or inhibit the
interaction of endothelin peptides with ET.sub.A receptors. It is
also an object herein to provide formulations of such compounds
useful for treatment of endothelin-mediated diseases. These
compounds should be useful as therapeutic agents for the treatment
of endothelin-mediated diseases and disorders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0028] Sulfonamides, formulations of sulfonamides and methods for
modulating the interaction of an endothelin peptide with ET.sub.A
and/or ET.sub.3 receptors are provided. In particular,
sulfonamides, formulations of sulfonamides and methods for
inhibiting the binding of an endothelin peptide to ET.sub.A or
ET.sub.B receptors are provided. The sulfonamides are substituted
or unsubstituted thienyl, furanyl and pyrrolyl sulfonamides.
[0029] Particularly preferred sulfonamides are N-isoxazolyl
thiophene sulfonamides where the thiophene is substituted with an
aryl group, preferably a phenyl group, which has only one or two
hydrogen substituents. These compounds appear to exhibit superior
potency, efficacy, bioavailability, in vivo half-life and/or
stability compared with compounds where the aryl group has more
than two hydrogen substituents, while avoiding toxicological
effects associated with hydrophobicity. In addition, these
compounds appear to exhibit good profiles in standard in vitro
toxicity tests.
[0030] It has been found that for in vivo administration, it is
desirable to achieve the proper degree of hydrophilicity, which
reduces potential hemolytic properties of the compounds. It has
been found herein, for example, that this is achieved if the aryl
group is tetra-, penta- or hexasubstituted, preferably
pentasubstituted. If the aryl group is tetrasubstituted, it will
preferably be substituted at the 2, 4 and 6 positions, and one of
these substituents will be a polar group, such as hydroxyl,
acetoxy, carboxyl and carboxamide. Such substitution enhances the
endothelin antagonist activity and the hydrophilicity of the
compounds. If the aryl group is substituted at the 2, 4 and 6
positions with nonpolar groups, such as alkyl groups, more
specifically methyl groups, then the aryl group will preferably be
penta- or hexasubstituted. In pentasubstituted aryl groups, the
fifth substituent will be at the 3 position and will preferably be
a polar group, such as hydroxyl, acetoxy, carboxyl and carboxamide.
Such substitution is preferred to achieve highest levels of
activity for therapeutic use.
[0031] Such substitution provides compounds with good
bioavailability, long in vivo half-life, and/or good in vivo
efficacy. In view of the disclosure herein, other such optimal
substituent patterns and substituents can be determined empirically
using suitable animal models.
[0032] The sulfonamides, including pharmaceutically acceptable
salts, acids, esters and other derivatives thereof, have the
formula: (A): 1
[0033] in which Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or
heteroaryl group with one or more substituents, including an alkyl
group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a nitro group, an
amino group or a halide or is an alkyl group. In particular,
Ar.sup.1 is alkyl or is a five or six membered substituted or
unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, particularly 3- or
5- isoxazolyl and pyridazinyl, and also including thiazolyl,
including 2-thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl, including 2-pyrimidinyl, or
substituted benzene groups, including aryloxy substituted benzene
groups or is a bicyclic or tricyclic carbon or heterocyclic ring.
Preferred formulations of these compounds contain sodium salts of
the compounds.
[0034] Among the compounds of interest herein are those in which
Ar.sup.2 has the formula: 2
[0035] in which M is (CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)NH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.su- b.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,C.dbd.N(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.dbd.CH).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r, CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
CH(CH.sub.3)C(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.r, (CH.sub.2).sub.rO, (CH.sub.2)S(O).sub.n wherein n
is 0-2, C(O)O, in which m, s and r are each independently 0 to 6,
preferably 0 to 3, more preferably M is
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)NH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.su- b.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.mC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.sNH(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.m(CH.dbd.CH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
C.dbd.N(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r, CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.r,
(CH.sub.2).sub.r, (CH.sub.2).sub.rO, (CH.sub.2)S(O).sub.n,
C(O)O;
[0036] R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each
independently selected from (i) or (ii) as follows:
[0037] (i) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each
independently selected from among H, OH, NHR.sup.38,
CONR.sup.38R.sup.39, NO.sub.2, cyano, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl,
alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkylamino,
alkylthio, haloalkyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl,
alkylcarbonyl, alkenylthio, alkenylamino, alkenyloxy, alkenyl
sulfinyl, alkenylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl,
alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (alkyl-aminocarbonyl)alkyl,
acetoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyalkenyl,
alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, cyanoalkyl, acetyl, acetoxyalkyl,
hydroxyalkyl, alkyoxyalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, (acetoxy)alkoxy,
(hydroxy)alkoxy, formyl, sulfonyl chlorides, amino acids, hexoses,
O-glycosides, riboses, lower alkyl, CN,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)(CH.sub.2).- sub.x, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x,
(CH.sub.2).sub.xN-lower alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)NH.sub.2, a
D-, L- or racemic amino acid, a primary or secondary amide,
O-glycoside, a hexose or ribose, --S(O).sub.2NH.sub.2, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acetoxyalkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH--, CO.sub.2-lower alkyl, CN, heteroaryl,
--COC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.3, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xN(CH.-
sub.3).sub.2, a sulfonyl chloride, S(O).sub.2NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl,
alkylheteroaryl, C(O)NHR.sup.50, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH,
--C(O)N(H)N(H)M, or;
[0038] (ii) at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and
R.sup.5, which substitute adjacent carbons on the ring, together
form alkylenedioxy, alkylenethioxyoxy or alkylenedithioxy (i.e.
--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--O--, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.n--O--,
--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.n--S--, where n is 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2,)
which is unsubstituted or substituted by replacing one or more
hydrogens with halide, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy or halo loweralkyl,
and the others of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5
are selected as in (i).
[0039] In preferred embodiments herein, at least four of R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are not hydrogen, unless:
[0040] (a) R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are alkyl and R.sup.5 is R.sup.20,
which is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl,
heterocycle, OH, CN, C(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH,
S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2, a D, L or racemic amino acid,
a ribose or hexose, an O-glycoside, a sulfonyl chloride,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, NHOH, NR.sup.12R.sup.16, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3,
OR.sup.16, R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and CONR.sup.12R.sup.16, then
R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 may be H; or
[0041] (b) when M is --CONHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)--, then R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may all be H;
[0042] (c) when M is --COCHR.sup.6--, Ar.sup.1 is not an
isoxazolyl, R.sup.1 is alkyl, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 form
alkylenedioxy, then R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 may be H;
[0043] R.sup.38 and R.sup.39 are each independently selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, haloalkyl alkylaryl,
heterocycle, arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl, and is preferably hydrogen,
loweralkyl, loweralkoxy and lowerhaloalkyl;
[0044] X is S, O or NR.sup.11, where R.sup.11 contains up to about
30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 6 and is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,
cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.15 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.15 in which n is
0-2; R.sup.15 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl; R.sup.11 and R.sup.15 are unsubstituted
or are substituted with one or more substituents each selected
independently from Z, which as defined herein includes hydrogen,
halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, amino
acids, primary and secondary amides, O-glycosides, hexoses,
riboses, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl,
aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, OH, CN,
C(O)R.sup.16, OC(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16,
SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2, NHOH, NR.sup.12R.sup.16,
NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16, R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and
CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
aryl, alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, chloride, NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl,
alkylheteroaryl, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH; R.sup.50 is a substituent
such as hydrogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy; R.sup.12, which is
selected independently from R.sup.11 and Z, is selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocycle,
aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl,
C(O)R.sup.17 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is 0-2; R.sup.17 is
hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocycle,
aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl;
R.sup.12 and R.sup.16 may together form alkylene; each of R.sup.11,
R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 may be further substituted with the
any of the appropriate groups of those set forth for Z.
[0045] In all compounds, at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.5 is
other than hydrogen.
[0046] X is preferably S, and M is preferably selected from among:
3
[0047] in which R.sup.40 is preferably hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy,
alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, and more preferably loweralkyl,
loweralkoxy, or halo loweralkyl, and is more preferably hydrogen or
loweralkyl, particularly methyl or ethyl, and is most preferably
hydrogen.
[0048] In more preferred compounds, M is C(O)CH.sub.2, C(O)NH,
--CH.dbd.CH--, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C(O)(CH).sub.2,
CH.sub.2CHC(O)CH.sub.2, and M is most preferably selected from
among: 4
[0049] Ar.sup.2 most preferably has formula: 5
[0050] in which W is most preferably CH.sub.2 or NH.
[0051] In all embodiments, the selected compounds preferably are
not selected from the group consisting of:
[0052]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0053]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0054]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0055]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0056]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0057]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonyl-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0058]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-trim-
ethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0059]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0060]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0061]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
acetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0062]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0063]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0064]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonyl-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0065]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-trim-
ethylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0066]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0067]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0068]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,4-trime-
thoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0069]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyph-
enylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0070]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-2,3,4-trime-
thoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0071]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-2,3,4-trimethox-
yphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0072]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,4-trim-
ethoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0073]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyano-2,3,4-trimethoxypheny-
laminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0074]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyphen-
ylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0075]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyphen-
ylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0076]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-2,3,4-trime-
thoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0077]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-2,3,4-trimethoxyph-
enylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0078]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-2,3,4-trime-
thoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0079]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-2,3,4-trimethox-
yphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0080]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3,4-trim-
ethoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0081]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0082]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0083]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0084]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-3,4-(methylenediox-
y)-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0085]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0086]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-3,4-(methylened-
ioxy)-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0087]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-(methy-
lenedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0088]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
2-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0089]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,6-dimethyl-3,4-(methylenedi-
oxy)phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0090]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0091]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0092]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-3,4-(methylenediox-
y)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0093]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0094]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-3,4-(methylened-
ioxy)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0095]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-(methy-
lenedioxy)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0096]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0097]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxy-3,4-(methylenedioxy-
)-2-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0098]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
6-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0099]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
6-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0100]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-6-methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0101]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-6-methoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0102]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0103]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0104]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0105]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-3,4-(methylenediox-
y)-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0106]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0107]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-3,4-(methylened-
ioxy)-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0108]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-(methy-
lenedioxy)-2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0109]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
2-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0110]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,6-dimethyl-3,4-(methylenedi-
oxy)phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0111]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0112]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxycarbonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0113]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-carboxyl-3,4-(methylenediox-
y)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0114]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methanesulfonyl-3,4-(methyl-
enedioxy)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0115]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyanomethyl-3,4-(methylened-
ioxy)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0116]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-(methy-
lenedioxy)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0117]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0118]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(6-methoxy-3,4-(methylenedioxy-
)-2-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0119]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
6-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0120]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-cyano-3,4-(methylenedioxy)--
6-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0121]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-6-methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0122]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-acetyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-
-6-methoxyphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0123]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,6-bis(cyanomethyl)-3,4-(met-
hylenedioxy)phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
[0124] Thus, subject to the above proviso, the preferred
sulfonamides or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, acids and esters
thereof, of formula (A) have formula I: 6
[0125] or pharmaceutically acceptable acids, esters and salts
thereof, where Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted
monocyclic or polycyclic, preferably a monocyclic or fused
bicyclic, aryl or heteroaryl group with one or more substituents,
selected from, for example, H, NH.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide,
alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, an aromatic or heteroaromatic group,
alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino, alkylthio, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy,
arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl, haloaryl, carbonyl, in which the
aryl and alkyl portions, are unsubstituted or substituted with any
of the preceding groups, and straight or branched chains of from
about 1 up to about 10-12 carbons, preferably, 1 to about 5 or 6
carbons. The substituents are preferably H, NH.sub.2, halide,
CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3O or another aromatic group, and the sulfonamides
are preferably the thiophene-3-sulfonamides. R.sup.1-R.sup.5 are as
defined above.
[0126] In particular, Ar.sup.1 is a five or six membered
substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or a
fused bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or
heteroaromatic ring, preferably an isoxazolyl, pyridazinyl,
thiazolyl, pyrimidinyl or phenyl groups and particularly 3- or
5-isoxazolyl, benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 2-pyrazinyl or
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-4-yl;
[0127] W is .dbd.C(halo).sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x--, .dbd.N(lower
alkyl), --C(O)--, .dbd.C(lower alkyl).sub.2, --NH--,
.dbd.NCOR.sup.16, --NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)--,
.dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16 or .dbd.CHR.sup.6; x is 0-3; R.sup.1,
R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each selected
independently from Z, as defined above, or any two may form a ring
containing two or more heteroatoms; and
[0128] R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl,
preferably H or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more
preferably H, methyl or carboxymethyl.
[0129] In all embodiments, X is preferably S.
[0130] Ar.sup.1 is preferably an isoxazolyl of formula: 7
[0131] in which R.sup.A and R.sup.B are either (i), (ii) or (iii)
as follows:
[0132] (i) R.sup.A and R.sup.B are each independently selected from
H, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkylamino,
alkylthio, alkyloxy, haloalkyl, alkylsufinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, arylsufinyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl,
haloaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, formyl, substituted or unsubstituted amido,
substituted or unsubstituted ureido, in which the alkyl, alkenyl
and alkynyl portions contain from 1 up to about 14 carbon atoms and
are either straight or branched chains or cyclic, and the aryl
portions contain from about 4 to about 16 carbons, except that
R.sup.2 is not halide or pseudohalide; or,
[0133] (ii) R.sup.A and R.sup.B together form --(CH.sub.2).sub.n,
where n is 3 to 6; or,
[0134] (iii) R.sup.A and R.sup.B together form 1,3-butadienyl.
[0135] In preferred embodiments herein, R.sup.A and R.sup.B are
each selected independently from among alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower
alkynyl, lower haloalkyl, halide, pseudohalide or H, except that
R.sup.B is not halide.
[0136] Preferred compounds herein are selected with the provisos
that when Ar.sup.1 is an isoxazolyl, particularly
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl and W is --NH--:
[0137] (a) if R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are methyl, and R.sup.4
is H; then R.sup.2 is not cyanomethyl, hydroxymethyl, cyano,
methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, methanesulfonyl, 2-hydroxyethyl;
[0138] (b) if R.sup.1 is methoxy or is methyl when R.sup.2 and
R.sup.3 together form methylenedioxy, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are
methoxy or together form methylenedioxy, and R.sup.4 is H; then
R.sup.5 is not methyl, cyano, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl,
methanesulfonyl, cyanomethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, and is not methoxy
when R.sup.1 is methyl;
[0139] (c) if R.sup.1 is cyano or acetyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
together form methylenedioxy, and R.sup.4 is H; then R.sup.5 is not
methyl or methoxy;
[0140] (d) if R.sup.1 is cyanomethyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together
form methylenedioxy, and R.sup.4 is H; then R.sup.5 is not
cyanomethyl;
[0141] and with the additional provisos that when Ar.sup.1 is
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl and W is --CH.sub.2--:
[0142] (a) if R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are methyl, and R.sup.4
is H; then R.sup.2 is not cyanomethyl, hydroxymethyl, cyano,
methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, methanesulfonyl, 2-hydroxyethyl;
[0143] (b) if R.sup.1 is methoxy when R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are
methoxy or together form methylenedioxy, or is methyl when R.sup.2
and R.sup.3 together form methylenedioxy, and R.sup.4 is H; then
R.sup.5 is not: (i) methyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl,
methanesulfonyl, cyanomethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, and additionally
(ii) is not methoxy or cyano when R.sup.1 is methyl, and (iii) is
not cyano when R.sup.1 is methoxy and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together
form methylenedioxy;
[0144] (c) if R.sup.1 is cyano or acetyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3
together form methylenedioxy, and R.sup.4 is H; then R.sup.5 is not
methyl or methoxy.
[0145] In one embodiment, the sulfonamides and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, acids and esters thereof have formula II: 8
[0146] where Ar.sup.1 is as defined above and R.sup.7 is R.sup.1,
R.sup.8 is R.sup.3, R.sup.9 is R.sup.4 and R.sup.10 is R.sup.5. In
particular, Ar.sup.2 is a five or six membered substituted or
unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or a fused bicyclic
substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring,
preferably 3- or 5-isoxazolyl, benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl,
2-pyrazinyl or benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, more preferably
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl or 4-chloro-5-methyl-3-iso- xazolyl;
W is --NH--, .dbd.NCOR.sup.16, .dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)-- or is --CH.sub.2-- when R.sup.9 is
hydroxyl.
[0147] In preferred of these embodiments, R.sup.9 is selected from
the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl,
hydroxyl, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy, OC(O)R.sup.16,
OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, NR.sup.12R.sup.16 and S(O)NR.sup.16 in which n
is 0-2, preferably alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl,
dialkylaminoalkyl, alkylsulfonylamino and aminosulfonyl with the
proviso that, when W is --NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)--, then R.sup.7,
R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 can be H.
[0148] R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are preferably alkyl,
haloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl containing 1 to 2 double bonds,
alkynyl containing 1 to 2 triple bonds, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl,
more preferably lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, or aryl,
most preferably methyl. The sulfonamides are preferably
thiophene-3-sulfonamides.
[0149] In certain embodiments of formula (II), the compounds are
selected with the proviso that when Ar.sup.1 is
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl and W is --NH--:
[0150] if R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are methyl; then R.sup.9 is
not cyanomethyl, hydroxymethyl, cyano, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl,
methanesulfonyl, or 2-hydroxyethyl;
[0151] if R.sup.10 is methoxy or is methyl when R.sup.8 and R.sup.9
together form methylenedioxy and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are methoxy or
together form methylenedioxy; then R.sup.7is not methyl, cyano,
acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, methanesulfonyl, cyanomethyl or
2-hydroxyethyl, and is not methoxy when R.sup.10 is methyl;
[0152] if R.sup.10 is cyano or acetyl and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9
together form methylenedioxy; then R.sup.7 is not methyl or
methoxy; and
[0153] if R.sup.10 is cyanomethyl and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 together
form methylenedioxy; then R.sup.7 is not cyanomethyl;
[0154] and with the additional proviso that R.sup.7, R.sup.8,
R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 may be H when W is
--NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)--.
[0155] In more preferred embodiments, the sulfonamides of formula
II are those in which R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 do not
contain cyano groups and W is not --CH.sub.2--. These compounds are
among those preferred because, among other properties, they appear
to exhibit improved toxicological profiles relative to other
compounds of formula II.
[0156] In another embodiment of formula (A), the sulfonamides have
formulae III: 9
[0157] where Ar.sup.1 is as define above. Ar.sup.1 is a five or six
membered substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic
ring or a fused bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or
heteroaromatic ring, preferably 3- or 5-isoxazolyl,
benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 2-pyrazinyl or
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl;
[0158] X is preferably S;
[0159] each G and R is independently selected from lower alkyl, CN,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.x, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x,
(CH.sub.2).sub.xN-lower alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)NH.sub.2, a
D-, L- or racemic amino acid, a primary or secondary amide,
O-glycoside, a hexose or ribose, --S(O).sub.2NH.sub.2, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acetoxyalkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH--, CO.sub.2-lower alkyl, CN, heteroaryl,
--COC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xN(CH.sub.3).sub.2, a sulfonyl chloride,
S(O).sub.2NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, C(O)NHR.sup.50,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, --C(O)N(H)N(H)M; M is H or R.sup.50; R' is
selected from hydrogen, G and R; W is .dbd.C(halo).sub.2,
.dbd.N(H), --(CH.sub.2).sub.x--, .dbd.N(lower alkyl), --C(O)--,
.dbd.C(lower alkyl).sub.2; and x is 0-3.
[0160] In another embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula IV:
10
[0161] where:
[0162] Ar.sup.1 is defined as above, except when R.sup.6 is H, then
Ar.sup.1 is not 4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl,
4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxa- zolyl or 3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazoly.
Ar.sup.1 is preferably benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl or
2-methoxy-3-pyrazinyl when R.sup.6 is H; and R.sup.6 is H, or
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, preferably H or
substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more preferably methyl or
carboxymethyl.
[0163] In other embodiments of formula (IV), Ar.sup.1 is preferably
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl or 2-methoxy-3-pyrazinyl when R.sup.6 is
H and
[0164] R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl,
preferably H or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more
preferably methyl or carboxymethyl.
[0165] In another embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula V:
11
[0166] where Ar.sup.1 is defined as above and is preferably
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl; W is NH; and R.sup.20 is selected
from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, OH, CN,
C(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n
is 0-2, a D, L or racemic amino acid, a ribose or hexose, an
O-glycoside, a sulfonyl chloride, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, NHOH,
NR.sup.12R.sup.16, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16,
R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl,
aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.12 is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,
cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.17 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is
0-2; R.sup.17 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
or cycloalkynyl; each of R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 may be
further substituted with the any of the groups set forth for Z;
R.sup.20 is preferably CONH.sup.2, COOH, or phenyl.
[0167] Of the compounds described herein, those that inhibit or
increase an endothelin-mediated activity by about 50% at
concentrations of less than about 10 .mu.M are preferred. More
preferred are those that inhibit or increase an endothelin-mediated
activity by about 50% at concentrations of less than about 1 .mu.M,
more preferably less than about 0.1 .mu.M, even more preferably
less than about 0.01 .mu.M, and most preferably less than about
0.001 .mu.M. It is noted that, as described below, the IC.sub.50
concentration determined in the in vitro assays is a non-linear
function of incubation temperature. The preferred values recited
herein refer to the assays that are performed at 4.degree. C. When
the assays are performed at 24.degree. C., somewhat higher (see,
Table 1) IC.sub.50 concentrations are observed. Accordingly, the
preferred IC.sub.50 concentrations are about 10-fold higher.
Furthermore, among these compounds, those that exhibit the greatest
bioavailability and stability, as determined using standard animal
models
[0168] Also among the most preferred compounds for use in methods
provided herein, are those that are ET.sub.A selective, i.e., they
interact with ET.sub.A receptors at substantially lower
concentrations (at an IC.sub.50 at least about 10-fold lower,
preferably 100-fold lower) than they interact with ET.sub.B
receptors. In particular, compounds that interact with ET.sub.A
with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 10 .mu.M, preferably less than
1 .mu.M, more preferably less than 0.1 .mu.M, but with ET.sub.B
with an IC.sub.50 of greater than about 10 .mu.M or compounds that
interact with ET.sub.B with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 10
.mu.M, preferably less than 1 .mu.M, more preferably less than 0.1
.mu.M, but with ET.sub.A with an IC.sub.50 of greater than about 10
.mu.M are preferred.
[0169] Also of interest are any pharmaceutically-acceptable
derivatives, including salts, esters, acids and bases, solvates,
hydrates and prodrugs of the sulfonamides. Preferred are
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, including, but not limited to,
amine salts, such as but not limited to
N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, ammonia,
diethanolamine and other hydroxyalkylamines, ethylenediamine,
N-methylglucamine, procaine, N-benzylphenethylamine,
1-parachlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolidin-1'-ylmethylbenzimidazole,
diethylamine and other alkylamines, piperazine,
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, alkali metal salts, such as but
not limited to lithium, potassium and sodium, alkali earth metal
salts, such as but not limited to barium, calcium and magnesium,
transition metal salts, such as but not limited to zinc and other
metal salts, such as but not limited to sodium hydrogen phosphate
and disodium phosphate, preferably sodium salts, more preferably
the sodium salt, and also including, but not limited to, salts of
mineral acids, such as but not limited to hydrochlorides and
sulfates, salts of organic acids, such as but not limited to
acetates, lactates, malates, tartrates, citrates, ascorbates,
succinates, butyrates, valerates and fumarates. Alkali metal salts,
particularly sodium salts, are preferred herein. Most preferred
salts are sodium salts.
[0170] Pharmaceutical formulations for administration by an
appropriate route and means containing effective concentrations of
one or more of the compounds provided herein or pharmaceutically
acceptable salts, esters, acids and bases, solvates, hydrates and
prodrugs of the sulfonamides, preferably salts, more preferably
sodium salts, including but not limited to sodium salts and sodium
hydrogen phosphate salts, most preferably the sodium salt, thereof
that deliver amounts effective for the treatment of hypertension,
stroke, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac diseases including
myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension,
erythropoietin-mediated hypertension, respiratory
diseases,inflammatory diseases, including asthma,
bronchoconstriction, ophthalmologic diseases including glaucoma and
inadequate retinal perfusion, gastroenteric diseases, renal
failure, endotoxin shock, menstrual disorders, obstetric
conditions, wounds, anaphylactic shock, hemorrhagic shock, and
other diseases in which endothelin mediated physiological responses
are implicated or that involve vasoconstriction or whose symptoms
can be ameliorated by administration of an endothelin antagonist or
agonist, are also provided.
[0171] The formulations are compositions suitable for
administration by any desired route and include solutions,
suspensions, emulsions, tablets, dispersible tablets, pills,
capsules, powders, dry powders for inhalation, sustained release
formulations, aerosols for nasal and respiratory delivery, patches
for transdermal delivery and any other suitable route. The
compositions should be suitable for oral administration, parenteral
administration by injection, including subcutaneously,
intramuscularly or intravenously as an injectable aqueous or oily
solution or emulsion, transdermal administration and other selected
routes.
[0172] Lyophilized powders of the sulfonamide derivatives, methods
for preparation thereof, and formulations containing reconstituted
forms of the lyophilized powders are also provided. Vials and
ampules and syringes and other suitable vessels containing the
powders are also provided.
[0173] Preferred formulations include a sterile lyophilized powder
containing pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, preferably sodium
salts, more preferably a sodium salt, of a sulfonamide, and also
include capsules and tablets. Particularly preferred formulations
are those that deliver amounts effective for the treatment of
hypertension or renal failure. The effective amounts and
concentrations are effective for ameliorating any of the symptoms
of any of the disorders.
[0174] In one embodiment, the formulations are lyophilized solids
containing one or more salts, preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate
or sodium salts, more preferably sodium salts, of one or more
sulfonamide compounds of formula I and also contain one or more of
the following: a buffer, such as sodium or potassium phosphate, or
citrate; a solubilizing agent, such as LABRASOL (polyethylene
glycol-8 caprylic capric glycerides sold by Gattefosse SA, France),
DMSO, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, ethanol, propyleneglycol (PG),
or polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP); and a sugar or other carbohydrate,
such as sorbitol or dextrose.
[0175] In other embodiments, the formulations are solid dosage
forms, preferably capsules or tablets. In a preferred embodiment,
the formulations are solid dosage forms, preferably capsules or
tablets, containing 10-100%, preferably 50-95%, more preferably
75-85%, most preferably 80-85%, by weight, of one or more salts,
preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium salts, more
preferably the sodium salts, of one or more sulfonamide compounds
of formula I; about 0-25%, preferably 8-15%, of an excipient or a
binder, such as lactose or microcrystalline cellulose; about 0 to
10%, preferably about 3-7%, of a disintegrant, such as a modified
starch or cellulose polymer, particularly a cross-linked sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, such as crosscarmellose sodium
(Crosscarmellose sodium NF is available commercially under the name
AC-DI-SOL, FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa.) or sodium starch
glycolate; and 0-2% of a lubricant, such a magnesium stearate, talc
and calcium stearate. The disintegrant, such as crosscarmellose
sodium or sodium starch glycolate, provides for rapid break-up of
the cellulosic matrix for immediate release of active agent
following dissolution of coating polymer. In all embodiments, the
precise amount of active ingredient and auxiliary ingredients can
be determined empirically and is a function of the route of
administration and the disorder that is treated.
[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, the formulations are capsules
containing about 80-100%, preferably about 75-95%, more preferably
about 83%, of one or more sodium salts of one or more sulfonamide
compounds of formula I; about 0-15%, preferably about 11% of an
excipient or a binder, such as lactose or microcrystalline
cellulose; about 0-10%, preferably about 5% of a disintegrant, such
as crosscarmellose sodium or sodium starch glycolate; and about 0
to 5%, preferably about 1% of a lubricant, such as magnesium
stearate. Solid forms for administration as tablets are also
contemplated herein. It is understood that precise amounts and
composition thereof can be empirically determined by the skilled
artisan.
[0177] Methods using such formulations for modulating the
interaction of an endothelin peptide with ET.sub.A and/or ET.sub.B
receptors are provided. The methods are effected by contacting the
receptors with one or more of the formulated
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the sulfonamides, preferably
formulated sodium salts of the sulfonamides, prior to,
simultaneously with, or subsequent to contacting the receptors with
an endothelin peptide.
[0178] Methods for inhibiting binding of an endothelin peptide to
an endothelin receptor are provided. These methods are practiced by
contacting the receptor with one or more of the compounds or one or
more of the formulations of pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of
the compounds provided herein simultaneously, prior to, or
subsequent to contacting the receptor with an endothelin
peptide.
[0179] Methods for treatment of endothelin-mediated disorders,
including, but not limited to, hypertension, asthma, shock, ocular
hypertension, glaucoma, inadequate retinal perfusion and other
conditions that are in some manner mediated by an endothelin
peptide, or for treatment of disorder that involve vasoconstriction
or that are ameliorated by administration of an endothelin
antagonist or agonist are provided.
[0180] In particular, methods of treating endothelin-mediated
disorders by administering effective amounts of the sulfonamides,
prodrugs or other suitable derivatives of the sulfonamides are
provided. In particular, methods for treating endothelin-mediated
disorders, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cardiac
diseases including myocardial infarction, pulmonary hypertension,
erythropoietin-mediated hypertension, respiratory diseases and
inflammatory diseases, including asthma, bronchoconstriction,
ophthalmologic diseases, gastroenteric diseases, renal failure,
endotoxin shock, menstrual disorders, obstetric conditions, wounds,
anaphylactic shock, hemorrhagic shock, and other diseases in which
endothelin mediated physiological responses are implicated, by
administering effective amounts of one or more of the compounds
provided herein in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are
provided. Preferred methods of treatment are methods for treatment
of hypertension and renal failure.
[0181] More preferred methods of treatment are those in which the
formulations contain at least one compound that inhibits the
interaction of endothelin-1 with ET.sub.A receptors at an IC.sub.50
of less than about 10 .mu.M, and preferably less than about 5
.mu.M, more preferably less than about 1 .mu.M, even more
preferably less than 0.1 .mu.M, and most preferably less than 0.05
.mu.M Other preferred methods are those in which the formulations
contain pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of one or more compounds
that is (are) ET.sub.A selective or pharmaceutically-acceptable
salts of one or more compounds that is (are) ET.sub.B selective.
Methods in which the compounds are ET.sub.A selective are for
treatment of disorders, such as hypertension; and methods in which
the compounds are ET.sub.B selective are for treatment of
disorders, such as asthma, that require bronchodilation.
[0182] In practicing the methods, effective amounts of formulations
containing therapeutically effective concentrations of the
compounds formulated for oral, intravenous, local and topical
application for the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular
diseases, cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction,
respiratory diseases, including asthma, inflammatory diseases,
ophthalmologic diseases, gastroenteric diseases, renal failure,
immunosuppressant-mediated renal vasoconstriction,
erythropoietin-mediated vasoconstriction, endotoxin shock,
anaphylactic shock, hemorrhagic shock, pulmonary hypertension, and
other diseases in which endothelin mediated physiological responses
are implicated are administered to an individual exhibiting the
symptoms of one or more of these disorders. The amounts are
effective to ameliorate or eliminate one or more symptoms of the
disorders.
[0183] Methods for the identification and isolation of endothelin
receptor subtypes are also provided. In particular, methods for
detecting, distinguishing and isolating endothelin receptors using
the disclosed compounds are provided. In particular, methods are
provided for detecting, distinguishing and isolating endothelin
receptors using the compounds provided herein.
[0184] In addition, methods for identifying compounds that are
suitable for use in treating particular diseases based on their
preferential affinity for a particular endothelin receptor subtype
are also provided.
[0185] Articles of manufacture containing packaging material, a
compound provided herein, which is effective for ameliorating the
symptoms of an endothelin-mediated disorder, antagonizing the
effects of endothelin or inhibiting binding of an endothelin
peptide to an ET receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less than about 10
.mu.M, within the packaging material, and a label that indicates
that the compound or formulated pharmaceutically-acceptable salt
thereof is used for antagonizing the effects of endothelin,
treating an endothelin-mediated disorder, or inhibiting the binding
of an endothelin peptide to an ET receptor are provided.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Definitions
[0186] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms
used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one
of skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All patents
and publications referred to herein are incorporated by
reference.
[0187] As used herein, endothelin (ET) peptides include peptides
that have substantially the amino acid sequence of endothelin-1,
endothelin-2 or endothelin-3 and that act as potent endogenous
vasoconstrictor peptides.
[0188] As used herein, an endothelin-mediated condition is a
condition that is caused by abnormal endothelin activity or one in
which compounds that inhibit endothelin activity have therapeutic
use. Such diseases include, but are not limited to hypertension,
cardiovascular disease, asthma, inflammatory diseases,
ophthalmologic disease, menstrual disorders, obstetric conditions,
gastroenteric disease, renal failure, pulmonary hypertension,
endotoxin shock, anaphylactic shock, or hemorrhagic shock.
Endothelin-mediated conditions also include conditions that result
from therapy with agents, such as erythropoietin and
immunosuppressants, that elevate endothelin levels.
[0189] As used herein an effective amount of a compound for
treating a particular disease is an amount that is sufficient to
ameliorate, or in some manner reduce the symptoms associated with
the disease. Such amount may be administered as a single dosage or
may be administered according to a regimen, whereby it is
effective. The amount may cure the disease but, typically, is
administered in order to ameliorate the symptoms of the disease.
Typically, repeated administration is required to achieve the
desired amelioration of symptoms.
[0190] As used herein, an endothelin agonist is a compound that
potentiates or exhibits a biological activity associated with or
possessed by an endothelin peptide.
[0191] As used herein, an endothelin antagonist is a compound, such
as a drug or an antibody, that inhibits endothelin-stimulated
vasoconstriction and contraction and other endothelin-mediated
physiological responses. The antagonist may act by interfering with
the interaction of the endothelin with an endothelin-specific
receptor or by interfering with the physiological response to or
bioactivity of an endothelin isopeptide, such as vasoconstriction.
Thus, as used herein, an endothelin antagonist interferes with
endothelin-stimulated vasoconstriction or other response or
interferes with the interaction of an endothelin with an
endothelin-specific receptor, such as ET.sub.A receptors, as
assessed by assays known to those of skill in the art.
[0192] The effectiveness of potential agonists and antagonists can
be assessed using methods known to those of skill in the art. For
example, endothelin agonist activity can be identified by its
ability to stimulate vasoconstriction of isolated rat thoracic
aorta or portal vein ring segments (Borges et al. (1989) "Tissue
selectivity of endothelin" Eur. J. Pharmacol. 165: 223-230).
Endothelin antagonist activity can be assessed by the ability to
interfere with endothelin-induced vasoconstriction. Exemplary
assays are set forth in the EXAMPLES. As noted above, the preferred
IC.sub.50 concentration ranges are set forth with reference to
assays in which the test compound is incubated with the ET
receptor-bearing cells at 4.degree. C. Data presented for assays in
which the incubation step is performed at the less preferred
24.degree. C. are identified. It is understood that for purposes of
comparison, these concentrations are somewhat higher than the
concentrations determined at 4.degree. C.
[0193] As used herein, bioavailability refers to the rate and
extent of absorption. Methods for determining bioavailability are
well known to those of skill in the art. For example,
bioavailability of any of the compounds described herein can be
determined empirically by administration of the compound to an
animal, followed by taking blood samples over time and measuring
the blood concentration of the compound. In vivo half life
(t.sub.1/2) is defined as the time it takes for the concentration
of the compound in the blood to be reduced by one-half. Estimations
of the area under the curve for intravenous administration can be
used to estimate the area under the curve for oral administration,
yielding bioavailability data. See, e.g., Milo Gibal (1991)
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacology, 4th edition (Lea and
Sediger).
[0194] As used herein, efficacy refers to the maximal effect that
can be produced by a compound. Efficacy can be determined by
methods known to those of skill in the art. For example, it can be
determined by the properties of the compound and its
receptor-effector system and is reflected in the plateau of the
concentration-effect curve. In vivo efficacy refers to efficacy
which is determined in an animal model. For example, in vivo
efficacy of the compounds described herein can be determined by
hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rat. See, e.g., DiCarlo
et al. (1995) Am. J. Physiol. 269:L690-L697.
[0195] As used herein, the biological activity or bioactivity of
endothelin includes any activity induced, potentiated or influenced
by endothelin in vivo. It also includes the ability to bind to
particular receptors and to induce a functional response, such as
vasoconstriction. It may be assessed by In vivo assays or by in
vitro assays, such as those exemplified herein. The relevant
activities include, but are not limited to, vasoconstriction,
vasorelaxation and bronchodilation. For example, ET.sub.B receptors
appear to be expressed in vascular endothelial cells and may
mediate vasodilation and other such responses; whereas ET.sub.A
receptors, which are endothelin-1-specific, occur on smooth muscle
and are linked to vasoconstriction Any assay known to those of
skill in the art to measure or detect such activity may be used to
assess such activity (see, e.g., Spokes et al. (1989) J.
Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13(Suppl. 5):S191-S192; Spinella et al.
(1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 7443-7446; Cardell et al.
(1991) Neurochem. Int. 18:571-574); and the Examples herein).
[0196] As used herein, the IC.sub.50 refers to an amount,
concentration or dosage of a particular test compound that achieves
a 50% inhibition of a maximal response, such as binding of
endothelin to tissue receptors, in an assay that measures such
response.
[0197] As used herein, EC.sub.50 refers to a dosage, concentration
or amount of a particular test compound that elicits a
dose-dependent response at 50% of maximal expression of a
particular response that is induced, provoked or potentiated by the
particular test compound.
[0198] As used herein a sulfonamide that is ET.sub.A selective
refers to sulfonamides that exhibit an IC.sub.50 that is at least
about 10-fold lower with respect to ET.sub.A receptors than
ET.sub.B receptors.
[0199] As used herein, a sulfonamide that is ET.sub.B selective
refers to sulfonamides that exhibit an IC.sub.50 that is at least
about 10-fold lower with respect to ET.sub.B receptors than
ET.sub.A receptors.
[0200] As used herein, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters,
hydrates, solvates or other derivatives of the compounds include
any such salts, esters and other derivatives that may be prepared
by those of skill in this art using known methods for such
derivatization and that produce compounds that may be administered
to animals or humans without substantial toxic effects and that
either are pharmaceutically active or are prodrugs.
Pharmaceutically-acceptable salts include, but are not limited to,
salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, including but not
limited to sodium salts, potassium salts, lithium salts, calcium
salts and magnesium salts; transition metal salts, such as zinc
salts, copper salts and aluminum salts; polycationic counter ion
salts, such as but not limited to ammonium and substituted ammonium
salts and organic amine salts, such as hydroxyalkylamines and
alkylamines; salts of mineral acids, such as but not limited to
hydrochlorides and sulfates, salts of organic acids, such as but
not limited acetates, lactates, malates, tartrates, citrates,
ascorbates, succinates, butyrate, valerate and fumarates. Also
contemplated herein are the corresponding esters.
[0201] As used herein, reference to "sodium salts" refers to salts
of any sodium compounds in which the counter ion includes Na.sup.+
and can include other ions, such as HPO.sub.4.sup.2-; reference to
a "sodium salt" (rather than sodium salts) refers specifically to a
salt in which Na.sup.+ is the counter ion.
[0202] As used herein, treatment means any manner in which the
symptoms of a conditions, disorder or disease are ameliorated or
otherwise beneficially altered. Treatment also encompasses any
pharmaceutical use of the compositions herein, such as use as
contraceptive agents.
[0203] As used herein, treatment means any manner in which the
symptoms of a conditions, disorder or disease are ameliorated or
otherwise beneficially altered. Treatment also encompasses any
pharmaceutical use of the compositions herein, such as use as
contraceptive agents.
[0204] As used herein, amelioration of the symptoms of a particular
disorder by administration of a particular pharmaceutical
composition refers to any lessening, whether permanent or
temporary, lasting or transient that can be attributed to or
associated with administration of the composition.
[0205] As used herein, substantially pure means sufficiently
homogeneous to appear free of readily detectable impurities as
determined by standard methods of analysis, such as thin layer
chromatography (TLC), gel electrophoresis and high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC), used by those of skill in the art to
assess such purity, or sufficiently pure such that further
purification would not detectably alter the physical and chemical
properties, such as enzymatic and biological activities, of the
substance. Methods for purification of the compounds to produce
substantially chemically pure compounds are known to those of skill
in the art. A substantially chemically pure compound may, however,
be a mixture of stereoisomers. In such instances, further
purification might increase the specific activity of the
compound.
[0206] As used herein, biological activity refers to the in vivo
activities of a compound or physiological responses that result
upon in vivo administration of a compound, composition or other
mixture. Biological activity, thus, encompasses therapeutic effects
and pharmaceutical activity of such compounds, compositions and
mixtures.
[0207] As used herein, increased stability of a formulation means
that the percent of active component present in the formulation, as
determined by assays known to those of skill in the art, such as
high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and the
like, at a given period of time following preparation of the
formulation is significantly higher than the percent of active
component present in another formulation at the same period of time
following preparation of the formulation. In this case, the former
formulation is said to possess increased stability relative to the
latter formulation.
[0208] As used herein, a prodrug is a compound that, upon in vivo
administration, is metabolized or otherwise converted to the
biologically, pharmaceutically or therapeutically active form of
the compound. To produce a prodrug, the pharmaceutically active
compound is modified such that the active compound will be
regenerated by metabolic processes. The prodrug may be designed to
alter the metabolic stability or the transport characteristics of a
drug, to mask side effects or toxicity, to improve the flavor of a
drug or to alter other characteristics or properties of a drug. By
virtue of knowledge of pharmacodynamic processes and drug
metabolism in vivo, those of skill in this art, once a
pharmaceutically active compound is known, can design prodrugs of
the compound (see, e.g., Nogrady (1985) Medicinal Chemistry A
Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, pages
388-392). For example, succinyl-sulfathiazole is a prodrug of
4-amino-N-(2-thiazoyl)benzenesulfonamide (sulfathiazole) that
exhibits altered transport characteristics.
[0209] As used herein, acid isostere means a group that is
significantly ionized at physiological pH. Examples of suitable
acid isosteres include sulfo, phosphono, alkylsulfonylcarbamoyl,
tetrazolyl, arylsulfonylcarbamoyl or
heteroarylsulfonylcarbamoyl.
[0210] As used herein, halo or halide refers to the halogen atoms;
F, Cl, Br and I.
[0211] As used herein, pseudohalides are compounds that behave
substantially similar to halides. Such compounds can be used in the
same manner and treated in the same manner as halides (X.sup.-, in
which X is a halogen, such as Cl or Br). Pseudohalides include, but
are not limited to cyanide, cyanate, thiocyanate, selenocyanate and
azide.
[0212] As used herein, haloalkyl refers to a loweralkyl radical in
which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen
including, but not limited to, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl,
1-chloro-2-fluoroethyl and the like.
[0213] As used herein, alkyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
that is a straight or branched chain preferably having about 1 to
12 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups are loweralkyl
groups which are alkyls containing 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the
chain. Branched means that one or more loweralkyl groups such as
methyl, ethyl or propyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain. The
alkyl group may be unsubstituted or independently substituted by
one or more groups, such as, but not limited to: halo, carboxy,
formyl, sulfo, sulfino, carbamoyl, amino and imino. Exemplary alkyl
groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl,
carboxypropyl, sulfinoethyl and sulfoethyl.
[0214] As used herein the term lower describes alkyl, alkenyl and
alkynyl groups containing about 6 carbon atoms or fewer. It is also
used to describe aryl groups or heteroaryl groups that contain 6 or
fewer atoms in the ring. Loweralkyl, lower alkenyl, and lower
alkynyl refer to carbon chains having less than about 6 carbons. In
preferred embodiments of the compounds provided herein that include
alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl portions include loweralkyl, lower
alkenyl, and lower alkynyl portions.
[0215] As used herein, alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
containing a carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or
branched chained having from about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms in
the chain. Preferred alkenyl groups have 2 to about 4 carbon atoms
in the chain. Branched means that one or more loweralkyl or lower
alkenyl groups are attached to a linear alkenyl chain. The alkenyl
group may be unsubstituted or independently substituted by one or
more groups, such as halo, carboxy, formyl, sulfo, sulfino,
carbamoyl, amino and imino. Exemplary alkenyl groups include
ethenyl, propenyl, carboxyethenyl, carboxypropenyl, sulfinoethenyl
and sulfonoethenyl.
[0216] As used herein, alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group
containing a carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or
branched having about 2 to 10 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched
means that one or more loweralkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl groups are
attached to a linear alkynyl chain. An exemplary alkynyl group is
ethynyl.
[0217] As used herein, aryl means an aromatic monocyclic or
multicyclic hydrocarbon ring system containing from 3 to 15 or 16
carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 10. Aryl groups include, but are
not limited to groups, such as phenyl, substituted phenyl,
naphthyl, substituted naphthyl, in which the substituent is
loweralkyl, halogen, or lower alkoxy. Preferred aryl groups are
lower aryl groups that contain less than 7 carbons in the ring
structure.
[0218] As used herein, the nomenclature alkyl, alkoxy, carbonyl,
etc. are used as is generally understood by those of skill in this
art. For example, as used herein alkyl refers to saturated carbon
chains that contain one or more carbons; the chains may be straight
or branched or include cyclic portions or be cyclic. As used
herein, alicyclic refers to aryl groups that are cyclic.
[0219] As used herein, cycloalkyl refers to saturated cyclic carbon
chains; cycloalkenyl and cycloalkynyl refer to cyclic carbon chains
that include at least one unsaturated double or triple bond,
respectively. The cyclic portions of the carbon chains may include
one ring or two or more fused rings.
[0220] As used herein, cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclic
or multicyclic ring system containing a carbon-carbon double bond
and having about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms. Exemplary monocyclic
cycloalkenyl rings include cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl; preferred
is cyclohexenyl. An exemplary multicyclic cycloalkenyl ring is
norbornylenyl. The cycloalkenyl group may be independently
substituted by one or more halo or alkyl.
[0221] As used herein, "haloalkyl" refers to a loweralkyl radical
in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen
including, but not limited to, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl,
1-chloro-2-fluoroethyl and the like.
[0222] As used herein, "haloalkoxy" refers to RO-- in which R is a
haloalkyl group.
[0223] As used herein, "carboxamide" refers to groups of formula
R.sub.pCONH.sub.2 in which R is selected from alkyl or aryl,
preferably loweralkyl or lower aryl and p is 0 or 1.
[0224] As used herein, "alkylaminocarbonyl" refers to --C(O)NHR in
which R is hydrogen, alkyl, preferably loweralkyl or aryl,
preferably lower aryl.
[0225] As used herein "dialkylaminocarbonyl" as used herein refers
to --C(O)NR'R in which R' and R are independently selected from
alkyl or aryl, preferably loweralkyl or loweraryl; "carboxamide"
refers to groups of formula NR'COR.
[0226] As used herein, "alkoxycarbonyl" as used herein refers to
--C(O)OR in which R is alkyl, preferably loweralkyl or aryl,
preferably lower aryl.
[0227] As used herein, "alkoxy" and "thioalkoxy" refer to RO-- and
RS--, in which R is alkyl, preferably loweralkyl or aryl,
preferably lower aryl.
[0228] As used herein, "haloalkoxy" refers to RO-- in which R is a
haloalkyl group.
[0229] As used herein, "aminocarbonyl" refers to
--C(O)NH.sub.2.
[0230] As used herein, "alkylaminocarbonyl" refers to --C(O)NHR in
which R is alkyl, preferably loweralkyl or aryl, preferably lower
aryl.
[0231] As used herein, "alkoxycarbonyl" refers to --C(O)OR in which
R is alkyl, preferably loweralkyl.
[0232] As used herein, cycloalkyl refers to saturated cyclic carbon
chains; cycloalkyenyl and cycloalkynyl refer to cyclic carbon
chains that include at least one unsaturated triple bond. The
cyclic portions of the carbon chains may include one ring or two or
more fused rings.
[0233] As used herein, alkylenedioxy means an --O-alkyl-O-- group
in which the alkyl group is as previously described. A replacement
analog of alkylenedioxy means an alkylenedioxy in which one or both
of the oxygen atoms is replaced by a similar behaving atom or group
of atoms such as, S, N, NH, Se. An exemplary replacement
alkylenedioxy group is ethylenebis(sulfandiyl). Alkylenethioxyoxy
is --S-alkyl-O--, --O-alkyl-S-- and alkylenedithioxy is
--S-alkyl-S--.
[0234] As used herein, heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or
fused ring system in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the
ring system is(are) replaced by an element(s) other than carbon,
for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Preferred cyclic groups
contain one or two fused rings and include from about 3 to about 7
members in each ring. Similar to "aryl groups", the heteroaryl
groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
substituents. Exemplary heteroaryl groups include pyrazinyl,
pyrazolyl, tetrazolyl, furanyl, (2- or 3-)thienyl, (2-, 3- or
4-)pyridyl, imidazoyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
isothiazolyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, oxazolyl and
1,2,4-oxadiazolyl. Preferred heteroaryl groups include 5 to
6-membered nitrogen-containing rings, such as pyrimidinyl.
[0235] As used herein, alkoxycarbonyl means an alkyl-O--CO-- group.
Exemplary alkoxycarbonyl groups include methoxy- and
ethoxycarbonyl.
[0236] As used herein, carbamoyl means --CONH.sub.2. As with all
groups described herein, these groups may be unsubstituted or
substituted. Substituted carbamoyl includes groups such as
--CONY.sup.2Y.sup.3 in which Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 are independently
hydrogen, alkyl, cyano(loweralkyl), aralkyl, heteroaralkyl,
carboxy(loweralkyl), carboxy(aryl substituted loweralkyl),
carboxy(carboxy substituted loweralkyl), carboxy(hydroxy
substituted loweralkyl), carboxy(heteroaryl substituted
loweralkyl), carbamoyl(loweralkyl), alkoxycarbonyl(loweralkyl- ) or
alkoxycarbonyl(aryl substituted loweralkyl), provided that only one
of Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 may be hydrogen and when one of Y.sup.2 and
Y.sup.3 is carboxy(loweralkyl), carboxy(aryl substituted
loweralkyl), carbamoyl(loweralkyl), alkoxycarbonyl(loweralkyl) or
alkoxycarbonyl(aryl substituted loweralkyl) then the other of
Y.sup.2 and Y.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl. Preferred for Y.sup.2 and
Y.sup.3 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, cyano(loweralkyl),
aryalkyl, heteroaralkyl, carboxy(loweralkyl), carboxy(aryl
substituted loweralkyl) and carbamoyl(loweralkyl).
[0237] As used herein, any corresponding
N-(4-halo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl), N-(4-halo-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl),
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl), N-(4-halo-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl),
N-(4-halo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl), N-(4,5-dimethyl-3-isoxazolyl)
derivative thereof refers to compounds in which Ar.sup.2 is the
same as the compound specifically set forth, but Ar.sup.1 is
N-(4-halo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl), N-(4-halo-5-methyl-3-isoxaz-
olyl), N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl),
N-(4-halo-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl), N-(4-halo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl),
or N-(4,5-dimethyl-3-isoxazolyl) in which halo is any halide,
preferably Cl or Br.
[0238] As used herein, the abbreviations for any protective groups,
amino acids and other compounds, are, unless indicated otherwise,
in accord with their common usage, recognized abbreviations, or the
IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (see, (1972)
Biochem. 11:942-944).
[0239] A. Compounds for use in Treating Endothelin-Mediated
Diseases
[0240] Compounds and methods for treating endothelin-mediated
diseases using the compounds of formula I are provided. In
particular, the compounds provided herein are aryl-substituted
thienyl, furanyl, or pyrrolyl sulfonamides, where the aryl group is
tetra-, penta- or hexasubstituted, preferably pentasubstituted.
Particularly preferred sulfonamides are N-isoxazolyl thiophene
sulfonamides wherein the thiophene is substituted with an aryl
group which has only one or two hydrogen substituents. If the aryl
group is tetrasubstituted, it will preferably be substituted at the
2, 4 and 6 positions and one of these substituents will be a polar
group, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and carboxamide. If the aryl
group is substituted at the 2, 4 and 6 positions with nonpolar
groups, such as alkyl groups, more specifically methyl groups, then
the aryl group will preferably be penta- or hexasubstituted. In
pentasubstituted aryl groups, the fifth substituent will be at the
3 position and will preferrably be a polar group, such as hydroxyl,
carboxyl and carboxamide.
[0241] The compounds described herein in this latter group good
bioavailability, relatively long in vivo half-life, and good
efficacy in in vivo animal models and other suitable models.
[0242] The sulfonamides have formula I: 12
[0243] or the corresponding thiophene-2-sulfonamides as defined
above, where Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic
or polycyclic, preferably a monocyclic or fused bicyclic, aryl
group with one or more substituents, selected from, for example, H,
NH.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, an
aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino,
alkylthio, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl,
haloaryl, carbonyl, in which the aryl and alkyl portions, are
unsubstituted or substituted with any of the preceding groups, and
straight or branched chains of from about 1 up to about 10-12
carbons, preferably, 1 to about 5 or 6 carbons. The substituents
are preferably H, NH.sub.2, halide, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3O or another
aromatic group. In particular, Ar.sup.1 is a five or six membered
substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or a
fused bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or
heteroaromatic ring, preferably 3- or 5-isoxazolyl,
benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 2-pyrazinyl or
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl;
[0244] X is S, O or NR.sup.11, preferably S;
[0245] R.sup.1-R.sup.5 are as defined above, and
[0246] R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl,
preferably H or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more
preferably H, methyl or carboxymethyl.
[0247] In all embodiments herein, Ar.sup.1 is preferably an
isoxazolyl of formula: 13
[0248] in which R.sup.A and R.sup.B are either (i), (ii) or (iii)
as follows:
[0249] (i) R.sup.A and R.sup.B are each independently selected from
H, NH.sub.2, NO.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkenyl,
alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, alkylamino,
alkylthio, alkyloxy, haloalkyl, alkylsufinyl, alkylsulfonyl,
aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, arylsufinyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkyl,
haloaryl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl,
arylcarbonyl, formyl, substituted or unsubstituted amido,
substituted or unsubstituted ureido, in which the alkyl, alkenyl
and alkynyl portions contain from 1 up to about 14 carbon atoms and
are either straight or branched chains or cyclic, and the aryl
portions contain from about 4 to about 16 carbons, except that
R.sup.2 is not halide or pseudohalide; or,
[0250] (ii) R.sup.A and R.sup.B together form --(CH.sub.2).sub.n,
where n is 3 to 6; or,
[0251] (iii) R.sup.A and R.sup.B together form 1,3-butadienyl.
[0252] In preferred embodiments herein, R.sup.A and R.sup.B are
each selected independently from among alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower
alkynyl, lower haloalkyl, halide, pseudohalide or H, except that
R.sup.B is not halide.
[0253] In one embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula II: 14
[0254] or the corresponding thiophene-2-sulfonamides as defined
above.
[0255] Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or
polycyclic, preferably a monocyclic or fused bicyclic, aryl group
with one or more substituents, selected from, for example, H,
NH.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, an
aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino,
alkylthio, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl,
haloaryl, carbonyl, in which the aryl and alkyl portions are
unsubstituted or substituted with any of the preceding groups, and
straight or branched chains of from about 1 up to about 10-12
carbons, preferably, 1 to about 5 or 6 carbons. The substituents
are preferably H, NH.sub.2, halide, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3O or another
aromatic group. In particular, Ar.sup.2 is a five or six membered
substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or a
fused bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or
heteroaromatic ring, preferably 3- or 5-isoxazolyl,
benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 2-pyrazinyl or
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, more preferably
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxaz- olyl or 4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl;
W is --NH--, .dbd.NCOR.sup.16, .dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16,
--NHC(R.sup.12)(R.sup.16)-- or is --CH.sub.2-- when R.sup.9 is
hydroxyl.
[0256] R.sup.9 is selected from the group consisting of substituted
and unsubstituted alkyl, hydroxyl, substituted and unsubstituted
alkoxy, OC(O)R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, NR.sup.12R.sup.16 and
S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2; preferably
alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,
alkylsulfonylamino and aminosulfonyl.
[0257] The phenyl substituents designated in this formula R.sup.7,
R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.5,
respectively. R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10, which are preferably
alkyl, haloalkyl, polyhaloalkyl, alkenyl containing 1 to 2 double
bonds, alkynyl containing 1 to 2 triple bonds, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl,
more preferably lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, or aryl,
most preferably methyl.
[0258] In more preferred embodiments, the sulfonamides of formula
II are those wherein R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 do not
contain cyano groups and W is not --CH.sub.2--. These compounds are
preferred due to their improved toxicological profiles relative to
other compounds of formula II.
[0259] In preferred embodiments of the compounds of formula II,
Ar.sup.1 is 3- or 5-isoxazolyl, benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl,
2-pyrazinyl or benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, more preferably
3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl, 3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl,
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl or 4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl; W
is --NH--, .dbd.NCO.sub.2R.sup.16, or is --CH.sub.2-- when R.sup.9
is hydroxyl; R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.10 are methyl; and R.sup.9
is selected from the group consisting of substituted and
unsubstituted alkyl, hydroxyl, substituted and unsubstituted
alkoxy, OC(O)R.sup.16, OCO.sub.2R.sup.16, NR.sup.12R.sup.16 and
S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n is 0-2; preferably
alkoxycarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl,
alkylsulfonylamino and aminosulfonyl.
[0260] R.sup.9 is, in certain of these embodiments, methoxy,
methoxycarbonylmethoxy, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyacetoxy,
2-hydroxyethoxy, N, N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxy,
N,N-dimethylthiocarbonylox- ymethyl, dimethylamino, pyrrolidinyl,
acetoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, cyanomethyl, acetoxymethyl,
hydroxymethyl, carboxylmethyl, methanesulfonylamino,
N,N-dimethylaminomethyl, SO.sub.2NH.sub.2, or
methoxycarbonylmethyl.
[0261] R.sup.9, in more preferred embodiments, does not contain a
cyano group and is, for example, methoxy, methoxycarbonylmethoxy,
2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxyacetoxy, 2-hydroxyethoxy,
N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxy, N,N-dimethylthiocarbonyloxymethyl,
dimethylamino, pyrrolidinyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl,
hydroxy or acetoxy.
[0262] Among the compounds of formula II are:
[0263]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxylmethyl-2,4,6-trimet-
hylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0264]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0265]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-pyrrolidinyl-2,4,6-trimethy-
lphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0266]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylamino-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0267]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbonylox-
ymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0268]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbonylox-
y)-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0269]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,4,6-tri-
methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0270]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
acetoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0271]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethoxy-2,4,-
6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0272]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0273]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-
-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0274]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0275]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0276]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-t-
rimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0277]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6--
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0278]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylph-
enylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0279]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0280]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-
-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0281]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxylmethyl-2,4,6-trimet-
hylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0282]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0283]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0284]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-t-
rimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0285]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6--
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0286]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0287]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0288]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0289]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylph-
enylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0290]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylpheny-
laminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0291]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-trim-
ethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0292]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethylph-
enylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0293]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0294]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0295]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trimet-
hylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0296]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0297]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylami-
nocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0298]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylami-
nocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0299]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino-
carbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0300]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0301]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0302]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-tr-
imethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0303]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-carboxylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0304]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylp-
henylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0305]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylp-
henylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0306]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trim-
ethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0307]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6-tri-
methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0308]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0309]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0310]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenylami-
nocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0311]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylpheny-
laminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0312]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylami-
nocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0313]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethy-
lphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0314]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-carboxylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0315]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0316]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0317]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylp-
henylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0318]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0319]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminoca-
rbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0320]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminoca-
rbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0321]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarb-
onyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0322]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino-
carbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0323]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-ethylamin-
ocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0324]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-((R)-1-phenyl-1-ethylaminocarb-
onyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide; and
[0325]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-((S)-1-phenyl-1-ethylaminocarb-
onyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
[0326] Among the more preferred compounds of formula II are:
[0327]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-
-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0328]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0329]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0330]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0331]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethoxy-2,4,-
6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0332]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-
acetoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0333]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2,4,6-tri-
methylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0334]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbonylox-
y)-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0335]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbonylox-
ymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0336]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylamino-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0337]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-pyrrolidinyl-2,4,6-trimethy-
lphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide; and
[0338]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
[0339] In another embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula III:
15
[0340] or the corresponding thiophene-2-sulfonamides as defined
above, where:
[0341] Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or
polycyclic, preferably a monocyclic or fused bicyclic, aryl group
with one or more substituents, selected from, for example, H,
NH.sub.2, halide, pseudohalide, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, formyl, an
aromatic or heteroaromatic group, alkoxyalkyl, alkylamino,
alkylthio, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, arylamino, arylthio, haloalkyl,
haloaryl, carbonyl, in which the aryl and alkyl portions, are
unsubstituted or substituted with any of the preceding groups, and
straight or branched chains of from about 1 up to about 10-12
carbons, preferably, 1 to about 5 or 6 carbons. The substituents
are preferably H, NH.sub.2, halide, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.3O or another
aromatic group. In particular, Ar.sup.1 is a five or six membered
substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or a
fused bicyclic substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or
heteroaromatic ring, preferably 3- or 5-isoxazolyl,
benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 2-pyrazinyl or
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl;
[0342] X is S, O or NR.sup.11;
[0343] each G and R, which are selected from among the
R.sup.1-R.sup.5 as defined above, are preferably independently
selected from lower alkyl, CN,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.x, --(CH.sub.2).sub.x,
(CH.sub.2).sub.xN-lower alkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xC(O)NH.sub.2, a
D-, L- or racemic amino acid, a primary or secondary amide,
O-glycoside, a hexose or ribose, --S(O).sub.2NH.sub.2, hydroxy,
alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, acetoxyalkyl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH;
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCOOH--, CO.sub.2-lower alkyl, CN, heteroaryl,
--COC(O)(CH.sub.2).sub.xCH.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xN(CH.sub.3).sub.2, a sulfonyl chloride,
S(O).sub.2NHR.sup.50, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, C(O)NHR.sup.50,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, --C(O)N(H)N(H)M';
[0344] R.sup.50 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy;
[0345] M' is H or R.sup.50;
[0346] R' is selected from hydrogen, G and R;
[0347] W is .dbd.C(halo).sub.2, .dbd.N(H), --(CH.sub.2).sub.x--,
.dbd.N(lower alkyl), --C(O)--, .dbd.C(lower alkyl).sub.2, and
[0348] x is 0-3.
[0349] In particular, in these embodiments compounds where: R, G
and R' are selected where the amino acid is L-Asp or L-Glu; the
hexose is D-mannose, the heteroaryl is triazolyl, and X is S are of
interest. Also of interest are compounds in which:
[0350] W is .dbd.CH.sub.2, .dbd.NH, .dbd.NCH.sub.3,
.dbd.NCH.sub.2CH.sub.3, .dbd.C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 or CF.sub.2; and
[0351] G is --CH.sub.3, --CN, --COCH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.xCO.sub.2H are of interest.
[0352] Among these compounds are:
[0353]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-trime-
thylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0354]
N.sup.2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl--
5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0355]
methyl-2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylc-
arboxamido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetate;
[0356]
2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxam-
ido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetic acid;
[0357]
N.sup.2-(3-acetyloxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-met-
hyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0358]
N.sup.2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methy-
l-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0359]
N.sup.2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-
-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
trifluoroacetate;
[0360]
N.sup.2-(3-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(-
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0361]
3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid;
[0362]
N-[3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxam-
ido)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl]glutamic acid;
[0363]
N-[3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxam-
ido)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl]aspartic acid;
[0364]
N-[2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarbo-
xamido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetyl]glutamic acid;
[0365]
N-[2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarbo-
xamido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetyl]aspartic acid;
[0366]
N.sup.2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isox-
azolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0367]
2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxam-
ido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenoxy)acetic acid;
[0368]
N.sup.2-(3-alkylsulfonamido-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-me-
thyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0369]
N.sup.2-(3-arylsulfonamido-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-met-
hyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0370]
N.sup.2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5--
isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0371]
N.sup.2-(3-alkylsulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-meth-
yl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0372]
N.sup.2-(3-arylsulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methy-
l-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0373]
N.sup.2-(3-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-
-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0374]
N.sup.2-(3-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-m-
ethyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0375]
N.sup.2-(3-hydrazinocarbonyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-m-
ethyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0376]
N.sup.2-(3-aminomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl--
5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0377]
N.sup.2-(3-(a-D-mannopyranosyloxymethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(-
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide;
[0378]
5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-cyano-6-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0379]
5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-6-cyano-4-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0380]
2-(5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxam-
ido)-4-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole)-6-acetic acid;
[0381]
5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-acetyl-6-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0382]
5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-6-acetyl-4-methylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0383]
5-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-7-cyano-4,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0384]
6-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-5,7-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid;
[0385]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole-4-carboxylic acid;
[0386]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-cyano-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0387]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-acetyl-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0388]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-carboxamido-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0389]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-aminomethyl-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole; and
[0390]
7-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido-
)-4-dimethylaminomethyl-5,6-dimethylbenzo[d][1,3]dioxole;
[0391]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0392]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0393]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isox-
azolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3--
sulfonamide;
[0394] and
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-t-
rimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
[0395] In another embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula IV:
16
[0396] or the corresponding thiophene-2-sulfonamides as defined
above, Ar.sup.1 is defined as above, except when R.sup.6 is H, then
Ar.sup.1 is not 4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl,
4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl or 3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazoly.
Ar.sup.1 is preferably benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-- yl or
2-methoxy-3-pyrazinyl when R.sup.6 is H; and R.sup.6 is H, or
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl, preferably H or
substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more preferably methyl or
carboxymethyl.
[0397] In other embodiments of formula (IV), Ar.sup.1 is preferably
benzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-5-yl or 2-methoxy-3-pyrazinyl when R.sup.6 is
H and
[0398] R.sup.6 is H, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl,
preferably H or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, more
preferably methyl or carboxymethyl.
[0399] Thus, preferred compounds of formula IV include:
[0400]
N-(benzo-2,1,3-oxadizaol-5-yl)-2-(2-methyl-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl-
acetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0401]
N-(3-methoxy-2-pyrazinyl)-2-(2-methyl-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylacety-
l)thiophene-3-sulfonamide;
[0402]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-(2-methyl-4,5-methylenediox-
yphenyl)propanoyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide; and
[0403]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxyl-2-(2-methyl-4,5-me-
thylenedioxyphenyl)propanoyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide.
[0404] In another embodiment, the sulfonamides have formula V:
17
[0405] or the corresponding thiophene-2-sulfonamides as defined
above.
[0406] Ar.sup.1 is defined as above and is preferably
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl; W is NH; and R.sup.20 is selected
from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycle, OH, CN,
C(O)R.sup.16, CO.sub.2R.sup.16, SH, S(O).sub.nR.sup.16 in which n
is 0-2, a D, L or racemic amino acid, a ribose or hexose, an
O-glycoside, a sulfonyl chloride, --(CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, NHOH,
NR.sup.12R.sup.16, NO.sub.2, N.sub.3, OR.sup.16,
R.sup.12NCOR.sup.16 and CONR.sup.12R.sup.16; R.sup.16 is hydrogen,
alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl,
aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or cycloalkynyl; R.sup.12 is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl,
heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl,
cycloalkynyl, C(O)R.sup.17 and S(O).sub.nR.sup.17 in which n is
0-2; R.sup.17 is 25 hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,
alkylaryl, heterocycle, aralkyl, aralkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
or cycloalkynyl; each of R.sup.12, R.sup.15 and R.sup.16 may be
further substituted with the any of the groups set forth for Z;
R.sup.20 is preferably CONH.sup.2, COOH, or phenyl.
[0407] Preferred embodiments of the compounds of formula V are
those wherein Ar.sup.1 is 4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl; W is NH;
and R.sup.20 is CONH.sup.2, COOH, or phenyl.
[0408] Also of interest are any pharmaceutically-acceptable
derivatives, including salts, esters, acids and bases, solvates,
hydrates and prodrugs of the sulfonamides. Preferred are
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, particularly alkali metal salts,
most preferably sodium salts.
[0409] Particularly preferred derivatives are salts of compounds
described herein where W is alkylene, more particularly CH.sub.2.
Of these derivatives, the preferred salts are sodium salts,
preferably sodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium salts, more
preferably sodium salts.
[0410] In all embodiments, preferred substituents also can be
determined by reference to Table 1, which sets forth exemplary
compounds. Preferred compounds are those of Table 1 that have the
highest activities, and preferred substituents are those on the
compounds with the highest activities (activity at the lowest
concentration).
1TABLE 1 COMPOUND ET.sub.A (.mu.M)* ET.sub.B (.mu.M)*
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-methylbenzo[b]thi- o- 0.167 16.6
phene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isox- azolyl)-2-(4-
0.048.sup..dagger. 1.1.sup..dagger.
ethylbenzyl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4- 0.0015 .+-. 0.0014 0.324
.+-. 0.78 (methylenedioxy)benzyl]benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.0074 .+-. 0.0011.sup..dagger. 0.939 .+-. 0.262.sup..dagger.
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3,4,5- 0.013.sup..dagger.
1.21.sup..dagger. trimethoxybenzyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamid-
e N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4-methyl- 0.011 .+-.
0.005.sup..dagger. 0.936 .+-. 0.095.sup..dagger.
enedioxy)benzyl]benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3,4- 0.021 .+-.
0.017.sup..dagger. 2.94 .+-. 1.32.sup..dagger.
dimethoxybenzyl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-su- lfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-5-(benzo[b]thien- 16.sup..dagger.
0.80.sup..dagger. 2-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(4- 0.051.sup..dagger.
1.5.sup..dagger. methoxybenzyl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxozolyl)-2-(2- 0.19.sup..dagger.
2.2.sup..dagger. methoxybenzyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(4- 0.21.sup..dagger.
4.7.sup..dagger. chlorobenzyl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(4- 0.041.sup..dagger.
1.3.sup..dagger. dimethylaminobenzyl)benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonami-
de 0.014 0.477 N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-
0.15.sup..dagger. 22.sup..dagger. ethylbenzo[b]furan-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-phenylben- 0.932.sup..dagger.
46.8.sup..dagger. zo[b]thiophene sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-6-methoxy-2- .about.2.sup.est
.dagger. 2.39.sup..dagger.
[3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzyl]benzo[b]thiophene-3-- sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-(methyl-
0.0055.sup..dagger. 0.364.sup..dagger. enedioxy)benzyl]benzo[b]thi-
ophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 0.631
53.2 methoxycarbonylthiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl))-3-(phenylaminocar- 0.163 >100
bonyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-
-[(4-tolyl)amino- 0.00116 2.93 carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.0105.sup..dagger. 14.sup..dagger. N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)--
2-[(4-methylphenyl)- 0.00336 11.3
aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfona- mide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 0.188 16.0
[(methyl)phenylaminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(.alpha.- 0.337 9.37
hydroxybenzyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-5-methyl-3-isoxaz-
olyl)-5-(4- 7.10 0.3593 methylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
15.8.sup..dagger. 0.25.sup..dagger. N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazol-
yl)-2- 0.160 44.1 (hydroxymethyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
1.55.sup..dagger. -- N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-5-(2- 3.46
0.529 formylphenyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide 12.31.sup..dagger. 1.28
.+-. 0.71.sup..dagger. N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl))-2-[(3- 0.214
5.34 methoxyanilino)methyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.933.sup..dagger. 7.7.sup..dagger. N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazol-
yl)-2-[(3- 0.062.sup..dagger. >100.sup..dagger.
carboxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2- 0.21.sup..dagger.
20.sup..dagger.
carboxylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]-thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(aminocar- 0.84.sup..dagger.
>100.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(5- 0.97.sup..dagger.
3.9.sup..dagger. dimethylamino-1-naphthyl)sulfonylaminocar-
bonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-5--
(5-methyl-2- 17.sup..dagger. 0.21.sup..dagger.
thienyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)--
2-[(3,4- 0.017.sup..dagger. 9.8.sup..dagger.
methylenedioxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4- 0.0073.sup..dagger.
6.0.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)phenoxycarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfon-
amide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[(3,4- 0.50.sup..dagger.
79.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[(3,4- 8.1.sup..dagger.
3.2.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)benzyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-benzylthio- 1.6.sup..dagger.
39.sup..dagger. phene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-i-
soxazolyl)-2-[(3,4- 0.27.sup..dagger. 7.7.sup..dagger.
methylenedioxy)benzyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4- 2.0.sup..dagger.
15.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)benzoyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2- 0.013.sup..dagger.
38.sup..dagger. hydroxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamid-
e N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4- 6.1.sup..dagger.
>.about.50.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenoxycarbonyl]thiophe-
ne-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4-
0.089.sup..dagger. 37.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)benzoyl]aminocar-
bonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-- [3,4- 0.0065.sup..dagger.
7.4.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenoxyc-
arbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- -[(3,4- 0.0091.sup..dagger.
5.5.sup..dagger.
methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4- 0.087.sup..dagger.
5.9.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenoxycarbonylamino]thiophene-3--
sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2-chloro-3,4-
13.sup..dagger. 0.76.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)phenoxymethyl]thi-
ophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[trans-(3,- 4-
0.14.sup..dagger. 1.4.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)cinnamyl]thiop-
hene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4-
0.57.sup..dagger. 1.3.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)phenylureido]thi-
ophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4-
0.021.sup..dagger. 6.5.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl]t-
hiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-
0.42.sup..dagger. 12.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)benzyloxycarbony-
l]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-(- 3,4- 0.23.sup..dagger.
6.2.sup..dagger. methylenedioxyphenyl)]ethox-
ycarbonyl-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[4-(3- ,4- 20.sup..dagger.
>.about.100.sup..dagger.
methylenedioxybenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]carbonyl}thio-
phene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-aminothio-
- 14.sup..dagger. 6.2.sup..dagger. phene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{1-cyano-1- 2.1.sup..dagger.
27.sup..dagger. [(3,4-methylenedioxy)phenyl]acetyl}thiophene-3-sul-
fonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3,4-
0.21.sup..dagger. 9.2.sup..dagger. methylenedioxy)phenethyl]thioph-
ene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3-
1.4.sup..dagger. 60.sup..dagger. dimethylamino)phenoxycarbonyl]thi-
ophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[.beta.-h- ydroxy(3,4-
0.053.sup..dagger. 16.sup..dagger.
methylenedioxy)phenylethyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 1.37.sup..dagger. --
oxacyclohexyl)oxycarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-2-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
1.8.sup..dagger. 32.5.sup..dagger. N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazol-
yl)-2-[(4- 0.023.sup..dagger. 15.sup..dagger.
methoxyphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 122.sup..dagger.
9.7.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4-methoxy-
0.043.sup..dagger. 10.1.sup..dagger.
phenyl)acetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[(4- 1.64.sup..dagger.
22.8.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 1 .2.sup..dagger.
15.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-methyl- 0.94.sup..dagger.
0.66.sup..dagger. trans-styryl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-methyl- 0.347.sup..dagger.
9.4.sup..dagger. phenethyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4-methyl- 0.198.sup..dagger.
9.13.sup..dagger. phenyl)acetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3- 0.030.sup..dagger.
19.1.sup..dagger. methoxyphenyl)acetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[.beta.,.beta.-(ethylene-
0.128.sup..dagger. 2.09.sup..dagger. dioxy)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)ph-
enethyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-- 2-[.beta.-(dimethyl-
20.9.sup..dagger. .about.100.sup..dagger.
amino)-3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2{.alpha.-hydroxy-
2.5.sup..dagger. 30.sup..dagger.
[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]acetyl}thiophene-3-sul- fonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(5-methyl-3-
0.056.sup..dagger. 92.sup..dagger. isoxazolyl)aminocarbonyl]thioph-
ene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3-hydroxyl-- 6-
0.066.sup..dagger. 81.3.sup..dagger. pyridazinyl)aminocarbonyl]t-
hiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)2-{[2-acet- yl-4,5
0.010.sup..dagger. 31.6.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenyl]-
aminocarbonyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazo- lyl)-3-{[3,4- 0.513.sup..dagger.
9.6.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]methyl}thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 0.26.sup..dagger.
0.413.sup..dagger. methyl)(cinnamyl)]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4,5- 0.55.sup..dagger. --
dimethoxy-2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2-methyl- 0.13.sup..dagger.
-- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)2-{(2-carboxyl- 1.43.sup..dagger.
-- 4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)3-[3,4- 0.236.sup..dagger.
18.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenethyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[3,4- 0.218.sup..dagger.
10.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)-trans-styryl]thiophene-2-sulfonam-
ide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4-methyl)-
0.106.sup..dagger. 40.1.sup..dagger. phenethyl]thiophene-3-sulfona-
mide N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[2-acetyl-4,5-
0.032.sup..dagger. -- (methylenedioxy)phenyl]aminocarbonyl}thiophe-
ne-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[4-methoxy-2-
0.027.sup..dagger. 0.14.sup..dagger. methylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]th-
iophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[{2-cyan- o-4,5-
0.0039.sup..dagger. 12.2.sup..dagger.
dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(4-tolylacetylphenyl)-
0.0027.sup..dagger. 29.2.sup..dagger. thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-(methylene-
0.0273.sup..dagger. 12.2.sup..dagger.
dioxy)phenylacetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4- 0.158.sup..dagger.
63.1.sup..dagger. dimethoxyphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfon-
amide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3-methyl-6-
0.023.sup..dagger. 43.7.sup..dagger. pyridyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophe-
ne-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-hydroxy-4-
0.006.sup..dagger. -- methylphenyl)aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfo-
namide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[2-cyano-4,5-
0.0034.sup..dagger. 40.4.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenyl]amino-
carbonyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)- -2-[2-methy-4,5-
0.0030.sup..dagger. 355.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)phenylaminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2- 0.011.sup..dagger.
61.sup..dagger. carboxamido-4,5-dimethoxyphenylaminocarbonyl)thiop-
hene-3-sulfonamide N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-
0.0027.sup..dagger. 17.4.sup..dagger. dimethylphenylacetyl)thiophe-
ne-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-dimethyl- -
0.0004.sup..dagger. 4.8.sup..dagger. phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sul-
fonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-
0.0008.sup..dagger.** 3.6.sup..dagger. dimethylphenylacetyl)thioph-
ene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-
0.0073.sup..dagger. 9.2.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)]phenylaminoc-
arbonyl-3-thio- phenesulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isox-
azolyl)-2-[2-methyl-4,5- 0.01464 .+-. 52.782 .+-.
(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.00624.sup..dagger. 23.24.sup..dagger.
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4- 0.0045.sup..dagger.
25.7.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)-6-(2-acetox-
yethyl)phenylaminocar- bonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4- 0.0056.sup..dagger.
16.8.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenylamino-
carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-iso-
xazolyl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl- 0.045.sup..dagger. 17.7.sup..dagger.
phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)-2-(2,5- 0.007.sup..dagger. 18.sup..dagger.
dimethylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2- 0.0068.sup..dagger.
19.8.sup..dagger. methanesulfonylaminomethyl)-4,5-
(methylenedioxy)phenylaminocarbonyl]thiophene-3- sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2- 0.0038.sup..dagger.
25.sup..dagger. cyanomethyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)-6-cyanomethyl]-
phenylaminocarbonylthiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2- 0.0073.sup..dagger.
8.3.sup..dagger. hydroxypropyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenylaminocar-
bonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazo-
lyl)-3-[2-methyl-4,5- .about.0.1.sup..dagger.**
.about.6.sup..dagger.**
(methylenedioxy)cinnamyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[2-methyl-4,5-
.about.0.1.sup..dagger.** .about.5.sup..dagger.**
(methylenedioxy)phenethyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-{[2-propyl-4,5-
.about.0.2.sup..dagger.** .about.1.5.sup..dagger.**
(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]methyl}thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-
.about.0.02.sup..dagger.** .about.18.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)-6-(2-acetoxyethoxy)]phenyl- amino-
carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-
.about.0.01.sup..dagger.** .about.18.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)-6-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyla- mino-
carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-cyano-4,5-
.about.0.3.sup..dagger.** .about.0.7.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{2- 0.009.sup..dagger.
13.8.sup..dagger. [(dimethylamino)carbonylmethyl]-4,5-(methylene-
dioxy)phenylaminocarbonyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-4,5-
0.794.sup..dagger. 6.49.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)phenylhydroxyimino]thiophene-3-s- ulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-4,5-
0.0619.sup..dagger. 8.90.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenethyl]th-
iophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[2-
0.0795.sup..dagger. 3.24.sup..dagger. (hydroxymethyl)-4,5-(methyle-
nedioxy)cinnamyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isox- azolyl)-3-{2-[(tetrahydro-
0.0967.sup..dagger. 4.14 4H-pyran-2-yloxy)methyl]-4,5-
(methylenedioxy)cinnamyl}thiophene-2-
-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2,4-
0.1006.sup..dagger. 4.30.sup..dagger. dimethylphenethyl)thiophene--
2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2,4-
0.180.sup..dagger. 2.97.sup..dagger. dimethylcinnamyl)thiophene-2--
sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-
0.166.sup..dagger. 2.97.sup..dagger. dimethylcinnamyl)thiophene-3--
sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[(2,4-
0.346.sup..dagger. 7.45.sup..dagger. dimethylphenoxy)methyl]thioph-
ene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4-
0.308.sup..dagger. 4.48.sup..dagger. dimethylphenoxy)methyl]thioph-
ene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-5-(phenylamino- -
28.1.sup..dagger. 60.6.sup..dagger. carbonyl)thiophene-2-sulfonam-
ide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[.beta.-acetoxy-2- 0.00544
3.74.sup..dagger. methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)styryl]thiophene-3-su-
lfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,3,4-
0.00024.sup..dagger. 6.998.sup..dagger. trimethoxy-6-cyano)phenyla-
minocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazo- lyl)-2-[2- 6.33.sup..dagger.
8.82.sup..dagger. (cyano)phenyl]benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[3,4-(methyl-
0.550.sup..dagger. 52.6.sup..dagger.
enedioxy)phenyl]benzo[b]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2-tolyl)thio-
0.324.sup..dagger. 55.1.sup..dagger. phene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(3-tolyl)thio-
0.832.sup..dagger. 21.2.sup..dagger. phene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2-tolyl)thio-
0.302.sup..dagger. 31% @ 100.sup..dagger. phene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(3- 0.334.sup..dagger. **
methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)-3-(3- 1.32.sup..dagger. 56.3.sup..dagger.
methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)-3-(2- 1.71.sup..dagger. 59.1.sup..dagger.
methoxyphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)-3-(4- 0.184 43.9.sup..dagger.
ethylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfona- mide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4- 0.0873 8.48.sup..dagger.
propylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-iso- 0.218 28.3.sup..dagger.
propylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)-3-(4- 0.160 6.11.sup..dagger.
butylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfona- mide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-4,5- 0.00328.sup..dagger.
34.3.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenylacety-
l]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4- ,6- 0.00160.sup..dagger.
11.272.sup..dagger.
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4,6-tri-
0.000238.sup..dagger. 3.82.sup..dagger.
methylphenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-methyl-4,5-
0.000625.sup..dagger. 3.69.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenylacet-
yl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[2-m- ethyl-4,5-
0.0804.sup..dagger. 3.28.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)cinnamyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4- 0.0555.sup..dagger.
3.48.sup..dagger. dimethylphenethyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 0.000266.sup..dagger.
9.78.sup..dagger. methoxycarbonyl-2,6-dimethyl)phenylaminocar-
bonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl-
)-2- 4.41.sup..dagger. 31% @ 100.sup..dagger.
(phenoxycarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-iso-
xazolyl)-2- 2.71.sup..dagger. 20% @ 100.sup..dagger.
(phenoxycarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazo-
lyl)-2-{[3,4- 3.61.sup..dagger. 30% @ 100.sup..dagger.
(methylenedioxy)phenoxy]carbonyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2- 0.684.sup..dagger.
105.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3- 1.20.sup..dagger.
111.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4- 0.291.sup..dagger.
43.2.sup..dagger. dimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2- 0.761.sup..dagger. 29% @
100.sup..dagger. methoxylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(3- 0.79.sup..dagger.
90.sup..dagger. methoxylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 1.73.sup..dagger.
111.sup..dagger. methoxylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 5.88.sup..dagger. 13% @
100.sup..dagger. methoxylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 2.5.sup..dagger. 33% @
100.sup..dagger. methoxylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(4- 3.2.sup..dagger. 43% @
100.sup..dagger. methylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4- 0.648.sup..dagger.
68.5.sup..dagger. dimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4- 0.274.sup..dagger. 21% @
100.sup..dagger. dimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[2-propyl-4,5-
0.138.sup..dagger. 11.9.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenoxy]carbo-
nyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3
0.000321.sup..dagger. 16.5.sup..dagger. methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-trim-
ethylphenylaminocar- 0.00092.sup..dagger. --
bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3--
(2,4- 0.100.sup..dagger. 60.3.sup..dagger.
dimethylphenyl)thiophene- -2-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 2.85.sup..dagger. 31%.sup..dagger.
(phenoxycarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-iso- 0.0823.sup..dagger.
2.76.sup..dagger. butylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-iso- 0.155.sup..dagger.
3.31.sup..dagger. pentylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-[(2,4,6- 0.0457.sup..dagger.
4.68.sup..dagger. trimethylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4,6- 0.0562.sup..dagger.
3.39.sup..dagger. trimethylphenoxy)methyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2,4,6- 0.0490.sup..dagger.
1.86.sup..dagger. trimethylcinnamyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-
0.0468.sup..dagger. 3.63.sup..dagger.
propylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-iso-butyl-2-
0.0468.sup..dagger. 1.66.sup..dagger.
methylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-iso-pentyl-2-
0.107.sup..dagger. 2.40.sup..dagger.
methylphenyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[3,4- 0.302.sup..dagger.
6.61.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)phenoxylmethyl}thiophene-3-sulfo-
namide N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-{[4,5-
0.107.sup..dagger. 0.407.sup..dagger. (methylenedioxy)-2-propylphe-
noxy]methyl}thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazoly- l)-2-(2,4,6- 0.0417.sup..dagger.
1.23.sup..dagger. trimethylphenethyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-i- soxazolyl)-3-(2,4,6- 0.055.sup..dagger.
1.62.sup..dagger. trimethylphenethyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxa- zolyl)-2-[(2,4,6- 0.537.sup..dagger. 8% @
100.sup..dagger. trimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4,6- 0.0776.sup..dagger.
30.2.sup..dagger. trimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamid-
e N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,4,6- 0.479.sup..dagger.
24.5.sup..dagger. trimethylphenoxy)carbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamid-
e N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00118 .+-. 38.782 .+-.
cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocar- 0.00065.sup..dagger.
23.377.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00177 .+-. 106.066 .+-.
carboxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocar- 0.00036.sup..dagger.
14.632.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00086 .+-. 729.577 .+-.
acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocar- 0.00012.sup..dagger.
1094.031.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00067 .+-. 74.224 .+-.
hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocar- 0.00014.sup..dagger.
48.771.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00100 .+-. 114.040 .+-.
methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl- 0.00012.sup..dagger.
2.599.sup..dagger. aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.01337.sup..dagger. --
dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino-
carbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide, trifluoroacetic acid salt
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(.alpha.-methyl-2-
0.08531.sup..dagger. -- methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl)th-
iophene- 3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2--
(.alpha.- 0.08110.sup..dagger. -- carboxylmethyl-2-methyl-4,5-
(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00162 .+-. 67.622 .+-.
methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino-
0.00026.sup..dagger. 67.866.sup..dagger.
carbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-carbamoyl-
0.00146.sup..dagger. 11.885.sup..dagger.
4,6-dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-su- lfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy- 0.00171 .+-.
18.676 .+-. 2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-su-
lfonamide 0.00082.sup..dagger. 8.672.sup..dagger.
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxyl-
0.01191.sup..dagger. 22.387.sup..dagger.
2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3- -sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-carboxyl-
0.02831.sup..dagger. 16.982.sup..dagger. 4,6-dimethylphenylaminoca-
rbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- -(2-phenyl-4,6-
0.01589.sup..dagger. 29.512.sup..dagger.
dimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6- 0.00152 .+-.
57.231 .+-. trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.00036.sup..dagger. 17.270.sup..dagger. N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-is-
oxazolyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl- 0.00092 .+-. 25.520 .+-.
2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.00059.sup..dagger. 10.416.sup..dagger. N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-is-
oxazolyl)-2-(3- 0.00088 .+-. 7.540 .+-.
cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl- phenylaminocar- 0.00007.sup..dagger.
1.740.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2- -(3- 0.00051 .+-. 19.699 .+-.
acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylam- inocar- 0.00039.sup..dagger.
9.597.sup..dagger. bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2- -(3- 0.00088.sup..dagger.
3.083.sup..dagger. hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocar-
bonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide -trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thioph-
ene-3-sulfonamide 0.00066.sup..dagger. 9.550.sup..dagger.
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl- 0.00156 .+-. 22.772
.+-. 2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
0.00025.sup..dagger. 2.590.sup..dagger. N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazol-
yl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl- 0.00097.sup..dagger. 155.955.sup..dagger.
2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-
0.00111.sup..dagger. 33.806.sup..dagger.
2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3- -sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 0.02985.sup..dagger.
30.974.sup..dagger. (pentamethylphenylaminoca-
rbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- -(2,4,6-
17,458.222.sup..dagger. 69.183.sup..dagger.
trimethylbenzylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
N-4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-
0.5310.sup..dagger. 81.470.sup..dagger.
2,4,6-trimethylbenzylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3- -sulfonamide
*results are generally the average of 2 to 5 experiments
**preliminary results or results in which one or more data points
were only determined approximately .sup..dagger.assay performed
with incubation at 24.degree. C. As described in the Examples,
incubation at the higher temperature reduces the activity by a
factor of 2- to about 10-compared to the activity at 4.degree. C.
-- data not available or measured as % inhibition @ 100 .mu.M %
inhibition @ 100 .mu.M
[0411] It is understood that 4-bromo or 4-chloro groups can be
replaced by other 4-halo substituents or other suitable
substituents for R.sup.1, such as alkyl. Among the preferred
compounds are:
[0412]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-cyano)phe-
nylaminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazoly-
l)-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sul-
fonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimet-
hylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-iso-
xazolyl)-2-(3-carboxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-
-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6--
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl-
)-2-(3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene--
3-sulfonamide,
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-
-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
trifluoroacetic acid salt,
[0413]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(.alpha.-methyl-2-methyl-4,5-(-
methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0414]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(.alpha.-carboxylmethyl-2-meth-
yl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenylacetyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
[0415]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6--
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
[0416]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-carbamoyl-4,6-dimethylpheny-
laminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0417]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphen-
ylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0418]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-carboxyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0419]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-carboxyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0420]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2-phenyl-4,6-dimethylphenylam-
inocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0421]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0422]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylph-
enylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0423]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0424]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0425]
N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimeth-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0426] -trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0427]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylpheny-
laminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0428]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0429]
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphe-
nylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
[0430]
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(pentamethylphenylaminocarbony-
l)thiophene-3-sulfonamide
[0431] Table 2 lists oral half-life, bioavailability, and in vivo
activity of selected exemplary compounds. The in vivo activity was
measured in a pulmonary hypertension model and is a measure of the
activity of the compounds at selected dosages. As Table 2
indicates, the compounds claimed herein exhibit improved oral
half-life, bioavailability, and/or in vivo activity over those
disclosed previously (see, e.g., PCT International Publication No.
WO 96/31492).
2TABLE 2 POt.sub.1/2 Peak in vivo in Plasma Effi- COMPOUND
P.sub.app.sup.a Rat.sup.b Levels.sup.c cacy.sup.d
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 2.32 4.1 173 ++
[2-methyl-4,5-(methylenedioxy)phenyl-
acetyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)--
2- 0.58 [(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-cyano)phenyl-
aminocarbonyl]thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxa-
zolyl)-2- 1.78 3.4 40.2 ++ (3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-i-
soxazolyl)-2- 1.69 (3-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2,4,6-
trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thio- phene-3-sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 1.10 (3-carboxymethyl-2,4,6--
trimethyl- phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3- sulfonamide
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 1.46
(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl- phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-
sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 1.56 1.5 3 -/+
(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl- phenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-
sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 5.9 2.6
(3-methanesulfonylamino-2,4,6- trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thio-
phene-3-sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 7 5.6 ++
(3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl- aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-
sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 3.9 20 ++
(3-cyano-2,4,6-trimethylphenylamino- carbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonam-
ide N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2- 3.4 2.8
(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl- aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-
sulfonamide N-(4-chloro-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2- 25.6 13 -
(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl- aminocarbonyl)thiophene-- 3-
sulfonamide N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3- 1.8 10.9
cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl- aminocarbonyl)thiophene-- 3-
sulfonamide .sup.a.times.10.sup.-6 cm/sec .sup.bin hours .sup.cin
.mu.g/mL .sup.dPulmonary Hypertension model: ++ effective at 5
mg/kg - no effect at 5 mg/kg + effective at 15 mg/kg
[0432] B. Preparation of the Compounds
[0433] The preparation of some of the above and other compounds
that possess the requisite activities are set forth in the
Examples. Compounds whose synthesis is not explicitly exemplified
can be synthesized by routine modification of one or more methods
described in detail in the Examples by substituting appropriate
readily available reagents.
[0434] Many of the compounds described herein are
3-sulfamoyl-2-arylaminoc- arbonylthiophene derivatives. In general,
these compounds may be prepared by coupling of the appropriate
3-sulfamoylthienylcarboxylic acid with a substituted or
unsubstituted aniline.
[0435] The 3-sulfamoylthienylcarboxylic acids may be prepared by a
variety of methods known the those of skill in the art. In general,
most of the syntheses involve the condensation of a
carboalkoxythienylsulfonyl chloride with an aminoisoxazole in dry
pyridine or in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and sodium hydride. Subsequent
hydrolysis of the carboalkoxy group provides the desired acids. The
sulfonyl chlorides and aminoisoxazoles either can be obtained
commercially or synthesized according to methods described in the
Examples or using other methods available to those of skill in this
art (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,659,369, 4,861,366 and
4,753,672).
[0436] For example, the thienylsulfonyl chlorides may be prepared
by the following methods. A 3-sulfamoylthiophene precursor may be
brominated at the 2-position by reaction with, for example, bromine
or N-bromosuccinimide. Subsequent metal-halogen exchange with an
alkyllithium, e.g., n-butyllithium, and reaction with carbon
dioxide provides the desired acid. Alternatively, a
2-thienylcarboxylic acid derivative may be sulfonated at the
3-position by reaction with, e.g., sulfur trioxide in sulfuric
acid. Conversion of the resulting sulfonic acid to a sulfonyl
chloride (by reaction with phosphorous pentachloride, phosphorous
trichloride, phosphorous oxychloride, thionyl chloride, or oxalyl
choride) followed by reaction with the appropriate amine provides
the desired sulfamoylthienylcarboxylic acid derivative. The
intermediate sulfonyl chloride may also be prepared directly by
reaction of the thienylcarboxylic acid derivative with
chlorosulfonic acid.
[0437] The N-(alkylisoxazolyl)sulfonamides can be prepared by
condensing an aminoisoxazole with a sulfonyl chloride in dry
pyridine with or without the catalyst 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.
The N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfonamides and
N-(4,5-dimethyl-3-isoxazoly- l)sulfonamides can be prepared from
the corresponding aminodimethylisoxazole, such as
5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole. For example,
N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(carbomethoxy)thiophene-3-sulfon-
amide was prepared from 2-methoxycarbonylthiophene-3-sulfonyl
chloride and 5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole in dry pyridine.
[0438] The N-(4-haloisoxazolyl)sulfonamides can be prepared by
condensation of amino-4-haloisoxazole with a sulfonyl chloride in
THF with sodium hydride as a base. For example,
N-(4-bromo-3-methyl-5-isoxazo- lyl)thiophene-2-sulfonamide was
prepared from 5-amino-4-bromo-3-methylisox- azole and
thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride in THF and sodium hydride.
[0439] These sulfonamides also can be prepared from the
corresponding sulfonyl chloride and the aminoisoxazole in pyridine
with or without a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine
(DMAP). In some cases, the bis-sulfonyl compound is obtained as the
major or exclusive product. The bis-sulfonated products can be
readily hydrolyzed to the sulfonamide using aqueous sodium
hydroxide and a suitable co-solvent, such as methanol or
tetrahydrofuran, generally at room temperature.
[0440] The substituted anilines may be synthesized by nitration of
the appropriate precursor substituted benzene with, e.g., a mixture
of nitric and sulfuric acid, or nitronium tetrafluoroborate.
Reduction of the resulting aromatic nitro compound with, e.g., zinc
powder, catalytic hydrogenation, stannous chloride, or any other
method known to those of skill in the art, affords the desired
aniline.
[0441] Coupling of the thienylcarboxylic acid with the aniline may
be accomplished by conversion of the acid to the corresponding acyl
imidazole (by reaction with, e.g., carbonyldiimidazole) or acyl
chloride (by reaction with, e.g., oxalyl choride or thionyl
chloride), followed by reaction with the aniline to give the
desired arylaminocarbonylthiophene compounds.
[0442] Some of the compounds described herein are
3-sulfamoyl-2-benzylamin- ocarbonylthiophene derivatives. In
preparing these compounds, the aniline in the above preparation is
replaced with a benzylamine. Appropriate benzylamines may be
synthesized by reaction of the corresponding benzyl halide with
azide, followed by reduction of the resulting benzyl azide by,
e.g., catalytic hydrogenation or treatment with a trialkyl- or
triarylphosphine.
[0443] Other compounds described herein are
3-sulfamoyl-2-arylacetylthioph- ene derivatives. These compounds
may be generated by addition of an appropriate benzylmagnesium
halide to a 3-sulfamoyl-2-thienylcarboxylic acid derivative, such
as an N-methyl-N-methoxyamide. This amide may be prepared by
reaction of the acid with carbonyidiimidazole, followed by reaction
with N-methyl-N-methoxyamine.
[0444] Prodrugs and other derivatives of the compounds suitable for
administration to humans may also be designed and prepared by
methods known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., Nogrady
(1985) Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach, Oxford
University Press, New York, pages 388-392).
[0445] Compounds described herein have been synthesized and tested
for activity in In vitro assays and, in some cases, in in vivo
animal models. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (NMR), mass
spectrometric, infrared spectroscopic and high performance liquid
chromatographic analyses indicated that the synthesized compounds
have structures consistent with those expected for such compounds
and are generally at least about 98% pure. All of the compounds
exemplified or described herein exhibited activity as endothelin
antagonists.
[0446] C. Evaluation of the Bioactivity of the Compounds
[0447] Standard physiological, pharmacological and biochemical
procedures are available for testing the compounds to identify
those that possess any biological activities of an endothelin
peptide or the ability to interfere with or inhibit endothelin
peptides. Compounds that exhibit in vitro activities, such as the
ability to bind to endothelin receptors or to compete with one or
more of the endothelin peptides for binding to endothelin receptors
can be used in the methods for isolation of endothelin receptors
and the methods for distinguishing the specificities of endothelin
receptors, and are candidates for use in the methods of treating
endothelin-mediated disorders.
[0448] Thus, other preferred compounds of formulas I and II, in
addition to those specifically identified herein, that are
endothelin antagonists or agonists may be identified using such
screening assays. 1. Identifying Compounds that Modulate the
Activity of an Endothelin Peptide
[0449] The compounds are tested for the ability to modulate the
activity of endothelin-1. Numerous assays are known to those of
skill in the art for evaluating the ability of compounds to
modulate the activity of endothelin (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al.; EP A1 0 436 189 to BANYU
PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. (Oct. 7, 1991); Borges et al. (1989) Eur.
J. Pharm. 165: 223-230; Filep et al. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res.
Commun. 177: 171-176). In vitro studies may be corroborated with in
vivo studies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et
al.; EP A1 0 436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. (Oct. 7,
1991)) and pharmaceutical activity thereby evaluated. Such assays
are described in the Examples herein and include the ability to
compete for binding to ET.sub.A and ET.sub.B receptors present on
membranes isolated from cell lines that have been genetically
engineered to express either ET.sub.A or ET.sub.B receptors on
their cell surfaces.
[0450] The properties of a potential antagonist may be assessed as
a function of its ability to inhibit an endothelin induced activity
in vitro using a particular tissue, such as rat portal vein and
aorta as well as rat uterus, trachea and vas deferens (see e.g.,
Borges, R., Von Grafenstein, H. and Knight, D. E., "Tissue
selectivity of endothelin," Eur. J. Pharmacol 165:223-230, (1989)).
The ability to act as an endothelin antagonist in vivo can be
tested in hypertensive rats, ddy mice or other recognized animal
models (see, Kaltenbronn et al. (1990) J. Med. Chem. 33:838-845,
see, also, U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al.; and EP A1 0
436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD (Oct. 7, 1991); see, also
Bolger et al. (1983) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 225291-309). Using
the results of such animal studies, pharmaceutical effectiveness
may be evaluated and pharmaceutically effective dosages determined.
A potential agonist may also be evaluated using in vitro and in
vivo assays known to those of skill in the art.
[0451] Endothelin activity can be identified by the ability of a
test compound to stimulate constriction of isolated rat thoracic
aorta (Borges et al. (1989) "Tissue selectivity of endothelin" Eur.
J. Pharmacol. 165: 223-230). To perform the assay, the endothelium
is abraded and ring segments mounted under tension in a tissue bath
and treated with endothelin in the presence of the test compound.
Changes in endothelin induced tension are recorded. Dose response
curves may be generated and used to provide information regarding
the relative inhibitory potency of the test compound. Other
tissues, including heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, uterus, trachea
and vas deferens, may be used for evaluating the effects of a
particular test compound on tissue contraction.
[0452] Endothelin isotype specific antagonists may be identified by
the ability of a test compound to interfere with endothelin binding
to different tissues or cells expressing different
endothelin-receptor subtypes, or to interfere with the biological
effects of endothelin or an endothelin isotype (Takayanagi et al.
(1991) Reg. Pep. 32: 23-37, Panek et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys.
Res. Commun. 183: 566-571). For example, ET.sub.B receptors are
expressed in vascular endothelial cells, possibly mediating the
release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (De
Nucci et al. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:9797). ET.sub.A
receptors are not detected in cultured endothelial cells, which
express ET.sub.B receptors.
[0453] The binding of compounds or inhibition of binding of
endothelin to ET.sub.B receptors can be assessed by measuring the
inhibition of endothelin-1-mediated release of prostacyclin, as
measured by its major stable metabolite, 6-keto PGF.sub.1a, from
cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (see, e.g., Filep et al.
(1991) Biochem. and Biophys Res. Commun. 177: 171-176). Thus, the
relative affinity of the compounds for different endothelin
receptors may be evaluated by determining the inhibitory dose
response curves using tissues that differ in receptor subtype.
[0454] Using such assays, the relative affinities of the compounds
for ET.sub.A receptors and ET.sub.B receptors have been and can be
assessed. Those that possess the desired properties, such as
specific inhibition of binding of endothelin-1, are selected. The
selected compounds that exhibit desirable activities may be
therapeutically useful and are tested for such uses using the
above-described assays from which in vivo effectiveness may be
evaluated (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,807; U.S. Pat. No.
5,240,910; U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,548; U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,195; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,082,838; U.S. Pat. No. 5,230,999; published Canadian
Application Nos. 2,067,288 and 2071193; published Great Britain
Application No. 2,259,450; Published International PCT Application
No. WO 93/08799; Benigi et al. (1993) Kidney International
44:440-444; and Nirei et al. (1993) Life Sciences 52:1869-1874).
Compounds that exhibit in vitro activities that correlate with in
vivo effectiveness will then be formulated in suitable
pharmaceutical compositions and used as therapeutics.
[0455] The compounds also may be used in methods for identifying
and isolating endothelin-specific receptors and aiding in the
design of compounds that are more potent endothelin antagonists or
agonists or that are more specific for a particular endothelin
receptor.
[0456] 2. Isolation of Endothelin Receptors
[0457] A method for identifying endothelin receptors is provided.
In practicing this method, one or more of the compounds is linked
to a support and used in methods of affinity purification of
receptors. By selecting compounds with particular specificities,
distinct subclasses of ET receptors may be identified.
[0458] One or more of the compounds may be linked to an appropriate
resin, such as Affi-gel, covalently or by other linkage, by methods
known to those of skill in the art for linking endothelin to such
resins (see, Schvartz et al. (1990) Endocrinology 126: 3218-3222).
The linked compounds can be those that are specific for ET.sub.A or
ET.sub.B receptors or other subclass of receptors.
[0459] The resin is pre-equilibrated with a suitable buffer
generally at a physiological pH (7 to 8). A composition containing
solubilized receptors from a selected tissue are mixed with the
resin to which the compound is linked and the receptors are
selectively eluted. The receptors can be identified by testing them
for binding to an endothelin isopeptide or analog or by other
methods by which proteins are identified and characterized.
Preparation of the receptors, the resin and the elution method may
be performed by modification of standard protocols known to those
of skill in the art (see, e.g., Schvartz et al. (1990)
Endocrinology 126: 3218-3222).
[0460] Other methods for distinguishing receptor type based on
differential affinity to any of the compounds herein are provided.
Any of the assays described herein for measuring the affinity of
selected compounds for endothelin receptors may also be used to
distinguish receptor subtypes based on affinity for particular
compounds provided herein. In particular, an unknown receptor may
be identified as an ET.sub.A or ET.sub.B receptor by measuring the
binding affinity of the unknown receptor for a compound provided
herein that has a known affinity for one receptor over the other.
Such preferential interaction is useful for determining the
particular disease that may be treated with a compound prepared as
described herein. For example, compounds with high affinity for
ET.sub.A receptors and little or no affinity for ET.sub.B receptors
are candidates for use as hypertensive agents; whereas, compounds
that preferentially interact with ET.sub.B receptors are candidates
for use as anti-asthma agents.
[0461] D. Formulation and Administration of the Compositions
[0462] Formulations of the sulfonamides are provided herein. The
formulations are compositions designed for administration of the
pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives, particularly salts of the
sulfonamide compounds provided herein. Because of the observed
superior stability characteristics of the salts, compared to the
neutral forms, such salts, particularly the sodium salts, are
particularly suitable for oral and parenteral administration. Such
compositions include solutions, suspensions, tablets, dispersible
tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained release formulations
and any other suitable formulation. Preferably the compositions
will take the form of a pill or tablet. Methods for manufacture of
tablets, capsules and other such formulations are known to those of
skill in the art (see, e.g., Ansel, H. C (1985) Introduction to
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, 4th Edition, pp. 126-163).
[0463] In the formulations, effective concentrations of one or more
pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives is (are) mixed with a
suitable pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle. Preferably, the
sulfonamide compounds are derivatized as the corresponding salts,
preferably sodium salts, prior to formulation, as described above.
The concentrations of the salts of the compounds in the
formulations are effective for delivery of an amount, upon
administration, that ameliorates the symptoms of the
endothelin-mediated disease. Typically, the compositions are
formulated for single dosage administration. To formulate a
composition, the weight fraction of compound is dissolved,
suspended, dispersed or otherwise mixed in a selected vehicle at an
effective concentration such that the treated condition is relieved
or ameliorated.
[0464] Pharmaceutical carriers or vehicles suitable for
administration of the compounds provided herein include any such
carriers known to those skilled in the art to be suitable for the
particular mode of administration. In addition, the compounds may
be formulated as the sole pharmaceutically active ingredient in the
composition or may be combined with other active ingredients.
Liposomal suspensions, including tissue-targeted liposomes, may
also be suitable as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These may
be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
For example, liposome formulations may be prepared as described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811.
[0465] The active compound as salt, preferably as a sodium salt, is
included in the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in an amount
sufficient to exert a therapeutically useful effect in the absence
of undesirable side effects on the patient treated. The
therapeutically effective concentration may be determined
empirically by testing the compounds in known in vitro and in vivo
systems (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al; EP
A1 0 436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD (Oct. 7, 1991);
Borges et al. (1989) Eur. J. Pharm. 165: 223-230;: Filep et al.
(1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177: 171-176) and then
extrapolated therefrom for dosages for humans.
[0466] The concentration of active compound sodium salt in the drug
composition will depend on absorption, inactivation and excretion
rates of the active compound, the physicochemical characteristics
of the compound, the dosage schedule, and amount administered as
well as other factors known to those of skill in the art. For
example, the amount that is delivered is sufficient to treat the
symptoms of hypertension. The effective amounts for treating
endothelin-mediated disorders are expected to be higher than the
amount of the sulfonamide compound that would be administered for
treating bacterial infections.
[0467] Typically a therapeutically effective dosage should produce
a serum concentration of active ingredient of from about 0.1 ng/ml
to about 50-100 .mu.g/ml. The pharmaceutical compositions typically
should provide a dosage of from about 0.001 mg to about 2000 mg of
compound per kilogram of body weight per day. Pharmaceutical dosage
unit forms are prepared to provide from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg
and preferably from about 10 to about 500 mg of the essential
active ingredient or a combination of essential ingredients per
dosage unit form.
[0468] The active ingredient may be administered at once, or may be
divided into a number of smaller doses to be administered at
intervals of time. It is understood that the precise dosage and
duration of treatment is a function of the disease being treated
and may be determined empirically using known testing protocols or
by extrapolation from in vivo or in vitro test data. It is to be
noted that concentrations and dosage values may also vary with the
severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further
understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage
regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual
need and the professional judgment of the person administering or
supervising the administration of the compositions, and that the
concentration ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are
not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed
compositions.
[0469] Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives include
acids, salts, esters, hydrates, solvates and prodrug forms. The
derivative is selected to be a more stable form than the
corresponding neutral compound. Preferred are
pharmaceutically-acceptable salts. More preferred salts include
alkali metal salts, particularly sodium salts, such as, but not
limited to, a sodium hydrogen phosphate salt and a sodium salt,
most preferrably the sodium salt.
[0470] Thus, effective concentrations or amounts of one or more of
the compounds provided herein or pharmaceutically acceptable
derivatives thereof are mixed with a suitable pharmaceutical
carrier or vehicle for systemic, topical or local administration to
form pharmaceutical compositions. Compounds are included in an
amount effective for ameliorating or treating the
endothelin-mediated disorder for which treatment is contemplated.
The concentration of active compound in the composition will depend
on absorption, inactivation, excretion rates of the active
compound, the dosage schedule, amount administered, particular
formulation as well as other factors known to those of skill in the
art.
[0471] The compositions are intended to be administered by an
suitable route, which includes orally, parenterally, rectally and
topically and locally depending upon the disorder being treated.
For example, for treatment of ophthalmic disorders, such as
glaucoma, formulation for intraocular and also intravitreal
injection is contemplated. For oral administration, capsules and
tablets are presently preferred. For parenteral administration
reconstitution of a lyophilized powder, prepared as described
herein, is preferred. The compounds in liquid, semi-liquid or solid
form and are formulated in a manner suitable for each route of
administration. Preferred modes of administration include
parenteral and oral modes of administration.
[0472] Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal,
subcutaneous, or topical application can include any of the
following components: a sterile diluent, such as water for
injection, saline solution, fixed oil, polyethylene glycol,
glycerine, propylene glycol or other synthetic solvent;
antimicrobial agents, such as benzyl alcohol and methyl parabens;
antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite; chelating
agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); buffers,
such as acetates, citrates and phosphates; and agents for the
adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
Parenteral preparations can be enclosed in ampules, disposable
syringes or single or multiple dose vials made of glass, plastic or
other suitable material.
[0473] In instances in which the compounds exhibit insufficient
solubility, methods for solubilizing compounds may be used. Such
methods are known to those of skill in this art, and include, but
are not limited to, using cosolvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide
(DMSO), using surfactants, such as tween, or dissolution in aqueous
sodium bicarbonate. Derivatives of the compounds, such as prodrugs
of the compounds may also be used in formulating effective
pharmaceutical compositions.
[0474] Upon mixing or addition of the sodium salt of the
sulfonamide compound(s), the resulting mixture may be a solution,
suspension, emulsion or the like. The form of the resulting mixture
depends upon a number of factors, including the intended mode of
administration and the solubility of the compound in the selected
carrier or vehicle. The effective concentration is sufficient for
ameliorating the symptoms of the disease, disorder or condition
treated and may be empirically determined.
[0475] The formulations are provided for administration to humans
and animals in unit dosage forms, such as tablets, capsules, pills,
powders, granules, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, and
oral solutions or suspensions, and oil-water emulsions containing
suitable quantities of the compounds, particularly the
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, preferably the sodium salts,
thereof. The pharmaceutically therapeutically active compounds and
derivatives thereof are typically formulated and administered in
unit-dosage forms or multiple-dosage forms. Unit-dose forms as used
herein refers to physically discrete units suitable for human and
animal subjects and packaged individually as is known in the art.
Each unit-dose contains a predetermined quantity of the
therapeutically active compound sufficient to produce the desired
therapeutic effect, in association with the required pharmaceutical
carrier, vehicle or diluent. Examples of unit-dose forms include
ampoules and syringes individually packaged tablet or capsule.
Unit-dose forms may be administered in fractions or multiples
thereof. A multiple-dose form is a plurality of identical
unit-dosage forms packaged in a single container to be administered
in segregated unit-dose form. Examples of multiple-dose forms
include vials, bottles of tablets or capsules or bottles of pint or
gallons. Hence, multiple dose form is a multiple of unit-doses
which are not segregated in packaging.
[0476] The composition can contain along with the active
ingredient: a diluent such as lactose, sucrose, dicalcium
phosphate, or carboxymethylcellulose; a lubricant, such as
magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and talc; and a binder such as
starch, natural gums, such as gum acaciagelatin, glucose, molasses,
polvinylpyrrolidine, celluloses and derivatives thereof, povidone,
crospovidones and other such binders known to those of skill in the
art. Liquid pharmaceutically administrable compositions can, for
example, be prepared by dissolving, dispersing, or otherwise mixing
an active compound as defined above and optional pharmaceutical
adjuvants in a carrier, such as, for example, water, saline,
aqueous dextrose, glycerol, glycols, ethanol, and the like, to
thereby form a solution or suspension. If desired, the
pharmaceutical composition to be administered may also contain
minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances such as wetting
agents, emulsifying agents, or solubilizing agents, pH buffering
agents and the like, for example, acetate, sodium citrate,
cyclodextrine derivatives, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine
sodium acetate, triethanolamine oleate, and other such agents.
Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known, or will be
apparent, to those skilled in this art; for example, see
Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company,
Easton, Pa., 15th Edition, 1975. The composition or formulation to
be administered will, in any event, contain a quantity of the
active compound in an amount sufficient to alleviate the symptoms
of the treated subject.
[0477] Dosage forms or compositions containing active ingredient in
the range of 0.005% to 100% with the balance made up from non-toxic
carrier may be prepared. For oral administration, a
pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic composition is formed by the
incorporation of any of the normally employed excipients, such as,
for example pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch,
magnesium stearate, talcum, cellulose derivatives, sodium
crosscarmellose, glucose, sucrose, magnesium carbonate or sodium
saccharin. Such compositions include solutions, suspensions,
tablets, capsules, powders and sustained release formulations, such
as, but not limited to, implants and microencapsulated delivery
systems, and biodegradable, biocompatible polymers, such as
collagen, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic
acid, polyorthoesters, polylactic acid and others. Methods for
preparation of these formulations are known to those skilled in the
art. he contemplated compositions may contain 0.001%-100% active
ingredient, preferably 0.1-85%, typically 75-95%.
[0478] The salts, preferably sodium salts, of the active compounds
may be prepared with carriers that protect the compound against
rapid elimination from the body, such as time release formulations
or coatings.
[0479] The formulations may be include other active compounds to
obtain desired combinations of properties. The compounds of formula
I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof
as described herein, may also be advantageously administered for
therapeutic or prophylactic purposes together with another
pharmacological agent known in the general art to be of value in
treating one or more of the diseases or medical conditions referred
to hereinabove, such as beta-adrenergic blocker (for example
atenolol), a calcium channel blocker (for example nifedipine), an
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (for example
lisinopril), a diuretic (for example furosemide or
hydrochlorothiazide), an endothelin converting enzyme (ECE)
inhibitor (for example phosphoramidon), a neutral endopeptidase
(NEP) inhibitor, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, a nitric oxide
donor, an anti-oxidant, a vasodilator, a dopamine agonist, a
neuroprotective agent, a steroid, a beta-agonist, an
anti-coagulant, or a thrombolytic agent. It is to be understood
that such combination therapy constitutes a further aspect of the
compositions and methods of treatment provided herein.
[0480] 1. Formulations for Oral Administration
[0481] Oral pharmaceutical dosage forms are either solid, gel or
liquid. The solid dosage forms are tablets, capsules, granules, and
bulk powders. Types of oral tablets include compressed, chewable
lozenges and tablets which may be enteric-coated, sugar-coated or
film-coated. Capsules may be hard or soft gelatin capsules, while
granules and powders may be provided in non-effervescent or
effervescent form with the combination of other ingredients known
to those skilled in the art.
[0482] In certain embodiments, the formulations are solid dosage
forms, preferably capsules or tablets. The tablets, pills,
capsules, troches and the like can contain any of the following
ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder; a diluent;
a disintegrating agent; a lubricant; a glidant; a sweetening agent;
and a flavoring agent.
[0483] Examples of binders include microcrystalline cellulose, gum
tragacanth, glucose solution, acacia mucilage, gelatin solution,
sucrose and starch paste. Lubricants include talc, starch,
magnesium or calcium stearate, lycopodium and stearic acid.
Diluents include, for example, lactose, sucrose, starch, kaolin,
salt, mannitol and dicalcium phosphate. Glidants include, but are
not limited to, colloidal silicon dioxide. Disintegrating agents
include crosscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, alginic
acid, corn starch, potato starch, bentonite, methylcellulose, agar
and carboxymethylcellulose. Coloring agents include, for example,
any of the approved certified water soluble FD and C dyes, mixtures
thereof; and water insoluble FD and C dyes suspended on alumina
hydrate. Sweetening agents include sucrose, lactose, mannitol and
artificial sweetening agents such as sodium cyclamate and
saccharin, and any number of spray dried flavors. Flavoring agents
include natural flavors extracted from plants such as fruits and
synthetic blends of compounds which produce a pleasant sensation,
such as, but not limited to peppermint and methyl salicylate.
Wetting agents include propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan
monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene
laural ether. Emetic-coatings include fatty acids, fats, waxes,
shellac, ammoniated shellac and cellulose acetate phthalates. Film
coatings include hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000 and cellulose
acetate phthalate.
[0484] If oral administration is desired, the salt of the compound
could be provided in a composition that protects it from the acidic
environment of the stomach. For example, the composition can be
formulated in an enteric coating that maintains its integrity in
the stomach and releases the active compound in the intestine. The
composition may also be formulated in combination with an antacid
or other such ingredient.
[0485] When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it can contain, in
addition to material of the above type, a liquid carrier such as a
fatty oil. In addition, dosage unit forms can contain various other
materials which modify the physical form of the dosage unit, for
example, coatings of sugar and other enteric agents. The compounds
can also be administered as a component of an elixir, suspension,
syrup, wafer, sprinkle, chewing gum or the like. A syrup may
contain, in addition to the active compounds, sucrose as a
sweetening agent and certain preservatives, dyes and colorings and
flavors.
[0486] The active materials can also be mixed with other active
materials which do not impair the desired action, or with materials
that supplement the desired action, such as antacids, H2 blockers,
and diuretics. For example, if the compound is used for treating
asthma or hypertension, it may be used with other bronchodilators
and antihypertensive agents, respectively. The active ingredient is
a compound or salt thereof as described herein. Higher
concentrations, up to about 98% by weight of the active ingredient
may be included.
[0487] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers included in tablets are
binders, lubricants, diluents, disintegrating agents, coloring
agents, flavoring agents, and wetting agents. Enteric-coated
tablets, because of the enteric-coating, resist the action of
stomach acid and dissolve or disintegrate in the neutral or
alkaline intestines. Sugar-coated tablets are compressed tablets to
which different layers of pharmaceutically acceptable substances
are applied. Film-coated tablets are compressed tablets which have
been coated with a polymer or other suitable coating. Multiple
compressed tablets are compressed tablets made by more than one
compression cycle utilizing the pharmaceutically acceptable
substances previously mentioned. Coloring agents may also be used
in the above dosage forms. Flavoring and sweetening agents are used
in compressed tablets, sugar-coated, multiple compressed and
chewable tablets. Flavoring and sweetening agents are especially
useful in the formation of chewable tablets and lozenges.
[0488] Liquid oral dosage forms include aqueous solutions,
emulsions, suspensions, solutions and/or suspensions reconstituted
from non-effervescent granules and effervescent preparations
reconstituted from effervescent granules. Aqueous solutions
include, for example, elixirs and syrups. Emulsions are either
oil-in-water or water-in-oil.
[0489] Elixirs are clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic preparations.
Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers used in elixirs include
solvents. Syrups are concentrated aqueous solutions of a sugar, for
example, sucrose, and may contain a preservative. An emulsion is a
two-phase system in which one liquid is dispersed in the form of
small globules throughout another liquid. Pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers used in emulsions are non-aqueous liquids,
emulsifying agents and preservatives. Suspensions use
pharmaceutically acceptable suspending agents and preservatives.
Pharmaceutically acceptable substances used in non-effervescent
granules, to be reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form,
include diluents, sweeteners and wetting agents. Pharmaceutically
acceptable substance used in effervescent granules, to be
reconstituted into a liquid oral dosage form, include organic adds
and a source of carbon dioxide. Coloring and flavoring agents are
used in all of the above dosage forms.
[0490] Solvents include glycerin, sorbitol, ethyl alcohol and
syrup. Examples of preservatives include glycerin, methyl and
propylparaben, benzoic add, sodium benzoate and alcohol. Examples
of non-aqueous liquids utilized in emulsions include mineral oil
and cottonseed oil. Examples of emulsifying agents include gelatin,
acacia, tragacanth, bentonite, and surfactants such as
polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. Suspending agents include
sodium carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, tragacanth, Veegum and
acacia. Diluents include lactose and sucrose. Sweetening agents
include sucrose, syrups, glycerin and artificial sweetening agents
such as sodium cyclamate and saccharin. Wetting agents include
propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene
glycol monolaurate and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. Organic adds
include citric and tartaric acid. Sources of carbon dioxide include
sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate. Coloring agents include
any of the approved certified water soluble FD and C dyes, and
mixtures thereof. Flavoring agents include natural flavors
extracted from plants such fruits, and synthetic blends of
compounds which produce a pleasant taste sensation.
[0491] For a solid dosage form, the solution or suspension, in for
example propylene carbonate, vegetable oils or triglycerides, is
preferably encapsulated in a gelatin capsule. Such solutions, and
the preparation and encapsulation thereof, are disclosed in U.S.
Pat. Nos 4,328,245; 4,409,239; and 4,410,545. For a liquid dosage
form, the solution, e.g., for example, in a polyethylene glycol,
may be diluted with a sufficient quantity of a pharmaceutically
acceptable liquid carrier, e.g. water, to be easily measured for
administration.
[0492] Alternatively, liquid or semi-solid oral formulations may be
prepared by dissolving or dispersing the active compound or salt in
vegetable oils, glycols, triglycerides, propylene glycol esters
(e.g. propylene carbonate) and other such carriers, and
encapsulating these solutions or suspensions in hard or soft
gelatin capsule shells. Other useful formulations include those set
forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. Re 28,819 and 4,358,603.
[0493] In one embodiment, the formulations are solid dosage forms,
preferably capsules or tablets. In a preferred embodiment, the
formulations are solid dosage forms, preferably capsules or
tablets, containing 10-100%, preferably 50-95%, more preferably
75-85%, most preferably 80-85%, by weight, of one or more
sulfonamides or sulfonamide salts, preferably sodium hydrogen
phosphate or sodium salts, more preferably the sodium salts, of one
or more sulfonamide compounds of formula I; about 0-25%, preferably
8-15%, of a diluent or a binder, such as lactose or
microcrystalline cellulose; about 0 to 10%, preferably about 0-7%,
of a disintegrant, such as a modified starch or cellulose polymer,
particularly a cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, such as
crosscarmellose sodium (Crosscarmellose sodium NF is available
commercially under the name AC-DI-SOL, FMC Corporation,
Philadelphia, Pa.) or sodium starch glycolate; and 0-2% of a
lubricant, such a magnesium stearate, talc and calcium stearate.
The disintegrant, such as crosscarmellose sodium or sodium starch
glycolate, provides for rapid break-up of the cellulosic matrix for
immediate release of active agent following dissolution of coating
polymer. In all embodiments, the precise amount of active
ingredient and auxilliary ingredients can be determined empirically
and is a function of the route of administration and the diorder
that is treated.
[0494] In an exemplary embodiment, the formulations are capsules
containing about 50%-100%, preferably about 70-90%, more preferably
about 80-90%, most preferably about 83% of one or more sodium salts
of one or more sulfonamide compounds of formula I; about 0-15%,
preferably about 11% of a diluent or a binder, such as lactose or
microcrystalline cellulose; about 0-10%, preferably about 5% of a
disintegrant, such as crosscarmellose sodium or sodium starch
glycolate; and about 0 to 5%, preferably about 1% of a lubricant,
such as magnesium stearate. Solid forms for administration as
tablets are also contemplated herein.
[0495] In an exemplary preferred embodiment, the formulations are
capsules containing 83% of one or more sodium salts of one or more
sulfonamide compounds; 11% of microcrystalline cellulose; 5% of a
disintegrant, such as Crosscarmellose sodium or sodium starch
glycolate; and 1% of magnesium stearate.
[0496] The above embodiments may also be formulated in the form of
a tablet, which may optionally be coated. Tablets will contain the
compositions described herein.
[0497] In all embodiments, tablets and capsules formulations may be
coated as known by those of skill in the art in order to modify or
sustain dissolution of the active ingredient. Thus, for example,
they may be coated with a conventional enterically digestible
coating, such as phenylsalicylate, waxes and cellulose acetate
phthalate.
[0498] 2. Injectables, Solutions and Emulsions
[0499] Parenteral administration, generally characterized by
injection, either subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously
is also contemplated herein. Injectables can be prepared in
conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions,
solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in liquid prior to
injection, or as emulsions. Suitable excipients are, for example,
water, saline, dextrose, glycerol or ethanol. In addition, if
desired, the pharmaceutical compositions to be administered may
also contain minor amounts of non-toxic auxiliary substances such
as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, stabilizers,
solubility enhancers, and other such agents, such as for example,
sodium acetate, sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate and
cyclodextrins. Implantation of a slow-release or sustained-release
system, such that a constant level of dosage is maintained (see,
e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,710,795) is also contemplated herein. The
percentage of active compound contained in such parenteral
compositions is highly dependent on the specific nature thereof, as
well as the activity of the compound and the needs of the
subject.
[0500] Parenteral administration of the formulations includes
intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administrations.
Preparations for parenteral administration include sterile
solutions ready for injection, sterile dry soluble products, such
as the lyophilized powders described herein, ready to be combined
with a solvent just prior to use, including hypodermic tablets,
sterile suspensions ready for injection, sterile dry insoluble
products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use and
sterile emulsions. The solutions may be either aqueous or
nonaqueous.
[0501] If administered intravenously, suitable carriers include
physiological saline or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and
solutions containing thickening and solubilizing agents, such as
glucose, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol and mixtures
thereof.
[0502] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers used in parenteral
preparations include aqueous vehicles, nonaqueous vehicles,
antimicrobial agents, isotonic agents, buffers, antioxidants, local
anesthetics, suspending and dispersing agents, emulsifying agents,
sequestering or chelating agents and other pharmaceutically
acceptable substances.
[0503] Examples of aqueous vehicles include Sodium Chloride
Injection, Ringers Injection, Isotonic Dextrose Injection, Sterile
Water Injection, Dextrose and Lactated Ringers Injection.
Nonaqueous parenteral vehicles include fixed oils of vegetable
origin, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil and peanut oil.
Antimicrobial agents in bacteriostatic or fungistatic
concentrations must be added to parenteral preparations packaged in
multiple-dose containers which include phenols or cresols,
mercurials, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methyl and propyl
p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters, thimerosal, benzalkonium chloride and
benzethonium chloride. Isotonic agents include sodium chloride and
dextrose. Buffers include phosphate and citrate. Antioxidants
include sodium bisulfate. Local anesthetics include procaine
hydrochloride. Suspending and dispersing agents include sodium
carboxymethylcelluose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and
polyvinylpyrrolidone. Emulsifying agents include Polysorbate 80
(Tween 80). A sequestering or chelating agent of metal ions include
EDTA. Pharmaceutical carriers also include ethyl alcohol,
polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol for water miscible
vehicles and sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, citric acid or
lactic acid for pH adjustment.
[0504] The concentration of the pharmaceutically active compound is
adjusted so that an injection provides an effective amount to
produce the desired pharmacological effect. The exact dose depends
on the age, weight and condition of the patient or animal as is
known in the art.
[0505] The unit-dose parenteral preparations are packaged in an
ampoule, a vial or a syringe with a needle. All preparations for
parenteral administration must be sterile, as is know and practiced
in the art.
[0506] Illustratively, intravenous or intraarterial infusion of a
sterile aqueous solution containing an active compound is an
effective mode of administration. Another embodiment is a sterile
aqueous or oily solution or suspension containing an active
material injected as necessary to produce the desired
pharmacological effect.
[0507] Injectables are designed for local and systemic
administration. Typically a therapeutically effective dosage is
formulated to contain a concentration of at least about 0.1% w/w up
to about 90% w/w or more, preferably more than 1% w/w of the active
compound to the treated tissue(s). The active ingredient may be
administered at once, or may be divided into a number of smaller
doses to be administered at intervals of time. It is understood
that the precise dosage and duration of treatment is a function of
the tissue being treated and may be determined empirically using
known testing protocols or by extrapolation from in vivo or in
vitro test data. It is to be noted that concentrations and dosage
values may also vary with the age of the individual treated. It is
to be further understood that for any particular subject, specific
dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the
individual need and the professional judgment of the person
administering or supervising the administration of the
formulations, and that the concentration ranges set forth herein
are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or
practice of the claimed formulations.
[0508] The compound may be suspended in micronized or other
suitable form or may be derivatized to produce a more soluble
active product or to produce a prodrug. The form of the resulting
mixture depends upon a number of factors, including the intended
mode of administration and the solubility of the compound in the
selected carrier or vehicle. The effective concentration is
sufficient for ameliorating the symptoms of the condition and may
be empirically determined.
[0509] In many instances, the solutions of sodium salts, including
the sodium salt and sodium hydrogen phosphate salts exhibit
compared to the neutral compound. These salts also exhibit improved
solubility over the neutral compound in aqueous media. The sodium
salt was found, in certain aqueous formulations, to be as stable as
the sodium hydrogen phosphate salt.
[0510] 3. Lyophilized Powders
[0511] Of particular interest herein are lyophilized powders, which
can be reconstituted for administration as solutions, emulsions and
other mixtures. They may also be reconstituted and formulated as
solids or gels.
[0512] In particular embodiments, formulations of sodium hydrogen
phosphate or sodium, preferably sodium, salts of the sulfonamide
compounds, which possess increased stability relative to
formulations of the neutral sulfonamides are provided.
Specifically, formulation of sulfonamide sodium salts as a sterile,
lyophilized powder are provided. These powders were found to have
increased stability relative to formulations of the neutral
sulfonamides.
[0513] The sterile, lyophilized powder is prepared by dissolving
the sodium salt in a sodium phosphate buffer solution containing
dextrose or other suitable excipient. Subsequent sterile filtration
of the solution followed by lyophilization under standard
conditions known to those of skill in the art provides the desired
formulation. Briefly, the lyophilized powder is prepared by
dissolving dextrose, sorbital, fructose, corn syrup, xylitol,
glycerin, glucose, sucrose or other suitable agent, about 1-20%,
preferably about 5 to 15%, in a suitable buffer, such as citrate,
sodium or potassium phosphate or other such buffer known to those
of skill in the art at, typically, about neutral pH. Then, a
selected salt, preferably the sodium salt of the sulfonamide (about
1 gm of the salt per 10-100 gms of the buffer solution, typically
about 1 gm/30 gms), is added to the resulting mixture, preferably
above room temperature, more preferably at about 30-35.degree. C.,
and stirred until it dissolves. The resulting mixture is diluted by
adding more buffer (so that the resulting concentration of the salt
decreases by about 10-50%, typically about 15-25%). The resulting
mixture is sterile filtered or treated to remove particulates and
to insure sterility, and apportioned into vials for lyophilization.
Each vial will contain a single dosage (100-500 mg, preferably 250
mg) or multiple dosages of the sulfonamide salt. The lyophilized
powder can be stored under appropriate conditions, such as at about
4.degree. C. to room temperature. Details of an exemplary procedure
are set forth in the Examples.
[0514] Reconstitution of this lyophilized powder with water for
injection provides a formulation for use in parenteral
administration of sodium salts of the sulfonamides. For
reconstitution about 1-50 mg, preferably 5-35, more preferably
about 9-30 is added per ml of sterile water or other suitable
carrier. The precise amount depends upon the indication treated and
selected compound. Such amount can be empirically determined.
[0515] In one embodiment, the formulations contain lyophilized
solids containing one or more sodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium,
preferably sodium, salts of one or more sulfonamide compounds of
formula 1, and also contain one or more of the following:
[0516] a buffer, such as sodium or potassium phosphate, or
citrate;
[0517] a solubilizing agent, such as LABRASOL, DMSO,
bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, ethanol, propyleneglycol (PG), or
polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP); and
[0518] a sugar, such as sorbitol or dextrose.
[0519] In more preferred embodiments, the formulations contain one
or more sodium hydrogen phosphate or sodium, preferably sodium,
salts of one or more sulfonamide compounds of formula I; a buffer,
such as sodium or potassium phosphate, or citrate; and a sugar,
such as sorbitol or dextrose.
[0520] In the most preferred embodiments, the formulations contain
one or more sodium salts of one or more sulfonamide compounds of
formula I; a sodium phosphate buffer; and dextrose.
[0521] 4. Topical Administration
[0522] Topical mixtures are prepared as described for the local and
systemic administration. The resulting mixture may be a solution,
suspension, emulsions or the like and are formulated as creams,
gels, ointments, emulsions, solutions, elixirs, lotions,
suspensions, tinctures, pastes, foams, aerosols, irrigations,
sprays, suppositories, bandages, dermal patches or any other
formulations suitable for topical administration.
[0523] The sodium salts and other derivatives of the compounds may
be formulated as aerosols for topical application, such as by
inhalation (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,044,126, 4,414,209, and
4,364,923, which describe aerosols for delivery of a steroid useful
for treatment inflammatory diseases, particularly asthma). These
formulations for administration to the respiratory tract can be in
the form of an aerosol or solution for a nebulizer, or as a
microfine powder for insufflation, alone or in combination with an
inert carrier such as lactose. In such a case, the particles of the
formulation will typically diameters of less than 50 microns,
preferably less than 10 microns.
[0524] The sodium salts of the compounds may be formulated for
local or topical application, such as for topical application to
the skin and mucous membranes, such as in the eye, in the form of
gels, creams, and lotions and for application to the eye or for
intracisternal or intraspinal application. Topical administration
is contemplated for transdermal delivery and also for
administration to the eyes or mucosa, or for inhalation therapies.
Nasal solutions of the active compound alone or in combination with
other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients can also be
administered.
[0525] These solutions, particularly those intended for ophthalmic
use, may be formulated as 0.01%-10% isotonic solutions, pH about
5-7, with appropriate salts.
[0526] 5. Articles of Manufacture
[0527] Finally, the derivatives, particularly the salts, acids,
esters and prodrugs, preferably the sodium salts, of the compounds
may be packaged as articles of manufacture containing packaging
material, a salt, acid, ester or prodrug, preferably a sodium salt,
of a compound provided herein, which is effective for antagonizing
the effects of endothelin, ameliorating the symptoms of an
endothelin-mediated disorder, or inhibiting binding of an
endothelin peptide to an ET receptor with an IC.sub.50 of less than
about 10 .mu.M, within the packaging material, and a label that
indicates that the compound or salt thereof is used for
antagonizing the effects of endothelin, treating
endothelin-mediated disorders or inhibiting the binding of an
endothelin peptide to an ET receptor.
[0528] 6. Formulations for Other Routes of Administration
[0529] Depending upon the condition treated other routes of
administration, such as topical application, transdermal patches,
an rectal administration are also contemplated herein.
[0530] For example, pharmaceutical dosage forms for rectal
administration are rectal suppositories, capsules and tablets for
systemic effect. Rectal suppositories are used herein mean solid
bodies for insertion into the rectum which melt or soften at body
temperature releasing one or more pharmacologically or
therapeutically active ingredients. Pharmaceutically acceptable
substances utilized in rectal suppositories are bases or vehicles
and agents to raise the melting point. Examples of bases include
cocoa butter (theobroma oil), glycerin-gelatin, carbowax,
(polyoxyethylene glycol) and appropriate mixtures of mono-, di- and
triglycerides of fatty acids. Combinations of the various bases may
be used. Agents to raise the melting point of suppositories include
spermaceti and wax. Rectal suppositories may be prepared either by
the compressed method or by molding. The typical weight of a rectal
suppository is about 2 to 3 gm.
[0531] Tablets and capsules for rectal administration are
manufactured using the same pharmaceutically acceptable substance
and by the same methods as for formulations for oral
administration.
[0532] The following examples are included for illustrative
purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the
invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[0533] Methyl
2-(3-(3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thienylc-
arboxamido)-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)Acetate
[0534] A. Methyl 3-Amino-2,4,6-Trimethylphenylacetate
[0535] To a solution of 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline (see
Example 14, procedure C) (5 g, 28.7 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) was
added concentrated sulfuric acid (30 mL) with cooling. The
resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 8 h before it was
allowed to cool to rt and diluted with water (100 mL). The mixture
was stripped off methanol and the residue was basified with sodium
carbonate and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer
was worked up and concentrated as usual to give the desired
compound as an oil (5.2 g, 88%).
[0536] B. Methyl
2-(3-(3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thien-
ylcarboxamido)-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)Acetate
[0537] To a solution of
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-3-sulfamoylthio-
phene-2-carboxylic acid (1 g, 3.1 mmol) in anhydrous
N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
(553 mg, 3.41 mmol). After the gas evolution ceased, methyl
3-amino-2,4,6-trimethylphenylacetate (3.1 g, 15 mmol) was added and
the resulting mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 24 h. The
mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and poured to cold
0.5 M HCl (100 mL). The resulted precipitate was filtered and then
purified by HPLC to give the desired compound as solid (mp
75-78.degree. C., 238 mg, 15%).
EXAMPLE 2
[0538]
2-(3-(3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thienylcarboxam-
ido)-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)Acetic Acid
[0539] A solution of methyl
2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamo-
yl)-2-thienylcarboxamido)-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetate (100 mg,
0.195 mmol) (Example 1) in 1 N NaOH (50 mL) was stirred at rt for 4
h before it was acidified with concentrated HCl to pH-1.2. The
resulted white precipitate was filtered and dried on lyophilyzer to
give
2-(3-(3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thienylcarboxamido)-2-
,4,6-trimethylphenyl)acetic acid as a white solid (mp
110-113.degree. C., 74 mg, 76%).
EXAMPLE 3
[0540]
N.sup.2-(3-Dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-
-Methyl-5-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
Trifluoroacetate
[0541] A. 3-Dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0542] To a mixture of THF (20 mL) and dimethylamine (20 mL, 40% wt
in water) at 0.degree. C. was added 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl chloride
(5 g, 29.64 mmol). The mixture was allowed to warm up to room
temperature and stirred for 4 h before THF was evaporated and the
aqueous residue was extracted with ether. The organic layer was
worked up and concentrated as usual to give
2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-dimethylamine in quantitative yield. This
compound was then nitrated and the resulted nitro compound reduced
to the corresponding aniline as demonstrated in Example 14.
[0543] B.
N.sup.2-(3-Dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chlor-
o-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
Trifluoroacetate
[0544]
N.sup.2-(3-dimethylaminomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-
-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
trifluoroacetate was synthesized and purified in the same fashion
as for Example 1 as a powder (mp 92-94.degree. C., 18% yield).
EXAMPLE 4
[0545]
N.sup.2-(3-Methanesulfonamido-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-3-(4-Chloro-3--
Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0546] A. 3-Methanesulfamido-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0547] To a solution of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3-phenylenediamine (5.82
g, 38.76 mmol) and triethylamine (3.6 mL, 25.84 mmol) in ethyl
acetate (100 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added methanesulfonyl chloride
(2 mL, 25.84 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight. The
resulted precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was
concentrated. The resulted solid was recrystallized from MeOH to
give the desired product (3 g, 50% yield).
[0548] B.
N.sup.2-(3-Methanesulfonamido-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-3-(4-Chloro-
-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0549]
N.sup.2-(3-Methanesulfonamido-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl-3-(4-chloro-3--
methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as in Example 1 as a powder (mp
130-133.degree. C., 19% yield).
EXAMPLE 5
[0550]
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-Dimethyl-6-Aminocarbonylp-
henylaminocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0551] A. 2-Cyano-4,6-Dimethylaniline
[0552] To a solution of 2,4-dimethylaniline (9.80 g, 80.9 mmol) in
dichloromethane (200 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added
N-bromosuccinimide (15.1 g, 84.9 mmol) slowly. The mixture was
allowed to warmed to room temperature and stirred at room
temperature overnight before it was washed with 1 N NaOH. The
organic layer was worked up and concentrated as usual. The residue
was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (120 mL) followed by the
addition of cuprous cyanide (14.5 g, 161.8 mmol). The mixture was
heated under reflux for 8 h and then allowed to cool to rt and
poured into water (1 L). The mixture was treated with excess
ethylenediamine and the precipitate was filtered, redissolved in
ethyl acetate, dried with MgSO.sub.4 and then concentrated to give
the desired compound as an oil (6.7 g, 55%).
[0553] B.
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-Dimethyl-6-Aminocarbon-
ylphenylaminocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0554]
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-dimethyl-6-aminocarbonylp-
henylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as for Example 14. The cyano group was
hydrolyzed to the corresponding amide during deprotection of the
MOM group.
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4-dimethyl-6-aminocarbonylphenyla-
minocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was obtained as a solid (mp
40-43.degree. C., 61%).
EXAMPLE 6
[0555]
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Is-
oxazolyl)sulfamoyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0556] A. 3-Acetoxy-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0557] To a solution of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (10 g, 73.5 mmol) and
triethylamine (11.1 g, 110.3 mmol) in ethyl acetate (200 mL) was
added acetyl chloride (7.5 g, 95.6 mmol) dropwise at 0.degree. C.
The mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with
water and the organic layer was washed with 1 N HCl. The organic
layer was dried and concentrated as usual. The residue was nitrated
Example 14 (procedure B) and reduced as demonstrated for Example 14
(procedure C) to give 3-acetoxy-2,4,6-trimethylaniline.
[0558] B.
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-
-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0559]
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-is-
oxazolyl)sulfamoyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as for Example 14. The acetoxy group
was hydrolyzed to the corresponding hydroxyl during deprotection of
the MOM group.
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazol-
yl)sulfamoyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was obtained as a solid (mp
75-78.degree. C., 54%).
EXAMPLE 7
[0560]
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-Carboxyl-2,4-
,6-Trimethylphenyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0561] A. Allyl 3-Amino-2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoate
[0562] To a solution of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid (10 g, 61 mmol)
in DMF (100 mL) were sequentially added potassium carbonate (17 g,
122 mmol) and allyl bromide (11 g, 91.5 mmol). The mixture was
stirred at rt overnight before it was poured into water (.about.1
L). The resulted precipitate was filtered and washed with water,
then dried in vacuo to give allyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate as a
solid (10.2 g, 82%) which was nitrated and then reduced as shown
for Example 14 (procedure B and C) to give allyl
3-amino-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoate.
[0563] B.
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-Carboxyl--
2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0564]
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-carboxyl-2,4-
,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as for Example 14. The allyl group was
deprotected using a literature procedure.
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N
.sup.2-(3-carboxyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
was obtained as a solid (mp 179-181.degree. C., 24%).
EXAMPLE 8
[0565]
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-Carboxyl-4,6-
-Dimethyl)Phenyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0566]
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-carboxyl-4,6-
-dimethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as for Example 14 using
2-amino-3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid.
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-carboxyl-4,6-
-dimethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was obtained as a solid (mp
171-174.degree. C., 66%).
EXAMPLE 9
[0567]
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-Phenyl-4,6-D-
imethyl)Phenyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0568] A. 2-Amino-3,5-Dimethylbiphenyl
[0569] 2-Bromo-4,6-dimethylaniline was coupled with phenyl boronic
acid under Suzuki conditions to give 2-amino-3,5-dimethylbiphenyl
in 68% yield.
[0570] B.
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-Phenyl-4,-
6-Dimethyl)Phenyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0571]
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(2-phenyl-4,6-d-
imethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and purified
in the same fashion as in Example 14.
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoy-
l-N.sup.2-(2-phenyl-4,6-dimethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was
obtained as a solid (mp 178-181.degree. C., 59%).
EXAMPLE 10
[0572]
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-Sulfamoyl-2,-
4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0573] A. 3-Sulfamoyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0574] To a solution of mesitylenesulfonyl chloride (5 g, 22.9
mmol) in THF (50 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added ammonium hydroxide
(20 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min before all the
volatiles were evaporated. The resulted white solid was filtered
off water and nitrated and reduced as demonstrated in Example 14
(procedure B and C) to give 3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline in
47% yield.
[0575] B.
3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-Sulfamoyl-
-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Phenyl-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0576]
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,-
4,6-trimethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide was synthesized and
purified in the same fashion as in Example 14.
3-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)s-
ulfamoyl-N.sup.2-(3-sulfamoyl-2,4,6-trimethyl)phenyl-2-thiophenecarboxamid-
e was obtained as a solid (mp 214-217.degree. C., 69%).
EXAMPLE 11
[0577]
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(Pentamethylphenylaminocarbony-
l)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0578] A. Pentamethylaniline
[0579] To a solution of pentamethylbenzene (5 g, 33.8 mmol) in
dichloromethane (250 mL) at 0.degree. C. was quickly added
nitronium tetrafluoroborate (5 g). The mixture was stirred for 4 h
before it was quenched with cold water. The organic layer was
concentrated and the residue was reduced (Example 14, procedure C)
to give pentamethylaniline in 52% yield.
[0580] B.
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(Pentamethylphenylaminocarb-
onyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0581]
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(pentamethylphenylaminocarbony-
l)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was synthesized and purified in the same
fashion as in Example 14.
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(pentamethylphenyl-
aminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was obtained as a solid (mp
196-198.degree. C., 69%).
EXAMPLE 12
[0582]
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenylmethylam-
inocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0583] A. 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylamine
[0584] To a solution of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl chloride (5 g, 29.7
mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was added sodium azide (2.9 g, 44.6 mmol).
The mixture was heated at 60.degree. C. for 3 h before it was
allowed to cool to rt and poured to water (200 mL). The resulted
precipitate was filtered dissolved in wet THF (50 mL) followed by
the addition of triphenylphosphine (15.6, 59.4 mmol). The mixture
was heated under reflux for 3 h and the volatiles were evaporated.
The residue was added to 1 N HCl (200 mL) and the solids were
filtered off. The filtrate was basified and the resulted
precipitate was filtered, dried under vacuum to give
2,4,6-trimethylbenzylamine (2.7 g, 61% yield).
[0585] B.
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenylmethy-
laminocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0586]
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4,6-trimethylphenylmethylam-
inocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was synthesized and purified in
the same fashion as in Example 14.
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(2,4,-
6-trimethylphenylmethylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was
obtained as a solid (mp 175-177.degree. C., 73%).
EXAMPLE 13
[0587]
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethyl-
phenylmethylaminocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0588] A. 3--Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylbenzylamine
[0589] To a solution of
1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (10 g, 46 mmol) in
DMSO (30 mL) was added sodium cyanide (2.25 g, 46 mmol). The
mixture was stirred at rt overnight before sodium azide (4.5 g, 69
mmol) was added. The mixture was heated at 80.degree. C. for 3 h
before it was poured into water (300 mL). The resulting precipitate
was filtered to give a 2:1:1.5 mixture of
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl azide,
1,3-bis(cyanomethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene and
1,3-bis(azidomethyl)-2,4,- 6-trimethylbenzene. This mixture was not
separated but was treated with triphenylphosphine (18 g, 69 mmol)
in wet THF. The reaction was conducted and worked up as in Example
12 (procedure A) only that the HCl solution was basified with
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 until no more gas evolution observed. The mixture
was extracted with dichloromethane and concentrated to give only
the desired 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzylamine (2 g, 25%
yield).
[0590] B.
N-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Isoxazolyl)-2-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimet-
hylphenylmethylaminocarbonyl)Thiophene-3-Sulfonamide
[0591]
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl-
phenylmethylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide was synthesized
and purified in the same fashion as in Example 14.
N-(4-Chloro-3-methyl-5-iso-
xazolyl)-2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenylmethylaminocarbonyl)thiophe-
ne-3-sulfonamide was obtained as a solid (mp 76-79.degree. C.,
53%).
EXAMPLE 14
[0592]
N-(3--Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Iso-
xazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide,
N(Sulfonamide)-Na-Salt
[0593] A. 2,4,6-Trimethylphenylacetonitrile
[0594] To a mixture of .alpha.-chloroisodurene (5 g, 29.64 mmol)
and sodium cyanide (5.8 g, 118.6 mmol) was added anhydrous DMSO (16
mL). The exothermic reaction was stirred until the reaction mixture
was a room temperature again, then heated at 80.degree. C. for 30
min. To work up the reaction mixture was poured into water (200
mL). The resulted white precipitate was filtered, washed with
water, dried to give 2,4,6-trimethylphenylacetonitrile as a white
powder (4.5 g, 95%).
[0595] B. 3-Cyanomethyl-1-Nitro-2,4,6-Trimethylbenzene
[0596] To a suspension of 2,4,6-trimethylphenylacetonitrile (4.5 g)
in acetic acid (40 mL) at RT was added dropwise 70% HNO.sub.3 (20
mL) and conc. H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (5 mL). The brown reaction mixture
was stirred for 1 h, poured into ice-water (500 mL). The product
was extracted into ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with
water, dried over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give
3-cyanomethyl-1-nitro-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene as an oil (5.8 g,
quantitative yield).
[0597] C. 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0598] To a solution of
3-cyanomethyl-1-nitro-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (5.8 g in methanol
(150 mL) were sequentially added ammonium chloride (6 g in 50 mL of
water), zinc powder (6 g). The exothermic reaction was vigorously
stirred until it was back to RT (2 h). To work up the crude mixture
was filtered off and the cake was washed with methanol. The
methanolic solutions were concentrated and the residue partitioned
between ethyl acetate and 1 N NaOH. The organic layer was dried
over MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline as a light brown solid (3.4 g,
69%).
[0599] D. 5-Amino-4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazole
[0600] To a solution of 5-Amino-3-methylisoxazole (9.8 g, 100 mmol)
in methylene chloride (200 mL) was added N-Chlorosuccinimide (14.7
g, 110 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over the period of 20 min. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at RT. To work up the reaction
mixture was concentrated and partitioned between 1 N NaOH (150
mL)/ethyl acetate (400 mL). The organic layer was washed with 1 N
NaOH, water, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4 then concentrated to a
brown solid. For purification the product was reprecipitated from
chloroform/hexane then recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane to
give 5-amino-4-chloro-3-methylisoxazole as a brownish solid (5.5 g,
41%).
[0601] E.
2-Carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)]Thiophenesu-
lfonamide
[0602] To a slurry of 60% mineral oil suspension of NaH (8.5 g,
0.21 mol) in THF (100 mL) at -20.degree. C. was added a solution of
5-amino-4-chloro-3-methylisoxazole (12.4 g, 92.4 mmol) in anhydrous
THF (65 mL) under nitrogen over a period of 20 min. After 10 min
stirring was added a solution of 2-Carbomethoxy-3-thiophenesulfonyl
chloride (22.2 g, 92.4 mmol) in THF (65 ml) at -20.degree. C. over
15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min then quenched
with H.sub.2O (5 mL) at the same temperature. To work up the
reaction mixture was poured into 4N HCl and the product was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed
with water then the compound was extracted with half-saturated
NaHCO.sub.3. The combined basic solutions were decolorized with
activated charcoal, cooled to 0.degree. C. and acidified with 4N
HCl. The product was isolated by filtration, washed with water,
dried to give
2-carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)]thiophenesulfon-
amide as a white powder (23.4 g, 75%).
[0603] F.
2--Carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-MOM]Thio-
phenesulfonamide
[0604] To a solution of
2-carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-y-
l)]thiophenesulfonamide (3.3 g, 10.0 mmol) in THF (50 mL)
diisopropyl ethyl amine (1.9 g, 15.0 mmol) was added at 0.degree.
C. followed by addition of bromomethyl methyl ether (1.5 g, 12.0
mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT. To work up
the reaction mixture was concentrated and partitioned between water
and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water, brine,
dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated to give
2-carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-MOM]thioph-
enesulfonamide as a greenish oil (3.5 g, 90%).
[0605] G.
2-Carboxy-3-[N-(4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-MOM]Thiophenes-
ulfonamide
[0606]
2--Carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-MOM]thiophe-
nesulfonamide (3.0 g, 7.8 mmol) in a mixture of THF (30 mL) and 1 N
NaOH (30 mL) was stirred for 3 h at RT. The reaction mixture was
diluted with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL).
The water solution was acidified with 1 N HCl then extracted with
ethyl acetate. The organics were washed with water, brine, dried
over MgSO4 and concentrated to give
2-carboxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-MOM]]thiophenes-
ulfonamide as an oil (quantitative yield).
[0607] H.
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazol-5-y])Aminosulfonyl]Thiophe-
ne-2-Carbonyl Chloride
[0608] To a solution of
2-carboxy-3-[N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-N--
MOM]thiophenesulfonamide (1.5 g, 4.1 mmol) in a mixture of THF (10
mL) and chloroform (5 mL) pyridine (1 drop) was added at 0.degree.
C. followed by addition of 2 M solution of oxalyl chloride (4.5 mL,
9.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT. To
work up the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure to remove all volatiles. The desired product was obtained
as a sticky oil which solidifies upon standing.
[0609] I.
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-e-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophe-
ne-2-Carboxylic Acid, 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylanilide
[0610] To a solution of 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline (1.2
g, 6.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) under nitrogen was added a solution of
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)aminosulfonyl]thiophene-2-carb-
onyl chloride (1.3 mg, 3.3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at 0.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to RT and stirred for 2 h.
To work up the reaction mixture was poured into 0.05N HCl and the
product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were washed
with 0.05N HCl, water, half-saturated NaHCO.sub.3, water, brine,
dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated. Purification via column
chromatography (silica, 40% ethyl acetate/hexane) gave
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl-
)aminosulfonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid,
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethyla- nilide as a clear oil (1.3 g,
76%).
[0611] J.
N-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-I-
soxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide,
N(Sulfonamide)-Na-Salt
[0612] A solution of
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)aminosulfo-
nyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid,
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilide (500 mg, 0.95 mmol) in THF (4
mL) and conc. HCl (2 mL) was stirred at 65-72.degree. C. for 3.5 h.
To work up the reaction mixture was cooled and poured into water
(50 mL). The product was taken into ethyl acetate. The extract was
washed with water, brine saturated NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over
MgSO.sub.4, concentrated as an oil. The oil was recrystallized from
ethyl acetate/hexane to give
N-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-
-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
as a white solid (410 mg, 91%). The product (300 mg, 0.63 mmol) was
dissolved in ethyl acetate (70 mL). The solution was washed with
saturated NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated
under reduced pressure. Methylene chloride (10 mL) was added with
stirring followed by addition of ether. Na-salt of
N-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(-
4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide was
precipitated as a white solid which was isolated by filtration (292
mg, 92%).
[0613] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 1.99 (s, 3H); 2.13(s,
3H); 2.21 (s, 3H); 2.33 (s, 3H); 3.90 (s,2H); 7.03 (s, 1H); 7.43
(d, 2H); 7.72 (d, 1H); 11.15 (s, 1H). IR (KBr) 3445, 2977, 2258,
1602, 1417, 1292, 1132, 1090 cm.sup.-1. Elemental analysis found:
C, 44.68; H, 3.92; N, 10.18.
C.sub.20H.sub.18CIN.sub.4NaO.sub.4S.sub.2.cndot.2.0 H.sub.2O
requires: C, 44.73; H, 4.13; N, 10.43.
EXAMPLE 15
[0614]
2-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Is-
oxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide,
N(Sulfonamide)-Na-Salt
[0615] A. 3-Nitro-2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoic Acid
[0616] To a suspension of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid (4.6 g, 28
mmol) in 70% HNO.sub.3 (85 mL) conc. H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (5 mL). was
added dropwise at RT. The brown reaction mixture was stirred for 1
h, poured into ice-water (500 mL). The product was extracted into
ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with water, dried over
MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give 3-nitro-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic
acid as a yellow solid (6.7 g, 94%).
[0617] B. 3-Nitro-2,4,6-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol
[0618] To a solution of 3-nitro-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid (6.7 g,
31.9 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) was added 1 M solution of
BH3.cndot.THF in THF (63.8 mL, 63.8 mmol) dropwise at 0.degree. C.
The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at RT, cooled to
0.degree. C. and quenched with water. The product was extracted
into ethyl acetate, the extract was washed with water, dried over
MgSO.sub.4 and concentrated to give
1-acetoxymethyl-3-nitro-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene as a light yellow
oil (6.3 g, 89%).
[0619] C. 3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0620] To a solution of
1-acetoxymethyl-3-nitro-2,4,6-trimethybenzene (6.0 g, 25.2 mmol) in
methanol (100 mL) were sequentially added ammonium chloride (2.7 g
in 25 mL of water), zinc powder (11 g). The exothermic reaction was
vigorously stirred until it was back to RT (2 h). To work up the
crude mixture was filtered off and the cake was washed with
methanol. The methanolic solutions were concentrated to a volume of
20 mL, added 1 N HCl (300 mL). The insoluble material was removed
by filtration, the solution was basified with solid NaHCO.sub.3.
The semicrystalline precipitate was taken into ethyl acetate. The
extract was concentrated and the residual product purified by means
of column chromatography (25% ethyl acetate/hexane) to give
3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline as a pink oil (3.8 g,
75%).
[0621] D.
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-Methylisoxazol-5-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophe-
ne-2-Carboxylic Acid, 3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylanilide
[0622] This compound was synthesized in the same fashion as for
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)aminosulfonyl]thiophene-2-carb-
oxylic acid, 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilide.
[0623] E.
2-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-
-Isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide,
N(Sulfonamide)-Na-Salt
[0624] To a solution of
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)aminosu-
lfonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, 3-acetoxymethylanilide (400 mg,
0.90 mmol) in acetic acid (4 mL) at 50.degree. C. water (2 mL) and
2 N H.sub.2SO.sub.4 (2 drops) were added afterwards the reaction
mixture was stirred for 3.0 h at 75-80.degree. C. To work up the
reaction mixture was cooled and poured into water (20 mL). The
product was taken into ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with
water, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated to an oil. Column
chromatography (10% methanol/methylene chloride) followed by
trituration of the obtained oily material with ethyl acetate/hexane
afforded 2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-
-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
as a white powder (180 mg, 49%). The above-material (240 mg, 0.47
mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (70 mL). The solution was
washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4,
concentrated under reduced pressure. Methylene chloride (10 mL) was
added with stirring followed by addition of ether. Na-salt of
2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimet-
hylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxam-
ide was precipitated as a white solid which was isolated by
filtration (209 mg, 83%).
[0625] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 1.98 (s, 3H); 2.02 (s,
3H); 2.13 (s, 3H); 2.17 (s, 3H); 2.31 (s, 3H); 5.11 (s, 2H); 6.99
(s, 1H); 7.41 (d, 2H); 7.71 (d, 1H); 11.09 (s, 1H). IR (KBr) 3447,
2963, 1730, 1602, 1497, 1417, 1261, 1133, 1089 cm.sup.-1. Elemental
analysis found: C, 44.94; H, 4.20; N, 7.12.
C.sub.21H.sub.21CIN.sub.3NaO.sub.6S.sub.2.cndot.1.5 H.sub.2O
requires: C, 44.96; H, 4.31; N, 7.44.
EXAMPLE 16
[0626]
2-(3-Hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-Chloro-3-Methyl-5-Is-
oxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0627] A solution of
2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-(4-chloro-
-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide (Example 1
5) (250 mg, 0.49 mmol) in anh. MeOH (5 mL) was cooled to 0.degree.
C. and charged with 25% solution of sodium methoxide in MeOH (1.08
g, 5.0 mmol). Stirred for 30 min at 0.degree. C. then the methanol
was removed. Added 1 N HCl (10 mL). The compound was taken into
ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, brine, dried over
MgSO.sub.4, concentrated. The residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate then the product was precipitated by addition of hexane.
This gave 2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-
)-3-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolylsulfamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide
as a white powder (205 mg, 90%).
[0628] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 1.99 (s, 3H); 2.11 (s,
3H); 2.22(s, 3H); 2.31 (s, 3H); 4.47 (s, 2H); 6.91 (s, 1H); 7.41
(d, 2H); 7.73 (d, 1H); 10.83 (s, 1H). IR (KBr) 3424, 2963, 1637,
1527, 1492, 1411, 1267, 1186, 1151, 1109 cm.sup.-1. Elemental
analysis found: C, 48.50; H, 4.10; N, 8.63.
C.sub.19H.sub.20CIN.sub.3O.sub.5S.sub.2 requires: C, 48.56; H,
4.29; N, 8.94.
EXAMPLE 17
[0629]
3-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazolyl-3-Aminosulfonyl)Thiophene-2-Carboxyl-
ic Acid, N-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Anilide, Na-Salt
[0630] A. 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0631] 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline was synthesized and
purified as in Example 14.
[0632] B. 3-Amino-4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazole
[0633] To a solution of 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole (9.8 g, 100 mmol)
in methylene chloride (200 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (14.6
g, 110 mmol) at 0.degree. C. over the period of 20 min. The
reaction mixture was stirred overnight. To work up the reaction
mixture was concentrated and partitioned between 1 N NaOH (150
mL)/ethyl acetate (400 mL). The organic layer was washed with 1 N
NaOH, water, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4 then concentrated to a
brown solid. For purification the product was reprecipitated from
chloroform/hexane to give 3-amino-4-chloro-5-methylis- oxazole as a
brownish solid (9.5 g, 71%).
[0634] C.
2--Carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazol-3-yl)]Thiophenes-
ulfonamide
[0635] To a solution of 3-amino-4-chloro-5-methylisoxazole (6.1 g,
45.4 mmol) in anhydrous pyridine (7 mL) under nitrogen was added
2-carbomethoxy-3-thiophenesulfonyl chloride (14.2 g, 59.0 mmol) at
0.degree. C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm up to RT and
stirred for 2 h. To work up the reaction mixture was poured into 1
N HCl and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The
combined organics were washed with 1 N HCl, water then the compound
was extracted with half-saturated NaHCO.sub.3. The combined basic
solutions were cooled to 0.degree. C. and acidified with 4 N HCl.
The product was isolated by filtration, washed with water, dried to
give 2-carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chlor-
o-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)]thiophenesulfonamide as a white powder
(5.3 g, 34%).
[0636] D.
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazol-3-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophe-
ne-2-Carbonyl Chloride
[0637]
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)aminosulfonyl]thiophene--
2-carbonyl chloride was synthesized in the same fashion as for
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)aminosulfonyl]thiophene-2-carb-
onyl chloride (see EXAMPLE 14).
[0638] E.
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazol-3-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophe-
ne-2-Carboxylic Acid, 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylanilide
[0639]
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)aminosulfonyl]thiophene--
2-carboxylic acid, 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilide was
synthesized in the same fashion as for
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-Chloro-3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)aminos-
ulfonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid,
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilide (see EXAMPLE 14).
EXAMPLE 18
[0640]
3-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazolyl-3-Aminosulfonyl)Thiophene-2-Carboxyl-
ic Acid, N-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethyl)anilide
[0641]
3-(4-Chloro-5-methylisoxazolyl-3-aminosulfonyl)thiophene-2-carboxyl-
ic acid, N-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl)anilide as a free acid
was synthesized in the same fashion as in Example 15.
[0642] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.02 (3, 3H); 2.17 (m,
9H); 2.33 (s, 3H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 6.97 (s, 1H); 7.35 (d, 2H); 7.62
(d, 1H); 11.38 (s, 1H). IR (KBr) 3444, 2963, 1734, 1634, 1544,
1485, 1412, 1256, 1159, 1122 cm.sup.-1. Elemental analysis found:
C, 45.03; H, 4.27; N, 7.16.
C.sub.21H.sub.22CIN.sub.3O.sub.6S.sub.2.cndot.1.5 H.sub.2O
requires: C, 44.96; H, 4.31; N, 7.44.
EXAMPLE 19
[0643]
3-(4-Chloro-5-Methylisoxazolyl-3-Aminosulfonyl)Thiophene-2-Carboxyl-
ic Acid, N-(3-Hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethyl)Anilide
[0644]
3-(4-Chloro-5-methylisoxazolyl-3-aminosulfonyl)thiophene-2-carboxyl-
ic acid, N-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethyl)anilide as a free acid
was synthesized in the same fashion as in Example 16.
[0645] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.15 (s, 3H); 2.24 (s,
3H); 2.33 (m, 6H); 4.48 (s, 2H); 6.92 (s, 1H); 7.43 (d, 2H); 7.80
(d, 1H). IR(KBr) 3443, 2963, 1641, 1522, 1490, 1184 cm.sup.-1.
Elemental analysis found: C, 47.69; H, 4.24; N, 8.63.
C.sub.19H.sub.20CIN.sub.3O.sub.5S.sub.2.cndot- .0.5 H.sub.2O
requires: C, 47.65; H, 4.42; N, 8.77.
EXAMPLE 20
[0646]
3-[N-(Benzo-2,1,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophene-2-Carboxy-
lic Acid, 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylanilide
[0647] A. 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylaniline
[0648] 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline was synthesized and
purified as in EXAMPLE 14.
[0649] B. 5-Aminobenzo-2,1,3-Thiadiazole
[0650] To a solution of 5-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole in a mixture
of dioxane (22 mL) and ethanol (22 mL) at RT added solid SnCl.sub.2
followed by addition of water (1 mL). The reaction mixture was
warmed up to 50.degree. C. and stirred for 10 min, cooled to RT,
concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate/1 N NaOH. The
organic layer was washed with 1 N NaOH, water, brine, dried over
MgSO.sub.4 and charcoal. Evaporation of the solvent gave
5-aminobenzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole as a yellow powder (3.0 g, 88%).
[0651] C.
2--Carbomethoxy-3-[N-(Benzo-2,1,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl)]Thiophenesulf-
onamide
[0652]
2-Carboxmethoxy-3[N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)]thiophenesulfonam-
ide was synthesized in the same fashion as for
2-carbomethoxy-3-[N-(4-chlo-
ro-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)]thiophenesulfonamide (Example 17).
[0653] D.
3-[N-MOM-N-(Benzo-2,1,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl)Aminosulfonyl]-2-Thiophe-
necarbonyl Chloride
[0654]
3-[N-MOM-N-(Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)aminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenec-
arbonyl chloride was synthesized in the same fashion as for
3-[N-MOM-N-(4-chloro-5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)aminosulfonyl]-thiophene-2-car-
bonyl chloride (Example 14).
[0655] E.
3-[N-(Benzo-2,1,3-Thiadiazol-5-yl)Aminosulfonyl]Thiophene-2-Carb-
oxylic Acid, 3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylanilide
[0656] To a solution of 3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline (400
mg, 2.27 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at 0.degree. C. a solution of
3-[N-MOM-N-(benzo-2,1,3-
-thiadiazol-5-yl)aminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (442
mg, 1.08 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture
stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction mixture was poured into 1 N HCl
and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with 1 N
HCl, water, brine, dried over MgSO.sub.4, concentrated. Column
chromatography (25% ethyl acetate/hexane on Silica Gel) followed by
recrystallization of the obtained material from ethyl
acetate/hexane gave 3-[N-(benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)aminosul-
fonyl]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid,
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylanilide as a white solid (19 mg,
3.5%).
[0657] .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 2.21 (s, 3H); 2.26 (s,
3H); 2.34 (s, 3H); 3.93 (s, 2H); 7.06 (s, 1H); 7.48 (d, 1H); 7.55
(m, 1H); 7.72 (m, 1H); 7.82 (d, 1H); 7.99 (m, 1H); 10.18 (s, 1H);
10.80 (s, 1H). IR(KBr) 3447, 3240, 2974, 1651, 1529, 1458, 1271,
1187, 1145 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 21
[0658]
N.sup.2-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethyl-5-Is-
oxazolyl)Sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide, Na-Salt
[0659] A.
5-[N-(2-Carbomethoxythienyl-3-Sulfonyl)Amino]-3,4-Dimethylisoxaz-
ole
[0660] To a solution of 5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (2.0 g, 17.83
mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) were added triethylamine (5.5 mL,
39.24 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.2 g, 0.89 mmol), then
cooled to 0.degree. C. 2-(Methoxycarbonyl)thiophenesulfonyl
chloride (9.44 g, 39.22 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temperature overnight, then mixed with water (60
mL). The organic material was separated, and the aqueous layer was
extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.30 mL). The extracts were
combined and washed with water (60 mL) and saturated sodium
chloride (60 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated to give
5-[N,
N-bis(2-carbomethoxythienyl-3-sulfonyl)amino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole
(10.02 g,>100%) as a brown oil. This crude product (10.02 g,
19.25 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (64 mL). Potassium
hydroxide (1.1 g, 19.25 mmol) was added at 0.degree. C., and
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 15 minutes. The mixture was acidified
to pH 2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl
acetate (3.times.100 mL), washed with water (250 mL) and saturated
sodium chloride (250 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated.
The residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2,
hexane: ethyl acetate/3:1) to give
5-[N-(2-carbomethoxythienyl-3-sulfonyl)amino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole
(5.43 g, 84%) as a yellow oil.
[0661] B.
5-[N-Methoxymethyl-(2-Carbomethoxythienyl-3-Sulfonyl)Amino]-3,4--
Dimethylisoxazole
[0662] To a solution of
5-[N-(2-carbomethoxythienyl-3-sulfonyl)amino]-3,4--
dimethylisoxazole (5.43 g, 17.16 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL)
at 0.degree. C. was added N,N-diisopropylethylamine (9.0 mL, 51.49
mmol) followed by bromomethyl methyl ether (1.5 mL, 18.88 mmol).
The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15
minutes, then quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate. The
organic material was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted
with dichloromethane (2.times.25 mL). The extracts were combined
and washed with water (50 mL) and saturated sodium chloride (50
mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated. The residue was
purified by flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2, hexane:ethyl
acetate/6:1, then 3:1) to give
5-[N-methoxymethyl-(2-carbomethoxythienyl--
3-sulfonyl)amino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (5.71 g, 92%) as a yellow
oil.
[0663] C.
5-[N-Methoxymethyl-(2-Carboxythienyl-3-Sulfonyl)Amino]-3,4-Dimet-
hylisoxazole
[0664] To a solution of
5-[N-methoxymethyl-(2-carbomethoxythienyl-3-sulfon-
yl)amino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (5.71 g, 15.84 mmol) in THF (30 mL)
was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.95 g, 23.77 mmol) in
water (15 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature
overnight. The reaction was acidified to pH 3 with 2 N hydrochloric
acid while cooling at 0.degree. C., then extracted with ethyl
acetate (3.times.50 mL). The organic layer was washed with
saturated sodium chloride (100 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), and
concentrated to give 5-[N-methoxymethyl-(2-carboxythien-
yl-3-sulfonyl)amino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (3.50 g, 64%) as a
yellow solid.
[0665] D.
3-[N-3,4-Dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-Methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2--
Thiophenecarbonyl Chloride
[0666] To a solution of
5-[N-methoxymethyl-(2-carboxythienyl-3-sulfonyl)am-
ino]-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (3.49 g, 10.08 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) at 0.degree. C. was added pyridine (3 drops) followed by
oxalyl chloride (11 mL, 22.17 mmol). The mixture was stirred at
room temperature overnight, then concentrated to dryness to give
3-[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazo-
l-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride
(4.01 g,>100%) as a yellow oil.
[0667] E.
N2_(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[N-(3,4-Dimethylisoxa-
zol-5-yl)-N-Methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0668] To a solution of
3-[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylam-
inosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (0.49 g, 1.34 mmol) in
dichloromethane (4 mL) was added
3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline (0.24 g, 1.34 mmol) at
0.degree. C. Triethylamine (0.21 mL, 1.47 mmol) and
4-dimethylaminopyridine (16 mg, 0.13 mmol) were added. The mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then mixed with water
(10 mL). The organic material was separated, and the aqueous layer
was extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.5 mL). The extracts
were combined and washed with water (10 mL) and saturated sodium
chloride (10 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated. The
residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2,
hexane:ethyl acetate/3:1, then 1:1) to give
N.sup.2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol--
5-yl)-N-methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide (0.28 g,
41%) as a yellow oil.
[0669] F.
N.sup.2-(3-Cyanomethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-Dimethyl-5-
-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide, Na-Salt
[0670] To a solution of
N.sup.2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-[N-
-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarb-
oxamide (2.29 g, 4.56 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added concentrated
hydrochloric acid (5 mL). The reaction was heated at 65.degree. C.
for 2 hours, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The mixture
was poured into ice water (100 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.100 mL), washed with saturated sodium chloride (150 mL),
dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated. The residue was purified by
reverse-phase HPLC (20-80% acetonitrile in water). Acetonitrile was
removed in vacuo. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl
acetate (3.times.100 mL). The extracts were combined and washed
with saturated sodium chloride (200 mL), then with saturated sodium
bicarbonate (3.times.200 mL). The organic layer was washed with
saturated sodium chloride (200 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then
concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse-phase HPLC
(20-80% acetonitrile in water). Acetonitrile was removed in vacuo.
The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.100
mL). The extracts were combined and washed with saturated sodium
chloride (200 mL), then with saturated sodium bicarbonate
(3.times.200 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated
sodium chloride (200 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated.
The residue was dissolved in water (300 mL) and lyophilized to give
N.sup.2-(3-cyanomethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethyl-5--
isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide, Na-salt (0.45 g, 21%)
as a white powder, mp 153-173.degree. C.
[0671] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.69 (d, J=4.76
Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=5.16 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 2.32
(s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H)
ppm. IR (KBr) 3449, 2249, 1623, 1421, 1121 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 22
[0672]
N.sup.2-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-Dimethyl-5--
Isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide and
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxymethyl--
2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-Dimethyl-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophen-
ecarboxamide
[0673] A.
N.sup.2-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[N-(3,4-Dimeth-
ylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-Methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0674] To a solution of
3-[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylam-
inosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (1.1 g, 2.97 mmol) in
dichloromethane (9 mL) was added
3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylaniline (0.6 g, 2.97 mmol) at
0.degree. C. Triethylamine (0.46 mL, 3.26 mmol) and
4-dimethylaminopyridine (36 mg, 0.30 mmol) were added. The mixture
was stirred at room temperature overnight, then mixed with water
(10 mL). The organic material was separated, and the aqueous layer
was extracted with dichloromethane (2.times.10 mL). The extracts
were combined and washed with water (20 mL) and saturated sodium
chloride (20 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated. The
residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO.sub.2,
hexane:ethyl acetate/2:1) to give
N.sup.2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazo-
l-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide (0.79
g, 50%) as a yellow oil.
[0675] B.
N.sup.2-(3-Acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-Dimethyl-
-5-Isoxazolyl)Sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide and
N.sup.2-(3-Hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-Dimethyl-5-Isoxaz-
olyl)Sulfamoyl]-2-Thiophenecarboxamide
[0676] To a solution of
N.sup.2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3--
[N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)-N-methoxymethylaminosulfonyl]-2-thiopheneca-
rboxamide (0.78 g, 1.46 mmol) in acetic acid (7 mL) and water (3
mL) was added 2 N sulfuric acid (3 drops). The reaction was heated
at 80.degree. C. for 4 hours, then allowed to cool to room
temperature. The mixture was poured into ice water (50 mL),
extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.50 mL), washed with saturated
sodium chloride (50 mL), dried (MgSO.sub.4), then concentrated. The
residue was purified by reverse-phase HPLC (20-80% acetonitrile in
water) which gave N.sup.2-(3-acetoxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethy-
lphenyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide
(0.2 g, 28%) as an off-white powder, mp 75-77.degree. C.
[0677] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO-d.sub.6) .delta. 7.85 (d, J=5.12
Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=5.12 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 2.30
(s, 3H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H),
1.65 (s, 3H) ppm. IR (KBr) 3458, 1738, 1646, 1356, 1181 cm.sup.-1.
And
N.sup.2-(3-hydroxymethyl-2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxaz-
olyl)sulfamoyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide (45 mg, 6.9%), ratio 4:1
respectively, as a white powder, mp 100-115.degree. C.
[0678] .sup.1H NMR (400 MHZ, DMSO-d.sub.6).delta. 7.84 (3, J=5.12
Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=5.16 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 2H), 2.33
(s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.65 (s, 3H). IR
(KBr) 3439, 1651, 1341, 1181 cm.sup.-1.
EXAMPLE 23
[0679] Formulations of Sulfonamide Sodium Salts
[0680] A. Formulation of Sulfonamide Sodium Salts for Intraveneous
Administration
[0681] Phosphate buffer is prepared by adding 3200 mL of sterile
water for injection, USP, to a 4 L graduated cylinder. Sodium
phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, USP (21.44 g) is added to the
sterile water and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes or until the
solid had dissolved. Sodium phosphate monobasic, USP (11.04 g) is
added and the mixture was stirred until the solids had dissolved.
The solution was diluted to 4.0 L and stirred. 3000 g of the sodium
phosphate buffer is added to an eight liter beaker. Dextrose, USP
(200.0 g) is added, and the mixture is heated to 30-35.degree. C.
in a water bath and stirred until a complete solution formed. A
sulfonamide sodium salt (100.0 g) is added with efficient mixing.
This mixture is stirred for a minimum of ten minutes or until a
solution formed. The solution was removed from the water bath after
the sodium salt dissolved. The solution was diluted to 4000 g with
sodium phosphate buffer and stirred for five minutes. This solution
is sterile filtered using a sterile 0.22 micron pre-size Durapore
Millipak 200 filter. The filtered solution is filled into sterile
vials and lyophilized under standard conditions. The vials are
stoppered. The lyophilized product was then reconstituted with
either 9.4 mL or 19.4 mL of water for injection, to give a final
concentration of 25 mg/mL or 12.5 mg/mL, respectively.
[0682] B. Formulation of Sulfonamide Sodium Salts for Oral
Administration
[0683] These formulations may be prepared by methods known to those
of skill in the art (see, e.g., Ansel Introduction to
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms (4th Edition) 1985 (Lea &
Febiger)). In general, the tablets may be prepared by wet or dry
granulation of the ingredients, followed by compression.
Alternatively, the combined ingredients may be formed into tablets
by direct compression. In the preparation of capsules, the combined
sulfonamide sodium salt, excipient (diluent), binder,
disintegrating agent and lubricant are filled directly into the
capsule shell. The optimal amount of active and inert ingredients
in these formulations may be determined empirically by methods
known to those of skill in the art. In general, the amount of
active ingredient (i.e., sulfonamide sodium salt) will be
sufficient to provide a therapeutically-effective dose of the
active ingredient. The therapeutically effective dose may be
determined empirically by testing the compounds in known in vitro
and in vivo systems (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa
et al.; EP A1 0 436 189 to BANYU PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD (Oct. 7,
1991); Borges et al. (1989) Eur. J. Pharm. 165: 223-230;: Filep et
al. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 177: 171-176) and then
extrapolated therefrom for dosages for humans.
EXAMPLE 24
[0684] Assays for Identifying Compounds that Exhibit Endothelin
Antagonistic and/or Agonist Activity
[0685] Compounds that are potential endothelin antagonists are
identified by testing their ability to compete with
.sup.125I-labeled ET-1 for binding to human ET.sub.A receptors or
ET.sub.B receptors present on isolated cell membranes. The
effectiveness of the test compound as an antagonist or agonist of
the biological tissue response of endothelin can also be assessed
by measuring the effect on endothelin induced contraction of
isolated rat thoracic aortic rings. The ability of the compounds to
act as antagonists or agonists for ET.sub.B receptors can be assess
by testing the ability of the compounds are to inhibit endothelin-1
induced prostacyclin release from cultured bovine aortic
endothelial cells.
[0686] A. Endothelin Binding Inhibition--Binding Test #1:
Inhibition of Binding to ET.sub.A Receptors
[0687] TE 671 cells (ATCC Accession No. HTB 139) express ET.sub.A
receptors. These cells were grown to confluence in T-175 flasks.
Cells from multiple flasks were collected by scraping, pooled and
centrifuged for 10 min at 190.times.g. The cells were resuspended
in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 10 mM EDTA using a
Tenbroeck homogenizer. The suspension was centrifuged at 4.degree.
C. at 57,800.times.g for 15 min, the pellet was resuspended in 5 mL
of buffer A (5 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 containing aprotinin (100
KIU/mL)) and then frozen and thawed once. 5 mL of Buffer B (5 mM
HEPES Buffer, pH 7.4 containing 10 mM MnCl.sub.2 and 0.001%
deoxyribonuclease Type 1) was added, the suspension mixed by
inversion and then incubated at 37.degree. C. for 30 minutes. The
mixture was centrifuged at 57,800.times.g as described above, the
pellet washed twice with buffer A and then resuspended in buffer C
(30 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 containing aprotinin (100 KIU/mL) to
give a final protein concentration of 2 mg/mL and stored at
-70.degree. C. until use.
[0688] The membrane suspension was diluted with binding buffer (30
mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 containing 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM MgCl.sub.2,
0.5% Bacitracin) to a concentration of 8 .mu.g/50 .mu.L.
.sup.125I-endothelin-1 (3,000 cpm, 50 mL) was added to 50 .mu.L of
either: (A) endothelin-1 (for non specific binding) to give a final
concentration 80 nM); (B) binding buffer (for total binding); or
(C) a test compound (final concentration 1 nM to 100 .mu.M). The
membrane suspension (50 .mu.L), containing up to 8 .mu.g of
membrane protein, was added to each of (A), (B), or (C). Mixtures
were shaken, and incubated at 4.degree. C. for 16-18 hours, and
then centrifuged at 4.degree. C. for 25 min at 2,500.times.g.
Alternatively, the incubation was conducted at 24.degree. C. When
incubated at 24.degree. C., the IC.sub.50 concentrations are 2- to
10-fold higher than when the incubation is conducted at 4.degree.
C. This, must be kept in mind when comparing IC.sub.50
concentrations among compounds provided herein.
[0689] The supernatant, containing unbound radioactivity, was
decanted and the pellet counted on a Genesys multiwell gamma
counter. The degree of inhibition of binding (D) was calculated
according to the following equation: 1 % D = 100 - ( C ) - ( A ) (
B ) - ( A ) .times. 100
[0690] Each test was generally performed in triplicate.
[0691] B. Endothelin Binding Inhibition--Binding Test #2:
Inhibition of Binding to ET.sub.B Receptors
[0692] COS7 cells were transfected with DNA encoding the ET.sub.B
receptor, The resulting cells, which express the human ET.sub.B
receptor, were grown to confluence in T-150 flasks. Membrane was
prepared as described above. The binding assay was performed as
described above using the membrane preparation diluted with binding
buffer to a concentration of 1 .mu.g/50 .mu.L.
[0693] Briefly, the COS7 cells, described above, that had been
transfected with DNA encoding the ET.sub.B receptor and express the
human ET.sub.B receptor on their surfaces were grown to confluence
in T-175 flasks. Cells from multiple flasks were collected by
scraping, pooled and centrifuged for 10 min at 190.times.g. The
cells were resuspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS)
containing 10 mM EDTA using a Tenbroeck homogenizer. The suspension
was centrifuged at 4.degree. C. 57,800.times.g for 15 min, the
pellet was resuspended in 5 mL of buffer A (5 mM HEPES buffer, pH
7.4 containing aprotinin (100 KIU/mL)) and then frozen and thawed
once. Five mL of Buffer B (5 mM HEPES Buffer, pH 7.4 containing 10
mM MnCl.sub.2 and 0.001% deoxyribonuclease Type 1) was added, the
suspension mixed by inversion and then incubated at 37.degree. C.
for 30 minutes. The mixture was centrifuged at 57,800.times.g as
described above, the pellet washed twice with buffer A and then
resuspended in buffer C (30 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4 containing
aprotinin (100 KIU/mL) to give a final protein concentration of 2
mg/mL.
[0694] The binding assay was performed as described above using the
membrane preparation diluted to give 1 .mu.g/50 .mu.L of binding
buffer.
[0695] C. Test for Activity Against Endothelin-Induced Contraction
of Isolated Rat Thoracic Aortic Rings
[0696] The effectiveness of the test compound as an antagonist or
agonist of the biological tissue response of endothelin also is
assessed by measuring the effect on endothelin induced contraction
of isolated rat thoracic aortic rings (see, e.g., Borges et al.
(1989) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 165:223-230) or by measuring the ability
to contract the tissue when added alone.
[0697] Compounds to be tested are prepared as 100 .mu.M stocks. If
necessary to effect dissolution, the compounds are first dissolved
in a minimum amount of DMSO and diluted with 150 mM NaCl. Because
DMSO can cause relaxation of the aortic ring, control solutions
containing varying concentrations of DMSO were tested.
[0698] The thoracic portion of the adult rat aorta is excised, the
endothelium abraded by gentle rubbing and then cut into 3 mm ring
segments. Segments are suspended under a 2 g preload in a 10 mL
organ bath filled with Krebs'-Henseleit solution saturated with a
gas mixture of 95% O.sub.2 and 5% CO.sub.2 (118 mM NaCl, 4.7 mM
KCl, 1.2 mM MgSO.sub.4, 1.2 mM KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, 25 mM NaHCO.sub.3,
2.5 mM CaCl.sub.2, 10 mM D-glucose).
[0699] There is a correlation between activity as an antagonist of
endothelin-induced thoracic aortic ring contraction and activity as
an inhibitor of binding of endothelin to endothelin receptors. The
pA.sub.2 is a linear function of the log of the IC.sub.50.
[0700] D. Assay for Identifying Compounds that have Agonist and/or
Antagonistic Activity Against ET.sub.B Receptors
[0701] 1. Stimulation of Prostacyclin Release
[0702] Since endothelin-1 stimulates the release of prostacyclin
from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells, the compounds that
have agonist or antagonist activity are identified by their ability
to inhibit endothelin-1 induced prostacyclin release from such
endothelial cells by measuring 6-keto PGF.sub.1a substantially as
described by (Filep et al. (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
177 171-176. Bovine aortic cells are obtained from
collagenase-treated bovine aorta, seeded into culture plates, grown
in Medium 199 supplemented with heat inactivated 15% fetal calf
serum, and L-glutamine (2 mM), penicillin, streptomycin and
fungizone, and subcultured at least four times. The cells are then
seeded in six-well plates in the same medium. Eight hours before
the assay, after the cells reach confluence, the medium is
replaced. The cells are then incubated with a) medium alone, b)
medium containing endothelin-1 (10 nM), c) test compound alone, and
d) test compound+endothelin-1 (10 nM).
[0703] After a 1 5 min incubation, the medium is removed from each
well and the concentrations of 6-keto PGF.sub.1a are measured by a
direct immunoassay. Prostacyclin production is calculated as the
difference between the amount of 6-keto PGF.sub.1a released by the
cells challenged with the endothelin-1 minus the amount released by
identically treated unchallenged cells. Compounds that stimulate
6-keto PGF.sub.1a release possess agonist activity and those which
inhibit endothelin-1 6-keto PGF.sub.1a release possess antagonist
activity.
[0704] 2. Inhibition of Sarafotoxin 6c Induced Contraction
[0705] Sarafotoxin 6c is a specific ET.sub.B antagonist that
contracts rat fundal stomach strips. The effectiveness of tests
compounds to inhibit this sarafotoxin 6c-induced contraction of rat
fundal stomach strips is used as a measure ET.sub.B antagonist
activity. Two isolated rat fundal stomach strips are suspended
under a 1 g load in a 10 mL organ bath filled with Krebs'-Henseleit
solution containing 10 .mu.M cyclo(D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu-D-Trp)
(BQ-123; see, U.S. Pat. No. 5,114,918 to Ishikawa et al.), 5 .mu.M
indomethacin, and saturated with a gas mixture of 95% O.sub.2/5%
CO.sub.2. Changes in tension are measured isometrically and
recorded using a Grass Polygraph coupled to a force transducer.
Sarafotoxin 6c is added cumulatively to one strip while the second
strip is preincubated for 15 min with a test compound prior to
addition of cumulative doses of sarafotoxin 6c. The effects of the
test compounds on the concentration-response curve for sarafotoxin
6c are examined.
[0706] E. Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-Salt Hypertensive Rat
Model for Assessing In Vivo Activity of Selected Compounds
[0707] Selected compounds disclosed herein have been tested for
activity in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt
hypertensive rat model. To perform these tests, silastic MDX4-4210
elastomer implants containing 47 mg (DOCA) were prepared according
to the method of Ornmsbee et al. ((1973) the J. Pharm. Sci.
62:255-257). Briefly, DOCA is incorporated into silicon rubber
implants for sustained release. To prepare the implants the DOCA is
incorporated into unpolymerized silicone rubber, catalyst is added
and the mixture is cast in a hemicylindrical shape.
[0708] Sprague Dawley rats (7-8 weeks old) were unilaterally
nephrectomized under ketamine anesthesia and a DOCA-implant was
placed on the left lateral dorsal abdomen of the animal. The rats
were allowed to recover for three weeks. During recovery they were
permitted free access to normal rat chow and 0.9% NaCl drinking
solution in place of drinking water. The rats develop hypertension
within 3 weeks.
[0709] All animals were used in the tests between 21 and 30 days
post surgery. The mean arterial blood pressure in these animals
ranged from 165-200 mm Hg.
[0710] On the day of experimentation, catheters were inserted under
brevital anesthesia into the right femoral artery for measurement
of blood pressure, and into the right femoral vein for
administration of a selected compound. The animals were placed in a
restrainer and allowed to recover for a minimum of 60 min or until
a steady mean arterial blood pressure was recorded. At that time,
the selected compound or control vehicle was administered either
intravenously, as a 60 minute infusion, or orally by oral gavage.
Blood pressure was recorded continuously for a further 10 hrs.
[0711] F. Effect of Intravenous Administration on ET-1-Induced
Pressor Responses in Conscious, Autonomically Blocked Rats; a Model
for Assessing In Vivo Activity of Selected Compounds
[0712] Male Sprague Dawley rats (250-450 g) were anesthetized
(Brevital 50 mg/kg, IP) and cannulae were placed in the femoral
artery to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in the femoral
vein for intravenous drug administration. Animals were placed in a
restrainer and allowed to regain consciousness. Thirty minutes
later autonomic blockade was administered (atropine methyl nitrate,
3 mg/kg, IV, followed by propranalol, 2 mg/kg, IV). An hour later
animals received a bolus injection of vehicle (0.5 mL) followed
thirty minutes later by intravenous bolus administration of ET-1
(Control, 1 .mu.g/kg). Following recovery from this challenge, test
-compounds were administered by intravenous bolus administration
(0.5 mL) and then re-challenged with ET-1 thirty minutes later.
Results are expressed as the percent inhibition of the ET-1-induced
pressor response after administration of the test compound compared
to the pressor response induced by the control ET-1 challenge. In
some cases a third ET-1 challenge was administered ninety minutes
after administration of the test compound.
[0713] G. Results
[0714] 1. In Vitro
[0715] The IC.sub.50 for each of the compounds of the preceding
Examples for ET.sub.A and ET, receptors has been measured. Almost
all of the compounds have an IC.sub.50 of less than 10 .mu.M for
either or both of the ET.sub.A and ET.sub.B receptors. Many of the
compounds have an IC.sub.50 less than about 10 .mu.M, others have
an IC.sub.50 less than about 1 .mu.M and some of the compounds have
an IC.sub.50 less than about 0.1 .mu.M. A number of the compounds
have an IC.sub.50. for ET.sub.A receptors that is substantially
less (10 to 100-fold or more) than for ET.sub.B receptors, and,
thus are selective for ET.sub.A receptors. Others of the compounds
are ET.sub.B selective.
[0716] 2. In Vivo
[0717] Selected compounds, such as
N-(4-chloro-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)-2-(3-
-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylphenylaminocarbonyl)thiophene-3-sulfonamide,
have been tested in the hypertensive rat model, and were effective
in decreasing blood pressure.
[0718] Since modifications will be apparent to those of skill in
this art, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *