U.S. patent application number 10/257582 was filed with the patent office on 2003-10-09 for method and apparatus for electromedical theraphy.
Invention is credited to Shloznikov, Boris.
Application Number | 20030191506 10/257582 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24188588 |
Filed Date | 2003-10-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030191506 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shloznikov, Boris |
October 9, 2003 |
Method and apparatus for electromedical theraphy
Abstract
An apparatus, for providing therapeutic electrical signals has a
plurality of sets of electrodes, each set of electrodes comprising
at least two electrodes for applying the therapeutic electrical
signal to a user. The electrodes (60) are arranged on a flexible
platform (50) which can substantially conform to surfaces of the
user. In one embodiment, the sets of electrodes (60) comprise at
least three electrodes arranged in a substantially chevron pattern
with a centre electrode having the opposite potential to the side
electrode. Different types of therapeutic electrical signals are
generated by a signal generator (24) applying a base wave within a
frequency of about 150 KHz to 180 KHz at different frequencies
between about 2 to 100 times in a second. A switch selectively
switches the different types of therapeutic electrical signals in
the predetermined pattern and can decrease the therapeutic
electrical signals from its maximum to its minimum within about 0.1
to 0.01 microseconds.
Inventors: |
Shloznikov, Boris; (Ontario,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Stephen M De Klerk
Blakely Sokoloff Taylor & Zafman
7th Floor
12400 Wilshire Boulevard
Los Angeles
CA
90025
US
|
Family ID: |
24188588 |
Appl. No.: |
10/257582 |
Filed: |
June 2, 2003 |
PCT Filed: |
April 11, 2001 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CA01/00521 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
607/46 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N 1/0456 20130101;
A61N 1/32 20130101; A61N 1/36021 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
607/46 |
International
Class: |
A61N 001/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 12, 2000 |
US |
09548375 |
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An apparatus (10, 300) for providing therapeutic electrical
signals, said apparatus comprising: signal generator means 24 for
generating the therapeutic electrical signal; a plurality of sets
of electrodes (60a to 60t), each set of electrodes (60a to 60t)
comprising at least two electrodes (60) for applying the
therapeutic electrical signal to a user; and switching means (26)
for selectively switching the therapeutic electrical signal to each
set of electrodes (60a to 60t) in a predetermined pattern
characterized in that the predetermined pattern sequentially sends
the therapeutic electrical signal in a first direction (41) from a
first set of electrodes (60a) to a last set of electrodes
(60t).
2. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that: the plurality of sets of electrodes (60a to 60t) are arranged
on a platform (50, 350); and wherein the platform (50, 350) permits
the electrodes (60) to substantially conform to a surface of the
user, such that the electrodes (60) of the plurality of sets of
electrodes (60a to 60t) are in substantial electrical contact with
a surface of the user.
3. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 2 characterized in
that the predetermined pattern sends the therapeutic electrical
signal consecutively to each set of electrodes (60a to 60t)
commencing with the first set of electrodes (60a) near a first end
(30) of the platform (50, 350)and ending at a last set of
electrodes (60t) near a second end (32) of the platform (50,
350).
4. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the switching means (26) will switch the therapeutic
electrical signal to a next set of electrodes (60a to 60t) in the
predetermined pattern within 0.5 to 2 seconds.
5. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 4 characterized in
that the signal generator means (24) generates more than one type
of therapeutic electrical signal; and the switching means (26)
selectively switches different types of therapeutic electrical
signals to each set of electrodes (60a to 60t) in a predetermined
pattern.
6. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the predetermined pattern sequentially sends the electrical
therapeutic signal in the first direction (41) consecutively
commencing with a first set of electrodes (60a) near a first end
(30) of the apparatus and ending at a second set of electrodes
(60t) near a second end (32) of the apparatus and then send the
electrical therapeutic signal in a second direction (42)
consecutively commencing with a third set of electrodes (60t) at
the second end (32) to a fourth set of electrodes at the first end
(30); and wherein the sets of electrodes (60a to 60t) in the first
direction (41) differ from the sets of electrodes (60t to 60a) in
the second direction (42).
7. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the sets of electrodes (60a to 60t) comprise at least three
electrodes (60) arranged in a substantially chevron pattern with at
least a centre electrode (60c) and at least two side electrodes
(60o); and wherein the centre electrode (60c) has a potential
opposite to the side electrodes (60o) when the therapeutic
electrical signal is applied.
8. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 7 characterized in
that the predetermined pattern comprises a first type of
therapeutic electrical signal (tec a) and a second type of
therapeutic electrical signal (tec b), said first type of
therapeutic electrical signal (tec a) comprising a base wave (bw)
applied at a first frequency and said second type of therapeutic
electrical signal (tec b) comprising the base wave (bw) applied at
a second frequency where the first frequency differs from the
second frequency.
9. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the therapeutic electrical signals are used in therapy
selected from a group of therapies consisting of relief of pain,
relief of stress, electronic acupuncture and transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
10. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the therapeutic electrical signals comprise a base wave (bw)
having a frequency between 150 KHz to 180 KHz, said base wave (bw)
being applied at a frequency of between about 2 to 100 times in a
second.
11. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 10 characterized in
that the switching means (25)will switch the therapeutic electrical
signal to a next set of electrodes within 0.5 to 2 seconds.
12. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 11 characterized in
that the base wave (bw) of the therapeutic electrical signals
decreases from a maximum to a minimum within about 0.2 to 0.01
microseconds; and wherein an integral against time of the base wave
(bw) of the therapeutic electric signals over a complete cycle is
substantially zero.
13. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the signal generator means (24) generates different types of
therapeutic electrical signals by applying a base wave (bw) having
a frequency between 150 KHz to 180 KHz at differing durations and
at differing frequencies between 2 Hz to 100 Hz; and wherein the
switching means (25) selectively switches different types of
therapeutic electrical signals to each set of electrodes (60a to
60t) in a predetermined pattern.
14. A method for providing therapeutic electrical signals, said
method comprising the steps of: a) generating a therapeutic
electrical signal; b) providing a plurality of sets of electrodes,
each set of electrodes comprising at least two electrodes for
applying the therapeutic electrical signal to a user; and c)
selectively switching the therapeutic electrical signal to each set
of electrodes of the plurality of sets of electrodes in a
predetermined pattern.
15. The method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step
of: b1) providing the plurality of sets of electrodes on a platform
that permits the electrodes to substantially conform to a surface
of the user so that substantially all of the electrodes of the
plurality of electrodes is in electrical contact with the surface
of the user.
16. The method as defined in claim 15 further comprising the step
of: c1) selectively switching the therapeutic electrical signal to
each set of electrodes consecutively commencing with a first set of
electrodes near a first end of the platform and ending at a last
set of electrodes at a second end of the platform.
17. The method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the step
of: b3) providing each set of electrodes with at least three
electrodes arranged in a substantially chevron pattern having a
centre electrode and at least two side electrodes.
18. The method as defined in claim 14 wherein the therapeutic
electrical signals comprise a base wave having a frequency between
150 KHz to 180 KHz, said base wave being applied at a frequency of
between about 2 to 100 times in a second.
19. The method as defined in claim 18, further comprising the step
of: c2) selectively switching the therapeutic electrical signal to
each set of electrodes in intervals of between 0.5 and 2
seconds.
20. The method as defined in claim 19 wherein the base wave of the
therapeutic electrical signal decreases from a maximum to a minimum
within about 0.1 to 0.01 microseconds.
21. The method as defined in claim 20 wherein an integral against
time of the base wave of the therapeutic electric signals over a
complete cycle is substantially zero.
22. The method as defined in claim 14 further comprising the steps
of: a1) generating different types of therapeutic electrical
signals by generating a base wave having a frequency between 150
KHz and 180 KHz and applying the base wave for differing durations
and at different frequencies between 2 Hz to 100 Hz; and c1)
selectively switching different types of therapeutic electrical
signals to each set of electrodes in a predetermined pattern.
23. The apparatus (10, 300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in
that the predetermined pattern switches the therapeutic electrical
signals to each set of electrodes (60a to 60t) in a controlled
manner without causing the therapeutic electrical signal to be
switched to the same set of electrodes twice.
24. The apparatus (300) as defined in claim 1 characterized in that
the platform (350) upon which the electrodes (60) are arranged is
flexible; and wherein the flexible platform (350) can substantially
conform to the region of the user such that the electrodes (60) of
the plurality of sets of electrodes (60a to 60t) are in substantial
electrical contact with the surface of the user.
25. The apparatus (300) as defined in claim 24 characterized by: a
housing (310) for containing the signal generator means (24) and
the switching means (26); and an electrical connection (313) from
the housing (310) to the flexible platform for sending the
therapeutic electrical signal from the housing (310) to the
flexible platform (350) located an the surface of the user.
26. The apparatus (300) as defined in claim 25 characterized in
that the electrical connection (313) comprises a connector (316)
capable of releasably electrically connecting the signal generator
means 24 in the housing (310) with the electrodes (60) on the
flexible platform (350).
27. The apparatus as defined in claim 26 characterized in that the
connector (316) is electrically connected to the signal generator
means (24) in the housing (310) and can interchangeably releasably
connect other electrodes (60) of other flexible platforms (350) to
the signal generator means (24).
28. The apparatus as defined in claim 26 characterized in that the
connector (316) is electrically connected to the signal generator
means (24) in the housing (310); and wherein the flexible platform
(350) is disposable such that, after a number of uses, the flexible
platform (350) can be electrically disconnected from the connector
(316) and the connector (316) is capable of releasably electrically
connecting the signal generator means (24) to the electrodes (60)
of another flexible platform (350).
29. The apparatus as defined in claims 24 to 28 characterized by an
electroconductive substance (400) having an adhesive quality can be
applied to the electrodes (60) to improve electrical contact
between the electrodes (60) and the surface of the user and assists
in maintaining the flexible platform (350) in place on the surface
of the user.
30. The apparatus as defined in claim 24 characterized in that the
flexible platform (350) comprises a first surface (350U) containing
first electrical conductors (370) connected to a first group (60c)
of the plurality of electrodes (60) and a second surface (350L)
containing second electrical conductors (371) electrically
connected to a second group (600) of the plurality of electrodes
(60); and wherein the first electrical conductors (370) and the
first group of electrodes (60c) are electrically insulated from the
second electrical conductors (371) and the second group of
electrodes (60o).
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a method and apparatus for use in
electromedical therapy. More particularly, the present invention
relates to a method and apparatus for applying a therapeutic
electrical signal to regions of a user's body. The therapeutic
signal could be used for any type of therapy, including to relieve
pain, to relieve stress, to apply electronic acupuncture and for
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In the past, several types of methods and apparatuses to
apply an electrical signal in electromedical therapy have been
used. However, the prior art methods and apparatuses generally
provide a small number of electrodes to which the therapeutic
electrical signal can be applied. This limits the area of the
user's body to which the therapeutic signals can be applied at any
one time. As a result, the duration of therapy and use of the
apparatus by the user increase.
[0003] Furthermore, use of a small number of electrodes results in
the electrical signal being applied to the same area for an
extended period of time. This has been shown to create habituation
effects. Habituation effects generally result from the body
filtering out the therapeutic electrical signals being applied,
thereby eliminating the positive effects of the therapeutic
electrical signal. In addition, any benefit from the prior art
device is usually limited to the time the therapeutic signals are
applied, and does not provide any lingering effects.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 3,851,651 to Icenbice, Jr. discloses an
electrical facial stimulator having eight individual electrodes in
total attached to different parts of the face. The electrodes are
energized to electrically stimulate the user's facial nerves and
muscles. The facial stimulator of Icenbice, accordingly, provides a
small number of electrodes which can be energized at a small and
specific part of the user's body, namely specific parts of the
face.
[0005] Likewise, U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,357 to Springer discloses a
mask having a rigid outer lining providing the required structural
integrity to hold about ten electrodes at specific locations over
the face. The electrodes provide electrical signals to ten specific
critical points on the face. Accordingly, Springer also suffers
from the disadvantage that the mask provides a relatively small
number of electrodes which provide electrical signals to a small
and specific part of the user's face.
[0006] Use of a small number of electrodes, such as in prior art
devices, requires the prior art devices to be periodically moved
over the user's body. In fact, some prior art devices have
electrodes which can rotate to facilitate movement over the user's
body. However, these prior art devices are generally difficult for
users to use on themselves and require a therapist or assistant to
apply the treatment. This is especially the case where the
treatment is being applied to the user's back, and particularly the
lower back, which is not easily accessible by the user.
[0007] Furthermore, the prior art devices by and large generate an
electrical signal which could itself harm the user and/or cause
pain. This results from the electrical signal having
characteristics that damage the skin surface and otherwise hurt the
patient or cause the patient discomfort. While the beneficial
effects of the electrical signal often outweigh the temporary
discomfort of the patient, this discomfort sometimes causes
patients not to use the prior art electromedical apparatuses, or
not use them as frequently as required in order to provide
effective long-term therapy.
[0008] Accordingly, the prior art devices suffer from several
disadvantages. One of these disadvantages include that the prior
art devices generally only apply the electrical signal to a small
region of the body at one time. Another disadvantage is that the
prior art devices often require an assistant to apply the therapy.
Another disadvantage is that the therapeutic effects of the prior
art devices are limited by the corresponding habituative effects
caused by the patient's own body. A further disadvantage is that
the electrical signals applied by the prior art devices often cause
pain, burns and/or other discomfort to the patient because of the
nature and the shape of the electrical signal being applied. A
still further disadvantage of the prior art devices is that their
beneficial effects are limited to the duration of the procedure,
and do not provide any lingering beneficial effects which continue
after the procedure is completed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to at least
partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. Also, it is
an object of this invention to provide an improved apparatus and
method for providing therapeutic electrical signals.
[0010] Accordingly, in one of its objects, this invention resides
in an apparatus for providing therapeutic electrical signals, said
apparatus comprising: a signal generator for generating the
therapeutic electrical signal; a plurality of sets of electrodes,
each set of electrodes comprising at least two electrodes for
applying the therapeutic electrical signal to a user; and a
switching unit for selectively switching the therapeutic electrical
signal to each set of electrodes in a predetermined pattern.
[0011] In a further aspect, the present invention resides in a
method for providing therapeutic electrical signals, said method
comprising the steps of: (a)generating a therapeutic electrical
signal; (b) providing a plurality of sets of electrodes, each set
of electrodes comprising at least two electrodes for applying the
therapeutic electrical signal to a user; and (c) selectively
switching the therapeutic electrical signal to each set of
electrodes of the plurality of sets of electrodes in a
predetermined pattern.
[0012] Accordingly, one advantage of the present invention is that
a plurality of sets of electrodes are used to apply the therapeutic
electrical signal. In this way, a large surface of the user can be
treated at any one time without the need to move the apparatus over
the user's body. This makes it easier to apply the therapeutic
electrical signal to the user. Furthermore, this makes it easier
for the user to use the apparatus on themselves without an
assistant.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the electrodes are arranged on a
platform which permits electrodes to substantially conform to the
surface of the user. This facilitates application of the
therapeutic electrical signal to surfaces of regions of the user's
body which are not generally flat. For example, this permits the
platform to conform to variations in the user's back, such as
around the spine. This also facilitates application of the
therapeutic electrical signal to the lower back of the patient,
such as along the acupuncture meridian, which may result in release
of enkefalins by the body to relieve stress.
[0014] In a still further preferred embodiment, the present
invention provides a flexible platform upon which the electrodes
are contained. In this way, the entire platform, including the
electrodes, can substantially conform to the surface of the user
for improving the contact of the electrodes to the surface or skin
of the user. In one embodiment, the flexible platform is separate
and remote from the control unit to decrease the mass of the
flexible platform and make it easier to apply and/or strap to the
body.
[0015] A further advantage of the present invention is that it
comprises a plurality of sets of electrodes to which the
therapeutic electrical signal is applied in a predetermined
pattern. Accordingly, while a large number of electrodes are
available to be used in order to cover a large surface area of the
user, the therapeutic electrical signal is only applied to a set of
electrodes at any one time. In this way, the therapeutic electrical
signal may be applied to electrodes proximate each other,
permitting the therapeutic electrical signal to have a smaller
electrical potential than would be required if the electrodes were
distant from each other. Furthermore, this permits the switch to
apply the therapeutic electrical signals in a predetermined pattern
to achieve the best coverage and therapeutic benefit to the user.
For example, in a preferred embodiment, the switch will apply the
therapeutic electrical signal to a next set of electrodes in the
plurality of electrodes every 0.5 to 2 seconds in order to avoid
habituative effects.
[0016] A still further advantage of the present invention is that
the therapeutic electrical signals can be applied to the sets of
electrodes in a predetermined pattern. In this way, the user can
control how the therapeutic electrical signals are applied,
including the area, duration and type of therapeutic signal.
Preferably, the predetermined pattern will be selected so as to
decrease the habituation effect. The predetermined pattern can also
be selected to provide lingering beneficial effects that continue
after the procedure is completed. This can result, for example, by
selecting a predetermined pattern that promotes generation of
endorphins that are retained in the body. Furthermore, when the
therapeutic electrical signal is applied to the acupuncture
meridian, the body may generate enkefalins which will relieve
stress. In addition, by applying the therapeutic electrical signal
in a predetermined pattern as opposed to a random pattern, the user
can be ensured that the therapeutic electrical signal will not be
applied to the same set of electrodes consecutively. Applying the
therapeutic electrical signal to the same set of electrodes
consecutively could result in overexposure of the therapeutic
electrical signals to a particular region of the user's body that
may cause discomfort to the patient and/or promote habituation
effects.
[0017] A further advantage of the present invention is that the
therapeutic electrical signal can have characteristics which may
decrease or eliminate pain while maintaining an effective
therapeutic level. This is accomplished, in part, by the
therapeutic electrical signal comprising a base wave having a
relatively high frequency of about 150 KHz to 180 KHz and more
preferably 160 to 170 KHz and the base wave is preferably applied
about 2 to 100 times per second. To further decrease pain that may
be associated with the therapeutic electrical signals, the base
wave of the therapeutic electrical signal preferably decreases from
its maximum to its minimum in about 0.2 to 0.01 microseconds. In a
further preferred embodiment, the integral of the base wave over a
cycle is zero.
[0018] A still further advantage of the present invention is that
the predetermined pattern may comprise different types of
therapeutic electrical signals. In other words, the switching unit
will selectively switch between different types of therapeutic
electrical signals to each set of electrodes in a predetermined
pattern. In this way, the patient will be exposed to different
types of therapeutic electrical signals that may have different
beneficial effects. In addition, by changing the types of
therapeutic electrical signals being applied, the habituation
effects may also decrease. In this way, changing the types of
therapeutic electrical signals, as well as limiting the duration
that the switch may apply the therapeutic electrical signal to each
set of electrodes to about 0.5 to 2 seconds, reduces the effects of
the brain filters thereby reducing habituation effects, and may
cause lingering beneficial effects which continue after the therapy
is completed.
[0019] A further advantage of the present invention is that an
electroconductive substance can be applied to the electrodes to
increase electroconductivity. Because the electrodes tend to be
stationary, the electroconductive substance will remain between the
skin or surface of the user and the electrodes. Further, such
electroconductive substance generally have the consistency of a gel
which gives them an adhesive quality. In this way, the
electroconductive substance can assist in keeping the electrodes in
contact with the skin. Furthermore, in the case when the platform
does not have a great deal of mass, such as when a flexible
platform is used, the adhesive qualities of the electroconductive
substance may be sufficient to maintain the flexible platform in
place, especially flexible platform embodiment.
[0020] Further aspects of the invention will become apparent upon
reading the following detailed description and drawings which
illustrate the invention and preferred embodiments of the
invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] In the drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the
invention:
[0022] FIGS. 1A and 1B are bottom and side views, respectively, of
a device according to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the components of the
apparatus for applying the therapeutic electrical signal;
[0024] FIG. 3 is a bottom elevation view of the device according to
one embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] FIG. 4 is a timing diagram showing the base wave according
to one embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C are timing diagrams showing different
types of therapeutic electrical signals that may be applied in a
predetermined pattern according to one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0027] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a device according to a
further embodiment of the present invention having a housing
separated from the platform;
[0028] FIG. 7A is a top view of an upper part of the flexible
platform;
[0029] FIG. 7B is a bottom view of the lower part of the flexible
platform; and
[0030] FIG. 8 is a diagram of an assembled flexible platform
showing the wiring for the electrodes.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0031] FIG. 1A is a bottom elevation view and FIG. 1B is a side
elevation view of an apparatus, shown generally by reference
numeral 10, for providing therapeutic electrical signals according
to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1A
and 1B, the apparatus 10 comprises a housing 12 which, in this
embodiment, houses the plurality of electrodes 60. The housing 12
also houses other components, including input/output devices, such
as a keypad and LEDs 16, as well as a power source, such as battery
pack 8. The housing 12 preferably has an opening 112 for straps
114. In this way, the apparatus 10 can be strapped or fastened to a
part of the user, such as the lower back or a leg, with straps
114.
[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of electrodes 60
are mounted on a platform 50 that permits relative movement of the
electrodes 60. In this way, the platform 50 and/or the plurality of
electrodes 60 on the platform 50 will be able to substantially
conform to a surface of the user so that each of the plurality of
electrodes 60 is in contact with a surface of the user, even if the
surface of the user is not a flat surface. For example, the
platform 50 may be flexible to permit the electrodes to
substantially conform to the surface of the body. In one preferred
embodiment, shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8 and discussed more fully
below, the platform 50 is made from a flexible, non-conductive
material, such as rubber or mylar, which permits the plurality of
electrodes 60 to substantially conform to a surface of the user and
also electrically insulates the plurality of electrodes 60 from
each other. In the alternative, the plurality of electrodes 60
could move relative to the platform 50, but be biased outwards so
as to substantially conform to the surface of the patient. In
either case, it is apparent that the platform 50 would permit the
plurality of electrodes 60 to substantially conform to a surface of
the user.
[0033] As also shown in FIG. 1A, the plurality of electrodes 60
preferably comprise nipples 61. The plurality of electrodes 60 may
comprise at least one, and preferably more, nipples 61 to assist in
decreasing the electrical contact resistance between the plurality
of electrodes 60 and the surface of the user. In the preferred
embodiment, shown in FIG. 1A, each electrode 60 has nine nipples
61.
[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram symbolically showing the
components of the apparatus 10 for applying the therapeutic
electrical signal according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2,
the apparatus 10 comprises input/output devices, such as a keypad
and LEDs 16, as well as a power source, such as a battery pack 8,
which are also illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B. As illustrated in
FIG. 2, the apparatus 10 can also comprise a wall mount adapter 18
and a power supply and trickle charger 20, which together form a
power unit to both supply power to the apparatus 10 and charge the
battery pack 8 for later use.
[0035] The power supply and trickle charger 20 is connected to the
keypad and LED 16 to supply power to this component. The keypad and
LED 16, together with the power supply and trickle charger 20, are
connected to the signal timing generator 22 to both supply power to
the signal timing generator 22 and also send and receive
input/output signals from the keypad and LED 16. Preferably, the
keypad and LED 16 can send and receive input/output signals to the
signal timing generator 22 which specify predetermined patterns and
types of therapeutic electrical signals which should be applied to
the plurality of electrodes 60 and which predetermined patterns are
being applied.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the signal timing generator 22
comprises a microcontroller, such as a microprocessor. The signal
timing generator 22 is connected to a plurality of switches 26. The
signal timing generator 22 actuates the plurality of switches 26 to
selectively switch the therapeutic electrical signal to the
plurality of electrodes 60. The plurality of electrodes 60 are
grouped into a plurality of sets of electrodes 60a to 60t. The
switches 26 selectively switch the therapeutic electrical signal to
each of the sets of electrodes 60a to 60t in a predetermined
pattern.
[0037] As shown in FIG. 2, the first group of switches 26a switch
the therapeutic electrical signal to the first set 60a of the
plurality of sets of electrodes 60a to 60t. The first set of
electrodes 60a, in this embodiment, comprises the outer electrode
pair no. 1 and the common electrode no. 1. Accordingly, in this
embodiment, the first set of electrodes 60a comprises three
electrodes, namely a common electrode in the centre and a pair of
outer electrodes. As also shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus 10
comprises a 20th set of electrodes 60t comprising outer electrode
pair no. 20 and common electrode no. 20. Therefore, the 20th set of
electrodes 60t also comprises three electrodes with a common
electrode in the centre and a pair of outer electrodes. The signal
timing generator 22 switches the therapeutic electrical signal to
the 20th set of electrodes 60t by actuating the 20th group of
switches 26t. While not shown in FIG. 2, it is apparent that the
plurality of switches 26 would comprise switches 26b to 26s to
switch the therapeutic electrical signal to each set of electrodes
60b to 60s.
[0038] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, there are 20 sets of
electrodes comprising three electrodes for a total of 60
electrodes. However, it is understood that different sets of
electrodes and different numbers of electrodes in each set can be
used.
[0039] Together, the signal timing generator 22 and the plurality
of switches 26 form the switching unit, shown generally by
reference numeral 25. The switching unit 25 is used to send the
therapeutic electrical signals selectively to each of the plurality
of sets of electrodes 60a to 60t in a predetermined pattern.
[0040] The therapeutic electrical signal is generated by the signal
generator 24. The signal, generator 24 will generate a base signal
or base wave b.sub.w that is then selectively switched by the
switching unit 25 to each one of the plurality of sets of
electrodes 60a to 60t. The signal generator 24 is connected to the
signal timing generator 22 to control the base wave b.sub.w so as
to produce the predetermined pattern and control the type of
therapeutic electrical signal being generated. The signal generator
24 is also connected to a power source, which in this embodiment is
the battery pack 8, to draw sufficient power to generate the
therapeutic electrical signal and the base wave b.sub.w that forms
the therapeutic electrical signal.
[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the base wave b.sub.w will have a
wave form shown in FIG. 4 by reference numeral b.sub.w. In a
preferred embodiment, the base wave b.sub.w will have a frequency
of between 150 KHz to 180 KHz, and more preferably 160 KHz to 170
KHz. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the base wave
b.sub.w has a frequency of about 166 KHz.
[0042] At a frequency of 166 KHz, the period of the base wave
b.sub.w will be about 6 microseconds. Preferably, the base wave
b.sub.w will decrease quickly from its maximum to its minimum. For
example, as shown in FIG. 4, the base wave b.sub.w will decrease
from its maximum value b.sub.max of about positive 50V to its
minimum value b.sub.min of about negative 17V in a time t which
preferably is within about 0.2 to 0.01 microseconds and still more
preferably within about 0.1 to 0.01 microseconds. In a preferred
embodiment, the time t is most preferable about 0.05 microseconds.
By having the base wave b.sub.w decrease from the maximum b.sub.max
to its minimum b.sub.min within this relatively short time period,
it has been found that the pain, burns, and other discomfort felt
by the patient is greatly decreased.
[0043] From analysis of the base wave b.sub.w shown in FIG. 4, it
is also apparent that the integral of the base wave b.sub.w over
time will be zero. This is apparent from FIG. 4 which illustrates
that the Area A between b.sub.max and zero is approximately equal
to the Area B between b.sub.min and zero. This is the case because
the value b.sub.max is about positive 50V and lasts for a duration
of 1.5 microseconds while the voltage b.sub.min is about a third of
that, namely negative 17V, but lasts for three times as long,
namely about 4.5 microseconds. Accordingly, Area A is substantially
equal to Area B, which illustrates that the integral of the base
wave b.sub.w over time will be zero. This also illustrates that the
net charge imposed on the user by each electrode over a period of
the base wave b.sub.w will always be zero. As the therapeutic
electrical signal comprises the base wave b.sub.w, the integral
over time of the therapeutic electrical signal will also be zero.
It has been found that by having a base wave b.sub.w, and therefore
a therapeutic electrical signal, with an integral over time of
about zero, the overall pain, burns and discomfort suffered by the
patient greatly decreases.
[0044] As stated above, the therapeutic electrical signal comprises
the base wave b.sub.w. However, it is preferred that the
therapeutic electrical signal is not identical to the base wave
b.sub.w. Rather, it is preferred that the therapeutic electrical
signal comprises bursts of the base wave b.sub.w. In other words,
the therapeutic electrical signal preferably comprises bursts of
the base wave b.sub.w at specific frequencies, such as 2 to 100
times in a second, and the base wave b.sub.w would be quiet or not
applied at other times.
[0045] FIG. 5A shows a first therapeutic electrical signal
tes.sub.a where the base wave b.sub.w is applied four times in a
second. Therefore, the first therapeutic electrical signal
tes.sub.a has a period of about 250 milliseconds and a frequency of
4 Hz. During the period of 250 milliseconds, the base wave b.sub.w
is applied for about half that time, or 125 milliseconds. For the
remaining period, namely 125 milliseconds, the base wave b.sub.w is
not applied.
[0046] FIG. 5B shows a second therapeutic electrical signal
tes.sub.b where the base wave b.sub.w is applied two times in a
second. The second therapeutic electrical signal tes.sub.b is
applied in a burst of about 250 milliseconds and then is quiet or
not applied for about 250 milliseconds. Accordingly, the second
therapeutic electrical signal tes.sub.b has a period of about 500
milliseconds and a frequency of about 2 Hz.
[0047] FIG. 5C shows a third therapeutic electrical signal
tes.sub.c that has a period of about 13 milliseconds, and therefore
a frequency of about 77 Hz. In this embodiment, the base wave
b.sub.w is applied for a burst of about 3 milliseconds followed by
a quiet period where the base wave b.sub.w is not applied for about
10 milliseconds. In this way, the third electrical signal tes.sub.c
applies the base wave b.sub.w 77 times in a second, but for only
about 3 milliseconds each time.
[0048] The apparatus 10 can apply any of the therapeutic electrical
signal tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c, or any other type of
therapeutic electrical signal. In a preferred embodiment, the
therapeutic electrical signal will comprise a base wave b.sub.w
applied at a frequency of about 2 to 100 times per second. As shown
in FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C, the duration or burst during which the base
wave b.sub.w is applied can vary and may not correspond to half of
the period, as illustrated by the third therapeutic electrical
signal tes.sub.c in FIG. 5C. Furthermore, the predetermined pattern
of the apparatus 10 may comprise different types of therapeutic
electrical signals, as described more fully below.
[0049] FIG. 3 shows the bottom elevation of the apparatus 10,
similar to the view shown in FIG. 1A. In a preferred embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 3, each of the plurality of sets of electrodes
60a to 60t comprise at least three electrodes 60 arranged in a
substantially chevron pattern. For example, the first set of
electrodes 60a shown in FIG. 3 comprise electrodes 1, 2 and 3.
Likewise, the last set of electrodes 60t comprise electrodes 4, 5
and 6. It is apparent that the twenty chevron patterns between the
first set of electrodes 60a and the last set of electrodes 60t
illustrate each set of the plurality of sets of electrodes 60a to
60t of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3.
[0050] It is preferable that the centre electrode, such as
electrodes 2 and 5, of the plurality of sets of electrodes 60a to
60t, have a potential that is opposite to the potential of the side
electrodes 1, 3 and 4, 6. To accomplish this, centre electrodes 2,
5 may have different electrical switches 26 from the side
electrodes. This is illustrated in FIG. 2 where the first group of
switches 26a comprise switches 26ao and 26ac. Switch 26ao actuates
the outer electrode pair no. 1 corresponding to electrodes 1 and 3
and switch 26ac actuates the common electrode no. 1 corresponding
to electrode 2. Likewise, the 20th group of switches 26 comprise
switches 26tc and 26to. Switch 26th actuates the outer electrode
pair no. 20 corresponding to electrodes 4 and 6 and switch 26tc
actuates the common electrode no. 20 corresponding to electrode
5.
[0051] It is understood that the chevron pattern of electrodes
illustrated in FIG. 3 is a preferred embodiment and is selected to
permit a relatively large area to be effected by the therapeutic
electrical signal, while at the same time having the electrodes
fairly near each other so that the voltage may not be too large to
overcome the natural resistance of the body. Nevertheless, it is
understood that other arrangements of electrodes, other than a
chevron pattern, including a square pattern, a circular or
semi-circular pattern or even a straight line, could be used
provided each set of electrodes 60a to 60t have at least two
electrodes through which the therapeutic electrical signal may
pass.
[0052] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 where a chevron pattern is
used, it is apparent that not all of the plurality of electrodes 60
will have an electrical signal passing through them. For example,
electrodes a, b, c, d, e, f do not form a chevron pattern with
other electrodes, and therefore would not be used in the embodiment
shown in FIG. 3. However, if another pattern, such as a straight
line is used, then electrodes a, b, c, d, e, f may have electrical
signal passing through them.
[0053] As stated above, the switching unit 25 will apply the
therapeutic electrical signal to the plurality of sets of
electrodes 60a to 60t in the predetermined pattern. The
predetermined pattern may be any pattern that switches the
therapeutic electrical signal to each set of electrodes 60a to 60t
in a controlled manner without causing the therapeutic electrical
signal to be switched to the same set of electrodes twice, thereby
causing habituation effects.
[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the switching unit 25 will send
the therapeutic electrical signal sequentially to each set of
electrodes 60a to 60t. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the
switching unit 25 will send the therapeutic electrical signal
sequentially in a consecutive order commencing with the first set
of electrodes 60a at a first end 30 of the apparatus 10 and
platform 50 and ending at the last set of electrodes 60t at the
second end 32 of the apparatus 10 and platform 50. The switching
unit 25 may have a predetermined pattern which continuously and
repeatedly sends the therapeutic electrical signal sequentially in
this consecutive order from the first set of electrodes 60a to the
last set of electrodes 60t. Alternatively, the switching unit 25
may have a predetermined pattern which sends the therapeutic
electrical signal in alternate directions "sweeping" across the
platform 50.
[0055] For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the switching unit 25 may
first apply the therapeutic electrical signals in a first
direction, shown generally by the arrows marked with reference
numeral 41, from the first end 30 to the second end 32. The
switching unit 25 may then apply the therapeutic electrical signal
in a second direction, shown generally by the arrows marked with
reference numeral 42, from the second end 32 to the first end 30.
For present purposes, a sweep is considered to be an application of
therapeutic electrical signals once across each of the sets of
electrodes 60a to 60t in either direction 41, 42 "sweeping" across
the platform 50.
[0056] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the sets of
electrodes 60a to 60t in the first direction 41 will be the same as
the sets of electrodes 60t to 60a in the second direction 42. In
other words, the therapeutic electrical signal will be applied to
the same three electrodes in each set of electrodes 60a to 60t in
both directions 41, 42. However, the present invention is not
limited to this embodiment. Rather, the sets of electrodes 60a to
60t in the first direction 41 may differ from the sets of
electrodes 60a to 60t in the second direction 42, provided there
are at least two electrodes 60 in each set of electrodes 60a to
60t.
[0057] In addition, the therapeutic electrical signal need not be
the same in each direction. Rather, in a preferred embodiment, the
therapeutic electrical signal will change with each "sweep". For
example, as set out in Table A below, in sweep 1, which preferably
is in a first direction 41, the therapeutic electrical signal will
correspond to the first therapeutic electrical signal tes.sub.a
shown in FIG. 5A and will be sequentially and consecutively applied
to each of the plurality of sets of electrodes 60a to 60t. In sweep
2, which is preferably in the second direction 42, the therapeutic
electrical signal will correspond to the second therapeutic
electrical signal tes.sub.b illustrated in FIG. 5B. Likewise, in
sweep 3, which is preferably in the first direction 41, the
therapeutic electrical signal will correspond to the third
therapeutic electrical signal tes.sub.c illustrated in FIG. 5C.
1TABLE A Bursts Bursts per Dura- Duration per sweep tion for each
Pe- sets of (20 sets of of set of Quiet Burst riod elec- electrodes
sweep electrodes Sweep (ms) (ms) (ms) trodes 60) (sec) (sec) 1 125
125 250 4 80 20 1 2 250 250 500 2 40 20 1 3 10 3 13 77 154 20.02
1
[0058] One advantage of the above is that the application of the
base wave b, at the different frequencies, namely 4 Hz, 2 Hz and 77
Hz, will have different beneficial effects to the patient. For
example, a frequency of about 77 Hz has been found to generate
endorphins, and enkefalins which tend to relieve stress, and
therefore it is preferred for a pain killing effect. Generation of
enkefalins have been found to be most pronounced when the apparatus
10 is applied to the acupuncture meridians along the lower back
region. The frequencies of 2 Hz and 4 Hz have been found to
generate endorphins.
[0059] Accordingly, the apparatus 10 can apply the therapeutic
electrical signals to the sets of electrodes 60a to 60t in a
predetermined pattern. In addition, the predetermined pattern of
the apparatus 10 can comprise different types of therapeutic
electrical signals tes.sub.a, tea.sub.b, tes.sub.c at different
stages.
[0060] It has been found that, preferably, the therapeutic
electrical signal is applied to a set of electrodes 60a to 60t for
about 0.5 to 2 seconds. For example, as illustrated in Table A
above, the therapeutic electrical signals are applied to each set
of electrodes 60a to 60t for a duration of about 1 second. In this
way, as there are about 20 sets of electrodes in the embodiment
shown in FIG. 3, each sweep from one end 30 or 32 to the other end
32 or 30 will take about 20 seconds. The predetermined pattern
shown in Table A which comprises three sweeps and three types of
therapeutic electrical signals tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c will
therefore take about one minute. Preferably, the switch to a next
set of electrodes 60a to 60t will occur during a quiet period when
the base wave b.sub.w is not being applied.
[0061] The duration of 0.5 to 2 seconds is preferable because it is
sufficient to generate endorphins and enkefalins. However, in
addition, a duration of 0.5 to 2 seconds is generally insufficient
to permit the body to generate hormones that counteract the
beneficial effects of endorphins and enkefalins. Accordingly, by
having the therapeutic electrical signals applied in a
predetermined pattern where the switching unit 25 switches the
therapeutic electrical signal to a next set of electrodes within
0.5 to 2 seconds, habituation effects may decrease and the user may
experience a build-up of endorphins and enkefalins. In this way,
the user may experience a lingering effect from use of the
apparatus 10, at least in part because of the build-up of
endorphins and enkefalins caused by the use of the apparatus
10.
[0062] Likewise, it has been found that by having a predetermined
pattern that comprises different types of therapeutic electrical
signals tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c, habituation effects may be
further decreased because use of different types of therapeutic
electrical signals tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c may bypass the
brain filters which cause the habituation effects. Habituation
effects have been found to be further decreased by applying the
different types of therapeutic electrical signals tes.sub.a,
tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c to the user for a duration of not more than
0.5 to 2 seconds per set of electrodes 60a to 60t. Moreover,
applying different types of therapeutic electrical signals
tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c will also produce different types
of beneficial effects, such as generation of endorphins, as well as
generation of enkefalins. Accordingly, generating and applying
different types of therapeutic electrical signals, tes.sub.a,
tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c across a plurality of electrodes 60 not only
helps to decrease habituation effects, but also provides more than
one type of benefit to the user, and, the benefit the user may
experience is more likely to linger after use of the apparatus 10
has ceased.
[0063] FIG. 6 shows an apparatus, shown generally by reference
numeral 300, accordingly a further embodiment of the present
invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the apparatus 300 has a platform
which is separate from a housing 310 which houses other components
of the apparatus 300, such as the signal generator 24 and switching
unit 25. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the housing 310 may also include
input/output such as the keypad and LED 306. The housing 310 will
also preferably contain a power supply and trickle charger 20 to
supply a battery pack 8 and/or receive power from a wall mount
adapter 18, similar to the apparatus 10 described above.
[0064] As also illustrated in FIG. 6, the housing 310 is connected
to the platform 50 by an electrical connection, shown generally by
reference numeral 313. The electrical connection 313 in this
embodiment comprises a first fixed electrical cable 312 from the
housing 310 to a connector, such as an oyster connector 316. The
first cable 312 is generally fixed to both the housing 310 at one
end 311 and fixed to the connector 316 at the second end 318. In
this way, the connector 316 is electrically connected to the
components of the apparatus 300, including the signal generator 24.
The connector 316 shown in FIG. 6 is commonly referred to as an
"oyster" connector, but it is understood that any type of connector
can be used.
[0065] The connector 316 also comprises an input/output slot 319
which can releasably receive a first end 419 (shown in FIGS. 7A, 7B
and 8) of a second removable cable 314. The second end 420 (shown
in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8) of the second cable 314 is connected,
generally permanently to the platform 50 providing an electrical
connection from the first end 419 of the second cable 314 to the
electrodes 60 on the platform 50. In this way, the first end 419 of
the second cable 314 may be releasably mated or received into the
input/output slot 319 of the connector 316 to thereby releasably
electively connect the components contained within the housing 310,
and in particular, the signal generator 24, to the electrodes 60 on
the platform 50. In another embodiment, the connector 316 is
integrally formed as part of the housing 310 such that the first
fixed cable 312 is not needed, but rather the first end 419 of the
second cable 314 would be releasably received in an input/output
slot 319 in the housing 310.
[0066] The advantages of the apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 6 include
that the platform 50 can be removed from the connector 316 for
maintenance and/or servicing. Furthermore, in a preferred
embodiment, different types of platforms 50, either having
different size or different arrangements of electrodes 60 thereon,
may be interchangeably releasably received into the slot 319 of the
connector 316. This gives the apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 6
increased versatility.
[0067] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the platform 50 may
be a flexible platform 350, shown in FIG. 6, but illustrated and
discussed below in more detail with respect to FIGS. 7A, 7B and 8.
In the case of flexible platforms 350, they are generally
disposable such that after a number of uses, the first end 419 of
the second cable 314 may be releasably removed from the slot 319 of
the connector 316 and replaced with the first end 419 of another
second cable 314 connected to another flexible platform (not
shown). In this way, flexible platforms 350, which are generally
less resilient, may be replaced periodically and either disposed of
or recycled.
[0068] FIGS. 7A and 7B show a flexible platform 350 according to a
preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7A shows the
top view of the upper part of the flexible platform 350U. The upper
part of the flexible platform 350U includes silver inking
connectors 370 extending along the second cable 314 to the first
end 419. The silver inking connectors 370 are electrically
conductive and can conduct the therapeutic electrical signals
received from the signal generator 24 through the switches 26, the
first cable 312, the connector 316 and the second cable 314. In
this preferred embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 6, the second cable
314 is integrally formed with the flexible platform 350 such that
the silver inking connectors 370 will extend past the second end
420 to connections 340. However, it is understood that the second
cable 314 may be separate from the flexible platform 350 so that a
further connector (not shown) would be present to connect the
second end 420 of the second cable 314 to the flexible platform
350.
[0069] The connections 340 are electrically connected to the centre
electrodes 60c shown as the middle row of the three rows of
electrodes 60 in FIG. 7B. The centre electrodes 60c are actuated by
the centre switches 26ac to 26tc as discussed above with respect to
FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5. In this way, the therapeutic electrical
signals can be transmitted from the signal generator 24 to the
centre electrodes 60c.
[0070] FIG. 7B, which shows the lower part of the flexible platform
350L, likewise has silver inking connectors 371 extending along the
second cable 314 to the first end 419 to receive the electrical
therapeutic signal from the signal generator 24, similar to the
silver inking connectors 370. However, the silver inking connectors
371 in the lower part of the flexible platform 350L extend to the
outer electrodes 60o shown at the two external rows in FIG. 7B. The
outer electrodes 60o are actuated by the outer switches 26ao to
26to discussed above with respect to FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
[0071] It is apparent from FIGS. 7A and 7B that the silver inking
connectors 370 on the upper part of the flexible platform 350U will
be electrically insulated from the silver inking connectors 371 on
the lower part of the flexible platform 350L. It is also apparent
that while electrodes 60 are all present on the lower part of the
flexible platform 350L, the middle row will be electrically
insulated from the outer two rows, except for electrical contact
through the surface of the user through which therapeutic
electrical signals will flow.
[0072] Preferably, the upper and lower parts of the flexible
platform 350U and 350L, respectively, are manufactured from an
insulated material upon which the silver inking connectors 370, 371
may be applied. In a preferred embodiment, the upper and lower
parts of the flexible platforms 350U and 350L, respectively, are
manufactured from portions of mylar, but other substances, such as
rubber, plastics, or other electrically insulated materials, could
also be used.
[0073] As shown in FIG. 7B, the electrodes 60 will have an
orientation such as a chevron, shown generally by reference numeral
365. In this way, the therapeutic electrical signal 60 will be
applied along a chevron pattern, similar to that as discussed above
with respect to the apparatus 10. In other words, the electrodes 60
on the flexible platform 350 can be used in the same manner as the
electrodes 60 on the apparatus 10 discussed above.
[0074] FIG. 8 shows the flexible platform 350 in the assembled
position with the upper part 350U connected to the lower part 350L
such as by gluing, laminating or otherwise connecting the upper
part 350U to the lower part 350L. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the
silver inking connectors 370, 371 overlap, but are electrically
insulated. For instance, if the silver inking connectors 370 are on
the upper surface 361 of the upper part of the flexible platform
350L and the silver inking connectors 371 are on the lower surface
362 of the lower part of the flexible platform 350L, then the upper
and lower parts 350U, 350L, respectively, of the flexible platform
350 will act as the electrical insulation. This is the case because
the silver inking connectors 370 are on the upper surface 361 of
the flexible platform 350 and the silver inking connectors 371 are
on the lower surface 362 of the flexible platform 350 when the
parts 350U, 350L are assembled. It will be appreciated by persons
skilled in the art that the same effect could be obtained by having
a flexible platform 350 manufactured from a single layer of mylar,
or other electrically insulative substance with the silver inking
connectors 370 on the upper surface 361 and the silver inking
connectors 371 on the lower surface 362, rather than having two
parts 350U, 350L connected together.
[0075] As shown in FIG. 8, the flexible platform 350 may also
comprise a strap 410. The strap 410 can be integrally formed with
the flexible platform 350. The strap 410 can be used to strap the
flexible platform 350 to a region of the user, such as an arm or
leg. The strap 410 may also be wrapped around the connector 316 to
assist in holding the first end 419 of the second cable 314 to the
cable 316.
[0076] It is also understood that the flexible platform 350, with
the present construction, will be relatively light. An advantage of
this is that the flexible platform 350 can be easily held in place
to a region of the user, such as the user's lower back, with or
without a strap 410.
[0077] In a further preferred embodiment, the electrodes 60 have an
electroconductive substance, shown generally by reference numeral
400 in FIG. 8, which increases the electroconductivity of the
electrodes 60 to the skin of the user. The electroconductive
substance 400 can be any substance which performs this function,
but in a preferred embodiment, the electroconductive substance 400
also has adhesive qualities which can assist in keeping the
flexible platform 350, which may have relatively little mass, in
place on a surface of the user. The electroconductive substance 400
can also assist in keeping individual electrodes 60 in contact with
the surface of the user. It is understood that while the
electroconductive substance 400 is shown as covering only four
electrodes 60 in FIG. 8, preferably, the electroconductive
substance 400 would be applied to all of the electrodes 60.
[0078] While there are a number of electroconductive substances 400
which may be used, it has been found that Hydragel (trade mark)
manufactured by Hydramar has worked well in experiments. In
particular, the Hydragel electroconductive substance 400 increases
the electric conductivity of the electrical therapeutic signals
from the electrodes 60 to the skin of the user, and also, has
sufficient adhesive quality to maintain the flexible platform 350
to the surface of the user. After a number of uses, however, the
electroconductive substance 400 will lose its electroconductive
qualities, and may also lose its adhesive qualities. In this case,
the flexible platform 350 may simply be replaced with a new
electroconductive substance 400 having the electroconductive
substance 400 applied thereon. In the alternative, the flexible
platform 350 may be recycled, such as by being cleaned and a fresh
electroconductive substance 400 being applied onto the electrodes
60.
[0079] It is clear that the therapeutic electrical signals will
have any type of voltage or current required to produce a
therapeutic effect as persons skilled in the art may select. More
particularly, while the present invention has been described with
respect to therapeutic electrical signals having a base wave
b.sub.w of a particular voltage, it is understood that the present
invention is not limited to therapeutic electrical signals having
this particular voltage, but rather would include any voltage that
would produce therapeutic effects. In addition, the present
invention may be used for different types of therapies, including
relief of pain, relief of stress, electronic acupuncture and
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and, the
precise voltage and current of the base wave b.sub.w of the
therapeutic electrical signals for each of these therapies may
differ. Preferably, an electroconductive cream, as is known in the
art, should preferably be applied to the surface of the user to
improve the electrical contact between the plurality of electrodes
60 and the user, thereby decreasing contact resistance.
[0080] In addition, while the present invention has been described
with respect to three types of therapeutic electrical signals,
tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c, it is understood that the
invention is not restricted to these particular three types of
therapeutic electrical signals. While these three types of
therapeutic electrical signals tes.sub.a, tes.sub.b, tes.sub.c have
been found to be preferred therapeutic electrical signals, other
types of therapeutic electrical signals may also be used in the
predetermined pattern of this invention.
[0081] It will be understood that, although various features of the
invention have been described with respect to one or another of the
embodiments of the invention, the various features and embodiments
of the invention may be combined or used in conjunction with other
features and embodiments of the invention as described and
illustrated herein.
[0082] Although this disclosure has described and illustrated
certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be
understood that the invention is not restricted to these particular
embodiments. Rather, the invention includes all embodiments which
are functional, mechanical or electrical equivalents of the
specific embodiments and features that have been described and
illustrated herein.
* * * * *