U.S. patent application number 10/435201 was filed with the patent office on 2003-10-09 for heat exchanger.
This patent application is currently assigned to CALSONIC KANSEI CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Kameda, Hidenobu, Maeda, Koji, Meguriya, Yuichi, Takenaka, Hitoshi, Yoshida, Hiroyuki.
Application Number | 20030188855 10/435201 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26601284 |
Filed Date | 2003-10-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030188855 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Maeda, Koji ; et
al. |
October 9, 2003 |
Heat exchanger
Abstract
Combustion gas channels through which combustion gas (A) flowing
in from a combustion gas inlet (17) passes are formed in first and
second heat exchanger bodies (23) and (19) so as to be directed
toward a combustion gas outlet (21) respectively. Liquid fuel (B)
in which methanol and water have been mixed is supplied into a gap
(51) between a distribution plate (47) and an upper plate (49)
through fuel supply holes (57). The liquid fuel (B) is distributed
and supplied to the whole of the first heat exchanger body (23)
through a large number of holes in the distribution plate (47). In
the first and second heat exchanger bodies (23) and (19), fuel
channels (23a) and (19a) through which the liquid fuel (B) passes
are formed so as to be directed vertically and separated from the
combustion gas channels by partition plates, respectively. The
liquid fuel (B) passing through the fuel channels (23a) and (19a)
carries out heat exchange with the combustion gas. Thus, the liquid
fuel (B) is vaporized. Chamfers are formed in the lower surfaces of
the large number of holes of the distribution plate (47) so that
the liquid fuel (B) flowing down through the holes is collected in
the chamfer portions, and falls down in the form of drops. Thus,
flows of the liquid fuel flowing out from adjacent ones of the
holes are prevented from joining each other.
Inventors: |
Maeda, Koji; (Tokyo, JP)
; Meguriya, Yuichi; (Tokyo, JP) ; Kameda,
Hidenobu; (Tokyo, JP) ; Takenaka, Hitoshi;
(Tokyo, JP) ; Yoshida, Hiroyuki; (Tokyo,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE, MION, ZINN, MACPEAK & SEAS, PLLC
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington
DC
20037
US
|
Assignee: |
CALSONIC KANSEI CORPORATION
|
Family ID: |
26601284 |
Appl. No.: |
10/435201 |
Filed: |
May 12, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10435201 |
May 12, 2003 |
|
|
|
09966288 |
Oct 1, 2001 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/166 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23K 5/22 20130101; F28D
9/0093 20130101; B01B 1/005 20130101; F28D 9/0043 20130101; F28F
3/027 20130101; H01M 8/0631 20130101; F28F 2250/102 20130101; F28D
9/00 20130101; F28F 9/0278 20130101; Y02E 60/50 20130101; F28D
2021/0043 20130101; F28D 9/0056 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/166 |
International
Class: |
F28F 003/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 29, 2000 |
JP |
P. 2000-301155 |
Jan 26, 2001 |
JP |
P. 2001-018734 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heat exchanger comprising: a heating medium channel for
passing a high-temperature heating medium; a fuel channel provided
adjacent to the heating medium channel and separated from the
heating medium channels through a partition wall, the fuel channels
being supplied with liquid fuel from above the heating medium
channels to vaporize the liquid fuel by heat exchange with the
high-temperature heating medium; and a fuel supply plate provided
above the heat medium channels, the fuel supply plate having a
plurality of holes for passing the liquid fuel, wherein a
circumferential edge of a fuel-outflow-side opening portion of each
of the plurality of holes is chamfered.
2. A heat exchanger comprising: a heating medium channel for
passing a high-temperature heating medium; a fuel channel provided
adjacent to the heating medium channel and separated from the
heating medium channel through a partition wall, the fuel channels
being supplied with liquid fuel from above the heating medium
channel to vaporize the liquid fuel by heat exchange with the
high-temperature heating medium; and a fuel supply plate provided
above the heat medium channels, the fuel supply plate having a
plurality of holes for passing the liquid fuel, wherein a spot-face
is formed in a circumferential edge of a fuel-outflow-side opening
portion of each of the plurality of holes.
3. A heat exchanger comprising: a heating medium channels for
passing a high-temperature heating medium; a fuel channel provided
adjacent to the heating medium channel and separated from the
heating medium channels through a partition wall respectively, the
fuel channel being supplied with liquid fuel from above the heating
medium channel to vaporize the liquid fuel by heat exchange with
the high-temperature heating medium; and a fuel supply plate
provided above the heat medium channel, the fuel supply plate
having a plurality of holes for passing the liquid fuel, wherein a
protrusion is provided on a fuel outflow side from the plurality of
holes of the fuel supply plate to partition the plurality of
holes.
4. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the protrusion
is integrated with the fuel supply plate.
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the protrusion
is constituted by a lattice member provided separately from the
fuel supply plate.
6. A heat exchanger comprising: a heating medium channel for
passing a high-temperature heating medium; a fuel channel provided
adjacent to the heating medium channel and separated from the
heating medium channels through a partition wall, the fuel channels
being supplied with liquid fuel from above the heating medium
channel to vaporize the liquid fuel by heat exchange with the
high-temperature heating medium; and a fuel supply plate provided
above the heat medium channel, the fuel supply plate having a
plurality of holes for passing the liquid fuel, wherein a groove is
provided on a fuel outflow side from the plurality of holes of the
fuel supply plate to partition the plurality of holes.
7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the liquid fuel
is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the liquid fuel
is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
9. The heat exchanger according to claim 3, wherein the liquid fuel
is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
10. The heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the liquid
fuel is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
11. The heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein the liquid
fuel is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
12. The heat exchanger according to claim 6, wherein the liquid
fuel is a mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen
required for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is
supplied to a reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce
hydrogen.
13. A fuel battery heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of first
tube sheets each defining therein a first channel and a second
channel for passing a first fluid to be heated in directions
reverse to each other, and an intermediate channel for connecting
end portions of the first passage and the second passage with each
other; and a plurality of second tube sheets disposed between the
adjacent first tube sheets, the second tube sheets each defining
therein a heating channel for passing a second fluid for heating
the first fluid, wherein the second fluid passes through the
heating channel in a direction perpendicular to a direction of
passing the first fluid through the first channel and the second
channel.
14. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, wherein
each of the second tube sheets has an outer fin for forming the
heating channel.
15. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 14, wherein
each of the second tube sheets includes a first metal plate and a
second metal plate; and the outer fin is sandwiched between the
first metal plate and the second metal plate.
16. The fuel battery heat exchanger according to claim 13, wherein
the first fluid flows from the first channel to the second channel
through the intermediate channel; and the second fluid flows in a
direction from the second channel toward the first channel.
17. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, wherein
each of the first tube sheets includes: a third metal plate
defining the first channel, the second channel and the intermediate
channel; and a pair of partition plates sandwiching a third metal
plate.
18. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 17, wherein
the third metal plate defines the first channel, the second channel
and the intermediate channel to be folded back by 180 degrees in a
longitudinal end portion of the third metal plate.
19. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 18, wherein
each of the partition plates defines a first through hole and a
second through hole, and a third through hole; the first metal
plate defines a fourth through hole and a fifth through hole
provided to match the first and second through holes of each of the
partition plates; and the second metal plate defines a sixth
through hole provided to match the third through hole of each of
the partition plates.
20. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 19, wherein
an inner space of the fourth hole of each of the first metal plate
communicates with an inner space of the first through holes to form
an inlet tank portion for introducing the first fluid into the
first channel of each of the first tube sheet.
21. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 19, wherein
an inner space of the fifth through hole of each of the first metal
plates communicates with an inner space of the second through hole
of each of the partition plates to form an outlet tank portion for
collecting the first fluid flowing from the second channel of each
of the first tube sheet.
22. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 19, wherein
an inner space of the sixth through hole of each of the second
metal plate communicates with an inner space of the third through
hole of each of the partition plates to form the intermediate tank
including the plurality of intermediate channels of the heat
transfer element.
23. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 17, wherein
each of the first tube sheets includes an inner fin in the third
metal plate.
24. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, wherein
the heating fluid introduced from a side of the second channel.
25. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, wherein
the first channel is larger in volume than the second channel.
26. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, the
first and second channels have an inner fin, the inner fin
increases the flowing resistance of the first fluid in the flowing
direction along with the first and second channels to be larger
than the flowing resistance of the mixed fluid that flows in the
width direction.
27. A fuel battery heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of tube
sheets each defining therein a first channel for passing a first
fluid to be heated; a plurality of outer fins disposed between the
adjacent tube sheets, the outer fins each defining therein a second
channel for passing a second fluid for heating the first fluid; and
an inlet for introducing the first fluid into the first tube sheets
in a direction perpendicular to the first and the second channel,
wherein the first channel and the second channel are defined
perpendicular to each other; and
28. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 27, wherein
the tube sheets and outer fins are arranged in parallel with each
other.
29. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 28, wherein
the tube sheets have a plurality of first openings respectively;
and the plurality of first openings are connected with each other
to form an inlet tank space.
30. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 29, further
comprising a fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes for
passing the first fluid, the fuel supply plate disposed in the
inlet tank space.
31. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 27, wherein
each of the tube sheets includes an inner fin.
32. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 27, wherein
the first channel includes: a first heat exchanging portion for
passing the first fluid in a first direction; and a second heat
exchanging portion for passing the first fluid in a second
direction opposite to the first direction.
33. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 32, wherein
the tube sheets have a plurality of second openings respectively;
and the plurality of second openings are connected with each other
to form an outlet tank space.
34. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 33, wherein
the outlet tank space is defined above the second heat exchanging
portion; and an outlet for discharging the first fluid is provided
to the outlet tank space.
35. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 32, wherein
the first exchanging portion and the second exchanging portion is
communicated with each other through a intermediate passage.
36. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 32, wherein
two laminated plates form each of the tube sheets.
37. The fuel battery heat exchanger as claimed in claim 27, the
first channel have an inner fin, the inner fin increases the
flowing resistance of the first fluid in the flowing direction
along with the first channel to be larger than the flowing
resistance of the mixed fluid that flows in the width direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a heat exchanger. In the
heat exchanger, a high-temperature heating medium passes from above
heating medium channels, and liquid fuel is supplied to fuel
channels adjacent to the heating medium channels through partition
walls respectively, so that the liquid fuel is vaporized by heat
exchange with the high-temperature heating medium.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] The related art of the present invention will be described
with reference to FIGS. 23-27. However, please note that these
figures are prepared based on internal information of Calsonic
Kansei Corporation that the Inventors belong to. Accordingly, these
figures do not always constitute prior art of the invention.
[0005] For example, the fuel battery heat exchanger for a fuel
battery is used to evaporate a liquid mixture of methanol
(CH.sub.3OH) and water (H.sub.2O) and further superheat the
evaporated mixture to a predetermined temperature in order to
obtain hydrogen gas (H.sub.2).
[0006] The power generation principle of the fuel battery will be
described briefly with reference to FIG. 23. FIG. 23 shows only one
cell 101 which forms a unit of the fuel battery. An intermediate
portion of the cell 101 is partitioned by a membrane 105. The
membrane 105 is formed by sandwiching an electrolyte 102 of
phosphoric acid or the like between a hydrogen electrode 103 and an
air electrode (oxygen electrode) 104. The membrane 105 has the
property of permeating only hydrogen ions (H+). In addition,
hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) is fed into a first reaction chamber 106 on
the hydrogen electrode 103 side through a hydrogen supply port 107,
while gas including unreacted hydrogen gas is allowed to be
exhausted from a hydrogen reflux port 108. On the other hand, the
air containing oxygen gas (O.sub.2) is fed into a second reaction
chamber 109 on the air electrode 104 side through an oxygen supply
port 110, while the air is allowed to be exhausted from an exhaust
port 111.
[0007] When power generation is to be performed, hydrogen gas is
supplied into the first reaction chamber 106 through the hydrogen
supply port 107 while the air containing oxygen gas is supplied
into the second reaction chamber 109 through the oxygen supply port
110. As a result, the following reaction is produced in a portion
of the hydrogen electrode 103 which faces the first reaction
chamber 106.
H.sub.2.fwdarw.2H.sup.++2e.sup.-
[0008] Hydrogen ions generated thus permeate the membrane 105 and
enter the second reaction chamber 109. Then, the following reaction
is produced in a portion of the air electrode 104 which faces the
second reaction chamber 109.
2H.sup.++O.sub.2/2+2e.sup.-.fwdarw.H.sub.2O
[0009] As a result, a difference in potential is produced between
the hydrogen electrode 103 and the air electrode 104. Since the
difference in potential is only about 1 V per cell 101, a required
number of cells 101 shown in FIG. 23 are stacked and connected in
series to thereby form a fuel battery stack (not shown). Thus, a
required voltage is acquired. In addition, since a current obtained
by this fuel battery stack is a direct current, the current is
inverted alternately by an inverter when an alternate current is
required.
[0010] To make the cell 101 generate electric power on the
above-mentioned principle, it is necessary to feed hydrogen gas
into the first reaction chamber 106. This hydrogen gas is taken out
directly from a tank of a hydrogen absorbing alloy or the like, or
produced by reforming fuel such as methanol (CH.sub.3OH) or the
like other than hydrogen gas. For example, when hydrogen gas is
produced by use of methanol as fuel, required hydrogen gas can be
obtained by the following reaction in the reformer.
CH.sub.3OH+H.sub.2O.fwdarw.CO.sub.2+3H.sub.2
[0011] Hydrogen used in the fuel battery is made from methanol. In
a fuel battery system in the related art, methanol required for
hydrogen is supplied as vapor to a reforming reactor for reforming
methanol, and water required for a reforming reaction is also
supplied as vapor to the reforming reactor.
[0012] FIGS. 24 and 25 are a perspective view and a side view
showing a heat exchanger which functions as a first heat exchanger
for evaporating the above-mentioned liquid fuel in which methanol
and water are mixed. A first heat exchanger body 5 and a second
heat exchanger body 3 are received in a body 1 of this heat
exchanger. A combustion gas inlet 7 through which high-temperature
combustion gas A is introduced is formed on the upstream side of
the second heat exchanger body 3. On the other hand, a combustion
gas outlet 9 through which the combustion gas after heat exchange
is discharged is formed on the downstream side of the first heat
exchanger body 5.
[0013] The first and second heat exchanger bodies 5 and 3 have
combustion gas channels Sa and 3a respectively, as shown in FIG.
26. The combustion gas channels 5a and 3a through which the
combustion gas A passes are extended horizontally. In addition, the
first and second heat exchanger bodies 5 and 3 have fuel channels
5b and 3b, respectively. The fuel channels 5b and 3b are separated
from the combustion gas channels Sa and 3a by partition plates, and
are extended vertically. Liquid fuel B in which methanol and water
have been mixed passes through the fuel channels 5b and 3b.
[0014] In addition, above the first heat exchanger body 5, a
distribution plate 11 for supplying fuel as shown in FIG. 27 is
installed so that a gap through which the liquid fuel B is supplied
is formed all over the upper area of the distribution plate 11. A
large number of holes 11a are provided in the distribution plate 11
so as to penetrate the distribution plate 11 vertically. The liquid
fuel B is supplied into the above-mentioned gap in the direction
shown in FIG. 25. As a result, the liquid fuel B falls down toward
the first heat exchanger body 5 through the large number of holes
11a as shown in FIG. 27. Further, the liquid fuel B passes through
a lower channel of the body 1, and flows upward into the second
heat exchanger body 3. Thus, heat exchange is carried out between
the liquid fuel B and the high-temperature combustion gas A so that
the liquid fuel B is turned to vapor. The vapor which is a mixed
gas of methanol and water flows out from a fuel outlet 13 so as to
be supplied to a not-shown reforming reactor.
[0015] When the liquid-fuel B is supplied to the first heat
exchanger body 5, the liquid fuel B spreads all over the first heat
exchanger body 5 because the large number of holes 11a are provided
in the distribution plate 11. By narrowing the distance between
every adjacent two of the large number of holes 11a to a certain
extent, in other words, by forming a larger number of holes 11a,
the liquid fuel B can be supplied to the whole area of the first
heat exchanger body 5 more uniformly.
[0016] However, if the distance between every adjacent two of the
large number of holes 11a is too narrow, flows of the liquid fuel B
through adjacent ones of the holes 11a join each other in the lower
surface of the distribution plate 11. As a result, a large amount
of the liquid fuel B falls down to a certain portion so that the
liquid fuel B cannot be supplied uniformly to the whole area of the
first heat exchanger body 5. Thus, there is a problem that the heat
exchanger cannot exert its function satisfactorily.
[0017] When the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat
exchanger 3 provided separately from each other are provided in the
fuel battery so as to evaporate and superheat the mixed liquid of
methanol and water to a predetermined temperature as described
above, not only does the circuit of the fuel battery become
complicated, but the number of parts of the fuel battery also
increases. Thus, the fuel battery as a whole increases in cost and
in size. In addition, because the first heat exchanger 5 and the
second heat exchanger 3 are provided separately from each other for
the purpose of circulating high-temperature gas through the first
heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 3 separately, if the
first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 3 are bonded
integrally without devising any special bonding method, it is
difficult to keep the bonded state excellent for a long time. In
addition, in the case where at least parts of constituent members
of the first heat exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 3 are
joined to each other by brazing, if the first heat exchanger 5 and
the second heat exchanger 3 are joined integrally by welding such
as Tig welding or the like, heat of the welding may result in
secondary melting in the brazed portion between the first heat
exchanger 5 and the second heat exchanger 3. If such secondary
melting occurs, the yield of products deteriorates, of course, to
thereby cause increase in cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0018] It is therefore an object of the present invention to supply
liquid fuel more uniformly to the whole area of a heat exchanger
body.
[0019] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
compact and inexpensive structure in which fluid to be heated such
as mixed liquid of methanol and water can be evaporated by heating
fluid such as heating gas, and further superheated to a
predetermined temperature.
[0020] According to the present invention, there is provided a heat
exchanger comprising:
[0021] a heating medium channel for passing a high-temperature
heating medium;
[0022] a fuel channel provided adjacent to the heating medium
channel and separated from the heating medium channels through a
partition wall, the fuel channels being supplied with liquid fuel
from above the heating medium channels to vaporize the liquid fuel
by heat exchange with the high-temperature heating medium; and
[0023] a fuel supply plate provided above the heat medium channels,
the fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes for passing the
liquid fuel,
[0024] wherein a circumferential edge of a fuel-outflow-side
opening portion of each of the plurality of holes is chamfered.
[0025] According to the present invention, there is provided a heat
exchanger comprising:
[0026] a heating medium channel for passing a high-temperature
heating medium;
[0027] a fuel channel provided adjacent to the heating medium
channel and separated from the heating medium channel through a
partition wall, the fuel channels being supplied with liquid fuel
from above the heating medium channel to vaporize the liquid fuel
by heat exchange with the high-temperature heating medium; and
[0028] a fuel supply plate provided above the heat medium channels,
the fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes for passing the
liquid fuel,
[0029] wherein a spot-face is formed in a circumferential edge of a
fuel-outflow-side opening portion of each of the plurality of
holes.
[0030] According to the present invention, there is provided a heat
exchanger comprising:
[0031] a heating medium channels for passing a high-temperature
heating medium;
[0032] a fuel channel provided adjacent to the heating medium
channel and separated from the heating medium channels through a
partition wall respectively, the fuel channel being supplied with
liquid fuel from above the heating medium channel to vaporize the
liquid fuel by heat exchange with the high-temperature heating
medium; and
[0033] a fuel supply plate provided above the heat medium channel,
the fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes for passing the
liquid fuel,
[0034] wherein a protrusion is provided on a fuel outflow side from
the plurality of holes of the fuel supply plate to partition the
plurality of holes.
[0035] According to the present invention, the protrusion may be
integrated with the fuel supply plate.
[0036] According to the present invention, the protrusion may be
constituted by a lattice member provided separately from the fuel
supply plate.
[0037] According to the present invention, there is provided a heat
exchanger comprising:
[0038] a heating medium channel for passing a high-temperature
heating medium;
[0039] a fuel channel provided adjacent to the heating medium
channel and separated from the heating medium channels through a
partition wall, the fuel channels being supplied with liquid fuel
from above the heating medium channel to vaporize the liquid fuel
by heat exchange with the high-temperature heating medium; and
[0040] a fuel supply plate provided above the heat medium channel,
the fuel supply plate having a plurality of holes for passing the
liquid fuel,
[0041] wherein a groove is provided on a fuel outflow side from the
plurality of holes of the fuel supply plate to partition the
plurality of holes.
[0042] According to the present invention, the liquid fuel may be a
mixed fuel of methanol and water for producing hydrogen required
for a fuel battery, and the mixed fuel vaporized is supplied to a
reforming reactor for reforming methanol to produce hydrogen.
[0043] According to the present invention, there is provided a fuel
battery heat exchanger comprising:
[0044] a plurality of first tube sheets each defining therein a
first channel and a second channel for passing a first fluid to be
heated in directions reverse to each other, and an intermediate
channel for connecting end portions of the first passage and the
second passage with each other; and
[0045] a plurality of second tube sheets disposed between the
adjacent first tube sheets, the second tube sheets each defining
therein a third channel for passing a second fluid for heating the
first fluid,
[0046] wherein the second fluid passes through the third channel in
a direction perpendicular to a direction of passing the first fluid
through the first channel and the second channel.
[0047] According to the present invention, each of the second tube
sheets has an outer fin for forming the third channel.
[0048] According to the present invention, each of the second tube
sheets may include a first metal plate and a second metal plate;
and
[0049] the outer fin may be sandwiched between the first metal
plate and the second metal plate.
[0050] According to the present invention, the first fluid may flow
from the first channel to the second channel through the
intermediate channel; and
[0051] the second fluid may flow in a direction from the second
channel to the first channel.
[0052] According to the present invention, each of the first tube
sheets may include:
[0053] a third metal plate defining the first channel, the second
channel and the intermediate channel; and
[0054] a pair of partition plates sandwiching a third metal
plate.
[0055] According to the present invention, the third metal plate
may define the first channel, the second channel and the
intermediate channel to be folded back by 180 degrees in a
longitudinal end portion of the third metal plate.
[0056] According to the present invention, each of the partition
plates may define a first through hole and a second through hole,
and a third through hole;
[0057] the first metal plate may define a fourth through hole and a
fifth through hole provided to match the first and second through
holes of each of the partition plates; and
[0058] the second metal plate may define a six through hole
provided to match the third through hole of each of the partition
plates.
[0059] According to the present invention, an inner space of the
fourth hole of each of the first metal plate may communicate with
an inner space of the first through holes to form an inlet tank
portion for introducing the first fluid into the first channel of
each of the first tube sheet.
[0060] According to the present invention, an inner space of the
fifth through hole of each of the first metal plates may
communicate with an inner space of the second through hole of each
of the partition plates to form an outlet tank portion for
collecting the first fluid flowing from the second channel of each
of the first tube sheet.
[0061] According to the present invention, an inner space of the
sixth through hole of each of the second metal plate may
communicate with an inner space of the third through hole of each
of the partition plates to form the intermediate tank including the
plurality of intermediate channels of the heat transfer
element.
[0062] According to the present invention, each of the first tube
sheets may include an inner fin in the third metal plate.
[0063] According to the invention, a fuel supply plate having a
large number of holes through which liquid fuel passes for carrying
out heat exchange between the liquid fuel and a heating medium
flowing in heating medium channels is provided above the heating
medium channels in a heat exchanger. In addition, chamfers are
provided respectively in the circumferential edges of the
fuel-outflow-side opening portions of the large number of holes.
Accordingly, even if the distance between adjacent ones of the
holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out through the holes is
once kept in the chamfer portions of the respective holes, and
thereafter falls down in the form of drops. Thus, the flows of the
liquid fuel flowing through adjacent ones of the holes can be
prevented from joining each other. As a result, it is possible to
supply the liquid fuel to the whole area of the heat exchanger more
uniformly.
[0064] According to the invention, a fuel supply plate having a
large number of holes through which liquid fuel passes for carrying
out heat exchange between the liquid fuel and a heating medium
flowing in heating medium channels is provided above the heating
medium channels in a heat exchanger. In addition, spot-faces are
provided respectively in the circumferential edges of the
fuel-outflow-side opening portions of the large number of holes.
Accordingly, even if the distance between adjacent ones of the
holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out through the holes is
once kept in the spot-face portions of the respective holes, and
thereafter falls down in the form of drops. Thus, the flows of the
liquid fuel flowing through adjacent ones of the holes can be
prevented from joining each other. As a result, it is possible to
supply the liquid fuel to the whole area of the heat exchanger more
uniformly.
[0065] According to the invention, a fuel supply plate having a
large number of holes through which liquid fuel passes for carrying
out heat exchange between the liquid fuel and a heating medium
flowing in heating medium channels is provided above the heating
medium channels in a heat exchanger. In addition, protrusions for
partitioning the large number of holes are provided on the fuel
outflow side from the large number of holes of the fuel supply
plate. Accordingly, even if the distance between adjacent ones of
the holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out through the
holes is blocked by the protrusions. Thus, the flows of the liquid
fuel flowing out through adjacent ones of the holes can be
prevented from joining each other. As a result, it is possible to
supply the liquid fuel to the whole area of the heat exchanger more
uniformly.
[0066] According to the invention, the protrusions are integrated
with the fuel supply plate. Thus, when the protrusions are to be
provided, it is not necessary to add new parts, and it is possible
to prevent the number of parts from increasing.
[0067] According to the invention, the protrusions are constituted
by a lattice member provided separately from the fuel supply plate.
Thus, working for forming the protrusions in the fuel supply plate
can be omitted so that the working becomes easy.
[0068] According to the invention, a fuel supply plate having a
large number of holes through which liquid fuel passes for carrying
out heat exchange between the liquid fuel and a heating medium
flowing in heating medium channels is provided above the heating
medium channels in a heat exchanger. In addition, grooves for
partitioning the large number of holes are provided on the fuel
outflow side from the large number of holes of the fuel supply
plate. Accordingly, even if the distance between adjacent ones of
the holes is narrowed, the liquid fuel flowing out through the
holes is blocked by the grooves. Thus, the flows of the liquid fuel
flowing out through adjacent ones of the holes can be prevented
from joining each other. As a result, it is possible to supply the
liquid fuel to the whole area of the heat exchanger more
uniformly.
[0069] According to the invention, the liquid fuel is a mixed fuel
of methanol and water for producing hydrogen required for a fuel
battery. Thus, it is possible to vaporize the mixed fuel surely, so
that hydrogen to be supplied to the fuel battery can be produced
surely in a reforming reactor.
[0070] In addition, the present invention configured thus can
provide a compact and inexpensive structure in which fluid (first
fluid) to be heated such as mixed liquid of methanol and water can
be evaporated by heating fluid (second fluid) such as heating gas
and further superheated to a predetermined temperature. That is,
according to the present invention, heat exchange is carried out
between the liquid fluid to be heated and the heating fluid while
the heating fluid is flowing in the respective heating channels and
the fluid to be heated is flowing through the respective upstream
heated channels. Thus, the liquid fluid to be heated is heated and
evaporated. Then, heat exchange is further carried out between the
evaporated fluid to be heated and the heating fluid while the fluid
to be heated is flowing through the respective downstream heated
channels. Thus, the fluid to be heated is superheated to a
predetermined temperature. In addition, according to the present
invention, intermediate heated channels for connecting the end
portions of the upstream and downstream heated channels with each
other so as to make the fluid to be heated flow in directions
reverse to each other can be constituted by parts of the plurality
of heat transfer pipe elements. Thus, a first heat exchanger and a
second heat exchanger provided separately from each other do not
have to be joined to each other, so that the number of parts in the
fuel battery as a whole can be reduced. As a result, the cost can
be reduced, and the fuel battery can be miniaturized. In addition,
even if at least parts of constituent members are bonded with each
other by brazing, it is possible to surely prevent secondary
dissolution from being produced in brazed portions due to the heat
of welding.
[0071] Further, according to the fuel battery heat exchanger, heat
exchange can be carried out between comparatively high-temperature
heating fluid and comparatively high-temperature fluid to be
heated, and between comparatively low-temperature heating fluid and
comparatively low-temperature fluid to be superheated,
respectively. Thus, the evaporated fluid to be heated can be
superheated to a predetermined temperature more easily. In
addition, the difference in temperature between the opposite sides
of constituent members provided for partitioning the respective
heating channels from the upstream and downstream heated channels
can be reduced so that thermal stress produced in these constituent
members can be reduced. Thus, the durability of the fuel battery
heat exchanger according to the present invention can be ensured
satisfactorily.
[0072] Further, according to the fuel battery heat exchanger, the
degree of freedom in the position where an end portion of a pipe
arrangement for feeding the fluid to be heated into the core
portion is connected to an end portion of a pipe arrangement for
taking out the fluid to be heated from the core portion can be
improved. Thus, the space where the fuel battery heat exchanger
according to the present invention is disposed can be utilized
effectively.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0073] FIG. 1 is a sectional view in a fuel channel portion of a
heat exchanger showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0074] FIG. 2 is a sectional view in a combustion gas channel
portion of the heat exchanger in FIG. 1.
[0075] FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing parts of fuel
channels shown in FIG. 1.
[0076] FIG. 4 is a view showing parts of combustion gas channels
shown in FIG. 2 when viewed in the left/right direction.
[0077] FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel supply unit
in the heat exchanger in FIG. 1.
[0078] FIG. 6A is a bottom view showing a part of a distribution
plate in the fuel supply unit in FIG. 5, and FIG. 6B is a sectional
view taken on line C-C in FIG. 6A.
[0079] FIGS. 7A and 7B show a modification of FIGS. 6A and 6B, FIG.
7A being a bottom view showing a part of the distribution plate,
FIG. 7B being a sectional view taken on line D-D in FIG. 7A.
[0080] FIGS. 8A and 8B show an example in which recess portions are
formed around holes in the lower surface of the distribution plate,
FIG. 8A being a bottom view showing a part of the distribution
plate, FIG. 8B being a sectional view taken online E-E in FIG.
8A.
[0081] FIGS. 9A and 9B show an example in which grooves like a
lattice are formed around holes in the lower surface of the
distribution plate, FIG. 9A being a bottom view showing a part of
the distribution plate, FIG. 9B being a sectional view taken on
line F-F in FIG. 9A.
[0082] FIGS. 10A and 10B show an example in which a lattice member
is fixed to the lower surface of the distribution plate, FIG. 10A
being a bottom view showing a part of the distribution plate, FIG.
10B being a sectional view taken on line G-G in FIG. 10A.
[0083] FIGS. 11A and 11B show an example in which another lattice
member is fixed to the lower surface of the distribution plate,
FIG. 11A being a bottom view showing a part of the distribution
plate, FIG. 11B being a sectional view taken on line H-H in FIG.
11A.
[0084] FIG. 12 is a partially abbreviated diagram showing an
embodiment of the present invention.
[0085] FIG. 13 is a bottom view of FIG. 1.
[0086] FIG. 14 is a partially exploded perspective view of a fuel
battery heat exchanger according to the present invention.
[0087] FIG. 15 is a view of a third metal plate provided with
assembling support portions in transversely opposite ends.
[0088] FIG. 16 is a partially enlarged view of inner fins.
[0089] FIG. 17 is a view of a partition plate provided with
assembling support portions in transversely opposite ends.
[0090] FIG. 18 is a view showing a combination element.
[0091] FIG. 19 is a partially enlarged view of outer fins.
[0092] FIG. 20 is a view showing one of a pair of side plates.
[0093] FIG. 21 is a view showing the other side plate likewise.
[0094] FIG. 22 is a view of an embodiment of the present invention
immediately after brazing.
[0095] FIG. 23 is a substantially sectional view of a cell for use
in explaining the power generation principle of a fuel battery.
[0096] FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing the whole of a heat
exchanger in the related art.
[0097] FIG. 25 is a side view of the heat exchanger in FIG. 24.
[0098] FIG. 26 is an explanatory view showing the flows of fuel and
combustion gas in the heat exchanger in FIG. 24.
[0099] FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a distribution plate in the
heat exchanger in FIG. 24.
[0100] FIG. 28 is a view showing a third embodiment of the present
invention.
[0101] FIG. 29 is a view showing a plurality of sheet tubes.
[0102] FIGS. 30A and 30B are view showing structure of each sheet
tube.
[0103] FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing the sheet tube.
[0104] FIG. 32 is a view showing an inner fin applied in the third
embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0105] The present invention will be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
[0106] First Embodiment
[0107] A first embodiment of the present invention will be
described below with reference to the drawings.
[0108] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a heat exchanger showing the
first embodiment of the present invention. This heat exchanger has
a basic configuration similar to that of the heat exchanger in the
related art shown in FIG. 24, except that the distribution plate
shown in FIG. 27 is different from that used in the heat exchanger
in the related art.
[0109] That is, in the above-mentioned heat exchanger, a second
heat exchanger body 19 is received on a combustion gas inlet 17
side in a body 15, and a first heat exchanger body 23 is received
on a combustion gas outlet 21 side in the body 15. A fuel
communication channel 25 is provided in the lower portion of the
body 15 so that lower end portions of fuel channels 23a in a first
heat exchanger body 23 communicate with lower end portions of fuel
channels 19a in a second heat exchanger body 19. The fuel
communication channel 25 is formed by a lower opening portion of
the body 15 closed with a lower plate 27.
[0110] A fuel outlet 29 communicates with upper end portions of the
fuel channels 19a. This fuel outlet 29 communicates with a
not-shown reforming reactor to which vapor of methanol and vapor of
water are introduced to thereby produce hydrogen.
[0111] While FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of the portion of the
fuel channels 19a and 23a, FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the
portion of combustion gas channels 19b and 23b as heating medium
channels through which combustion gas as a high-temperature heating
medium passes. FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing parts of the
fuel channels 19a and 23a shown in FIG. 1, that is, FIG. 3 is a
plan view showing a view viewed vertically sectioned in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a view in which parts of the combustion gas channels 19b
and 23b shown in FIG. 2 are viewed in the left/right direction.
[0112] A plurality of plate-like fins 31 are disposed in each of
the fuel channels 19a and 23a as shown in FIG. 3 so as to extend
vertically in FIG. 1. On the other hand, fins 33 corrugated as
shown in FIG. 4 are disposed in each of the combustion gas channels
19b and 23b. Then, among the fins 31 and 33, partition plates 35
are provided as partition walls for partitioning the fuel channels
19a and 23a and the combustion gas channels 19b and 23b.
[0113] In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, sealing members 37 and 38
in the opposite, left and right ends of the fuel channels 19a
prevent the combustion gas A from flowing into the fuel channels
19a. On the other hand, sealing members 39 and 40 in the opposite,
left and right ends of the fuel channels 23a prevent the combustion
gas A from flowing into the fuel channels 23a. Further, as shown in
FIG. 2, sealing members 41 and 42 in the opposite, upper and lower
ends of the combustion gas channels 19b prevent the liquid fuel B
from flowing into the combustion gas channels 19b. On the other
hand, sealing members 43 and 44 in the opposite, upper and lower
ends of the combustion gas channels 23b prevent the liquid fuel B
from flowing into the combustion gas channels 23b.
[0114] A fuel supply unit 45 is provided in the upper opening
portion of the body 15 corresponding to the upper portion of the
first heat exchanger body 23. In the fuel supply unit 45, a gap 51
through which fuel is supplied is formed between a distribution
plate 47 which acts as a fuel supply plate and an upper plate 49
which is disposed above the distribution plate 47. The distribution
plate 47 and the upper plate 49 are put on top of each other, as
shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5. A belt-like gap formation
member 53 is attached to three circumferential sides of the upper
plate 49 side surface of the distribution plate 47. The upper plate
49 is put on the gap formation member 53. Thus, the gap 51 is
formed.
[0115] The end portion of the distribution plate 47 in which the
gap formation member 53 is not provided is bent into a down curved
L-shape. A fuel supply bracket 55 is fixed to this bent portion.
Fuel supply holes 57 communicating with the gap 51 are formed in
the fuel supply bracket 55. The liquid fuel B in which methanol and
water have been mixed is supplied into the fuel supply holes 57. In
addition, a cover 59 is further attached onto the upper plate
49.
[0116] A large number of holes 61 through which the liquid fuel B
passes are formed in the distribution plate 47 substantially
correspondingly to the whole upper surface of the first heat
exchanger body 23. FIG. 6A is a bottom view showing a part of the
distribution plate 47, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken on
line C-C in FIG. 6A. Chamfers 63 are formed in the large number of
holes 61 in the lower surface facing the first heat exchanger body
23. When the distribution plate 47 is made of stainless steel to be
1 mm thick, the size of each of the holes 61 is .phi.0.5, and the
size of each of the chamfers 63 is C0.7. Such a chamfer 63 is
formed in every hole 61. Incidentally, the angle of the chamfer 63
is not limited to 45 degrees.
[0117] In the heat exchanger configured thus, the combustion gas A
flowing through the combustion gas inlet 17 passes through the
combustion gas channels 19b of the second heat exchanger body 19
and the combustion gas channels 23b of the first heat exchanger
body 23 sequentially, and flows out to the outside through the
combustion gas outlet 21. On the other hand, the liquid fuel B in
which methanol and water have been mixed is supplied to the gap 51
between the distribution plate 47 and the upper plate 49 through
the fuel supply holes 57, and spreads substantially all over the
gap 51. After that, the liquid fuel B passes through the large
number of holes 61 and falls down into the fuel channels 23a of the
first heat exchanger body 23. Then, heat exchange between the
liquid fuel B and the combustion gas A is carried out at the fuel
channels 23a and the fuel gas channels 23b so that the liquid fuel
B is vaporized while being partially remained unvaporized. Further,
the fuel passes through the fuel communication channel 25 and rises
in the fuel channels 19a of the second heat exchanger body 19.
Then, heat exchange between the liquid fuel B and the combustion
gas A is carried out again at the fuel channels 19a and the fuel
gas channel 19b. Thus, the liquid fuel B vaporized entirely flows
to the outside of the heat exchanger through the fuel outlet 29, so
as to be supplied to a not-shown reforming reactor.
[0118] When the liquid fuel B falls down into the first heat
exchanger body 23 through the large number of holes 61, flows of
the liquid fuel B are once collected in the outlet portions of the
holes 61 by the surface tension of the liquid fuel B because the
chamfers 63 are formed in the outlet portions of the holes 61.
Then, the liquid fuel B falls down in the form of drops. Thus, even
if the holes 61 are disposed so that adjacent ones are close to
each other to a certain extent, the drops of the liquid fuel B
flowing out through the adjacent holes 61 are prevented from
joining each other. As a result, the liquid fuel B can be supplied
to the whole area of the first heat exchanger body 23 more
uniformly, so that the heat exchanger can exert its function
satisfactorily.
[0119] FIGS. 7A and 7B show a variation of the first embodiment in
which spot-face 65 is formed in the lower surface of every hole 61.
FIG. 7A is a bottom view showing a part of the distribution plate
47, and FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken on line D-D in FIG. 7A.
By provision of the spot-faces 65, the liquid fuel B is collected
in the portions of the spot-faces 65 in the same manner as that in
FIGS. 6A and 6B. Then, the liquid fuel B falls down in the form of
drops. Thus, an effect similar to that in FIGS. 6A and 6B can be
obtained.
[0120] FIGS. 8A and 8B show another variation of the first
embodiment in which square recess portions 67 are formed around the
holes 61 respectively. FIG. 8A is a bottom view showing a part of
the distribution plate 47, and FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken on
line E-E in FIG. 8A. The recess portions 67 are formed around the
holes 61 so that protrusions 68 are formed like a lattice so as to
partition the holes 61. In this case, the liquid fuel B flowing out
through the holes 61 is collected in the recess portions 67, and
blocked by the protrusions 68. Then, the flows of the liquid fuel B
flowing out through adjacent ones of the holes 61 are prevented
from joining each other. Thus, an effect similar to that in the
embodiment in FIGS. 6A and 6B can be obtained.
[0121] FIGS. 9A and 9B show still another variation of the first
embodiment in which grooves 69 like a lattice are formed around the
holes 61 respectively so as to partition adjacent ones of the holes
61. FIG. 9A is a bottom view showing a part of the distribution
plate 47, and FIG. 9B is a sectional view taken on line F-F in FIG.
9A. The grooves 69 are formed like a lattice so that square
protrusion portions 71 are formed in portions surrounded by the
lattice grooves 69. In this case, flows of the liquid fuel B
flowing out through adjacent ones of the holes 61 into the lower
surface of the distribution plate 47 are blocked by the grooves 69
so as to be prevented from joining each other. Then, the liquid
fuel B collected on the protrusion portions 71 around the holes 61
falls down in the form of drops. Thus, an effect similar to that in
FIGS. 6A and 6B can be obtained.
[0122] In the embodiments of FIGS. 6A and 6B, FIGS. 7A and 7B,
FIGS. 8A and 8B and FIGS. 9A and 9B, it will go well if mechanical
working such as the chamfers 63 or the like is given to the
distribution plate 47. No other new parts are required, and the
number of parts is prevented from increasing.
[0123] In FIGS. 10A and 10B, a lattice member 73 is fixed to the
lower surface of the distribution plate 47 so as to form
protrusions. Thus, the holes 61 are located to be surrounded by the
lattice portions respectively. FIG. 10A is a bottom view showing a
part of the distribution plate 47, and FIG. 10B is a sectional view
taken on line G-G in FIG. 10A. In this case, the liquid fuel B
flowing out from the lower surfaces of the holes 61 is collected in
the inner lattice portions, and falls down in the form of drops.
Thus, an effect similar to that in the embodiment in FIGS. 6A and
6B can be obtained.
[0124] In FIGS. 11A and 11B, areas of the inner lattice portions of
a lattice member 75 forming protrusions are increased so that the
inner lattice portions correspond to the holes 61 respectively.
FIG. 11A is a bottom view showing a part of the distribution plate
47, and FIG. 11B is a sectional view taken on line H-H in FIG. 11A.
Also in this case, the liquid fuel B flowing out from the lower
surfaces of the holes 61 is collected in the inner lattice
portions, and falls down in the form of drops. Thus, an effect
similar to that in the embodiment in FIGS. 6A and 6B can be
obtained.
[0125] In the variation of the first embodiment of FIGS. 10A and
10B and the variation of the first embodiment of FIGS. 11A and 11B,
it will go well if working for forming the holes 61 is given to the
distribution plate 47. Thus, the working becomes easy.
[0126] In addition, in each of the embodiments of FIGS. 8A and 8B,
FIGS. 9A and 9B, FIGS. 10A and 10B and FIGS. 11A to 11B, by
performing working for forming holes 61 in the distribution plate
47 after the recess portions 67, the grooves 69 or the lattice
member 73 or 75 is provided on the distribution plate 47, for
example, the holes 61 can be disposed in the inside of the lattice
portions of the lattice member 73 easily. It is therefore possible
to reduce the manufacturing cost.
[0127] Incidentally, the shapes around the holes 61 in the lower
surface of the distribution plate 47 are not limited to those in
the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, the lower surfaces of
the holes 61 may be formed into concavely curved surfaces in place
of the chamfers 63 in FIGS. 6A and 6B or the spot-faces 65 in FIGS.
7A and 7B. Alternatively, the square recess portions 67 in FIGS. 8A
and 8B may be made circular, or the grooves 69 in FIGS. 9A and 9B
may be formed so that the square protrusion portions 71 become
circular. Further, for example, expanded metal may be fixed to the
lower surface of the distribution plate 47 in place of the lattice
member 73 or 75 in FIGS. 10A and 10B or FIGS. 11A and 11B.
[0128] Second Embodiment
[0129] FIGS. 12 to 22 show a second embodiment of the present
invention. A first heat exchanger 114 with a second heat exchanger,
which is a fuel battery heat exchanger according to the present
invention, has a core portion 119. In the core portion 119, a
plurality of heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . are put on
top of one another so that a pair of first and second metal plates
116 and 117 and outer fins 118 are provided between adjacent ones
115 and 115 of the heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . .
Each of the heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . includes a
flat channel in the inner side thereof. The flat channel is to flow
mixed fluid of methanol and water, which is a fluid to be
heated.
[0130] Each heat transfer pipe element 115 of the core portion 119
is constituted by a third metal plate 121 formed like a frame as a
whole, and a pair of partition plates 122 and 122 holding the third
metal plate 121 from the opposite sides of the third metal plate
121. In addition, in a part of the inner circumferential surface of
each third metal plate 121, a partition portion 123 which is long
in the longitudinal direction (in the up/down direction of FIG. 15)
is formed to project in a portion close to one transverse end of a
side surface (a portion close to the left end in FIG. 15) facing
one longitudinal side (the lower side in FIG. 15). Then, inside
each third metal plate 121, a U-shaped channel 124 is formed to be
folded back to the opposite side by 180 degrees in the other
longitudinal end portion (the lower end portion in FIG. 15). The
ratio W.sub.24b/W.sub.24a of a transverse length W.sub.24b of a
half portion on one end side of the U-shaped channel 124 (the left
end side in FIG. 15) to a transverse length W.sub.24a of a half
portion on the other end side (the right end side in FIG. 15)
ranges approximately from 0.1 to 0.2
(W.sub.24b/W.sub.24a.apprxeq.0.1.about.0.2). Further, in this
embodiment, protrusion portions 125a and 125a are formed at two
positions in each of the opposite side surfaces in the transverse
direction (in the left/right direction of FIG. 15) of each third
metal plate 121 so as to project from the vicinities of the
longitudinally opposite end portions of each of the transversely
opposite side surfaces of the third metal plate 121. In addition,
in this embodiment, substantially circular assembling support
portions 126a, 126a, . . . are formed in the forward end portions
(the crosshatched portions in FIG. 15) of the respective protrusion
portions 125a, 125a, . . . in the state where the respective
constituent members of the first heat exchanger 114 provided with
the second heat exchanger portion have not been yet jointed to each
other by brazing. Then, through holes 127, 127, . . . through which
pipe-like rods described later can be inserted freely are formed in
the respective assembling support portions 126a, 126a, . . . . The
continuous portions between the respective assembling support
portions 126a, 126a, . . . and the respective protrusion portions
125a, 125a, . . . are cut off after the respective constituent
members of the first heat exchanger 114 provided with the second
heat exchanger portion have been joined to each other by brazing.
Thus, the respective assembling support portions 126a, 126a, . . .
are removed from the body portion of each third metal plate
121.
[0131] In addition, inside each third metal plate 121, two inner
fins 128a and 128b different in transverse length from each other
are provided in spaces which exist on the opposite sides of the
partition portion 123, respectively. Each of the inner fins 128a
and 128b is formed in such a manner that a metal plate such as a
stainless steel plate is bent while partially nicked to be thereby
formed into a shape as illustrated in FIG. 16. The shape as
illustrated in FIG. 16 will be described briefly. Each of the inner
fins 128a and 128b has a corrugated shape in the circulating
direction of the mixed fluid (the up/down direction of FIG. 16). In
addition, portions shifted from each other by 1/4 pitch in terms of
the phase of the corrugated shape are arranged alternately in the
transverse direction (left/right direction of FIG. 16), so that a
large number of apertures 129, 129, . . . are formed in a border
portion between portions transversely adjacent to each other. Thus,
the mixed fluid flows while meandering through the respective
apertures 129, 129, . . . .
[0132] In addition, each partition plate 122 described above has a
rectangular shape as a whole, as illustrated in FIG. 17. A
semicircular protrusion portion 130 is formed in a transverse end
portion (the left end portion in FIG. 17) so as to project beyond a
longitudinal end surface (the upper end surface in FIG. 17). A
first through hole 131 which is transversely long is formed in the
other transverse portion (the right half portion in FIG. 17) of one
longitudinal end portion of each partition plate 122. On the other
hand, in the portion close to one transverse end portion (the left
half portion in FIG. 17) likewise, a second through hole 132 which
is substantially semicircular is formed in a position to
substantially match the semicircular protrusion portion 130. In
addition, a third through hole 133 which is transversely long is
formed in the other longitudinal end portion (the lower end portion
in FIG. 17) of each partition plate 122. Further, protrusion
portions 125b and 125b similar to the protrusion portions 125a and
125a in each third metal plate 121 are formed at two positions in
each of the opposite side surfaces in the transverse direction (in
the left/right direction of FIG. 17) of each partition plate 122.
In addition, assembling support portions 126b, 126b, . . . and
through holes 127, 127, . . . are formed in the forward end
portions (the crosshatched portions in FIG. 17) of the respective
protrusion portions 125b, 125b, . . . in the same manner as that in
each third metal plate 121.
[0133] Then, a pair of partition plates 122 and 122 and the third
metal plate 121 are combined to form one heat transfer pipe element
115. In this state, inside the heat transfer pipe element 115
(between the pair of partition plates 122 and 122), an upstream is
provided correspondingly to a portion of the U-shaped channel 124
close to the one end transversely long. Likewise, a downstream
heated channel 135 is provided correspondingly to a portion of the
U-shaped channel 124 close to the other end transversely short.
Likewise, an intermediate heated channel 136 is provided
correspondingly to an intermediate portion of the U-shape channel
124. Thus, the intermediate heated channel 136 connects end
portions of the upstream and downstream heated channels 134 and 135
with each other.
[0134] In addition, a pair of first and second metal plates 116 and
117 are held in opposite end portions by adjacent ones 115 and 115
of the heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . configured thus.
The pair of first and second metal plates 116 and 117 are shaped
similarly to the longitudinally opposite end portions of each
partition plate 122, respectively. Incidentally, FIG. 18 shows a
structure in which connection portions 137 and 137 are provided in
the crosshatched portions between the opposite end surfaces in the
transverse direction (the left/right direction of FIG. 18) of the
pair of first and second metal plates 116 and 117 so that the pair
of first and second metal plates 116 and 117 are connected to each
other through the connection portions 137 and 137. That is, in the
state where the respective constituent members of the first heat
exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger have not yet
been joined to each other by brazing, the pair of first and second
metal plates 116 and 117 are connected to each other through the
connection portions 137 and 137 so as to form one combination
element 138. Then, continuous portions between the respective
connection portions 137 and 137 provided in each combination
element 138, and the end portions of the pair of first and second
metal plates 116 and 117 are cut off after the respective
constituent members of the first heat exchanger 114 provided with
the second heat exchanger have been joined to each other by
brazing. Thus, the pair of first and second metal plates 116 and
117 are separated from each other. In addition, through holes 127
and 127 through which not-shown pipe-like rods can be inserted
freely are formed in the opposite end portions of each of the
connection portions 137 and 137.
[0135] In addition, a fourth through hole 139 is formed in a
transversely one-end-side half portion (the right half portion in
FIG. 18) of one longitudinal end portion (the upper end portion in
FIG. 18) of each combination element 138 correspondingly to the
first metal plate 116 so that the fourth through hole 139 matches
the first through hole 131 provided in each partition plate 122
described above. On the other hand, a fifth through hole 140 is
formed in the other transverse end portion (the left end half
portion in FIG. 18) of the longitudinal end portion of each
combination element 138 correspondingly to the first metal plate
116 so that the fifth through hole 140 matches the second through
hole 132 provided in each partition plate 122 described above. In
addition, a sixth through hole 141 is formed in the other
longitudinal end portion (the lower end portion in FIG. 18) of each
combination element 138 correspondingly to the second metal plate
117 so that the sixth through hole 141 matches the third through
hole 133 provided in each partition plate 122 described above.
Then, the outer fins 118 are disposed inside each combination
element 138 between portions corresponding to the pair of first and
second metal plates 116 and 117. The outer fins 118 are formed by a
corrugated metal plate such as a stainless steel plate as
illustrated in FIG. 19.
[0136] Then, the respective heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, .
. . , the respective of first and second metal plates 116 and 117,
and the respective inner and outer fins 128a, 128b and 118 which
are configured as described above are put on top of one another so
as to form the core portion 119. In addition, a pair of side plates
120a and 120b are super imposed on the opposite ends of the core
portion 119. In this case, the respective first metal plates 116
are disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction of the
respective heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115 . . . while the
respective second metal plates 117 are disposed on the other side.
In addition, each of the side plates 120a and 120b is formed into a
rectangular shape as a whole, as illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21. In
addition, a semicircular protrusion portion 142 is formed to
project in one transverse end portion (the left end portion in
FIGS. 20 and 21) of one longitudinal end surface (the upper end
surface in FIGS. 20 and 21) of each of the side plates 120a and
120b. In addition, of the pair of side plates 120a and 120b, in one
longitudinal end portion of the side plate 120a illustrated in FIG.
20, a fluid inflow port 143 and a fluid outflow port 144 are formed
in positions to match the first and second through holes 131 and
132 provided in each partition plate 122 (or the fourth and fifth
through holes 139 and 140 provided in each first metal plate 116),
respectively. Fluid to be heated is introduced from a fluid inlet
unit 160 fixed to the fluid inflow port 143, and output from a
fluid outlet unit 150 fixed to the fluid outflow port 144. As shown
in FIG. 14, the fluid is introduced in a direction perpendicular to
the fluid flowing direction A and the flowing direction a of the
heating gas. On the other hand, of the pair of side plates 120a and
120b, the side plate 120b illustrated in FIG. 21 is not provided
with such a fluid inflow port and such a fluid outflow port. In
addition, substantially circular assembling support portions 126c
and 126c are formed to project at two positions in each of the
transversely (left/right direction of FIGS. 20 and 21) opposite end
surfaces of the pair of side plates 120a and 120b, which are
crosshatched in FIGS. 20 and 21. In addition, through holes 127,
127, . . . through which not-shown pipe-like rods can be inserted
freely are formed in parts of the respective assembling support
portions 126c, 126c, 126c, . . . .
[0137] Each of the combination elements 138, the third metal plates
121, the partition plates 122 and the side plates 120a and 120b is
formed of a core material which is made of a stainless steel plate
or the like and the opposite surfaces of which have been plated
with a brazing material layer containing a large amount of Ni, or a
stainless steel plate or the like the opposite surfaces of which
have been coated with a paste-like brazing material containing a
large amount of Ni. Alternatively, the respective members 138, 121,
122, 120a and 120b may be simply made of metal plates such as
stainless steel plates, and brazing foil may be put among the
respective members 138, 121, 122, 120a and 120b when the respective
members 138, 121, 122, 120a and 120b are assembled. When the first
heat exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger which is
a fuel battery heat exchanger according to the present invention is
to be produced, the respective combination elements 138, the
respective third metal plates 121, the respective partition plates
122, the pair of side plates 120a and 120b, and the inner and outer
fins 128a, 128b and 118 are assembled in the state where the pair
of side plates 120a and 120b are disposed on the opposite ends of
the first heat exchanger 114 provided with the second heat
exchanger.
[0138] In addition, in the state where the respective members 138,
121, 122, 120a, 120b, 128a, 128b, and 118 have been assembled, the
transversely opposite end portions of each combination element 138,
the respective protrusion portions 125a and 125b provided in each
third metal plate 121 and each partition plate 122, and the
transversely opposite end portions of one-side surfaces of the pair
of side plates 120a and 120b are put on top of one another. In
addition, in this state, the through holes 127, 127, . . . provided
in the connection portions 137 and 137 of the respective
combination elements 138, and the through holes 127, 127, . . .
provided in the assembling support portions 126a to 126c of the
respective third metal plates 121, the respective partition plates
122 and the side plates 120a and 120b are matched with one another.
Then, four pipe-like rods are inserted through the respective
through holes 127, 127, . . . , so as to carry out temporary
assembly. Then, in the state of such temporary assembly, the
respective members 138, 121, 122, 120a, 120b, 128a, 128b and 118
are constrained by jigs and heated in a heating furnace. Thus, the
respective members 138, 121, 122, 120a, 120b, 128a, 128b and 118
are brazed and joined to one another by the above-mentioned brazing
material or the like so as to be brought into the state shown in
FIG. 14.
[0139] After the respective members have been brazed and joined
thus, the respective connection portions 137, 137, . . . provided
in the respective combination elements 138, and the respective
assembling support portions 126a to 126c provided in the respective
third metal plates 121, the respective partition plates 122 and the
side plates 120a and 120b are removed from the body portions of the
respective members, and the pair of first and second metal plates
116 and 117 are separated from each other. Then, a portion between
the pair of first and second metal plates 116 and 117 where the
outer fins 118 exist between adjacent ones 115 and 115 of the heat
transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . is formed as a heating
channel 151 in which heating gas as heating fluid flows.
[0140] In addition, at the same time that the respective
constituent members are brazed and joined thus, end surfaces of a
connection block 145 and a fluid output pipe 146 (FIGS. 12, 13 and
22) are brazed and joined to one longitudinal end portion (the
upper end portion in FIGS. 12, 14 and 20) of the outer surface of
the side plate 120a of the pair of side plates 120a and 120b. Of
them, the connection block 145 has a substantially H-shape in
section so as to form a rectangular through hole 147 in an
intermediate portion of the connection block 145. The through hole
147 penetrates the opposite side surfaces of the connection block
145. Then, the inside of the through hole 147 is made to
communicate with the inside of the fluid inflow port 143 provided
in the side plate 120a. On the other hand, the inside of the fluid
outflow pipe 146 is made to communicate with the inside of the
fluid outflow port 144 provided in the side plate 120a.
[0141] In addition, the inner spaces of the fourth holes 139
provided in the respective first metal plates 116, the upstream end
portions of the respective upstream heated channels 134, and the
inner spaces of the first through holes 131 provided in the
respective partition plates 122, which are opposite to one another
in the state where the respective constituent members have been
assembled as described above, are made to communicate with one
another so as to form an inlet tank portion 148. Then, in this
embodiment, a not-shown fluid supply member for feeding the mixed
fluid into the inside of the core portion 119 is inserted into the
inside of the inlet tank portion 148, the connection block 145 and
the fluid inflow port 143 which is provided in the side plate 120a.
For example, this fluid supply member is constituted by a pair of
metal plates put on top of each other and joined to each other, so
that distribution channels for distributing the mixed fluid while
making the mixed fluid flow therein are formed in side the fluid
supply member. In addition, in the lower portion of the fluid
supply member, through holes for making the inside of the fluid
supply member communicate with the outside are formed in a
plurality of places matching the distribution channels.
[0142] Then, after the respective constituent members of the first
heat exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger
excluding the fluid supply member have been brazed and joined to
one another, a part of the fluid supply member is inserted into the
inside of the inlet tank portion 148, the fluid inflow port 143 and
the connection block 145. At the same time, the outer
circumferential surface of the rest portion of the fluid supply
member which projects beyond the connection block 145 is
liquid-tightly joined to the outer end surface of the connection
block 145, and so on, by welding or the like. In this state, the
lower end portions of the plurality of through holes provided in
the fluid supply member are opened to the upstream portions of the
upstream heated channels 134 provided in the respective heat
transfer pipe elements 115. In addition, an end portion of pipe
arrangement for feeding the mixed fluid into the fluid supply
member is detachably connected to a part of the rest portion of the
fluid supply member which projects beyond the connection block
145.
[0143] On the other hand, the inner spaces of the fifth holes 40
provided in the respective first metal plates 116, the downstream
end portions of the respective downstream heated channels 135, and
the inner spaces of the second through holes 132 provided in the
respective partition plates 122, which are opposite to one another
in the state where the respective constituent members have been
assembled, are made to communicate with one another so as to form
an outlet tank portion 149. Then, the upstream end of the fluid
outflow pipe 146 is made to communicate with this outlet tank
portion 149 (the right end portion in FIG. 14) in the one
longitudinal end portion through the fluid outflow port 144
provided in the side plate 120a. In addition, an end portion of
not-shown pipe arrangement for making the mixed fluid flow out from
the inside of the core portion 119 is detachably connected to an
end portion of the fluid outflow pipe 146. On the other hand, the
inner spaces of the sixth holes 141 provided in the respective
second metal plates 117, the respective intermediate heated
channels 136, and the inner spaces of the third through holes 133
provided in the respective partition plates 122, which are opposite
to one another in the state where the respective constituent
members have been assembled, are made to communicate with one
another so as to form an intermediate tank portion 150.
[0144] Further, in this embodiment, of the upstream and downstream
heated channels 134 and 135, the downstream heated channels 135 in
which the mixed fluid on the downstream side flows are provided on
the upstream side (front side in FIG. 14) of the core portion 119
in terms of the circulating direction of the heating gas (in the
direction of the arrow .alpha. in FIG. 14).
[0145] When the fuel battery heat exchanger configured thus
according to the present invention is used, mixed liquid fluid of
methanol and water is fed into the inside of the fluid supply
member through not-shown pipe arrangement. After the mixed fluid
fed into the inside of the fluid supply member flows through the
distribution channels, the mixed fluid is fed into the inside of
the upstream heated channels 134, which are provided in the
respective heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . , through a
plurality of through holes provided in the lower portion of the
fluid supply member. Then, the mixed fluid flows into the
intermediate tank portion 150 through the respective upstream
heated channels 134 in the direction shown by the arrow A in FIG.
14, while heat exchange is carried out between the mixed fluid and
the high-temperature heating gas flowing in the direction of the
arrow .alpha. in FIG. 14 through the respective heating channels
151 provided between the pair of first and second metal plates 116
and 117. In such a manner, heat exchange is carried out between the
mixed fluid and the high-temperature gas while the mixed fluid is
flowing through the respective upstream heated channels 134. Thus,
the mixed fluid is heated to about 100.degree. C., and evaporated
into gas.
[0146] Then, the mixed gaseous fluid reaching the intermediate tank
portion 150 subsequently flows toward the respective downstream
heated channels 135 through the intermediate tank portion 150 in
the direction shown by the arrow B in FIG. 14. Then, the mixed
fluid flows into the outlet tank portion 149 through the downstream
heated channels 135 in the direction shown by the arrow C in FIG.
14, while heat exchange is carried out. While the mixed fluid is
flowing through the respective downstream heated channels 135 in
such a manner, the mixed fluid is superheated by the heat exchange
so that the temperature of the mixed fluid reaches a predetermined
temperature of about 160.degree. C. Then, after the mixed fluid
supplied to the outlet tank portion 149 flows through the outlet
tank portion 149 in the direction shown by the arrow D in FIG. 14,
the mixed fluid flows out to the outside through the fluid outflow
pipe 146 (FIGS. 12, 13 and 22). The mixed fluid flowing out to the
outside thus is supplied to a not-shown reformer so as to be used
for undergoing a reaction to generate hydrogen gas.
[0147] In the fuel battery heat exchanger according to the present
invention, heat exchange is carried out between the mixed fluid and
the heating gas by the above-mentioned configuration and in the
above-mentioned manner. Thus, the mixed liquid fluid is evaporated,
and further superheated to a predetermined temperature. In this
case, the intermediate heated channels 136 can be formed by parts
of a plurality of heat transfer pipe elements 115, 115, . . . . The
end portions of the upstream and downstream heated channels 134 and
135 for flowing the mixed fluid in directions reverse to each other
are connected with each other through the intermediate heated
channels 136. Thus, according to the present invention, a first
heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger provided separately from
each other do not have to be joined integrally, while the number of
parts of the fuel battery as a whole can be reduced and the circuit
can be simplified. Further, even if parts of the constituent
members of the first heat exchanger 114 provided with the second
heat exchanger are joined to one another by brazing as described in
this embodiment, it is possible to surely prevent secondary melting
from being produced in brazed portions due to the heat of welding.
Thus, the yield can be improved. Therefore, according to the
present invention, it is possible to provide a compact and
inexpensive structure in which mixed liquid fluid is evaporated by
the heating gas, and further superheated to a predetermined
temperature.
[0148] Further, in this embodiment, of the upstream and downstream
heated channels 134 and 135, the downstream heated channels 135 in
which the mixed fluid on the downstream side flows are provided on
the upstream side of the core portion 119 in terms of the
circulating direction .alpha. of the heating gas. Thus, heat
exchange is carried out between the comparatively high-temperature
heating gas and the comparatively high-temperature mixed fluid
while the mixed fluid is flowing through the downstream heated
channels 135. As a result, heat exchange can be carried out between
the heating gas the temperature of which has become relatively low,
and the comparatively low-temperature mixed fluid. Thus, the
evaporated mixed fluid can be superheated to a predetermined
temperature more easily in the lower heated channels 135. Further,
in comparison with the case where heating gas is made to flow in
the direction reverse to the direction of the arrow .alpha. in FIG.
14, the difference in temperature between the opposite sides of
parts of constituent members (partition plates 122) which are
provided for partitioning the upstream and downstream heated
channels 134 and 135 and the respective heating channels 151 can be
reduced. Accordingly, thermal stress generated in such constituent
members is reduced so that the durability of the first heat
exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger can be
ensured satisfactorily.
[0149] Further, according to the fuel battery heat exchanger in
this embodiment, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in
a connection position between an end portion of pipe arrangement
for feeding the mixed fluid to the core portion 119 and an end
portion of pipe arrangement for making the mixed fluid flow out
from the core portion 119. Thus, the space in which the first heat
exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger is disposed
can be utilized effectively. Further, in this embodiment, in the
state where the respective constituent members of the first heat
exchanger 114 provided with the second heat exchanger have not yet
been joined to one another by brazing, the assembling support
portions 126a to 126c and the connection portions 137, 137, . . .
are provided in parts of the constituent members. In addition,
pipe-like rods are inserted into the through holes 127, 127, . . .
provided in the respective portions 126a to 126c and 137, 137 . . .
. Thus, the respective constituent members are assembled
temporarily. As a result, the working of temporary assembling of
the respective constituent members becomes easy. In addition,
before the respective constituent members are joined to one another
by brazing, the pair of first and second metal plates 116 and 117
are connected with each other through the connection portions 137
and 137 so as to form a combination element 138. Thus, it becomes
easy to handle the pair of first and second metal plates 116 and
117. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the working of
assembling the first heat exchanger 114 provided with the second
heat exchanger can be made easy.
[0150] The fuel battery heat exchanger according to the present
invention is configured and operates as described above.
Accordingly, it is possible to provide a compact and inexpensive
structure in which fluid to be heated such as mixed liquid of
methanol and water is evaporated, and further superheated to a
predetermined temperature. This structure is therefore possible to
contribute to high performance and low cost in various machinery
and equipment such as an electric vehicle in which a fuel battery
has been incorporated.
[0151] Third Embodiment
[0152] FIG. 28 shows a fuel battery heat exchanger unit 200
according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0153] The fuel battery heat exchanger unit 200 comprises a heat
exchanger 205, a front duct 230 attached to an end of the heat
exchanger 205, and a rear duct 240 attached to an opposite end of
the heat exchanger 205.
[0154] A heating fluid flows into the fuel battery heat exchanger
unit 200 from the front duct 230 toward the rear duct 240 through
the heat exchanger 205 in straight.
[0155] The heat exchanger 205 includes a housing 210 having an
opening, and a side plate 220 fixed to the opening of the housing
210 to securely cover and seal the opening of the housing 210.
[0156] The side plate 220 has an inlet 221 from which a mixed fluid
of methanol and water that constitute a fluid to be heated is
introduced in the heat exchanger 205. A corner 222 changes the
flowing direction of the mixed fluid to introduce the mixed fluid
into the heat exchanger 205 in a direction perpendicular to the
surface of the side plate 220. That is, different from the fuel
battery heat exchanger as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the mixed fluid
is introduced in a direction perpendicular to the flowing direction
of the heating fluid. The mixed fluid may be introduced into the
heat exchanger 205 directly in the direction perpendicular to the
flowing direction of the heating fluid, without the corner 222. The
introduction in the direction perpendicular to the flowing
direction of the heating fluid greatly increases the design freedom
of the fuel battery heat exchanger unit or arrangement with the
other components. In the second embodiment, the inlet may be
disposed to introduce the fluid to be heated in the direction
perpendicular to the flowing direction of the heating fluid.
[0157] The side plate 220 also has an outlet 225 next to the inlet
221. The mixed fluid is heated in the heat exchanger 205 and
discharged from the outlet 225.
[0158] FIG. 29 shows a plurality of tube sheets 260 and a plurality
of outer fins 270, both accommodated in the housing 210 of the core
potion 205. Each of the plurality of tube sheets 260 has an
inlet-side tank forming hole 261 and an outlet-side tank forming
hole 262, both defined in the vicinity of one side of the tube
sheet. The inlet-side tank forming hole 261 elongates along with
the one side of the tube sheet 260.
[0159] The plurality of outer fins 270 are arranged in parallel
with the tube sheets 260, each of which is sandwiched between and
fixed to the adjacent tube sheets 260 by blazing. The adjacent tube
sheets 260 are also fixed to each other by blazing.
[0160] FIGS. 30A and 30B are views showing each of the sheet tubes
260. FIG. 31 shows a sectional view as seen from the A-A line of
FIG. 30B. Each of the sheet tubes 260 includes a first tube sheet
260a, a second tube sheet 260b, which are laminated with each other
with the peripheral portion of the second sheet 260b caulked and
fixed to the first tube sheet 260a. The first tube sheet 260a has a
dividing recess 264 projecting toward the second tube sheet 260b.
The first tube sheet 260a and the second tube sheet 260b form an
inner space therebetween, and the dividing recess 264 divides the
inner space into a first heating passage and a second heating
passage, both of which are communicated with each other at the
lower end of the inner space. The first heating passage
accommodates a first inner fin 280a, and the second heating passage
accommodates a second inner fin 280b.
[0161] The inlet-side tank forming hole 261 and the outlet-side
tank forming hole 262 of each of the tube sheets 260 communicate
with the inner space where the inner fins 280a and 280b are
disposed The mixed fluid introduced from the inlet 221 flows into
the first heating passage through the inlet-side tank forming hole
261. Then, the mixed fluid flows to the second heating passage, and
finally discharged from the outlet 225 through the outlet-side tank
forming hole 262.
[0162] The outer fin 270 is disposed on an outer surface 271 of the
first sheet tube 260a. Accordingly, they are arranged in the
described order of the outer fin 270, the first sheet tube 260a,
the inner fin 280a, and the second sheet tube 260b. The inner space
where the inner fin 280a is accommodated is sealed from the outer
space where the outer fin 270 is disposed to prevent the fluids
flowing in the inner and outer space from leaking to each
other.
[0163] The plurality of tube sheets 260 and outer fins are
alternately connected by blazing to form a stacked core. The
stacked core is fixed by blazing to the side plate 220 and another
side plate not shown, at both ends. The side plate contributes to
preventing the stacked core from deforming.
[0164] The plurality of tube sheets 260 and outer fins 270 are
disposed in the housing 210 in parallel to the surface of the side
plate 220. That is, both elements 260 and 270 are disposed in
parallel to the flowing direction of the heating fluid.
Accordingly, the first and second heating passages are defined
perpendicular to the flowing direction of the heating fluid.
Therefore, all of the flowing direction of the mixed fluid, the
flowing direction of the heating fluid, and the introducing
direction of the mixed fluid into the heat exchanger are different
from each other.
[0165] The heating fluid flows through the outer fins 270 each
between the adjacent tube sheets 260, and transfers heat to the
outer fins 270. The heat transferred to the outer fins 270 heats
the tube sheets 260, and then transferred to the inner fins 280a
and 280b. The heated inner fins 280a and 280b heat the mixed fluid
flowing in the first heating passage and second heating
passage.
[0166] In addition, the tube sheets 260 and the outer fins 270 are
disposed in the housing 210 so that the inlet-side tank forming
hole 261 and the outlet-side tank forming hole 262 of each tube
sheet 260 are positioned correspondingly with respect to the inlet
221 and the outlet 225 of the side plate 220, respectively.
[0167] The plurality of tube sheets 260 stacked with each other
stacks and connects the outlet-side tank forming holes 262 and the
inlet-side tank forming holes 261 respectively. The outlet-side
tank forming holes 262 stacked and connected defines an outlet tank
portion, and the inlet side tank forming holes 261 stacked and
connected defines an inlet tank portion.
[0168] In total, the fuel battery heat exchanger unit 200 according
to the third embodiment has almost the same structure as that of
the second embodiment, except for the positions of the inlet 221
and outlet 225.
[0169] As shown in FIG. 5, a fuel supply unit including a
distribution plate having a plurality of holes for passing the
mixed fluid may be disposed in the inlet tank portion. In such a
case, the distribution plate may have the structure shown in FIGS.
6A to 11B. The fuel supply unit including the distribution plate
functions as mentioned in the first embodiment. The fuel supply
unit can be inserted into the inlet tank portion before the inlet
members such as the inlet 221 and corner 22 are assembled to the
side plate 220.
[0170] As well as the second embodiment, the inner fins 280a and
280b may be formed as shown in FIG. 16 and the outer fins 270 may
be formed as shown in FIG. 19.
[0171] FIG. 32 shows an inner fin 300 which may be applied as the
outer fin 280a in FIG. 19. The inner fin 300 is disposed in the
housing in such a manner that the mixed fluid to be heated falling
from the above inlet tank space faces to each fin 305. The fins 305
prevent the mixed fluid from flowing straightly. Each fin 305 has a
plurality of small holes 310 through which a small amount of the
mixed fluid flows. Accordingly, the mixed fluid is likely to expand
to the width direction of the inner fin 300, rather than to
straightly fall down to the bottom. Suppose that the mixed fluid
usually flows along with a pass connecting between the inner tank
space and the bottom of the tube sheet 260, or the bottom of the
tube sheet 260 and the outer tank space. However, each fin 305
disturbs the mixed fluid to flow straight. Namely, the inner fin
300 increases the flowing resistance of the mixed fluid in the
usual flowing direction of the mixed fluid to be heated, which is
larger than the flowing resistance of the mixed fluid that flows in
the width direction. Such an inner fin 300 improves to uniformly
expand the mixed fluid to be heated in the whole first and second
heating passages. The inner fin 300 can also be applied in the
second embodiment.
[0172] The mixed fluid introduced into the inner fin 280 is usually
in the form of liquid. Such an inner fin 300 used as the inner fin
280a, which disturbs the flow of the liquid effectively changes the
liquid into gas.
[0173] In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 29, the lower
portion of the first and second passages of one of the tube sheet
is not connected to that of the adjacent tube sheets. However,
these portions may be communicated with each other through
communication passages.
* * * * *