U.S. patent application number 10/295203 was filed with the patent office on 2003-09-11 for recording and playback apparatus and optical head.
Invention is credited to Kimura, Motoi, Mizuma, Hiroaki, Nishi, Noriaki, Nishino, Masatoshi, Yamamoto, Kenji.
Application Number | 20030169667 10/295203 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 19165405 |
Filed Date | 2003-09-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030169667 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Nishi, Noriaki ; et
al. |
September 11, 2003 |
Recording and playback apparatus and optical head
Abstract
The light intensity of a light beam emitted from a light source
is appropriately controlled when the light beam is transmitted
through a variable optical coupling efficiency device in an optical
head. During a read mode, the light beam from the light source is
incident on an optical disk at an intensity relatively weaker than
that of the light source. By switching the optical coupling
efficiency of the variable optical coupling efficiency device
between a write mode and a read mode, the light intensity directed
to an optical recording medium is substantially varied from the
write mode to the read mode. This arrangement eliminates the need
for substantially increasing the optical output power ratio of the
light source of write power to read power.
Inventors: |
Nishi, Noriaki; (Tokyo,
JP) ; Mizuma, Hiroaki; (Tokyo, JP) ; Kimura,
Motoi; (Kanagawa, JP) ; Yamamoto, Kenji;
(Kanagawa, JP) ; Nishino, Masatoshi; (Tokyo,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
William S. Frommer
FROMMER LAWRENCE & HAUG LLP
745 Fifth Avenue
New York
NY
10151
US
|
Family ID: |
19165405 |
Appl. No.: |
10/295203 |
Filed: |
November 15, 2002 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
369/112.02 ;
G9B/7.102; G9B/7.105; G9B/7.113; G9B/7.119 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 7/1263 20130101;
G11B 7/1356 20130101; G11B 7/128 20130101; G11B 7/1369 20130101;
G11B 7/1381 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/112.02 |
International
Class: |
G11B 007/135 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 19, 2001 |
JP |
2001-353382 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A recording and playback apparatus comprising: a rotary drive
which supports and rotates an optical recording medium, an optical
head which directs a light beam to the optical recording medium
rotated by the rotary driver through light condenser means and
detects light reflected from the optical recording medium through
the light condenser means using light detector means, and actuator
means for moving the optical head, wherein the optical head
comprises: a light source which emits the light beam, the light
condenser means which feeds the light beam emitted from the light
source to the optical recording medium, light splitter means which
splits light into the light beam emitted from the light source and
the light beam reflected from the optical recording medium, the
light detector means which detects the light beam reflected from
the optical recording medium and split by the light splitter means,
and variable optical coupling efficiency means which is disposed
between the light source and the light splitter means and varies
the optical coupling efficiency thereof, which is a ratio of the
amount of light condensed on the optical recording medium to the
total amount of light of the light beam emitted from the light
source.
2. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 1, further
comprising control means which controls the switching of optical
coupling efficiency of the variable optical coupling efficiency
means in response to switching between a write mode and a read mode
to the optical recording medium.
3. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the control means controls the switching of the optical coupling
efficiency so that the relationship of CEW>CER holds where CEW
represents the optical coupling efficiency during the write mode
and CER represents the optical coupling efficiency during the read
mode.
4. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means is optical path
branching means which branches a light beam into at least two
optical paths, and varies the optical coupling efficiency by
changing the branching ratio of the two optical paths.
5. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
wavelength plate, a rotation unit for rotating the wavelength
plate, and a beam splitter layer.
6. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
liquid-crystal device and a beam splitter layer.
7. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
liquid-crystal device which has a region where phase difference is
variably controlled in a diffraction grating configuration.
8. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
diffraction grating and a displacement unit for displacing the
diffraction grating.
9. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the variable optical coupling efficiency means varies the optical
coupling efficiency thereof by varying one of the transmittance and
reflectance thereof to the light beam.
10. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
filter for lowering the transmittance thereof to the light beam,
and a displacement unit for displacing the filter.
11. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the variable optical coupling efficiency means comprises a
liquid-crystal device that varies the transmittance thereof to the
light beam.
12. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 2,
wherein the control means varies the optical coupling efficiency of
the variable optical coupling efficiency means prior to the change
of mode if the read mode is switched to the write mode, and the
control means varies the optical efficiency of the variable optical
coupling efficiency means subsequent to the change of mode if the
write mode is switched to the read mode.
13. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 3,
wherein the control means controls the variable optical coupling
efficiency means so that the relationship of TWR.ltoreq.TRW holds
where TWR represents a first response time which the variable
optical coupling efficiency means takes to transition to an optical
coupling efficiency of CER from an optical coupling efficiency of
CEW and TRW represents a second response time which the variable
optical coupling efficiency means takes to transition to an optical
coupling efficiency of CEW from an optical coupling efficiency of
CER.
14. A recording and playback apparatus according to claim 13,
further comprising light beam control means which switches the
output power of the light beam emitted from the light source to
write power PW during the write mode and switches the output power
of the light beam emitted from the light source to read power PR
lower in level than the write power PW during the read mode,
wherein the light beam control means switches the output power of
the light beam from the write power PW to the read power PR within
the first response time TWR, and switches the output power of the
light beam from the read power PR to the write power PW at the
moment the second response time TRW elapses.
15. An optical head comprising: a light source which emits a light
beam, light condenser means which feeds the light beam emitted from
the light source to an optical recording medium, light splitter
means which splits light into the light beam emitted from the light
source and the light beam reflected from the optical recording
medium, light detector means which detects the light beam reflected
from the optical recording medium and split by the light splitter
means, and variable optical coupling efficiency means which is
disposed between the light source and the light splitter means and
varies the optical coupling efficiency thereof, which is a ratio of
the amount of light condensed on the optical recording medium to
the total amount of light of the light beam emitted from the light
source.
16. An optical head according to claim 15, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means is optical path branching means
which branches a light beam into at least two optical paths, and
varies the optical coupling efficiency by changing the branching
ratio of the two optical paths.
17. An optical head according to claim 16, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means comprises a wavelength plate, a
rotation unit for rotating the wavelength plate, and a beam
splitter layer.
18. An optical head according to claim 16, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means comprises a liquid-crystal device
and a beam splitter layer.
19. An optical head according to claim 16, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means comprises a liquid-crystal device
which has a region where phase difference is variably controlled in
a diffraction grating configuration.
20. An optical head according to claim 16, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means comprises a diffraction grating
and a displacement unit for displacing the diffraction grating.
21. An optical head according to claim 15, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means varies the optical coupling
efficiency thereof by varying one of the transmittance and
reflectance thereof to the light beam.
22. An optical head according to claim 21, wherein the variable
optical coupling efficiency means comprises a filter for lowering
the transmittance thereof to the light beam, and a displacement
unit for displacing the filter.
23. An optical head according to claim 21, where the variable
optical efficiency means coprises a liquid-crystal device that
varies the transmittance thereof to the light beam.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a recording and playback
apparatus for recording and playing back a variety of pieces of
information to and from an optical recording medium, and an optical
head for use in an optical apparatus such as the recording and
playback apparatus, and a variable optical coupling efficiency
device for use in the optical head.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Optical recording media such as an optical disk have
ruggedness (pits) representing signal information. Some recording
media are used as playback purposes only. Some permit recording and
playback operations using phase variation along a groove structure
or using magneto-optical recording.
[0005] The optical head of a recording and playback apparatus such
as an optical disk device which employs a write and read optical
disk typically uses a semiconductor laser. The semiconductor laser
light source typically gives a relatively high maximum optical
output power to satisfy the following requirements.
[0006] (1) The semiconductor laser has difficulty in outputting a
stable oscillation in a low output power level thereof, and laser
noise becomes large in magnitude. To assure a required CNR (Carrier
to Noise Ratio) during playback time, the output power of the laser
must be set to be higher than a predetermined level. An laser
output power of 2 to 5 mW is typically required.
[0007] (2) A writable optical recording medium performs a recording
operation taking advantage of a rise in temperature of a recording
layer due to an optical spot on the medium in which a light beam is
focused. The recording power must be set to within a range that
prevents the recording layer from being damaged by laser power
during a playback operation while performing stable recording
during a recording operation.
[0008] To satisfy these requirements, a difference in power must be
permitted between during the playback operation and during the
recording operation. A ratio of the maximum recording power/maximum
playback power typically falls within a range of 5 to 20.
[0009] To perform recording at a speed higher than standard speed,
a larger output power ratio is needed.
[0010] The maximum power rating of a light source of a write and
read optical head is usually 20 to 50 mW to satisfy the above two
requirements. A CD-R/RW that operates eight times as high as the
standard speed has an output power of 100 mW.
[0011] A light source having a large optical output power is not
only impracticable but also consumes much power.
[0012] If the maximum optical power rating is set to be low, no
satisfactory playback characteristics are obtained because of a
high noise level during the replay time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
provide an optical head, a recording and playback apparatus, and a
variable optical coupling efficiency device in which a low laser
noise level is achieved during a playback mode even if an output
power ratio of write to read power in a light source is small, and
excellent recording and playback characteristics are achieved even
if a light source easy to manufacture or having a low optical
output power rating is used.
[0014] An optical head of the present invention in one aspect
includes a light source which emits a light beam, a light condenser
which feeds the light beam from the light source to an optical
recording medium, a light splitter which splits light into the
light beam emitted from the light source and the light beam
reflected from the optical recording medium, a light detector which
detects the light beam reflected from the optical recording medium
and split by the light splitter, and a variable optical coupling
efficiency device which is disposed between the light source and
the light splitter and varies the optical coupling efficiency
thereof, which is a ratio of the amount of light condensed on the
optical recording medium to the total amount of light of the light
beam emitted from the light source.
[0015] A recording and playback apparatus of the present invention
in another aspect includes a rotary drive which supports and
rotates an optical recording medium, an optical head which directs
a light beam to the optical recording medium rotated by the rotary
driver through light condenser and detects light reflected from the
optical recording medium through the light condenser using a light
detector, and an actuator for moving the optical head. The optical
head includes a light source which emits the light beam, the light
condenser which feeds the light beam from the light source to the
optical recording medium, a light splitter which splits light into
the light beam emitted from the light source and the light beam
reflected from the optical recording medium, the light detector
which detects the light beam reflected from the optical recording
medium and split by the light splitter, and a variable optical
coupling efficiency device which is disposed between the light
source and the light splitter and varies the optical coupling
efficiency thereof, which is a ratio of the amount of light
condensed on the optical recording medium to the total amount of
light of the light beam emitted from the light source.
[0016] In the apparatus of the present invention that records and
plays back a signal to and from the optical recording medium, the
variable optical coupling efficiency device is disposed between the
optical recording medium and the light source, and varies the
optical coupling efficiency thereof, which is the ratio of the
amount of light condensed on the optical recording medium to the
total amount of light of the light beam emitted from the light
source.
[0017] In the optical head of the present invention, the variable
optical coupling efficiency device is disposed between the light
source and the light splitter and varies the optical coupling
efficiency thereof, which is the ratio of the amount of light
condensed on the optical recording medium to the total amount of
light of the light beam emitted from the light source.
[0018] By switching the optical coupling efficiency of the variable
optical coupling efficiency device between a write mode and a read
mode, the light intensity directed to an optical recording medium
is thus substantially varied from the write mode to the read mode.
This arrangement eliminates the need for substantially increasing
the optical output power ratio of write power to read power on the
light source.
[0019] Even if a light source easy to manufacture or having a low
optical output power rating is used, an optical beam at an
appropriate intensity level is directed to the optical recording
medium for recording or playback during a write mode or a read
mode, and excellent recording and playback characteristics are
achieved.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the construction of
an optical disk recording and playback apparatus incorporating an
variable optical coupling efficiency device and an optical head in
accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates an optical system of the optical head in
the recording and playback apparatus of FIG. 1;
[0022] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a first arrangement of the
variable optical coupling efficiency device in the optical head of
FIG. 2;
[0023] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrates a first modification of the
first arrangement of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device in the optical head of FIG. 2;
[0024] FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C illustrate a second arrangement of the
variable optical coupling efficiency device of in the optical head
FIG. 2;
[0025] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a first modification of the
second arrangement of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device in the optical head of FIG. 2;
[0026] FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate the construction of a liquid-crystal
device working as the variable optical coupling efficiency device
shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B and the effect thereof;
[0027] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a second modification of the
second arrangement of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device in the optical head of FIG. 2;
[0028] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a third modification of the
second arrangement of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device in the optical head of FIG. 2;
[0029] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a part of a
recording and playback system of the recording and playback
apparatus of FIG. 1;
[0030] FIGS. 11A-11C are timing diagrams illustrating states of
laser light in the recording and playback apparatus shown in FIG. 1
when the apparatus switches between a recording mode and a playback
mode;
[0031] FIG. 12 illustrates a change in transmittance ratio of a
wavelength-plate type liquid-crystal device with respect to a
response as a variable optical coupling efficiency device in
accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
and
[0032] FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate a change in transmittance ratio
of a wavelength-plate type liquid-crystal device with respect to
time as a variable optical coupling efficiency device in accordance
with a second embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0033] The embodiments of an optical head, recording and playback
apparatus, and variable optical coupling efficiency device of the
present invention will now be discussed below with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
[0034] Since the following embodiments are only preferred examples
of the present invention, the embodiments are subject to technical
limitations. The present invention is not limited to these
embodiments unless otherwise particularly noted.
[0035] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical disk recording and
playback apparatus 101 incorporating a variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 and an optical head 104 in accordance with a
first embodiment of the present invention. The optical disk
recording and playback apparatus 101 shown in FIG. 1 is one example
of the recording and playback apparatus that incorporates the
variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 and the optical disk
104 to be discussed below.
[0036] As shown, the recording and playback apparatus 101 includes
a spindle motor 103 working as a rotary drive for rotating an
optical disk 102, an optical head 104, and an actuator motor 105
working as an actuator of the optical head 104.
[0037] The spindle motor 103 is controlled by a system controller
107 and a servo controller 109, and is thus rotated at a
predetermined rpm.
[0038] The optical disk 102 may be a recording and playback disk
using an optically modulated record signal, such as a "CD-R/RW"
disk, "DVD-RAM" disk, "DVD-R/RW" disk, "DVD+RW"disk,
electro-magnetic recording medium such as "GIGAMO", "iD", or a
high-density optical disk such as "DVR-BLUE"having a wavelength of
approximately 405 nm and currently under development. The optical
disk 102 may be a read-only pit disk.
[0039] A modulator/demodulator and ECC (Error Correction Code)
block 108 modulates or demodulates a signal and adds an ECC to the
signal. The optical head 104 directs a light beam on a signal
recording surface of the rotating optical disk 102 in response to a
command from the modulator/demodulator and ECC block 108. The light
beam writes information to or read information from the optical
disk 102.
[0040] The optical head 104 detects various beams in a light flux
reflected from the signal recording surface of the optical disk
102, and supplies a preamplifier 120 with a signals corresponding
to the light beams.
[0041] The preamplifier 120 generates a focus error signal, a
tracking error signal, and an RF signal in response to the signals
corresponding to the light beams. Depending on the type of a
recording medium to be played back, the servo controller 109 and
the modulator/demodulator and ECC block 108 perform respective
processes including demodulation and error correction based on
these signals.
[0042] The demodulated record signal is sent to an external
computer 130 through an interface 111 if the record signal is
intended for storage in the computer. The external computer 130
receives the record signal stored in the optical disk 102 as a
playback signal.
[0043] For audio-visual applications, the record signal is
digital-to-analog converted by a D/A converter portion of a D/A and
A/D converter block 112 and is then fed to an audio-visual
processor 113. The analog signal is then processed by the
audio-visual processor 113 and is then sent to an external imaging
and video apparatuses through an audio-visual signal input/output
unit 114.
[0044] The actuator motor 105 is connected to the optical head 104.
The actuator motor 105 moves the optical head 104 to a desired
recording track on the optical disk 102. The servo controller 109
controls the spindle motor 103, the actuator motor 105, and a
two-axis actuator holding and moving an objective lens of the
optical head 104 in a focusing direction and a tracking
direction.
[0045] The servo controller 109 controls the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 in the optical head 104 of the present
invention, thereby varying the optical coupling efficiency of the
optical head 104 between during a write (recording) mode and during
a read (playback) mode. The optical coupling efficiency refers to a
ratio of the amount of light condensed on the optical disk 102 to
the total amount of light of the light beam emitted from the laser
light source.
[0046] The laser controller 121 controls a laser light source 2 in
the optical head 104. In this embodiment, the laser controller 121
controls the output power of the laser light source 2 during the
write mode and the read mode.
[0047] FIG. 2 illustrates the optical system of the optical head
104 in the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] As shown, the optical head 104 includes the light source 2,
variable optical coupling efficiency device (variable optical
coupling efficiency means) 3, beam splitter (beam splitter means)
4, objective lens (light condenser means) 5, and photosensor (light
detector means) 6. These optical components are assembled
together.
[0049] In the optical head 104, a light beam emitted from the light
source 2 is incident on the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3, and the light beam transmitted through the variable
optical coupling efficiency device 3 enters the beam splitter
4.
[0050] The light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 4 is
condensed on a signal recording layer of the optical disk 102
through the objective lens 5.
[0051] The light flux reflected from the recording layer of the
optical disk 102 is split from the light beam emitted from the
light source 2 and is then input to the photosensor 6. The RF
signal, focus error signal, and tracking error signal are picked up
from the signal received by the photosensor 6.
[0052] The variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 in the
optical head 104 appropriately varies the intensity of the light
beam when the light beam emitted from the light source 2 is
transmitted through the variable optical coupling efficiency device
3. During a read mode, the light beam is incident on the optical
disk 102 at an intensity weaker than the intensity of the light
beam at the light source 2.
[0053] Let CEW (Coupling Efficiency-Write) represent the optical
coupling efficiency of the light beam which is emitted from the
light source 2 and is incident on the optical disk 102 during the
write mode, and let CER (Coupling Efficiency-Read) represent the
coupling efficiency of the light beam which is emitted from the
light source 2 and is incident on the optical disk 102 during the
read mode, and the following relationship holds:
CEW>CER
[0054] By switching the optical coupling efficiency of the variable
optical coupling efficiency device 3 from the write mode to the
read mode, the light intensity level at the optical recording
medium is substantially varied from the write mode to the read
mode. This arrangement eliminates the need for greatly varying the
output power of the light source 2 between the write mode and the
read mode. Recording and playback operations are thus carried out
by irradiating the signal recording layer of the optical disk 102
with the light beam at an appropriate level during each of the
write mode and the read mode. Optimum recording and playback
characteristics are thus obtained.
[0055] The operation of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 of the first embodiment will now be discussed in
detail.
[0056] Let CEO represent the optical coupling efficiency of the
optical disk 102 without using the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3, TW represent the transmission ratio of the
variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 to the transmitted
light during the write mode, and TR represent the transmission
ratio of the variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 to the
transmitted light during the read mode, and the following equations
hold:
[0057] Optical coupling efficiency during the write mode
CEW=CEO.times.TW
[0058] Optical coupling efficiency during the read mode
CER=CEO.times.TR
[0059] Let PW represent the required amount of light on the signal
recording surface during the write mode, PR represent the required
amount of light on the signal recording surface during the read
mode, and the required outputs LDW (for recording) and LDR (for
playback) of the light source 2 are expressed as follows:
[0060] Output power for recording LDW=PW/CEW=PW/(CEO.times.TW)
[0061] Output power for playback LDR=PR/CER=PR/(CEO.times.TR)
[0062] The required dynamic range LDW/LDR of the output power of
the light source 2 is
LDW/LDR=(PW/PR).times.(TR/TW)
[0063] (TR=TW if no variable optical coupling efficiency device 3
is used.)
[0064] The required dynamic range of the light source 2 is varied
within a range of the coupling ratio of the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 to the transmitted light.
[0065] The operation of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 is discussed below using specific numeric values.
[0066] A semiconductor laser is used as the light source. It is
assumed that the optical output power resulting in a stable laser
oscillation with low laser noise is 4 mW, and that the maximum
optical output power is 30 mW.
[0067] It is also assumed that the required optical power PW and PR
at the signal recording surface for the optical disk 102 are 10 mW
(PW) and 1 mW (PR).
[0068] The dynamic ranges of the optical output power in the first
embodiment but without the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 are as follows:
[0069] The dynamic range of the optical output power of the light
source 2=30 mW/4 mW=7.5
[0070] The required dynamic range of the optical output power
=LDW/LDR=PW/PR=10 mW/1 mW=10
[0071] This light source fails to result in satisfactory recording
and playback characteristics.
[0072] The dynamic ranges of the optical output power in the first
embodiment with the variable optical coupling efficiency device 3
employed are as below.
[0073] It is assumed that the transmission ratios of the variable
optical coupling efficiency device 3 to the transmitted light are
TW=100% and TR=50%. 1 The required dynamic range of the optical
output power = LDW / LDR = ( PW / PR ) .times. ( TR / TW ) = ( 10
mW / 1 mW ) .times. ( 50 % / 100 % ) = 5
[0074] The required dynamic range is below the dynamic range of the
light source 2, and this setting is achievable.
[0075] By setting CEO=40% in the optical system in design, optical
coupling efficiency during the write mode
CEW=CEO.times.TW=40%
[0076] and, optical coupling efficiency during the read mode
CER=CEO.times.TR=20%
[0077] The required optical output power of the light source 2
during the signal recording mode LDW is
LDW=PW/CEW=10 mW/40% =25 mW
[0078] The required optical output power of the light source 2
during the signal playback mode LDR is
LDR=PR/CER =1 mW/20% =5 mW
[0079] With the optical output power of 25 mW below the maximum
optical output power of 30 mW with a sufficient margin, the
recording operation is performed. The optical output power of 5 mW,
sufficiently higher than the optical output power of 4 mW that
results in sufficiently low laser noise, permits a excellent
playback operation.
[0080] The manufacturing of the light source 2 is thus easy.
Without the need for a special light source, an optical head and a
recording and playback apparatus with satisfactory characteristics
are obtained.
[0081] The arrangements of the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 are discussed below. First Arrangement
[0082] A first arrangement of the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 in accordance with the first embodiment uses
means that varies the transmittance ratio or the reflectance ratio
to the light beam. The optical coupling efficiency is varied when
the means varies the transmittance ratio or the reflectance ratio
thereof to the light beam. Second Arrangement
[0083] A second arrangement of the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 in accordance with the first embodiment uses
optical path branching means that branches the light beam into at
least two optical paths. The optical coupling efficiency is varied
when the optical path branching means branches the light beam into
at least two optical paths.
[0084] The arrangements are discussed.
[0085] FIG. 3 illustrates the first arrangement. A
transmissive-type liquid-crystal device 21 is used as used as the
means for varying the transmittance ratio to the light beam.
[0086] The liquid-crystal device 21 varies the transmittance ratio
thereof to the light beam by changing an applied voltage. The
applied voltage, when being varied, drives the liquid crystal of
the liquid-crystal device 21, thereby controlling the transmittance
ratio thereof. The liquid-crystal device 21 is controlled by a
liquid-crystal driver circuit arranged in the servo controller
109.
[0087] FIG. 4 illustrates a first modification of the first
arrangement. A filter plate 22 is used as the means for varying the
transmittance ratio to the light beam.
[0088] The filter plate 22 has a translucent filter 22B on a
portion of a slidably movable transparent plate 22A.
[0089] The filter 22B is moved in position in the optical path of
the laser light beam, thereby varying the transmittance ratio.
[0090] Referring to FIG. 4B, the filter 22B, arranged in the
optical path of the laser light beam, reduces the amount of light
transmitted therethrough, thereby lowering the optical coupling
efficiency. Referring to FIG. 4A, a portion of the transparent
plate 22A other than the filter 22B is arranged in the optical path
of the laser light beam so that the whole laser light beam is
transmitted therethrough. The amount of light transmitted is
increased, and the optical coupling efficiency rises.
[0091] The filter plate 22 may be supported by a piezoelectric
element, which is controlled by a driver circuit arranged in the
servo controller 109. The position of the filter plate 22 is thus
controlled. Alternatively, the filter plate 22 may be supported by
a mechanism including a feed screw and a motor. The position of the
filter plate 22 is thus controlled by causing a driver circuit
arranged in the servo controller 109 to control the motor.
[0092] The first arrangement is of a transmissive type.
Alternatively, a reflective element may be arranged in the optical
path of the laser light beam. The reflectance ratio thereof may be
modified.
[0093] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate the second arrangement. A
wavelength plate 31 and a beam splitter 32 are arranged as the
optical path branching means which branches the light beam. By
rotating the wavelength plate 31 about the optical axis, the beam
splitter layer of the beam splitter 32 branches the light beam.
[0094] If the optical axis direction of the wavelength plate 31 is
aligned with the polarization direction of the incident light as
shown in FIG. 5A, the incident light beam is entirely transmitted
through the beam splitter 32 to the optical disk 102 rather than
being reflected from the beam splitter 32.
[0095] If the optical axis direction of the wavelength plate 31 is
rotated by a constant angle of .alpha. from the polarization
direction of the incident light as shown in FIG. 5B, a portion of
the incident light is reflected from the beam splitter 32 while the
rest of the incident light is transmitted toward the optical disk
102.
[0096] If the beam splitter layer is a full PS splitter layer
(Tp=100% and Rs=100%), and if the wavelength plate is a half wave
length plate, the relationship between the angle of rotation
.alpha. and the ratio of transmitted light T becomes as discussed
below.
[0097] The angle of rotation .alpha.causes the polarization
direction to rotate by 2.alpha.. The ratio of the P-polarized light
incident on the beam splitter (the transmission ratio T of the
transmitted light) is
T=cos.sup.2 2.alpha.=(1+cos 4.alpha.)/2
[0098] The ratio of the P-polarized light is plotted as in FIG.
5C.
[0099] If an optical coupling efficiency within a range of 50% to
100% is desired, .alpha.=0 degree to 22.5 degrees. In this way, the
polarization direction varies to 45 degrees. The ratio of
transmitted light is thus controlled to 100% or 50%.
[0100] FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a first modification of the
second arrangement. A liquid-crystal device 33 and a beam splitter
34 are arranged as the optical path branching means for branching
the optical path. With the liquid-crystal device 33 working as a
wavelength plate, a beam splitter layer 34A of the beam splitter 34
branches the light beam.
[0101] Referring to FIG. 6A, the liquid-crystal device 33 with the
rubbing direction thereof set at 22.5 degrees is used.
[0102] The polarization direction of the light beam incident on the
beam splitter 34 is varied by 45 degrees by varying a phase
difference of the liquid-crystal device 33 within a range of from
N.lambda. to (N+0.5) .lambda. or a range of from N.lambda. to
(N-0.5) .lambda.. Here, N represents an integer, and .lambda.
represents the wavelength of the light beam. The transmission ratio
of the transmitted light is thus varied within a range of from 50%
to 100%.
[0103] Referring to FIG. 6B, the liquid-crystal device 33 with the
rubbing direction thereof set at 45 degrees is used. The light
incident on the beam splitter 34 is changed from P-polarized light
to circularly polarized light by varying the phase difference of
the liquid-crystal device 33 within a range of from N.lambda. to
(N+0.25) .lambda. or a range of from N.lambda. to (N-0.25)
.lambda.. Here, N represents an integer, and .lambda. represents
the wavelength of the light beam. The transmission ratio of the
transmitted light is thus varied within a range of from 50% to
100%.
[0104] The principle of generating the phase difference using the
liquid-crystal device is briefly discussed below.
[0105] FIGS. 7A and 7B are sectional views of the liquid-crystal
device. FIG. 7C is a plot of a change in refractive index of the
liquid-crystal device versus a voltage applied to the
liquid-crystal device. FIG. 7D is a plot of a change in phase
difference versus the applied voltage in the liquid-crystal
device.
[0106] Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the liquid-crystal device 40
includes liquid-crystal molecules 49 between a pair of glass
substrates 41 and 42. Alignment layers 43 and 44, arranged
respectively on the inner surfaces of the glass substrates 41 and
42, align the liquid-crystal molecules 49.
[0107] Transparent electrodes 45 are interposed between the glass
substrate 41 and the alignment layer 43, and transparent electrodes
46 are interposed between the glass substrate 42 and the alignment
layer 44.
[0108] When a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes
45 and the transparent electrodes 46, the liquid-crystal device 40
shifts from the state in which the liquid-crystal molecules 49 are
aligned to be parallel with the alignment layers 43 and 44 and
along the rubbing direction (as represented by an arrow A) as shown
in FIG. 7A to the state in which the liquid-crystal molecules 49
are aligned to be perpendicular to the alignment layers 43 and 44
as shown in FIG. 7B.
[0109] Let N1 represent the refractive index of the liquid-crystal
molecules 49 in a direction parallel with the alignment layers 43
and 44 and along the rubbing direction, and N2 represent the
refractive index of the liquid-crystal molecules 49 in a direction
perpendicular to the rubbing direction. In response to a shift of
the liquid-crystal molecules 49 due to a change in the applied
voltage, the refractive index N2 along the rubbing direction varies
as plotted in FIG. 7C. The refractive index N2 in a direction
perpendicular to the rubbing direction remains unchanged.
[0110] The phase difference caused in the incident light along the
rubbing direction varies as plotted in FIG. 7D.
[0111] This principle allows the liquid-crystal device to be used
as a wavelength plate. In combination with the beam splitter, the
liquid-crystal device works as the optical path branching
means.
[0112] The two settings illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B are for
exemplary purposes only. The rubbing direction and the range of
phase difference are subject to change depending on a desired range
in the transmission ratio of the transmitted light.
[0113] FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate a second modification of the
second arrangement. A diffraction grating plate 35 is used as the
optical path branching means for branching the light beam.
[0114] The diffraction grating plate 35 has a diffraction grating
35B on a portion of a slidably movable transparent plate 35A.
[0115] The branching state of the laser light beam is changed by
moving the diffraction grating 35B in position in the optical path
of the laser light beam.
[0116] Referring to FIG. 8B, the laser light beam is branched by
placing the diffraction grating 35B in the optical path of the
laser light beam to lower the optical coupling efficiency.
[0117] Referring to FIG. 8A, the laser light beam is transmitted
through the diffraction grating plate 35 rather than being branched
by placing the a portion of the transparent plate 35A other than
the diffraction grating 35B in the optical path of the laser light
beam.
[0118] The diffraction grating plate 35 may be supported by a
piezoelectric element, which is controlled by a driver circuit
arranged in the servo controller 109. The position of the
diffraction grating plate 35 is thus controlled. Alternatively, the
diffraction grating plate 35 may be supported by a mechanism
including a feed screw and a motor. The position of the diffraction
grating plate 35 is thus controlled by causing a driver circuit
arranged in the servo controller 109 to control the motor.
[0119] If the diffracted light ratio of the diffraction grating 35B
is set to be first-order light: zero-order light:--first-order
light=25%:50%:25% (for simplicity, higher order light equal to or
higher than +/- second-order light components is not considered),
the light beam used for signal recording and playback is varied
within a range of from 100% to 50%.
[0120] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a third modification of the
second arrangement. A liquid-crystal device 36 capable of varying
the phase difference thereof in a diffraction grating configuration
is used as the optical path branching means for branching the
optical beam.
[0121] In the liquid-crystal device 36, a transparent electrode
layer shown in FIG. 7 is divided into a plurality of segments.
Different voltages are supplied to the segment electrodes.
Alternatively, the glass substrate is partly inclined so that the
liquid crystal is varied in thickness.
[0122] In these constructions, the phase difference is varied in a
grating configuration so that the diffraction grating having a
variable phase depth is obtained.
[0123] The liquid-crystal device 36 changes the diffracted light
ratio depending on the phase depth (a difference in the phase
difference) For example, the following setting is possible.
[0124] For recording: first-order light: zero-order
light:--first-order light=5%:90%:5% For playback: first-order
light: zero-order light:--first-order light=25%:50%:25%
[0125] The switching operation of the recording and playback
apparatus 101 thus constructed between the write mode and the read
mode is discussed below.
[0126] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a part of the
recording and playback system of the optical disk recording and
playback apparatus 101.
[0127] FIGS. 11A-11C are timing diagrams illustrating the states of
the laser light beam when the optical disk recording and playback
apparatus 101 is switched between the write mode and the read mode.
FIG. 11A illustrates the amount of light (power at the surface of
the disk) condensed on the signal recording surface of the optical
disk 102. FIG. 11B illustrates a transmission ratio of the laser
light beam at the variable optical coupling efficiency device 3.
FIG. 11B illustrates a change in the laser output power of the
optical disk 102.
[0128] Referring to FIG. 10, the optical head 104 includes a
semiconductor laser device 212, collimator lens 213,
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214, beam splitter 215,
optical monitor 216, beam splitter 218, FAPC (Front Auto Power
Control) detector device 219, objective lens 220, multi-lens 221,
multi-lens 222, and optical detector 223. These individual
components are assembled to form the optical head 104.
[0129] A current for driving a semiconductor laser chip (not shown)
in the semiconductor laser device 212 is supplied from the laser
controller 121 external to the optical head 104. The applied
voltage to the audio-visual signal input/output unit 114 is
controlled by the servo controller 109.
[0130] The optical path of the optical head 104 is now briefly
discussed.
[0131] In the optical head 104, a light beam emitted from the
semiconductor laser device 212 is guided to the collimator lens 213
to be converted into a collimated light beam, which is then
incident on the wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214.
[0132] The wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 changes the
phase difference thereof in response to the voltage applied
thereto. The light beam transmitted through the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214 with the polarization state changed in
accordance with the phase difference enters the beam splitter
215.
[0133] The beam splitter 215 transmits almost 100% of P-polarized
light and reflects almost 100% of S-polarized light. When the phase
difference resulting from the liquid-crystal device is N
wavelengths (N is an integer) (namely, during the write mode),
almost 100% of the incident light beam is transmitted through the
beam splitter 215.
[0134] The optical monitor 216 detects the S-polarized light beam
reflected from the beam splitter 215, and outputs a detected signal
to the servo controller 109 through the preamplifier 120.
[0135] The servo controller 109 detects the presence or absence of
the S-polarized light beam in response to the detected signal from
the optical monitor 216, thereby monitoring the operation of the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214, namely, a change in the
optical coupling efficiency, as will be discussed later.
[0136] When the phase difference resulting from the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214 is half-wave shifted from the N
wavelengths (namely during the read mode), the polarization
direction is rotated by 45 degrees. Around 50% of the light beam is
transmitted through the beam splitter 215 while the remaining 50%
of the light beam is reflected from the beam splitter 215.
[0137] The light beam transmitted through the beam splitter 215 is
incident on the beam splitter 218. The beam splitter 218 splits the
incident beam into a light beam to be guided to the FAPC detector
device 219, which monitors the amount of light traveling to the
signal recording surface of the optical disk 102, and a light beam
which actually travels to the signal recording surface through the
object lens 220.
[0138] The light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser device
212 and then split by the beam splitter 218 is incident on the
object lens 220.
[0139] The object lens 220 focuses the incident light beam at one
point on the signal recording surface of the optical disk 102. The
object lens 220 is moved in a focus direction represented by an
arrow F and in a tracking direction represented by an arrow T in
FIG. 10.
[0140] A light beam reflected from the signal recording surface is
again incident on the beam splitter 218 after being transmitted
through the object lens 220. The beam splitter 218 reflects and
splits the incident beam according to the reflectance thereof.
[0141] The reflected light beam split by the beam splitter 218 is
converged by the collimator lens 213. The multi-lens 222 imparts
astigmatism to the light beam to obtain a focus error signal using
an astigmatism method. The light beam is then received by the
optical detector 223, and becomes a focus error signal, tracking
error signal, and RF signal, based on the resulting light spot.
[0142] The switching operation between the recording and playback
is discussed below.
[0143] During the recording mode, the servo controller 109 supplies
the wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 with a voltage at an
appropriate level so that the wavelength-type liquid-crystal device
214 generates a phase difference of a half-wave plate. The variable
optical coupling efficiency device 3 is thus set for a transmission
ratio of 50%.
[0144] A laser output power of 5 mW results, thereby reducing laser
noise and providing excellent playback characteristics.
[0145] To switch from the read mode to the write mode, the servo
controller 109 modifies the voltage applied to the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214 in response to a command from the system
controller 107. The phase difference resulting from the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 is thus changed.
[0146] In response to a response from the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214, the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 changes the transmission ratio thereof from 50% to 100%,
thereby changing the laser output power from 5 mW to 2.5 mW.
[0147] Subsequent to the start of the response from the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214, the laser controller 121
switches the mode from read to write at an appropriate timing in
response to a command from the system controller 107.
[0148] To switch from the write mode to the read mode, the laser
controller 121 switches the mode from write to read in response to
a command from the system controller 107. The laser output power is
as low as 2.5 mW and the laser noise is increased.
[0149] Subsequent to the switching to the read power, the servo
controller 109 modifies the voltage applied to the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214 in response to a command from the system
controller 107, thereby causing a phase difference in the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 to change.
[0150] In response to a response from the wavelength-type
liquid-crystal device 214, the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 changes the transmission ratio thereof from 100% to 50%.
In this way, the laser output power changes from 2.5 mW to 5 mW.
The laser noise is reduced, and an excellent replay signal is thus
detected.
[0151] However, if the switching of the mode is not carried in the
procedure described above, the following disadvantage occurs.
[0152] In the switching from the read mode to the write mode, a
recording operation is initiated with a high optical power (with a
low optical coupling efficiency), and the apparatus attempts to
result in an output power above the maximum laser output power. The
laser itself could be damaged.
[0153] In the switching from the write mode to the read mode, a
replay operation is initiated with a low optical power (with a high
optical coupling efficiency). The noise level becomes high, thereby
degrading playback characteristics.
[0154] If the switching process between the write mode and the read
mode is performed in the procedure described above, the object of
the present invention is achieved. Specifically, an optical head
and a recording and playback apparatus employing the optical head
are thus provided in which the laser noise during the playback mode
is reduced sufficiently, even if the output power ratio of write
power/read power is low, and excellent recording and playback
characteristics are achieved even if a light source easy to
manufacture or having a low optical output power rating is
used.
[0155] In the first embodiment as shown in FIGS. 11A-11C, after a
response time that elapses between the beginning of the direction
change of the liquid-crystal molecules of the liquid-crystal device
214 and the end of the direction change of the liquid-crystal
molecules (namely, pre-recording time in preparation for a
recording operation), the driving current of the semiconductor
laser device 212 is switched to the recording one to switch from
the playback mode to the recording mode. This is intended to avoid
a damage to the semiconductor laser device 212.
[0156] To switch from the recording mode to the playback mode, the
driving current of the semiconductor laser device 212 is switched
to the playback one, and then after a response time that elapses
between the beginning of the direction change of the liquid-crystal
molecules of the liquid-crystal device 214 and the end of the
direction change of the liquid-crystal molecules (namely,
preplayback time in preparation for a playback operation), the
playback operation is performed. This arrangement controls the
effect of laser noise contained in the playback signal when the
power of the semiconductor laser device 212 drops during the
response time.
[0157] The pre-recording period and the preplayback period are
standby periods during which neither recording nor playback is
carried out. Shortening the standby time is important to perform
fast recording and playback operations.
[0158] An optical head, a recording and playback apparatus, and a
variable optical coupling efficiency device for performing a fast
recording operation and a fast playback operation in accordance
with a second embodiment are discussed below.
[0159] The second embodiment of the present invention is discussed
with reference to the construction shown in FIG. 10 again.
[0160] FIG. 12 is a plot of a change in the transmission ratio of
the variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 in response to a
response from the wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 in
accordance with the second embodiment.
[0161] The abscissa represents the voltage applied to the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214, while the ordinate
represents the transmission ratio of the P-polarized light
component. Vread represents the voltage applied during the read
mode, and Vwrite represents the voltage applied during the write
mode (the relationship of Vwrite>Vread holds).
[0162] Generally speaking, a response time when the applied voltage
is changed from low to high and a response time when the applied
voltage is changed from high to low are typically different in the
liquid-crystal device.
[0163] FIGS. 13A and 13B are plots of the transmission ratio of the
variable optical coupling efficiency device 3 versus time in
response to a response from the wavelength-type liquid-crystal
device 214 in accordance with the second embodiment. The abscissa
represents time, while the ordinate represents the transmission
ratio of light through the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 (hereinafter referred to as the transmission ratio of the
variable optical coupling efficiency device 3).
[0164] Symbols shown have the following meanings.
[0165] TWR1 and TWR2: first response time the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 requires to transition from 100% to
50% in transmission ratio
[0166] TRW1 and TRW2: second response time the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 requires to transition from 50% to
100% in transmission ratio
[0167] t0: timing at which the voltage applied to the
wavelength-type liquid-crystal device 214 starts changing
[0168] t1: timing at which the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 reaches 50% in transmission ratio
[0169] t2: timing at which the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3 reaches 100% in transmission ratio
[0170] A transmission ratio of 50% of the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 corresponds to CER, and a transmission ratio of
100% of the variable optical coupling efficiency device 3
corresponds to CWR.
[0171] FIG. 13A shows a first case in which the relationship of the
first response time TWR1>the second response time TRW1
holds.
[0172] To switch from the read mode to the write mode, the
recording operation must start at timing t2 or later subsequent to
the transition of the transmission ratio of the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 to 100%. This is indented to prevent
damage to the semiconductor laser device 212. This remains
unchanged from the first embodiment. The standby time .DELTA.tw1
required to switch from the read mode to the write mode=t2-t0=TRW1,
and is equal to the second standby time TRW1.
[0173] When the mode is switched from the write mode to the read,
the read mode preferably starts at timing t2 or later subsequent to
the transition of the transmission ratio of the variable optical
coupling efficiency device 3 to 50% to prevent noise. This is
intended to control laser noise. Taking into consideration noise
level that is permissible in the whole system because of the effect
of the ECC process, the playback signal is still free from the
noise even if the read mode starts at timing t11 (t11>t1) when
the transmission ratio is higher than 50% (55% in this case). The
standby time required to switch from the write mode to the read
mode .DELTA.tr1=t11-t0.ltoreq.TWR1. The standby time is set to be
shorter than the first response time TWR1 by switching to the read
mode at a transmission value larger than 50%.
[0174] FIG. 13B shows a second case in which the relationship of
the first response time TWR2>the second response time TRW2
holds.
[0175] The standby time to switch from the read mode to the write
mode .DELTA.tw2=t2-t0=TRW2, thus equals the second standby time
TRW2.
[0176] When the mode is switched from the write mode to the read
mode, taking into consideration noise level that is permissible in
the whole system, the playback signal is still free from the noise
even if the read mode starts at timing t11 (t11>t1) when the
transmission ratio is higher than 50% (55% in this case) as in the
first case. In the second case as well, the standby time required
to switch from the write mode to the read mode
.DELTA.tr2=t11-t0.ltoreq.TWR2. The standby time is set to be
shorter than the first response time TWR2 by switching to the read
mode at a transmission value larger than 50%.
[0177] The sum of the first response time and the second response
time may be substantially constant If one is set to be shorter, the
other response time gets longer. As discussed in connection with
the first and second cases, the second response time TRW set to be
shorter than the first response time TWR is advantageous to shorten
the sum of the standby times.
[0178] If the sum T1 of the standby times in the first
case=.DELTA.tr1+.DELTA.tw1, and the sum T2 of the standby times in
the second case=.DELTA.tr2+.DELTA.tw2, T1.ltoreq.T2.
[0179] (1) The standby time Atw required to switch from the read
mode to the write mode cannot be set to be shorter than the second
response time TRW. (2) The standby time .DELTA.tr required to
switch from the write mode to the read mode can be set to be
shorter than the first response time TWR.
[0180] From (1) and (2), the use of the liquid-crystal device with
the second response time TRW.ltoreq.the first response time TWR is
advantageous to shorten the sum of the standby times .DELTA.tw and
.DELTA.tr.
[0181] Let TWR represent the first response time required for the
transition of the optical coupling efficiency of the variable
optical coupling efficiency device 3 from CEW to CER, and let TRW
represent the second response time required for the transition of
the optical coupling efficiency of the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 from CER to CEW. The variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 satisfying the condition of TWR.ltoreq.TRW is
advantageous to shorten the sum of the standby times .DELTA.tw and
.DELTA.tr.
[0182] The light beam emitted from the semiconductor laser device
212 is controlled as below. During the write mode, the optical
output power of the light beam of the semiconductor laser device
212 is changed to the write output power PW. During the read mode,
the optical output power of the light beam emitted from the
semiconductor laser device 212 is changed to the read output power
PR. The switching operation from the write output power PW to the
read output power PR is carried out within the first response time
TWR, and the switching operation from the read output power RR to
the write output power PW is carried out subsequent to the elapse
of the second response time TRW.
[0183] In accordance with the second embodiment, the standby
pre-recording time in preparation for recording and the standby
preplayback time in preparation for playback are shortened. The
recording operation and the playback operation are carried out
fast.
[0184] In accordance with the second embodiment, the liquid-crystal
device is included as the variable optical coupling efficiency
device 3. The present invention is not limited to the
liquid-crystal device. A variety of the variable optical coupling
efficiency device 3 may be used as discussed in connection with the
first embodiment.
* * * * *