U.S. patent application number 10/375735 was filed with the patent office on 2003-08-07 for apparatuses for conditioning air with means to extend exposure time to anti-microorganism lamp.
Invention is credited to Taylor, Charles E..
Application Number | 20030147783 10/375735 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25100515 |
Filed Date | 2003-08-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030147783 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Taylor, Charles E. |
August 7, 2003 |
Apparatuses for conditioning air with means to extend exposure time
to anti-microorganism lamp
Abstract
An electronic device generates an output airflow that may be
subjected to UV radiation from a germicidal lamp within the device.
The airflow preferably is created electro-kinetically by coupling a
high voltage across an electrode system that includes emitter and
collector electrodes. The airflow is also accompanied by generation
of ions and/or ozone. Means, such as one or more vanes, are
provided to increase the amount of time that the airflow is
subjected to UV radiation.
Inventors: |
Taylor, Charles E.;
(Sebastopol, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
FLIESLER DUBB MEYER & LOVEJOY, LLP
FOUR EMBARCADERO CENTER
SUITE 400
SAN FRANCISCO
CA
94111
US
|
Family ID: |
25100515 |
Appl. No.: |
10/375735 |
Filed: |
February 27, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10375735 |
Feb 27, 2003 |
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09774198 |
Jan 29, 2001 |
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6544485 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
422/186.3 ;
422/186.04 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61L 9/22 20130101; A61L
9/015 20130101; A61L 9/20 20130101; F24F 8/22 20210101; B60H 3/0071
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
422/186.3 ;
422/186.04 |
International
Class: |
B01J 019/08 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port, and an air channel
therebetween; an electro-kinetic system, disposed in the housing,
to create an airflow moving from the input port to the output port,
through the air channel, without the use of moving parts; a
germicidal ultraviolet lamp that emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation
upon being energized, the germicidal lamp disposed in the housing
such that UV radiation emitted from the lamp radiates at least a
portion of the air channel; and at least one vane disposed within
the air channel and positioned so as to intentionally retard
velocity of the airflow, to thereby increase an effective dwell
time that UV radiation emitted from the lamp can act upon the
airflow.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air channel comprises an
elongated channel that has a greater length than width; and wherein
the at least one vane extends across at least half of the width of
the elongated channel.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one vane is
angled with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as
to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air channel comprises an
elongated channel that has a greater length than width; and the
lamp comprises an elongated cylindrical shaped lamp positioned
within the air channel generally parallel to the length of the
channel, the thereby increase an exposure time, of the airflow
through the elongated channel, to UV radiation emitted from the
lamp.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one vane extends
across at least half of the width of the elongated channel.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one vane is
angled with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as
to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one vane is
angled with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as
to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the elongated cylindrical
shaped lamp includes first and second distal ends, the first distal
end being closer to the input port than to the output port, the
second distal end being closer to the output port than to the input
port; and wherein the at least one vane includes: a first vane
located near the first distal end of the lamp so as to retard
velocity of a portion of the airflow about to enter a region of the
air channel adjacent to the lamp; and a second vane located near
the second distal end of the lamp so as to retard velocity of a
portion of the airflow about to exit the region of the air channel
adjacent to the lamp.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second
vanes is angled with respect to the a normal direction of the
airflow so as to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one vane further
comprises an intermediate vane located between the first and second
vanes.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein each of the vanes is angled
with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as to
impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lamp includes first and
second distal ends, the first end being closer to the input port
than to the output port, the second end being closer to the output
port than to the input port; and wherein the at least one vane
includes: a first vane located near the first distal end of the
lamp so as to retard velocity of a portion of the airflow about to
enter a region of the air channel adjacent the lamp; and a second
vane located near the second distal end of the lamp to retard
velocity of a portion of the airflow about to exit the region of
the air channel adjacent the lamp.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each of the first and second
vanes is angled with respect to the a normal direction of the
airflow so as to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the at least one vane
further comprises an intermediate vane located between the first
and second vanes.
15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein each of the vanes is angled
with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as to
impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
16. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port, and an air channel
therebetween; an electro-kinetic system, disposed in the housing,
to create an airflow moving from the input port to the output port
through the air channel, the electro-kinetic system including: a
first electrode array; a second electrode array downstream from the
first electrode array; and a high voltage generator adapted to
provide a potential difference between the first electrode array
and the second electrode array; the second electrode array
including an elongated hollow electrode; the first electrode array
including a pin-like electrode that is generally co-axial with the
elongated hollow electrode of the second electrode array; and a
germicidal ultraviolet lamp that emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation
upon being energized, the germicidal lamp disposed in the housing
such that UV radiation emitted from the lamp radiates at least a
portion of the air channel.
17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the lamp is positioned
downstream from the elongated hollow electrode of the second
electrode array.
18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein at least a portion of the
lamp is positioned within the elongated hollow electrode of the
second electrode array.
19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein a majority of the lamp is
positioned within the elongated hollow electrode of the second
electrode array.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising at least one vane
positioned within the elongated hollow electrode of the second
electrode array, so as to intentionally retard velocity of the
airflow, to thereby increase an effective dwell time that UV
radiation emitted from the lamp can act upon the airflow.
21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one vane
extends across at least halfofa width of the elongated hollow
electrode.
22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one vane is
angled with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as
to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
23. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising: at least one
vane disposed within the air channel and positioned so as to
intentionally retard velocity of the airflow, to thereby increase
an effective dwell time that UV radiation emitted from the lamp can
act upon the airflow.
24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one vane is
angled with respect to the a normal direction of the airflow so as
to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
25. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pin-like electrode
tapers from abase to a distal end that is directed toward the
hollow elongated electrode.
26. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pin-like electrode
terminates in a plurality of individual fibers that act as
individual pointed electrodes.
27. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port, and an air channel
therebetween; an electro-kinetic system, disposed in the housing,
to create an airflow moving from the input port to the output port,
through the air channel; a germicidal ultraviolet lamp that emits
ultraviolet (UV) radiation upon being energized, the germicidal
lamp disposed in the housing such that UV radiation emitted from
the lamp radiates at least a portion of the air channel; first and
second vanes disposed within the air channel and positioned so as
to intentionally retard velocity of the airflow, to thereby
increase an effective dwell time that UV radiation emitted from the
lamp can act upon the airflow, the second vane being located
downstream from the first vane.
28. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port, and an elongated air
channel therebetween, the elongated air channel having a greater
length than width; an electro-kinetic system, disposed in the
housing, to create an airflow moving from the input port to the
output port, through the air channel; a germicidal ultraviolet lamp
that emits ultraviolet (UV) radiation upon being energized, the
germicidal lamp disposed in the housing such that UV radiation
emitted from the lamp radiates at least a portion of the air
channel; and first and second vanes disposed within the air channel
and positioned so as to intentionally retard velocity of the
airflow, to thereby increase an effective dwell time that UV
radiation emitted from the lamp can act upon the airflow, the
second vane being located downstream from the first vane.
29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein each of the first and second
vanes are angled with respect to the a normal direction of the
airflow so as to impart a vortex-like spin to the airflow.
30. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port, and an elongated air
channel therebetween that has a greater length than width; an
electro-kinetic system, disposed in the housing, to create an
airflow moving from the input port to the output port, through the
elongated air channel; a germicidal ultraviolet lamp that emits
ultraviolet (UV) radiation upon being energized, the germicidal
lamp disposed in the housing such that UV radiation emitted from
the lamp radiates at least a portion of the elongated air channel;
and the lamp comprises an elongated cylindrical shaped lamp
positioned within the elongated air channel generally parallel to
the length of the channel, the thereby increase an exposure time,
of the airflow through the elongated channel, to UV radiation
emitted from the lamp.
31. An apparatus for conditioning air, comprising: a housing
defining an input port and an output port; an electro-kinetic
system, disposed in the housing, to create an airflow moving from
the input port to the output port, the electro-kinetic system
including: a first electrode array; a second electrode array
downstream from the first electrode array; and a high voltage
generator adapted to provide a potential difference between the
first electrode array and the second electrode array; the second
electrode array including an elongated tubular collector electrode;
the first electrode array including an emitter electrode upstream
from the elongated collector electrode of the second electrode
array; and a germicidal ultraviolet lamp that emits ultraviolet
(UV) radiation upon being energized, the germicidal lamp disposed
in the housing such that UV radiation emitted from the lamp
radiates at least a portion of an interior of the elongated tubular
collector electrode.
32. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising at least one vane
positioned so as to intentionally retard velocity of a portion of
the airflow in proximity to the interior of the elongated tubular
electrode, to thereby increase an effective dwell time that UV
radiation emitted from the lamp can act upon the airflow.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of, and claims priority
to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/774,198, filed Jan. 29,
2001, entitled ELECTRO-KINETIC DEVICE WITH ENHANCED
ANTI-MICROORGANISM CAPABILITY, which is incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to devices that can
condition the air in a room, including so-called electro-kinetic
devices that output ionized air, typically accompanied by ozone
(O.sub.3), and more specifically to providing such devices with
enhanced ability to kill microorganisms, including germs, bacteria,
and viruses in the room environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] U.S. Pat. No. 6,163,098 to Taylor et al. and U.S. Pat. No.
4,789,801 to Lee describe various devices to generate a stream of
ionized air using so-called electro-kinetic techniques. In some
applications, the electro-kinetic devices may be small enough to be
handheld, and in other applications electro-kinetic devices may be
large enough to condition the air in a room. In overview,
electro-kinetic techniques use high electric fields to ionize air
molecules, a process that produces ozone (O.sub.3) as a byproduct.
Ozone is an unstable molecule of oxygen that is commonly produced
as a byproduct of high voltage arcing. In safe concentrations,
ozone can be a desirable and useful substance. But ozone by itself
may not be effective to kill microorganisms such as germs,
bacteria, and viruses in the environment surrounding the
device.
[0004] FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic device 10 to
generate ozone. Device 10 includes a housing 20 that typically has
at least one air input port 30 and at least one air output port 40.
Within housing 20 there is disposed an electrode assembly or system
50 comprising a first electrode array 60 having at least one
electrode 70 and comprising a second electrode array 80 having at
least one electrode 90. System 10 further includes a high voltage
generator 100 coupled between the first and second electrode
arrays. Electrodes 70 and electrodes 90 may have a variety of
shapes. For example, electrodes 70 may be thin electrical wires,
and electrodes 90 may be larger wires, rods, or other shapes.
Electrodes 70 may be pointed or pin-like, and electrodes 90 may be
curvilinear, including ring shaped, or may comprise a conductive
plate with curved or ring-like openings formed in the plate.
Electrodes 90 typically are symmetrically disposed relative to
electrodes 70. For example, if there are three electrodes 70 in
first electrode array 60, there might be two electrodes 90 in
second electrode array 80, wherein electrodes 90 are staggered to
be equidistant from the nearest electrodes 70. In the pin and ring
type configurations, electrodes 90 are preferably concentric with
electrodes 70.
[0005] In the various configurations, all of the electrodes are
electrically conductive material, metal for example Electrodes 90
preferably have a larger radius than electrodes 70, with the result
that a large electric field is created at or adjacent electrodes 90
upon application of high voltage (typically several kV) from
generator 100. As a result, ozone and ionized particles of air are
generated within device 10, and there is an electro-kinetic flow of
air in the direction from the first electrode array 60 towards the
second electrode array 80. In FIG. 1, the large arrow denoted IN
represents ambient air that can enter input port 30. The small
"x's" denote particulate matter that may be present in the incoming
ambient air. The air movement is in the direction of the large
arrows, and the output airflow, denoted OUT, exits device 10 via
port 40. An advantage of electro-kinetic devices such as device 10
is that an air flow is created without using fans or other moving
parts to create the air flow.
[0006] Preferably particulate matter x in the ambient air can be
electrostatically attracted to the second electrode array 80, with
the result that the outflow (OUT) of air from device 10 not only
contains ozone and ionized air, but can be cleaner than the ambient
air. In such devices, it can become necessary to occasionally clean
the second electrode array electrodes 80 to remove particulate
matter and other debris from the surface of electrodes 90. Thus,
device 10 in FIG. 1 can function somewhat as a fan to create an
output air flow, but without requiring moving parts. Ideally the
outflow of air (OUT) is conditioned in that particulate matter is
removed and the outflow includes safe amounts of ozone, and some
ions.
[0007] But an outflow of air containing ions and ozone may not
destroy or reduce microorganisms such as germs, bacteria, fungi,
viruses, and the like, collectively hereinafter "microorganisms".
It is known in the art to try to destroy such microorganisms with
so-called germicidal lamps. Such lamps emit ultra violet radiation
having a wavelength of about 254 nm. For example, devices to
condition air using mechanical fans, HEPA filters, and germicidal
lamps are sold commercially by companies such as Austin Air,
C.A.R.E. 2000, Amaircare, and others. Often the devices are
somewhat cumbersome, and have size and bulk of a small filing
cabinet. In such devices, care must be taken to ensure that
ultraviolet radiation from the germicidal lamp cannot be viewed by
nearby persons, to prevent eye injury. Although such fan-powered
devices can reduce or destroy microorganisms, the devices tend to
be bulky, and are not necessarily silent in operation.
[0008] What is needed is a device to condition air in a room that
can operate relatively silently to remove particulate matter in the
air, that can preferably output safe amounts of ozone, and that can
also kill or reduce microorganisms such as germs, fungi, bacteria,
viruses, and the like.
[0009] The present invention provides such a device.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0010] In a first aspect, the invention provides an electro-kinetic
ionizing device with a baffle mechanism and a germicidal lamp
housed within the device such that the baffle mechanism precludes
lamp ultraviolet radiation from being viewed by humans. In one
configuration, the germicidal lamp is disposed vertically within a
somewhat tubular housing, with an array of first and second
electrodes disposed axially at one lamp end. In an alternative
embodiment, there is an array of first and second electrodes
disposed axially at each lamp end. In the various embodiments,
intake and outlet vents at each end of the housing promote flow of
electro-kinetically moved air without permitting viewing of the
lamp radiation.
[0011] Preferred electrode array configurations include pin-ring
and elongated pin-ring electrodes, including pin electrodes formed
from an arc or ring of tapered conductive material, and
symmetrically disposed arrays of electrodes formed as a single
component. The electrodes in an array preferably are symmetrically
disposed with respect to each other, and like in the air flow path.
Efficacy of the germicidal lamp in destroying bacterial, virus,
germs, etc. in the air flow appears to be proportional to the
length of time the airflow is subjected to radiation from the lamp.
Thus the preferred embodiments of the invention dispose the
longitudinal axis of the germicidal lamp parallel to the long axis
of the electro-kinetic device.
[0012] If desired, moisture containing material such as Porex may
be included to augment moisture content in the outflow of
conditioned air. In one embodiment, a personal-sized portable
device is provided that includes electro-kinetically generated
airflow with ions and ozone in the output, reduced particulate
matter in the output airflow, and with reduced or eliminated
microorganisms as a result of ultraviolet radiation generated from
a germicidal type lamp within the device. In an alternative
embodiment, the electro-kinetic components may be replaced by a
small battery operated fan, to yield a personal device that outputs
air substantially devoid of microorganisms. A Porex type element
may also be included to allow a user to augment moisture content in
the air outflow.
[0013] Other features and advantages of the invention will appear
from the following description in which the preferred embodiments
have been set forth in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0014] FIG. 1 depicts a generic electro-kinetic conditioner device
that outputs ionized air and ozone, according to the prior art;
[0015] FIGS. 2A-2F depict embodiments of electro-kinetic
conditioner devices with enhanced ability to diminish, inhibit, or
destroy microorganisms such as germs, bacteria, and viruses,
according to the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 3A is a view of an electrode system comprising
concentric rings of first array electrodes and second array
electrodes, according to the present invention;
[0017] FIG. 3B is a simplified cross-sectional side view of a
portion of an electrode system such as shown in FIG. 3A, according
to the present invention;
[0018] FIG. 4A is a breakaway view of a personal conditioner device
that includes a germicidal lamp, a moisture-enhancing component,
and an electro-kinetic air mover and/or an electric fan air mover,
according to the present invention; and
[0019] FIG. 4B depicts the device of FIG. 4A, worn around the neck
of a user, according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0020] FIG. 2A depicts a first embodiment of a device 200 that
provides electro-kinetic conditioning of ambient air, with improved
ability to diminish or destroy microorganisms including bacteria,
germs, and viruses. As will now be described, device 200 takes
ambient air (IN) that may include such microorganisms, as well as
particulate matter (depicted as x). Further, without using moving
components, device 10 outputs conditioned air (OUT) that has at
least some particulate matter removed, that includes ions, safe
amounts of ozone, and is freer of such microorganisms.
[0021] Device 200 includes a housing 210 that comprises a base
portion 220, a main portion 230, and an upper portion 240 that also
serves as a light baffle. Housing 210 includes at least one ambient
air intake vent 250, and at least one conditioned air outlet vent
260. As used herein, it will be understood that intake vent 250 is
"upstream" relative to outlet vent 260, or that outlet vent 260 is
"downstream" from intake vent 250. "Upstream" and "downstream"
describe the general flow of air into, through, and out of device
200, as indicated by the large hollow arrows.
[0022] One role of housing 210 is to prevent a nearby human, shown
as 270, from viewing preferably ultraviolet (UV) radiations or
emanations 280 generated by a UV lamp 290 disposed within the
housing. UV lamp 290 is a so-called UV-C lamp that preferably emits
radiation having wavelength of about 254 nm, which wavelength is
effective in diminishing or destroying bacteria, germs, and viruses
to which it is exposed. Lamps 290 are commercially available, for
example the Phillips model TUO 25W/G25 T8, a 25 W tubular lamp
measuring about 25 mm in diameter by about 43 cm in length. Another
suitable lamp is the Phillips TUO 8WG8 T6, an 8 W lamp measuring
about 15 mm in diameter by about 29 cm in length. Other lamps that
emit the desired wavelength may instead be used.
[0023] The efficacy of radiation 280 upon microorganism depends
upon the length of time such organisms are subjected to the
radiation. Thus in the preferred embodiments, lamp 290 is disposed
within housing 210 such that the longitudinal axis of the lamp is
parallel to the upstream-to-downstream airflow within the
housing.
[0024] In the configuration of FIG. 2A, lamp 210 is disposed
parallel to but not coaxially with the airstream that is created
preferably electro-kinetically within device 200. An
electro-kinetic airflow is created in the following fashion.
Electrode assembly 310 comprises a first electrode array 320A and a
second electrode array 330A. In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, array
320A comprises a single pin-type electrically conductive electrode
that preferably terminates in a point. In FIG. 2A, array 330A
comprises a ring-like electrode that may be constructed from an
electrically conductive cylinder. Preferably the edges of this
electrode facing electrode 320A are somewhat rounded such that the
effective radius R2 of these edges is much larger than the
effective radius R1 of electrode 320A. The ratio R2:R1 should be at
least ten, and preferably fifteen or more.
[0025] A high voltage pulse generator 340 is coupled between
electrodes in the first electrode array 320A and electrodes in the
second electrode array 330A. Generator 340A receives low input
voltage, e.g., 115 VAC to 230 VAC or in some embodiments
battery-supplied 6 VDC to 12 VDC and generates high voltage pulses
of at least 10 KV peak-to-peak with a repetition rate of about 20
KHz. The pulse train output preferably has a duty cycle of perhaps
10%, especially in battery-operated embodiments, but may have other
duty cycles including 100% duty cycle. High voltage pulse generator
340 may be implemented in many ways, and typically will comprise a
low voltage oscillator operating at perhaps 20 KHz frequency that
outputs low voltage pulses to an electronic switch such as a
thyristor. The thyristor or other switch couples the low voltage
pulses to the input winding of a step-up transformer whose
secondary winding is coupled to a high voltage multiplier circuit
outputting the high voltage pulses. The various circuits and
components comprising high voltage pulse generator 340 may be
fabricated on a printed circuit board mounted within housing 210,
for example in the housing base portion 220.
[0026] As shown in FIG. 2A, device 200 may include additional
circuitry 350, for example a voltage conditioner to provide proper
operating voltage for lamp (or lamps) 290, a circuit to allow
device 200 to function for a certain amount of time, etc.
[0027] In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, the positive output terminal
of generator 340 is coupled to the second electrode array 330A, and
the negative output terminal is coupled to the first electrode
array 320A. This coupling polarity has been found to work well,
including minimizing unwanted audible electrode vibration or hum.
However the opposite polarity could instead be used, e.g., negative
port of generator 340 coupled to electrode(s) 330A and positive
port coupled to electrode(s) 320A. As noted, the geometry of
electrode(s) 320A is such that at least one relatively narrow or
sharp point terminus exists. As one consequence, when voltage or
pulses from high voltage pulse generator 340 are coupled across the
first and second electrode arrays, it is believed that a
plasma-like field is created surrounding first array electrode(s)
320A. This electric field ionizes the ambient air between the first
and second electrode arrays and establishes an "OUT" airflow that
moves in a downstream direction, towards the second array
electrode(s) 330A. It is understood that the IN flow of ambient air
can enter via vent(s) 250, that the electro-kinetically generated
air flows in the direction of and at least partially through
electrode(s) 330A, that the air flow is subjected to UV radiation
280, and exits device 200 as OUT, via one or more outlet vents 260.
In the process, particulate matter (shown as x) entrained in the
air flow can become electrostatically attached to the surface of
electrode(s) 330A, as indicated in FIG. 2A.
[0028] It is believed that ozone and ions are generated
simultaneously by the first array electrode(s) 320A, essentially as
a function of the potential from generator 340 coupled to the first
array. Ozone generation may be increased or decreased by increasing
or decreasing the potential at the first array. Coupling an
opposite polarity potential to the second array electrode(s) 330A
essentially accelerates the motion of ions generated at the first
array, producing the air flow denoted as "OUT" in the figures. As
the ions move toward the second array, it is believed that they
push or move air molecules toward the second array. The relative
velocity of this motion may be increased by decreasing the
potential at the second array relative to the potential at the
first array.
[0029] For example, if +10 KV were applied to the first array
electrode(s), and no potential were applied to the second array
electrode(s), a cloud of ions (whose net charge is positive) would
form adjacent the first electrode array. Further, the relatively
high 10 KV potential would generate substantial local concentration
of ozone. By coupling a relatively negative potential to the second
array electrode(s), the velocity of the air mass moved by the net
emitted ions increases, as momentum of the moving ions is
conserved. This air movement dilutes the ozone concentration
adjacent the first array electrodes, allowing the ozone
concentration to be maintained at safe levels.
[0030] On the other hand, if it were desired to maintain the same
effective outflow (OUT) velocity but to generate less ozone, the
exemplary 10 KV potential could be divided between the electrode
arrays. For example, generator 340 could provide +4 KV (or some
other fraction) to the first array electrode(s) and -6 KV (or some
other fraction) to the second array electrode(s). In this example,
it is understood that the +4 KV and the -6 KV are measured relative
to ground. Understandably it is desired that the present invention
operate to output safe amounts of ozone. Accordingly, the high
voltage is preferably fractionalized with about +4 KV applied to
the first array electrode(s) and about -6 KV applied to the second
array electrodes.
[0031] As noted, outflow (OUT) preferably includes safe amounts of
O.sub.3 that can destroy or at least substantially alter bacteria,
germs, and other living (or quasi-living) matter subjected to the
outflow. In preliminary experiments, it appears that subjecting the
airstream to UV radiation 280 can somehow reduce the concentration
of O.sub.3 that is present in the OUT flow. Possibly the UV
radiation hastens the disassociation of oxygen atoms comprising the
ozone, but applicants have not thoroughly investigated this
phenomenon. Understandably decreasing O.sub.3 concentration, e.g.,
through use of UV lamp 290, can permit a higher velocity of OUT
airflow, without necessarily increasing O.sub.3 to undesirably high
concentrations.
[0032] In the embodiment of FIG. 2A, device 200 has a
cylindrical-shaped housing that is about 24" tall, and about 6" in
cross-section or diameter. Input and output vents 250,260 are
preferably are each shaped as an annulus with an opening height of
perhaps 0.5", although other configurations could be used. The
housing preferably is made from a lightweight inexpensive material,
ABS plastic for example. The lower surface of upper housing member
240 may be formed with a non-smooth finish or a non-light
reflecting finish or color, to minimize a user 270 viewing
reflected radiation 280 from lamp 290. As suggested by FIG. 2A,
housing portion 240 preferably has a curved shape to direct the OUT
airflow from a vertical orientation to an orientation that includes
a horizontal component.
[0033] Ring-like electrode(s) 330A preferably have a cross-section
or diameter of perhaps 2" to 4" and a length (upstream to
downstream) of about 4" to 6". The electrode(s) may be formed from
a cylinder or tube of metal, aluminum, stainless steel, etc. The
pointed electrode(s) 320A are preferably made from a durable
conductor such as tungsten, the better to withstand ionization
effects. The length of the pointed portion of electrode(s) 320A is
preferably at least 0.5", and the spaced-apart distance from the
distal tip of electrode(s) 320A to the preferably curved or
circular opening formed in electrode(s) 330A is about 1".
Especially good electro-kinetic transport action can result when
electrode(s) 320A are substantially coaxially and symmetrically
disposed with respect to electrode(s) 330A. Thus, in FIG. 2A, the
longitudinal axis of electrode(s) 320A and 331A are substantially
coaxial.
[0034] Preferably operating parameters of the present invention are
set during manufacture and are not user-adjustable. For example,
increasing the peak-to-peak output voltage and/or duty cycle in the
high voltage pulses generated by unit 340 can increase air
flowrate, ion content, and ozone content. In the preferred
embodiment, output flowrate is at least about 200 feet/minute, ion
content is about 2,000,000/cc and ozone content is about 40 ppb
(over ambient) to perhaps 2,000 ppb (over ambient). As described
herein, decreasing the second electrode/first electrode radius of
curvature R2/R1 ratio below about 20:1 will decrease flow rate, as
will decreasing the peak-to-peak voltage and/or duty cycle of the
high voltage pulses coupled between the first and second electrode
arrays.
[0035] Within device 200, the electro-kinetically created airstream
is subjected to sufficient radiation from lamp 290 for a
sufficiently long time to substantially diminish if not destroy
microorganisms that were present in the incoming ambient air. Thus,
the output air (OUT) is conditioned in that particulate matter
tends to precipitate electrostatically to the surface of
electrode(s) 330A and be removed from the airflow, and
microorganisms such as germs, fungi, bacteria, and viruses are
substantially if not completely removed. Some ions are present in
the output air, which can be beneficial, as are safe amounts of
O.sub.3. Occasionally it may be desirable to clean electrode(s)
330A so as to remove deposited particulate matter x from the
electrode surface.
[0036] In the embodiment of FIG. 2B, electrical leads from lamp 290
to circuit 350 are omitted for ease of illustration, and lamp 290
is now shown disposed substantially coaxially with the electrode
system 310 and with the airflow. It is understood that an advantage
of coaxial lamp mounting is that essentially all of the radiated UV
280 may affect the airflow, whereas in the embodiment of FIG. 2A,
some of the radiation must reflect from the interior wall surface
of housing portion 230 before it can affect any portion of the
airflow. If desired, multiple lamps 290 may be used, including at
least one lamp mounted off-axis (e.g., FIG. 2A) and one lamp
mounted coaxially (e.g., FIG. 2B).
[0037] Note too in FIG. 2B that the edges of electrode(s) 330A'
facing upstream (e.g., towards electrode(s) 320A) have been
chambered or rounded. Chambering is a preferred implementation of
electrode(s) 330A in that beginning at the electrode regions facing
electrode(s) 320A and continuing toward the opposite, downstream
direction, a smooth and continuous second electrode array electrode
surface is presented.
[0038] In the configuration of FIG. 2C, electrode(s) 320A are
implemented using a portion of carbon or other material 320A' that
terminates in a plurality of individual fibers, as shown. Various
of the fibers act as individual pointed or pin-like electrodes. In
the embodiment shown in FIG. 2C, the various fibers are essentially
coaxially disposed with respect to ring-like electrodes 330A or
330A'.
[0039] FIG. 2D depicts a configuration in which ring-like
electrode(s) are configured as 330A", a rather elongated
cylindrical member with a smoothly outwardly flared edge in the
upstream direction. In this configuration it can be advantageous to
mount lamp 290 from one end. Again, for ease of illustration,
electrical wires coupling lamp 290 to its power source have been
omitted from the drawing. Note the inclusion of optional vanes 360,
disposed within housing 210 so as to intentionally retard velocity
of the airflow. These vanes can impart a vortex-like spin to the
moving air, slowing the rate of flow, which increases the effective
dwell time that UV radiation 280 from lamp 290 can act upon the
airstream. It is understood that vanes 360 may also be included in
the other configurations described, and to be described. In FIG.
2D, the diameter of electrode(s) 330A" may be 4" or so, and the
length may be 12" or so, although other dimensions may be used.
While FIG. 2D depicts electrode(s) 330A" as coupled to the positive
port of high voltage pulse generator 340, it is understood that
polarity of the pulses coupled to the first array and second array
electrodes may in fact be reversed from what is shown.
[0040] FIG. 2E depicts a cascade configuration of first and second
array electrodes that has been found to reduce audible hissing-like
noise that can emanate from device 200. In this configuration, a
pair of first array electrodes 320A, 320B are electrically series
coupled to one port of high voltage generator 340, and a pair of
second array electrodes 330A', 330B' are electrically series
coupled to the other port of high voltage generator 340. The
electrodes within a pair are preferably substantially symmetrically
or coaxially disposed with respect to each other. Thus, electrode
320A is symmetrically and in this case also coaxially disposed with
respect to electrode 330A', and electrode 320B is symmetrically and
in this case also coaxially disposed with respect to electrode
330B'. Differently shaped ring-like electrodes 330A' and 330B' are
depicted to suggest the relative freedom of design that exists.
However in the various configurations, the R2/R1>10 ratio
described earlier is preferably met.
[0041] Also shown in FIG. 2E is an optional ring (or other
configuration) of moisture-retaining material 390, disposed
adjacent at least one outlet port 260 as to present the least
resistance to the outflow of air. In the preferred embodiment,
moisture-retaining member 390 is a hollow collar-like cylinder,
perhaps 0.125" thick of Porex.TM. UHMW X-4901 material, that can be
moistened with water, with scent, perhaps with medication (e.g.,
asthma medication). Such material has a polyethylene base, exhibits
a wicking action, and can absorb and retain substantial amounts of
moisture. A user can periodically moisten this material, and the
outflow of air (OUT) can contain not only beneficial amounts of
ozone, some ions, relatively little particulate matter, and
preferably little or no microorganisms, but may have increased
humidity, if so desired by a user. Such material 390 may be
included in the other configurations of the present invention
described herein.
[0042] FIG. 2F depicts a configuration of the present invention in
which housing 210 provides intake ports or vents 250 at an upper
region and output ports or vents 260 at a lower region. In this
configuration, germicidal UV lamp 290 is shown disposed in a lower
region of the housing. Although FIG. 2F depicts a specific
configuration of pin-like and ring-like electrodes, it is
understood that other electrode configurations and/or additional
electrode configurations could be used to establish a desired
electro-kinetic airflow, to establish precipitation of particulate
matter x in the incoming ambient air, to output ions, and to output
safe amounts of ozone. Note that a collar or other configuration of
moisture containing material 260 may optionally be provided.
[0043] Turning now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, a compact configuration for
an electrode system 310 is shown that can create the same total
volume of air flow as can be generated from larger configuration
electrode systems. The system is especially robust and can be
removed from a device housing and cleaned of accumulated
particulate particles and other matter, by being washed in an
ordinary household dishwasher. FIG. 3B depicts force field lines
resulting from application of high voltage from generator 340
across the electrode system.
[0044] In the configuration of FIG. 3A, a plurality of
concentrically disposed first array electrodes 320A are disposed
upstream from a plurality of concentrically disposed second array
electrodes 330A. As best seen in FIG. 3B, the distal ends (the ends
facing downstream or to the right in the figure) preferably are
tapered or pointed or sharp. To depict the flexibility of design,
the tapered distal end points of the first array electrodes 320A
are shown essentially flush with each other in FIG. 3B, although
they could instead be staggered. By contrast, the upstream facing
preferably curved distal ends of second array electrodes 330A are
shown staggered, although they could instead be flush with each
other.
[0045] The first array electrodes 320A may be machined or otherwise
formed from a durable metal, and are connected to each other
electrically and to one output port of high voltage pulse generator
340, for example the positive port. The second array electrodes
330A similarly are formed from a durable metal and are connected to
each other electrically and to the other end of the high voltage
pulse generator 340. In this configuration as in the other
electrode configurations, it is understood that one of the output
ports or terminals of high voltage pulse generator 340 may in fact
be at the same potential as ambient air.
[0046] The configuration shown in FIG. 3A may be perhaps 6" to 8"
in outer diameter, perhaps 4" to 10" in length, with a spacing
between adjacent concentric rings of elements 320A or of elements
330A of perhaps 0.25" to 0.5". Other dimensions may instead be
used, however. If desired, the configuration of FIG. 3A may be
slightly modified to use offset spiral configurations for
electrodes 320A and for 330A. Spiral configurations can simplify
manufacturing as well as the electrically connections to the
electrodes.
[0047] As shown in FIG. 3B, particulate matter (depicted as x) in
the incoming air (IN) will tend to electrostatically adhere to the
surface of the downstream second array electrodes 330A. The output
airflow (OUT), however, will be relatively free of such particulate
matter, and will contain ions and safe amounts of O.sub.3. Further,
the presence of a germicidal-type UV lamp 290 (not shown in FIGS.
3A, 3B) will ensure that microorganisms present in the incoming air
will be substantially eliminated in the air outflow (OUT). It is
further understood that, if desired, a ring or rings (or other
configuration) of moisture retaining material 390 may be disposed,
preferably adjacent a downstream portion of electrode assembly
310.
[0048] FIG. 4A is a perspective, breakaway view of a battery
operable personal device 400, showing housing 410 as comprising an
upper housing member 420 that includes intake vents 250, a lower
housing member 430 and can house, among other components, batteries
B1 to power device 400, and includes a battery hatch 440 to provide
access to B1. An ON/OFF switch S1 can couple B1 to the high voltage
generator and circuitry 340, 350 within housing 410. Housing 410
further includes a front housing portion 450 and provides outlet
vents 260. In the preferred embodiment, the interior area of at
least a portion of the outlet area includes foam like
fluid-retaining material 260, as described above, which material,
when wet, can augment humidity of the output airflow OUT.
[0049] In the embodiment shown, airflow preferably is
electro-kinetically generated with an electrode system 310 that
includes two pairs of electrode arrays. Alternatively, or in
addition, a small DC-powered fan 500 may be included to create an
airflow, albeit without generating ozone and/or ions. In FIG. 4A,
pin-like and ring-like electrodes 320A and 330B'. First array
electrodes 320A may be as shown in FIGS. 2A-2F, and second array
electrodes 330B' preferably are flared, as shown in FIG. 2E. Each
pin-like or pointed electrode 320A is upstream and preferably
coaxial from a ring-like electrode 330B'. A collar of moisture
retaining material 390 is disposed within housing portion 450 so as
to be subjected to the airflow passing through the smooth and
continuous interior surface of an adjacent electrode 330B'.
[0050] Device 400 further includes a germicidal type UV lamp 290,
such as described earlier herein. Lamp 290 is disposed within
housing 410 so that the airflow (whether created
electro-kinetically or by fan 500) is subjected to UV radiation
from the lamp
[0051] FIG. 4B shows device 400 suspended from the neck of a user
by a cord 510. The battery operated device 400 lends itself to use
in crowded areas such as motor vehicles, airplanes, etc. where the
ambient air might be less than pristine. The inclusion of lamp 290
within device 400 will promote the destruction of germs, bacteria,
fungi, viruses in the output airflow (OUT). The electro-kinetic
generation of the airflow promotes silent operation of device 400,
serves to output air that has been at least partially cleaned of
particulate matter, and that can include ions and/or ozone.
Further, the inclusion of wettable material 390 allows the wearer
or user of device 400 to augment moisture in the outflow of air,
and/or to add scented liquid and/or medication to further augment
the nature and quality of the output airflow. Although device 400
is shown worn around a user's body in FIG. 4B, device 400 may also
be placed on an automobile dashboard and, if desired, powered from
the vehicle battery.
[0052] Modifications and variations may be made to the disclosed
embodiments without departing from the subject and spirit of the
invention as defined by the following claims.
* * * * *