U.S. patent application number 10/068580 was filed with the patent office on 2003-08-07 for lead-in bumper for a loading dock.
Invention is credited to DiBiase, Joseph J., Maly, Paul J., Swietlik, Walter J..
Application Number | 20030145535 10/068580 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27659067 |
Filed Date | 2003-08-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030145535 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DiBiase, Joseph J. ; et
al. |
August 7, 2003 |
Lead-in bumper for a loading dock
Abstract
A bumper system for a loading dock includes an engagement member
and a guide member mounted to the face of the dock. The guide
member helps guide a vehicle toward the engagement member, which
receives the primary impact of the vehicle backing into the dock.
If the vehicle is excessively off to one side, the guide member of
some embodiments may affect the operation of a dock leveler,
vehicle restraint, dock seals, or a door associated with the
loading dock. In some embodiments when the vehicle is off to one
side the guide member may inhibit the vehicle from reaching the
engagement member.
Inventors: |
DiBiase, Joseph J.;
(Vaughan, CA) ; Maly, Paul J.; (Mequon, WI)
; Swietlik, Walter J.; (Cedarburg, WI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MARSHALL, GERSTEIN & BORUN
6300 Sears Tower
233 South Wacker Drive
Chicago
IL
60606-6357
US
|
Family ID: |
27659067 |
Appl. No.: |
10/068580 |
Filed: |
February 6, 2002 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/173.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65G 69/003 20130101;
B65G 69/006 20130101; B65G 69/008 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/173.2 |
International
Class: |
E04D 005/06 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A bumper for engaging at least one of a rear surface and a side
surface of a vehicle that is adjacent a dock face of a loading
dock, the bumper comprising: an engagement member attachable to the
loading dock and being adapted to engage the rear surface of the
vehicle; and a guide member adjacent the engagement member and
being adapted to help guide the vehicle toward the engagement
member.
2. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the guide member protrudes
further from the dock face than does the engagement member.
3. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the engagement member extends
higher than the guide member.
4. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the guide member is adapted to
engage the side surface of the vehicle.
5. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the guide member includes a
tapered surface adapted to engage the side surface of the
vehicle.
6. The bumper of claim 1, further comprising a sensor responsive to
the position of the vehicle relative to the bumper.
7. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor is responsive to the
position of the vehicle relative to the engagement member.
8. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor is responsive to the
position of the vehicle relative to the guide member.
9. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor includes a
photoelectric cell.
10. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor includes a proximity
switch.
11. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor includes a limit
switch.
12. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor includes a pressure
switch.
13. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor is coupled to the
guide member.
14. The bumper of claim 6, wherein the sensor is coupled to the
engagement member.
15. The bumper of claim 6, further comprising a light responsive to
the sensor.
16. The bumper of claim 15, wherein the light is adjacent the guide
member.
17. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the guide member includes an
anti-friction member.
18. The bumper of claim 17, wherein the anti-friction member
includes a roller.
19. The bumper of claim 1, wherein the engagement member and the
guide member are attachable to the dock face.
20. A bumper for engaging at least a rear surface of a vehicle that
is adjacent a dock face of a loading dock, the bumper comprising:
an engagement member adapted to be mounted to the dock face and
having a generally L-shape, wherein a first leg of the L-shape is
adapted to engage the rear surface of the vehicle when the vehicle
is at a certain proper position relative to the bumper, and wherein
a second leg of the L-shape is adapted to engage the rear surface
of the vehicle when the vehicle is at a certain improper position
relative the bumper.
21. The bumper of claimn 20, wherein the second leg protrudes
further from the dock face than does the first leg.
22. The bumper of claim 20, wherein the first leg extends higher
than the second leg.
23. The bumper of claim 20, further comprising a sensor responsive
to the position of the vehicle relative to the bumper.
24. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor is responsive to the
position of the vehicle relative to the first leg.
25. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor is responsive to the
position of the vehicle relative to the second leg.
26. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor includes a
photoelectric cell.
27. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor includes a proximity
switch.
28. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor includes a limit
switch.
29. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor includes a pressure
switch.
30. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor is coupled to the
second leg.
31. The bumper of claim 23, wherein the sensor is coupled to the
first leg.
32. The bumper of claim 23, further comprising a light responsive
to the sensor.
33. The bumper of claim 32, wherein the light is adjacent the
second leg.
34. A bumper system for engaging a rear surface of a vehicle that
is adjacent a dock face of a loading dock, the bumper system
comprising: an engagement member attachable to the loading dock and
being adapted to engage the rear surface of the vehicle when the
vehicle is at a predetermined proper position relative to the
bumper system; and a guide member adjacent the engagement member
and being adapted to engage the rear surface of the vehicle when
the vehicle is at a predetermined improper position relative to the
bumper system, wherein the guide member is adapted to protrude
further away from dock face than what the engagement member is
adapted to protrude.
35. The bumper system of claim 34, further comprising a dock
leveler that includes a ramp pivotal relative to the loading dock
and a lip movable relative to the ramp between an extended position
to reach the vehicle and a stored position to clear the vehicle,
wherein guide member is adapted to protrude further away from the
dock face than what the lip is adapted to protrude when in the
extended position.
36. The bumper system of claim 34, wherein the engagement member
extends higher than the guide member.
37. The bumper system of claim 34, further comprising a sensor
responsive to the position of the vehicle relative to the bumper
system.
38. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor is responsive
to the position of the vehicle relative to the engagement
member.
39. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor is responsive
to the position of the vehicle relative to the guide member.
40. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor includes a
photoelectric cell.
41. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor includes a
proximity switch.
42. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor includes a
limit switch.
43. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor includes a
pressure switch.
44. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor is coupled to
the guide member.
45. The bumper system of claim 37, wherein the sensor is coupled to
the engagement member.
46. The bumper system of claim 37, further comprising a light
responsive to the sensor.
47. The bumper system of claim 46, wherein the light is adjacent
the guide member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The subject invention generally pertains to dock bumpers and
more specifically to one that helps ensure that a vehicle is
properly positioned at the dock.
[0003] 2. Description of Related Art
[0004] A typical loading dock of a building includes an exterior
doorway with an elevated platform for loading and unloading
vehicles, such as trucks and trailers. Currently, there are
numerous products available for improving a loading dock's
operating conditions, function, safety, and/or usefulness. For
example, dock shelters or compressible dock seals installed along
the perimeter of the doorway are adapted to seal against the rear
portion of the truck to help seal out weather, as the truck is
being loaded or unloaded of its cargo.
[0005] To compensate for height differences between the loading
dock platform and an adjacent bed of a truck or trailer, many
loading docks include a dock leveler. A typical dock leveler
includes a deck, also known as a ramp or dockboard, which is
pivotally hinged along its back edge to vary the height of its
front edge. An extension plate, or lip, extends outward from the
deck's front edge to span the gap between the rear of the truck bed
and the front edge of the deck. Depending on the particular dock
leveler, some lips move linearly and others pivot between a stored
position and an extended, operative position. In moving to the
stored position, the lip usually retracts to where it does not
interfere with a vehicle backing into the dock. In the extended,
operative position, the lip extends from the deck's front edge and
rests upon the truck bed to form a bridge between the two. This
allows personnel and material handling equipment to readily move on
and off the vehicle during loading and unloading operations.
[0006] When loading or unloading a truck at a loading dock, it is
generally a safe practice to help restrain the truck from
accidentally moving too far away from the dock. This is often
accomplished by a hook-style vehicle restraint that engages what is
referred to in the industry as an ICC bar or a Rear Impact Guard
(RIG). An ICC bar or RIG is a bar or beam that extends horizontally
across the rear of a truck, below the truck bed. Its primary
purpose is to help prevent an automobile from under-riding the
truck in a rear-end collision. However, an ICC bar also provides a
convenient structure for a hook-style restraint to reach up in
front of the bar to obstruct the truck's movement away from the
dock. To release the truck, many restraints lower to a stored
position below the bar, which then allows the next truck to back
into the dock. Other hook-style restraints store in a normally
raised position and include an inclined lead-in that an ICC bar
uses to help push the restraint underneath the bar as the truck
backs into the dock. Once underneath the bar, usually a barrier
rises in front of the bar to restrain the truck.
[0007] To protect the building and the dock leveler from direct
vehicle impact and to protect dock seals from being completely
crushed by a truck backing into the dock, loading docks often
include bumpers. Bumpers also help establish a certain amount of
clearance between the rear of the truck and the dock leveler, so
the dock leveler can first raise and then lower its lip upon the
rear edge of the truck with a safe amount of overlap, or lip
purchase, between the lip and the truck bed. Establishing a
predetermined distance between the rear of the truck and the dock
face also helps ensure that a vehicle restraint is able reach out
and engage the front edge of the truck's ICC bar. Bumpers are
usually installed near the bottom of the doorway, adjacent either
side of the dock leveler lip and protrude a few inches out from the
face of the dock where they can be abutted by the rear of the
vehicle.
[0008] Unfortunately, conventional dock bumpers do not always
ensure that the rear of the vehicle is properly positioned relative
to the loading dock's doorway, dock leveler, vehicle restraint,
dock seal, or dock shelter. For instance, the rear of the truck may
stop excessively short of reaching the bumper, or the truck may be
offset to either side of the doorway. If the truck stops far short
of the bumper, several problems may occur. The vehicle restraint
may be unable to reach out far enough to hook the front of the ICC
bar, the dock seal or dock shelter may fail to fully engage the
rear of the truck, there may be insufficient lip purchase between
the rear of the truck bed and an extended dock leveler lip, or the
dock leveler lip may miss the rear edge of the truck bed entirely.
If the truck is off centered relative to the doorway, the dock seal
or dock shelter may leave one side of the truck relatively
unsheltered, the truck might crush one side of a dock shelter, or
the dock leveler lip may be unable fit inside the truck.
[0009] Consequently, in addition to bumpers, sometimes bollards or
wheel guides are anchored to the driveway of a loading dock to
create an obstruction that establishes lateral limits within which
a truck may travel. Low profile wheel guides may be difficult to
see if they get covered with snow, and almost any protrusion
extending upward from the driveway may interfere with snow
removal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] In some embodiments, a bumper includes a guide member
adjacent an engagement member, wherein the guide member helps guide
a vehicle toward the engagement member.
[0011] In some embodiments, the guide member protrudes further away
from a loading dock face than does the engagement member.
[0012] In some embodiments, the engagement member is higher than
the guide member to ensure that the bumper can engage vehicles with
relatively high truck beds and avoid damaging hinged door panels on
the vehicle.
[0013] In some embodiments, the bumper includes a tapered surface
that helps urge the vehicle in position.
[0014] In some embodiments, the bumper includes a vehicle
sensor.
[0015] In some embodiments, the vehicle sensor is the guide member
itself.
[0016] In some embodiments, the vehicle sensor controls the
operation of an indicator light.
[0017] In some embodiments, the vehicle sensor controls the
operation of a vehicle restraint, inflatable dock seals, a dock
leveler, and/or a dock door.
[0018] In some embodiments, the guide member and engagement member
are integrally joined to each other.
[0019] In some embodiments, the guide member and engagement member
are adjacent, but spaced apart from each other.
[0020] In some embodiments, the guide member and engagement member
are mounted to a dock face to avoid creating an obstruction on the
driveway approach of the loading dock.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle backing into a
loading dock that includes a bumper system according to one
embodiment.
[0022] FIG. 2 is similar to FIG. 1, but with the vehicle properly
backed up against a dock seal with a lip of a dock leveler resting
atop the truck bed.
[0023] FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1.
[0024] FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 2.
[0025] FIG. 5 is a top view similar to FIG. 4, but the vehicle
improperly offset to one side.
[0026] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a bumper according to
another embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 7 is a top view similar to FIGS. 3 and 4, but with the
bumper of FIG. 6 guiding the vehicle into position.
[0028] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a bumper according to
another embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 9 is a top view similar to FIG. 7, but with the bumper
of FIG. 8.
[0030] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a bumper according to
another embodiment.
[0031] FIG. 11 is a top view similar to FIG. 7, but with the bumper
of FIG. 10.
[0032] FIG. 12 is a top view of a vehicle properly backing into a
loading dock that includes of a bumper according to another
embodiment.
[0033] FIG. 13 is a top view similar to FIG. 12, but with the
vehicle offset to one side.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0034] A loading dock 10, of FIG. 1, includes a bumper system 12
that not only absorbs vehicle impacts, but also helps guide a
vehicle 14 to a proper loading/unloading position. Depending on the
particular loading dock, bumper system 12 may help guide vehicle 14
relative to a door 16 or doorway 18 of a building 20, a dock face
22, dock seal 24 (or a dock shelter), a dock leveler 26, and a
vehicle restraint 28. To do this, bumper system 12 includes a right
hand bumper 30 and a left hand bumper 32 that each include an
engagement member 34 and 36, respectively, for establishing a
predetermined proper distance between dock face 22 and a rear edge
38 of vehicle 14. Bumpers 30 and 32 also include guide members 40
and 42, respectively, that help centrally align vehicle 14 to
doorway 18. Bumpers 30 and 32 generally have an L-shape (e.g., as
viewed from the top in FIG. 3 with engagement member 36 being a
first leg of the L-shape, and guide member 42 being a second leg of
the L-shape); however, other shapes are also well within the scope
of the invention.
[0035] In operation, vehicle 14 first backs into dock 10, as shown
in FIGS. 1 and 3. If vehicle 14 includes swinging door panels 44
and 46 that cover a rear access opening 48 in vehicle 14, the door
panels are swung open before the rear of vehicle 14 engages dock
seal 24. Otherwise, dock seal pressing against the rear edges of
vehicle 14 would interfere with opening the doors. Door panels 44
and 46 being open while the rear of vehicle 14 is up against seal
24 allows access into vehicle 14 from within building 20 for
loading and unloading cargo.
[0036] As vehicle 14 travels from its position of FIGS. 1 and 3 to
that of FIGS. 2 and 4, surfaces 50 and 52 provide the driver of
vehicle 14 with a visual reference that assists in keeping vehicle
14 generally centered within guide members 40 and 42. With surfaces
50 and 52 remaining visible, the driver knows vehicle 14 is
properly positioned at the dock when he senses the rear of vehicle
14 bumping up against engagement member 34 and/or 36.
[0037] Engagement members 34 and 36 define a certain distance 54 or
clearance between dock face 22 and the rear edge of vehicle 14, as
shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The clearance allows dock leveler 26 to
operate its pivotal ramp 56 and lip 58 to set lip 58 atop the floor
of vehicle 14 with an appropriate amount of lip purchase 60, as
shown in FIG. 4. The actual operation of dock leveler 26 depends on
its particular design, as dock leveler 26 is schematically
illustrated to represent all types of dock levelers known to those
skilled in the art.
[0038] If vehicle 14 is excessively off to one side as it backs
into loading dock 10, the rear edge of vehicle 14 may abut either
guide member 40 or 42. In FIG. 5, for example, guide member 42
keeps vehicle 14 at such an appreciable distance 62 away from dock
face 22 that dock leveler lip 58 is unable to reach the rear edge
of vehicle 14. Guide member 42 extending farther out from dock face
22 than what lip 58 can extend avoids creating a hazardous
situation of marginal lip purchase. With the rear edge of vehicle
14 being at either of one of two locations: up against engagement
member 36 (FIG. 4), or up against guide member 42 (FIG. 5), the
amount of lip purchase will either be acceptable or
nonexistent.
[0039] This "Go/No-Go" mode of operation not only applies to proper
positioning of vehicle 14 with respect to its distance away from
dock face 22, but also applies to the vehicle's central alignment
(lateral alignment in a horizontal direction parallel to dock face
22). For instance, vehicle 14 being between guide members 40 and 42
ensures that lip 58 can fit between the side edges of the vehicle's
rear access opening 48. If it were not for guide members 40 and 42,
vehicle 14 may be so offset to one side that lip 58 may be unable
to extend through access opening 48 or may scrape along an inside
edge of the opening.
[0040] The bumper system's alignment feature as it applies to dock
levelers also applies to dock seal 24 and vehicle restraint 28 in a
similar manner. Vehicle 14 being up against engagement members 34
and 36 helps ensure that vehicle restraint 28 is able reach ICC bar
64 of vehicle 14, and helps ensure that the rear surface of vehicle
14 is engaging seals 24 without crushing them. And vehicle 14 being
between guide members 40 and 42 ensures that the rear vertical
edges of vehicle 14 are properly aligned with the two vertical side
pads of dock seal 24.
[0041] To avoid damaging a truck door or its hinges, guide members
40 and 42 are preferably at an elevation that is below the lowest
anticipated height of a truck door's lower edge. This prevents a
truck from forcing the hinged edge of its open door against a guide
member. However, to ensure that bumpers 30 and 32 are still able to
engage relatively high truck beds, portions of engagement members
34 and 36 are higher than guide members 40 and 42.
[0042] In a similar embodiment, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, bumpers 66
and 68 are provided with guide members 70 and 72 that include
tapered surfaces 74 and 76. The tapered surfaces provide a gradual
lead-in that helps guide and may even urge the rear of vehicle 14
toward its proper position between guide members 70 and 72.
Surfaces 74 and 76 may be provided by an anti-friction member 78,
which is schematically illustrated to represent members such as an
UHMW polyethylene sheet, steel plate, conveyor belt, series of
rollers, etc.
[0043] In another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, bumpers 80
and 82 each include an engagement member 84 and a guide member 86
that are mounted separately to a dock face 88. Mounting engagement
member 84 and guide member 86 separately allows more freedom in the
vertical and horizontal displacement of the two members. Also,
guide member 86 includes a roller 90 that serves as an
anti-friction member that reduces wear between guide member 86 and
the rear edge of truck 14.
[0044] In yet another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, bumpers
90 and 92 include an engagement member 94, a guide member 96, and a
sensor 98 responsive to the position of vehicle 14. Sensor 98 can
be used to determine whether vehicle 14 is in the correct position
relative to the loading dock. In response to sensing the position
of vehicle 14, sensor 98 can be used to control a light 100 for
providing the truck driver or dockworkers with a visual signal of
the vehicle's position. Sensor 98 can also be used as part of an
overall bumper system wherein sensor 98 selectively enables and
disables the operation of dock leveler 26, an inflatable dock seal,
vehicle restraint 28, and/or a powered door associated with doorway
18. Sensor 98 can be disposed within guide member 96, disposed
within engagement member 94, or separately mounted adjacent bumpers
90 and 92. One or more sensors can be used for any given bumper
system. Sensor 98 is schematically illustrated to represent a wide
variety of sensors including, but not limited to, a conventional
electromechanical limit switch, proximity switch, photoelectric
eye, pressure switch, etc.
[0045] In the embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13, a bumper system 102
includes an engagement member 104 and a guide member 106, wherein
guide member 106 comprises a photoelectric eye 108. Photoelectric
eye 108 allows guide member 106 to help in guiding vehicle 14 into
a loading dock 110 without guide member 106 ever actually having to
physically come in contact with vehicle 14. As vehicle 14 backs
into the dock, a visible or invisible light beam 112 projecting
from photoelectric eye 108 may be reflected or otherwise
interrupted by the presence of vehicle 14, as indicated by the left
side beam 112 of FIG. 13. If vehicle is off to one side and within
a predetermined distance (per the specifications of the particular
electric eye) in front of a photoelectric eye 108, then that
photoelectric eye 108 could control a light 114 to turn on as a
signal that vehicle 14 is misaligned relative to dock 110. However,
if vehicle 14 is generally centered between guide members 106, as
shown in FIG. 12, then beams 112 would be undisturbed and lights
114 would be individually energized or de-energized
accordingly.
[0046] Although the invention is described with reference to a
preferred embodiment, it should be appreciated by those skilled in
the art that various modifications are well within the scope of the
invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be
determined by reference to the claims that follow.
* * * * *