U.S. patent application number 10/321193 was filed with the patent office on 2003-07-31 for pentafluoropropane-based compositions.
Invention is credited to Cook, Kane D., Hitters, Guillermo J., Knopeck, Gary M., Pham, Hang T., Shankland, Ian R., Singh, Rajiv R..
Application Number | 20030141481 10/321193 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23340182 |
Filed Date | 2003-07-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030141481 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hitters, Guillermo J. ; et
al. |
July 31, 2003 |
Pentafluoropropane-based compositions
Abstract
The present invention provides compositions comprising
pentafluoropropane, a second component selected from the group
consisting of decafluoropropane, perfluorobutyl methyl ether and
combinations of these, and a third component selected from the
group consisting of methanol, 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene and
combinations of these. The present invention further provides for
refrigerants, blowing agents, foam compositions, polyol premixes,
closed-cell foams, sprayable compositions, and the like, comprising
the present compositions.
Inventors: |
Hitters, Guillermo J.;
(Hamburg, NJ) ; Cook, Kane D.; (Eggertsville,
NY) ; Knopeck, Gary M.; (Lakeview, NY) ; Pham,
Hang T.; (Amherst, NY) ; Shankland, Ian R.;
(Randolph, NJ) ; Singh, Rajiv R.; (Getzville,
NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Synnestvedt & Lechner LLP
2600 Aramark Tower
1101 Market Street
Philadelphia
PA
19107-2950
US
|
Family ID: |
23340182 |
Appl. No.: |
10/321193 |
Filed: |
December 17, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60342067 |
Dec 18, 2001 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
252/67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09K 5/045 20130101;
C08J 9/149 20130101; C09K 2205/102 20130101; C09K 2205/32 20130101;
C08J 2203/142 20130101; C08J 2203/12 20130101; C09K 3/30 20130101;
C09K 2205/122 20130101; C08J 2203/146 20130101; C09K 2205/112
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
252/67 |
International
Class: |
F25D 001/00; C09K
005/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Relatively-constant-boiling-point compositions comprising 1,
1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, a second component selected from the
group consisting of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane,
perfluorobutyl methyl ether, and combinations thereof, and a third
component selected from the group consisting of methanol,
1,2-trans-dichloroethylene, and combinations thereof, said
compositions having a boiling point of about 22.degree.
C..+-.7.degree. C. at 14.7 psia.
2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 37 to
about 75 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about
3 to about 60 weight percent of a second component selected from
the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane,
perfluorobutyl methyl ether, and combinations of these, and from
about 1 to about 60 weight percent methanol.
3. A composition according to claim 2 having a boiling point of
about 20.degree. C..+-.5.degree. C. at 14.7 psia
4. A composition of claim 2 comprising from about about 40 to about
70 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about 10 to
about 50 weight percent of said second component, and from about 5
to about 50 weight percent methanol, said composition having a
boiling point of about 23.degree. C..+-.5.degree. C. at 14.7
psia
5. The compositions of claim 4 comprising from about about 40 to
about 65 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about
20 to about 40 weight percent of said second component, and from
about 10 to about 40 weight percent methanol.
6. The compositions of claim 1 wherein said second component
consists essentially of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropropane.
7. The compositions of claim 1 wherein said second component
consists essentially of perfluorobutyl methyl ether.
8. A refrigerant composition comprising a composition according to
claim 1.
9. A blowing agent comprising a composition according to claim
1.
10. A method for producing a foam comprising foaming a composition
containing a composition according to claim 1.
11. A premix of a polyol and a blowing agent comprising a
composition according to claim 1.
12. A closed cell foam composition prepared by foaming a foamable
composition containing a composition according to claim 1.
13. A sprayable composition comprising a material to be sprayed and
a propellant comprising a composition according to claim 1.
14. A composition according to claim 1 comprising from about 25 to
about 75 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about
15 to about 60 weight percent of a second component selected from
the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropropane,
perfluorobutyl methyl ether, and combinations of these, and from
about 1 to about 60 weight percent 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene.
15. A composition according to claim 14 having a having a boiling
point of about 20.degree. C..+-.5.degree. C. at 14.7 psia.
16. A composition of claim 14 comprising from about about 25 to
about 70 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about
25 to about 50 weight percent of said second component, and from
about 5 to about 50 weight percent 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene, said
compositions having a boiling point of about 23.degree.
C..+-.5.degree. C. at 14.7 psia.
17. A composition of claim 16 comprising from about about 25 to
about 65 weight percent of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, from about
35 to about 45 weight percent of said second component, and from
about 10 to about 40 weight percent 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene.
18. A composition of claim 14 wherein said second component
consists essentially of 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropropane.
19. A composition of claim 14 wherein said second component
consists essentially of perfluorobutyl methyl ether.
20. A refrigerant composition comprising a composition according to
claim 14.
21. A blowing agent comprising a composition according to claim
14.
22. A method for producing a foam comprising foaming a composition
containing a composition according to claim 14.
23. A premix of a polyol and a blowing agent comprising a
composition according to claim 14.
24. A closed cell foam composition prepared by foaming a foamable
composition containing a composition according to claim 14.
25. A sprayable composition comprising a material to be sprayed and
a propellant comprising a composition according to claim 14.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the priority of the provisional
application U.S. Serial No. 60/342,067, which has been accorded the
filing date of Dec. 18, 2001.
FIELD OF INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to compositions of
pentafluoropropane. More specifically, the present invention
provides for compositions comprising pentafluoropropane that have a
relatively constant boiling point, and uses thereof.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Hydrofluorocarbon-based compositions are of interest for use
as replacements for chlorofluorocarbon ("CFC") and/or
hydrochlorofluorocarbon ("HCFC") compositions, which tend to be
environmentally undesirable. In particular, applicants have
recognized that compositions comprising mixtures of
hydrofluorocarbon ("HFC") and non-HFC fluids are of interest for
use in a wide range of applications, including for use as
propellants in aerosol or other sprayable compositions.
Unfortunately, applicants have further identified a number of
disadvantages associated with adapting typical HFC/non-HFC mixtures
for use in aerosols.
[0004] One disadvantage associated with the use of typical
HFC/non-HFC mixtures in aerosols is that different HFC/non-HFC
mixtures, including those which comprise the same components but
differ, even slightly in the relative concentrations thereof, tend
to form sprayable products having vastly different properties. For
example, an important property of aerosols and other pressurized,
sprayable products is the nature of the spray itself. Sprays may be
characterized, for example, as "mists" versus "streams" or as "dry"
versus "wet". The spray characteristics of an aerosol are
determined by several factors but one of the most important is
pressure. It is well known in the art that changes in the pressure
of an aerosol or other sprayable product can significantly alter
spray properties. For example, higher pressures will generally
yield more mist-like sprays while lower pressures will yield more
stream-like sprays. The pressure of a typical aerosol is a function
of the amount and type of propellant in the formulation and the
amount and type of solvent or solvents in the formulation. The
incorporation of a higher-boiling, hence lower-pressure, solvent
into a formulation will tend to lower the pressure of the finished
product while the incorporation of a lower-boiling, hence
higher-pressure, solvent will tend to raise the pressure of the
finished product.
[0005] Unfortunately, as is known in the art, HFC/non-HFC mixtures
tend to undergo a significant change in boiling point for a
relatively small change in the relative concentrations of the
HFC/non-HFC constituents in the mixture. Consequently, slightly
different HFC/non-HFC mixtures result in sprayable compositions
having significantly different spray characteristics. Thus, even
where one particular combination of two or more HFC/non-HFC
solvents is deemed suitable for use in a given spray application,
other combinations of the same two or more HFC/non-HFC solvents,
which differ only slightly in the relative concentrations of the
HFC/non-HFC solvents, may be unsuitable for the same
application.
[0006] Applicants have come to appreciate that mixtures of two or
more HFC and non-HFC solvents having relatively constant boiling
points and vapor pressures, that is, boiling points and vapor
pressures that change by a relatively small degree as the relative
concentration of the mixture constituents changes, are desirable.
In the manufacture of such mixtures, the relatively constant
boiling point/vapor pressures would allow a wider range of
compositions to be used for a given spray application.
Unfortunately, HFC/non-HFC mixtures having such relatively constant
boiling point and vapor pressure properties are not only uncommon,
but also unpredictable.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0007] The present invention overcomes the aforementioned
shortcomings by providing for HFC compositions that exhibit
relatively constant boiling point and vapor pressure
characteristics. Specifically, the applicants have identified
relatively-constant-boiling-point compositions comprising
1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane ("HFC-245fa"), a second component
selected from the group consisting of
1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane ("HFC-4310"), perfluorobutyl
methyl ether ("HFE-449") and combinations of these, and a third
component selected from the group consisting of methanol,
1,2-trans-dichloroethylene ("Trans") and combinations of these.
[0008] As used herein, the term "relatively-constant-boiling-point
composition" (or "RCPB composition" for short) refers to a
composition comprising two or more constituents and having a
boiling point which (1) lies between the highest and lowest boiling
points of the individual constituents, and (2) changes less than
one would expect for a given change in relative concentration of
the constituents. With respect to the first boiling point
characteristic, since the boiling point of the composition is
between the highest and the lowest boiling point of its individual
constituents, it is not an azeotrope. (It should be understood that
a composition which is not an azeotrope may still be
azeotrope-like.) As a non-azeotrope composition, the RCBP
composition of the present invention, during boiling, undergoes a
change in the relative concentration of the constituents as the
more volatile components of the composition are vaporized. With
respect to the second boiling point characteristic, while the
boiling points of azeotrope compositions are by their very nature
unpredictable, conventional wisdom suggests that the boiling point
of a non-azeotropic composition can be predicted based on the
boiling points of the constiuents and their relative concentration
in the composition. The applicants have discovered unexpectedly,
however, that for a given change in the relative concentration of
the constiutents, RCBP compositions exhibit a boiling point change
less than would be expected using known predictive techniques.
[0009] For most conventional non-azeotropic compositions, those of
skill in the art can calculate an expected change in boiling point
by using one of a number of known techniques. Perhaps the most
common approach is by using the Regular Solution Model (as
illustrated in Prausnitz, Lichtenthaler, Azevedo "Molecular
Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria", Prentice-Hall, Inc.
(second edition), pp. 279-290 and Barton, "CRC Handbook of
Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters", CRC Press,
Inc. (Fourth Printing 1988), pp.27-35, both of which are
incorporated herein by reference). Another common approach to
predicting the expected boiling point curve for a range of
compositions is by using the Wilson Model (illustrated in Acree,
Jr., "Thermodynamic Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions",
Academic Press (1984) 90-97, 180-189, which is incorporated by
reference). For purposes of explanation and simplicity, any
reference herein to "expected" boiling points, changes therein, or
data therefor can be assumed to be calculated using the Regular
Solution Model or the Wilson Model unless otherwise stated.
[0010] The Regular Solution Model is used conventionally to predict
the boiling point curve for a "regular solution" composition as the
relative concentration of the constituents (e.g. constituents A and
B) change. By inputting characteristic data specific to the pure
compositions of A and B, the Regular Solution Model equations
provide a relatively quick method for predicting the expected
boiling points for a composition having varying relative
concentrations of constituents A and B--that is, the boiling points
for the composition comprising from 100 wt. % A/0 wt. % B to 0 wt.
% A/100 wt. % B. (All weight percents reported herein are based on
total weight of the composition unless otherwise specified.) As is
generally expected, the boiling point curve of a range of
compositions that act as a regular solution tends to have a
significantly positive slope, indicating that the compositions
across that range will exhibit significant liquid compositional
changes upon boiling or evaporation. Upon measuring experimentally
and plotting the actual boiling curve for a composition having
varying relative concentrations of constituents A and B, where the
experimental data substantially corresponds to the predicted curve,
the compositions are "regular solutions". However, where a
composition exhibits an actual boiling point curve that deviates
from the regular solution model via a less positive slope (a
flatter slope or a slope closer to zero), the composition within
that range will tend to exhibit relatively less significant, and
often only minor, changes in boiling points as the relative
concentration of the constituents changes. Such compositions
comprise relatively-constant-boiling-point compositions according
to the present invention.
[0011] The Wilson Model is a mathematical model used conventionally
to predict the boiling points for a composition having varying
relative concentrations of constituents A and B, that may or may
not behave as a regular solution. The Wilson Model differs, at
least in part, from the Regular Solution Model in that the Wilson
Model allows the user to input not only the characteristic data of
pure A and pure B components, but also, any characteristic data
already known or measured for mixtures of A and B. Thus, where a
user is provided with, or is otherwise aware of, characteristic
data associated with some of the mixtures of A and B having
relative concentrations of constituents A and B between pure A and
pure B, such data can be incorporated into the Wilson Model, along
with the data associated with pure A and pure B, to afford an
approximation of the boiling point for any composition having
varying relative concentrations of constituents A and B. Because
the Wilson Model allows for the incorporation of more known data
points than the Regular Solution Model, the curves predicted by
Wilson tend to be closer to the actual measured curve than the
Regular Solution Model. Accordingly, upon measuring experimentally
and plotting the boiling points of the mixtures of A and B, those
of skill in the art would expect the resulting graph to resemble,
and have a slope similar to, a graph of the boiling points
predicted by the Wilson Model. However, applicants have discovered
that certain compositions exhibit an actual boiling point curve
that deviates even from the Wilson Model via a less positive slope
(a flatter slope or a slope closer to zero) then would be expected.
Such compositions comprise RCPB compositions for the purposes of
the present invention.
[0012] Applicants have come to appreciate unexpectedly that the
HFC-245fa-based compositions of the present invention comprise RCBP
compositions. Specifically, applicants have determined that the
experimentally measured boiling point curve for the compositions of
the present invention has a slope which is unexpectedly and
significantly flatter than the slope of the boiling point curves
predicted using either the Regular Solution Model or the Wilson
Model as described above.
[0013] By way of example, applicants have evaluated the boiling
points and boiling point slopes of compositions of the present
invention by providing mixtures of HFC-245fa and a second component
selected from HFC-4310, HFE-449, and mixtures thereof, and adding
small amounts of a third component selected from methanol, Trans,
and mixtures thereof, to the provided mixture. After each addition
of third component, the boiling point of the composition was
measured. A plot of the measured boiling point temperature (y-axis)
as a function of the weight percent of third component in the
composition (x-axis) gives a plot having a slope which is
significantly flatter than the slope of the predicted plot.
[0014] According to certain preferred embodiments, the slope of the
boiling point curve for compositions of the present invention is
about 1.25 degree per 10 wt. % of third component, or less.
Preferably, the slope is about 1 degree per 10 wt. % of third
component, or less, more preferably about 0.8 degree per 10 wt. %
of third component, or less, even more preferably about 0.7 degree
per 10 wt. % of third component, or less, and still even more
preferably about 0.6 degree per 10 wt. % of third component, or
less.
[0015] In preferred embodiments, the boiling point for compositions
of the present invention is relatively constant. According to
certain preferred embodiments, the compositions of the present
invention have a boiling point of about 22.degree. C. 17.degree. C.
at 14.7 psia, more preferably about 23.degree. C. 15.degree. C. at
14.7 psia, even more preferably about 23.degree. C. .+-.4.degree.
C. at 14.7 psia, and in certain even more preferred embodiments,
23.degree. C. 13.degree. C. at 14.7 psia. In certain other
preferred embodiments, the compositions of the present invention
have a boiling point of 20.degree. C. 15.degree. C. at 14.7
psia.
[0016] The compositions of the present invention comprise, and,
according to certain preferred embodiments, consist essentially of,
HFC-245fa, a second component selected from the group consisting of
HFC-4310, HFE-449, and combinations of these, and a third component
selected from the group consisting of methanol, Trans, and
combinations of these.
[0017] Pentafluoropropane/decafluoropropane/methanol
[0018] One embodiment of the present invention provides
compositions comprising, and preferably consisting essentially of,
HFC-245fa, HFC-4310, and methanol. Preferably, these embodiments
provide compositions comprising, and preferably consisting
essentially of, from about 37 to about 75 weight percent HFC-245fa,
from about 3 to about 60 weight percent HFC-4310, and from about 1
to about 60 weight percent methanol.
[0019] The preferred, more preferred, and most preferred
compositions of this embodiment are set forth in Table 1. The
numerical ranges in Table 1 are to be understood to be prefaced by
the term "about".
1 TABLE 1 Preferred More Preferred Most Preferred Components (pbw)
(pbw) (pbw) HFC-245fa 37-75 40-70 40-65 HFC-4310 60-3 10-50 20-40
Methanol 60-1 5-50 10-40
[0020]
Pentafluoropropane/decafluoropropane/1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
[0021] Another embodiment of the present invention provides
compositions comprising, and preferably consisting essentially of,
HFC-245fa, HFC-4310, and Trans. Preferably, these embodiments
provide compositions comprising, and preferably consisting
essentially of, from about 25 to about 75 weight percent HFC-245fa,
from about 15 to about 60 weight percent HFC-4310, and from about 1
to about 60 weight percent Trans.
[0022] The preferred, more preferred, and most preferred
compositions of this embodiment are set forth in Table 2. The
numerical ranges in Table 2 are to be understood to be prefaced by
the term "about".
2TABLE 2 Preferred More Preferred Most Preferred Components (pbw)
(pbw) (pbw) HFC-245fa 25-75 25-70 25-65 HFC-4310 60-15 25-50 35-45
1,2-Trans- 60-1 5-50 10-40 dichloroethylene
[0023] Pentafluoropropane/Perfluorobutyl Methyl Ether/methanol
[0024] Another embodiment of the present invention provides
compositions comprising, and preferably consisting essentially of,
HFC-245fa, HFE-449, and methanol. Preferably, these embodiments
provide compositions comprising, and preferably consisting
essentially of, from about 37 to about 75 weight percent HFC-245fa,
from about 3 to about 60 weight percent HFE-449, and from about 1
to about 60 weight percent methanol.
[0025] The preferred, more preferred, and most preferred
compositions of this embodiment are set forth in Table 3. The
numerical ranges in Table 3 are to be understood to be prefaced by
the term "about".
3 TABLE 3 Preferred More Preferred Most Preferred Components (pbw)
(pbw) (pbw) HFC-245fa 37-75 40-70 40-65 HFE-449 60-3 10-50 20-40
Methanol 60-1 5-50 10-40
[0026] Pentafluoropropane/Perfluorobutyl Methyl
Ether/1,2-trans-dichloroet- hylene
[0027] Another embodiment of the present invention provides
compositions comprising, and preferably consisting essentially of,
pentafluoropropane, preferably HFC-245fa, HFE-449, and Trans.
Preferably, these embodiments provide compositions comprising, and
preferably consisting essentially of, from about 25 to about 75
weight percent HFC-245fa, from about 15 to about 60 weight percent
HFE-449, and from about 1 to about 60 weight percent Trans.
[0028] The preferred, more preferred, and most preferred
compositions of this embodiment are set forth in Table 4. The
numerical ranges in Table 4 are to be understood to be prefaced by
the term "about".
4TABLE 4 Preferred More Preferred Most Preferred Components (pbw)
(pbw) (pbw) HFC-245fa 25-75 25-70 25-65 HFE-449 60-15 25-50 35-45
1,2-Trans- 60-1 5-50 10-40 dichloroethylene
[0029] Uses of the Compositions
[0030] The present compositions have utility in a wide range of
applications. For example, one embodiment of the present invention
relates to the use of the present compositions as
propellants/solvents in sprayable compositions. In general,
sprayable-type compositions comprise a material to be sprayed and a
propellant/solvent or mixture of propellant solvents. For the
sprayable compositions to be useful, it is necessary that the
material to be sprayed be relatively or substantially soluble in
the propellant/solvents to be used. While many HFCs alone, such as
HFC-245fa, tend to be poor solvents, applicants have recognized
that the compositions of the present invention exhibit relatively
high solubility, while also remaining non-flammable.
[0031] Any of a wide range of sprayable materials can be used in
conjunction with the compositions of the present invention to
produce a sprayable composition. Examples of suitable materials
include, without limitation, oils and other lubricants, such as
mineral oil, release agents such as silicone oils
(polydimethylsiloxanes), coatings, such as acrylics, cleaners,
polishing agents, medicinal materials, such as, anti-asthma and
anti-halitosis medicines, as well as, cosmetic materials, such as,
deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, and the like.
[0032] The sprayable compositions of the present invention may
further comprise any of a wide range of inert ingredients,
additional solvents, and other materials used conventionally in
sprayable compositions.
[0033] In still other embodiments, the present invention provides
foamable compositions, and preferably polyurethane and
polyisocyanurate foam compositions, and methods of preparing foams.
In such foam embodiments, at least one of the present compositions
are included as a blowing agent in a foamable composition. This
composition preferably includes one or more additional components
capable of reacting and foaming under the proper conditions to form
a foam or cellular structure as is well known in the art.
[0034] The present invention also provides for a method of
preparing a foamable composition. Any of the methods well known in
the art, such as those described in "Polyurethanes Chemistry and
Technology," Volumes I and II, Saunders and Frisch, 1962, John
Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., which is incorporated herein by
reference, may be used or adapted for use in accordance with the
foam embodiments of the present invention. In general, such methods
comprise preparing polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams by
combining an isocyanate, a polyol or mixture of polyols, a blowing
agent or mixture of blowing agents comprising one or more of the
present compositions, and other materials such as catalysts,
surfactants, and optionally, flame retardants, colorants, or other
additives. It is convenient in many applications to provide the
components for polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams in
pre-blended formulations. Most typically, the foam formulation is.
pre-blended into two components. The isocyanate and optionally
certain surfactants and blowing agents comprise the first
component, commonly referred to as the "A" component. The polyol or
polyol mixture, surfactant, catalysts, blowing agents, flame
retardant, and other isocyanate reactive components comprise the
second component, commonly referred to as the "B" component.
Accordingly, polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams are readily
prepared by bringing together the A and B side components either by
hand mix for small preparations or by machine mix techniques for
larger formulations to form blocks, slabs, laminates, pour-in-place
panels and other items, spray applied foams, froths, and the like.
Optionally, other ingredients such as fire retardants, colorants,
auxiliary blowing agents, and even other polyols can be added as a
third stream to the mix head or reaction site. Most conveniently,
however, they are all incorporated into one B-component as
described above.
[0035] The invention also relates to foam, and preferably closed
cell foam, prepared from a polymer foam formulation containing a
blowing agent comprising the composition of the invention.
[0036] In other embodiments, the compositions of the present
invention are used as refrigerants in any of a wide variety of
refrigeration systems. In certain preferred embodiments, the
compositions of the present invention may be used in refrigeration
systems containing a lubricant used conventionally with
CFC-refrigerants, such as mineral oils, silicone oils, and the
like. While HFC-containing refrigerants tend to be poorly soluble
with conventional refrigeration lubricants, and therefore tend to
be incompatible with such lubricants, applicants have recognized
that the relative solubility of the present compositions makes them
suitable, and in some cases, ideal candidates for use with
conventional lubricants. In addition, the relatively constant
boiling nature of the compositions of the present invention makes
them even more desirable for use as refrigerants in many
applications.
[0037] Additional components may be added to tailor the properties
of the compositions of the invention as needed. By way of example,
oil solubility aids may be added in the case in which the
compositions of the invention are used as refrigerants. Stabilizers
and other materials may also be added to enhance the properties of
the compositions of the invention.
EXAMPLES
[0038] The present invention is further illustrated by the
following, non-limiting Examples.
Example 1
[0039] Four samples (A, B, C, and D) comprising HFC-245fa and
HFC-4310 in the amounts shown in Table 5 are prepared and each
sample is separately charged into an ebulliometer consisting of a
vacuum-jacketed tube having a condenser on top. Methanol is added
to each sample in small, measured increments. The temperature of
each sample is recorded as a function of the methanol added. When
sufficient methanol is added to a sample such that the resulting
ternary compositions are within the ranges of the present
invention, the boiling points of the compositions stay in the range
of about 22.degree. C. plus or minus 7.degree. C., and more
specifically in the range of about 20.degree. C. plus or minus
5.degree. C. Table 6 shows the various ternary mixtures tested and
the boiling points measured therefor.
5 TABLE 5 Sample A B C D Wt. % HFC-245 95 90 60 40 Wt. % HFC- 5 10
40 60 4310
[0040]
6 TABLE 6 wt % 245fa wt % 4310 wt % MeOH Boiling Pt., .degree. C.
95.0 5.0 0.0 15.2 92.8 4.9 2.3 15.0 91.2 4.8 4.0 15.1 85.8 4.5 9.7
15.7 76.4 4.0 19.6 15.6 65.7 3.5 30.8 15.8 56.4 3.0 40.6 16.5 47.1
2.5 50.4 21.3 36.1 1.9 62.0 22.6 90.0 10.0 0.0 17.7 87.5 9.7 2.8
17.5 86.0 9.6 4.4 17.8 80.7 9.0 10.3 18.1 71.8 8.0 20.2 18.2 62.6
7.0 30.4 18.4 54.0 6.0 40.0 19.3 44.7 5.0 50.3 23.8 60.0 40.0 0.0
18.4 58.7 39.1 2.2 18.1 57.1 38.1 4.8 17.9 53.9 36.0 10.1 17.8 47.9
32.0 20.1 20.7 42.2 28.2 29.6 20.7 36.0 24.0 40.0 21.0 29.6 19.8
50.6 22.1 26.7 17.8 55.5 26.0 25.9 17.3 56.8 29.2 40.0 60.0 0.0
23.2 58.7 39.2 2.1 23.2 57.2 38.2 4.6 22.8 54.4 36.3 9.3 22.7 48.3
32.2 19.5 24.6 41.0 27.3 31.7 24.7 35.7 23.8 40.5 25.2 29.9 20.0
50.1 24.9 28.7 19.1 52.2 25.0
Example 2
[0041] Each of four samples (A, B, C, and D as prepared in Example
1) is separately charged into an ebulliometer consisting of a
vacuumjacketed tube having a condenser on top.
1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene is added to each sample in small,
measured increments. The temperature of each sample is recorded as
a function of the Trans added. When sufficient Trans is added to a
sample such that the resulting ternary compositions are within the
ranges of the present invention, the boiling points of the
compositions stay in the range of about 23.degree. C. plus or minus
5.degree. C., and more specifically between about 18 and about
25.degree. C. Table 7 shows the various ternary mixtures tested and
the boiling points measured therefor.
7 TABLE 7 wt % 245fa wt % 4310 wt % trans Boiling Pt., C. 95.0 5.0
0 15.2 94.1 5.0 0.9 15.9 93.2 4.9 1.9 14.9 92.3 4.9 2.8 14.8 90.7
4.8 4.5 14.8 85.3 4.5 10.2 14.7 75.7 4.0 20.3 14.9 65.8 3.5 30.7
15.2 56.2 3.0 40.8 15.5 46.8 2.5 50.7 15.8 38.9 2.0 59.1 16.2 90 10
0 17.2 89.2 9.9 0.9 17.2 88.4 9.8 1.8 17.1 85.3 9.5 5.2 17 81.1 9.0
9.9 17 72.2 8.0 19.8 17.4 63.8 7.1 29.1 17.8 54.0 6.0 40 18 44.3
4.9 50.8 18.4 34.4 3.8 61.8 19.4 60 40 0 19.1 58.4 39.0 2.6 18.7
56.0 37.4 6.6 18.6 53.6 35.8 10.6 18.6 48.0 32.0 20 18.9 41.8 27.8
30.4 19.4 35.6 23.7 40.7 20.2 29.9 20.0 50.1 20.6 25.8 17.2 57 21.1
40 60 0 22.3 39.0 58.5 2.5 22.2 37.1 55.7 7.2 21.9 35.7 53.6 10.7
21.9 32.0 48.1 19.9 22.2 28.2 42.2 29.6 22.7 24.2 36.3 39.5 22.9
19.8 29.7 50.5 23.8 15.6 23.3 61.1 25.2
Example 3
[0042] An ebulliometer consisting of a vacuum-jacketed tube having
a condenser on top is charged with about 5 grams of a 5 wt %
E-449/95 wt % HFC-245fa mixture. Methanol is added to the mixture
in small, measured increments. The temperature is recorded as a
function of the methanol added. When sufficient methanol is added
such that the entire mixture comprises from about 35 to about 60
weight percent of methanol, the boiling point of the composition
stays in the range of about 22.degree. C. plus or minus 7.degree.
C., more specifically between about 20.degree. C. plus or minus
5.degree. C. Similarly, the various ternary mixtures shown in Table
8 are measured in this manner and the boiling point remains in the
range of about 22.degree. C. plus or minus 7.degree. C.
8TABLE 8 wt % 245fa wt % E-449 wt % methanol Boiling Pt., C. 95.0
5.0 0 15.4 93.3 4.9 1.8 15.1 90.2 4.7 5.1 15.7 85.3 4.5 10.2 16.3
76.0 4.0 20 16.6 66.2 3.5 30.3 16.9 57.2 3.0 39.8 20.4 48.2 2.5
49.3 23.2 38.1 2.0 59.9 22.4 36.4 1.9 61.7 22.3
* * * * *