U.S. patent application number 10/056918 was filed with the patent office on 2003-07-31 for paperboard container having in-fold panel engaged between expanding walls during erection.
Invention is credited to Sheffer, Phil B..
Application Number | 20030141356 10/056918 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27609346 |
Filed Date | 2003-07-31 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030141356 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sheffer, Phil B. |
July 31, 2003 |
Paperboard container having in-fold panel engaged between expanding
walls during erection
Abstract
A container of paperboard, corrugated craft paper or the like is
provided with one or more walls that moves inwardly with erection
of the container and bears against an in-fold flap of an adjacent
wall, to square up and reinforce the container. In one arrangement,
two opposite hollow walls of a rectilinear container expand
inwardly against two inner in-fold flaps, during folding of outer
in-fold flaps associated with the two hollow walls, into a position
in the plane of the container bottom. Embodiments are disclosed
with variations including multiple plies, center dividers, integral
lid panels and tear-outs. The container preferably is produced in a
knocked down flat shape with four sidewalls folded flat on one
another. The container is erected into a rectangular shape by
pressing its diagonally opposite corners toward one another. The
inner in-fold flaps first are folded up into the plane of the
container bottom, which can be done with ample clearance because
the adjacent hollow walls are at first flat and retracted. The
outer in-fold flaps have a parallelogram connection with the inner
and outer panels of the hollow walls, causing the inner one of the
panels to move inwardly against the inner in-fold flaps,
eliminating the clearance as the outer in-fold flaps are rotated
into the plane of the container bottom.
Inventors: |
Sheffer, Phil B.;
(Thomasville, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DUANE MORRIS, LLP
ATTN: WILLIAM H. MURRAY
ONE LIBERTY PLACE
1650 MARKET STREET
PHILADELPHIA
PA
19103-7396
US
|
Family ID: |
27609346 |
Appl. No.: |
10/056918 |
Filed: |
January 25, 2002 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
229/164 ;
229/167; 229/185.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D 5/16 20130101; B65D
5/0281 20130101; B65D 5/3621 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
229/164 ;
229/167; 229/185.1 |
International
Class: |
B65D 005/02 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A container, comprising: a wall panel made of sheet material,
bounding an inner volume of the container, wherein said wall panel
is movably expandable into the inner volume of the container during
a phase of erection of the container; an inside flap made of sheet
material, arranged substantially perpendicular to the panel
bounding the inner volume, the inside flap extending across at
least part of the inner volume; wherein the inside flap initially
has clearance relative to the wall panel for insertion of the
inside flap, and the wall panel is movable to engage against the
inside flap after insertion of the inside panel.
2. The container of claim 1, wherein the inside flap is integrally
coupled to a further wall panel adjacent to said wall panel that is
movably expandable.
3. The container of claim 2, comprising a pair of opposite said
wall panels, each being movably expandable into the inner volume,
and a pair of opposite said inside flaps, each being coupled to one
of two said further wall panels that extend between the opposite
said wall panels.
4. The container of claim 1, wherein the wall panel is an inner
panel of a hollow wall further comprising an outer panel a top
ledge and an in-fold flap.
5. The container of claim 4, wherein the in-fold flap is an outer
in-fold flap, and wherein the outer in-fold flap, the inner and
outer panels and the top ledge form a collapsed parallelogram that
is opened by folding-in the outer in-fold flap.
6. The container of claim 5, wherein the inner panel is an integral
extension of at top edge of a sidewall of the container, the outer
in-fold flap is an integral extension at a bottom edge of said
sidewall, and the inner in-fold flap is an integral extension at a
bottom of an adjacent sidewall of the container.
7. A container made of sheet material, comprising: a plurality of
wall panels connected along corner folds, the wall panels including
two pairs of opposite spaced wall panels, one of said two pairs
being front and rear wall panels, and the other of said two pairs
being opposite spaced end wall panels perpendicular to the front
and rear wall panels; two sets of opposite in-fold flaps coupled
respectively to an edge of one of the pairs of opposite spaced wall
panels, one of said sets of in-fold flaps being outer in-fold flaps
and the other of said sets being inner in-fold flaps, the inner
in-fold flaps being foldable into a position between inner surfaces
of the other of the pairs of opposite spaced wall panels; wherein
said other of the pairs of opposite spaced wall panels comprises
two spaced panels forming part of a parallelogram with the outer
in-fold flaps, whereby folding-in of the outer in-fold flaps
separates the two spaced panels to provide an inwardly expanding
hollow wall, and wherein an inner surface of the hollow wall bears
against the inner in-fold flaps.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention relates to a paperboard, corrugated craft or
similarly constituted carton or container, preferably comprising an
integral one piece blank having contiguous panels that are folded
and/or glued for handling while knocked down flat. The container
erects into a rectilinear box. In addition to front, rear and end
wall panels, the container has one or more adjacent in-fold panels
that close over at least one face, preferably the bottom. An
exemplary embodiment for stacking is disclosed, that erects with
hollow walls on two sides, each having a wide top edge, and
otherwise is open across the top.
[0003] According to an inventive aspect, at least one wall
(preferably each of two spaced walls) expands from a flattened to a
hollow configuration during erection of the container, thereby
reducing a span between two opposed container walls. This can be
accomplished in association with erecting in-fold flaps on the
hollow wall panels. Additionally, an in-fold flap is provided on
one or both ends perpendicular to the hollow walls. This latter
in-fold flap (or pair of flaps) is dimensioned to bear against the
opposed hollow walls, at the limit of their expansion. This
positively squares the erected container.
[0004] 2. Prior Art
[0005] Corrugated and paperboard cartons, containers, and trays can
be made in flat collapsed structures that handled in stacks, and
are erected individually shortly before each container is filled
with goods. A set of attached panels that are eventually erected to
form the container can be cut integrally from a single sheet of
stock, with the lines at which the panels are joined being crimped
or perforated or scored to permit folding, usually at right
angles.
[0006] The dimensions of such containers are widely variable.
Typically the container is shaped as a rectilinear box. Four panels
that will form the side walls, for example, are delineated by three
or four folds on spaced parallel lines. The free ends are
overlapped along a line parallel to the fold and are glued, often
but not necessarily near a corner.
[0007] The four side wall panels (which might also be considered
the front, back and end wall panels) typically have in-fold flaps
on their top and bottom edges. Each fold-in flap is joined to one
of the side panels (front, rear or end). Each of the side wall
panels can have a fold-in flap at one or both of its top and/or
bottom edge. The fold-in flaps are joined to the wall panels on
fold lines that are perpendicular to the lines between adjacent
sidewalls.
[0008] Each of the foregoing folds, whether oriented to vertical or
horizontal, typically is folded to a right angle. The result is a
set of spaced parallel closed or closeable walls that for a closed
container will together define six attached mutually perpendicular
and spaced parallel panels. These are a front panel and a parallel
back panel spaced from the front, two spaced parallel opposite end
panels, and a top and a bottom.
[0009] In a so-called regular slotted carton ("RSC") configuration,
the in-fold flaps on opposite walls can each form half of the
associated wall structure between the opposite walls. For example
flaps attached to the front and back can each form half of the top
or bottom. The ends of the opposite flaps abut edge-to-edge,
usually along the midline of the container. The opposite flaps can
be affixed by a strip of tape along the midline of the container.
Usually the top and bottom have similar structures, but it is also
possible (and is an aspect of the present invention) that one of
the walls (normally the top) is open, and the material that might
have been used for in-fold flaps is otherwise employed, e.g., to
provide a distinct structure facilitating stacking.
[0010] It is possible to tape either end of such opposite in-fold
flaps of the front and back, to the adjacent end wall panels as
well. Typically, the end wall panels also have in-fold flaps. The
typical end wall in-fold flaps overlap the in-fold flaps of their
adjacent front and rear walls. The in-fold panels of the end walls
could be made long enough to meet at a midline of the container
(perpendicular to the midline between the front and back walls).
Generally the end in-fold flaps are shorter and serve to close any
space between the front and rear in-fold flaps versus the two end
walls.
[0011] A reinforced container could have any combination of
attachments between the in-fold flaps or between particular in-fold
flaps and the opposite in-fold flap and/or the adjacent wall. For
example, each in-fold flap could extend to the midline and be taped
to its opposite counterpart. Either of the front/back or the end
in-fold flaps could be on the inside or outside of the other. The
overlapping flaps can be glued or stapled together, taped to the
adjacent container walls, etc. Normally it is not necessary and is
unduly expensive to provide multiple attached layers and redundant
structural connections. The object is to provide a sufficient
container structure at the minimum cost required to achieve
particular packing and shipping needs.
[0012] It will be appreciated that the panels of a container have a
number of functions, not the least being to structurally support
the container against collapse. For this purpose, the panels of the
container are integrally connected or are attached by fasteners,
glue or tape, etc. Additionally, to some extent the in-fold flaps
hold the shape of the container because they fit between the other
walls and are in position to block collapse of the container in
certain ways. This function is limited by the degree to which there
are clearance gaps between the respective structural parts of the
container.
[0013] Assuming that the container bottom, for example, has in-fold
flaps hinged on the container end walls and front/back walls, one
set of in-fold flaps is outside, and usually is taped, whereas the
other set is inside the first set. The inside set of in-fold flaps
(usually the flaps on the end walls) reside between the adjacent
spaced side walls (usually the front and back walls) having the
outer in-fold.
[0014] The inner in-fold flaps typically are sized and shaped to
form rectangles that substantially occupy the inside of the bottom
of the container when in its correct nominal shape. As a result,
the in-fold flaps provide structural support in some instances to
maintain the container shape under the influence of force. For
example, if a container is dropped diagonally onto a bottom corner,
there is a resulting force tending to collapse the container
diagonally. A compression force is exerted between diagonally
opposite bottom corners of the container, and urges the container
to deform from a rectangle in plan view to a parallelogram in plan
view. Such deformation is resisted by the in-fold flaps, which were
placed and possibly affixed to one another when the container was
erected.
[0015] An outer set of opposite in-fold flaps typically extend from
the front and back walls, at least on the container bottom, and are
taped together along the midline of the bottom. When the edges of
these in-fold flaps are abutted and taped, they together define a
rectangular shape for the bottom covering panel, attached at least
to the front and back wall. The bottom covering panel might resist
collapse under diagonal compression force between the corners,
except for the fact that there must be some space or clearance left
between the edges of the flaps, bridged by the flexible tape, to
allow for various tolerances. As a result, the container will admit
of some deformation from a precise rectilinear shape toward a
parallelogram shape, causing flexing of the midline tape, before
the in-fold flaps are caught between and compressed between the
opposite container walls (the front and back walls).
[0016] There is a comparable clearance or looseness issue
associated with the inner set of in-fold flaps. These inner in-fold
flaps, usually being the flaps on the end walls of the container,
form an inner set of two opposite flaps aligned perpendicular to
the outer set. Typically, there is a substantial space between the
edges of the end wall in-fold flaps, which are not taped together
and may simply rest on the container bottom.
[0017] The end wall in-fold flaps (namely the inner in-fold flaps)
are rectangular, and correspond generally to the nominal
rectangular shape of the container bottom between the front and
back container walls. If the container is deformed toward a
parallelogram, the vertical folds between the ends and the front
and back sidewalls define pivot axes. The diagonally opposite
corners are deformed from right angles to acute or obtuse angles.
The front and rear container walls are displaced toward one another
with parallelogram deformation. The end wall inner in-fold flaps
are in position between such walls. The in-fold flaps resist
compression along their plane. However, there is clearance that
permits some displacement before the end wall in-fold flaps come
into play to resist compression. This clearance is between the
lateral edges of the end wall in-fold flaps and the inside surfaces
of the container front wall and rear wall, respectively.
[0018] It is not routinely possible to eliminate clearance between
the in-fold flaps and the inside surfaces of the two adjacent
walls. It would be conceivable to employ very precise manufacturing
processes to produce inner in-fold flaps that are exactly the
correct width (i.e., exactly the nominal space between the inside
surfaces of correctly constructed front and rear walls), and are
exactly placed at the correct position on the end wall relative to
the front and rear walls and the corners where they connect at a
fold to the end wall. Even if exactly accurate, the result would be
in-fold flaps that have an interference fit with the front and rear
sidewalls. It would be necessary to hold the container exactly in a
rectilinear shape during the process of folding the in-fold flaps
inwardly between the spaced opposite container walls, and to force
the in-fold flaps into place, possibly bending or damaging
them.
[0019] If the lateral width or the position of an edge of the
inside in-fold flap (usually the end wall in-fold flap), is the
least bit beyond the inside surface of the adjacent sidewall, the
in-fold flap will be obstructed and will catch and bend or possibly
even crease. A dog-ear or crease in the in-fold flap is highly
unacceptable. A resulting bend must be pressed out. Not only does
interference with the in-fold flap retard production, but if any
crease has been caused in the in-fold flap, then the compression
resistance of the in-fold flap is substantially and permanently
reduced.
[0020] As a practical matter, in order to facilitate erection of
the container without obstruction to inward folding of the in-fold
flap that will reside between the inside surfaces of the adjacent
walls, the in-fold flap always is made laterally slightly smaller
then the nominal spacing between such inside surfaces. In a typical
shipping container, for example of less than a meter on a side, the
in-fold flaps may typically have as much as 1 cm of clearance on
each side. This clearance gap, like the gap between the taped edges
of the outside in-fold flaps, permits a conventional container to
flex and deform under force, up to a point at which parallelogram
deformation consumes the gap.
[0021] Flexing is generally undesirable in a container and is
particularly undesirable if the container is to bear the weight of
other containers stacked above in tiers. In some containers, which
may or may not be intended for stacking, one of the six usual
rectilinear walls is omitted, for example to provide a container
with an open top or front, etc., for manual access to the contents.
This likewise omits the possibility of in-fold flaps at the open
wall. In stacking or less-than-six walled container structures, it
is desirable to make the container particularly rigid and weight
bearing. It would be advantageous to provide such attributes in a
container of modest complication and expense.
[0022] Containers are supplied in a collapsed or knocked-down-flat
(KDF) state because storage or handling of empty containers is
wasteful of space. KDF containers are partly formed, namely with
the necessary parts cut out and preliminarily assembled. The blank
can be scored or perforated and is folded to subdivided it into
side walls and end walls, usually with at least one seam that is
glued. The container remains flattened until ready to use. The
erector, which might be a person or a mechanism, opens the
flattened container body outwardly by pressing it into a three
dimensional shape. When there is sufficient clearance between the
respective opposite walls, the in-fold flaps are folded inwardly to
occupy the space between the opposite walls.
[0023] It would be advantageous if such erection steps could be
accomplished without requiring a great deal of precision on the
part of a mechanism, or a great deal of attention if the erector is
a person. This normally means providing ample clearance between the
in-fold flaps and the inside surfaces of the opposed walls.
[0024] It would also be advantageous if ample clearance for
erection could be provided in a structure that is rigidly
self-supporting when erected. These are normally inconsistent
objects because for maximum rigidity, it is necessary to provide no
clearance whatsoever.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0025] It is an object of the invention to provide a container
structure wherein inner in-fold flaps are dimensioned substantially
to fill the space between the inside surfaces of adjacent
sidewalls.
[0026] It is also an object to provide such a container structure
wherein the lack of clearance between the in-fold flaps and the
sidewalls does not interfere with container erection.
[0027] These and other objects are provided in a container
according to the invention, which is structured such that during
erection of the container, moving the outer in-fold flaps into
position causes an inward displacement of the inside surfaces of at
least one of the adjacent sidewalls, preferably both opposite
sidewalls. The inside in-fold flaps are folded into place before
the adjacent sidewall surfaces are displaced inwardly to eliminate
clearance provided for receiving the inside in-fold flaps. Thus
container erection is free of problems with interference and the
container need not be held exactly square during erection. When
subsequently folding in the outside in-fold flaps, the inward
displacement of their inside surfaces causes the sidewalls to
engage directly against the inner in-fold flaps. Thus after
erection there is no clearance and no associated slack or
looseness. The result is a strong and rigid container that is apt
for stacking, is readily strong enough for use if desired without
the added support of a lid, and is quick and easy to erect with
minimal attention or using even a relatively imprecise erecting
device. More particularly, a container of paperboard, corrugated
craft paper or the like is provided with opposite hollow walls that
expand inwardly during erection of the container and bear against
in-fold flaps on the adjacent walls, to square up the container. In
an un-erected or semi-erected state, clearance is provided between
the in-fold flaps and the adjacent walls. Such clearance can be
substantial, for example nearly equal to the width of the ledge
atop the hollow side walls.
[0028] The container typically has four wall panels connected along
corner folds, namely a front, a rear, and two spaced ends. Other
specific structures also are possible. In a rectilinear
arrangement, one pair of opposite in-fold is flaps, typically on
the front and rear, are the outer in-fold flaps. The other pair of
in-fold flaps, typically on the container ends, are the inner
in-fold flaps, namely the flaps that fold into a position between
inner surfaces of the adjacent wall panels, e.g., between the
inside surfaces of front and rear walls.
[0029] These front and rear panels are hollow, namely each
comprises two parallel panels. The bottom edges of the parallel
panels are coupled to the outer in-fold flaps, at a space equal to
the thickness of the hollow wall. After the container is first
opened from a knocked down flat shape into a rectangular shape by
erecting it from a collapsed parallelogram, the inner in-fold flaps
are folded between the front and back walls. This operation has
ample clearance because the hollow sidewalls remain in a collapsed
state. When subsequently folding-in the outer in-fold flaps, the
hollow front and back walls each expand in thickness. The parallel
panels of each hollow front and back wall become separated, while
remaining parallel, because these parallel panels are arranged in a
parallelogram with the outer in-fold flap and a top ledge
panel.
[0030] Thickening of the hollow front and back walls thereby occurs
when the bottom in-fold panel and the top ledge panel are brought
into a position perpendicular to their wall panels. The inner
parallel panels move inwardly against the lateral edges of the
inner in-fold flaps. Preferably, the clearance between the inner
perpendicular wall panels and the lateral edges of the inner
in-fold flaps is wholly eliminated, but at least such clearance is
reduced. The inner hollow wall panels, which are necessarily
parallel to the outer hollow wall panels, bear against the inner
in-fold flaps and positively square up the container. The container
is square and strong, yet can be made and assembled quickly and
easily.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] These and other features and advantages of the invention
will be more fully disclosed in or rendered apparent from the
following detailed description of certain preferred embodiments of
the invention, and the accompanying drawings, wherein like numbers
refer to like parts. In the drawings:
[0032] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a cut-out blank for a
paperboard container according to an exemplary embodiment of the
invention.
[0033] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a fully erected open-top
container made from the blank shown in FIG. 1, and having in-fold
panels on the container end walls, engaged the inside surfaces of
sidewalls structured so as to expand inwardly during erection of
the container.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1, showing areas
glued according to an initial step in changing the blank into a
container.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing folding and gluing steps.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a plan view of a knocked down flat (KDF) container
according to the invention.
[0037] FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view showing a corner area
of the container during an initial stage of erection.
[0038] FIG. 7 is a section view of a side wall area taken along
line 7-7 in FIG. 2.
[0039] FIG. 8 is a plan view of a corresponding blank that makes an
alternative embodiment of the inventive container, wherein the
container has an attached lid.
[0040] FIG. 9 is a plan view of another alternative embodiment
having an internal multiple-ply divider, and wherein the
rectangular orientation of the container is changed (i.e., the
shorter ends are the sides having expandable hollow walls).
[0041] FIG. 10 is a plan view of still another example, this time
corresponding to the rectangular orientation and having a divider
as in FIG. 9, and also having a tear-away lid.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0042] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a stackable container 10 is
provided, preferably as an open-top container, having a front wall
14 and a back wall 16, each having in-fold flaps 22, and end walls
25, having in-fold flaps 27. Preferably, all the wall panels 14,
16, 25 and all the in-fold flaps 22, 27 that form the bottom 29 of
the container, are integrally attached portions of a single sheet
32 of sheet material as shown in FIG. 1. However, it is also
possible that certain of the parts can be separate insertable or
attachable parts.
[0043] The container 10 can be of any convenient foldable sheet
material such as paperboard, cardboard, corrugated craft, plastic
sheet, laminate or the like. The container 10 is generally
characterized by parallel spaced opposite wall panels for the front
and back walls 14, 16, and also the opposite end walls 25. The
front/back walls 14, 16 and the end walls 25 are perpendicular to
one another and are adjacent to one another at four right angle
corner vertically elongated folds 35 in the embodiment shown. The
front, back and end walls 14, 16, 25 are also perpendicular to the
respective in-fold flaps or panels 22, 27 once the container 10 has
been erected as shown in FIG. 2, because the in-fold flaps or
panels reside generally across the bottom 29 of the container 10 as
shown. The front/back walls 14, 16 and the end walls 25, are
adjacent to one another across vertical fold lines 35 at each
corner. The in-fold flaps or panels 22, 27 are adjacent to the
front, back and end walls 14, 16, 25, across horizontal fold lines
37 along the bottom edge or periphery of the container as
shown.
[0044] In FIG. 2, the container 10 has been opened from a knocked
down flat state, namely to separate and align the front, back and
end side walls 14, 16, 25. Also the in-fold flaps 22, 27 have been
folded inwardly to a horizontal orientation across the bottom 29 of
container 10. In this way the container 10 is erected and
configured so as to contain goods (not shown). In addition to
coverage across the bottom 29 and around the four walls 22, 25, the
front and back walls 14, 16 are hollow. Specifically, the front and
back walls 14, 16 comprise two panels 42, 44 that are parallel and
are spaced from one another by an edge or shelf panel 46 at the top
edge of the container 10 and by a connection with a bottom in-fold
flap or panel 22 as discussed below.
[0045] The hollow wall front/back wall structure and the horizontal
shelf panel 46 thereby provided along the top edges of the opposite
front and rear walls 14, 16, facilitate stacking of container 10
with other similar containers. The shelf panel 46 provides a
horizontal supporting surface that has a sufficient area to
accommodate an upper container (not shown) that may not be placed
precisely in registry with container 10 below it, provided that the
upper container is stacked sufficiently closely that at least a
part of its bottom aligns with and rests on the top ledge panel 46
on both the front and back of container 10.
[0046] The container 10 can be made from one integral piece of
sheet material 32 as shown in FIG. 3. In the embodiment shown, the
end walls 25 are of double thickness but the two layers of sheet
material are simply folded over layers at a 180-degree fold,
attached face to face. This attachment can be made using fasteners,
adhesive or other means and is represented by in the drawings by
"X" characters showing areas where adhesive could be applied.
[0047] One of the end walls in this embodiment also has a cut-out
52 for manual access to the inside of the container (i.e., an
opening through which one can reach into the container). It should
be appreciated that the cut-out 52 and the double thickness
structures of the end walls 25 are aspects of a preferred
embodiment, but are not strictly required. For example, both end
walls 25 could cover their entire ends without an access opening
52. One or both of the end walls could be a single thickness. A lid
panel or the like (not shown) could be provided over the open top
of the container, for example attached at a fold line along the top
edge of either or both of the end walls. All such variations are
within the scope of the invention. The depicted embodiment,
however, is particularly apt because this preferred structure takes
substantial advantage of the self squaring and structural
reinforced nature of the invention.
[0048] The one-piece cut out blank 32 in FIG. 3 has glue bearing
upper counterparts 62 as shown for each of the end walls 25 and the
front and back walls 14, 16. The upper counterparts 62 of the front
and back walls 14, 16, however, are glued only along strips along
their extreme distal or top edges. These panels 62 will form on
each of the front and back walls 14, 16, the inner one 44 of the
two parallel spaced panels that form each of the front and back
hollow walls 14, 16 shown in FIG. 2. The upper counterparts of the
end walls 25, on the other hand, are glued over their entire
surfaces so that the end walls 25 in the finished container are
multi-layer laminates rather than spaced layers forming a hollow
wall as with front and back walls 14, 16.
[0049] In order to assemble the one piece blank 32 into an
erectable but knocked-down flat container 75, shown in FIG. 5, glue
is applied as shown by the X areas in FIG. 3. The upper
counterparts 62 of the front, back and end walls 14, 16, 25 are
folded down against the main wall panels, which operation is shown
in FIG. 4. This fold is made all along a line 64, that will define
the top horizontal edge of the ultimate erected container shown in
FIG. 2. In addition, a tab panel 66 is provided on one extreme end
in FIG. 4, is also glued and is brought over, overlapped and
adhesively attached to the other extreme end 72, so as to close the
four container walls into a perimeter. The resulting knocked down
flat container 75 is shown in FIG. 5, ready for storage, shipment
or erection for use.
[0050] Referring again to FIG. 3 and the fold-and-glue operation
proceeding from FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the fold line
top edge 64 (corresponding to the upper and outer edge of the front
or back hollow wall of the erected container) is not the fold line
at the upper one 77 of the two closely spaced fold or score lines
77, 79 in each of the front and rear walls, but instead is at the
lower one 79 shown in FIG. 3. The upper fold or score line 77 in
FIG. 3 will become the upper and inner edge of the associated front
or back hollow container wall 14 or 16. The upper fold line 77
becomes the lower of the two adjacent fold lines 77, 79, when the
upward counterparts 62 are folded down and adhesively attached as
in FIG. 4.
[0051] The blank in FIG. 3 also has lower counterparts 82 for each
of the front, back and end wall panels. The lower counterparts 82
become the in-fold flaps 22, 27 that reside at the bottom of the
erected container. In addition to closing over the bottom plane of
the container, the outer in-fold flaps 22 operate to expand the
hollow front and back walls 14, 16 by moving their inner surfaces
inwardly toward the longitudinal midline of the container. The
inner in-fold flaps 27 are engaged by this expansion, thereby
automatically squaring up the container 10, as well as reinforcing
its structure when erected.
[0052] As mentioned above, the fold line 77 at the top of the front
and back walls shown in FIG. 4 (one of the two closely spaced
folds), is the outer top edge of the container front or back wall
14 or 16. The lower one 79 of the fold lines becomes the top inner
edge of the front or back wall 14 or 16. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the
hollow front and back walls 14, 16 are flattened. That is, the
inner panel 62 for each of walls 14, 16 and its associated outer
panel, lay against one another. In this knocked down flat
condition, the top ledge panel 46 is coplanar with the inside panel
of the hollow front or back wall 14, 16.
[0053] The bottom of the hollow front or back wall 14, 16 is
defined by a strip 84 along the outer in-fold flap 22 adjacent to a
fold connection with the outer panel of the front or back wall 14,
16. The outside fold line between the outside panel of the hollow
front or back wall and the associated in-fold panel 22 is obscured
by the inside panel of the hollow front or back wall in FIG. 4, but
is at the level shown by an arrow in both FIGS. 3 and 4.
[0054] As a result of this structure, the glued strip affixing the
extreme edge of the upper counterpart 62 to the outer in-fold flap
22 (i.e., the glue strip at the bottom of the inner panel of wall
14 or 16 as shown in FIG. 4), is moved inboard of the inside panel
of the hollow front or back wall when the outer in-fold flap is
rotated into the plane of the bottom of container 10 together with
the glue strip.
[0055] The glued edge at the top of the front and back inside
hollow wall panel in FIG. 3, might alternatively be folded under in
FIG. 4 and glued on the other side of the edge, for example
manually, but the embodiment shown is apt for assembly in an
automated manner using a fold-and-glue production machine.
Preferably the container of the invention is produced automatically
by a fold-and-glue machine, which machine can optionally be
associated with a die cutting machine whereby sheet material is
processed into knocked down flat containers.
[0056] A run of containers can be produced and stacked on a pallet
or the like (not shown) for storage or shipment in the
knocked-down-flat configuration shown in FIG. 5, which is quite
compact. The lateral outside edges 92 of the knocked down blank
correspond to the diagonally opposite corners of a container 10
when erected. When ready to erect the blank and use the container,
a person or machine presses the opposite edges 92 of the blank
toward one another to force open the container 10 from the
flattened parallelogram state into a rectilinear shape in plan
view. In the process, the acute angle between each end 25 and one
of the sidewalls 14, 16 at edges 92 is increased to a right angle,
and a fold is induced between such end 25 and the other one of the
sidewalls 14, 16. Preferably-scored or weakened fold lines are
provided at the points where the adjacent coplanar panels are
required to fold into a right angle.
[0057] Conventionally, it is necessary to erect such container very
precisely into a rectangular shape and to hold it there while the
in-fold flaps are folded and optionally attached, or alternatively,
the parts can be cut to permit substantial clearance.
Unfortunately, the clearance results in structural weakness and,
unlike the present invention, fails to contribute to squaring up of
the structure. However, according to an inventive aspect the
present container need not be precisely rectilinear, yet sufficient
clearance is provided for the operation, while subsequent steps
during erection and assembly cause the container to square up and
structurally to reinforce itself.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 4, the in-fold flaps 27 depending from the
end walls 25 are laterally smaller than the width of the end wall
27 to which they are attached. When the container is initially
expanded from a flattened parallelogram to an approximate rectangle
(in plan view), so long as the hollow front and back walls 14, 16
remain flattened, the space between the inside surfaces of the
front and back walls 14, 16 is just less than the lateral dimension
of the end wall 25 and is substantially less than the lateral
dimension of the in-fold flap 27 that depends from end wall 25. Due
to the gaps 95 provided on the lateral sides of the end wall
in-fold flap 27, shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6, there is ample
clearance for folding the end wall in-fold flap 27 into position
between the inner surfaces of the front and back walls 14, 16,
namely up to the plane of the bottom inside of the container 10.
Even if the container has not been accurately expanded from a
flattened parallelogram into a rectangle, there is clearance to
fold the flap 27 into position without contact between the flap 27
and either the front and back wall 14, 16 or their in-fold flaps
22, which have not yet been folded in.
[0059] The end wall in-fold flaps 27 are the inner in-fold flaps in
the finished container 10, shown in FIG. 2. That is, the end wall
in-fold flaps 27 reside above the front and back wall in-fold flaps
22. Thus the end wall in-fold flaps 27 fit between the inside
surfaces of the front and rear walls 14, 16. In contrast, the front
and rear wall in-fold flaps 22 cover over the bottom of the
container 10, but are not engaged for structural support with other
parts. Instead, the outer in-fold flaps 22 can be taped together
across their end as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, and/or taped around the
bottom to the end walls 25 (not show) and/or attached by glue or
staples, for example, to the end wall in-fold flaps 27 or to an
inserted panel (not shown), etc.
[0060] According to an inventive aspect, the front and back hollow
walls 14, 16 expand as parallelograms when their in-fold flaps 22
(the outer in-fold flaps) are folded up into position, thereby
moving the inner surfaces of the front and back hollow walls 14, 16
across the gap 95 and against the lateral edges of the end wall
in-fold flaps 27. As shown in FIG. 6, in step "A" the end wall
in-fold flap is first folded up into position. Clearance is
provided due to the gap 95 is along at least one and preferably
both lateral edges of the end wall in-fold flap 27. See also FIG.
7.
[0061] After the end wall in-fold flap 27 is in place between the
inside surfaces of the front and back walls 14, 16, then in step
"B," the front or rear side wall in-fold flap 22 is folded up. The
glued strip 88 at the end of the inner hollow wall panel is affixed
to the front or rear in-fold flap 22, at a point that is spaced
along the in-fold flap 22 by a distance away from the fold 86 at
the lower outside edge of the wall 14 or 16 (i.e., spaced from the
fold between the outer hollow wall panel and the associated in-fold
flap 22). Therefore, as the front or back in-fold flap 22 rotates
around the fold 86 at the lower outside edge of the wall 14 or 16,
the inside hollow wall panel is moved inwardly of the container,
expanding the thickness of the hollow front or back wall, toward
the midline of the container. Specifically, a flattened
parallelogram is opened outwardly, that parallelogram being formed
by the inner and outer hollow wall panels, the top ledge panel and
the strip of the bottom outside in-fold flap that is between the
inner and outer hollow wall panels. The outer or lower in-fold
panel 22 on said front or rear wall can be brought up to horizontal
as shown in FIG. 7 and attached to the corresponding in-fold panel
22 of the opposite side, for example with a strip of adhesive tape
97 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 7.
[0062] This operation, show in a sectional illustration in FIG. 7,
results in the erected container shown in FIG. 2. The container is
self-squaring. The inside in-fold flaps 27 depending from the end
walls, that have the clearance gap 95 described above, are cut
parallel to the midline of the container and to the folds between
the front and back versus end walls. The inside in-fold flaps 27
are dimensioned to have a lateral width that is precisely equal to
the space between the hollow front and rear walls 14, 16, after
such hollow walls have been fully expanded by bringing the outer
in-fold flaps 22 up into position. The inside surfaces of the
expanded hollow walls bear inwardly against the lateral edges of
the inside in-fold flaps. The container is forced to become square
and is held square by the engagement of its parts.
[0063] This structural engagement, which can be as rigid and tight
as desired, is achieved without causing corresponding difficulties
due to lack of clearance between other parts during assembly
(specifically lack of clearance between the lateral edges of he
inside in-fold flap and the inner surfaces of the front and back
walls.
[0064] In this way, the invention enjoys the ease of erection of a
container characterized by gaps that would normally reduce
structural strength, and the structural stiffness of a container
characterized by closely fitting or even stress fitted parts. The
hollow container walls 14, 16 expand inwardly with erection of the
container and bear against in-fold flaps 27 on the adjacent walls,
to square up the container. In an un-erected or semi-erected state,
clearance 95 is provided between the in-fold flaps and the adjacent
walls.
[0065] The container as described has four wall panels connected
along corner folds, which are arbitrarily named as the front, rear,
and ends. These terms and other terms that might denote a direction
(e.g., top, bottom, up, down, etc.) are used only for convenience
in the description while referring to the invention as shown in the
drawings. The invention is also applicable to similarly constructed
containers in other orientations, or wherein the "front" is
arguably on an end or is smaller then the "end" and so forth. The
invention is also applicable to container structures with other
than four rectilinear walls, such as triangular or other polygonal
arrangements, wherein at least one wall panel is arranged to become
displaced due to erection of the container, and to bear against a
part of another panel or similar structure, for reinforcing,
stabilizing or aligning the walls of a container.
[0066] Some examples of additional embodiments that are made
possible according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.
The same reference numbers have been used to identify corresponding
structural parts in these additional embodiments, shown in each
case as one-piece integral blanks. It will be seen that each of the
examples has the same expandable hollow wall for bearing on an
inner in-fold flap as the foregoing examples. According to the
invention, at least one expandable hollow wall and preferably two
opposed hollow walls, expand into engagement with sides of an inner
in-fold flap, thereby squaring and supporting the container. Given
that structure, however, a variety of containers become possible,
and a few examples are shown.
[0067] In FIG. 8, a corresponding blank for the inventive container
is provided, wherein the container when erected has an attached
lid. For this purpose the end walls 25, which in the previous
embodiment had upper extensions that were folded down and glued
face to face on the inner side of end walls 25, now define upper
in-fold flaps 98. The upper in-fold flaps 98 are folded over to
close the top of the container after erection, and can be taped to
one another across their adjacent edges and/or taped to the front
and back hollow walls. Preferably, the top in-fold flaps 98 are
tear-away flaps, being perforated along the fold line with the
adjacent end wall part 25 or along the cutout 52 as shown.
[0068] FIG. 9 is a plan view of another alternative embodiment
having an internal multiple-ply divider, and wherein the
rectangular orientation of the container is changed. In this
embodiment, the shorter width side walls are those with panels
connected to expand with folding of their in-fold flaps up into the
plane of the bottom. The longer width walls carry the inner in-fold
flaps with the gaps 95 on either side, which become occupied by the
expanding adjacent hollow walls as described above, to support and
square the container.
[0069] The embodiment of FIG. 9 also illustrates that the inner
in-fold flap need not be a single part. One or both of the inner
in-fold flaps on opposite sides (in this case the front and back)
can be defined by two flaps 102 (or more), each of which occupies
part of the bottom. The sum of the flaps in the embodiment shown
substantially fills the area available for the bottom, but it
should be appreciated that a shorter in-fold flap, or perhaps an
embodiment with just one in-fold flap that occupies all or only
part of the bottom, also benefits from the squaring and reinforcing
effects of the invention.
[0070] In the embodiment shown, the rear wall is formed in two
parts, each part having an attached flap 102, occupying half of
what would be the rear side wall in the previous embodiments. The
division of the rear side wall into two parts in this manner,
permits an end of the flat blank containing three panels 104, 106,
108, to extend across the middle of the container as a partition.
The glue flap 66 that was placed in a corner of the erected
container in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 8, is placed in the
middle of the rear wall in this embodiment.
[0071] During the fold and glue operations, glue is applied to the
"X" areas in FIG. 9, except that the glue applied to end tab 110 is
applied to the underside of the blank as shown, whereas the other
glue areas are facing the viewer in FIG. 9. In addition to the
fold-and-glue operations discussed above with respect to the
previous embodiments, the upper and lower panels 106, 108 of the
partition, are folded downwardly and upwardly, respectively, to
attach face-wise against the partition panel 104, forming a
multi-ply partition panel. The partition panel is affixed by tab
110 to the opposite side wall (in this case the front wall),
between the cutouts 52.
[0072] In FIG. 9, the front wall and the two-part rear wall are
each formed in two plies by folding down and gluing an upper
extension flap face-wise against the adjacent wall panel. FIG. 10
is a plan view of still another example. In this embodiment, the
front and rear walls are single ply, and the adjacent upper
extension flaps function as lid portions. The lid part on the front
wall has tear-out parts defined by perforations at cutouts 52, such
that the material in the cutouts is removable together with the
adjacent flap forming a part of the lid. This arrangement applies
the hollow wall squaring aspect as discussed, to partitioned
containers, such as the container of U.S. Pat. No.
5,826,728--Sheffer, to which reference can be made for other
structural aspects.
[0073] A variety of other applications are possible wherein an
in-fold flap is engaged, at least on one side, by a wall portion
that is movable against the in-fold flap during erection of a
container. In the foregoing arrangements, several rectilinear
arrangements are discussed, in each case having opposed hollow
walls that expand with erection of an outer in-fold flap, and
constrict the in-fold flap of an adjacent wall oriented at right
angles to the first one. The same inventive concepts are applicable
to arrangements in which the respective walls are at angles other
than right angles, or where one or more of the walls occupies an
outward angle or contains a step, for nested stacking. The examples
disclosed also show that arrangements such as multiple ply walls,
internal partitions, integrally connected lids, tear-out portions,
etc., are all consistent with the disclosed structure for squaring
and reinforcing a paperboard or other similar container.
[0074] The invention has been described with reference to certain
preferred embodiments and examples, including the example
specifically illustrated in the drawings. It should be understood
that the invention is not limited to the examples shown in the
drawings, and instead is defined by the appended claims. Reference
should be made to the following claims rather then the foregoing
examples, to access the scope of the invention in which exclusive
rights are claimed.
* * * * *