U.S. patent application number 10/369056 was filed with the patent office on 2003-07-10 for scaffolding for bridges and other structures.
This patent application is currently assigned to Paul Kristen Inc.. Invention is credited to Apostolopoulos, Lambros.
Application Number | 20030127287 10/369056 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24588233 |
Filed Date | 2003-07-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030127287 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Apostolopoulos, Lambros |
July 10, 2003 |
Scaffolding for bridges and other structures
Abstract
A work platform for use on bridges or other structures wherein a
plurality of cables extend in spaced relation along a section of
the structure and are supported by the structure and wherein a
floor comprising a plurality of corrugated flooring panels or
sections is supported on the cables and removably secured to the
cables. The positions of the cables are adjustable in vertical and
horizontal directions. A connector assembly releasably connects
each of the platform flooring sections to a respective supporting
cable on which it rests. Each connector assembly comprises a first
part which rests on a bottom wall of the panel and has a portion
which extends through an opening in the bottom wall and back
through the opening and is connected to a second part to form an
eyelet through which the cable passes. In aspects of the present
invention, the first and second parts are connected by a lever or a
wedge. The corrugated decking panels have hinged plates for
covering the corrugations to provide a substantially flat surface
over the panels while allowing nestability for storage and
transport. In one aspect of the invention, a pair of floors are
connected by a gutter and are inclined therefrom, and the cable
positions are adjustable to vary the angle of inclination as well
as to vary the height and spacing of the cables. The inclined
floors are vibrated to effect removal of debris to the gutter where
it may be more easily removed.
Inventors: |
Apostolopoulos, Lambros;
(Amherst, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
James C. Simmons
The Law Office of James C. Simmons
11 Falmouth Lane
Williamsville
NY
14221
US
|
Assignee: |
Paul Kristen Inc.
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Family ID: |
24588233 |
Appl. No.: |
10/369056 |
Filed: |
February 17, 2003 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10369056 |
Feb 17, 2003 |
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10090501 |
Mar 4, 2002 |
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6523644 |
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10090501 |
Mar 4, 2002 |
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09899312 |
Jul 5, 2001 |
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6386319 |
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09899312 |
Jul 5, 2001 |
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09645242 |
Aug 24, 2000 |
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6264002 |
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09645242 |
Aug 24, 2000 |
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08888271 |
Jul 3, 1997 |
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6138793 |
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08888271 |
Jul 3, 1997 |
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08506685 |
Jul 25, 1995 |
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5730248 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
182/150 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01D 19/106
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
182/150 |
International
Class: |
E04G 003/10 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In combination with a structure, a work platform extending along
a portion of said structure for supporting persons performing work
on said structure portion and for collecting debris resulting from
the work, said platform comprising: a) a plurality of cables
extending along said structure and in spaced relation to each other
and in a plane; b) means at each end of said cables for securing
said cables to said structure so that the plane of the cables is at
a desired height; c) a plurality of flooring sections each
extending transversely of said cables and resting on said cables,
said flooring sections being arranged in side-by-side relation
longitudinally of said cables; d) means for securing said flooring
sections to said cables; and e) said means for securing said cables
including means for adjusting positions of said cables.
2. A combination according to claim 1 wherein said means for
securing said cables comprises: a) post means mounted at one end to
said structure and depending therefrom; and b) beam means connected
to said post means and disposed generally in the plane of said
cables for receiving the ends of said cables secured thereto.
3. A combination according to claim 2 wherein said means for
securing said cables further comprises means for clampingly
engaging a flange on said-structure, said post means connected to
said clampingly engaging means.
4. A combination according to claim 2 wherein said means for
adjusting positions of said cables comprises means for connecting
said beam means at various heights on said post means.
5. A combination according to claim 1 wherein said structure
comprises a bridge having piers, said cable securing means
comprises a plurality of assemblies for clamping to said piers
respectively, each said clamp assembly including a pair of first
and second brackets each having a vertical leg and an horizontal
leg, means for joining said horizontal legs together adjustably so
as to space said vertical legs to accommodate different pier widths
with said joined horizontal legs overlying said respective pier,
means for securing said joined pairs of brackets to said piers
respectively, a beam attached to said vertical legs of said first
brackets, and means for attaching ends of said cables to said
beam.
6. A combination according to claim 1 wherein said cable position
adjusting means includes means for adjusting spacings between said
cables.
7. A combination according to claim 6 wherein said means for
adjusting spacings between said cables includes a beam, means for
connecting said beam to said structure, a plurality of cable
connector assemblies on said beam, each assembly comprising a pair
of plates on opposite surfaces of said beam and held on said beam
by releasable fastening means, and means on one of said plates for
connection to said cables, said releasable fastening means enabling
adjustment of the location of said assembly along said beam for
adjusting position of said respective cable.
8. A platform comprising: a) a plurality of cables extending in
spaced relation to each other and in a plane; b) at least one
flooring section resting on said cables; and c) means for
releasably securing said flooring section to said cables, said
releasably securing means comprising at least one connector
assembly including a first part which engages an upper surface of
said flooring section, a second part having a portion located above
the upper surface of said flooring section and a portion extending
through said flooring section for engaging said cable, and manually
operated lever means operatively associated with said first and
second parts and having a first position causing the flooring
section and the cable to be held together and a second position
releasing the flooring section and the cable from being held
together.
9. In combination with a structure, a work platform extending along
a portion of said structure for supporting persons performing work
on said structure portion and for collecting debris resulting from
the work, said platform comprising: a) a first plurality of cables
extending in spaced relation to each other and generally in a first
plane; b) a second plurality of cables extending in spaced relation
to each other and generally in a second plane; c) a first floor
including a first plurality of flooring sections each extending
transversely of said first plurality of cables and resting on said
first plurality of cables, and means for securing said first
plurality of flooring sections to said first plurality of cables;
d) a second floor including a second plurality of flooring sections
each extending transversely of said second plurality of cables and
resting on said second plurality of cables, and means for securing
said second plurality of flooring sections to said second plurality
of cables; and e) a gutter attached to said first and second
floors, said first and second floors being inclined from said
gutter.
10. A combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for
vibrating said first and second floors.
11. A combination according to claim 9 further comprising means for
adjusting height and inclination of said floors.
12. A combination according to claim 9 further comprising means at
each end of said cables for attaching said cables to said
structure, said attaching means comprises, for at least one of said
first and second floors, a plurality of posts, means for clampingly
attaching said posts to said structure, a beam, means for attaching
said beam to said posts, and means for attaching said respective
cables to said beam;
13. A combination according to claim 9 wherein said first and
second securing means each comprises means defining eyelets on said
flooring sections which are openable to release said cables
respectively, said first and second pluralities of cables passing
through said eyelets of said first and second securing means
respectively.
14. A platform comprising: a) a plurality of cables extending in
spaced relation to each other and in a plane; b) at least one
flooring section resting on said cables and having at least one
opening means therein; and c) means for releasably securing said
flooring section to said cables, said releasably securing means
comprising at least one connector assembly including a first part
having a first portion which engages an upper surface of said
flooring section, a second portion which extends downwardly through
said opening means then upwardly through said opening means to form
an eyelet through which said respective cable passes, a second part
which engages the upper surface of the flooring section and which
has an opening means therein, said second portion received in said
second part opening means, an opening means in said second portion
and located at least partially above said second part, and a wedge
receivable in said second portion opening means to connect said
first and second parts.
15. A member comprising a panel having means defining corrugations
and means including flat members hingedly connected to said panel
for movement between a first position wherein said flat members
cover said corrugations and a second position wherein said
corrugations are uncovered.
16. A member according to claim 15 further comprising means for
magnetically securing at least one of said flat members to said
panel in at least one of said covered and uncovered positions.
17. A member according to claim 15 further comprising means
including at least one opening means in a bottom wall of said panel
for attaching said panel to a cable.
18. A platform comprising a plurality of cables, a plurality of
corrugated panels resting on said cables, and means for releasably
securing said panels to each other while also releasably securing
said panels to said cables.
19. A platform according to claim 17 wherein respective edge
portions of at least one pair of said panels are disposed in
overlapping relation, and wherein said securing means comprises
means defining an opening in a bottom wall portion of each of said
pair of said panels, said opening means in one of said pair of said
panels aligned with said opening means in an other of said pair of
said panels, and means extending through both said opening means
for attaching said pair of panels together while also defining an
eyelet for receiving a respective one of said cables.
20. A platform according to claim 19 wherein said eyelet means
comprises a first part having a first portion which engages an
upper surface of one of said pair of panels, a second portion which
extends downwardly through said opening means then upwardly through
said opening means to form an eyelet through which said respective
cable passes, a second part which engages the upper surface of said
one of said pair of panels and which has an opening means therein,
said second portion received in said second part opening means, and
means for connecting said first and second parts.
Description
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of my pending
application Ser. No. 08/888,271, filed Jul. 3, 1997, which is a
continuation-in-part of my application Ser. No. 08/506,685, filed
Jul. 25, 1995 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,248), the disclosures of
which applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] This invention relates to the art of working platforms for
supporting persons performing work on structures, and more
particularly to a new and improved work platform installed below
the deck or roadway of a bridge or next to a building or other
structure. It is necessary to periodically clean, repaint, and
rehabilitate the surfaces of steel bridges to prevent corrosion and
deterioration of the steel supporting structure. This, in turn,
creates the need to provide a safe and effective support for
workmen performing the cleaning and painting of the surfaces
beneath the deck or roadway of the bridge, along with concrete
removal. In addition, environmental concerns and regulations give
rise to the need for containing the debris from the cleaning
operation as well as paint residue and spillage. A number of work
platforms for bridges have been proposed, but many are complex
structures and time consuming to erect and dismantle. Other prior
art platforms are not sufficiently rigid or are limited in height,
i.e., the distance between platform flooring and bridge steel
structure, due to the manner in which they are attached to the
bridge. Some prior platforms extend for only a short distance
longitudinally of the bridge and are limited in that respect.
[0003] It would, therefore, be highly desirable to provide a new
and improved work platform for use on bridges which is safe,
provides a sufficiently rigid support for workmen standing and
walking thereon, which is simple in structure, light in weight, and
therefore quick, easy, and economical to erect and dismantle, which
extends for a significant portion of the length of the bridge, and
which is effective in containing debris from the cleaning and
painting operations performed on the bridge.
[0004] A typical bridge includes a deck or roadway and steel
structure therebelow which is supported on spaced-apart concrete
abutments or piers or other structures. It would be highly
desirable to provide a work platform which can be connected to such
bridge structures with the platform in an optimum work position
(even on bridges with skewed or angled sections).
[0005] It also would be highly desirable to provide a work platform
wherein platform flooring panels are secured in place in a safe yet
easily removable manner.
[0006] It would also be highly desirable to provide a work platform
wherein debris may be removed therefrom easily and effectively.
[0007] It would further be highly desirable use corrugated panels
but such as to provide a flat floor surface on workers to work on
yet such that the panels are compactly stackable for storage and
transport.
[0008] In accordance with the present invention, a work platform is
provided for use on bridges wherein a plurality of cables extend
along a section of the bridge in spaced relation below the deck or
roadway and steel support structure of the bridge, which cables are
supported at opposite ends by either the steel support structure of
the bridge or by the spaced-apart vertical piers of the bridge, and
wherein a plurality of platform flooring panels or sections are
supported on the cables, extend laterally of the cables, are
arranged side-by-side along the section of the bridge such as
between the piers and are removably secured to the cables.
[0009] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
means are provided for adjusting the height of the platform and the
positions or spacings between the cables.
[0010] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
the platform flooring panels are corrugated to maximize the
strength-to-weight ratio of the platform flooring. Flat cover
members are hingedly connected to the panels to cover the
corrugations respectively so as to provide a flat surface for
walking on while allowing the panels to be compactly stacked.
[0011] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention,
Each of the platform flooring sections is releasably connected at
spaced locations to the supporting cables on which it rests. This
is provided by connector assemblies comprising a first part which
engages the upper surface of the flooring section and the cable and
a second part which engages the upper surface of the flooring
section, the two parts being removably connected together through a
small opening in the flooring. As a result, individual flooring
sections can be removed to provide access through the flooring in
emergency or critical situations while at the same time allowing
the remainder of the flooring to retain collected debris. One
embodiment of such a connector assembly has a manually operated
lever for selectively placing the connector assembly in clamped or
unclamped positions relative to the cable and flooring section.
[0012] The foregoing and additional advantages and characterizing
features of the present invention will be clearly apparent in the
following detailed description of the preferred embodiments when
read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partly
diagrammatic, of a bridge having a work platform according to the
present invention installed thereon.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view, partly
diagrammatic, of the work platform of FIG. 1.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the work platform of FIG. 1.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view showing a pair
of clamp assemblies according to one embodiment of the present
invention for use with the work platform of FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a fragmentary end elevational view of one of the
clamp assemblies of FIG. 4.
[0018] FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of the means for
providing horizontal adjustment of the cable locations in the
assemblies of FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0019] FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary elevational view of the
means for providing vertical adjustment of the cable locations in
the assemblies of FIGS. 4 and 5.
[0020] FIG. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view taken along line
8-8 in FIG. 7.
[0021] FIG. 9 is a fragmentary side elevational view showing a
clamp assembly according to another embodiment of the present
invention for use with the work platform of FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0022] FIG. 10 is a fragmentary end elevational view of the clamp
assembly of FIG. 9.
[0023] FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a clamp assembly according to
another embodiment of the present invention for use with the work
platform of FIGS. 1 to 3.
[0024] FIG. 12 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a portion
of the clamp assembly of FIG. 11.
[0025] FIG. 13 is a fragmentary plan view of the assembly of FIG.
12.
[0026] FIG. 14 is a fragmentary side elevational view of an
alternative form of the clamp assembly of FIGS. 11 and 12.
[0027] FIG. 15 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a
connector assembly according to one embodiment of the present
invention.
[0028] FIG. 16 is a plan view thereof.
[0029] FIG. 17 is a fragmentary end elevational view thereof.
[0030] FIG. 18 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a
connector assembly according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0031] FIG. 19 is a plan view thereof.
[0032] FIG. 20 is a fragmentary end elevational view thereof.
[0033] FIG. 21 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a
connector assembly according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0034] FIG. 22 is a fragmentary end elevational view thereof.
[0035] FIG. 23 is a plan view of the spacer plate in the connector
of FIGS. 21 and 22.
[0036] FIG. 24 is a side elevational view of an alternative form of
flooring for the work platform of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 25 is a plan view thereof.
[0038] FIG. 26 is a partial schematic side edge view of the work
platform of FIG. 1.
[0039] FIG. 27 is a view similar to that of FIG. 21 of a connector
assembly according to another embodiment of the present
invention.
[0040] FIG. 28 is a plan view of the connector assembly of FIG.
27.
[0041] FIG. 29 is an end view of the connector assembly of FIG.
27.
[0042] FIG. 30 is partially schematic sectional view of a work
platform in accordance with an alternative embodiment of the
present invention.
[0043] FIG. 31 is an enlarged partial sectional view of the work
platform of FIG. 30.
[0044] FIG. 32 is an end view of the work platform of FIG. 30.
[0045] FIG. 33 is a partial perspective view of the work platform
of FIG. 30.
[0046] FIG. 34 is a partial exploded view of the work platform of
FIG. 30.
[0047] FIG. 35 is an elevation side view of a post for the work
platform of FIGS. 32 to 34.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0048] Referring first to FIG. 1, there is shown a portion of a
bridge 10 including a deck or roadway 12 supported by structural
steel 14 which, in turn, is supported above the ground 16 by
concrete piers or pedestals at regular intervals along the length
of the bridge. Three piers 18, 20 and 22 are shown on the bridge
section of FIG. 1, although many such piers are included along the
total length of an actual bridge. A railing 24 is shown extending
along the length of bridge deck 12. The work platform 30 of the
present invention in the situation illustrated herein is located
below the bridge deck 12 and between the piers 18, 20 and is
supported from the piers 18, 20 or the bridge structural steel 14.
The platform 30, which will be described presently, includes a
plurality of cables (not shown in FIG. 1) extending lengthwise of
bridge 10 and supported at opposite ends by piers 18, 20 or by
steel structure 14, and a plurality of flooring sections or panels
supported by the cables, each extending transversely of the cables
and also transversely of bridge 10, and the sections are in
side-by-side relation along the length of bridge 10. Each flooring
section is removably connected at spaced locations thereon to the
cables. The platform can be supported additionally at spaced
locations therealong by the bridge structural steel 14 by means of
auxiliary support cables, some of which are designated 32 in FIG.
1. While the present description is directed to the single platform
30, a plurality of platforms, three of which are designated 30',
30" and 30'" in FIG. 1 can be provided along the length of bridge
10.
[0049] While the work platform of the present invention is
described herein for use in connection with a bridge, it should be
understood that it may also be provided as scaffolding in
connection with buildings and other structures for such purposes as
maintenance, repair, and cleaning thereof. Therefore, for the
purposes of this specification and the claims, the term
"structure," unless another meaning is specified or the context
indicates otherwise, shall mean "bridge, building, or other
construction suitable for application of scaffolding."
[0050] Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown one of the bridge
piers, for example pier 20, which has a pair of vertical pedestals
or columns 42 and 44 joined near the upper ends by a central body
46. The bridge structural steel 14 includes sidewalls 50 and 52
which rest on the tops of pedestals 42 and 44 respectively and
which are connected at spaced locations along the length of bridge
10 by a series of assemblies each including a horizontal frame
member 54 and inclined frame members 56 and 58 joined at the lower
ends to a central plate 60 fixed to frame member 54 and joined at
the upper ends to the corresponding sidewalls 50 and 52. Thus, the
bridge roadway or deck 12 is supported by the combination of the
piers and steel walls 50, 52 and frame assemblies in a known
manner. In addition, the walls 50, 52 and frame assemblies provide
the surfaces which must be periodically cleaned, such as by
abrasive blasting or the like, and painted.
[0051] As shown in FIG. 2, the supporting cables 70 of the platform
30 of the present invention extend longitudinally of bridge 10
between the piers and are spaced apart substantially equally in a
transverse direction relative to bridge 10. Thus, cables 70 are
disposed in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of bridge
deck 12. By way of example, in an illustrative bridge having a
width of about 32 feet and a distance between piers of about 140
feet, seven steel cables 70a-70g each one-half inch in diameter are
provided. The cables 70 are secured to a structure of bridge 10 so
that the plane of the cables is at a desired distance below the
portion of bridge 10 upon which work is to be performed. In the
platform illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, cables 70a to 70g are
attached at opposite ends to piers 18 and 20 by compression clamp
assemblies which will be described. The platform flooring,
generally designated 74 in FIG. 2, rests on and is supported by
cables 70a to 70g. Flooring 74 comprises a plurality of sections or
panels each releasably connected to corresponding cables 70 in a
manner which will be described in detail presently.
[0052] The plan view of FIG. 3 illustrates a form of clamping
assemblies for attaching opposite ends of cables 70 to the bridge
piers 18 and 20. The clamping assemblies shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are
the subject of the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 5,730,248 and are
described herein briefly for the purpose of providing a proper
background for the detailed description of the cable connector
assemblies of this invention which will follow. Another embodiment
of the connector assembly uses a wedge to connect the two parts
together so as to eliminate the difficulty of removing rusty nuts
to disconnect the parts. The pedestals 42 and 44 of pier 20 are
shown in FIG. 3. Pier 18 likewise has two pedestals designated 76
and 78 in FIG. 3. A first compression clamping assembly generally
designated 80 secures all of the cables 70 at one end thereof, i.e.
the left-hand end as viewed in FIG. 3, to pedestals 76 and 78 of
pier 20. A second compression clamping assembly generally
designated 82 and identical to assembly 80 secures all of the
cables 70 at the opposite end thereof, i.e. the right-hand end as
viewed in FIG. 3, to pedestals 42 and 44 of pier 20. Clamping
assembly 80 comprises a first member or I-beam 86 extending
transversely of bridge 10 and contacting both pedestals 76 and 78
on one side thereof and second and third members or I-beams 88 and
90 also extending transversely but each contacting only a
corresponding one of the pedestals 76 and 78 and on the opposite
side thereof. Members 86 and 88 are clamped to pedestal 76 by a
plurality of threaded connecting rods 92 which are tightened to
provide the required amount of compression force. Similarly,
members 86 and 90 are clamped to pedestal 78 by a plurality of
threaded connecting rods 94 which are tightened to provide the
required amount of compression force. Thus, I-beam 86 contacts the
left-hand surfaces of pedestals 76 and 78 as viewed in FIG. 3 and
I-beams 88 and 90 contact the right-hand surfaces of pedestals 76
and 78 respectively as viewed in FIG. 3. Cables 70b and 70f are
connected at one end to I-beams 88 and 90 respectively, and the
remaining cables 70a, 70c to 70e, and 70g are connected to I-beam
86. The clamping assembly and the manner of connecting cables 70
thereto will be described in further detail presently.
[0053] In a similar manner, clamping assembly 82 comprises a first
member or I-beam 106 extending transversely of bridge 10 and
contacting both pedestals 42 and 44 on one side thereof and second
and third members or I-beams 108 and 110 also extending
transversely but each contacting only a corresponding one of the
pedestals 42 and 44 and on the opposite side thereof. Members 106
and 108 are clamped to pedestal 42 by a plurality of threaded
connecting rods 112 which are tightened to provide the required
amount of compression force. Similarly, members 106 and 110 are
clamped to pedestal 44 by a plurality of threaded connecting rods
114 which are tightened to provide the required amount of
compression force. Thus, I-beam 106 contacts the right-hand
surfaces of pedestals 42 and 44 as viewed in FIG. 3, and I-beams
108 and 110 contact the left-hand surfaces of pedestals 42 and 44
as viewed in FIG. 3. Cables 70b and 70f are connected at the ends
to I-beams 108 and 110 respectively, and the remaining cables 70a,
70c to 70e, and 70g are connected to I-beams 106.
[0054] Referring now to FIGS. 4 to 8, there is shown a clamp
assembly according to the present invention for securing cables 70
of platform 30, exclusively to the piers of a bridge. Depending
upon the structure of a particular bridge and/or the work to be
performed on it, there are situations where only the concrete piers
and none of the bridge steel structure 14 can be utilized to
support platform 30. As shown in FIG. 4, a pair of piers 18' and
201 support the bridge structural steel 14, below bridge deck 121,
and piers 18' and 201 have upper cap portions 118 and 120
respectively. A clamp assembly generally designated 124 is secured
to pier cap 118 and an identical clamp assembly, generally
designated 126, is secured to pier cap 120. The cables, one of
which is designated 701 in FIG. 4, for supporting platform 301 are
secured at opposite ends to clamp assemblies 124 and 126. A
corresponding plurality of cables, one of which is designated 130,
can be connected between clamp assembly 124 and an identical clamp
assembly (not shown) on a neighboring pier (not shown) for
supporting another platform (not shown) in an identical manner.
Similarly, another corresponding plurality of cables, one of which
is designated 132, can be connected between clamp assembly 126 and
an identical clamp assembly (not shown) on a neighboring pier (not
shown) for supporting another platform (not shown) in an identical
manner. Clamp assemblies 124 and 126 are identical, and for
convenience only clamp assembly 124 will be described in detail in
connection with FIGS. 4 to 8.
[0055] Clamp assembly 124 includes a plurality of pier brackets,
each generally designated 140, secured to upper cap portion 118 of
pier 181 at laterally spaced locations therealong, as shown in FIG.
5. By way of example, in an illustrative work platform, pier
brackets 140 are spaced apart about 7 to 8 feet. Each pier bracket
140 comprises a pair of telescoping or relatively reciprocal hollow
steel members 142 and 144 which fit relatively snugly but movably
one within the other. The members 142 and 144 rest on the top
surface of pier cap portion 118 and, after being adjusted to the
width of pier cap portion 118, are locked against any relative
movement by pins or bolts 146, as shown in FIG. 4. A pair of light
duty I-beams or posts 150 and 152 depend from the outer ends of
members 142 and 144 respectively and are fixed thereto such as by
welding. Each I beam 150 and 152 and its corresponding member 142
and 144 respectively define substantially a right angle
therebetween. The lower end of each I-beam 150 and 152 is provided
with an opening to receive a hook 156 or the like to enable a cable
158 to be connected to the lower ends of I-beams 150 and 152 and to
be tightened against the bottom of pier cap portion 118 to prevent
tipping or similar movement of each pier bracket 140.
[0056] The plurality of pier brackets 140 support a horizontally
disposed beam 164 to which the plurality of platform supporting
cables are secured at the ends thereof and which is vertically
adjustable in the following manner. By way of example, in an
illustrative work platform, beam 164 is a W6.times.16 beam that
extends for the entire width of the work platform. Beam 164 is
supported in a vertically adjustable manner on each pier bracket
depending beam or part 150 by the arrangement shown in FIGS. 7 and
8. Beam 164 is supported by a plurality of angle brackets 170, one
for each part 150, which in turn is held in place by a pair of bolt
172 and nut 174 fasteners on each side of post 142 which engage a
plate 178 on the opposite face of post 142. Thus, by means of the
arrangement shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, beam 164 is supported on posts
142 and can be raised or lowered simply by changing the location of
each angle 170 and plate 178 combination on the corresponding part
142.
[0057] The work platform supporting cables are connected at ends
thereof to cable connector assemblies 180, one assembly for each
cable, which are mounted on beam 164. The locations of connector
assemblies 180 on beam 164 are adjustable in a horizontal direction
so that the spacing between adjacent cables can be varied. As shown
in FIG. 6, each connector assembly 180 includes a pair of plates
182 and 184 clamped on beam 164 by a plurality of bolt 186 and nut
188 type fasteners. A shackle plate 190 is provided as one of the
plates 182 for connection to one end of the cable, designated 194
in FIG. 6.
[0058] Thus, the clamp assembly shown in FIGS. 4 to 8 secures the
cables of the work platform exclusively to the piers of a bridge.
The horizontal spacing between each of the cables is individually
adjustable. The vertical location of all of the cables is
adjustable simultaneously. In other words, the distance between the
plane in which the cables lie and the plane of the bridge deck is
adjustable. As a result, the vertical location of the platform
flooring is adjustable relative to the location of the bridge deck
and steel structure to accommodate various types of maintenance and
repair operations on the bridge.
[0059] FIGS. 9 and 10 show a clamp assembly according to the
present invention for securing cables 70 of platform 30 exclusively
to the bridge steel structure. Depending upon the structure of a
particular bridge and/or the work to be performed on it, there are
situations where only the bridge steel structure and none of the
bridge concrete piers or abutments can be used to support platform
30. As shown in FIG. 9, a bridge girder or stringer 200 is
supported at one end by a bridge concrete abutment or pier 202, and
stringer 200, in turn, supports the bridge deck 204. The opposite
end of stringer 200 is supported on a similar pier or abutment (not
shown) and a plurality of such girders-are provided, extending
longitudinally of the bridge and spaced apart laterally of the
bridge at appropriate distances.
[0060] The clamp assembly according to this embodiment of the
present invention comprises a generally vertically disposed post
210 which is mounted at one end to stringer 200 and depends
therefrom. While for convenience in illustration only one post 210
is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the clamp assembly includes a plurality
of such posts, one for each girder or stringer of the bridge on
which the work platform is installed. Post 210 is mounted at one
end thereof to stringer 200 in the following manner. A plate 216 is
welded on the end of post 210 and is secured by bolt and nut type
fasteners 218 to a pair of channel members 220 and 222 which extend
longitudinally along and are mounted to opposite sides of stringer
200. In particular, each channel member 220 and 222 has a pair of
angle members, each designated 224 fixed thereto such as by welding
and located at opposite ends thereof. One flange of each angle
member 224 is welded to the web of the corresponding channel
member, as shown in FIG. 10, and the other flange of each-angle
member 224 rests on and is supported by the lower horizontal flange
of girder 200. Another angle member 234 is provided at the end of
girder 200 adjacent pier 202 and fixed to the flanges of girder 200
and channel members 220 and 222 by bolt and nut type fasteners 236
to prevent movement longitudinal movement of channels 220 and 222
to the left as viewed in FIG. 9. At the opposite ends of channels
220 and 222 an angle member 240 is fixed to the flanges of girder
200 and channels 220 and 222 by bolt and nut fasteners 242 to
support the channels 220 and 222 in place.
[0061] The clamp assembly further comprises a generally
horizontally disposed beam 250 connected to post 210 for receiving
the ends of the cables which support the platform flooring. Beam
250 is connected at a selected vertical location to post 210 by
bolt and nut type fasteners designated 256. Vertical adjustment of
the location of beam 250 on post 210 is provided by a series of
openings 260 on the flanges of post 210 as shown in FIG. 10. As
previously mentioned, a plurality of posts like post 210 are
provided, one depending from ea6h girder or stringer of a bridge on
which the work platform is installed, and beam 250 is connected to
each of the posts in a manner identical to the connection to post
210 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Alternatively, a series of such beams
can be provided, extending over the width of the platform and
connected to the posts. Cables such as those designated 266 in
FIGS. 9 and 10 are secured to beam 250 in a suitable manner.
[0062] By way of example, in an illustrative bridge platform, post
210 is a W10.times.33 I-beam having a length of about 4.0 feet,
plate 216 has a thickness of about 1/2 inch, each channel member
220 and 222 is a C10.times.13 channel having a length of about 5.0
feet, each angle member 224 has flanges about 3.0 inches long and
about 3.0 inches wide and about 1/2 inch thick, the flanges of
angle member 234 are about 4.0 inch long and about 8.0 inch long
respectively and about 1.2 inch thick, angle member 240 has the
same dimensions as angle member 234, beam 250 is a W8.times.18
I-beam, cables 266 have a diameter of about 5/8 inch, and the bolt
and nut fasteners 218, 236, and 242 include 3/4 inch bolts.
[0063] FIGS. 11 to 13 show a clamp assembly for securing cables 70
of work platform 30 exclusively to the bridge steel structure and
having the added capability for installation on bridges with skewed
or angled sections. A skewed or angled bridge section is
illustrated in the plan view of FIG. 11 wherein a pair of offset
bridge piers or abutments 270 and 272 support a series of girders
or stringers each designated 276 in a skewed or angled arrangement.
A series of cables 280, similar to cables 70 of platform 30, which
support the work platform of the present invention are connected at
opposite ends thereof to cable connector assemblies 284 which, in
turn, are mounted on horizontally disposed beams 286 and 288
located near corresponding ones of the bridge piers or abutments
270 and 272 respectively as viewed in FIG. 11. Beams 286 and 288,
in turn, are supported by an arrangement including a plurality of
vertically disposed post members 292 which are mounted at the upper
ends of corresponding ones of the girders 276 in a manner which
will be described. Post members 292 are connected to corresponding
ones of the beams 286 and 288 by swivel connector assemblies 296
which will be described in detail presently.
[0064] FIG. 12 shows in further detail the arrangement including
one of the post members 292 for supporting beam 286. Abutment 270
supports girder 276 which along with the other girders and abutment
272 (shown in FIG. 11) supports bridge deck 300. A plate 306 is
welded to the upper end of post member 292 and is of sufficient
size to extend across and outwardly of the lower flange 310 of
girder 276. A pair of plates, one of which is designated 312 in
FIG. 12, is provided and placed on the top surfaces of girder
flange 310. The plates are of sufficient size to extend outwardly
beyond the girder flange 310. Then the combination of the larger
plate 306 and pair of smaller plates is fastened together and
against girder flange 310 by a series of bolt and nut type
fasteners 316 on both sides of girder flange 310, thus clamping the
upper end of post member 292 to girder flange 310. A swivel plate
assembly 296 then is clamped by plates 318 bolted to post member
292 at a selected vertical location thereon. Post 292 is provided
with a series of openings (not shown) to receive bolts at various
vertical locations to provide vertical adjustment of the location
of assembly 296. As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, each swivel plate
assembly comprises a first part 320 clamped and bolted to post
member 292, a second part 322 secured to beam 286 by a clamp
assembly 324, and a pivotal connection between parts 320 and 322
provided by a headed bolt or pin 326 held therein by a nut 328
threaded thereon. Part 322 is a hollow member having aligned
apertures to receive pin 326, and part 320 is a plate with a
central aperture to receive pin 326 and which is received in part
322 with room for pivotal movement therein. FIGS. 12 and 13 also
show in further detail one of the cable connector assemblies 284
comprising an apertured plate 330 welded to a clamp assembly 332
fixed to beam 286 by bolt and nut type fasteners 334. The
construction shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is the same for each of the
posts 292, cable connector assemblies 284, and swivel connector
assemblies 296 in the arrangement of FIG. 11.
[0065] Thus, the swivel connectors 296 in the arrangement of FIGS.
11 to 13 accommodate installation of the work platform of the
present invention on angled or skewed bridge sections. By way of
example, in an illustrative work platform, each post member 292 can
be a W8.times.15 small I-beam or square tube. Each post 292 can be
tied back to the bridge bearing by 5/8 inch cable for additional
security if desired.
[0066] FIG. 14 shows an alternative form of post construction for
use in an arrangement like that of FIGS. 11-13. Post 292' is
similar to post 292 in the previous arrangement and is fastened to
girder 276' by a similar arrangement of large plate 306', small
plates 312', and fasteners 316'. A reinforcing member 350 is fixed
at one end to post 292' by welding or bolt and nut type fasteners
(not shown) and extends upwardly at an angle whereupon it is
fastened to the lower flange of girder 276' by a similar
arrangement of large plate 354 welded to the end of member 350 and
a pair of small plates 356 fastened in a clamp-like arrangement to
the girder flange by bolt and nut type fasteners 358. A swivel
bracket 360 is welded to a plate 362 which is joined by bolt and
nut type fasteners 364 to another plate 366 such that the two
plates 362 and 366 clamp on post 292' to secure swivel bracket 360
thereto. The clamping arrangement allows vertical adjustment of the
location on post 292'. By way of example, in an illustrative
arrangement, swivel bracket 360 is like the assembly 296 in FIGS.
12 and 13 consists of a hollow steel member
4".times.4".times.1/4.times.4" long welded onto a
7".times.9".times.1/2" plate and two 4".times.4".times.1/2" plates
welded to another 7".times.9".times.1/2 plate and connected by a
1/8.times.7" long bolt secured with a nut. Swivel bracket 360 also
is welded to a plate 370 which is joined by bolt and nut type
fasteners 372 to another plate 374 such that the two plates 370 and
374 clamp on a horizontally disposed beam 378 to secure swivel
bracket thereto. Beam 378 extends for the entire width of the work
platform and has the supporting cables (not shown) secured thereto
in a manner similar to the preceding arrangements. By way of
example, in an illustrative work platform, post 292' is a
W8.times.18 beam, and beam 378 is a W8.times.15 beam. An apertured
plate 380 can be fixed such as by welding to post 292' for
connection of a reinforcing cable to the bridge abutment or pier,
if desired for added security.
[0067] Referring again to FIG. 3, the platform flooring 74
comprises a plurality of elongated rectangular panels each
designated 300 which are arranged in end-to-end overlapping
relation transversely of bridge 10 and cables 70, as indicated by
the broken lines 302 in FIG. 3, and which panels 300 are arranged
in side-by-side overlapping relation longitudinally of bridge 10
and cables 70, as indicated by the broken lines 304 in FIG. 3 and
as also shown in FIG. 26. Panels 300 are corrugated decking panels
with the corrugations extending transversely of cables 70 as
indicated at 306 in FIG. 3 and as also shown in FIG. 26. Having
corrugations 306 extending transversely of cables 70 maximizes the
rigidity and strength of flooring 74 and prevents any buckling of
the panels 300. Each of the platform flooring sections or panels
300 is releasably connected at spaced locations to the supporting
cables 70 on which it rests. This is provided by connector
assemblies generally indicated at 310 in FIG. 3 and which will be
described in detail presently. As a result, individual flooring
sections or panels 300 can be removed to provide access through the
flooring in emergency situations. For example, if a worker becomes
seriously ill or injured, one or more flooring sections 300 can be
quickly and easily removed thereby allowing the worker to be
lowered safely to the ground below. In addition, collected debris
remains in the corrugations of the removed panel and is not lost
from containment within the area of the platform. With the panels
300 overlapping, they may be attached together and to the
respective cable 70 at their overlapping portions, as shown in FIG.
26, to provide a more secure structure.
[0068] Some of the connector assemblies, i.e., those designated 312
in FIG. 3, also have the capability of an additional or auxiliary
connection to the bridge structural steel 14 and will be described
in detail presently.
[0069] Each panel 300 has a pair of side edges which are joined by
a pair of end edges. Corrugations 306 extend longitudinally along
each panel 300 and substantially parallel to side edges thereof.
The corrugations 306 of all the panels 300 in flooring 74 extend
transversely of cables 70 so as to provide the required strength
and rigidity of the platform 30.
[0070] Each of the panels 300 comprising flooring 74 includes a
plurality of openings extending therethrough for making connection
to cables 70. The number and location of openings will depend upon
the size of panels 300 and the distance between cables. Each panel
300 includes a first pair of openings located near one end and a
second pair of openings located near the opposite end. Each of the
openings is elongated and disposed with the longitudinal axis
thereof substantially parallel to corrugation 306 and thus
transversely of cables 70. The openings in the panels 300 enable
the connector assemblies 310 and 312 to contact or engage both the
cables 70 and panels 300 in a manner releasably connecting the
panels to the cables.
[0071] One form of connector assembly according to the present
invention is shown in FIGS. 15 to 17 and includes a first part 320
in the form of a rectangular plate 322 which engages the upper
surface of the platform flooring, indicated at 324 in FIG. 15, and
a substantially U-shaped hook formation 326 extending from body 322
for engaging one of the cables, designated 330 in FIG. 15, and
having a threaded free end 332. The connector assembly includes a
second part 334 generally in the form of a rectangular plate 336
having an opening 338 therethrough for receiving therethrough the
threaded end 332 of hook formation 326 of the first part 320 so
that a nut 340 can be threaded on the free end 332 to fasten the
first and second parts together. A major portion of plate 336
engages the upper surface of flooring 324 and is substantially
co-planar with plate 322. The end portion 342 of plate 336 is bent
or angled slightly, as shown in FIG. 15, and terminates in a lip or
end flange 344 which contacts the upper surface of plate 322. This
provides a positive engagement between the two parts when nut 340
is tightened and precludes any sagging of the parts.
[0072] The connector assembly of FIGS. 15 to 17 is installed in the
following manner. First the part 320 is manipulated to insert hook
formation 326 through the slot 325 in flooring 324 around cable 330
and back up through the slot 325 in flooring 324. Next, the-second
part 334 is positioned to receive threaded end 332 through opening
338 whereupon nut 340 is installed and tightened on end 332 to
fasten the assembly together. This assembly securely holds the
flooring panels onto the platform support cables.
[0073] Another form of connector assembly according to the present
invention is shown in FIGS. 18 to 20 and includes provision for
connection to auxiliary cables for extra support. The connector
assembly includes a first part 350 in the form of a rectangular
plate 352 which engages the upper surface of the platform flooring,
indicated at 324' in FIG. 18, and a substantially U-shaped hook
formation 354 which extends through body 352 for engaging one of
the cables, designated 330' in FIG. 18, and having a pair of
threaded free ends 356 and 358. The connector assembly includes a
second part 360 including a pair of rectangular plates 362 and 364
welded together in overlapping relation along the ends thereof to
define a step-like structure. Plate 364 is provided with a pair of
openings 366 and 368 therethrough to receive therethrough the
threaded ends 356 and 358 respectively of hook formation 354 of the
first part 350 so that nuts 370 and 372 can be threaded on the free
ends 356 and 358 respectively to fasten the first and second parts
together. Plate 352 of the first part 350 and plate 364 of the
second part 360 contact the upper surface of flooring 3241 when the
parts are fastened together, and the lower surface of plate 362 in
the vicinity of opening 366 contacts the upper surface of plate 352
to provide a stable structure. A hook or loop formation 376 is
welded on the upper surface of plate 362 to provide connection to
an auxiliary support cable (not shown) extending from the bridge
deck or steel structure.
[0074] The connector assembly of FIGS. 18 to 20 is installed in the
following manner. First the part 350 is manipulated to insert hook
formation 354 through the slot 325' in flooring 324' around cable
330' and back up through the slot 325' in flooring 324'. Next the
second part is positioned to receive threaded ends 356 and 358
through openings 366 and 368 respectively in plate 362 whereupon
nuts 370 and 372 are installed and tightened on ends 356 and 358
respectively to fasten the assembly together. This connector
assembly securely holds the flooring panels onto the platform
support cables. In addition, an auxiliary support cable (not
shown), secured at one end to the bridge deck or steel structure,
is provided with an eye hook on the opposite end which is hooked
onto formation 376 to provide extra support for the platform. In
the connector assembly of FIGS. 18 to 20, the auxiliary cable (not
shown) is pulling the assembly upwardly in line with the platform
supporting cable 330' thereby providing a balanced arrangement
which avoids any torquing or bending of parts of the assembly of
the auxiliary cable connection offset from the location of the
supporting cable.
[0075] Another form of connector assembly according to the present
invention is shown in FIGS. 21 to 23 and is characterized by a
manually-operated lever for tightening the connector and supporting
cable together. The connector assembly includes a first part 380 in
the form of a spacer plate 382 having an elongated slot 384 therein
which corresponds in size to the slot 325" in flooring 324". The
length and width of spacer plate 382, however, are sufficient for
plate 382 to cover slot 325". The connector assembly includes a
second part 388 for engaging supporting cable 330" and which is
generally in the form of a hook. In particular, part 388 includes a
central body portion 390, a curved, hooked-shaped portion 392
extending from one end of body 390 and shaped to engage cable 330",
as shown in FIG. 21, and a connector portion 394 extending from
another end of body 390. The connector assembly also includes a
lever or operator member 400 pivotally connected to connector
portion 394 of the second part 388. Lever 400 has a first position
shown in solid lines in FIG. 21 which tightens the second part 388
against cable 330" and a second position shown in broken lines in
FIG. 21 which releases the second part from cable 330". In
particular, lever 400 has a generally U-shaped end-wise
configuration, as shown in FIG. 22, having a pair of spaced-apart
flange-like sections 404 and 406 joined by a curved central
web-like section 408. Each flange section, for example, section 404
shown in FIG. 21, includes an operator portion 410 having a curved,
cam-like surface 412 for bearing against the upper surface of
spacer plate 382 in the locked position shown in solid lines in
FIG. 21, and a handle or grip portion 414 extending from operator
portion 410. Lever 400 is pivotally connected to part 388 by means
of a bolt 418 which extends through aligned apertures in the end of
connector portion 394 of part 388 and in the sections 404 and 406
of lever 400.
[0076] The connector assembly of FIGS. 21 to 23 is installed in the
following manner. Spacer plate 382 is placed in position and part
388 is inserted through slot 384 in spacer plate 382 and slot 325"
in flooring 324", and the hook-shaped portion 392 is engaged on
cable 330", as shown in FIG. 21. During this operation, lever 400
is in the broken line position shown in FIG. 21. Next, lever 400 is
moved by hand to the solid line position of FIG. 21. This applies
downward force on spacer plate 382 and pulls hook portion 392
upwardly against cable 330" thereby tightening the assembly. As a
result, the connector assembly securely holds flooring 324" on the
supporting cable 330". A pin 422 or nut and bolt can be inserted
through the aligned apertures 424 and 426 in flange sections 404
and 406 respectively to hold lever 400 in place for added safety.
When it is desired to disassemble the arrangement or to remove a
flooring section, pin 422 is removed and lever 400 simply moved to
the broken line position of FIG. 21 whereupon the part 388 is
removed from contacting cable 330".
[0077] The connector assembly of FIGS. 21 to 23 has the advantages
that no welding of parts is required, it can be assembled prior to
installation on the work platform, i.e. does not have to be
assembled on site, it is relatively light in weight, and it is
relatively easy and quick to install.
[0078] The platform sections or panels 300 and the connector
assemblies are installed to provide a completed platform 30 in the
following manner. The panels 300 are placed and arranged on the
cables 70 by workmen using scaffolds or the like supported by the
bridge 10. Panels 300 are placed on the supporting cables 70 so
that the corrugations 306 are disposed transversely of the cables
70. Panels 300 are arranged in a row and in end-to-end overlapping
relation transversely of the cables 70. The panels 300 are located
so that the openings are aligned with various ones of the cables
70. Furthermore, with adjacent ones of the panels 300 being in
end-to-end overlapping relation, the openings of the overlapping
portions of adjacent panels 300 in a row are aligned with each
other and with the corresponding cables 70.
[0079] Next, the connector assemblies are installed manually by the
workmen. The connector assemblies can be any of the connector
assemblies described in connection with FIGS. 15 to 23 and 26 to
28, and they are installed in the manner previously described. The
foregoing operation is repeated for each of the connector
assemblies in each of the panels along the row. Then the panels 300
of the next row are installed, the row extending transversely of
the cables 70 and the panels of the next row being adjacent
sideways to the panels of the first row. The panels of this next
row are in end-to-end overlapping relation in the same manner as
the panels of the first row. In addition, the panels of this next
row are in side-to-side overlapping relation with the panels of the
first row, as shown in FIG. 3. The connector assemblies are
installed in the panels of this next row in a manner similar to
that of the first row. The foregoing installation of rows of panels
300 and installation of connector assemblies is continued in a
direction longitudinally of the cables 70 until the platform 30 is
completed. Connector assemblies of the type shown in FIGS. 18 to 20
are installed at spaced locations, for example, about 20 feet, over
the surface of platform 30, and auxiliary cables such as cables 32
are connected between those assemblies and bridge structural steel
32.
[0080] By way of example, in an illustrative platform, the overall
width is about 32 feet or-slightly less than the width of the
bridge deck 12, and the overall length of the platform is about 140
feet, which is approximately the span between piers 18 and 20.
Panels 300 are rigid type B corrugated steel decking panels each 11
feet in length and 3 feet in width. The panels 300 are 22 gage,
11/2 inch deep ASTM A446 steel having a yield strength of FY=33KSI
(minimum). A minimum panel overlap of 6 inches in longitudinal and
lateral directions is provided. Cables 70 are seven in number, each
1/2 inch in diameter and spaced apart about 5 feet. Cables 70 are
6.times.19 IWRC cable of plain steel with a breaking strength of
41,200 pounds or greater. Each panel 300 is connected at two
locations to the corresponding cable. The location of platform 30
is about 111/2 feet below bridge deck 12. The typical maximum
applied load for which platform 30 is designed is 11 pounds per
square foot. The cables 70 are supported every 20 feet by the
auxiliary support cables such as those designated 32.
[0081] Platform 30 of the present invention, by virtue of the
combination of support cables 70 and corrugated decking panels 300,
is provided to be safe, provide a sufficiently rigid support for
workmen to stand and walk on, and to be relatively simple in
structure and light in weight. Rigidity is important in that
workmen can walk along platform 30 with no lowering. The
corrugations 306 enhance the strength to weight ratio of panels
300. In addition, the corrugations facilitate containment of
debris. The connector assemblies in cooperation with the openings
in the panels are provided to achieve a quick, easy, and effective
way to both erect and dismantle the bridge platform of the present
invention. The individual panels 300 releasably connected to cables
70 are provided for convenient and quick access through the
flooring 74 in emergency situations. Thus, in such situations, it
is not necessary to cut through the platform flooring which
otherwise could destroy the integrity of debris containment
provided by enclosures, such as that shown in FIG. 16. Furthermore,
the time required to cut through flooring could have serious
consequences in emergency and critical situations, and such cutting
could impair the structural integrity of the platform and therefore
its safety.
[0082] FIGS. 24 and 25 show an alternative form of flooring for the
work platform of the present invention. The corrugated decking
panels of flooring 74 include a series of flat upper surfaces,
designated 440 in FIG. 24, which are separated by a series of
troughs or depressions defined by downwardly inclined walls 442 and
444 which meet flat lower surfaces 446. The connector assemblies
previously described are located in the troughs below the plane of
the upper surfaces 440. In order to provide a more flat surface to
walk on and to move equipment therealong, the flooring is modified
by providing a series of flat, plate-like covers 450 for covering
the troughs or depressions between the surfaces 440. In particular,
each cover 450 comprises a thin rectangular plate 450 having a
length equal to that of flooring 74 and a width slightly greater
than the maximum width of a trough or depression in flooring
74.
[0083] Without such covers, the panels are compactly nestable so as
to take up little space for storage and transport. With the covers
covering the troughs, the panels are not nestable and thus take up
a great deal of space (on an order of 5 to 10 times as much space
or more) which significantly increases the storage and transport
cost. In order to make the panels nestable for storage and
transport compactly while providing the desired flat surfaces to
the flooring made therewith, in accordance with an aspect of the
present invention, the covers 450 are hingedly connected to the
panels. Thus, one edge of cover 450 is joined to a hinge 452 which,
in turn, is joined to a plate 454 of relatively shorter width and
of the same length as plate 450 and which is fixed such as by
welding to the adjacent upper surface 440 of the flooring.
Actually, the entire combination may be viewed as a hinge with
plates 450 and 454 each being a hinge leaf and joined by the hinge
knuckle assembly 452. The foregoing is provided on each of the
troughs or depressions defined in flooring 74. If desired, a strip
of magnetic material, illustrated at 456, can be provided along the
lower portion of the free edge of each cover 450 to hold the cover
down and prevent lifting as persons walk along flooring 74. Thus,
after the connector assemblies are installed, each of the hinged
covers 450 is flipped over to the position shown in FIG. 24
covering its corresponding corrugation thereby providing a flat
uniform surface which is easier to walk on and move equipment
therealong. In addition, by covering the corrugations, debris is
confined to the flat upper surface, making cleanup easier. When a
project is completed and the platform disassembled, the covers 450
are flipped to positions uncovering the troughs respectively and
then compactly nested for transport and storage.
[0084] While the panels of flooring 74 are described herein for use
as scaffold flooring, other uses are envisioned for such panels,
for example, to provide a wall wherein insulation may be disposed
in the enclosed or covered corrugations or for acoustics
purposes.
[0085] Referring to FIGS. 26 to 28, There is shown generally at 500
an alternative embodiment of the connector assembly, which includes
members or parts 502 and 504. The first part 502 has a generally
flat body portion 506 which engages the upper surface of the
respective panel 300, a substantially hook-shaped portion 508 which
extends from the body portion 506 and downwardly into the
respective opening or slot 325 to receive the respective cable 70,
and a free end portion 510 which extends upwardly out of the slot.
The second part 504 is generally flat and overlies part of the
portion 506 and the slot 325 and has an opening, illustrated at
512, for receiving the free end portion 510. Part 504 and portion
506 have a width greater than that of the generally rectangular
slot 325 in order to suitably overlie the slot. Portions 508 and
510 have a reduced width in order that portion 508 may be received
in slot 325 and portion 510 may be received in opening 512. The
parts 502 and 506 are connected, as hereinafter described, to form
what may be called an eyelet, illustrated at 518, for securely
receiving the cable 70 for passage thereof therethrough, and a
formation (not shown), similar to formation 376, may be provided
for attachment of an auxiliary tie-up cable such as shown at 32 in
FIG. 1.
[0086] In order to eliminate a welding step so that the cost of the
product may be reduced, the part 502 is made from a single piece,
i.e., by suitably cutting a plate to the flat shape corresponding
to the and bending it to the finished product form, such as shown
in FIGS. 27 to 29.
[0087] Free end portion 510 has an opening or slot, illustrated at
514, whose bottom wall is approximately level with the upper
surface of portion 506 and which extends above the part 504 when
the connector is assembled as shown in FIGS. 27 to 29. The
application and removal of nuts to and from the connectors is a
time consuming process, especially the removal of nuts which may
have rusted to the bolts, and the threads may also become damaged.
In order to make the assembly and disassembly of the connector 500
easier and faster, in accordance with an aspect of the present
invention, the parts 502 and 504 are connected together by a wedge
516 inserted into the opening 514 and driving it into place with a
hammer. This also desirably eliminates the costly process of
providing a threaded portion on the part 502 and the necessity of
replacing parts whose threads become damaged. The wedge 516 is a
generally U-shaped member with the bottom of the "U" resting on the
part 504 when the connector is assembled. When it is time to
disassemble the connector, it may just as easily and quickly be
disconnected by merely striking the wedge 516 with a hammer.
[0088] Referring to FIGS. 30 to 34, there is illustrated generally
a platform means in accordance with another embodiment of the
present invention. FIGS. 30 to 32 and FIG. 33 show two different
assemblies 600 and 601 respectively of the platform using generally
the same parts. Thus, except as noted, the following description
applies equally to both assemblies. It is considered difficult to
clean up debris which accumulates on the floor of a platform. In
order to congregate the debris at the center of the platform where
it can be more easily removed, in accordance with another
embodiment of the present invention, the platform 600 is assembled
to have a pair of inclined floor portions 602 which meet generally
along a longitudinal centerplane, illustrated at 604, and a gutter
606 is attached to the floor portions as described hereinafter. A
suitable angle of inclination, illustrated at 608, may be, for
example, about 10 degrees. A suitable vibrator, illustrated at 610,
is suitably attached to each floor portion 602 to vibrate the
debris toward the gutter 606.
[0089] Each floor portion 602 is assembled similarly as described
elsewhere in this specification, i.e., panels 300 are laid
side-by-side on cables 70 which pass through eyelets 518 formed by
connectors 612, which may be any of the connectors heretofore shown
and described, and auxiliary tie-up cables 32 are attached between
the connectors 612 and existing bridge stringers 276 by means of a
beam flange clamp hanger 614 or other suitable means. Other
suitable auxiliary support means may be provided such as, for
example, rigid tie-up assemblies, which comprise one tube
telescopingly received within another tube to allow adjustment to
the correct height. The upper end of one tube is connected to a
bridge stringer 276, and the lower end of the other tube is
connected to the respective connector 612. The tubes each have a
number of apertures spaced over its length, and, after a pair of
apertures in the tubes are aligned at the adjusted position, a pin
is inserted in the aligned apertures. A suitable perimeter
protection structure, illustrated at 615, may be suitably erected
along the sides of the floor portions. As seen in FIG. 31, the
gutter 606, which is a suitable shaped piece of sheet metal, has
edge portions 616 which engage edge portions of the panels 300 and
attached together by the connectors 612.
[0090] FIGS. 32 to 34 show beam bracket assemblies, illustrated
generally at 620, for attaching the cables 70 at one end to the
existing bridge structure, i.e., girders 276, so as to adjustably
allow flexibility in placement of the platform portions 602 in
height and spacing of the cables as well as at any desired angle
608 of inclination, i.e., inclined, as shown in FIGS. 30 to 32,
including level, as shown in FIG. 33. It should be understood that
like assemblies are provided for attaching the cables at their
other ends. In FIGS. 30 to 32, one of the assemblies 620 is for
attaching the cables for one of the floor portions 602, and the
other assembly is for attaching the cables for the other floor
portion 602. Thus, for the inclined platform of FIGS. 30 to 32,
there are 4 assemblies which may be identical, but may not
necessarily be identical, and the platform, whether inclined or
level, may be erected differently using substantially the same
components due to the particulars of the bridge structure. Each
assembly 620 comprises a pair of posts 622 attached to opposite
flanges 624 of one bridge stringer or girder 276 each by means of
an upper flanged plate 626 and a lower plate 628 to which the post
is welded or otherwise suitably attached to extend downwardly
therefrom. Each assembly 620 also comprises another pair of posts
622 similarly attached to opposite flanges 624 of another girder
276. Each girder flange 624 is sandwiched between the respective
plates 626 and 628, which have portions 632 which extend outwardly
of the flange 624. The flange 634 on the outer portion 632 of the
upper plate 626 engages the outer portion 632 of the lower-plate,
and bolt and nut fasteners 630 are applied to the outer portions
632 to clamp the flange 624 between the plates 626 and 628. Such a
means for attaching the vertically downwardly extending posts 622
desirably allows for various girder flange thicknesses and
widths.
[0091] A cable support beam 636 extends generally cross-wise to the
posts 622 and is adjustably attached thereto by means, for each
post, of upper and lower brackets 638 and 640 which are attached
(by nut and bolt fasteners 642 or other suitable means) to both
posts for the respective girder and between which the cable support
beam 636 is sandwiched and attached (by nut and bolt fasteners 644
or other suitable means). Whereas two support beams 636 are used
for the inclined platform 600 of FIGS. 30 to 32, a single support
beam is preferred for the level platform 601 of FIG. 33. The
lengths of the support beams 636 will of course depend on the
desired width of the platform. A cable attachment bracket 646 to
which an end of a cable 70 is suitably attached is optionally
disposed between a pair of posts 622 and attached to the brackets
638 and 640 by nut and bolt fasteners 648 or other suitable means.
Each post 622 has a number of holes, illustrated at 650 in FIG. 35,
along its length (and the brackets also have a number of holes 652)
for receiving bolts to allow the cable support beam 636 to be
adjustably mounted at various heights as desired, including
inclining the brackets 638 and 640, as illustrated in FIG. 32, to
achieve a desired angle 608 of inclination of the floor portions
602.
[0092] A plurality of cable connector assemblies 180 are spaced
along each of the support beams 636 and to which the ends of the
cables 70 are attached. As more fully discussed with reference to
FIG. 6, each assembly 180 comprises a shackle plate to which the
respective cable is connected and a second plate connected to the
shackle plate, the plates clampingly connected to the support beam
636 which is sandwiched therebetween.
[0093] In accordance with-the present invention, the position of
each of the cable connector assemblies 180 is adjustable along the
length of the respective support beam 636 so that the number and
spacings of the cables 70 may be varied as desired by merely
loosening the assembly 180 and sliding it along the support beam
636.
[0094] In order to brace the beam bracket assembly 620 against the
forces applied by the cables, a bracing beam 652 is suitably
attached such as by means of a suitable bracket 654 welded thereto
and nut and bolt fasteners 656 to the lower end portion of each
post 622 and extends therefrom upwardly and inwardly (in a
direction toward the other end of the platform) at an angle with
the vertical of, for example, about 45 degrees to the respective
bridge girder flange 624. The bracing beam 652 is connected to the
flange 624 similarly as the post is connected, i.e., by a plate 658
welded to the bracing beam and a flanged plate 660, which are
similar to plates 628 and 626 respectively, and by nut and bolt
fasteners 662 or other suitable means. A pair of spaced plates 664
are each attached to the respective pair of bracing beams 652 by
suitable means such as nut and bolt fasteners 666 to keep them from
spreading apart and otherwise brace them. A pair of plates 668,
spaced from brackets 626 and 628, are attached to opposite sides of
the respective pair of posts 622 by suitable means such as nut and
bolt fasteners 670 to, along with the brackets 638 and 640, keep
them from spreading apart and otherwise brace them. Depending on
the position of the brackets 638 and 640, the plates 668 may be
positioned below the brackets 638 and 640, as seen for the outer
posts 622 in FIG. 32, or above the brackets 638 and 640, as seen
for the inner posts 622 in FIG. 32 and in the assembly of FIG.
33.
[0095] The assemblies of FIGS. 30 to 32 and of FIG. 33 are of
substantially the same components assembled differently. In order
to allow such flexibility as well as the flexibility of attaching
the platform to bridge structures of various sizes and shapes, the
various brackets and plates and posts have a multiplicity of
fastener receiving holes to allow for various differences in bridge
structure dimensions as well as various differences in shapes of
platforms to be erected.
[0096] It should be understood that, while the present invention
has been described in detail herein, the invention can be embodied
otherwise without departing from the principles thereof, and such
other embodiments are meant to come within the scope of the present
invention as defined by the appended claims.
* * * * *