U.S. patent application number 09/948215 was filed with the patent office on 2003-06-26 for weight reduction and maintenance method for animals.
Invention is credited to Brown, James H..
Application Number | 20030118674 09/948215 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25487490 |
Filed Date | 2003-06-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030118674 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Brown, James H. |
June 26, 2003 |
Weight reduction and maintenance method for animals
Abstract
Disclosed is a "Pet Food Formulation System" (PFFS) that is a
"treatment system" that results in loss of weight by pets consuming
ad libitum, or in controlled rations, a reduced calorie pet food.
The PFFS will comprise the use of jojoba meal (JM) in the form of
whole fat jojoba seed flour (WFJSF), expeller pressed jojoba seed
meal, and/or solvent extracted jojoba seed meal, in combination
with simmondsin concentrate (SC) and jojoba oil (JO), such
combinations designed to both reduce the quantity of pet food
consumed by the pet and at the same time reduce the level of
calories contributed by the pet food that is consumed. Simmondsin
concentrate and the natural simmondsin content of jojoba meal
contained in a pet food for consumption by either dogs or cats
serves to reduce pet appetite and therefore the amount of food that
the pet is inclined to consume. The reduced food consumption is not
due to reduced acceptability of the food by the pet, rather through
the mechanism of reduced appetite produced by the simmondsin in the
pet food.
Inventors: |
Brown, James H.;
(Scottsdale, AZ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
The Halvorson Law Firm
Ste. 1
405 W. Southern Ave.
Tempe
AZ
85282
US
|
Family ID: |
25487490 |
Appl. No.: |
09/948215 |
Filed: |
September 8, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/757 ;
514/42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K 10/30 20160501;
A61K 36/185 20130101; A23K 20/163 20160501; A23K 50/40 20160501;
A23K 20/10 20160501 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/757 ;
514/42 |
International
Class: |
A61K 035/78; A61K
031/7024 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A weight loss or maintenance food formulation comprising: a. an
effective amount of an appetite suppressant; and b. an effective
amount of a reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute.
2. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the appetite
suppressant further comprises a short-term appetite suppressant and
a long-term appetite suppressant.
3. The food formulation according to claim 2 wherein the short-term
appetite suppressant is comprised of a simmondsin compound.
4. The food formulation according to claim 3 wherein the simmondsin
compound of the short-term appetite suppressant is a concentrated
simmondsin compound that is more concentrated than the naturally
occurring concentration found in jojoba seeds or jojoba meal.
5. The food formulation according to claim 2 wherein the long-term
appetite suppressant is comprised of a simmondsin compound.
6. The food formulation according to claim 5 wherein the simmondsin
compound of the long-term appetite suppressant is in the form of
jojoba meal.
7. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is isolated from a natural
botanical product.
8. The food formulation according to claim 7 wherein the natural
product is jojoba seed.
9. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a
liquid form.
10. The food formulation according to claim 9 wherein the liquid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba
oil.
11. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a
solid form.
12. The food formulation according to claim 11 wherein the solid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is whole
or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
13. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a
liquid form and at least a solid form.
14. The food formulation according to claim 13 wherein the liquid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba
oil.
15. The food formulation according to claim 13 wherein the solid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is whole
or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
16. The food formulation according to claim 13 wherein the liquid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba
oil and the solid form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid
substitute is whole or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
17. The food formulation according to claim 1 wherein the appetite
suppressant is further comprised of a component that is a
concentrated form of simmondsin compound and a component that is a
naturally occurring concentration of simmondsin compound and the
reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at
least a liquid form and at least a solid form.
18. The food formulation according to claim 17 wherein the liquid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba
oil and the solid form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid
substitute is whole or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
19. A weight loss or maintenance food formulation comprising: a.
jojoba oil ranging from 0 to 9% by weight of the food formulation;
b. a simmondsin compound that is more concentrated than the
naturally occurring concentration found in jojoba seed and ranging
from 0 to 2% by weight of the food formulation. c. whole or
partially fatted jojoba seed flour ranging from 0 to 10% by weight
of the food formulation; wherein the concentration of the jojoba
oil and whole or partially fatted jojoba seed flour are not both 0
at the same time and the concentration of the concentrated
simmondsin compound and the whole fatted jojoba seed flour are not
both 0 at the same time.
20. A method for providing weight loss or maintenance to an animal
comprising the step of providing to the animal a short-term
appetite suppressant and a long-term appetite suppressant.
21. The method according to claim 20 wherein the short-term
appetite suppressant is a simmondsin compound that is more
concentrated that the naturally occurring concentration found in
jojoba seed or jojoba meal.
22. The method according to claim 20 wherein the long-term appetite
suppressant is a simmondsin compound that is in the naturally
occurring concentration found in jojoba seed or jojoba meal.
23. The method according to claim 22 wherein the naturally
occurring concentration of simmondsin compound is provided by at
least whole or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
24. The method according to claim 20 further including the step of
providing to the animal a reduced calorie contribution lipid
substitute.
25. The method according to claim 24 wherein the reduced calorie
contribution lipid substitute is jojoba oil.
26. The method according to claim 25 wherein the jojoba oil is
provided in at least a neat form.
27. The method according to claim 25 wherein the jojoba oil is
provided by at least whole or partially fatted jojoba seed
flour.
28. The method according to claim 25 wherein the jojoba oil is
provided by at least neat jojoba oil and at least whole or
partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
29. The method according to claim 24 wherein the short-term
appetite suppressant is in a form more concentrated than the
naturally occurring concentration found in jojoba seed and the
long-term appetite suppressant is in a form that is in the
naturally occurring concentration found in jojoba seed or jojoba
meal; and the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is
jojoba oil.
30. The method according to claim 29 wherein the jojoba oil is
provided by at least neat jojoba oil and at least whole or
partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition that is
useful for weight reduction and/or maintenance in animals,
preferably companion animals such as dogs, cats and the like. More
specifically, the present invention relates to pet food
compositions that include both an appetite suppressant and a
calorie replacement, which are obtained from natural botanical
sources. Methods of treating overweight animals, and weight
maintenance using the disclosed compositions are also
disclosed.
BACKGROUND
[0002] In an affluent society obesity is the most common
nutritional disease of animals such as humans, but especially of
companion pets such as dogs and cats. Obesity generally is
considered present when body weight of the animals, such as a
companion pet, is 15% or more than the optimum weight value, which
is the point at which health problems are increasingly manifest
with increasing weight. Obesity exceeds by far all deficiency
diseases combined. For example, it has been reported that, in
affluent societies, from 24% to 44% of the companion dogs are
obese. Generally speaking, the incidence of obesity in companion
pets increases with the age of the pet. Similar to humans, as the
animals age, exercise decreases, body fat increases and the amount
of lean body mass decreases.
[0003] Because obesity develops gradually, a companion pet owner
may be unaware of the overweight condition until it is called to
his or her attention. Rarely is an animal presented to a
veterinarian solely for the problem of obesity, but instead because
of shortness of breath, routine immunizations, or arthritic or
rheumatic symptoms. It is not uncommon that obesity is the
predisposing cause of the condition noticed by the owner, although
the obesity itself may not be noticed. For example, in one study it
was observed that nearly one-third of the owners of obese dogs did
not realize that their dogs were overweight.
[0004] The cause of obesity in companion pets is quite
simple--energy or calorie intake in excess of that utilized.
However, the factors causing this are not quite so simple. Some
animals are known to be "easy keepers". That is, they become
overweight while being fed commercial pet foods in amounts adequate
for normal adult maintenance, and in the same amount and manner as
their companions who may maintain optimum weight.
[0005] In most instances, in companion pet obesity there are two
stages--an initial phase and a static phase. The basic cause of the
initial phase is a dietary energy intake in excess of that
utilized, resulting in a positive energy balance which is deposited
as fat. In the static phase, dietary intake is reduced in
accordance with energy needs so that body weight remains constant
in the obese state. Thus, the amount of food required for
maintaining the animal in the obese state is no greater, and in
fact is often less, than that required for maintaining the normal,
non-obese state.
[0006] Thus, the only successful way for reducing companion animals
is a drastic food or calorie intake reduction, or a combination of
both. However, none of the diets currently available have proven
satisfactory to many people or pets for reasons including increased
stool volumes, reduced palatability, poor hair coats as a result of
the diets' low fat content, but primarily because the diets do not
sufficiently decrease the animals' hunger. When this occurs, the
companion pets often scavenge and/or beg for food because of the
sensation of constant hunger. As a result, the animal finds
additional food, or pet owners feed the animal to stop the begging
with the result being that no weight reduction occurs.
[0007] In short, it can be seen that for companion pets successful
weight reduction involves not only decreased food intake, but as
well an interdisciplinary, psychological treatment that involves
the interrelationship between the companion animal and its human
owner. This complex psychological interdependency makes weight
reduction in companion pets even more difficult than it otherwise
might be. In short, success at pet weight reduction involves
initially convincing the owner that weight reduction is needed for
the long-term health of their pet; secondly, the animal's food and
calorie intake must be decreased for a sustained and regular period
of time sufficient for weight reduction to occur; and third, the
animal must be inhibited from constant scavenging and/or begging
which tempts the owner to give in and increase the food intake to
stop the begging.
[0008] In the past, certain drugs have been used in the treatment
of obesity in mammals, including companion pets. These include
drugs which decrease appetite such as amphetamines, drugs which
cause nausea, decrease intestinal absorption, or increase metabolic
rate such as thyroid hormones, and finally, drugs which either
tranquilize or act as diuretics. None of the above drugs are
generally effective. They often cause side effects, and tests of
most have shown that such drugs are not only expensive, but also
ineffective in that when ad libitum fed with food, the animals
often tend to avoid the food that contains the drug.
[0009] It therefore can be seen that there is a real and continuing
need for a treatment for overweight mammals, and especially
companion pets, which is safe, efficacious, and which can
successfully result in obesity reduction without changing the
animal's behavioral patterns to such an extent that its
relationship with its owner is changed. There is a further need for
a treatment that safely and sufficiently inhibits hunger or induces
satiety in the animals.
[0010] This invention has, as its primary objective, the
fulfillment of these needs.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0011] It is an object of the present invention to provide a weight
loss or maintenance method and food formulation comprising an
effective amount of an appetite suppressant; and an effective
amount of a reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute.
[0012] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and food formulation as above wherein the appetite
suppressant further comprises a short-term appetite suppressant and
a long-term appetite suppressant.
[0013] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
a method and food formulation as above wherein the short-term
appetite suppressant is comprised of a simmondsin compound.
[0014] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
method and food formulation as above wherein the simmondsin
compound of the short-term appetite suppressant is a concentrated
simmondsin compound that is more concentrated than the naturally
occurring concentration found in jojoba seeds or jojoba meal.
[0015] It is yet a further object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the
long-term appetite suppressant is comprised of a simmondsin
compound.
[0016] It is still yet a further object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the
simmondsin compound of the long-term appetite suppressant is in the
form of jojoba meal.
[0017] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and food formulation as above wherein the reduced calorie
contribution lipid substitute is isolated from a natural botanical
product.
[0018] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
a method and food formulation as above wherein the natural product
is jojoba seed.
[0019] It is still yet another object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a
liquid form.
[0020] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
method and food formulation as above wherein the liquid form of the
reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba oil.
[0021] It is still a further object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the reduced
calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a
solid form.
[0022] It is still yet a further object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the solid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is whole
or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
[0023] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
method and food formulation as above wherein the reduced calorie
contribution lipid substitute is provided in at least a liquid form
and at least a solid form.
[0024] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide
a method and food formulation as above wherein the appetite
suppressant is further comprised of a component that is a
concentrated form of simmondsin compound and a component that is a
naturally occurring concentration of simmondsin compound and the
reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is provided in at
least a liquid form and at least a solid form.
[0025] It is still yet another object of the present invention to
provide a method and food formulation as above wherein the liquid
form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute is jojoba
oil and the solid form of the reduced calorie contribution lipid
substitute is whole or partially fatted jojoba seed flour.
[0026] The novel features that are considered characteristic of the
invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The invention itself, however, both as to its structure and its
operation together with the additional object and advantages
thereof will best be understood from the following description of
the preferred embodiment of the present invention when read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless specifically
noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the
specification and claims be given the ordinary and accustomed
meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable art or arts.
If any other meaning is intended, the specification will
specifically state that a special meaning is being applied to a
word or phrase. Likewise, the use of the words "function" or
"means" in the Description of Preferred Embodiments is not intended
to indicate a desire to invoke the special provision of 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.112, paragraph 6 to define the invention. To the contrary, if
the provisions of 35 U.S.C. .sctn.112, paragraph 6, are sought to
be invoked to define the invention(s), the claims will specifically
state the phrases "means for" or "step for" and a function, without
also reciting in such phrases any structure, material, or act in
support of the function. Even when the claims recite a "means for"
or "step for" performing a function, if they also recite any
structure, material or acts in support of that means of step, then
the intention is not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.112, paragraph 6. Moreover, even if the provisions of 35
U.S.C. .sctn.112, paragraph 6, are invoked to define the
inventions, it is intended that the inventions not be limited only
to the specific structure, material or acts that are described in
the preferred embodiments, but in addition, include any and all
structures, materials or acts that perform the claimed function,
along with any and all known or later-developed equivalent
structures, materials or acts for performing the claimed
function.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0027] The present invention is useful for weight reduction and/or
maintenance in animals, such as companion pets. The present
invention is a food composition, the "Pet Food Formulation System"
(PFFS), that is a "treatment system" that results in loss of weight
by animals, such as pets, consuming ad libitum or a controlled
rationing of a reduced calorie pet food. A preferred PFFS comprises
a botanical based appetite suppressant and a botanical based
reduced calorie contribution lipid substitute. A most preferred
PFFS comprises jojoba meal in the form of whole fat jojoba seed
flour (WFJSF), expeller pressed jojoba seed meal, and/or solvent
extracted jojoba seed meal (generally referred to as partially
fatted jojoba seed flour or PFJSF), in combination with simmondsin
concentrate (SC), and jojoba oil (JO), which are designed to both
reduce the quantity of pet food consumed by the pet and, at the
same time, reduce the level of calories contributed by lipids in
the pet food that is consumed.
[0028] Jojoba, Simmondsia chinensis, is native to the desert
Southwestern United States and Mexico. It is currently being grown
on about 8,500 hectares worldwide. Jojoba seeds contain a unique
wax ester in a lipid phase (oil) that is 40 to 60% of the seed
weight. This oil is currently used in cosmetics and lubricants. The
remainder of the seed, defatted seed meal, which still contains a
fraction of jojoba oil, is not commercially used as much as the
extracted oil, even though it contains about 25% crude protein
after the oil is removed. In addition to the crude protein, the
defatted seed meal contains sugars and 11-15% of a unique group of
natural products, all structurally related to simmondsin and its
analogues. Cokeleare et al. (1995, Ind. Crops Prod., 4:91-96) have
shown that simmondsin and its analogues are an effective appetite
suppressant that reduces food intake in mice, rats and chickens.
Thus, jojoba seed meal has been used for its simmondsin content to
regulate the food intake of animals, see for example U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,962,043 and 6,245,364, which are incorporated herein by
reference. Therefore the reduced food intake by animals consuming
jojoba meal in their food is not due to reduced acceptability of
the food by the animal, rather through the mechanism of appetite
suppression produced by the simmondsin in the food.
[0029] Simmondsin delivered in the form of simmondsin concentrate
serves to induce an almost immediate decrease in the appetite of
the pet as the pet begins to consume the food. The simmondsin in
the WFJSF or PSJFS serves as a time-release mechanism for
simmondsin, wherein the release time depends upon the WFJSF or
PSJFS granulation size and the duration depends upon the
concentration of the WFJSF or PSJFS. Thus, a combination of both
simmondsin concentrate and WFJSF and/or PSJFS in a pet food
formulation can be designed to deliver both an immediate decrease
in appetite as well as a longer term or delayed decrease in
appetite.
[0030] In the most preferred embodiment, the reduced calorie
contribution lipid substitute, preferably jojoba oil (or its
derivatives such as hydrogenated jojoba oil, partially saturated
jojoba oil, and the like) that is added neat, or as the natural
jojoba oil content of WFJSF and/or PSJFS, is a reduced calorie
contribution lipid substitute or partial lipid substitute for
ordinary vegetable oil typically used in pet food formulations.
Triglyceride vegetable oils typically comprise the major lipid
component of such formulations. By substituting jojoba oil for a
portion of the triglyceride vegetable oil in the present invention
the net caloric contribution of the lipid component of the pet food
formulation is reduced and therefore the total calories realized by
any animal consuming such formulation is also reduced.
[0031] Jojoba oil (or Jojoba waxes) are liquid above 10.degree. C.
and are a mixture of linear esters of monounsaturated, long-chain
fatty acids and long-chain primary fatty alcohols. While jojoba
oils have a higher gross energy value (10.3 kcal/g) as compared to
triglyceride vegetable oils or other triacylglycerol fats (9
kcal/g), they are poorly digested and result in a reduced calorie
contribution (5.4 kcal/g) when included in a food formulation.
Moreover, dietary jojoba oil has been found to lead to significant
reduction in blood cholesterol. Finally, jojoba oil is resistant to
oxidation, thereby prolonging the shelf live of the food
formulation, as compared to most other triglyceride vegetable oil
formulations.
[0032] Whole fatted jojoba seed flour (WFJSF) is the product of the
grinding of whole jojoba seeds. The jojoba oil content of WFJSF is
the same as that of jojoba seed; the natural jojoba oil content of
jojoba seed may vary from as low as 40% to as high as 60% in some
varieties of jojoba which would result in the WFJSF containing 40%
to 60% jojoba oil. The particle size of the WFJSF can be controlled
in the grinding operation so that fractions of 20/60 mesh and/or
60/100 mesh (or any other range of particle sizes that may be
desired) are produced. The natural simmondsin content of the WFJSF
is approximately 5% which is the same as the simmondsin content of
unground jojoba seed. The natural simmondsin content in jojoba seed
may vary from as low as 2% to as high as 8% in some varieties,
which would result in flour containing 2% to 8% simmondsin.
[0033] In typical oilseed crushing facilities jojoba oil is
extracted from jojoba seed by passing the seed through expeller
presses or through equipment known as expanders. Both types of
equipment result in a physical (rather than chemical) removal by
pressing of jojoba oil from jojoba seed. Jojoba oil extracted from
this physical pressing is one product of the operation, while
expeller or expander presscake (EPC) is the other product of the
operation. EPC is also known as jojoba "meal". Simmondsin is not
soluble in jojoba oil and therefore is concentrated in the EPC
fraction of the output of the press. The particle size of the
resulting EPC can be controlled in a grinding operation so that
fractions of 20/60 mesh and/or 60/100 mesh (or any other range of
particle sizes that may be desired) are produced. EPC typically
contains 9% residual jojoba oil although the residual oil content
can be varied through adjustment of the equipment so that the EPC
contains as little as 5% to as much as 40% retained jojoba oil.
[0034] Following the expeller or expander pressing of jojoba oil
from jojoba seed, EPC is typically passed through a solvent
extraction operation in which a solvent such as hexane is used to
extract any residual jojoba oil remaining in the EPC. Simmondsin is
not soluble in hexane and is therefore concentrated in the solvent
extracted press cake (SEPC) emerging from the solvent extraction
operation. This SEPC is also known as solvent extracted jojoba
meal. In efficient solvent extraction facilities the residual
jojoba oil content of the SEPC will be near zero, but is usually
about 1%. The particle size of the resulting SEPC can be controlled
in a grinding operation so that fractions of 20/60 mesh and/or
60/100 mesh (or any other range of particle sizes that may be
desired) are produced. For the purpose of this application, SEPC
and EPC together will be referred to as partially fatted jojoba
seed flour (PFJSF), the product of the grinding of expeller or
expander pressed jojoba seed meal or solvent extracted jojoba seed
meal.
[0035] Jojoba oil occurs naturally in jojoba seed in a range from
about 40% to about 60%. Simmondsin occurs naturally in jojoba seed
in a range of about 2% to about 8%. As jojoba oil is removed from
jojoba seed by expeller or expander presses, solvent extraction
equipment, or a combination of these different equipment,
simmondsin is concentrated in the residual meal. By way of example,
jojoba seed containing the minimum 40% jojoba oil and 2%
simmondsin, after complete processing to remove jojoba oil would
result in SEPC containing about 3% simmondsin. Likewise, jojoba
seed containing the maximum 60% jojoba oil and 8% simmondsin, after
complete processing to remove jojoba oil would result in SEPC
containing about 20% simmondsin. Graph 1 illustrates the range of
concentrations of jojoba oil and simmondsin naturally occurring in
jojoba seed and the resulting concentration of simmondsin when all
or some of the jojoba oil has been removed from the seed by the
different methods.
[0036] Any one of the above examples, i.e. WFJSF, or PFJSF can be
used in the PFFS as a vehicle for the delivery of jojoba oil or
simmondsin, or for the delivery of both. For the purpose of this
application WFJSF will be used in all examples although EPC, SEPC
(PFJSF) or a combination of two or all three forms may be used
depending upon the objectives of the formulator.
[0037] Optimum amounts of WFJSF, SC and JO in a pet food
formulation depend upon the particular animal or pet and the
condition targeted for treatment. As an example, a PFFS may be
prepared that will result in pets consuming between 50% and 95% the
amount of pet food ordinarily consumed. The caloric contribution of
the PFFS consumed can be adjusted so that the pet realizes as
little as 40% of the calories contained in a normal pet food with
little decrease in lipid content. This range of pet food
consumption and caloric contribution can be adjusted so that the
pets experience rapid weight loss (3-7% or greater of body weight
per week), controlled weight loss (3% or less of body weight loss
per week), or for weight maintenance of the pet.
[0038] The following are examples of the use of combinations of
WFJSF, SC and JO and ordinary vegetable oil in pet food
formulations and are calculated so that the pet will realize
various ratios of calories and simmondsin when the formulation is
fed to the pet. The form of the simmondsin delivery vehicle, i.e.
simmondsin concentrate or WFJSF, together with the granulation of
the WFJSF, are calculated to provide a more immediate or long-term
(or both) release of simmondsin to the pet, and therefore a more
immediate or longer term (or both) decrease of appetite in the
pet.
[0039] These examples do not take into account the caloric or
nutrient content of other ingredients used in pet food formulations
except that the assumption is made that the other ingredients in
the formulation would contribute approximately 2% of the lipid
fraction of the complete formulation. In these examples it is
anticipated that a total lipid fraction of 12%, typical of a diet
type pet food formulation, will result in a pet food with
satisfactory taste for the pet although some dry pet foods may
contain as much as 16% or more lipid component, typical for a
regular pet food formulation.
[0040] Example Calculation Parameters:
[0041] WFJSF=50% JO and contains 5% simmondsin;
[0042] SC=50% simmondsin;
[0043] JO=contributes 5.4 Calories per gram;
[0044] Triglyceride vegetable oil=9 Calories per gram
[0045] WFJSF(1)=-20/60 mesh (coarse granulation)
[0046] WFJSF(2)=-60/100 mesh (fine granulation)
[0047] An ordinary formula containing 12% lipid fraction from
triglyceride vegetable oil would deliver approximately 108 lipid
calories per 100 gm of pet food; 16% lipid fraction would deliver
approximately 144 lipid calories per 100 gm of pet food.
EXAMPLE 1
[0048] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 10 grams or 83.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 67.5 lipid calories contributed or 62.5% of a conventional
diet. Further, 50% of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 50% of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from a combination of fine and
coarse ground WFJSF; thereby providing approximately equal
short-term and long-term appetite suppression.
1 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 10.0 0.5 5.0 27.0 25.0 (1),
(2) SC 1.0 0.5 0.0 JO 5.0 0.0 5.0 22.5 20.8 Vegetable 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oil Other 84.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 1.0 12.0
67.0 62.5
EXAMPLE 2
[0049] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 7 grams or 58.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 82.2 lipid calories contributed or 76.7% of a conventional
diet. Further, 90% of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 10% of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from fine ground WFJSF; thereby
providing a stronger short-term appetite suppression compared to
the long-term appetite suppression.
2 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(2) 2.0 0.1 1.0 5.4 5.0 SC
1.8 0.9 0.0 JO 6.0 0.0 6.0 32.4 30.0 Vegetable 3.0 0.0 3.0 27.0
25.0 Oil Other 87.2 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 1.0
12.0 82.8 76.7
EXAMPLE 3
[0050] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. Further,
100% of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided from the
simmondsin concentrate with none of the simmondsin content in this
diet provided from WFJSF; thereby providing short-term appetite
suppression with relatively little long-term appetite
suppression.
3 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 0.0 0.0 0.0 SC 2.0 1.0 0.0
JO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vegetable 10.0 0.0 10.0 90.0 83.3 Oil Other 88.0 0.0
2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 1.0 12.0 108.0 100
EXAMPLE 4
[0051] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 10 grams or 83.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 72.0 lipid calories contributed or 67.7% of a conventional
diet. Further, 1/3 of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 2/3 of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from coarse ground WFJSF; thereby
providing a greater long-term appetite suppression relative to
short-term appetite suppression.
4 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(1) 2.0 0.1 1.0 5.4 5.0 SC
0.1 0.05 0.0 JO 9.0 0.0 9.0 48.6 45.0 Vegetable 0.0 0.0 0.0 Oil
Other 88.9 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.15 12.0 72.0
67.7
EXAMPLE 5
[0052] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 7 grams or 58.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results a total of
only 82.8 lipid calories or 76.7% of a conventional diet. Further,
1/3 of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided from the
simmondsin concentrate and 2/3 of the simmondsin content in this
diet is provided from coarse ground WFJSF; thereby providing a
greater long-term appetite suppression relative to short-term
appetite suppression.
5 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(1) 2.0 0.1 1.0 5.4 5.0 SC
0.1 0.05 0.0 JO 6.0 0.0 6.0 32.4 30.0 Vegetable 3.0 0.0 3.0 27.0
25.0 Oil Other 88.9 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.15
12.0 82.8 76.7
EXAMPLE 6
[0053] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With none of the lipid fraction coming from jojoba oil
(either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total of 108.0
lipid calories contributed or 100% of a conventional diet. Further,
100% of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided from the
simmondsin concentrate with none of the simmondsin content in this
diet provided from WFJSF; thereby providing short-term appetite
suppression with relatively little long-term appetite
suppression.
6 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 0.0 0.0 0.0 SC 0.3 0.15 0.0
JO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vegetable 10.0 0.0 10.0 90.0 83.3 Oil Other 89.7 0.0
2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.15 12.0 108.0 100
EXAMPLE 7
[0054] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 10 grams or 83.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 72.0 lipid calories contributed or 66.7% of a conventional
diet. Further, none of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 100% of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from a combination of coarse and
fine ground WFJSF; thereby providing longer term appetite
suppression with relatively little immediate appetite
suppression.
7 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 8.0 0.4 4.0 21.6 20.0 (1),
(2) SC 0.0 0.0 0.0 JO 6.0 0.0 6.0 32.4 30.0 Vegetable 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oil Other 86.0 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.4 12.0
72.0 66.7
EXAMPLE 8
[0055] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 4.0 grams or 33.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 93.6 lipid calories contributed or 86.7% of a conventional
diet. Further, 50% of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 50% of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from a combination of coarse and
fine ground WFJSF; thereby providing approximately equal short-term
and long-term appetite suppression.
8 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 4.0 0.2 2.0 10.8 10.0 (1),
(2) SC 0.4 0.2 0.0 JO 2.0 0.0 2.0 10.8 10.0 Vegetable 6.0 0.0 6.0
54.0 50.0 Oil Othe 87.6 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.4
12.0 93.6 86.7
EXAMPLE 9
[0056] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 1 grams or 8.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (from WFJSF) the diet results in a total of only 104.4
lipid calories contributed or 96.7% of a conventional diet.
Further, 75% of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided
from the simmondsin concentrate and 25% of the simmondsin content
in this diet is provided from fine ground WFJSF; thereby providing
a stronger short-term appetite suppression compared to the
long-term appetite suppression.
9 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional Ingredient
(%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(2) 2.0 0.1 1.0 5.4 5.0 SC
0.6 0.3 0.0 JO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vegetable 9.0 0.0 9.0 81.0 75.0 Oil
Other 88.4 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.4 12.0 104.4
96.7
EXAMPLE 10
[0057] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 10 grams or 83.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results in a total
of only 72.0 lipid calories or 66.7% of a conventional diet.
Further, none of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided
from the simmondsin concentrate and 100% of the simmondsin content
in this diet is provided from a combination of coarse and fine
ground WFJSF; thereby providing long-term appetite suppression with
relatively little short-term appetite suppression.
10 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional
Ingredient (%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF 3.6 0.18 1.8 9.7
9.0 (1), (2) SC 0.0 0.0 0.0 JO 8.2 0.0 8.2 44.3 41.0 Vegetable 0.0
0.0 0.0 Oil Other 88.2 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.18
12.0 72.0 66.7
EXAMPLE 11
[0058] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 7 grams or 58.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (either neat or from WFJSF) the diet results a total of
only 82.8 lipid calories contributed or 76.7% of a conventional
diet. Further, 44% of the simmondsin content in this diet is
provided from the simmondsin concentrate and 56% of the simmondsin
content in this diet is provided from coarse ground WFJSF; thereby
providing a slightly stronger long-term appetite suppression
compared to the short-term appetite suppression.
11 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional
Ingredient (%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(1) 2.0 0.1 1.0
5.4 5.0 SC 0.16 0.08 0.0 JO 6.0 0.0 6.0 32.4 30.0 Vegetable 3.0 0.0
3.0 27.0 25.0 Oil Other 88.84 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total
100 0.18 12.0 82.8 76.7
EXAMPLE 12
[0059] Formula containing 1% simmondsin and 12% lipids. If the 12%
lipids were from conventional lipids they would deliver 108
calories. With 1 gram or 8.3% of the lipid fraction coming from
jojoba oil (from WFJSF) the diet results in a total of only 104.4
lipid calories contributed or 96.7% of a conventional diet.
Further, 44% of the simmondsin content in this diet is provided
from the simmondsin concentrate and 56% of the simmondsin content
in this diet is provided from coarse ground WFJSF; thereby
providing a slightly stronger long-term appetite suppression
compared to the short-term appetite suppression.
12 % of Conven- Quantity Simmondsin Lipid Calories tional
Ingredient (%) (%) (%) Contributed Calories WFJSF(1) 2.0 0.1 1.0
5.4 5.0 SC 0.16 0.08 0.0 JO 0.0 0.0 0.0 Vegetable 9.0 0.0 9.0 81.0
75.0 Oil Other 88.84 0.0 2.0 18.0 16.7 Ingredients Total 100 0.18
12.0 104.4 96.7
[0060] Thus, it can be seen from the above representative examples,
that the food formulations according to the present invention have
three primary variables, a jojoba seed flour (either whole fatted
jojoba seed flour, partially fatted jojoba seed flour, defatted
jojoba seed flour or combinations if the three), simmondsin
concentrate and jojoba oil. The remainder of the formulations
comprise vegetable oil and other ingredients, as are commonly found
in pet food formulations. The three primary variables, JM, SC and
JO may range in concentration from 0-10%, 0-2%, and 0-9%,
respectively, depending upon the weight loss/maintenance effect
designed and depending upon the pet segment and or dietary
condition being treated.
[0061] The preferred embodiment of the invention is described above
in the Drawings and Description of Preferred Embodiments. While
these descriptions directly describe the above embodiments, it is
understood that those skilled in the art may conceive modifications
and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described
herein. Any such modifications or variations that fall within the
purview of this description are intended to be included therein as
well. Unless specifically noted, it is the intention of the
inventor that the words and phrases in the specification and claims
be given the ordinary and accustomed meanings to those of ordinary
skill in the applicable art(s). The foregoing description of a
preferred embodiment and best mode of the invention known to the
applicant at the time of filing the application has been presented
and is intended for the purposes of illustration and description.
It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to
the precise form disclosed, and many modifications and variations
are possible in the light of the above teachings. The embodiment
was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of
the invention and its practical application and to enable others
skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various
embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the
particular use contemplated.
* * * * *