U.S. patent application number 10/242645 was filed with the patent office on 2003-05-29 for polybutene containing denture cleanser compositions.
Invention is credited to Case, Ann Maria, Ernst, Lisa Catron, Glandorf, William Michael, Ha, Thinh Nguyen, Mayer, Christopher Robert, Rajaiah, Jayanth.
Application Number | 20030099603 10/242645 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23058905 |
Filed Date | 2003-05-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030099603 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rajaiah, Jayanth ; et
al. |
May 29, 2003 |
Polybutene containing denture cleanser compositions
Abstract
A denture cleanser composition comprising polybutene, with a
molecular weight of about 300 to about 3000, an effervescence
generator and a bleaching agent. Optionally, denture cleanser
compositions may further comprise tablet binders, organic
peroxyacid bleach precursors, surfactants including a dimethicone
copolyol, lipophilic compounds such as flavorants and coolants,
chelating agents, and other therapeutic and cosmetic active
agents.
Inventors: |
Rajaiah, Jayanth; (Loveland,
OH) ; Ernst, Lisa Catron; (Cincinnati, OH) ;
Case, Ann Maria; (Cincinnati, OH) ; Ha, Thinh
Nguyen; (Cincinnati, OH) ; Glandorf, William
Michael; (Mason, OH) ; Mayer, Christopher Robert;
(Cincinnati, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL TECHNICAL CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Family ID: |
23058905 |
Appl. No.: |
10/242645 |
Filed: |
September 12, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10242645 |
Sep 12, 2002 |
|
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10084870 |
Feb 28, 2002 |
|
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60276976 |
Mar 19, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/53 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/37 20130101; A61K
8/0216 20130101; A61Q 11/02 20130101; A61K 8/02 20130101; A61K 8/41
20130101; A61K 2800/222 20130101; A61K 8/8111 20130101; A61K 8/19
20130101; A61K 8/365 20130101; A61K 8/38 20130101; A61K 8/922
20130101; A61K 8/894 20130101; A61K 8/23 20130101; A61K 8/046
20130101; A61K 8/42 20130101; A61K 8/22 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/53 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/20 |
Claims
What is claimed:
1. A denture cleanser composition comprising a.) polybutene with a
molecular weight of about 300 to about 3000; b.) an inorganic
persalt bleaching agent; and c.) an effervescence generator
2. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1 wherein the
inorganic persalt bleaching agent comprises one or more bleaching
agents selected from the group consisting of alkali metal
persulfates, alkali metal perborates and mixtures thereof.
3. The denture cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein the
effervescence generator comprises a (bi)carbonate/acid effervescent
couple.
4. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1 further comprising a
peroxyacid bleach precursor.
5. The denture cleanser composition of claim 4 wherein the organic
peroxyacid precursor is selected from the group consisting of
acylated polyalkyldiamines and carboxylic esters having the general
formula AcL wherein Ac is the acyl moiety or an organic carboxylic
acid comprising an optionally substituted, linear or branched
C6-C20 alkyl or alkenyl moiety or a C6-C20 alkyl-substituted aryl
moiety and L is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of which has a
pKa in the range of 4 to 13.
6. The denture cleanser composition of claim 5 wherein the organic
peroxyacid precursor is tetraacetylethylenediamine.
7. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1 further comprising a
dental abrasive.
8. The denture cleanser composition of claim 7 wherein the dental
abrasive is at a level from about 10% to about 70% by weight and is
selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina,
aluminosilicates, magnesium and zirconium silicates, calcium
ortho-, pyro- meta- and polyphosphates, calcium and magnesium
carbonates, insoluble metaphosphates and thermosetting polymerized
resins.
9. The denture cleanser composition according to claim 1 further
comprising a binder.
10. The denture cleanser composition according to claim 9 wherein
the binder is present at a level of from about 0.1% to about 10%,
by weight.
11. The denture cleanser composition according to claim 1 further
comprising a chelating agent.
12. The denture cleanser composition according to claim 1 further
comprising a lipophilic compound.
13. The denture cleanser composition of claim 12 wherein the
lipophilic compound comprises a flavorant comprising one or more
flavor components selected from the group consisting of wintergreen
oil, oregano oil, bay leaf oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil,
clove oil, sage oil, sassafras oil, lemon oil, orange oil, anise
oil, benzaldehyde, bitter almond oil, camphor, cedar leaf oil,
marjoram oil, citronella oil, lavender oil, mustard oil, pine oil,
pine needle oil, rosemary oil, thyme oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and
mixtures thereof.
14. The denture cleanser composition of claim 13 wherein the
lipophilic compound comprises antimicrobial compound selected from
thymol, menthol, triclosan, 4-hexylresorcinol, phenol, methyl
paraben, eucalyptol, benzoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, butyl paraben,
methyl paraben, propyl paraben, salicylamides, and mixtures
thereof.
15. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1 further comprising
a surfactant.
16. The denture cleanser composition of claim 15 wherein the
surfactant is a silicone surfactant selected from dimethicone
copolyols, of the general formula (I) 3wherein X is selected from
hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy and acyl groups having from about 1 to
about 16 carbon atoms, Y is CH.sub.3, q is 0, n is from about 1 to
about 100, m is from about 1 to about 40, the molecular weight of
the residue (C.sub.2H.sub.4O--).sub.x(C.sub.3H.sub.6O- --).sub.yX
is from about 50 to about 2000, and x and y are such that the
weight ratio of oxyethylene:oxypropylene is from about 100:0 to
about 0:100.
17. The denture cleanser composition of claim 16 wherein the
surfactant is a dimethicone copolyol, of the general formula (I)
wherein the end-capping group X is methyl and y is 0, and mixtures
thereof.
18. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1, wherein the
polybutene has a molecular weight of from about 500 to about
2200.
19. The denture cleanser composition of claim 1, wherein the
polybutene has a molecular weight of from about 750 to about
1500.
20. The denture cleanser of claim 1 further comprising one or more
denture care active agents selected from the croup consisting of
anti-calculus agents, fluoride ions sources, stannous ion sources,
additional whitening agents, anti-microbial and anti-plaque agents,
anti-inflammatory agents, nutrients, antioxidants, anti-viral
agents, anti-fungal agents, analgesic and anesthetic agents, H-2
antagonists, components other than polybutene which impart a clean
feel to the dentures, pigments and colorants, and mixtures
thereof.
21. The denture cleanser of claim 20 wherein the denture care
active is selected from the group consisting of triclosan, baking
soda, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, nystatin,
grapefruit seed extract, stannous fluoride, tetra sodium
pyrophosphate, mono fluoro phosphate, Opatint D&C Red 27,
polyphosphates, and cetylpyridium chloride.
22. The denture cleanser of claim 20 wherein the polyphosphate is
sodium hexametaphosphate.
23. The denture cleanser composition of claim 20 wherein the
fluoride ion source, if present, is in an amount sufficient to
provide from about 50 ppm to about 3500 ppm of fluoride ions.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No.
10/084,870, filed Feb. 28, 2002 which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Application No. 60/276,976, filed Mar. 19, 2001.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to a cleanser composition that
is especially useful for cleansing dentures and the like. In
particular, the present invention relates to denture cleansing
compositions having enhanced anti-plaque activity together with
excellent denture cleansing performance, which may be used to
deliver additional therapeutic and cosmetic benefits.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Effervescent tablets and powders for cleansing dentures are
well known in the art. The aim of a denture cleanser product is to
clean the denture as fully and as quickly as possible to remove the
accumulation of plaque, mucilaginous and bacterial deposits which
collect while the denture is being worn. To wear a denture, which
has not been completely cleaned of plaque and bacterial deposits,
is not only unhygienic but can also, within a short time, result in
detrimental effects to the mucous membrane. Moreover, bacterial
deposits can lead to so-called bacterial corrosion of the plastics
material used to produce the denture with consequent color change
and malodor formation. Conventional denture cleansers typically do
not maintain actives in the oral cavity long enough to optimally
enhance or prolong the therapeutic, prophylactic and/or cosmetic
benefits provided by the actives. In order to provide a denture
cleanser with sufficient substantivity to provide sustained release
of a denture cleansing agent and optionally additional denture care
actives, the use of polybutene in a denture cleanser composition is
herein disclosed.
[0004] Polybutene is recognized as a component of denture adhesives
and as a gum base. U.S. Pat. No. 5,880,172, issued Mar. 3, 1999, to
Rajaiah, et al., discloses a self-supporting denture adhesive that
is peelable for easy removal, which incorporates polybutene as an
optional ingredient. U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,541, issued Mar. 5, 1996,
to Cutler, relates to a dentifrice chewing gum and teaches the use
of polybutene as an optional gum base. Such known applications
often employ a higher molecular weight polybutene in order to
achieve the desired results.
[0005] In the present invention lower molecular weight polybutene
is incorporated in the denture cleanser composition to provide a
protective coating on the artificial teeth. The lower molecular
weight polybutene is a flowable liquid that achieves good coating
of the denture and is extremely substantive. Sustained release of
the denture cleansing active agent is achieved. Through sustained
release of additional denture care actives optionally incorporated
in the present invention the denture surface receives optimal
therapeutic and cosmetic benefits.
[0006] The present invention provides a denture cleanser
composition that effectively cleanses dentures, dental plates, and
other hard surfaces temporarily fixed within the oral cavity and
provides a coating to the same surfaces thereby preventing the
buildup of plaque and other debris. The coating inhibits and
prevents staining of the denture. This coating also provides a
slick, smooth feel to the denture surface, which consumers view as
an indicator of clean teeth. The coating may also provide sustained
release of other denture care actives and ingredients.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention relates to a denture cleanser
composition comprising polybutene with a molecular weight of about
300 to about 3000; an inorganic persalt bleaching agent; and an
effervescence generator. Additional components may be added to the
present invention including, without limitation, an organic
peroxyacid bleach precursor, lipophilic compounds, dental
abrasives, binders, humectants, surfactants, chelating agents and
other denture care actives.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The denture cleanser compositions of the invention comprise
polybutene, an effervescence generator and an inorganic persalt
bleaching agent. In one embodiment, these essential components are
supplemented by additional components, which may include an organic
peroxyacid bleach precursor, lipophilic compounds, dental
abrasives, binders, humectants, surfactants, chelating agents, and
other cosmetic and therapeutic denture care actives. Each of these
will be discussed in turn.
[0009] Definitions
[0010] The terms "artificial teeth" and "dentures", as used herein,
are meant to include dentures, dental plates, bridges and other
hard surfaces of dental appliances which are temporarily fixed
within the oral cavity and which are typically removed from the
oral cavity for cleaning.
[0011] By "safe and effective amount", as used herein, is meant an
amount of an agent (e.g., anti-calculus agent) high enough to
significantly improve the condition to be treated, but low enough
to avoid serious side effects (at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio),
within the scope of sound medical/dental judgment. The safe and
effective amount of an agent (e.g., anti-calculus agent) may vary
with the particular condition being treated, the age and physical
condition of the patient being treated, the severity of the
condition, the duration of treatment, the nature of concurrent
therapy, the specific form of the source employed, and the
particular vehicle from which the agent is applied.
[0012] The term "non-self supporting" is used to describe a
composition that lacks integrity and strength. In the instant case,
this means that the composition is unable to be detached as one
solid piece from the teeth even after several hours of use in the
mouth. The composition cannot be cut and formed into definite
shapes, such as a sheet or cone, which maintain their initial
dimensions.
[0013] The term "mucoadhesive" or "bioadhesive" as used herein
refers to the phenomenon where a natural or synthetic substance
applied to a wet mucosal epithelium adheres, usually creating a new
interface, to the mucous layer. (CRC Critical Review in Ther Drug
Carrier, Vol.5, Issue 1, p.21 (1988)). Generally, mucoadhesion can
be achieved via physical or chemical processes, or both. This
mechanism is described in Journal of Controlled Release, Vol.2,
p257 (1982) and Journal of Controlled Release, Vol.18 (1992) p.
249. The above references are incorporated by reference herein in
their entirety.
[0014] Herein, the terms "tartar" and "calculus" are used
interchangeably and refer to mineralized dental plaque
biofilms.
[0015] The term "unit dose form" refers to physically discrete
units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other
mammals, each containing a predetermined quantity of active
material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect.
[0016] The term "viscosity" as used herein refers to kinematic
viscosity, measured using the standard test method for Kinematic
Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity), ASTM D-445. As reported, viscosity is measured
at 99.degree. C. (210.degree. F.) unless otherwise indicated. A
sample is placed in a U-shaped "Cannon-Fenske" type viscometer (for
transparent liquids) tube and submerged into a constant temperature
bath. Flow is timed between two marks on the tube and viscosity is
determined by simple calculations dependent on time and a standard
factor supplied by the tube manufacturer.
[0017] "Molecular weight", as referred to herein, is reported as a
number average, determined using gel permeation chromatography. The
number average molecular weight, or arithmetic mean, is a function
of the number of molecules in a given mass of polymer. It is
represented by the formula: 1 M n = N i M i N i = n i M i
[0018] where N.sub.l, represents the number of molecules present
for a given molecular weight, M.sub.l and
n.sub.l=N.sub.l/.SIGMA.N.sub.l is the number fraction of molecular
weight, M.sub.l.
[0019] Percentages and ratios herein are by weight of total
composition, unless otherwise indicated.
[0020] Polybutene
[0021] Polybutene is a viscous copolymer of isobutylene and butene
monomers. "Polybutene", as used herein, refers to both hydrogenated
(CAS #68937-10-0) and unhydrogenated (CAS #9003-29-6) forms of the
polymer. Polybutene is a viscous, colorless, non-drying, liquid
polymer. Forms of polybutenes range from a flowable liquid to a
near semi-solid state. Polybutenes are clear, odorless, chemically
stable, resistant to oxidation by light and heat, non-toxic and
non-hazardous.
[0022] The composition of the present invention comprises
polybutene, generally of a lower molecular weight from about 300 to
about 3000, in another embodiment from about 500 to about 2200, and
in another embodiment from about 750 to about 1500. The viscosity
of the polybutene disclosed herein, ranges from about 30 cSt (centi
Stoke) measured at 38.degree. C. to about 4,500 cSt measured at
99.degree. C., in another embodiment from about 200 cSt measured at
38.degree. C. to about 3,500 cSt measured at 99.degree. C. and in
another embodiment from about 75 cSt measured at 99.degree. C. to
about 70 cSt measured at 99.degree. C. Polybutene comprises from
about 0.01% to about 100%, in another embodiment from about 1% to
about 100%, in yet another embodiment from about 50% to about 100%
by weight of the composition.
[0023] The lower molecular weight polybutene of the present
invention does not exhibit elastomeric properties. Elastomers are
amorphous polymers that have the ability to stretch out and spring
back to their original shapes. Such elastomeric polymers must have
a modest amount of cross-linking to prevent the polymeric chains
from slipping over one another, and the chains must have an
irregular shape to prevent the formation of crystalline regions
within the polymeric chains. Synthetic elastomers, are described in
more detail in Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,
Fourth Edition, Volume 8, Wiley-Interscience Publishers (1996),
pages 934-955, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety,
including all references incorporated into Kirk-Othmer. The
polybutene of the present invention is not cross-linked and does
not exhibit rubbery or elastic behavior. When subjected to a
stretching or bending force, the polybutene of the present
invention does not return to its original shape upon the removal of
the force.
[0024] Lower molecular weight polybutene (Molecular
Weight=300-3000), which is a flowable liquid known for its adhesive
properties, is actually non-mucoadhesive. That is, the polybutene,
while displaying excellent adhesion properties on the hard surfaces
of the oral cavity, will not significantly adhere to the mucosa or
wet, soft tissue of the mouth. Therefore, polybutene is extremely
substantive when applied to the denture, making it suitable for
once daily application and treatment. High retention of the
polybutene is achieved, even when thorough brushing has occurred.
Thus, the polybutene, once applied to the denture surface, is long
lasting, and rinse resistant, which allows for sustained release of
certain optional denture care actives. Importantly, the
compositions of the present invention are not self-supporting
neither before, during, nor after application to the artificial
teeth.
[0025] Once applied to the denture, the polybutene has a very
smooth, slick texture, perceived by the consumer as a desirable,
clean feeling. The polybutene acts as a lubricant and reduces the
friction normally produced when the tongue slides over these
surfaces.
[0026] Suitable polybutenes for use herein include, but are not
limited to: Indopol L-14, Molecular Weight ("MW")=370; Indopol
L-50, MW=455; Indopol L-65, MW=435; Indopol L-100, MW=510, H-15,
MW=600; H-25, MW=670; H-35, MW=725; H-40, MW=750; H-50, MW=815;
H-100, MW=940; H-300, MW=1330; H-1500, MW=2145; H-1900, MW=2270;
Panalane L-14E, MW=370; Panalane H-300E, MW=1330; all trade names
of BP Amoco Chemicals (Chicago, Ill.). Other suitable grades of
polybutene include Parapol 450, MW=420; Parapol 700, MW=700;
Parapol 950, MW=950; Parapol 1300, MW=1300; and Parapol 2500,
MW=2700; all trade names of ExxonMobil Corporation.
[0027] Inorganic Persalt Bleaching Agent
[0028] Another essential element of the composition of the present
invention is a bleaching agent. Typically the bleaching agent takes
the form of an inorganic persalt and can be selected from any of
the well-known bleaching agents known for use in denture cleansers
such as the alkali metal and ammonium persulfates, perborates,
percarbonates and perphosphates and the alkali metal and alkaline
earth metal peroxides. Examples of suitable bleaching agents
include potassium, ammonium, sodium and lithium persulfates and
perborate mono- and tetrahydrates, sodium pyrophosphate
peroxyhydrate and magnesium, calcium, strontium and zinc peroxides.
Of these, however, the alkali metal persulfates, perborates and
mixtures thereof are preferred for use herein. In one embodiment
the inorganic persalt bleaching agent is selected from the alkali
metal perborates. Indeed, it is a feature of the invention that the
tablet compositions herein will provide excellent antimicrobial
activity even in the absence of alkali metal persulfates.
[0029] The amount of bleaching agent in the total composition is
generally from about 5 to about 70% preferably from about 10% to
about 50%. In compositions comprising a mixture of alkali metal
persulfates and perborates, the overall persulfate:perborate ratio
is suitably from about 5:1 to about 1:5, more especially from about
2:1 to about 1:2.
[0030] Effervesence Generator
[0031] The denture cleansing compositions also comprise an
effervescence generator, i.e. a material that, in the presence of
water, releases carbon dioxide or oxygen with effervescence. The
effervescence generator can be selected from generators which are
effective under acid, neutral or alkaline pH conditions, but
preferably it consists of a combination of a generator which is
effective or most effective under acid or neutral pH conditions and
a generator which is effective or most effective under alkaline pH
conditions. Effervescence generators which are effective under acid
or neutral pH conditions include a combination of at least one
alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate,
sodium carbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium carbonate,
potassium bicarbonate, or mixtures thereof, in admixture with at
least one non-toxic, physiologically-acceptable organic acid, such
as tartaric, fumaric, citric, malic, maleic, gluconic, succinic,
salicylic, adipic or sulphamic acid, sodium fumarate, sodium or
potassium acid phosphates, betaine hydrochloride or mixtures
thereof. Of these, malic acid is preferred. Effervescence
generators which are effective under alkaline pH conditions include
persalts such as alkali and alkaline earth metal peroxoborates as
well as perborates, persulphates, percarbonates, perphosphates, and
mixtures thereof as previously described. For example, a mixture of
an alkali metal perborate (anhydrous, mono-, or tetrahydrate) with
a monopersulphate such as Caroat.COPYRGT., marketed by E I du Point
de Nemours Co., which is a 2:1:1 mixture of monopersulphate,
potassium sulphate and potassium bisulphate and which has an active
oxygen content of about 4.5%, is suitable for use herein.
[0032] In one embodiment denture cleansing compositions in tablet
form, incorporate an effervescence generator that takes the form of
a solid base material which in the presence of water releases
carbon dioxide or oxygen with effervescence. Suitably, the solid
base material incorporates a (bi)carbonate/acid effervescent couple
optionally in combination with a perborate/persulphate oxygen
effervescence generator. The combination of generators is valuable
for achieving optimum dissolution characteristics and pH conditions
for achieving optimum cleaning and antimicrobial activity. The
(bi)carbonate components generally comprise from about 5% to about
65%, preferably from about 25% to 55% of the total composition. The
acid components generally comprise from about 5% to about 50%,
preferably from about 10% to about 30% of the total
composition.
[0033] Optional Ingredients
[0034] The denture cleansing compositions of the present invention
can be supplemented by other known components of such formulations.
Denture cleansing compositions of the invention can be supplemented
by other usual components of such formulations, especially organic
peroxyacid bleach precursors; lipophilic compounds including
flavorants, physiological cooling agents, and perfumes;
surfactants; chelating agents; enzymes; dyestuffs; sweeteners;
tablet binders and fillers; foam depressants such as
dimethylpolysiloxanes; foam stabilizers such as the fatty acid
sugar esters; preservatives; lubricants such as talc, magnesium
stearate, finely divided amorphous pyrogenic silicas, etc.; and
additional therapeutic and cosmetic active agents. The free
moisture content of the final composition is desirably less than
about 1% and especially less than about 0.5%.
[0035] Tablet Binders and Fillers
[0036] Tablet binders and fillers suitable for use herein include
polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, poly (oxyethylene) of molecular weight
20,000 to 500,000, polyethyleneglycols of molecular weight of from
about 1000 to about 50,000, Carbowax having a molecular weight of
from 4000 to 20,000, nonionic surfactants, fatty acids, sodium
carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, fatty alcohols, clays, polymeric
polycarboxylates, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium
hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide carbonate, sodium
sulfate, proteins, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, polyvinyl
alcohol, alginic acid esters, vegetable fatty materials of a
pseudocolloidal character. Of the above, polyethyleneglycols are
highly preferred, especially those having molecular weight of from
about 1,000 to about 30,000, preferably from about 12,000 to about
30,000.
[0037] Organic Peroxyacid Bleach Precursors
[0038] In one embodiment the present invention further comprises an
organic peroxyacid precursor, which in general terms can be defined
as a compound having a titre of at least 1.5 ml of 0.1 N sodium
thiosulfate in the following peracid formation test.
[0039] A test solution is prepared by dissolving the following
materials in 1000 mls distilled water:
1 sodium pyrophosphate (Na.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.7.10H.sub.2O) 2.5 g
Sodium perborate (NaBO.sub.2.H.sub.2O.sub.2.3H.sub.2O) having 10.4%
0.615 g available oxygen sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate 0.5 g
[0040] To this solution at 60.degree. C. an amount of activator is
added such that for each atom of available oxygen present one
molecular equivalent of activator is introduced. The mixture
obtained by addition of the activator is vigorously stirred and
maintained at 60.degree. C. After 5 minutes from addition, a 100 ml
portion of the solution is withdrawn and immediately pipetted onto
a mixture of 250 g cracked ice and 15 ml glacial acetic acid.
Potassium iodide (0.4 g) is then added and the liberated iodine is
immediately titrated with 0.1 N sodium thiosulphate with starch as
indicator until the first disappearance of the blue colour. The
amount of sodium thiosulphate solution used in ml is the titre of
the bleach activator.
[0041] The organic peracid precursors are typically compounds
containing one or more acyl groups, which are susceptible to
perhydrolysis. The preferred activators are those of the N-acyl or
O-acyl compound type containing an acyl radical R--CO wherein R is
a hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon group having preferably
from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. Examples of suitable peracid
precursors include:
[0042] 1) Acyl organoamides of the formula RCONR.sub.1R.sub.2,
where RCO is carboxylic acyl radical, R.sub.1 is an acyl radical
and R.sub.2 is an organic radical, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,117,148. Examples of compounds falling under this group
include:
[0043] a) N,N-diacetylaniline and N-acetylphthalimide;
[0044] b) N-acylhydantoins, such as
N,N'-diacetyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin;
[0045] c) Polyacylated alkylene diamines, such as
N,N,N'N'-tetraacetylethy- lenediamine (TAED) and the corresponding
hexamethylenediamine (TAHD) derivatives, as disclosed in
GB-A-907,356, GB-A-907,357 and GB-A-907,358;
[0046] d) Acylated glycolurils, such as tetraacetylglycoluril, as
disclosed in GB-A-1,246,338, GB-A-1,246,339 and GB-A-1,247,429.
[0047] 2) Acylated sulphonamides, such as
N-methyl-N-benzoyl-menthane sulphonamide and N-phenyl-N-acetyl
menthane sulphonamide, as disclosed in GB-A-3,183,266.
[0048] 3) Carboxylic esters as disclosed in GB-A-836,988,
GB-A-963,135 and GB-A-1,147,871. Examples of compounds of this type
include phenyl acetate, sodium acetoxy benzene sulphonate,
trichloroethylacetate, sorbitol hexaacetate, fructose pentaacetate,
p-nitrobenzaldehyde diacetate, isopropeneyl acetate, acetyl aceto
hydroxamic acid, and acetyl salicylic acid. Other examples are
esters of a phenol or substituted phenol with an alpha-chlorinated
lower aliphatic carboxylic acid, such as chloroacetylphenol and
chloroacetylsalicylic acid, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,130,165.
[0049] 4) Carboxylic esters having the general formula AcL wherein
Ac is the acyl moiety of an organic carboxylic acid comprising an
optionally substituted, linear or branched C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl
or alkenyl moiety or a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 alkyl-substituted aryl
moiety and L is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of which has a
pKa in the range from 4 to 13, for example oxybenzenesulfonate or
oxybenzoate. Preferred compounds of this type are those
wherein:
[0050] a) Ac is R.sub.3-CO and R.sub.3 is a linear or branched
alkyl group containing from 6 to 20, in one embodiment 6 to 12, in
another embodiment 7 to 9 carbon atoms and wherein the longest
linear alkyl chain extending from and including the carbonyl carbon
contains from 5 to 18, in one embodiment 5 to 10 carbon atoms,
R.sub.3 optionally being substituted (preferably alpha to the
carbonyl moiety) by Cl, Br, OCH3 or OC.sub.2H.sub.5. Examples of
this class of material include sodium
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate, sodium
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzoate, sodium 2-ethylhexanoyl
oxybenzenesulfonate, sodium nonanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate and
sodium octanoyl oxybenezenesulfonate, the acyloxy group in each
instance preferably being p-substituted;
[0051] b) Ac has the formula R.sub.3(AO).sub.mXA wherein R.sub.3 is
a linear or branched alkyl or alkylaryl group containing from 6 to
20, in one embodiment from 6 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl
moiety, R.sub.5 being optionally substituted by Cl, Br, OCH.sub.3,
or OC.sub.2H.sub.5, AO is oxyethylene or oxypropylene, m is from 0
to 100, X is O, NR.sub.4 or CO--NR.sub.4, and A is CO, CO--CO,
R.sub.6--CO, CO--R.sub.6--CO, or CO--NR.sub.4--R.sub.6--CO wherein
R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.6 is alkylene,
alkenylene, arylene or alkarylene containing from 1 to 8 carbon
atoms in the alkylene or alkenylene moiety. Bleach activator
compounds of this type include carbonic acid derivatives of the
formula R.sub.3(AO).sub.mOCOL, succinic acid derivatives of the
formula R.sub.3OCO(CH.sub.2).sub.2COL, glycollic acid derivatives
of the formula R.sub.3OCH.sub.2COL, hydroxypropionic acid
derivatives of the formula R.sub.3OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2COL, oxalic acid
derivatives of the formula R.sub.3OCOCOL, maleic and fumaric acid
derivatives of the formula R.sub.3OCOCH.dbd.CHCOL, acyl
aminocaproic acid derivatives of the formula
R.sub.3CONR.sub.1(CH.sub.2).sub.6COL, acyl glycine derivatives of
the formula R.sub.3CONR.sub.1CH.sub.2COL, and amino-6-oxocaproic
acid derivatives of the formula
R.sub.3N(R.sub.1)CO(CH.sub.2).sub.4COL. In the above, m is in one
embodiment from 0 to 10, and R3 is in one embodiment
C.sub.6-C.sub.12, in another embodiment C.sub.6-C.sub.10 alkyl when
m is zero and C.sub.9-C.sub.15 when m is non-zero. The leaving
group L is as defined above.
[0052] 5) Acyl-cyanurates, such as triacetyl- or
tribenzoylcyanurates, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,332,882.
[0053] 6) Optionally substituted anhydrides of benzoic or phthalic
acid, for example, benzoic anhydride, m-chlorobenzoic anhydride and
phthalic anhydride.
[0054] In one embodiment, organic peracid precursors are of types
1(c) and 4(a).
[0055] Where present, the level of peroxyacid bleach precursor, by
weight of the total composition, is from about 0.1% to about 10%,
in one embodiment from about 0.5% to about 5% and is generally
added in the form of a bleach precursor agglomerate.
[0056] The bleach precursor agglomerates preferred for use herein
generally comprise a binder or agglomerating agent, selected from
those tablet binders or fillers described above, in a level of from
about 5% to about 40%, in one embodiment from about 10% to about
30% by weight thereof.
[0057] Preferred from the viewpoint of optimum dissolution and pH
characteristics are bleach precursor agglomerates which comprise
from about 10% to about 75%, in one embodiment from about 20% to
about 60% by weight thereof of peroxyacid bleach precursor, from
about 5% to about 60%, in one embodiment from about 5% to about
50%, in another embodiment from about 10% to about 40% of a (bi)
carbonate/acid effervescent couple, from about 0% to about 20% of a
peroxoboroate, and from about 5% to about 40%, in one embodiment
from about 10% to about 30% of an agglomerating agent. The final
bleach precursor granules desirably have an average particle size
of from about 500 to about 1500, in one embodiment from about 500
to about 1,000 um, this being valuable from the viewpoint of
optimum dissolution performance and aesthetics. The level of bleach
precursor agglomerates, moreover, is from about 1% to about 20%, in
one embodiment from about 5% to about 15% by weight of
composition.
[0058] Surfactants
[0059] Another optional ingredient of the denture cleansing
compositions of the invention is a surfactant. The surfactant can
be selected from the many available that are compatible with the
other ingredients of the denture cleanser, both in the dry state
and in solution. Such materials are believed to improve the
effectiveness of the other ingredients of the composition by aiding
their penetration into the interdental surfaces. Also, these
materials aid in the removal of food debris attached to the teeth.
Between 0.1% and 5%, by weight of the dry composition of a dry
powder or granular anionic surface active agent, such as sodium
lauryl sulfate, sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate, sodium lauryl
sulfoacetate or dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or ricinoleyl sodium
sulfosuccinate, may, for example, be included in the composition
and in one embodiment the surfactant comprises between 0.5% and 4%
of the composition.
[0060] Suitable cationic, non-ionic and ampholytic surface active
agents include, for example, quaternary ammonium compounds such as
cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide, condensation products of alkylene
oxides such as ethylene or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols,
phenols, fatty amines or fatty acid alkanolamides, the fatty acid
alkanolamides themselves, esters of long-chained (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)
fatty acids with polyalcohols or sugars, for example
glycerylmonostearate or saccharose monolaurate or
sorbitolpolyoxyethylenemono-or di-stearate, betaines,
sulphobetaines or long-chain alkylaminocarboxylic acids.
[0061] In one embodiment the surfactant is a silicone surfactant
having the general formula (I): 1
[0062] wherein X is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy and acyl
groups having from about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, Y is CH.sub.3,
q is 0, n is from about 1 to about 100, m is from about 1 to about
40, the molecular weight of the residue
(C.sub.2H.sub.4O--).sub.x(C.sub.3H.sub.6O--).sub.yX is from about
50 to about 2000, and x and y are such that the weight ratio of
oxyethylene:oxypropylene is from about 100:0 to about 0:100.
[0063] The silicone surfactant, a dimethicone copolyol, assists in
dispersing the polybutene in an aqueous media whilst still allowing
the polybutene to deposit onto denture surfaces. In one embodiment,
the silicone surfactant is selected from dimethicone copolyols
having a HLB value of greater than 14 and mixtures thereof. Highly
preferred are end-capped (X is alkyl, more particularly methyl)
dimethicone copolyols, especially where the pendant side chain is
all oxyethylene (y is 0), such as that marketed under the Trade
Name Silwet L7600. The silicone surfactant is generally present in
a level of from about 0.01% to about 25%, in one embodiment from
about 0.3% to about 10%, in another embodiment from about 0.5% to
about 5%, by weight. It will be appreciated that the precise amount
will depend on the amount of the polybutene used.
[0064] Lipophilic Compounds
[0065] The denture cleanser compositions of the present invention
may also include a lipophilic compound. In general terms,
lipophilic compounds suitable for use herein are oil-like materials
which are soluble or solubilisable in the polybutene, typically at
a level of at least about 1%, in one embodiment at least about 5%,
by weight at 25.degree. C. Preferred lipophilic compounds are
selected from flavorants, physiological cooling agents, perfumes
and antimicrobial compounds. The polybutene acts to enhance the
substantivity of the lipophilic compound to teeth and/or dentures,
thereby providing enhanced and/or sustained flavor impact and
antimicrobial efficacy.
[0066] Lipophilic flavorants suitable for use herein comprise one
or more flavor components selected from wintergreen oil, oregano
oil, bay leaf oil, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, clove oil, sage
oil, sassafras oil, lemon oil, orange oil, anise oil, benzaldehyde,
bitter almond oil, camphor, cedar leaf oil, marjoram oil,
citronella oil, lavendar oil, mustard oil, pine oil, pine needle
oil, rosemary oil, thyme oil, cinnamon leaf oil, and mixtures
thereof.
[0067] Lipophilic antimicrobial compounds suitable for use herein
include thymol, menthol, triclosan, 4-hexylresorcinol, phenol,
eucalyptol, benzoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, butyl paraben, methyl
paraben, propyl paraben, salicylamides, and mixtures thereof.
[0068] The carboxamides found most useful are those described in
U.S. Pat. No. 4,136,163, Jan. 23, 1979 to Wason et al., and U.S.
Pat. No. 4,230,688, Oct. 28, 1980 to Rawsell et al.
[0069] Physiological cooling agents suitable for use herein include
carboxamides, menthane esters, menthane ethers, and mixtures
thereof. Suitable menthane ethers for use herein are selected from
those with the formula: 2
[0070] where R.sub.5 is an optionally hydroxy substituted aliphatic
radical containing up to 25 carbon atoms, preferably up to 5 carbon
atoms, and where X is hydrogen or hydroxy, such as those
commercially available under the trade name Takasago, from Takasago
International Corporation. A particularly preferred cooling agent
for use in the compositions of the present invention is Takasago 10
[3-1-menthoxy propan-1,2-diol (MPD)]. MPD is a monoglycerin
derivative of 1-menthol and has excellent cooling activity.
[0071] The level of lipophilic compound in the compositions of the
invention is generally in the range from about 0.001% to about 10%,
in one embodiment from about 0.05% to about 5%, in another
embodiment from about 0.1% to about 3%, by weight.
[0072] Chelating Agents
[0073] Chelating agents beneficially aid cleaning and bleach
stability by keeping metal ions, such as calcium, magnesium, and
heavy metal cations in solution. Examples of suitable chelating
agents include sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate,
tetrasodium pyrophosphate, aminopoly-carboxylates such as
nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediamine tetracetic acid and salts
thereof, and polyphosphonates and aminopolyphosphonates such as
hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid, ethylenediamine
tetramethylene-phosphonic acid, diethylenetriaminepentame-
thylenephosphonic acid and salts thereof. The chelating agent
selected is not critical except that it must be compatible with the
other ingredients of the denture cleanser when in the dry state and
in aqueous solution. Advantageously, the chelating agent comprises
between 0.01% and 60%, by weight of the composition, in one
embodiment between 0.5% and 30%. Phosphonic acid chelating agents,
however, comprise from about 0.001% to about 1%, in one embodiment
from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, by weight of composition.
[0074] Enzymes
[0075] Enzymes suitable for use herein are exemplified by
proteases, alkalases, amylases, lipases, dextranases, mutanases,
glucanases etc.
[0076] Therapeutic and Cosmetic Agents
[0077] The denture cleanser compositions of the present invention
may further comprise one or more therapeutic or cosmetic active
agents selected from the group consisting of anti-calculus agents,
fluoride ions sources, stannous ion sources, additional whitening
agents, anti-microbial, anti-plaque agents, anti-inflammatory
agents, nutrients, antioxidants, anti-viral agents, anti-fungal
agents, analgesic and anesthetic agents, H-2 antagonists,
components other than polybutene which impart a clean feel to the
dentures, pigments, dyes, lakes and colorants, and mixtures
thereof. In one embodiment the therapeutic and cosmetic active
agents are selected from the group consisting of triclosan, baking
soda, sodium fluoride, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, nystatin,
grapefruit seed extract, stannous fluoride, tetra sodium
pyrophosphate, mono fluoro phosphate, Opatint D&C Red 27,
polyphosphates, such as sodium hexametaphosphate, and cetylpyridium
chloride.
[0078] The denture cleansing compositions of the invention can be
in paste, tablet, granular or powder form, although tablet-form
compositions are highly preferred herein. Compositions in tablet
form can be single or multiple layered tablets.
[0079] The following Examples further describe and demonstrate the
preferred embodiments within the scope of the present
invention.
EXAMPLES I TO V
[0080] The following are representative denture cleansing tablets
according to the invention. The percentages are by weight of the
total tablet. The tablets are made by compressing a mixture of the
granulated components in a punch and dye tabletting press at a
pressure of about 10.sup.5 kPa.
2 I II III IV V Malic Acid 12 10 12 -- 14 Citric Acid -- 10 -- 12
-- Sodium Carbonate 10 8 8 6 10 Sulphamic Acid 5 -- -- 3 3 PEG
20,000 -- 3 5 4 5 PVP 40,000 5 3 -- -- -- Sodium Bicarbonate 21
23.2 23.9 13.9 20 Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 15 12 13 27 14
Potassium Monopersulphate 14.4 16 11 -- 13.5 Pyrogenic Silica 0 0.3
0.1 0.1 -- Talc 2 -- -- -- -- EDTA -- -- 1 -- 3 EDTMP.sup.1 1 -- --
1 -- Flavor.sup.4 2 1 2 1 2 Polybutene 0.6 1.5 5 8 0.5 Silwet
L7600.sup.5 3 4 -- 12 5 Silwet L7230.sup.6 -- -- 9 -- -- Bleach
Precursor Agglomerate TAED.sup.2 2 -- 4 5 2.5 TMHOS.sup.3 2 3 -- --
-- Sulphamic Acid 2 2 2 2 3.5 Sodium Bicarbonate 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 2
PEG 6000 2.5 2 2.4 2.5 1.5 Dye -- 0.8 1.4 2 0.5 Total 100 100 100
100 100 .sup.1Ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid
.sup.2Tetraacetylethylene diamine .sup.3Sodium
3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate .sup.4Peppermint-based
flavor .sup.5CAS Registry No. 68938-54-5 from Union Carbide
.sup.6CAS Registry No. 68937-55-3 from Union Carbide
[0081] In Examples I to V above, the overall tablet weight is 3 g;
diameter 25 mm. The polybutene of Examples I to V is Indopol H-40,
MW=750, trade name of BP Amoco Chemicals (Chicago, Ill.). The
denture cleansing tablets of Examples I to V display improved
antiplaque, cleansing and anti-bacterial activity together with
excellent cohesion and other physical and in-use performance
characteristics.
EXAMPLES VI TO VIII
[0082] The following are representative denture cleansing pastes
according to the invention. The percentages are by weight of total
composition.
3 VI VII VIII Calcium Carbonate 20 25 15 Glycerine 10 12 8 Sodium
CMC 3.5 3 4 Titanium Dioxide 0.7 0.5 0.6 Methyl/Propyl Parabens 0.1
0.1 0.1 Sodium Saccharin 0.3 0.4 0.2 Flavor.sup.4 1 1 2 Polybutene
1 1.5 0.3 Silwet L7600.sup.5 3 2.5 2 Triclosan -- 0.5 -- Water To
100%
[0083] The polybutene of Examples VI to VIII is Indopol H-300,
MW=1330, trade name of BP Amoco Chemicals (Chicago, Ill.). The
denture cleansing pastes of Examples VI to VIII display improved
antiplaque, flavor impact and anti-bacterial activity together with
excellent cleansing characteristics.
[0084] The dentures or artificial teeth that are treated with the
denture cleanser compositions described above should be exposed to
the denture cleanser composition for a period of about 10 seconds
to several hours, as in overnight treatment.
[0085] It is understood that the examples and embodiments described
herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various
modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to one
of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
* * * * *