U.S. patent application number 10/328094 was filed with the patent office on 2003-05-15 for apparatus for producing packets.
This patent application is currently assigned to Lipton, Division of Conopco, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ketel, Ronald Herman, Stamp, Kevin John.
Application Number | 20030092550 10/328094 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 8241516 |
Filed Date | 2003-05-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030092550 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Ketel, Ronald Herman ; et
al. |
May 15, 2003 |
Apparatus for producing packets
Abstract
An apparatus for attaching a tag and a thread length to a web of
filter material with one end of the thread length secured to the
tag and the other end being secured to the web adjacent one side
edge of the web and the tag being attached to the web adjacent the
opposite side edge. The apparatus has a gripper for drawing the
tag, with the thread secured thereto, across the web from that one
edge to an extended position beyond the opposite side edge before
returning the tag to a final extended position over the web. The
apparatus also has a mechanism for attaching the tag to the web in
the final position, a displacement mechanism for the gripper means
that has a first linear guide on which the gripper is slidable, and
a second inner guide that is transverse to the first guide and
fixedly located in the apparatus. The gripper is movable in the
mutually transverse directions of the guides, both transversely
across the web to the extended and final positions and
longitudinally of the web away from the tag-attaching
mechanism.
Inventors: |
Ketel, Ronald Herman;
(Vlaardingen, NL) ; Stamp, Kevin John; (Wirral,
GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
UNILEVER
PATENT DEPARTMENT
45 RIVER ROAD
EDGEWATER
NJ
07020
US
|
Assignee: |
Lipton, Division of Conopco,
Inc.
|
Family ID: |
8241516 |
Appl. No.: |
10/328094 |
Filed: |
December 23, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10328094 |
Dec 23, 2002 |
|
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09615510 |
Jul 13, 2000 |
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6511410 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
493/39 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B29C 66/81463 20130101;
B29C 66/69 20130101; B65B 29/04 20130101; Y10S 493/961 20130101;
B29C 65/08 20130101; B29C 66/47 20130101; B65B 51/303 20130101;
B29C 65/00 20130101; B29L 2031/744 20130101; B29C 66/81463
20130101; B29L 2031/7122 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
493/39 |
International
Class: |
B31C 013/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 14, 1999 |
EP |
99305580.5 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for attaching a tag and a thread length to a web of
filter material with one end of the thread length secured to the
tag and the other end being secured to the web adjacent one side
edge of the web and the tag being attached to the web adjacent the
opposite side edge, comprising gripper means for drawing the tag,
with said thread secured thereto, across the web from said one edge
to an extended position beyond the opposite side edge before
returning the tag to a final extended position over the web, and
means for attaching the tag to the web in said final position, a
displacement mechanism for said gripper means comprising a first
linear guide on which the gripper means is slidable, and a second
inner guide transverse to said first guide on which said first
guide is slidable, said second guide being fixedly located in the
apparatus, whereby the gripper means is movable in the mutually
transverse directions of the guides, both transversely across the
web to said extended and final positions and longitudinally of the
web away from the tag-attaching means.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first linear guide
extends transversely across the web and said second linear guide
extends longitudinally of the web.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein a cam drive is provided
to control said movements of the gripper means.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein respective cams are
provided for the displacements of the gripper means and its guide
in the mutually transverse directions.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the tag attaching means
comprises a sealing member and an opposed anvil between which the
web and tag are clamped to be sealed together, a further sealing
member and anvil being provided for attaching the thread adjacent
said one side edge of the web, and respective drive means are
provided for each sealing member and anvil for performing said
attachment adjacent each side edge independently of the other.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein the attachment of the
thread adjacent said one side edge is arranged to be completed
before said attachment of the tag to the web.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 comprising means between said
sealing members and anvils but nearer said one side edge of the web
for clamping the thread to the web when the thread has been drawn
to said extended position and before the gripper means has returned
to said final position.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1 comprising holding means for
engagement with the thread beyond said thread length and adjacent
said one edge of the web when the tag has been drawn to its
extended position.
9. Packet forming apparatus comprising a forming tube and means for
drawing a web of packet material along the tube to a cylindrical
shape and means for sealing together opposite edges of the web to
form a closed tube, transverse sealing and cutting means in the
path of the web beyond the forming tube for forming a series of
individual packets, the transverse sealing and cutting means
comprising a pair of opposed jaws for flattening the web between
them and sealing and cutting means displaceable across the
flattened web for severing the web and sealing the edges to each
side of the line of severance, the clamping means and the cutting
and sealing means being mounted on a rotatable base so that each
successive of the web is rotationally offset from the preceding
severance with respect to the axis of the tubular web, each said
cutting and sealing operation across the width of the web being
made in a single pass whereby successive packets are sealed closed
and separated by displacements of said sealing and cutting means in
opposite directions.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein a rotary drive motor is
coupled to the turntable for rotation of the turntable in opposite
directions for the successive cutting and sealing operations, the
turntable carrying means providing a datum for said servo motor
drive.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to apparatus for the production of
tagged packets, such as infusion bags, in which a tag and thread
length is attached to the bag envelope of filter material to allow
the bag to be suspended from the tag in use.
[0002] When producing such tagged packets it is generally
undesirable to allow the tag to hang free from the bag by its
thread because when a number of such packets are packaged together
the threads can easily become entangled. Generally, therefore, the
tag is temporarily attached to the bag in addition to securing the
end of the thread remote from the tag permanently to the bag.
[0003] A simple way of placing the thread is lay it across the
filter material while it is still a flat web, attaching the tag
near one side edge and securing the opposite end of the thread near
the other side edge. In this arrangement, however, the width of the
web determines the length of the thread and that length may be
undesirably limited. In order to provide an ample length of thread
it is known to give the thread a convoluted pattern on the web, but
the mechanisms to produce such patterns are relatively
complicated.
[0004] It is also known to increase the length of the thread by
drawing a tag attached to one end of the thread across the web to
an extended position beyond the side edge of the web, thus
returning to tag to a final position over the web near that side
edge to attach it to the web. Although the additional length is
obtained by a simple rectilinear movement, if it is required to
attach the tag to the web on or near the line of the thread, it is
necessary to ensure that the tag drawing means does not clash with
the tag-web attaching means.
[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, apparatus
is provided for attaching a tag and length of thread length to a
web of filter material, one end of the thread being secured to the
tag and the other end being secured to the web adjacent one side
edge, and the tag being attached to the web adjacent the opposite
side edge, the apparatus comprising gripper means for drawing the
tag beyond said opposite side edge before returning the tag to a
final extended position over the web, and means for attachment of
the tag to the web in said final position, a displacement mechanism
for said gripper means comprising a first linear guide on which the
gripper means is slidable, and a second linear guide transverse to
said first guide on which said first guide is slidable, said second
guide being fixedly located in the apparatus, whereby the gripper
means is movable in the mutually transverse directions of the
guides, both transversely across the web to said extended and final
positions and longitudinally of the web away from the tag-attaching
means.
[0006] In this manner a relatively simple and robust mechanism can
be provided that will lay the extended length of thread across the
web and also begin the return movement of the gripper means past
the tag-attaching means by guiding the gripper means longitudinally
of the web to clear the attaching means.
[0007] Preferably, said first linear guide extends transversely
across the web and said second linear guide on which the first
guide is slidable extends longitudinally of the web.
[0008] The use of the form-fill process for producing filled
packets is well known, the packet filter material in the form of a
continuous web being shaped into a tube around a forming tube
through which the filling material is provided and, as it is drawn
off the tube, transverse seals being made to form it into separate
compartments which are separated to yield the individual packets.
It is also known to make the transverse seals and separate the
packets by traversing an ultrasonic sealing device across the
flattened tubular web and back.
[0009] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the
sealing and separating process is accelerated without incurring any
significant additional costs by performing the cutting and sealing
operation over the width of the tubular web in a single pass
whereby successive packets are sealed closed and separated by
displacements of the ultrasonic sealing device in opposite
directions.
[0010] The sealing device can be located on a rotary mounting that
pivots coaxially to the forming tube to perform successive cutting
and sealing operations in mutually transverse directions, so
producing tetrahedral-like packets.
[0011] By way of example, an embodiment of the invention will now
be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic
drawings, in which:
[0012] FIG. 1 is a side view of a machine for producing tagged tea
bags which incorporates the invention,
[0013] FIG. 2 is a side view to a larger scale of the tag-thread
unit of the machine in FIG. 1 showing the tag and thread supply
means,
[0014] FIG. 2a shows schematically the tag to thread attachment
process,
[0015] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the tag path to the filter web in
the tag-thread unit,
[0016] FIG. 3a is an enlarged detail of the circled area Z in FIG.
3,
[0017] FIG. 4 is a plan view further illustrating the tag path over
the web in the tag-thread unit,
[0018] FIG. 5 is a plan view of the mechanism carrying the leading
gripper for drawing the tag over the filter web,
[0019] FIGS. 6 and 7 show the cam drives for the gripper mechanism
in FIG. 5, for movement longitudinally and transverse to the web
respectively,
[0020] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate in plan and from the front
respectively, the ultrasonic sealing devices for attaching a
tag-thread assembly to the web,
[0021] FIG. 8a is a detail illustration of thread cutting device on
the thread sealing device,
[0022] FIG. 10 illustrates schematically the packet forming process
in the inner bag unit of the machine,
[0023] FIGS. 11 and 12 are plan view and a side sectional view on
the line XII-XII of the web transverse cutting and sealing
mechanism,
[0024] FIG. 13 is a plan view of the rotary drive for the cutting
and sealing unit, and
[0025] FIG. 14 is a graphical illustration of the sealing and
cutting operations in the inner bag unit.
[0026] FIG. 1 is an overall view of the bag-forming machine. It has
three main units. Firstly, a tag-thread unit A where tags are
attached at spaced positions along a thread and each tag is then
attached with a length of the thread to a web of filter material
from which the bags are to be formed. The web leaves the tag-thread
unit with a series of separate tag-thread assemblies applied across
it at spaced intervals along its length (as indicated in FIG. 8),
and is led to an inner bag unit B which comprises a form-fill
apparatus in which the web is first formed into a tube and the tube
is then sealed transversely to give a series of discrete
compartments which are separated into the individual bags. The
third main unit is a dosing unit C above the bag unit which
supplies doses of tea or other filling material to the form-fill
apparatus to be deposited in the filter tube before each
compartment is sealed closed.
[0027] The filter web W, of a porous plastic material capable of
being sealed ultrasonically, is supplied from a reel 12 mounted in
a holder 14 in the tag-thread unit A. The web path is shown leading
over a roller 16 on a tensioning arm 18 and subsequently over a
rear roller 20 (FIG. 4) to a horizontal track region 22 in the unit
where the tag-thread assemblies are applied to the web, before it
passes over the exit rollers to the inner bag unit B.
[0028] A tag-thread attachment module 24 in the unit A is offset
laterally from the web path. Tags T are supplied to in a continuous
strip from a reel 26 mounted on a holder 28, as shown to a larger
scale in FIG. 2. The tag strip is drawn from the reel to the module
by a pair of pinch rollers 30 in a stepped feed. With each step,
one tag length of the strip is located in an ultrasonic sealing
device 32, to be gripped between a horn 34 and anvil 36 of the
sealing device. In the path of the tag strip, immediately upstream
of the sealing device 32 is a cutter 38 comprising cooperating
upper and lower shear blades 40, 42. The thread S is drawn from a
spool 44, through a thread guide 46 to the sealing device 32 where
it is guided laterally into a groove 48 in the sealing device anvil
36 to lie across the foremost tag length of the tag strip in the
sealing device.
[0029] In operation, when the leading tag of the tag strip has been
located in the sealing device 32, over the thread in the anvil
groove 48, the horn 34 and anvil 36 of sealing device are closed
together to grip the tag and thread, and the horn is energised to
secure them to each other. Immediately this has occurred, the
cutter 38 is operated to sever the tag from the tag strip.
[0030] In a manner described in more detail below, the tag, with
the attached thread, is drawn from the attachment module 24,
transversely to the plane of FIG. 2, in two steps. In the first
step the tag at the sealing device is drawn along a tag chute 52
(FIGS. 3 and 4) to the end of the chute at the right-hand edge of
the web as shown in FIG. 4 for example. In the second step, also
shown in FIG. 4, the tag is drawn across the filter web, while the
thread remains in a continuous length extending from the spool 44,
to an extended left-most position. These movements are obtained by
gripping the foremost tag with a leading gripper 56 that is
displaceable across the width of the web. Between the two
successive steps, a further tag is secured to the thread in the
attachment module 24 by the sealing device 32 in the manner already
described. As each tag is brought to an extended position beyond
the width of the web, the following tag thus emerges from the tag
chute and is held by a retaining gripper 58 before being engaged by
the leading gripper in its next cycle of movement.
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates these displacements of the tag
transversely to the web. The leading gripper has a right-most home
position close to a fixed position occupied by the retaining
gripper 58. The retaining gripper first engages each tag when it
has been drawn through the tag chute from the tag-thread sealing
device. The leading gripper then takes over the tag to draw it to
the left-most extended position. At that point, the required length
of the thread has been drawn through the tag-thread attachment
module for the next tag to be attached to the thread in that
module. When the leading gripper has returned to the home position
the cycle can therefore be repeated.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows further details of the movement of the leading
gripper 56. When the leading gripper takes over a tag from the
retaining gripper 58 it moves over a straight path 60a from its
home position close to the retaining gripper, to the extended
position which lies beyond the left-hand edge of the web. The
movement to the extended position has brought the next tag over the
right-hand edge of the web and the retaining gripper now closes to
hold it fixed there. The leading gripper begins a return movement,
also along the path 60a, that places the tag over the web, near its
left-hand edge, where the tag is secured to the web as will be
further described below. The gripper is then able to release the
tag and is moved rearwards over the path 60b a short distance to
allow it to continue its return movement across the web, along a
path 60c parallel to its rectilinear path over the web. Finally it
makes a short forward movement over path 60d bringing it to its
home or starting position where the succeeding tag is held by the
retaining gripper. The leading gripper can now take that tag over
from the retaining gripper to repeat the cycle of movement.
[0033] The opening and closing movements of the jaws of the leading
and retaining grippers 56, 58 and the movements of the leading
gripper 56 over the filter web, are generated by a series of cams
on a common cam shaft 62 shown only fragmentarily. Also, although
not illustrated, the motions of the mechanisms in the tag-thread
attachment module can be produced by further cams on the same cam
shaft or a further cam shaft rotating in synchronism with the cam
shaft 62. Two cams on the cam shaft control the movement of the
leading gripper 56 in the directions transverse to the web and
longitudinally of the web respectively. As seen in FIG. 6, a cam 64
for the longitudinal movement acts on a follower lever 66
spring-loaded against the cam. The lever 66 moves about a fixed
lower pivot 68. The upper end of the lever is connected by a link
70 to a table 72 supported in fixed guides 74 extending in the
longitudinal direction of the web. The gripper 56 is mounted on a
carriage 76 held in a linear guide 78 extending along an edge of
the table 72, transversely to the web, so that the gripper 56 and
table 72 reciprocate together in the longitudinal direction under
the action of the first cam 64.
[0034] For the movement of the gripper carriage along its guide
transverse to the web, as shown in FIG. 7, a second cam 82 acts on
a horizontal lever 84 having a rear fixed pivot 86. The forward end
of the lever 84 is connected by a link 88 to a bell crank lever 90
having a pivot axis 92 extending in the longitudinal direction of
the web. A biasing spring 94 acting on the bell crank lever 90
urges the follower lever 84 against the cam. The upper arm of the
bell crank lever 90 is connected to the gripper carriage 76 by a
drive rod 96. Although not illustrated, the drive rod 96 is jointed
to allow the gripper carriage 70 to accommodate the movements with
the table 72 in the longitudinal direction generated by the first
cam 64. The gripper jaws are operated by a further drive rod (not
shown) which is similarly jointed and operated by another cam (not
shown) on the cam shaft 62.
[0035] As already mentioned, the tag is secured to the web after it
has been returned from the extended position to lie over the web.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, two ultrasonic sealing devices 102, 104
each comprising a sealing horn 106 and anvil 108, secure the tag
and its thread at locations close to the respective side edges of
the web W. The horns 106 and the anvils 108 each have their own
drive mechanisms (not shown) operated by further cams on the cam
shaft 62. Adjacent the right-hand sealing device 104 and operating
in synchronism with that device are a supplementary thread clamp
110 having upper and lower jaws 112, 114 fixed relative to the
sealing device horn 106 and anvil 108 respectively. Also mounted on
the right-hand sealing device horn 106 is a thread cutting blade
114. The thread cutting blade 116 cooperates with a fixed
counter-plate 118 which lies over the right-hand margin of the
web.
[0036] The operations of the sealing devices 102, 104 and the
retaining gripper 58 are coordinated with the movements of the
leading gripper 56 in the following manner by the cams on the cam
shaft 62. As the leading gripper draws a tag and its thread across
the web, the sealing devices 102, 104 and the retainer gripper 58
are held open. As the leading gripper 56 reaches its extended
position, with the thread drawn taut, the retaining gripper 58 is
closed. The right-hand sealing device 102 has already begun to
close; its horn 106 and anvil 108 remain apart at this point, but
the adjacent thread clamp 110, which is spring loaded, grips the
thread and web so that the length of thread under the cutting blade
116 is kept in the taut state unaffected by the return movement of
the leading gripper and tag which now begins, as also does the
closing movement of the left-hand sealing device 102.
[0037] As the tag is brought into the zone of left-hand sealing
device 102, the horn 106 and anvil 108 of the device close to clamp
the tag and the leading gripper 56 opens. Meanwhile the right-hand
sealing device 104 has already closed and, in the final stage of
its movement, the cutter blade 116 has severed the thread and has
come to rest in a slot 122 in the counter-plate 118. The
energisation of the ultrasonic sealing horns 106 after each sealing
device 102, 104 has closed secures the thread permanently to the
web near its left-hand edge and attaches the tag releasably to the
web near its left-hand edge, as indicated by the sealing zones
124a, 124b in FIG. 8.
[0038] As it releases its tag, the leading gripper 52 is retracted
rearwards, to follow its return path clear of the adjacent sealing
device as the sealing operation proceeds. The right-hand sealing
device 104 begins to open before the gripper 56 comes abreast of
the device but the left-hand device 102 is opened only as the
gripper 56 completes its return movement to the home position.
Initiating the next cycle of movement, the leading gripper 56 now
closes on the succeeding tag which is thereupon released by the
retaining gripper 58.
[0039] With the opening of the sealing devices 102, 104 the filter
web can be stepped forward, and the cycle is then repeated. During
the sealing of the tag and thread to the web, as already described,
a further tag has been attached to the thread and severed from the
tag strip at the attachment module 24 while the foremost tag-thread
assembly was being secured to the web. This further tag, with its
attached thread is then drawn along the tag chute with the movement
of the next tag across the web.
[0040] The web W, with the tag-thread assemblies attached to it, is
led to the inner bag unit C where the filled packets are produced
by a form-fill process. As the flat web is drawn downwards in
stepped movements through the inner bag unit by rollers 142, 144
(FIG. 10), it is shaped over a guide 146 and around a forming tube
148 to bring the opposite side edges together progressively and
those edges are then joined by an ultrasonic sealing device 150 to
give the web a closed tubular cross-section with the tag-thread
assemblies on its outer face before it leaves the forming tube. As
will be understood, the stepped drive of the rollers 142, 144 is
synchronised with the rotation of the cam shaft 62.
[0041] Below the forming tube a transverse sealing mechanism 152
makes transverse seals across the tube at regular intervals and
separates the individual packets formed by each successive pair of
seals. In sequence with the transverse sealing of the tubular web,
the dosing unit B dispenses doses of tea or other filling material
through the forming tube 148, so that each packet receives a dose
of material before it is sealed closed. In the illustrated example,
successive transverse seals are rotationally offset at 90 to each
other about the axis of the forming tube and tubular web, so giving
the packets a tetrahedral-like shape.
[0042] The dosing unit B can be of conventional form. Similarly,
the means for giving the web its closed tubular form, need not be
described in further detail. FIGS. 11 and 12, however, illustrate
features of the transverse sealing and cutting mechanism 152.
[0043] The mechanism comprises a ring-form base plate 154 on which
parallel guides 156 are secured to mount a pair of clamping jaws
158a, 158b. A pair of air cylinders 160 are secured to opposite
ends of a first of the jaws 158a, between the jaw and fixed
brackets 162 on the base plate 154. A sprocket wheel 164 is mounted
on each bracket and for each sprocket there is a chain (not shown)
secured at one end to the first jaw 158a, and passing around 180y
of the sprocket to a return length that is secured to the second
jaw 158b. The two jaws are thereby coupled together, so that the
operation of the air cylinders 160 moves both jaws equal and
opposite distances.
[0044] The mechanism 152 is provided with an ultrasonic sealing
device comprising a horn 170 extending through an elongate slot 172
the first jaw and a cooperating anvil 174 provided by the opposed
face of the second jaw. The horn 170 is coupled to a yoke 176 which
is supported on a pair of guide tubes 178 extending between the
brackets 162. A pistonless cylinder 180, also secured between the
brackets 162 has a drive collar 182 coupled to the yoke 176 to
displace the horn along the slot in the jaw 158a. The sealing horn
170 is also connected to its jaw 158a to move with it and is
coupled to the drive collar 182 through a sleeve 184 in which the
horn is slidable to permit movement transverse to the cylinder 180.
The second jaw 158b also has a slot 186 along its length, in the
centre of the anvil face. Projecting through that slot is a
pressure wheel 188 connected to the yoke 176 through a
spring-loaded mounting 188 urging the wheel 188 towards the horn
170.
[0045] With the clamping jaws 158a, 158b open, the horn 170 is
withdrawn from the anvil 172 and the anvil wheel 188 projects
slightly from the second jaw 158b. When the clamping jaws close,
the horn comes close to the outer face of the anvil 172 and applies
pressure to the wheel 188. In this state, when the sealing horn 170
is energised, movement of the horn 170 and wheel 188 along their
slots in the clamping jaws by the operation of the cylinder 180,
severs the web across its width and simultaneously seals the web
across its width at each side of the line of severance.
[0046] The base plate 154 is mounted on a turntable 190 to be
rotatable coaxially to the forming tube by a servo-motor 192
coupled to the turntable by a toothed belt 194, drive control means
(not shown) actuating the turntable to make successive 90 rotations
in opposite directions in synchronism with the rotation of the cam
shaft 62. A sensor 196 for the turntable 190 rotation provides a
datum position for the servo-motor drive control means. Over-limit
switches 198 are provided at positions beyond the normal angular
movement of the turntable 190 to stop the turntable drive if
tripped by a cam block 200 carried by the turntable. The required
rotation of the turntable can thus be generated simply and
economically.
[0047] The sequence of operation of the transverse cutting and
sealing mechanism is shown graphically in FIG. 14 against a time
base. The diagram in FIG. 11 shows at I the movement of the
clamping jaws, at II movement of the sealing device along the jaw
slots, at III to energisation of the sealing horn, at IV the
rotation of the turntable, and at V the feed of the tubular web
through the mechanism.
[0048] In the first stage, the cylinders 160 close the clamping
jaws 158a, 158b, as shown at a, together to flatten and clamp the
cylindrical web between them in a region spaced from the tag-thread
assemblies. The ultrasonic sealing horn 170 is then energised, as
shown at b, and the cylinder 180 operated, as shown at c, to move
the horn 170 and wheel 188 across the width of the web completing
the sealing and separation of a packet and forming the bottom seal
of the next packet to be produced. The clamping jaws are then
opened, as shown at d. The turntable 154 can now be rotated through
90, as shown at e, while the web is advanced the length of a
packet, as shown at f. The clamping jaws close again, as shown at
g, which is followed by a return traverse movement of the sealing
device, as shown at h, with energisation of the horn as shown at i,
the next sealing and cutting operation. The jaws open again, as
shown at j, and the rotation of the turntable is reversed, as shown
at k, as the next web length is fed through the mechanism, as shown
at l, after which the cycle can be repeated.
* * * * *