U.S. patent application number 10/146109 was filed with the patent office on 2003-04-24 for synergistic mixtures of selected amino acids.
This patent application is currently assigned to AGROGENE LTD.. Invention is credited to Cohen, Yigal, Korat, Moshe, Zvi-Tov, Dan.
Application Number | 20030078290 10/146109 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26323408 |
Filed Date | 2003-04-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030078290 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Cohen, Yigal ; et
al. |
April 24, 2003 |
Synergistic mixtures of selected amino acids
Abstract
Novel synergistic fungicidal compositions used for protecting
seeds, plants and other vegetative material against fungi contain a
mixture of one or more compounds selected from group A and one or
more compounds selected from group B. Compounds from group A are
selected from .beta.-Amino butyric acid and its N-benzoyl-octyl
ester derivatives. Compounds from group B are selected from the
group of fosetyl aluminum, dimethomorph, a mixture of folpet and
ofurace (45:5), folpet, fencaramid (Bayer SZX), mancozeb,
cymoxanil, methalaxyl, the single optical isomer of metalaxyl, a
mixture of cymoxamil and mancozeb (4:1), copper sulfate, copper
hydroxide, copper sulfate hydrate, azoxystrobin, and
acibenzolar-s-methyl.
Inventors: |
Cohen, Yigal; (Kiryat Ono,
IL) ; Korat, Moshe; (Meitar, IL) ; Zvi-Tov,
Dan; (Omer, IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Browdy and Neimark, P.L.L.C.
Suite 300
624 Ninth Street, N.W.
Washington
DC
20001-5303
US
|
Assignee: |
AGROGENE LTD.
Kiryat Ono
IL
|
Family ID: |
26323408 |
Appl. No.: |
10/146109 |
Filed: |
May 16, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10146109 |
May 16, 2002 |
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09402825 |
Oct 12, 1999 |
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6414019 |
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09402825 |
Oct 12, 1999 |
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PCT/IL98/00167 |
Apr 8, 1998 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/417 ;
514/551; 514/561 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 37/46 20130101;
A01N 37/44 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 37/44 20130101; A01N
59/20 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N 47/34 20130101; A01N
47/14 20130101; A01N 43/08 20130101; A01N 47/04 20130101; A01N
47/04 20130101; A01N 59/20 20130101; A01N 2300/00 20130101; A01N
47/34 20130101; A01N 37/38 20130101; A01N 47/14 20130101; A01N
37/38 20130101; A01N 57/12 20130101; A01N 43/08 20130101; A01N
43/82 20130101; A01N 43/82 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N
43/54 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 57/12 20130101; A01N
43/54 20130101; A01N 37/46 20130101; A01N 37/44 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/417 ;
514/551; 514/561 |
International
Class: |
A01N 043/38; A01N
037/12; A01N 037/44 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 16, 1997 |
IL |
120677 |
Feb 17, 1998 |
IL |
123346 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A synergistic fungicidal composition comprising synergistically
effective respective amounts of (1) D,L-3-aminobutyric acid or the
n-octyl ester thereof, together with (2) folpet or a mixture of
folpet and ofurace.
2. The fungicidal composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein
the (1) D,L-3-aminobutyric acid or n-octyl ester thereof and the
(2) folpet or mixture of folpet and ofurace are present in a weight
ratio of 9:1 to 1:9.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein said weight ratio is 4:1 to
1:4.
4. The fungicidal composition of claim 1 wherein fungicidal
components consist essentially of (1) said D,L-3-aminobutyric acid
or n-octyl ester thereof and (2) said folpet.
5. The fungicidal composition of claim 1 wherein fungicidal
components consist essentially of (1) said D,L-3-aminobutyric acid
or n-octyl ester thereof and (2) said mixture of folpet and
ofurace.
6. The fungicidal composition according to claim 5 wherein the
ratio of folpet to ofurace is approximately 45:5.
7. A method of administering a fungicidal composition in accordance
with claim 1 to a plant infested with a fungus, wherein the fungus
is selected from the group consisting of Phytophthora infestans,
Pseudopersonspora Cubensis, Plasmopara veticola, and Peronospora
tabacina.
8. A method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the fungus is
selected from the group consisting of Phytophthora infestans in
potatoes and tomatoes, Pseudoperonspora cubensis in cucumber and
melons, Plasmopara veticola in grapes, and Peronospora tabacina in
tobacco.
9. A method of controlling fungal infections in plants comprising
applying to the plants or parts thereof a synergistic fungicidal
composition comprising synergistically effective respective amounts
of (1) D,L-3-aminobutyric acid or the n-octyl ester thereof, and
(2) folpet or a mixture of folpet and ofurace.
10. A method in accordance with claim 9 which comprises applying
said (1) D,L-3-aminobutyric acid or n-octyl ester thereof and (2)
said folpet or mixture of folpet and ofurace in a weight ratio of
9:1 to 1:9.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said weight ratio is 4:1 to
1:4.
12. A method in accordance with claim 9 wherein the plants are
selected from the group consisting of potatoes, tomatoes,
cucumbers, melons, grape vines, and tobacco.
13. A method according to claim 9 wherein the fungus is selected
from the group consisting of Phytophthora infestans,
Pseudopersonspora cubensis, Plasmopara veticola, and Peronospora
tabacina.
14. A method in accordance with claim 13 wherein the fungus is
selected from the group consisting of Phytophthora infestans in
potatoes and tomatoes, Pseudopersonspora cubensis in cucumber and
melons, Plasmopara veticola in grapes, and Peronospora tabacina in
tobacco.
Description
INTRODUCTION
[0001] The present invention concerns synergistic fungicidal
mixtures. The present invention more particularly concerns
synergistic mixture of .beta.-aminobutyric acid (hereinafter
referred to as BABA) and its N-benzoyl-octyl ester derivatives for
the control of plant diseases.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Fungicides are often combined in mixtures for 3 main
reasons: 1. to widen the spectrum of antifungal activity to control
several diseases occurring simultaneously in a crop 2. to exploit
synergistic interaction between fungicides, by which the overall
activity is increased and the concentration of the compounds
reduced, and 3. to delay the selection process of resistant fungal
individuals to one component of the mixture (Gisi, Phytopathology
86 1273-1279,1996).
[0003] Avoidence of plant disease in agricultural production may be
accomplished not only by using fungicides or fungicidal mixtures
but also by using "plant activators", molecules which enhance the
natural resistance (defense) of the plant. Such activators which
have no direct fungicidal effect on the pathogen (Ryals et al The
Plant Cell 8: 1809-1819,1996), induce systemic acquired resistance
(SAR) in the plant several days after application (Ibid).
[0004] To date only few molecules were reported to induce SAR in
crop plants viz. salicylic acid (SA), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid
(INA) benzol (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothiouic acid S-methyl ester
(BTH) (Ibid), and DL-3-amino butyric acid (BABA, Cohen et al Plant
Physiology 104: 56-59,1994).
[0005] However whereas SA, INA or BTH have to be applied to the
crop ahead of infestation (Ryals, et al Ibid) BABA can be applied
post-infectionaly (Cohen et al Ibid).
[0006] The idea behind the present invention is to combine two
methods of disease control--the direct-kill method operating on the
target pathogen and the indirect method of activating the natural
defense approach of the crop plant. Such two methods are combined
by using mixtures of a fungicide or fungicides (direct-kill) with
BABA or its N-benzoyl-octyl ester derivative (SAR).
[0007] We show here that such mixtures are synergistic in
controlling plant diseases.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It is the objective of the present invention to provide
novel mixtures of fungicides of .beta.-aminobutyric acids. It is an
objective of the present invention to provide a synergistic mixture
of BABA and/or its N-benzoyl-octyl ester derivative with various
other fungicides.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] In accordance with the present invention there is provided
synergistic fungicidal compositions comprising one or more
compounds selected from Group A and one or more compounds selected
from Group B, wherein the compounds of Group A are selected from
the group consisting of DL-3 aminobutyric-acid and its N-Benzoyl
octyl ester, and the compounds of Group B are selected from the
group consisting of fosetyl aluminum, dimethomorph, a mixture of
folpet and ofurace (45:5), folpet, fenearamid (Bayer SZX),
mancozeb, cymoxanil, methalaxyl, the single optical isomer of
metalaxyl, a mixture of cymoxamil and mancozeb (4:1), copper
sulfate, copper hydroxide, copper sulfate hydrate, azoxystrobin,
and acibenzolar-s-methyl.
[0010] The present invention also provides an improved method of
controlling fungi, especially late blight and downy mildews,
applying to the plant a composition containing an effective amount
of one of these mixtures. The present invention further provides an
improved method of controlling phytophthora infertan in potato or
tomatoe, Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber or melon,
Plasmopera viticola in grapes, and Peronospora tabacina in
tabacco.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] Methodology
[0012] Plants
[0013] 1. Potato (cultivar Alpha) were grown from tubers in 1 liter
pots in sandy soil in the greenhouse. At 5 weeks after planting
when they had several shoots in a pot, with 10-12 leaves per shoot,
plants were taken for assays.
[0014] 2. Cucumber (cultivate Dlila) plants were grown from seed in
0.251 liter pots containing sandy soil in the greenhouse. At 3
weeks after sowing, when they developed 2 leaves they were
used.
[0015] 3. Grapes (cultivate Superior) plants were grown from
cuttings (first in perlite and then tin sandy soil) in pots in the
greenhouse. At 8 weeks after planting leaves were detached for
experiments.
[0016] Fungal Pathogens.
[0017] Potatoes were inoculated with sporangic of Phytophthora
infestans (resistant to metalaxyl). Cucumbers were inoculated with
sporangia of Pseudoperonospora cubensis (resistance to metalaxyl).
Grapes were inoculated with Plasmopara viticola.
[0018] Chemicals.
[0019] 1. DLP.beta.-amino-butanoic acid (BABA)
[0020] 2. DL-4-benzoyl-3-amino butanoic acid octylester
(039-81)
[0021] 3. Cymoxanil (Curzate)
[0022] 4. phosetyl-aluminium (Alliette)
[0023] 5. Mancozeb
[0024] 6. Folpet
[0025] 7. Metalaxyl, metalaxyl-Gold
[0026] 8. Copper sulphate, copper hydroxide
[0027] 9. (Mancozeb+dimethomorph, prepacked 600 g+90 g a.i.per 1
kg)
[0028] 10. (Mancozeb+metalaxyl, prepacked 560 g+75 g a.i. per 1
kg)
[0029] 11. Folpet+ofurace, 450 g+60 g a.i. per 1 kg)
[0030] 12. Bayer-SZX (Fencaramid)
[0031] 13. Mancozeb+Cymoxanil (4:1)
[0032] 14. Azoxystrobin
[0033] 15. Acibenzolar-s-methyl
[0034] 16. Dimethomorph
[0035] Except BABA which was dissolved in water, all other
chemicals or prepacked mixtures produced a suspension or emulsion
in water.
[0036] Spraying
[0037] The chemicals were sprayed onto the upper leaf surfaces of
either potatoes or cucumbers with the aid of a fine glass atomizer.
Control plants were sprayed with water. Experiments with grapes
were carried out using 12 mm leaf discs floating on 1 ml of the
test compound(s) in 24-well titer plates, upperside down.
[0038] Inoculation
[0039] Potatoes and cucumbers were inoculated one day after
spraying. Grape leaf discs were inoculated soon after floating.
[0040] Inoculation of potato was done by spraying the upper leaf
surfaces of the plants with a sporangial suspension containing 2000
sporangia/ml. Sporangia were harvested 0.5 h before inoculation
from infected potato tuber slices. Cucumbers were sprayed with a
sporangial suspension containing 1500 sporangia/mi. Sporangia were
harvested from infected cucumber plants kept in humid growth
chambers (at 15.degree. C.). Leaf discs of grapes were inoculated
with 2 sporangial droplets containing each 300 sporangia. Sporangia
were harvested from infected leaves kept in petri dishes on wet
filter paper at 15.degree. C. Inoculated plants or titer plates
were placed in a dew chamber at 18.degree. C. overnight and then
transferred to a growth chamber at 20.degree. C. (12 h light/day
100 pE.m.sup.-2.S.sup.-1) for symptom production (late blight in
potato and downy mildew in cucumber), or for sporulation of P.
viticola in grape leaf discs.
[0041] General Procedure for Tabacco
[0042] One month old tobacco plants (cv.xanthi nc.). were sprayed
onto their foliage with the test compounds. Two days later they
were inoculated with 10.sup.4 spores/ml of Perouospora latacin of
either the S or the R strain. Inoculated plants were placed in 100%
relative humidity over night and then incubated at 20.degree. C.
with 12 h light/day. A week after innoculation plants were again
placed at 100%-RH at 18.degree. C. in the dark to induce fungal
sporulation. Sporulation was quantitated by removing 2 cm.sup.2
leaf discs from each leaf and counting with the aid of a
haemocytometer. The extent of sporulation inhibition was calculated
relative to that in control (untreated) inoculated plants.
Ed.sub.go was computed after linear regression and of was
calculated according to Wadely.
[0043] General Procedure for Grapes
[0044] Leaf discs (2-cm.sup.2) were removed from the top leaves of
grape plants (cv. Superior) grown in the greenhouse. Discs were
floated (lower surface uppermost on the test solutions over filter
paper of 9 cm diameter). Petri dishes. Leaf discs were immediately
innoculated with 2 (10 ml) droplets of sporangial suspension
(10.sup.4/ml) of Plasmopara viticola per disc. Dishes were
inculoated at 20.degree. C. with 12 h light/day for 10 days until
fungal sporulation was quantified.
[0045] Disease Assessment
[0046] At the time intervals post inoculation specified in the
Examples, infected leaf area in potato and cucumber was assessed
visually. In control inoculated plants most or all of the foliage
(80-100%) was devastated by the disease. Percentage control of the
disease by a chemical treatment was calculated as
% control=(1-x/y).times.100
[0047] whereas x=proportion leaf area diseased in treated
plants
[0048] and y=proportion leaf area diseased in control plants.
[0049] In grapes, proportion of leaf discs showing sporulation were
similarly used.
[0050] Calculation of Control Efficacy and Synergism
[0051] Each chemical and each mixture was applied to plants at
various doses of the active ingredient. Dose-response curves were
produced and transferred to log-dose probit response curves as
described by Kosman and Cohen (Phytopatholagy 86: 1263-1272, 1996).
ED.sub.90 values (dose required for achieving 90% control of the
disease) taken from the log-probit 7 curves were used to calculate
the Cotoxicity Factor (CF) according to the Wadely procedure
(Kosman and Cohen, Ibid; Gisi phytopatcology 86: 1273-1279,1966).
"CF" is defined as the ratio between the expected dose and the
observed dose that provide the same level of disease control
(Kosman and Cohen, Ibid). The observed dose of each component of a
mixture is taken from the experiment and the expected dose of all
mixture made of that components is calculated by the Wadely
formula: 1 ED 90 expected = a + b a ED 90 obs . A + b ED 90 obs .
B
[0052] where a and b are the absolute amounts of the components A
and B in a mixture and ED.sub.90. obs.A and Ed.sub.90 obs.B are the
ED.sub.90 values of A and B obtained by the experiment. CF values
of >2.0 are considered to represent a strongly synergistic
mixture (Gisi, Ibid).
[0053] According to a further feature of the invention, there is
provided a fungicidal composition which comprises a compound of the
invention together with carrier. The active compound can be
employed as a wide variety of formulations, for example as an
aqueous dispersion, a dispersible powder, as seed dressing,
granules or dust. As a dispersion the composition comprises an
active compound together with a dispersing agent dispersed in a
liquid medium, preferably water. It can be in a form of a
concentrated primary composition which requires dilution with a
suitable quantity of water or other diluent before application.
Such primary compositions are a convenient way of supplying the
consumer and preferred example is a dispersible powder. A
dispersible powder comprises an active compound, a dispersing agent
and solid carrier. The latter can be, for example, kaolin, talc, or
diatomaceous earth and in addition, the dispersible powder can
contain a wetting agent.
[0054] Other formulations include seed dressing, granules or dusts,
in all of which the active compound is associated with a solid
carrier and which are intended for direct application. They can be
made by methods well known in the art. Preferably all compositions
comprising a solid carrier are made by mixing the active compound
in particulate form with a particulate carrier.
[0055] The concentration of the active compound in the composition
of the invention can vary widely. In the case of a, primary
composition it is preferably from 15% to 95% by weight, more
especially from 50% to 80% by weight. A composition intended for
direct application to a crop preferably comprises from 0.001% to
10% more, especially from 0,005% to 5% by weight of the active
compound, although the aerial spraying of a crop is contemplated
compositions having higher concentrations, for example up to 30% by
weight may be chosen in preference.
[0056] The fungicidal composition of the present invention may be
applied as a ready-mixed composition, as a tank mix, or applying
the compounds of each group separately.
[0057] Following the methods outlined above numerous mixtures were
prepared and their activity against a variety of diseases were
studied. The results of 35 studies are listed in Tables 1-35.
[0058] While the invention will now be described in connection with
certain preferred embodiments in the following examples it will be
understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to these
particular embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover
all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as be included
within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended
claims. Thus, the following examples which iclude preferred
embodiments, will serve to illustrate the practice of this
invention, it being understood that the particulars shown are by
way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of
preferred embodiments of the present invention only and are
presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most
useful and readily understood description of procedures as well as
of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention.
1TABLE 1 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA COPPER SULFATE
HYDRATE MIXTURE.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 2 8 32 125 250 1000 mg/L CF
BABA -- -- -- 0 0 0 13 2678 -- Cu.sup.+2 -- 0 0 63 83 -- -- 143
BABA + Cu.sup.+2 80 + 20 0 0 13 88 -- -- 126 4.7 70 + 30 0 0 50 93
-- -- 101 4.2 60 + 40 0 0 85 93 -- -- 85 3.9 .sup.a5 days post
inoculation .sup.bControl plants showed 100% leaf blight
[0059]
2TABLE 2 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA CYMOXANIL MIXTURE
(CURZATE.sup.R).sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA
-- 3 24 18 64 1498 -- Cymoxanil -- 36 73 64 98 128 -- BABA + 80 +
20 9 9 3 79 -- 294 1.6 Cymoxanil 50 + 50 73 76 82 98 -- 114 2.1
.sup.a5 days post inoculation .sup.bControl plants showed 83% leaf
blight
[0060]
3TABLE 3 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA FOSETYL ALUMINUM
MIXTURE.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Comounds Ratio 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF Cultivar Cara.sup.b
BABA 9 9 9 24 3233 -- Fosetyl - Al 9 24 24 70 1390 -- BABA + 75 +
25 9 9 39 70 1311 1.9 Fosetyl - Al 25 + 75 9 9 39 79 1142 1.4
Cultivar Draga.sup.c BABA 0 0 0 53 1533 -- Fosetyl - Al 33 33 50 93
856 -- BABA + 75 + 25 67 67 93 93 639 1.7 Fosetyl - Al 25 + 75 0 0
93 100 245 3.9 .sup.a5 days post inoculation .sup.bContact plants
showed 83% leaf blight .sup.cContact plants showed 38% leaf
blight
[0061]
4TABLE 4 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA MIXTURES OF
MANCOZEB + DIMETHOMORPH MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease
Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16
62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA -- -- 3 24 18 64 1498 -- MANCOZEB + -- 70
73 82 98 -- 115 -- DIMETHOMORPH BABA + 80 + 20 64 73 70 82 -- 287
1.5 (MANCOZEB.sup.C + 50 + 50 85 70 70 91 -- 189 1.1
DIMETHOMORPH)
[0062]
5TABLE 5 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA FOLPET/OFURACE
(45 + 5) MIXTURE.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b @ mg/L Active
Ingredient - ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF
BABA -- 14 14 14 36 2617 FOLPET/ 77 89 99 100 -- 19 OFURACE BABA +
(FOLPET/ 50 + 50 74 81 99 100 -- 22 1.8 OFURCE) .sup.a7 days
.sup.bControl plants showed 88% leaf blight
[0063]
6TABLE 6 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA FOLPET -
CYMOXANIL MIXTURE.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA 22
22 22 69 1481 FOLPET 81 95 98 100 84 CYMOXANIL 83 86 91 100 183
BABA + FOLPET 60 + 25 + 15 72 89 98 100 95 2.5 + CYMOXANIL 25 + 60
+ 15 92 86 95 100 104 1.3 .sup.a6 day post innoculation
.sup.bControl plants showed 80% leaf blight
[0064]
7TABLE 7 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY THE N - BENZOYL OCTYL
ESTER OF BABA AND FENCARAMID.sup.a Percent Disease Control Com-
mg/L Active Ingredient.sup.b ED.sub.90 pounds Ratio 2 8 32 125 250
1000 2000 mg/L CF BABA -- -- -- 15 25 50 53 2395 Deriv- ative Fenc-
0 50 98 100 -- -- -- 19 aramid BABA DERI- 80 + 20 44 63 85 100 --
-- -- 31 3.0 VAT- IVE + FENC- 90 + 10 13 50 56 94 -- -- -- 97 1.8
ARA- MID
[0065]
8TABLE 8 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY N-BENZOYL OCTYL ESTER
OF BABA, Cu (OH).sub.2, (as 50% a.i), MANCOZEB.sup.a Percent
Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds
Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF N-benzoyl octyl -- 3 25 25 75 1261
ester derivative of BABA Cu(OH).sub.2 0 0 13 75 -- 298 Cu(OH).sub.2
+ 70 + 30 0 3 44 50 -- 416 Mancozeb
[0066]
9TABLE 9 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY N-BENZOYL OCTYL ESTER
DERIVATIVE OF FOLPET/OFURACE (45 + 5) AND THEIR MIXTURES.sup.a
Percent Disease Control @ mg/L Active Ingredient.sup.b ED.sub.90
Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF N-benzoyl octyl -- 0 0 0
25 2011 ester derivative of BABA Folpet + 0 0 3 73 -- 301 Ofurace
(9 + 1) N-benzoyl octyl
[0067]
10TABLE 10 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY N-BENZOYL OCTYL
ESTER DERIVATIVE OF BABA, AND MANCOZEB + CYMOXANIL; 4:1 AND THEIR
MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF N-benzoyl octyl
-- 0 0 0 25 2011 ester derivative of BABA Mancozeb + 0 25 25 75 --
313 Cymoxanil N-benzoyl octyl 67:33 25 68 70 95 -- 169 4.3 ester
derivative 50:50 5 63 88 98 -- 95 5.7
[0068]
11TABLE 11 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY N-BENZOYL OCTYL
ESTER DERIVATIVE OF BABA, FOLPET AND THEIR MIXTURES.sup.a Percent
Disease Control.sup.b Com- mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 pounds
Ratio 4 16 62 250 500 1000 2000 mg/L CF N- 1514 benzoyl octyl ester
-- -- -- 63 69 85 89 deriv- ative of BABA Folpet 70 75 90 95 -- --
-- 141 N- 80 + 20 50 80 85 93 -- -- -- 167 3.1 benzoyl 67 + 33 13
76 86 96 -- -- -- 130 2.8 octyl 33 + 67 63 76 78 88 -- -- -- 224
0.9 ester 33 + 67 63 76 78 88 -- -- -- 224 0.9 deriv- ative of BA-
BA + Folpet .sup.a4 days post innoculation .sup.bControl plants
showed 100% leaf blight
[0069]
12TABLE 12 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY N-BENZOYL OCTYL
ESTER DERIVATIVE OF BABA, FENCARAMID (BAYER SZX) AND THEIR
MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b Com- mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 pounds Ratio 2 8 31 25 500 1000 2000 mg/L CF
N- -- benzoyl octyl ester -- -- -- 15 25 50 53 3204 deriv- ative of
BABA Fenc- 0 50 98 100 -- -- -- 19 -- aramid -- N- 90:10 13 50 56
94 -- -- -- 83 2.2 benzoyl 80:20 44 63 85 100 -- -- -- 31 3.0 octyl
ester deriv- ative of BABA + Fenc- armid .sup.a5 days post
innoculation .sup.bControl plants showed 100% leaf blight
[0070]
13TABLE 13 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, COPPER
SULPHATE HYDRATE (EXPRESSED AS mg/L Cu.sup.++) AND THEIR
MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA 43 43 57 72
1468 Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90
Compounds Ratio 2 8 32 125 mg/L CF Cu.sup.++ 57 72 80 89 105 BABA +
Cu.sup.++ 80 + 20 72 72 86 89 102 4.0
[0071]
14TABLE 14 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, (EXPRESSED
AS Cu(OH).sub.2) (Cu(OH).sub.2 + MANCOZEB) AND THEIR MIXTURES
Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90
Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA -- 33 33 50 67 1576
Cu(OH).sub.2 67 67 77 80 -- 304 Cu(OH).sub.2 + mancozeb 70 + 30 67
67 83 93 -- 174
[0072]
15TABLE 15 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA
(FOLPET/OFURACE 45 + 5) Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA
-- 0 29 57 71 1273 -- Vamin 43 57 71 91 -- 206 -- BABA + Vamin 67 +
33 14 21 57 97 -- 166 2.8 50 + 50 14 43 71 89 217 2.1 33 + 67 29 57
74 89 214 1.3
[0073]
16TABLE 16 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW CUCUMBER BY BABA AND (MANCOZEB +
CYMOXANIL; 4:1) Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA
-- 0 29 57 71 1273 -- (Mancozeb + 14 80 97 100 33 -- Cymoxanil)
BABA + 67 + 33 21 57 77 97 -- 135 0.7 (Mancozeb + 50+:50 57 74 100
100 -- 20 3.2 Cymoxanil) 33+:67 29 94 100 100 -- 14 3.5 .sup.a7
days post innoculation .sup.bControl plants were 88% infected
[0074]
17TABLE 17 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA + (MANCOZEB
+ METALAXYL) Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA -- 0 15 3
59 1443 -- Mancozeb + Metalaxyl 34 53 71 82 -- 268 -- BABA +
Mancozeb + 88 + 12 0 0 9 96 -- 221 4.3 Metalaxyl 75 + 25 18 44 53
81 -- 281 2.4 50 + 50 38 76 76 96 -- 150 3.0 .sup.a6 days post
innoculation .sup.bControl plants were 88% infected
[0075]
18TABLE 18 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, FOLPET
& METALAXYL.sup.a 87:13) Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L
Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/LF
CF BABA -- 0 15 3 59 1443 -- Folpet & Metalaxy 0 0 56 76 -- 280
-- (87 + 13) BABA + [Folpet + 88 + 12 12 0 59 81 -- 260 3.7
metalaxyl] 75 + 25 68 53 56 71 -- 393 1.8 50 + 50 0 38 62 68 -- 339
1.4
[0076]
19TABLE 19 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA; FOLPET
& METALAXYL.sup.a, (7 + 1) (MANCOZEB + METALAXYL), (FOLPET +
OFURACE) AND THEIR MIXTURES Percent Disease Control.sup.b mg/L
Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L
CF BABA -- 12 19 25 31 3218 Folpet + metalaxyl 62 82 90 97 --
112
[0077]
20TABLE 20 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, METALAXYL
SINGLE ISOMER MANCOZEB AND THEIR MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease
Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16
62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA -- 8 8 8 38 2155 mancozeb 0 8 23 72 -- 315
Metalaxyl Single 0 0 0 8 -- 844 Isomer BABA + 55 + 40 + 5 23 23 54
75 -- 313 2.0 mancozeb + 50 + 40 + 10 38 25 31 80 314 2.0 Metalaxyl
40 + 40 + 20 8 15 8 31 689 0.9 Single Isomer 45 + 50 + 5 8 8 54 72
309 1.7 40 + 50 + 10 8 31 54 89 228 2.3 30 + 50 + 10 8 15 31 83 273
1.9 35 + 60 + 5 54 54 78 86 239 2.0 30 + 60 + 10 46 38 54 85 268
1.7 20 + 60 + 20 61 69 69 83 281 1.6 25 + 70 + 5 38 46 78 97 139
3.0 20 + 70 + 10 38 23 63 94 194 2.1 10 + 70 + 20 38 69 23 78 362
1.1 .sup.a6 days post innoculation .sup.bControl plants were 81%
infected
[0078]
21TABLE 21 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, ALIETTE,
CYMOXANIL AND THEIR MIXTURES Percent Disease Control.sup.a mg/L
Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 16 62 250 1000 mg/L CF
BABA 37 67 76 85 975 -- Aliette 45 85 98 99 245 -- Cymoxanil 0 20
58 72 1229 -- BABA + Aliette + 60 + 25 + 15 63 70 88 95 584 1.0
Cymoxanil 25 + 60 + 15 70 85 98 100 100 3.4
[0079]
22TABLE 22 CONTROL OF DOWNEY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, MANCOZEB,
CYMOXANIL AND THEIR MIXTURES Percent Disease Control.sup.a mg/L
Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 4 16 62 250 1000 mg/L
CF BABA -- 0 13 50 63 1413 -- Mancozeb 75 87 90 92 -- 167 --
Cymoxanil 13 25 38 50 -- 506 -- BABA + Manco- 60 + 25 + 15 63 75 83
95 152 3.0 zeb + Cymoxanil 25 + 60 + 15 75 87 90 95 136 1.8
[0080]
23TABLE 23 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, BAYER SZX
(FENCARAMID) AND THEIR MIXTURES Percent Disease Control.sup.b Com-
@mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 pounds Ratio 2 8 31 125 500 1000
2000 mg/L CF BABA 61 72 74 2354 FENC- 78 83 95 100 19 ARA- MID
BABA+ 80 + 20 38 58 83 100 33 2.8 FENC- 50 + 50 60 80 98 100 14 2.7
ARA- 20 + 80 78 85 98 100 13 1.8 MID .sup.a5 days post innoculation
.sup.bControl plants were 81% infected
[0081]
24TABLE 24 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, BAYER
DIMETHOMORPH (DMN)AND THEIR MIXTURES Percent Disease Control.sup.b
Compounds Ratio @ mg/L Active Ingredient BABA 1000 gave 17% Control
DMN 5 ppm gave 32% Control BABA + DMN gave 74% Control 1000 + 5 ppm
2 Synergy ratio = 74 = 74 17 = 32 - ( 17 32 ) 33 100 = 2.24
[0082]
25TABLE 25 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA, FOLPET,
CYMOXANIL AND THEIR MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease Control.sup.b
mg/L @Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 16 62 250 1000
mg/L CF BABA 6 22 48 82 1072 FOLPET 43 84 95 97 403 48 63 82 97 524
BABA + FOLPET + CYMOXANIL 25+60+15 76 87 95 99 247 2.0 .sup.a5 days
post inoculation .sup.bControl plants were 95% infected
[0083]
26TABLE 26 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN CUCUMBER BY BABA
PHOSETYL-ALUMINIUM AND THEIR MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease
Control.sup.b mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio 16
62 250 1000 mg/L CF BABA 10 43 43 71 1386 -- Phosetyl-Aluminium 71
71 94 86 638 -- BABA + 12+88 43 43 86 100 261 4.7
Phosetyl-Aluminium 25+75 0 14 71 97 551 1.9 50 + 50 0 14 57 83 1009
0.9 75 + 25 -- 57 57 86 918 0.8 88 + 12 14 29 71 86 931 0.7 .sup.a7
days post innoculation .sup.bcontrol plants were 88% infected
[0084]
27TABLE 27 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN POTATO BY BABA, BION AND THEIR
MIXTURES.sup.a Percent Disease Control mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 250 500 1000 mg/L CF BABA 38 75 93
776 -- BION 13 25 78 1173 -- BABA + 38 78 98 639 1.3 ACIBENZOLAR
-S-METHYL (10 + 1)
[0085]
28TABLE 28 CONTROL OF LATE BLIGHT IN TOBACCO BY BABA AZOXYSTROBINE
MIXTURE AND THEIR MIXTURES, FUNGAL ISOLATE = R Percent Disease
Control ED.sub.90 mg/L Active Ingredient Ratio Compounds (w/w) 5 10
25 50 100 200 mg/L CF BABA -- -- -- 0 13 100 171 AZOXY- 13 81 81 81
93 -- -- 27 STROBINE BABA+ AZOXY- STROBINE 5 + 1 25 100 100 100 41
2.2 10 + 1 38 81 100 100 54 2.1 15 + 1 50 81 100 100 53 2.4
[0086]
29TABLE 29 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN TOBACCO BY BABA,
ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL, RIDOMIL-GOLD AND THEIR MIXTURES: Fungal
isolate = R Percent Disease Control mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 16 62 250 mg/L CF BABA -- 3 27 51
406 BION -- 76 76 99 88 RIDOMILGOLD -- 49 37 58 416 BABA + 75 + 1
48 78 99 90 3.1 ACIBENZOLAR-S- METHYL 10 + 1 45 93 100 52 5.9 15 +
1 22 84 91 186 1.8 20 + 1 14 74 98 116 3.5 BABA + RIDOMIL GOLD 7.5
+ 1 27 63 97 150 2.7 10 + 1 34 44 99 145 2.8 15 + 1 23 52 78 282
1.4 20 + 1 0 20 91 239 1.4 BABA + 7.5 + 1 + 1 37 63 95 174 1.7
ACIBENZOLAR-S- METHYL + RIDOMIL-GOLD 10 + 1 + 1 45 71 92 190 1.7 15
+ 1 + 1 37 84 82 230 1.5 20 + 1 + 1 57 98 98 84 4.2
[0087]
30TABLE 30 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN TOBACCO BY BABA,
ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL, CURZATE RIDOMIL-GOLD AND THEIR MIXTURES:
Fungal isolate = R Percent Disease Control mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 100 200 400 mg/L CF BABA -- 37 62
100 270 -- ACIBENZOLAR -- 37 50 80 443 -- -S-METHYL CURZATE -- 25
25 62 596 -- RIDOMILGOLD 20 35 42 >1000 -- BABA + 10 + 1 62 100
100 113 2.5 ACIBENZOLAR -S-METHYL 15 + 1 50 100 100 118 2.3 BABA +
CURZATE 10 + 1 62 100 100 113 2.5 5 + 1 37 62 100 270 1.1
[0088]
31TABLE 31 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN TOBACCO BY BABA,
ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL, RIDOMIL-GOLD AND THEIR MIXTURES: Fungal
isolate = S Percent Disease Control mg/L Active Ingredient
ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 0.5 5 50 mg/L CF BABA -- 0 27 59 78
-- ACIBENZOLAR -- 54 76 85 52 -- -S-METHYL RIDOMILGOLD 100 100 100
0.2 -- BABA + 7.5 + 1 85 85 99 15 4.9 ACIBENZOLAR-S- METHYL 10 + 1
86 94 100 4 18.7 15 + 1 75 84 100 5 15.1 BABA + 7.5 + 1 94 100 100
0.5 3.3 RIDOMIL-GOLD 10 + 1 99 100 100 0.4 5.4 15 + 1 88 90 100 4.3
2.1 BABA + 7.5 + 1 + 1 99 100 100 0.4 4.4 ACIBENZOLAR-S- METHYL +
RIDOMIL-GOLD 10 + 1 + 1 100 100 100 0.2 12.2 15 + 1 + 1 73 100 100
0.6 5.3
[0089]
32TABLE 32 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN GRAPES BY BABA
ACIBENZOLAR-S-METHYL AND THEIR MIXTURES IN LEAF DISCS Percent
Disease Control mg/L Active Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio
(w/w) 0.31 1.25 5 20 50 100 mg/L CF BABA -- -- 15 93 95 99 38 --
ACIBENZOLA 0 27 75 100 -- -- 6 -- R-S-METHYL BABA + 10 + 1 0 37 68
100 -- -- 6.6 3.9 ACIBENZOLA R-S-METHYL 15 + 1 60 82 100 100 -- --
1.4 19.8
[0090]
33TABLE 33 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN GRAPES BY BABA, ALLIETTE AND
THEIR MIXTURES IN LEAF DISCS Percent Disease Control mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 50 mg/L
CF BABA -- 38 44 81 86 92 33 -- ALLIETTE 13 36 38 40 48 81 -- 24
BABA + ALLIETTE 1 + 1 44 81 87 89 92 -- 12 2.3 3 + 1 44 69 88 92 95
-- 10 3.0 5 + 1 25 31 43 47 83 -- 22 1.4 7 + 1 24 31 34 56 62 -- 30
1.0 9 + 1 22 34 39 55 61 -- 31 1.0
[0091]
34TABLE 34 CONTROL OF DOWNY MILDEW IN GRAPES BY BABA, CURZATE AND
THEIR MIXTURES, IN LEAF DISCS Percent Disease Control mg/L Active
Ingredient ED.sub.90 Compounds Ratio (w/w) 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 50 mg/L
CF BABA -- -- 25 36 78 83 91 36 -- CURZATE 11 39 58 66 55 -- 27 --
BABA + CURZATE 1 + 1 51 61 68 81 89 -- 16 1.9 3 + 1 62 70 77 86 93
-- 13 2.6 5 + 1 69 74 81 89 95 -- 11 3.1 7 + 1 49 68 74 78 89 -- 16
2.2 9 + 1 21 39 58 73 82 -- 17 2.1
* * * * *