U.S. patent application number 10/156161 was filed with the patent office on 2003-04-24 for absorbent tissues providing skin barrier enhancement.
Invention is credited to Krzysik, Duane Gerard, Lange, Beth Anne, Nelson, Brenda Marie, Otts, David Roland.
Application Number | 20030077962 10/156161 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23498643 |
Filed Date | 2003-04-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030077962 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Krzysik, Duane Gerard ; et
al. |
April 24, 2003 |
Absorbent tissues providing skin barrier enhancement
Abstract
A skin barrier-enhancing tissue product, such as facial tissue,
bath tissue or paper towels and the like, can be made by applying,
on the surface(s) of the tissue, a lipid-enriched melted oil
based-hydrophobic composition comprising a natural fat or oil, a
sterol or sterol derivative, an emulsifying surfactant having an
HLB range from about 3 to about 6, a humectant, an emollient, a
wax, and a viscosity enhancer, and thereafter resolidifying the
composition to form a distribution of solid composition on the
surface(s) of the tissue.
Inventors: |
Krzysik, Duane Gerard;
(Appleton, WI) ; Nelson, Brenda Marie; (Appleton,
WI) ; Lange, Beth Anne; (Neenah, WI) ; Otts,
David Roland; (Appleton, WI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KIMBERLY-CLARK WORLDWIDE, INC.
401 NORTH LAKE STREET
NEENAH
WI
54956
|
Family ID: |
23498643 |
Appl. No.: |
10/156161 |
Filed: |
May 28, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10156161 |
May 28, 2002 |
|
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09379777 |
Aug 24, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
442/100 ;
442/102; 442/97 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/375 20130101;
A61K 8/4973 20130101; A61K 8/8135 20130101; Y10T 442/2336 20150401;
A61K 8/922 20130101; A61K 8/345 20130101; A61K 8/342 20130101; A61K
8/63 20130101; A61K 8/0208 20130101; A61K 8/60 20130101; A61K 8/31
20130101; A61Q 19/00 20130101; Y10T 442/2352 20150401; A61K 8/732
20130101; A61Q 19/007 20130101; Y10T 442/2311 20150401; A61K 8/8111
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
442/100 ;
442/102; 442/97 |
International
Class: |
D04H 001/00; D04H
003/00; D04H 005/00; D04H 013/00; D06B 001/00 |
Claims
1. A tissue or towel product having two outer surfaces, wherein one
or both outer surfaces of said product have a composition that
enhances skin barrier comprising: from about 0.1 to about 95 weight
percent of natural fats or oils; from about 0.1 to about 10 weight
percent of sterols or sterol derivatives; from about 1 to about 20
weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB
range from about 3 to about 6; from about 0.5 to about 20 weight
percent of humectant; from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of
emollient; from about 5 to about 95 weight percent of wax; and,
from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of viscosity enhancer.
2. The product of claim 1, wherein said composition has a melting
point from about 30 .degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
3. The product of claim 1, wherein said composition has a
penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters to about 360
millimeters.
4. The product of claim 1, wherein the add-on amount of said
composition is from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent based on
the weight of said product.
5. The material of claim 1, wherein the add-on amount of said
composition is from about 0.1 grams per meter squared (g/m.sup.2)
to about 30 g/m.sup.2 of said material.
6. The product of claim 1, wherein said natural fat or oil is
sunflower oil.
7. The product of claim 1, wherein said natural fat or oil is
borage oil.
8. The product of claim 1, wherein said natural fat or oil is
avocado oil.
9. The product of claim 1, wherein said sterol or sterol derivative
is soy sterol.
10. The product of claim 1, wherein said sterol or sterol
derivative is cholesterol.
11. The product of claim 1, wherein said sterol or sterol
derivative is lanasterol.
12. The product of claim 1, wherein said humectant is glycerin.
13. The product of claim 1, wherein said humectant is sorbitol.
14. The product of claim 1, wherein said humectant is hydrogenated
starch hydrolysate.
15. The product of claim 1, wherein said emulsifying surfactant is
sorbitan oleate.
16. The product of claim 1, wherein said emulsifying surfactant is
glyceryl stearate.
17. The product of claim 1, wherein said emulsifying surfactant is
sorbitan stearate.
18. The product of claim 1, wherein said emollient is
petrolatum.
19. The product of claim 1, wherein said emollient is mineral
oil.
20. The product of claim 1, wherein said emollient is stearyl
alcohol.
21. The product of claim 1, wherein said wax is cerasin.
22. The product of claim 1, wherein said wax is ozokerite.
23. The product of claim 1, wherein said wax is microcrystalline
wax.
24. The product of claim 1, wherein said viscosity enhancer is
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
25. The product of claim 1, wherein said viscosity enhancer is
polyethylene.
26. A method of making a tissue or towel product having two outer
surfaces comprising: (a) heating a composition that enhances skin
barrier comprising a natural fat or oil, sterol or sterol
derivative, a humectant, an emulsifying surfactant having an HLB
range from about 3 to about 6, an emollient, a wax, and viscosity
enhancer, to a temperature above the melting point of said
composition, causing said composition to melt; (b) applying said
melted composition to one or both surfaces of a tissue or towel
web; and, (c) resolidifying said melted composition.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein said has a melting point of
from about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein said resolidified composition
has a penetration hardness of from about 5 to about 360
millimeters.
29. The method of claim 26, wherein said melted composition is
applied by printing.
30. A skin barrier enhancing composition comprising from about 0.1
to about 95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1
to about 10 weight percent of sterol or sterol derivative, from
about 1 to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying
surfactant with an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about
0.5 to about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about
95 weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent of wax, and from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of
viscosity enhancer.
31. The composition of claim 30, wherein said composition has a
melting point from about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
32. The composition of claim 30, wherein said resolidified
composition has a penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters
to about 360 millimeters.
33. The composition of claim 30, wherein said natural fat or oil is
selected from the group consisting of: avocado oil, apricot oil,
babassu oil, borage oil, camellia oil, canola oil, castor oil,
chamomile, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose
oil, hemp seed, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated palm
kernal oil, maleated soybean oil, meadowfoam oil, palm kernal oil,
phospholipids, rapeseed oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic
acid, rose hip oil, safflower, sunflower oil, soybean oil, sweet
almond, or derivatives of natural fats or oils such as stearyl
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and benenyl alcohol, and
mixtures thereof.
34. The composition of claim 30, wherein said sterol or sterol
derivative is selected from the group consisting of: cholesterol,
sitosterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, lanasterol, soy sterol,
avocado sterols, sterol esters, and mixtures thereof.
35. The composition of claim 30 wherein said sterol is selected
from natural extracts that contain sterols or sterol derivatives
selected from the group consisting of: lanolin, avocadin, and
mixtures thereof.
36. The composition of claim 30, wherein said emulsifying
surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitan
oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, glyceryl stearate, sorbitan
stearate, sorbitan tristerate, sorbitan trioleate, and mixtures
thereof.
37. The composition of claim 30, wherein said humectant is selected
from the group consisting of: glycerin, hydrogenated starch
hydrolysate, propylene glycol, sodium PCA, sodium lactate,
sorbitol, and mixtures thereof.
38. The composition of claim 30, wherein said emollient is selected
from the group consisting of: mineral oil, petrolatum, stearyl
alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol,
octyldodecanol, cosmetic esters, and mixtures thereof.
39. The composition of claim 30, wherein said wax is selected from
the group consisting of: carnuba, cerasin, cetyl esters,
microcrystalline wax, montan wax, ozokerite, synthetic wax, and
mixtures thereof.
40. The composition of claim 30, wherein said viscosity enhancer is
selected from the group consisting of: polyolefins resins,
polyolefin polymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers,
polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.
41. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said natural
fats or oils is from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent.
42. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said sterol
or sterol derivative is from about 0.1 to about 10 percent.
43. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said
emulsifying surfactant is from about 1 to about 20 weight
percent.
44. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said
humectant is from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent.
45. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said
emollient is from about 5 to about 95 weight percent.
46. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said wax is
from about 5 to about 95 weight percent.
47. The composition of claim 30, wherein the amount of said
viscosity enhancer is from about 0 to about 25 weight percent.
48. A method for enhancing/restoring/maintaining skin barrier
function skin of a user, comprising the steps of: a) contacting a
tissue or towel product on said skin of said user wherein said
product comprises a skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining
composition that provides a skin barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining benefit upon transfer of said
composition to said user's skin; b) transferring at least a portion
of said composition during use of said tissue or towel product;
and, c) repeating steps a) and b) with one or more additional
tissue or towel product with sufficient frequency to
enhance/restore/maintain said skin barrier in an area of skin
contacted by said liner or tissue material, relative to skin
contacted by an equivalent tissue or towel product that does not
comprise said skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining
composition, wherein said skin barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition comprises: from about
0.1 to about 95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about
0.1 to about 10 weight percent of sterols and sterol derivatives,
from about I to about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying
surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about
0.5 to about 10 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about
95 weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent of wax, and from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of
viscosity enhancer.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein said composition having a
melting point from about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
50. The method of claim 48, wherein said resolidified composition
has a process viscosity greater than about 50 centipoise.
51. The method of claim 48, wherein said resolidified composition
has a penetration hardness of from about 5 to about 360
millimeters.
52. The method of claim 48, wherein said tissue or towel product
comprising said skin-barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining
composition are used by said user on each use occasion.
53. The method of claim 48, wherein said tissue or towel product
which do not comprise a skin-barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition are used by said user
intermittently.
54. The method of claim 48, wherein said tissue or towel product
comprising said skin-barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining
composition are used by a user whose skin is compromised and are
used with sufficient frequency to improve skin-barrier function.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to the inclusion of a
lipid-enriched hydrophobic lotion on absorbent tissue products,
such as facial tissue, bath tissue, paper towels, and the like.
More particularly, the present invention relates to the enhancement
of skin barrier function by the delivery of oil based-hydrophobic
compositions from the absorbent tissue products to the skin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The stratum corneum is the outer-most layer of the skin and
is responsible for regulating skin water levels and functioning as
a barrier against chemicals and other stressors found in the
environment. The complex arrangement of lipids in the intercellular
space of the stratum corneum is responsible for the establishment
of normal barrier function. Multi-layered structures of
cholesterol, ceramides, and fatty acids, as well as some other
minor lipids, provide the major barrier to the transport of
hydrophilic substances into the or through the skin. The link
between the barrier function and skin health is apparent from the
skin inflammation caused by lipid extraction from the skin.
[0003] Skin barrier can be damaged due to a number of mechanisms.
Physical abrasion, for example caused by the repeated rubbing of
absorbent tissue products on the skin, strips away layers of the
skin and thus damages skin barrier. Biological fluids, such as
urine, feces, nasal and vaginal secretions, may contain a variety
of components that can damage skin barrier. Examples of these
components include proteases, lipases, bile acids, and fatty acids.
Once the skin barrier is compromised, these components, in addition
to other constituents of biological fluids, can initiate or
exacerbate skin inflammation.
[0004] Excessive hydration also has a negative impact on skin
barrier. Frequent contact of the skin with fluids such as nasal
secretion can contribute to increased skin hydration. Increased
skin hydration disrupts skin lipid organization in the stratum
corneum. This disruption may increase the skin permeability of
irritants, thus increasing the risk of skin inflammation.
[0005] Absorbent tissue products such as facial tissue and bath
tissue have been used to absorb body fluids and leave the skin dry.
Absorbent tissue, in addition to absorbing fluids, however, also
abrade the skin during use and frequently do not leave the skin
completely dry and free of the body fluid the tissue is trying to
absorb. During frequent nose-blowing or perianal wiping, for
example, the skin can become so abraded as to appear red and be
sore to the touch. To reduce skin abrasion, tissue additive
formulations can be applied to the tissue such that, in use, the
additive formulation either provides lubricity causing the tissue
to glide across the surface of the skin, or leaves the tissue and
is deposited on the skin.
[0006] Once deposited on the skin, these additive formulations
provide a skin benefit by occluding the skin. Thus, these
formulations provide a short-term benefit by providing an
artificial barrier, even though the underlying stratum corneum is
still damaged.
[0007] Thus, what is needed in the art is formulation chemistry
that, when applied from an absorbent tissue, enhances the skin's
barrier function by delivering lipid chemistry while minimizing the
physical damage caused by the rubbing of the said absorbent tissue
on the skin surface.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] It has now been discovered that a skin barrier-enhancing
absorbent tissue product can be made applying, on the tissue, an
oil based-hydrophobic composition comprising a natural fat or oil,
a sterol or sterol derivative, a humectant, an emulsifying
surfactant having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, an
emollient, a wax, and optionally a viscosity enhancer, and
thereafter resolidifying the composition to form a distribution,
preferably a uniform distribution, of solid deposits on the
surface(s) of the tissue. Because the composition is a solid at
room temperature and rapidly solidifies after deposition, it has
less tendency to penetrate and migrate into the sheet. Compared to
tissues treated with liquid formulations, this leaves a greater
percentage of the added anhydrous solid lotion composition on the
surface of the tissue where it can contact and transfer to the
user's skin to provide enhanced skin health benefits. Furthermore,
a lower add-on amount can be used to deliver the same benefit at a
lower cost because of the efficient placement of the composition
substantially at the surface of the product.
[0009] Hence, in one aspect, the present invention is an oil
based-hydrophobic composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95
weight percent natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10
weight percent sterols or sterol dervatives, from about 0.5 to
about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 1 to about 20
weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifing surfacant having an HLB
range from about 3 to about 6, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent wax, and opitonally from about 30.degree. C to about 100
.degree. C and a process viscosity of greater than about 50
centipoise. Also, the composition may have a penetration hardness
of from about 5 millmeters to 360 millimeters.
[0010] In another aspect, the invention resides in a tissue or
towel product wherein one or both of the outer surfaces of the
product have solidified deposits of an oil based-hydrophobic
composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent
natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent
sterol or sterol derivative, from about 0.5 to about 20 weight
percent of humectant, from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of
water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about
3 to about 6, from about 5 to about 95 weight percent emollient,
from about 5 to about 95 weight percent wax, and optionally from
about 0 to about 25 weight percent viscosity enhancer. The
composition may have a melting/freezing point of from about
30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and a process viscosity of
greater than about 50 centipoise. Also, the composition may have a
penetration hardness from about 5 millimeters of penetration to 360
millimeters of penetration.
[0011] In another aspect, the invention resides in a method of
making a tissue or towel product comprising: (a) heating a
composition that enhances skin barrier comprising a natural fat or
oil, a sterol or sterol derivative, humectant, a water-in-oil
emulsifying surfactant having an HBL range from about 3 to about 6,
an emollient, a wax, and optionally a viscosity enhancer, to a
temperature above the melting point of the composition, causing the
composition to melt; (b) uniformly applying the melted composition
to one or both surfaces of the tissue or towel web in spaced-apart
deposits; and (c) resolidifying the deposits of the melted
composition. The composition may have a melting point ranging from
about 30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the skin and
is responsible for regulating skin water levels and functioning as
a barrier against infection, chemicals, and other stress agents
found in the environment. The complex arrangement of lipids in the
intercellular space of the stratum corneum is responsible for the
establishment of this skin barrier function. Multi-layered
structures of cholesterol, ceramides and fatty acids as well as
some other minor lipids provide the major barrier to the transport
of substances into or through the skin. The overall structure of
the stratum corneum acts as the front line barrier of the skin. The
link between the skin barrier function and skin health is apparent
from skin inflammation caused when the lipids contained in the skin
are lost or otherwise absent from the skin, thereby impairing the
skin barrier function. When the skin barrier function is impaired,
the other layers of the skin may be injured and exhibit a response
to that injury, typically evidenced in the form of inflammation.
The lipid containing compositions of the present invention may also
include sterols, sterol derivatives or mixtures of both which may
act in combination with naturally occurring fats and oils and/or
the lipids of the present invention to provide skin barrier
enhancement and skin barrier recovery. By replenishing skin lipids,
the compositions of the present invention provides a skin health
benefit by improving the skin barrier functions also referred to as
enhancing skin barrier function.
[0013] Moisturizers are defined as substances which increase the
stratum corneum water content. While high water content typically
indicates a high degree of moisturization, it is not an indication
of good barrier function. For example, mucous membranes are moist
with an extremely high water content but exhibit a poor barrier
function. Additionally, roughness and scaling of the skin evidence
an abnormally desquamating stratum corneum. However, such symptoms
do not correlate with the status of the skin barrier function.
While moisturizers will temporarily decrease visible scaling and
roughness of the skin, they typically offer little or no
enhancement of the skin barrier function. Despite the potential
efficacy of some lipids as moisturizer ingredients, it is known
that many of the individual lipids actually impede repair of the
skin barrier function when applied to damaged skin.
[0014] One embodiment of the present invention is a tissue or towel
product having two outer surfaces. One or both outer surfaces of
the product have solidified deposits of a composition that enhances
skin barrier. The composition may comprise from about 0.1 to about
95 weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about
10 weight percent of sterols or sterol derivatives, from about 1 to
about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant
having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to
about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95
weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent of wax, and from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of
viscosity enhancer.
[0015] The composition may have a melting point from about
30.degree. C to about 100.degree. C. The composition may have a
penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters to about 360
millimeters. The add-on amount of the composition is from about 0.5
to about 30 weight percent based on the weight of said product. The
add-on amount of the composition may also be expressed as from
about 0.1 grams per meter squared (g/m.sup.2) to about 30 g/m.sup.2
of the tissue or towel product, and more preferably from about 0.5
g/m.sup.2 to about 25 g/m.sup.2.
[0016] The natural fat or oil used in the composition may include
sunflower oil, borage oil, or avocado oil. The sterol or sterol
derivative used in the composition may include soy sterol,
cholesterol, or lanasterol. The humectant used in the composition
may include glycerin, sorbitol, or starch hydrolysate. The
emulsifying surfactant used in the composition may include sorbitan
oleate, sorbitan trioleate or sorbitan stearate. The emollient used
in the composition may include petrolatum, mineral oil, or stearyl
alcohol. The wax used in the composition may include cerasin,
ozokerite, or microcrystalline wax. The viscosity enhancer used in
the composition may include ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer or
polyethylene.
[0017] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of
making a tissue or towel product having two outer surfaces
comprising: (a) heating a composition that enhances skin barrier
comprising a natural fat or oil, sterol or sterol derivative, a
humectant, an emulsifying surfactant having an HLB range from about
3 to about 6, an emollient, a wax, and viscosity enhancer, to a
temperature above the melting point of the composition, causing the
composition to melt; (b) applying the melted composition to one or
both surfaces of a tissue or towel web in spaced-apart deposits;
and, (c) resolidifying said deposits of the melted composition.
[0018] The composition may have a melting point of from about
30.degree. C to about 100.degree. C. The resolidified composition
may have a penetration hardness of from about 5 to about 360
millimeters. The melted composition may be applied by printing.
[0019] Another embodiment of the present invention is a skin
barrier enhancing composition comprising from about 0.1 to about 95
weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10
weight percent of sterol or sterol derivative, from about 1 to
about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant
having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to
about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95
weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent of wax, and from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of
viscosity enhancer.
[0020] The composition may have a melting point from about
30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. The resolidified composition
may have a penetration hardness of from about 5 millimeters to
about 360 millimeters.
[0021] The natural fat or oil of the composition may be selected
from the group consisting of: avocado oil, apricot oil, babassu
oil, borage oil, camellia oil, canola oil, castor oil, chamomile,
coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose oil, hemp
seed, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated palm kernal oil,
maleated soybean oil, meadowfoam oil, palm kernal oil,
phospholipids, rapeseed oil, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic
acid, rose hip oil, rose hip oil, safflower, sunflower oil, soybean
oil, sweet almond, PROLIPID 141 (proprietary blend of glyceryl
stearate, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and phospholipids), or
derivatives of natural fats or oils (such as stearyl alcohol,
lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, and benenyl alcohol, and the
like), as well as mixtures thereof. (PROLIPID is commercially
available from International Specialty Products located in Wayne,
N.J. PROLIPID is generally described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,849,315 to
Rerek et al. which issued Dec. 15, 1998; which is herein
incorporated by reference to the extent it is consistent herewith.)
The sterol or sterol derivative of the composition may be selected
from the group consisting of: cholesterol, sitosterol,
stigmasterol, ergosterol, lanasterol, soy sterol, avocado sterols,
sterol esters, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. The
emulsifying surfactant of the composition may be selected from the
group consisting of: sorbitan oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate,
sorbitan stearate, sorbitan tristerate, sorbitan trioleate, and the
like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0022] The humectant of the composition may be selected from the
group consisting of: glycerin, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate,
propylene glycol, sodium PCA, sodium lactate, sorbitol, and the
like, as well as mixtures thereof. The emollient of the composition
may be selected from the group consisting of: mineral oil,
petrolatum, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol,
behenyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, cosmetic esters, and the like, as
well as mixtures thereof.
[0023] The wax of the composition may be selected from the group
consisting of: carnuba, cerasin, cetyl esters, microcrystalline
wax, montan wax, ozokerite, synthetic wax, and the like, as well as
mixtures thereof. The viscosity enhancer of the composition may be
selected from the group consisting of: polyolefins resins,
polyolefin polymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers,
polyethylene, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0024] The viscosity enhancers can be added to increase the melt
point viscosity of the compositions. Increasing the melt point
viscosity gives better stability of the compositions on the
bodyfacing materials of the articles. The viscosity enhancers also
improve the stability of the compositions at the stability
temperature at least about 100.degree. F (37.8.degree. C) and more
specifically of about 1 30.degree. F (54.5.degree. C). Having high
viscosity (>50,000 centipoise) at elevated temperatures prevents
the compositions from migrating into or away from the materials to
which they are applied. However, the viscosity enhancer component
also provides a low viscosity (<5,000 centipoise) for the
compositions under high shear and at processing temperatures. The
viscosity enhances suitable for use with the present invention are
capable of providing a desirable viscosity to the compositions of
the present invention, depending on shear and temperature
conditions. The viscosity enhancers are suitable for use for many
compositions having a range of melting points. While it is
desirable for compositions of the present invention to have
increased viscosity under "hot box car" stability conditions, the
increased viscosity can be maintained, in part, through the use of
one or more viscosity enhancers up to the melting point of the
particular compositions. Typically, process temperatures are
approximately 5.degree. C above the melting point of the
composition.
[0025] Examples of suitable viscosity enhancers for use in
combination with the compositions and products of the present
invention include, for example: polyolefin resins; polyolefin
polymers; lipophilic/oil thickeners; ethylene/vinyl acetate
copolymers; organically modified clays; polyethylene; silica;
silica silylate; silica methyl silylate; colloidal silicone
dioxide; alkyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose; other organically modified
celluloses; glycol montanate; PEG-12 carnauba; C.sub.20--C.sub.40
alkyl hydroxystearyl stearate; polyperfluoromethylisop- ropylether
montan wax; and, mixtures of these compounds. Many of the
solidifying agents described herein have also been found to provide
the same benefits to the compositions described herein as the
viscosity enhancers.
[0026] The amount of the natural fats or oils used in the
composition may be from about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent. The
amount of the sterol or sterol derivative used in the composition
may be from about 0.1 to about 10 percent. The amount of the
emulsifying surfactant used in the composition may be from about 1
to about 20 weight percent. The amount of the humectant used in the
composition may be from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent. The
amount of the emollient used in the composition may be from about 5
to about 95 weight percent. The amount of the wax used in the
composition may be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent. The
amount of the viscosity enhancer used in the composition may be
from about 0 to about 25 weight percent.
[0027] One embodiment of the composition comprises about 10 weight
percent sunflower oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol, about 1
weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent glycerin,
about 43.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 20 weight percent
stearyl alcohol, and about 20 weight percent cerasin.
[0028] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 10
weight percent borage oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol,
about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent
glycerin, about 43.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 20 weight
percent stearyl alcohol, and about 20 weight percent cerasin.
[0029] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 10
weight percent avocado oil, about 0.8 weight percent soy sterol,
about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate, about 5 weight percent
glycerin, about 43.2 weight percent petrolatum, about 20 weight
percent stearyl alcohol, and about 20 weight percent cerasin.
[0030] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 2
weight percent PROLIPID 141 (International Specialty Products,
Wayne, New Jersey), about 10 weight percent sunflower oil, about 1
weight percent soy sterol, about 1 weight percent sorbitan oleate,
about 5 weight percent glycerin, about 32 weight percent
petrolatum, about 15 weight percent behenyl alcohol, about 32
weight percent cerasin, and about 2 weight percent viscosity
polyethylene.
[0031] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 2
weight percent PROLIPID 141 (International Specialty Products,
Wayne, New Jersey), about 30 weight percent sunflower oil, about 3
weight percent soy sterol, about 5 weight percent sorbitan oleate,
about 5 weight percent sorbitol, about 10 weight percent
petrolatum, about 10 weight percent behenyl alcohol, about 30
weight percent ozokerite, and about 5 weight percent
polyethylene.
[0032] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 5
weight percent lanolin, about 20 weight percent sunflower oil,
about 3 weight percent cholesterol, about 5 weight percent sorbitan
stearate, about 5 weight percent hydrogenated starch hydrolysate,
about 2 weight percent petrolatum, about 5 weight percent
octyldodecanol , about 15 weight percent stearyl alcohol, about 30
weight percent microcrystalline wax, and about 5 weight percent
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
[0033] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 27
weight percent avocado oil, about 3 weight percent avocadin or
avocado sterols, about 2 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about
15 weight percent glycerin, about 17 weight percent petrolatum,
about 18 weight percent cetyl alcohol, and about 18 weight percent
cerasin.
[0034] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 15
weight percent avocado oil, about 5 weight percent sterol esters,
about 10 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about 8 weight percent
glycerin, about 2 weight percent petrolatum, about 55 weight
percent of a blend of ozokerite and cetyl esters, and about 5
weight percent polyethylene. The blend of ozokerite and cetyl
esters comprises about 90 weight percent ozokerite and about 10
weight percent cetyl esters.
[0035] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 25
weight percent borage oil, about 10 weight percent avocadin or
avocado sterols, about 5 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about I
weight percent glycerin, about 11 weight percent petrolatum, about
10 weight percent stearyl alcohol, about 36 weight percent cerasin,
and about 2 weight percent polyethylene.
[0036] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 25
weight percent sunflower oil, about 3 weight percent lanasterol,
about 2 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about 5 weight percent
glycerin, about 15 weight percent petrolatum, about 10 weight
percent stearyl alcohol, about 10 weight percent behenyl alcohol,
about 45 weight percent microcrystallin wax, and about 5 weight
percent polyethylene.
[0037] Another embodiment of the composition comprises about 35
weight percent avocado oil, about 3 weight percent sitosterol about
5 weight percent sorbitan trioleate, about 5 weight percent
glycerin, about 1 weight percent petrolatum, about 10 weight
percent stearyl alcohol, about 21 weight percent ozokerite, and
about 10 weight percent polyethylene.
[0038] Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for
enhancing/restoring/maintaining the skin barrier function of a
user. The method comprises the steps of:
[0039] a) contacting a tissue or towel product on the skin of said
user wherein said material comprises a skin barrier
enhancing/restoring/mainta- ining composition that provides a skin
barrier enhancing/restoring/maintai- ning benefit upon transfer of
the composition to the user's skin;
[0040] b) transferring at least a portion of the composition during
use of the tissue or towel product;
[0041] c) repeating steps a) and b) with one or more additional
tissue or towel product with sufficient frequency to
enhance/restore/maintain the skin barrier in an area of skin
contacted by the tissue or towel product, relative to skin
contacted by an equivalent tissue or towel product that does not
comprise the skin barrier enhancing/frestoring/maintaining
composition. The skin barrier enhancing/restoring/maintaining
composition of the method comprises from about 0.1 to about 95
weight percent of natural fats or oils, from about 0.1 to about 10
weight percent of sterols and sterol derivatives, from about 1 to
about 20 weight percent of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant
having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6, from about 0.5 to
about 20 weight percent of humectant, from about 5 to about 95
weight percent of emollient, from about 5 to about 95 weight
percent of wax, and from about 0 to about 25 weight percent of
viscosity enhancer.
[0042] The composition may have a melting point from about
30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. The resolidified composition
may have a process viscosity greater than about 50 centipoise. The
resolidified composition may have a penetration hardness of from
about 5 to about 360 millimeters. The method may further comprise
using a tissue or towel product having a skin-barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by the user on each use
occasion. The method may further comprise using a tissue or towel
product which does not comprise a skin-barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by the user
intermittently. The method may further comprise using the tissue or
towel product comprising a skin-barrier
enhancing/restoring/maintaining composition by a user whose skin is
compromised and with sufficient frequency to improve skin-barrier
function.
[0043] The amount of a natural fat or oil or a mixture of natural
fats or oils in the oil based-hydrophobic composition can be from
about 0.1 to about 95 weight percent, more specifically from about
5 to about 75 weight percent, more specifically from about 10 to
about 50 weight percent. As used herein, the phrase natural fats or
oils is understood to include fats, oils, essential oils, fatty
acids, fatty alcohols, phospholipids, and mixtures thereof. As used
herein, suitable natural fats or oils include, but are not limited
to, the following materials classified according to CTFA
designations:
[0044] Fats and Oils: Apricot Kernel Oil, Avocado Oil, Babassu Oil,
Borage Seed Oil, Butter, C.sub.12--C.sub.18 Acid Triglyceride,
Camellia Oil, Ca Caprylic/Capric/Linoleic Triglyceride,
Caprylic/Capric/Stearic Triglyceride, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride,
Carrot Oil, Cashew Nut Oil, Castor Oil, Cherry Pit Oil, Chia Oil,
Cocoa Butter, Coconut Oil, Cod Liver Oil, Corn Germ Oil, Corn Oil,
Cottonseed Oil, C.sub.10-C,8 Triglycerides, Egg Oil, Epoxidized
Soybean Oil, Evening Primrose Oil, Glyceryl Triacetyl
Hydroxystearate, Glyceryl Triacetyl Ricinoleate,
Glycosphingolipids, Grape Seed Oil, Hazelnut Oil, Human Placental
Lipids, Hybrid Safflower Oil, Hybrid Sunflower Seed Oil,
Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Hydrogenated Castor Oil Laurate,
Hydrogenated Coconut Oil, Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil, Hydrogenated
C.sub.12-C.sub.18 Triglycerides, Hydrogenated Fish Oil,
Hydrogenated Lard, Hydrogenated Menhaden Oil, Hydrogenated Mink
Oil, Hydrogenated Orange Roughy Oil, Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Oil,
Hydrogenated Palm Oil, Hydrogenated Peanut Oil, Hydrogenated Shark
Liver Oil, Hydrogenated Soybean Oil, Hydrogenated Tallow,
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Lard, Lauric/Palmitic/Oleic
Triglyceride, Lanolin and Lanolin derivatives, Lesquerella Oil,
Linseed Oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, Maleated Soybean Oil, Meadowfoam
Seed Oil, Menhaden Oil, Mink Oil, Moringa Oil, Mortierella Oil,
Neatsfoot Oil, Oleic/Linoleic Triglyceride,
Oleic/Palmitic/Lauric/Myristic/Linoleic Triglyceride, Oleostearine,
Olive Husk Oil, Olive Oil, Omental Lipids, Orange Roughy Oil, Palm
Kernel Oil, Palm Oil, Peach Kernel Oil, Peanut Oil, Pengawar Djambi
Oil, Pentadesma Butter, Phospholipids, Pistachio Nut Oil, Placental
Lipids, Rapeseed Oil, Rice Bran Oil, Safflower Oil, Sesame Oil,
Shark Liver Oil, Shea Butter, Soybean Oil, Sphingolipids, Sunflower
Seed Oil, Sweet Almond Oil, Tall Oil, Tallow, Tribehenin,
Tricaprin, Tricaprylin, Triheptanoin, Trihydroxymethoxystearin,
Trihydroxystearin, Triisononanoin, Triisostearin, Trilaurin,
Trilinolein, Trilinolenin, Trimyristin, Trioctanoin, Triolein,
Tripalmitin, Trisebacin, Tristearin, Triundecanoin, Vegetable Oil,
Walnut Oil, Wheat Bran Lipids, Wheat Germ Oil, Zadoary Oil, and the
like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0045] Fatty Acids: Arachidic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Behenic Acid,
Capric Acid, Caproic Acid, Caprylic Acid, Coconut Acid, Corn Acid,
Cottonseed Acid, Hydrogenated Coconut Acid, Hydrogenated Menhaden
Acid, Hydrogenated Tallow Acid, Hydroxystearic Acid, Isostearic
Acid, Lauric Acid, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Linseed Acid,
Myristic Acid, Oleic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Palm Kernel Acid,
Pelargonic Acid, Ricinoleic Acid, Soy Acid, Stearic Acid, Tall Oil
Acid, Tallow Acid, Undecanoic Acid, Undecylenic Acid, Wheat Germ
Acid, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0046] Fatty Alcohols: Behenyl Alcohol, Cg-C.sub.1 Alcohols,
C.sub.12-C.sub.3 Alcohols, C.sub.12-C.sub.5 Alcohols,
C.sub.12-C.sub.16 Alcohols, C.sub.14-C.sub.15 Alcohols, Caprylic
Alcohol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Coconut Alcohol, Decyl
Alcohol, Hydrogenated Tallow Alcohol, Lanolin Alcohol, Lauryl
Alcohol, Myristyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol, Palm Alcohol, Palm Kernel
Alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol, Tallow Alcohol, Tridecyl Alcohol, and the
like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0047] Essential Oils: Anise Oil, Balm Mint Oil, Basil Oil, Bee
Balm Oil, Bergamot Oil, Birch Oil, Bitter Almond Oil, Bitter Orange
Oil, Calendula Oil, California Nutmeg Oil, Caraway Oil, Cardamom
Oil, Chamomile Oil, Cinnamon Oil, Clary Oil, Cloveleaf Oil, Clove
Oil, Coriander Oil, Cypress Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Fennel Oil,
Gardenia Oil, Geranium Oil, Ginger Oil, Grapefruit Oil, Hops Oil,
Hyptis Oil, Indigo Bush Oil, Jasmine Oil, Juniper Oil, Kiwi Oil,
Laurel Oil, Lavender Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Lemon Oil, Linden Oil,
Lovage Oil, Mandarin Orange Oil, Matricaria Oil, Musk Rose Oil,
Nutmeg Oil, Olibanum, Orange Flower Oil, Orange Oil, Patchouli Oil,
Pennyroyal Oil, Peppermint Oil, Pine Oil, Pine Tar Oil, Rose Hips
Oil, Rosemary Oil, Rose Oil, Rue Oil, Sage Oil, Sambucus Oil,
Sandalwood Oil, Sassafras Oil, Silver Fir Oil, Spearmint Oil, Sweet
Marjoram Oil, Sweet Violet Oil, Tar Oil, Tea Tree Oil, Thyme Oil,
Wild Mint Oil, Yarrow Oil, Ylang Ylang Oil, and the like, as well
as mixtures thereof.
[0048] The preferred natural oils include, but not limited to:
Avocado Oil, Apricot Oil, Babassu Oil, Borage Oil, Camellia oil,
Canola oil, Castor Oil, Coconut oil, Corn Oil, Cottonseed Oil,
Evening Primrose Oil, Hydrogenated Cottonseed Oil, Hydrogenated
Palm Kernal Oil, Maleated Soybean Oil, Meadowfoam Oil, Palm Kernal
Oil, Phospholipids, Rapeseed Oil, Palmitic Acid, Stearic Acid,
Linoleic Acid, Rose Hip Oil, Sunflower Oil, Soybean Oil, PROLIPID
141 (proprietary blend of Glyceryl Stearate, Fatty Acids, Fatty
Alcohols , and Phospholipids from International Specialty Products,
Wayne, New Jersey), derivatives of natural fats or oils (such as
Stearyl Alcohol, Lauryl Alcohol, Myristyl Alcohol, Benenyl Alcohol,
and the like), and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0049] The amount of a sterol or sterol derivative or mixture of
sterols or sterol derivatives in the oil based-hydrophobic
composition can be from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent, more
specifically from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent, and still
more specifically from about 0.8 to about 1 weight percent. As used
herein, suitable sterols and sterol derivatives include, but are
not limited to, the following materials: -sterols having a tail on
the 17 position and having no polar groups, for example
cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and ergosterol, as well as
C.sub.10--C.sub.30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters, cholecalciferol,
cholesteryl hydroxystearate, cholesteryl isostearate, cholesteryl
stearate, 7-dehydrocholesterol, dihydrocholesterol,
dihydrocholesteryl octyidecanoate, dihydrolanosterol,
dihydrolanosteryl octyidecanoate, ergocalciferol, tall oil sterol,
soy sterol acetate, lanasterol, soy sterol, avocado sterols, sterol
esters, and the like, and sourced from natural extracts (such as
avocadin and lanolin, and the like), as well as mixtures
thereof.
[0050] The amount of water-in-oil emulsifying surfactant/surfactant
combinations having an HLB range from about 3 to about 6 in the oil
based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 1 to about 20
weight percent, more specifically from about 2 to about 10 weight
percent, and still more specifically from about 3 to about 8 weight
percent. Emulsifying surfactants are employed typically in cosmetic
preparations to form emulsions of various components. The
immiscible phase, such as water and water soluble/dispersible
materials, is dispersed as droplets in the continuous phase, such
as an oil.
[0051] The preferred surfactants include, but are not limited to:
Sorbitan monooleate, glyceryl stearate, sorbitan sequioleate,
sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan tristearate, and
the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0052] The amount of humectant in the oil based-hydrophobic
composition can be from about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent, more
specifically from about 1 to about 15 weight percent, and still
more specifically from about 3 to about 10 weight percent.
Humectants are typically cosmetic ingredients used to increase the
water content of the tip layers of the skin. This group of
materials includes primarily hydroscopic ingredients. As used
herein, suitable humectants include, but are not limited to, the
following materials: Acetamide MEA, Aloe Vera Gel, Arginine PCA,
Chitosan PCA, Copper PCA, Corn Glycerides, Dimethyl
Imidazolidinone, Fructose, Glucamine, Glucose, Glucose Glutamate,
Glucuronic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycereth-7, Glycereth-1 2,
Glycereth-20, Glycereth-26, Glycerin, Honey, Hydrogenated Honey,
Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate, Hydrolyzed Corn Starch, Lactamide
MEA, Lactic Acid, Lactose Lysine PCA, Mannitol, Methyl Gluceth-10,
Methyl Gluceth-20, PCA, PEG-2 Lactamide, PEG-10 Propylene Glycol,
Polyamino Sugar Condensate, Potassium PCA, Propylene Glycol,
Propylene Glycol Citrate, Saccharide Hydrolysate, Saccharide
Isomerate, Sodium Aspartate, Sodium Lactate, Sodium PCA, Sorbitol,
TEA-Lactate, TEA-PCA, Urea, Xylitol, and the like, as well as
mixtures thereof.
[0053] The preferred humectants include, but are not limited to:
Glycerin, Hydrogenated Starch Hydrolysate, Propylene glycol, Sodium
PCA, Sodium Lactate, Sorbitol and the like, as well as mixtures
thereof.
[0054] The amount of emollient in the oil based-hydrophobic
composition may be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent, more
specifically from about 15 to about 80 weight percent, and still
more specifically from about 20 to about 65 weight percent. As used
herein, suitable emollients include, but are not limited to, the
following materials: mineral oil, mineral jelly, petrolatum,
cosmetic esters (isoproyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl
adipate, C.sub.12-C.sub.14 benzoate, stearyl benzoate, behenyl
benzoate, octyl palmitate and the like), glyceryl esters,
alkoxylated carboxylic acids, alkoxylated alcohols, fatty alcohols
(lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
ceateryl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, octyl dodecanol, and the like),
lanolin and lanolin derivatives, natural oils, base oils,
silicones, organofunctional silicones, hydrogenated vegetable oils,
and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0055] The preferred emollients include, but are not limited to:
Mineral Oil, Petrolatum, cosmetic esters, fatty alcohols and the
like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0056] The amount of wax in the oil based-hydrophobic composition
can be from about 5 to about 95 weight percent, more specifically
from about 10 to about 75 weight percent, and still more
specifically from about 20 to about 60 weight percent. As used
herein, suitable waxes include, but are not limited to, the
following materials: natural and synthetic waxes, such as bayberry
wax, beeswax, C.sub.30 alkyl dimethicone, candelilla wax, carnuaba,
ceresin, setyl esters, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated
jojoba oil, hydrogenated jojoba wax, hydrogenated microcrystalline
wax, hydrogenated rice bran wax, japan wax, jojoba butter, jojoba
esters, jojoba wax, lanolin wax, microcrystalline wax, mink wax,
montan acid wax, montan wax, ouricury wax, ozokerite, paraffin,
PEG-6 beeswax, PEG-8 beeswax, rice bran wax, shellac wax, spent
grain wax, steryl dimethicone synthetic beeswax, synthetic
candelilla wax, synthetic carnuba wax, synthetic japan wax,
synthetic jojoba wax, synthetic wax, and the like, as well as
mixtures thereof.
[0057] The preferred waxes include but are not limited to: carnuba,
cerasin, cetyl esters, microcrystalline wax, montan wax, ozokerite,
synthetic wax, and the like, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0058] Optionally, the amount of viscosity enhancer in the oil
based-hydrophobic composition can be from about 0 to about 25
weight percent, more specifically from about 5 to about 20 weight
percent, and still more specifically from about 10 to about 15
weight percent. As used herein, suitable viscosity enhancers
include, but are not limited to, the following materials: the group
consisting of polyolefins resins, polyolefin polymers,
ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyethylene and the like, as
well as mixtures thereof.
[0059] Resolidification of the melted oil based-hydrophobic
composition can occur almost instantaneously, without the need for
external cooling means such as chill rolls, if the composition is
heated to a temperature only slightly above or at the melting point
of the composition. However, external means such as chill rolls,
either before or after the application of melt, can be used if
desired to accelerate resolidification. Such instantaneous
resolidification tends to impede penetration of the composition
into the tissue and retain it on the surface of the tissue, which
is advantageous. For example, the temperature of the melted
composition can advantageously be above the melting point about
10.degree. C. or less, more specifically about 5.degree. C. or less
and still more specifically about 2.degree. C. or less. As the
temperature of the melted composition approaches the melting point,
the viscosity of the melted composition generally increases, which
further enhances the tendency of the melted composition to be
retained on the surface.
[0060] A unique feature of the compositions of the present
invention is that an oil may be dispersed within a solid matrix.
During formulation, a liquid is suspended within a liquid in a
continuous phase at elevated temperatures and under agitation.
However, upon cooling, the continuous phase crystallizes into a
solid (crystalline) continuous phase matrix with the dispersed
phase (oil) suspended in the crystalline continuous phase matrix.
This may also allow for the oil to be applied without the need of
an activation agent, such as water. As such, the addition of an
activation agent to the compositions of the present invention or to
products treated with or containing the compositions of the present
invention is not required for the benefits of the compositions of
the present invention to be realized.
[0061] For purposes herein, "melting point" is the temperature at
which the majority of the melting occurs, it being recognized that
melting actually occurs over a range of temperatures. The melting
point of the compositions of this invention can be from about
30.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., more specifically from about
40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C., and still more specifically
from about 50.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C.
[0062] In addition, for purposes herein, "penetration hardness" is
the needle penetration in millimeters according to ASTM D 1321,
"Needle Penetration of Petroleum Waxes. Lower needle penetration
hardness values correspond to harder materials. The penetration
hardness of the compositions of this invention can be from about 5
to 360 millimeters, more specifically from about 5 to about 200
millimeters, more specifically from about 5 to about 150
millimeters, and still more specifically from about 5 to about 100
millimeters. (Formulations having a needle penetration hardness
greater than 360 millimeters cannot be measured using ASTM method D
1321).
[0063] The hardness of the formulations of this invention is
important for two reasons. First, the softer the formulation the
more mobile the formulation will be, making the formulation more
likely to migrate to the inner plies of the tissue, which is not
desirable. Secondly, softer formulations tend to be more
greasy/oily to the touch, which is also less desirable. In general,
formulations having a needle penetration hardness of from about 200
to 360 millimeters feel creamy to slightly greasy with less
smoothness (depending on additives). Formulations that have needle
penetration hardness values of from about 5 to about 200
millimeters feel silky to creamy and very smooth (depending on
additives).
[0064] The melt point viscosity and/or the process temperature
viscosity of the formulations or compositions of this invention is
important for two reasons: First, the higher the melt point
viscosity or the process temperature viscosity as it is applied to
the outside surface of the diaper liner, the formulation is less
likely to penetrate through to the inner ply(s) of the tissue. The
less formulation penetrates through the tissue, the more there is
on the surface of the tissue where it can readily transfer to the
users skin surface. Secondly, the higher the viscosity of the
formulation above or at the melting point of the formulation, the
less likely the formulation will migrate at typical or adverse
storage conditions.
[0065] In order to better enhance the benefits to consumers,
additional ingredients can be used. The classes of ingredients and
their corresponding benefits include, without limitation: antiacne
actives (a drug product used to reduce the number of acne
blemishes, acne pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads); antifoaming
agents (reduce the tendency of foaming during processing);
antimicrobial actives; antifungal actives; antiseptic actives;
antioxidants (product integrity to prevent oxidation of the natural
oils or other formulation ingredients); astringents--cosmetic
(induce a tightening or tingling sensation on skin);
astringent--drug (a drug product which checks oozing, discharge, or
bleeding when applied to skin or mucous membrane and works by
coagulating protein); biological additives (enhance the performance
or consumer appeal of the product including vitamins); colorants
(impart color to the product); deodorants (reduce or eliminate
unpleasant odor and protect against the formation of malodor on
body surfaces); emollients (help to maintain the soft, smooth, and
pliable appearance of the skin by their ability to remain on the
skin surface or in the stratum corneum to act as lubricants, to
reduce flaking, and to improve the skin's appearance); film formers
(to hold active ingredients on the skin by producing a continuous
film on skin upon drying); fragrances (consumer appeal); natural
moisturizing agents (NMF) and other skin moisturizing ingredients
known in the art; skin conditioning agents; skin exfoliating agents
(ingredients that increase the rate of skin cell turnover such as
alpha hydroxy acids and beta hydroxyacids); skin protectants (a
drug product which protects injured or exposed skin or mucous
membrane surface from harmful or annoying stimuli); solvents
(liquids employed to dissolve components found useful in the
cosmetics or drugs); sunscreens (ingredients that absorb at least
85 percent of the light in the UV range at wavelengths from 290 to
420 manometers, but transmit UV light at wavelengths longer than
420 manometers); and, surfactants (as cleansing agents,
solubilizing agents, suspending agents, and wetting agents).
[0066] The total tissue add-on of the composition can be from about
0.5 to about 40 weight percent, more specifically from about 5 to
about 30 weight percent, and more specifically from about 10 to
about 15 weight percent, based on the weight of the tissue. The
add-on amount will depend upon the desired effect of the
composition on the product attributes and the specific composition.
A preferred method to uniformly apply the heated composition to the
surface of the tissue web is rotogravure printing, either direct or
indirect (offset), because it is a more precise exact printing
process and offers maximum control of the composition distribution
and transfer rate. However, other printing methods, but not limited
to, flexographic printing or spraying such as WEKO, can be
used.
[0067] As used herein, all recited ranges of amounts, temperatures,
molecular weights and penetration hardnesses are intended to
include all sub-ranges within the recited ranges, even though not
specifically stated.
[0068] The compositions of the present invention may be applied to
the entire outer surface(s) of the tissue or towel product or
portions thereof. The compositions of the present invention may be
applied non-uniformly to the outer surface of the tissue or towel
product. The term "non-uniformly" , as used herein, refers to the
amount, pattern of distribution, thickness of the application,
areas of non-coverage, or the like, for which the composition can
be varied over the outer surface(s) of the tissue or towel
product.
[0069] Also as used herein, a "tissue product" can be a facial
tissue, bath tissue, paper towel, dinner napkin or the like. The
tissue products of this invention can be one-ply, two-ply, three-
ply or more. In all cases, the composition is applied to one or
both outer surfaces of the product after the product has been
dried. The composition can be applied after the plies are brought
together or prior to bringing the plies together. The individual
plies can be layered or blended (homogeneous) creped or uncreped,
throughdried or wet-pressed.
EXAMPLES
[0070] The following examples are presented to provide a more
detailed understanding of the invention. The particular materials
and parameters are exemplary and are not intended to limit the
scope of the invention. The following formulas are used in Examples
1-4.
1 weight percent Formula 1 Petrolatum 93.7% Glycerin 5% PROLIPID
141 1.0% (International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ) Tocopherol
acetate 0.3% Formula 2 Petrolatum 88.7% Glycerin 5% PROLIPID 141
1.0% (International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ) Tocopherol
acetate 0.3% Avocadin (CRODA) 5.0% Formula 3 Petrolatum 83.7%
Glycerin 5% Tocopherot acetate 0.3% Sunflower oil 9.2% Soy sterol
0.8% PROLIPID 141 (ISP) 1.0% (International Specialty Products,
Wayne, NJ) Formula 4 Petrolatum 100% Formula 5 Petrolatum 85.4%
Glycerin 5% Glyceryl monoleate 3% Borage oil 3% Soy sterol 3% Aloe
0.3% Tocopherol acetate 0.3% Formula 6 Petrolatum 86.4 Glycerin 5%
Glyceryl monoleate 3% Borage oil 3% Soy sterol 1% PROLIPID 141
(ISP) 1.0% (International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ) Aloe 0.3%
Tocopherol acetate 0.3% Formula 7 Petrolatum 44% Mineral oil 10.8%
Cerasin 10% Stearyl alcohol 25% Isopropyl palmitate 3% Sunflower
oil 3% Soy sterol 3% Dimethicone 1% Aloe Extract 0.1% Vitamin E
acetate 0.1% Formula 8 Petrolatum 36% Mineral oil 10.8% Cerasin 10%
Stearyl alcohol 25% Glycerin 5% Glyceryl mono-oleate 3% Isopropyl
palmitate 3% Sunflower oil 3% Soy sterol 3% Dimethicone 1% Aloe
Extract 0.1% Vitamin E acetate 0.1%
Example 1
[0071] Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent
tissue promote barrier repair as measured by TEWL..
[0072] All studies were conducted in a temperature and humidity
controlled room (71.degree..+-.5.degree. F. 40%.+-.5% relative
humidity).
[0073] Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL)
[0074] The volar forearm of 24 panelists was abraded by an emery
cloth to increase TEWL levels to 18-20 g/m.sup.2h. After abrasion,
fifteen microliters of a lipid-enriched formulation was topically
applied to the volar forearm. TEWL measurements were obtained using
a Dermalab evaporimeter instrument at 1, 2, and 4 hours. Mean TEWL
values are expressed in Table 1. Repeated measures ANOVA was used
to adjust for the repeated TEWL measures.
2TABLE 1 TEWL (g/m.sup.2/hr) Results- Lipid-enriched absorbent
tissue formulations PIR 1 Hour 2 Hour 4 Hour Mean Mean Mean Mean
Formula 1 19.8 6.6* 6.6* 7.9* Formula 2 18.3 6.4* 6.6* 7.3* Formula
3 19.2 6.5* 6.5* 7.1* Untreated 19.2 15.2 14.3 14.3 *denotes
significantly different than untreated site.
[0075] The above data clearly demonstrates that the lipid-enriched
formulations improve skin barrier repair.
Example 2
[0076] Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent
tissue enhance skin moisturization as measured by conductance.
[0077] All studies were conducted in a temperature and humidity
controlled room (71.degree..+-.5.degree. F. 40%.+-.5relative
humidity).
Conductance
[0078] Fifteen microliters of lipid-enriched formulation for an
absorbent tissue was topically applied to the volar forearm.
Conductance measurements were obtained using the Skicon instrument
at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Mean conductance values are expressed in
Table 2. A pair-wise comparison for each time period using
univariate ANOVAs was applied.
3TABLE 2 Conductance- Lipid-enriched formulations for absorbent
tissues Baseline 1 Hour 2 Hour 4 Hour 6 Hour Mean Mean Mean Mean
Mean Formula 1 202 370* 357* 335* 310* Formula 2 220 344* 349* 333*
319* Formula 3 220 342* 340* 333* 320* Untreated 200 220 235 232
223 *denotes significantly different than untreated site.
[0079] The above data clearly demonstrates that the lipid-enriched
formulations improve skin barrier moisturization.
Example 3
[0080] Lipid-enriched formulations for treatment of absorbent
tissue enhance skin moisturization as measured by conductance.
[0081] All studies were conducted in a temperature and humidity
controlled room (71.degree..+-.5.degree. F.; 40%.+-.5% relative
humidity).
Conductance
[0082] Fifteen microliters of a lipid-enriched absorbent tissue
formulation was topically applied to the volar forearm. Conductance
measurements were obtained at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Mean
conductance values for the baseline, 4, and 6 hour timepoints are
expressed in Table 3. A pair-wise comparison for each time period
using univariate ANOVAs was applied.
4TABLE 3 Conductance- Absorbent tissue formulations Baseline 4 Hour
6 Hour Mean Mean Mean Formula 4 187 243 247 Formula 5 179 281* 289*
Formula 6 195 295* 297* Untreated 194 210 215 *denotes
significantly different than untreated site.
[0083] The above data clearly demonstrates that the lipid-enriched
formulations improve skin barrier moisturization.
Example 4
Repetitive Wiping With an Absorbent Tissue Treated with a
Hydrophobic Lipid-Enriched Formula Reduces Barrier Damage Compared
to an Untreated Absorbent Tissue
[0084] Absorbent tissue treated with a hydrophobic lipid-enriched
formula was repetitively wiped on the side of the face to determine
the extent of barrier damage as measured by TEWL. The study
consisted of repetitively wiping the face of 10 panelists with the
absorbent tissues for a total of 15 wiping cycles. The wiping
cycles were timed to be approximately 30 minutes apart with each
wiping cycle consisting of 20 wipes. A baseline TEWL reading and
TEWL readings after every two wiping cycles were obtained for each
panelist using the Dermalab evaporimeter. The change in TEWL
between wiping cycles was determined for each treatment.
5 Estimated increase Treatment in TEWL/wiping cycle Absorbent
tissue treated with formula 7 4.2* Absorbent tissue treated with
formula 8 4.3* non-treated absorbent tissue 6.4 *denotes
statistically different than non-treated absorbent tissue
[0085] Repetitive wiping with the absorbent tissues treated with
the lipid-enriched hydrophobic formulas resulted in less skin
barrier damage compared to the untreated absorbent tissue.
[0086] Thus, the Examples representatively illustrate that the
lipid-enriched hydrophobic composition of the present invention may
provide absorbent tissue products having improved softness as well
as providing improved protection of the skin barrier function.
Accordingly, the different aspects of the present invention can
advantageously provide absorbent tissue products which, when
compared to conventional tissue products, are softer and have
improved protection of skin barrier function. Such absorbent tissue
products can advantageously be used for absorbent tissue products,
such as facial tissue, bath tissue, paper towels, and the like.
[0087] While the invention has been described in detail with
respect to the specific aspects thereof, it will be appreciated
that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of
the foregoing, may readily conceive of alterations to, variations
of, and equivalents to these aspects. Accordingly, the scope of the
present invention should be assessed as that of the appended claims
and any equivalents thereto.
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