U.S. patent application number 10/011841 was filed with the patent office on 2003-04-10 for cigarette filter.
Invention is credited to Figlar, James N..
Application Number | 20030066539 10/011841 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27359516 |
Filed Date | 2003-04-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030066539 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Figlar, James N. |
April 10, 2003 |
Cigarette Filter
Abstract
The present invention relates to a cigarette filter that
includes a multiple section filter which reduces the level of
predetermined smoke constituents. The filter consists of a fibrous
filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section
containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing
a general adsorbent material. The selective adsorbent material,
such as a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix surface-functionalized
with mainly primary and secondary amine functional groups, removes
specific smoke constituents from the tobacco smoke. The general
adsorbent material, such as activated charcoal, is preferably
capable of adsorbing a range of chemical compounds without a high
degree of specificity. Structurally, the fibrous filter plug, the
selective adsorbent section, and the general adsorbent section are
in tandem and are circumscribed with a plug wrap.
Inventors: |
Figlar, James N.;
(Milledgeville, GA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MIDDLETON & REUTLINGER
2500 BROWN & WILLIAMSON TOWER
LOUISVILLE
KY
40202
|
Family ID: |
27359516 |
Appl. No.: |
10/011841 |
Filed: |
October 30, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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60309388 |
Aug 1, 2001 |
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60309435 |
Aug 1, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
131/344 ;
131/202; 131/341; 131/343 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A24D 3/16 20130101; A24D
3/12 20130101; A24D 3/163 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
131/344 ;
131/341; 131/202; 131/343 |
International
Class: |
A24D 001/04; A24D
003/06 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A multiple section cigarette filter comprising: (a) a fibrous
filter plug; (b) a selective adsorbent section, comprising a
selective adsorbent material having an affinity for a predetermined
class of chemical compounds; and (c) a general adsorbent section,
comprising a general adsorbent material having a high surface area
and being capable of adsorbing smoke constituents without a high
degree of specificity, said fibrous filter plug, said selective
adsorbent section, and said general adsorbent section being in
tandem and circumscribed with a plug wrap.
2. The cigarette filter of claim 1 wherein said selective adsorbent
material is an ion-exchange resin.
3. The cigarette filter of claim 2 wherein said selective adsorbent
material has a surface area sufficient to ensure that the surface
functional sites are easily accessible to a smoke constituent.
4. The cigarette filter of claim 2 wherein said ion-exchange resin
has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix and is
surface-functionalized with primary and secondary amine groups.
5. The cigarette filter of claim 2 wherein said selective adsorbent
section comprises said selective adsorbent material dispersed
throughout a fibrous material.
6. The cigarette filter of claim 2 wherein said selective adsorbent
section comprises a close-packed bed of said selective adsorbent
material.
7. The cigarette filter of claim 1 wherein said general adsorbent
material is selected from the group consisting of activated
charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon,
zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide, a coal-based
charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal, a carbonaceous resin
derived from the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene, or
combinations thereof.
8. The cigarette filter of claim 7 wherein said general adsorbent
section comprises said general adsorbent material dispersed
throughout a fibrous material.
9. The cigarette filter of claim 8 wherein said general adsorbent
section further includes an additive selected from a metal oxide or
a metal-based complex.
10. The cigarette filter of claim 7 wherein said general adsorbent
section comprises a close-packed bed of said general adsorbent
material.
11. The cigarette filter of claim 10 wherein said general adsorbent
section further includes an additive selected from a metal oxide or
a metal-based complex.
12. The cigarette filter of claim 1 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton,
polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester web, polyester tow
or a combination thereof.
13. The cigarette filter of claim 12 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose acetate tow.
14. The cigarette filter of claim 12 wherein said filter plug
further includes a plasticizer.
15. The cigarette filter of claim 12 wherein said filter plug
further includes a liquid additive.
16. The cigarette filter of claim 15 wherein said liquid additive
is a flavoring agent.
17. The cigarette filter of claim 1 wherein said general adsorbent
section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug and said
selective adsorbent section.
18. The cigarette filter of claim 1 wherein said selective
adsorbent section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug
and said general adsorbent section.
19. A multiple section cigarette filter comprising: (a) a fibrous
filter plug; (b) a selective adsorbent section, comprising a
selective adsorbent material having an affinity for a predetermined
class of chemical compounds dispersed throughout a fibrous
material; and (c) a general adsorbent section, comprising a general
adsorbent material having a high surface area and being capable of
adsorbing smoke constituents without a high degree of specificity,
said fibrous filter plug, said selective adsorbent section, and
said general adsorbent section being in tandem and circumscribed
with a plug wrap.
20. The cigarette filter of claim 19 wherein said selective
adsorbent material is an ion-exchange resin.
21. The cigarette filter of claim 20 wherein said selective
adsorbent material has a surface area sufficient to ensure that the
surface functional sites are easily accessible to a smoke
constituent.
22. The cigarette filter of claim 20 wherein said ion-exchange
resin has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix and is
surface-functionalized with primary and secondary amine groups.
23. The cigarette filter of claim 19 wherein said general adsorbent
material is selected from the group consisting of activated
charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon,
zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide, a coal-based
charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal, a carbonaceous resin
derived from the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene, or
combinations thereof.
24. The cigarette filter of claim 23 wherein said general adsorbent
section comprises said general adsorbent material dispersed
throughout a fibrous material.
25. The cigarette filter of claim 24 wherein said general adsorbent
section further includes metal oxides or other metal-based
complex.
26. The cigarette filter of claim 23 wherein said general adsorbent
section comprises a close-packed bed of said general adsorbent
material.
27. The cigarette filter of claim 26 wherein said general adsorbent
section further includes metal oxides or other metal-based
complex.
28. The cigarette filter of claim 19 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton,
polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester web, polyester tow
or a combination thereof.
29. The cigarette filter of claim 28 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose acetate tow.
30. The cigarette filter of claim 28 wherein said filter plug
further includes a plasticizer.
31. The cigarette filter of claim 28 wherein said filter plug
further includes a liquid additive.
32. The cigarette filter of claim 31 wherein said liquid additive
is a flavoring agent.
33. The cigarette filter of claim 19 wherein said general adsorbent
section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug and said
selective adsorbent section.
34. The cigarette filter of claim 19 wherein said selective
adsorbent section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug
and said general adsorbent section.
35. A multiple section cigarette filter comprising: (a) a fibrous
filter plug; (b) a selective adsorbent section, comprising a
selective adsorbent material having an affinity for a predetermined
class of chemical compounds dispersed throughout a fibrous
material; and (c) a general adsorbent section, comprising a general
adsorbent material having a high surface area and being capable of
adsorbing smoke constituents without a high degree of specificity
dispersed throughout a fibrous material, said fibrous filter plug,
said selective adsorbent section, and said general adsorbent
section being in tandem and circumscribed with a plug wrap.
36. The cigarette filter of claim 35 wherein said selective
adsorbent material is an ion-exchange resin.
37. The cigarette filter of claim 36 wherein said ion-exchange
resin has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix and is
surface-functionalized with primary and secondary amine groups.
38. The cigarette filter of claim 35 wherein said general adsorbent
material is selected from the group consisting of activated
charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon,
zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide, a coal-based
charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal, a carbonaceous resin
derived from the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene, or
combinations thereof.
39. The cigarette filter of claim 35 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose, cellulose acetate tow, paper, cotton,
polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester web, polyester tow
or a combination thereof.
40. The cigarette filter of claim 39 wherein said filter plug is
made from cellulose acetate tow.
41. The cigarette filter of claim 39 wherein said filter plug
further includes a plasticizer.
42. The cigarette filter of claim 39 wherein said filter plug
further includes a liquid additive.
43. The cigarette filter of claim 42 wherein said liquid additive
is a flavoring agent.
44. The cigarette filter of claim 35 wherein said general adsorbent
section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug and said
selective adsorbent section.
45. The cigarette filter of claim 35 wherein said selective
adsorbent section is sandwiched between said fibrous filter plug
and said general adsorbent section.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/309,388, filed Aug. 1, 2001, which
application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety,
and from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/309,435, filed
Aug. 1, 2001, which application is incorporated herein by reference
in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present invention relates to a cigarette filter that
includes a smoke constituent adsorbent which, when combined with a
carbon-based filtering material, demonstrates synergistic
reductions in smoke vapor constituents.
[0003] Cigarettes include tobacco rods or columns which, when
burned, produce a particulate phase and a vapor phase. About 70
years ago, filters began to be attached to an end of the tobacco
column to, among other things, reduce various smoke components.
Filters made from filamentary or fibrous material, such as
cellulose acetate tow or paper, reduce the particulate phase of
tobacco smoke by mechanical means. However, the fibrous materials
are not effective at reducing volatile constituents found in the
vapor phase, such as aldehydes, hydrogen cyanide and sulfides. To
improve removal of the vapor phase components an adsorbent or
absorbent is typically combined with the fibrous filter
material.
[0004] Charcoal has a high surface area and is a relatively strong
adsorbent for vapor-phase constituents of tobacco smoke. When
coated with a mixture of metallic oxides, charcoal is particularly
effective in reducing acidic gases. Meerschaum has a large
adsorption area with a strong adsorption affinity for charged
species, but meerschaum has a considerably low adsorption affinity
for non-polar species. Silica gels are generally regarded as weakly
retentive adsorbents for vapor-phase constituents of tobacco smoke.
Although silica gel readily adsorbs aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide,
the constituents also readily desorb from the silica gel. Cation
exchange resins have been proposed for nicotine removal. Anion
exchange resins have been proposed for the removal of smoke acids,
but strongly basic anion exchangers have no effect on smoke vapor
phase aldehydes, and weakly basic ion exchange resins--in free base
form or as strong, inorganic acid salts thereof--either lack vapor
phase filtration properties or have an associated ammonia-based
odor which undesirably influences the flavor of tobacco smoke.
Weakly basic anion-exchange resins of porous structure are suitable
for the removal of smoke acids, but their efficiency diminishes
during smoking, as does that of carbon and porous minerals.
[0005] Two or more adsorbents can be used in combination in
cigarette filters. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,815,760 teaches the
use of an ion exchange material with materials which "chemically
react with the harmful, nonalkaline and nonacid components of the
smoke to form non-volatile compounds, thus retaining the latter to
the filter." However, the aforesaid additives have not yielded
satisfactory selective removal of such smoke phase components as
smoke aldehydes, particularly acetaldehyde and acrolein. U.S. Pat.
No. 4,300,577 teaches the use of a weakly retentive absorbent for
vapor-phase constituents intermingled with a second component
having mainly primary amine functional groups for the removal of
vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide
from tobacco smoke. However, the filter of the '577 patent has not
been shown to demonstrate adequate consumer acceptance or
commercial viability.
SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention relates to a cigarette filter that
includes a multiple section filter which reduces the level of
predetermined smoke constituents. The filter consists of a fibrous
filter plug located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section
containing a selective adsorbent material, and a section containing
a general adsorbent material.
[0007] The filter plug can be made from any filter plug material
known in the art, such as cellulose acetate tow. The general
adsorbent material is preferably selected from a group of
relatively high surface area materials, such as activated charcoal,
which are capable of adsorbing a range of chemical compounds
without a high degree of specificity. The selective adsorbent
material is chosen based on the specific smoke constituents
targeted for removal. Preferably, the selective adsorbent material
is selected from a group of surface functionalized resins, wherein
each resin consists of an essentially inert carrier having a
sufficient surface area to adsorb the specific smoke constituents.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the selective adsorbent
material has a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix
surface-functionalized with mainly primary and secondary amine
functional groups.
[0008] Structurally, the selective adsorbent material may be
positioned adjacent to a tobacco rod and the general adsorbent
material positioned between the selective adsorbent section and the
filter plug. Alternatively, the general adsorbent material may be
positioned adjacent to the tobacco rod and the selective adsorbent
material positioned between the general adsorbent section and the
filter plug. Preliminary data indicates that the former orientation
produces a synergistic effect in smoke constituent reductions
relative to the latter orientation. Further, the selective
adsorbent and general adsorbent may be interspersed in a
traditional filter plug material, such as cellulose acetate, or the
adsorbents may be in a close-packed bed or thin layer section
within the filter plug material.
SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES
[0009] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a prior art filter-tipped
cigarette;
[0010] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette
made in accordance with the present invention wherein the
adsorbents are dispersed throughout a filter plug material, and the
general adsorbent section is positioned between the filter plug and
the selective adsorbent section;
[0011] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette
made in accordance with the present invention wherein the
adsorbents are dispersed throughout a filter plug material, and the
selective adsorbent section is positioned between the filter plug
and the general adsorbent section; and
[0012] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a filter for a cigarette
made in accordance with the present invention wherein the
adsorbents are packed as beds within a segment of a filter plug
material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] The cigarette filter of the present invention includes a
multiple section filter which reduces the levels of predetermined
smoke constituents. The filter consists of a fibrous filter plug
located at the mouth-end of the cigarette, a section containing a
selective adsorbent material, and a section containing a general
adsorbent material.
[0014] As shown in FIG. 1 and as is known in the art, a typical
filter-tipped cigarette 10 has a filter 30 attached to a tobacco
rod 20. The tobacco rod 20 consists of a loose tobacco-containing
mixture 22 wrapped in a cigarette paper 24, and the filter 30
includes a filter plug 32 wrapped in a plug wrap 34. A sheet of
tipping paper 36 joins the filter 30 to the tobacco rod 20.
[0015] Referring to FIG. 2, in the present invention, a cigarette
110 has a multiple section filter 130 attached to the tobacco rod
20. The filter 130 includes a filter plug 132, a section containing
a general adsorbent 134 and a section containing a selective
adsorbent 136 wrapped in a plug wrap 135. The filter plug 132 is
positioned near a first end 131 of the plug wrap 135, and the
selective adsorbent section 136 is positioned near a second end
137. The general adsorbent section 134 is sandwiched between the
filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent section 136. The plug
wrap 135 forms a sheath around the filter segments 132, 134, 136 to
hold the segments together for ease of handling. The filter 130 is
attached to the tobacco rod 20 such that the second end 137 is
adjacent to the tobacco rod 20.
[0016] The filter plug 132 is made from a filamentary or fibrous
material and provides a clean, neat appearance at the mouth end 131
of the cigarette. The filter plug 132 also retains a firmness at
the mouth end 131 as the cigarette 110 is consumed. As is known in
the art, the filter plug 132 can be made from a variety of
materials, among the most common being cellulose, cellulose acetate
tow, paper, cotton, polypropylene web, polypropylene tow, polyester
web, polyester tow or combinations thereof. Optionally, a
plasticizer may be included. Further, the filter plug 132 may carry
liquid additives or flavoring agents, and it may include tubes or
apertures at preselected positions to provide a more consumer
acceptable product, as are known in the art. Functionally, the
filter plug 132 captures particulate matter from the tobacco smoke
as the cigarette 110 is burned.
[0017] The general adsorbent section 134, shown in FIG. 2, is
positioned between the filter plug 132 and the selective adsorbent
section 136 of the cigarette filter 130 and consists of a general
adsorbent material 144 dispersed throughout a filter plug material
142, such as in a "dalmatian" filter, known in the art. The general
adsorbent material 144 is preferably selected from a group of
relatively high surface area materials which are capable of
adsorbing smoke constituents without a high degree of specificity.
For example, the general adsorbent can be selected from activated
charcoal, activated coconut carbon, activated coal-based carbon,
zeolite, silica gel, meerschaum, aluminum oxide or combinations
thereof are among the more common general adsorbents known in the
art. Other general adsorbents which may be used include a
coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal with a density
about 50% greater than coconut-based charcoal (available from
Calgon Carbon, Pittsburgh, Pa.), a carbonaceous resin derived from
the pyrolysis of sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene, such as
Ambersorb 572 or Ambersorb 563 (available from Rohm and Haas, 5000
Richmond Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19137), other materials having
similar particle sizes, surface area, and binding affinities, or
combinations thereof. To further enhance the efficacy of the
general adsorbent, metal oxides or other metal-based complex may
optionally be included in or impregnated on the general adsorbent
section.
[0018] As shown in FIG. 2, the selective adsorbent section 136 is
positioned near the tobacco rod end 137 of the filter 130 and
consists of a selective adsorbent material 146 dispersed throughout
a filter plug material 142, such as in a "dalmatian" filter, known
in the art. The selective adsorbent material 146 is preferably
selected based on the material's 146 specificity for a
predetermined class of chemical compounds. For example, the
selective adsorbent material 146 may be an ion-exchange resin, such
as Duolite A7 (available from Rohm and Haas, 5000 Richmond Street,
Philadelphia, Pa. 19137), or a material having similar functional
groups and binding affinities. The Duolite A7 has a
phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix and is surface-functionalized with
primary and secondary amine groups, thereby enhancing the resin's
specificity toward the aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide found in
tobacco smoke.
[0019] Further, the selective adsorbent material 146 must be
selected taking into consideration that the contact conditions
between the tobacco smoke and the adsorbent 146 are dependent on a
number of variables, including how strongly the smoker draws the
smoke through the filter as the cigarette is being smoked and how
much of the tobacco rod has been consumed prior to each puff. Thus,
it is advantageous that the selective adsorbent 146 have a
sufficient surface area to ensure that the surface functional sites
are easily accessible but such that there is minimal diffusional
resistance. As one example, a resin having a surface area of
greater than about 35 m.sup.2/g can adsorb the smoke constituents
and minimize the probability of the resin packing so tightly that
the smoke stream is impeded as it passes through the filter. In
general, materials with greater surface areas also demonstrate less
noticeable performance decline if part of the surface is covered
with a plasticizer, as might occur when the adsorbent 146 is
dispersed in the filter plug 142.
[0020] When the cigarette is consumed, the tobacco smoke is inhaled
by the smoker through the filter 130. In the embodiment of FIG. 2,
the smoke initially passes over the selective adsorbent section 136
where the targeted smoke constituents are adsorbed on the surface
of the selective adsorbent material 146 and particulate matter in
the smoke is retained by the filter plug material 142. The
remaining smoke then passes over the general adsorbent section 134
where other polarized constituents may be retained by the adsorbent
material 144 and additional particulate matter is retained by the
filter plug material 142. Finally, the remaining smoke then passes
through the filter plug 132 where additional particulate matter can
be reduced. The filtered smoke is then delivered to the smoker.
[0021] As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3, a cigarette 210
includes a multiple section filter 230 with the filter plug 132
positioned at the mouth end 131, the general adsorbent section 134
positioned near the tobacco-rod end 137, and the selective
adsorbent section 136 sandwiched between the filter plug 132 and
the general adsorbent section 134. With the alternative relative
positioning of the general adsorbent section 134 and selective
adsorbent section 136, during a normal puff, the smoke vapor first
passes through the general adsorbent section 134, then through the
selective adsorbent section 136, and finally through the filter
plug 132.
[0022] In the filters 130, 230 of FIGS. 2 and 3, the selective
adsorbent material 146 and the general adsorbent material 144 are
dispersed throughout the filter tow 142. Dispersion of the
adsorbents 144, 146 provides some advantages from a production
perspective. Specifically, when the adsorbents 144, 146 are
dispersed within the tow 142, the adsorbents are easier to handle
than they are as loose particles. However, when the adsorbents 144,
146 are dispersed within the tow 142, there is a risk that any
plasticizer which is used on the tow 142 will affect the surface of
the adsorbents 144, 146, thereby reducing the adsorption capacity.
As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4, a cigarette 310 includes a
filter 330 wherein the adsorbents 144, 146 are packed within the
filter plug material 142 as a close-packed bed or thin layer
section of general adsorbent 344 and as a close-packed bed or thin
layer section of selective adsorbent 346. Because the layer packed
adsorbents 344, 346 would not be exposed to the same level of
plasticizer as the tow-dispersed adsorbents 144, 146, the
adsorbents 344, 346 would retain more available surface area for
interacting with smoke constituents. Optionally, a bed of general
adsorbent 344 may be combined with a "dalmatian" specific adsorbent
section 136, or a bed of specific adsorbent 346 may be combined
with a "dalmatian" general adsorbent section 134. When these mixed
section filters are used, the adsorbent bed 344, 346 may be either
adjacent to the tobacco rod 20 or sandwiched between the
"dalmatian" section 134, 136 and the filter plug 132.
[0023] In the embodiments shown herein, the filter plug 132 is
positioned at the mouth-end of the filter, with the general
adsorbent section and the selective adsorbent section positioned
between the filter plug and the tobacco rod. This configuration is
expected to be the most consumer acceptable because the adsorbent
materials are not visible to the consumer. However, it is
understood that the filter would function as intended if either the
general adsorbent section or the selective adsorbent section was
positioned at the mouth-end of the filter. Further, the term
"filter plug" as used herein refers to a dispersion of the filter
plug material, and as such, the filter plug may be contiguous with
the general adsorbent section and / or with the selective adsorbent
section.
[0024] Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3, an advantage of the
cigarette 110 of FIG. 2 as compared to the alternative cigarette
210 of FIG. 3 is that the smoke passes over the selective adsorbent
material 146 before passing over the general adsorbent 144. This
allows the selective adsorbent 146 to reduce some specific smoke
constituents before the general adsorbent 144 is exposed to the
smoke, thereby allowing the general adsorbent 144 to be more
effective in reducing the remaining smoke constituents. Thus, there
is a synergistic effect observed for the adsorbents in the
cellulose acetate/general adsorbent/specific adsorbent orientation
as compared to the cellulose acetate/specific adsorbent/general
adsorbent orientation. For example, a cellulose acetate/40 mg
charcoal/40 mg Duolite A7 filter 130 attached to a tobacco rod 20
designed to deliver about 10 mg tar is more effective at reducing
hydrogen cyanide, methanol, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, acetaldehyde,
propionaldehyde, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone, hydrogen
sulfide, propionitrile, acetone, 2-methylpropanal, benzene,
toluene, isoprene, furan, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and carbon
disulfide than a cellulose acetate/40 mg Duolite A7/40 mg charcoal
filter 230 attached to a tobacco rod 20 designed to deliver about
10 mg tar.
[0025] The following examples and associated performance data are
representative of the cigarettes which can be prepared in
accordance with the present invention and the smoke constituent
removal performance of those cigarettes. The cigarettes presented
are intended for example purposes only and are not intended to be
limiting in scope.
EXAMPLE 1
[0026] A multiple section filter 110 is prepared as shown in FIG. 2
wherein the filter plug 132 is made of cellulose acetate tow and is
about 7 mm in length, the general adsorbent section 134 consists of
about 40 mg of activated coconut charcoal 144 dispersed throughout
plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to deliver a
section 134 about 10 mm in length, and the selective adsorbent
section 136 consists of about 40 mg of Duolite A7 dispersed
throughout plasticizer-treated cellulose acetate tow 142 cut to
deliver a section 136 about 10 mm in length. The filter is attached
to a tobacco rod 20 having a length of about 83.5 mm and containing
about 617 mg of a typical non-menthol cigarette blend wrapped in a
50 Coresta cigarette paper with about 1.8% citrate. The cigarette
delivers about 10.3 mg tar per cigarette.
EXAMPLE 2
[0027] A multiple section filter 210 is prepared with the section
orientations as shown in FIG. 3 wherein the filter plug 232, the
general adsorbent section 234, and the selective adsorbent section
236 are essentially identical to the filter plug 132, the general
adsorbent section 134, and the selective adsorbent section 136 of
Example 1. The filter is attached to a tobacco rod 20 having a
length of about 83.5 mm and containing about 617 mg of a typical
non-menthol cigarette blend wrapped in a 50 Coresta cigarette paper
with about 1.8% citrate. The cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar
per cigarette.
EXAMPLE 3
[0028] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 20
mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136
instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per
cigarette.
EXAMPLE 4
[0029] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 20
mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136
instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.9 mg tar per
cigarette.
EXAMPLE 5
[0030] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 60
mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136
instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.0 mg tar per
cigarette.
EXAMPLE 6
[0031] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 60
mg Duolite A7 is used in the selective adsorbent section 136
instead of 40 mg. The cigarette delivers about 10.3 mg tar per
cigarette.
EXAMPLE 7
[0032] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 1 except that about 69
mg of a coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used
in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated
coconut charcoal. The cigarette delivers about 10.1 mg tar per
cigarette.
EXAMPLE 8
[0033] Cigarettes are prepared as in Example 2 except that about 69
mg of a coal-based charcoal made from semi-anthracite coal is used
in the general adsorbent section 136 instead of 40 mg of activated
coconut charcoal. The cigarette delivers about 10.2 mg tar per
cigarette.
[0034] Representative cigarettes of Examples 1-8 are smoked to a
butt length of about 4 mm using a Borgwalt RM-20 smoking machine.
Following the procedures set forth by the FTC, smoke constituents
exiting the filter end of each cigarette are passed through a
Cambridge filter pad, the vapor phase is collected in a bag and
analyzed by GC/MS. The average vapor phase yields expressed in
.mu.g/cig are set forth in Table I.
1TABLE I Cigarettes Prepared by Example: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 General
Adsorbent 40 mg activated 40 mg activated 40 mg activated 69 mg
charcoal from coconut charcoal coconut charcoal coconut charcoal
semi-anthracite coal Selective Adsorbent Duolite A7 Duolite A7
Duolite A7 Duolite A7 mg Duolite/cigarette 40 20 60 40 Filter
Segment Order CA/G/S CA/S/G CA/G/S CA/S/G CA/G/S CA/S/G CA/G/S
CA/S/G mg tar/cigarette 10.3 10.0 10.2 10.9 10.0 10.3 10.1 10.2
Acetaldehyde 340.8 333.7 388.3 377.4 320.3 320.2 346.8 371.5
Isoprene 238.3 240.4 257.1 268.3 227.4 234.0 227.3 274.3 Acetone
148.4 163.5 159.1 174.9 148.0 155.9 140.0 165.5 Methanol 108.0
127.6 116.8 155.6 111.7 101.5 96.1 137.4 Acetonitrile 61.6 72.0
68.3 84.4 62.8 59.0 62.0 86.3 Acrolein 30.5 31.4 34.3 35.1 28.5
30.8 9.9 36.0 Methyl ethyl ketone 30.2 35.9 31.5 42.0 30.1 32.5
28.6 40.6 Propionaldehyde 26.5 27.4 29.9 31.1 25.3 25.7 26.7 30.8
1,3-Butadiene 26.3 25.9 28.1 27.8 25.8 25.7 25.7 28.3 Formaldehyde
24.2 25.8 26.0 27.2 22.1 25.2 na na Toluene 23.2 25.3 22.4 30.0
23.9 23.2 18.9 24.7 Benzene 21.2 23.6 22.0 26.3 21.1 22.0 21.5 27.8
Acrylonitrile 17.3 17.7 18.4 19.6 17.0 17.0 7.6 9.2 Furan 16.7 17.0
17.6 17.9 16.4 16.7 17.2 18.8 Hydrogen cyanide 15.6 16.4 21.1 21.4
13.6 15.2 16.9 19.9 Hydrogen sulfide 13.3 13.0 14.3 14.1 13.1 13.1
14.8 14.4 Propionitrile 13.3 15.0 13.8 17.3 13.6 13.2 15.9 20.7
2-Methylpropanal 6.6 6.7 7.1 7.6 6.6 6.6 13.1 15.1 Crotonaldehyde
5.3 5.9 5.6 6.9 5.3 5.2 3.3 5.2 Carbon disulfide 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.8
2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 Styrene 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.1 Pyridine
2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.4 CA = cellulose acetate filter plug;
G = general adsorbent section; S =selective adsorbent section
[0035] From a reading of the above, one with ordinary skill in the
art should be able to devise variations to the inventive features.
For example, the filter plug, the general adsorbent section, and
the selective adsorbent section may vary in length and diameter,
relative to any dimensions specified herein and relative to each
other. Further, the various section dimensions may be optimized for
a particular tobacco blend or for particular tobacco rod
dimensions. These and other variations are believed to fall within
the spirit and scope of the attached claims.
* * * * *