U.S. patent application number 10/119828 was filed with the patent office on 2003-04-03 for pharmaceutical compositions and methods of inhibiting angiogenesis using naaladase inhibitors.
Invention is credited to Lapidus, Rena, Slusher, Barbara S..
Application Number | 20030064912 10/119828 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22332064 |
Filed Date | 2003-04-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030064912 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Slusher, Barbara S. ; et
al. |
April 3, 2003 |
Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of inhibiting angiogenesis
using NAALADase inhibitors
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a method of inhibiting
angiogenesis comprising administering a N-Acetylated .alpha.-Linked
Acidic Dipeptidase (NAALADase) inhibitor to a patient in need
thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising an
anti-angiogenic effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
Inventors: |
Slusher, Barbara S.;
(Kingsville, MD) ; Lapidus, Rena; (Pikesville,
MD) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LYON & LYON LLP
633 WEST FIFTH STREET
SUITE 4700
LOS ANGELES
CA
90071
US
|
Family ID: |
22332064 |
Appl. No.: |
10/119828 |
Filed: |
April 11, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10119828 |
Apr 11, 2002 |
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09110262 |
Jul 6, 1998 |
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6395718 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 323/52 20130101;
C07C 323/56 20130101; A61P 3/08 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/1 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/00 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A anti-angiogenic pharmaceutical composition comprising: (i) an
effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor to inhibit angiogenesis;
and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 further comprising at
least one additional therapeutic agent.
3. A method of inhibiting angiogenesis comprising administering an
anti-angiogenic amount of a NAALADase inhibitor to a patient.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the NAALADase inhibitor is
administered in combination with at least one additional
therapeutic agent.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the angiogenesis is related to a
disease or disorder.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is
cancer.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is a
neovascular disease of the eye.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is
rheumatoid arthritis.
9. The method of claim 5. wherein the disease or disorder is
peripheral vascular disorder.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the angiogenesis is necessary
for fertility.
11. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is a
dermatologic ulcer.
12. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is soft
tissue wound healing.
13. The method of claim 5, wherein the disease or disorder is
cardiovascular disease.
14. The method of claim 3, wherein the angiogenesis is necessary
for metastasis of cancer tumors.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical
composition and a method for inhibiting angiogenesis comprising
administering a N-Acetylated Alpha-Linked Acidic Dipeptidase
(NAALADase) inhibitor to a patient in need thereof.
[0003] 2. Description of Prior Art
Angiogenesis
[0004] The term "angiogenesis" describes the process whereby new
capillaries are formed.
[0005] Angiogenesis is essential for normal physiological
processes, such as growth, fertility and soft tissue wound healing.
However, a significant percentage of all diseases are also
dependent upon angiogenesis.
[0006] Cancer, for example, is an angiogenesis-dependent disease.
Cancer tumor cells secrete or release angiogenic substances that
activate nearby endothelial cells. These endothelial cells respond
by expressing a cell autonomous pattern of behavior that culminates
in the formation of new blood vessels. Research during the last
three decades has demonstrated that angiogenesis is necessary to
sustain the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer tumors.
[0007] In addition to cancer, ailments such as rheumatoid
arthritis, cardiovascular disease, neovascular diseases of the eye,
peripheral vascular disorders, and dermatologic ulcers are
dependent upon angiogenesis.
[0008] Research has shown that inhibiting angiogenesis offers a
treatment that is complementary to, or an alternative to,
traditional anti-angiogenic treatment options, such as surgical,
chemo- and radiation therapies.
NAALADase Inhibitors
[0009] NAAG and NAALADase have been implicated in several human and
animal pathological conditions relating to glutamate abnormalities
and neurotoxicity. For example, it has been demonstrated that
intra-hippocampal injections of NAAG elicit prolonged seizure
activity. More recently, it was reported that rats genetically
prone to epileptic seizures have a persistent increase in their
basal level of NAALADase activity. These observations lend support
to the hypothesis that increased availability of synaptic glutamate
elevates seizure susceptibility, and suggest that NAALADase
inhibitors may provide anti-epileptic activity.
[0010] NAAG and NAALADase have also been implicated in the
pathogenesis of ALS and in the pathologically similar animal
disease called Hereditary Canine Spinal Muscular Atrophy (HCSMA).
It has been shown that concentrations of NAAG and its
metabolites--NAA, glutamate and aspartate--are elevated two- to
three-fold in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients and HCSMA
dogs. Additionally, NAALADase activity is significantly increased
(two-to three-fold) in post-mortem spinal cord tissue from ALS
patients and HCSMA dogs. As such, NAALADase inhibitors might be
clinically useful in curbing the progression of ALS if an increased
metabolism of NAAG is responsible for the alterations of CSF levels
of these acidic amino acids and peptides.
[0011] Abnormalities in NAAG levels and NAALADase activity have
also been documented in post-mortem schizophrenic brain,
specifically in the prefrontal and limbic brain regions.
[0012] Applicant inventors have made the surprising and unexpected
discovery that NAALADase inhibitors can affect angiogenesis in
tissues containing NAALADase. Previous research has shown that
NAALADase is enriched in synaptic plasma membranes and is primarily
localized to neural and kidney tissue. NAALADase has also been
found in the tissues of the prostate and testes. Additionally,
previous findings have shown NAALADase to be present in
neovasculature. Furthermore, as NAALADase continues to be
discovered in other tissues of the body, NAALADase inhibitors most
likely will also show efficacy in the inhibition of angiogenesis in
those tissues.
[0013] While a few NAALADase inhibitors have been identified, they
have only been used in non-clinical research. Examples of such
inhibitors include general metallopeptidase inhibitors such as
o-phenanthroline, metal chelators such as EGTA and EDTA, and
peptide analogs such as quisqualic acid and .beta.-NAAG.
Accordingly, a need exists for new NAALADase inhibitors, as well as
pharmaceutical compositions and methods using such new and known
NAALADase inhibitors, to inhibit angiogenesis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising:
[0015] (i) an anti-angiogenic effective amount of a NAALADase
inhibitor; and
[0016] (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0017] The present invention further relates to methods of
inhibiting angiogenesis, comprising administering an effective
amount of a NAALADase inhibitor to a patient in need thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1/Row 1 is a set of microphotographs of. Matrigel.TM.
plugs subcutaneously injected into mice and treated with a vehicle
alone following injection of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 1/Row 1
shows that a good angiogenic response was observed in the vehicle
dose group.
[0019] FIG. 1/Row 2 is a set of microphotographs of Matrigel.TM.
plugs subcutaneously injected into mice and treated with daily 3
mg/kg dosages of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid following injection
of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 1/Row 2 shows that the Matrigel.TM.
plugs from the 3 mg/kg daily dose group had decreased
neovasculature or angiogenesis.
[0020] FIG. 1/Row 3 is a set of microphotographs of Matrigel.TM.
plugs subcutaneously injected into mice and treated with daily 30
mg/kg dosages of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid following injection
of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 1/Row 3 shows that the Matrigel.TM.
plugs from the 30 mg/kg daily dose group had decreased
neovasculature or angiogenesis.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a microphotograph of a Matrigel.TM. plug
subcutaneously injected into a mouse and treated with a continuous
concentration dosage of a vehicle alone following injection of an
angiogenic factor. FIG. 2 shows that a strong angiogenic response
was observed in the vehicle.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a microphotograph of a Matrigel.TM. plug
subcutaneously injected into a mouse and treated with a 1 .mu.g/day
continuous dosage of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid following
injection of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 3 shows that a strong
angiogenic response was observed in the 1 .mu.g/day dose group.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a microphotograph of a Matrigel.TM. plug
subcutaneously injected into a mouse and treated with a 10
.mu.g/day continuous dosage of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid
following injection of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 4 shows that
delivery of 10 .mu.g/day of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid
significantly decreased angiogenesis in the Matrigel.TM./bFGF
gels.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a microphotograph of a Matrigel.TM. plug
subcutaneously injected into a mouse and treated with a 100
.mu.g/day continuous dosage of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid
following injection of an angiogenic factor. FIG. 5 shows that
delivery of 100 .mu.g/day of 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid
significantly decreased angiogenesis in the Matrigel.TM./bFGF
gels.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
[0025] "Alkyl" means a branched or unbranched saturated hydrocarbon
chain comprising a designated number of carbon atoms. For example,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched alkyl hydrocarbon chain
contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and includes but is not limited to
substituents such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl,
iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and the like, unless
otherwise indicated.
[0026] "Alkenyl" means a branched or unbranched unsaturated
hydrocarbon chain comprising a designated number of carbon atoms.
For example, C.sub.2- C.sub.6 straight or branched alkenyl
hydrocarbon chain contains 2 to 6 carbon atoms having at least one
double bond, and includes but is not limited to substituents such
as ethenyl, propenyl, iso-propenyl, butenyl, iso-butenyl,
tert-butenyl, n-pentenyl, n-hexenyl, and the like, unless otherwise
indicated.
[0027] "Alkoxy" means the group -OR wherein R is alkyl as herein
defined. Preferably, R is a branched or unbranched saturated
hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
[0028] "Ar" means an aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, or heterocycle
that is a cyclic or fused cyclic ring and includes a mono-, bi- or
tricyclic, carbo- or heterocyclic. ring, wherein the ring is either
unsubstituted or substituted in one or more position(s) with
hydrogen, hydroxy, carbonyl, amino, amido, cyano, isocyano, nitro,
nitroso, nitrilo, isonitrilo, imino, azo, diazo, sulfonyl,
sulfhydryl, sulfoxy, thio, thiocarbonyl, thiocyano, formanilido,
thioformamido, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkylaryloxy, aryloxy,
arylalkyloxy, alkylamino, aminoalkyl, thioalkyl, alkylthio,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl and carbocyclic
and heterocyclic moieties; wherein the individual ring sizes are
5-8 members; wherein the heterocyclic ring contains 1-4
heteroatom(s) selected from the group consisting of O, N, or S;
wherein aromatic or tertiary alkyl amines are optionally oxidized
to a corresponding N-oxide.
[0029] Examples of useful carbocyclic and heterocyclic moieties
include, without limitation, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, indenyl,
azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzthiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyridyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinolizinyl,
furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
isoxazolyl, isotriazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, trithianyl,
indolizinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thienyl,
tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,
quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, and adamanyl.
[0030] Particularly preferred aryl or heteroaryl moieties include
but are not limited to phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl,
pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl, quinolinyl,
isoquinolinyl, furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl,
pyrazolyl, and thienyl.
[0031] "Cancer", as used herein, includes, but is not limited to,
types of cancer selected from the following group: ACTH-producing
tumors, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia,
cancer of the adrenal cortex, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast
cancer, cervix cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic
myelocytic leukemia, colorectal cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma,
endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, gallbladder
cancer, hairy cell leukemia, head & neck cancer, Hodgkin's
lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung
cancer (small and/or non-small cell), malignant peritoneal
effusion, malignant pleural effusion, melanoma, mesothelioma,
multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, ovary (germ cell) cancer, pancreatic
cancer, penis cancer, prostate cancer, retinoblastoma, skin cancer,
soft-tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinomas, stomach cancer,
testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms, cancer
of the uterus, vaginal cancer, cancer of the vulva, and Wilm's
tumor.
[0032] "Diastereoisomers" are stereoisomers which are not mirror
images of each other.
[0033] "Electromagnetic radiation" as used in this specification
includes, but is not limited to, radiation having the wavelength of
10.sup.-20 to 10.degree. meters. Preferred embodiments of the
present invention employ the electromagnetic radiation of:
gamma-radiation (10.sup.-20 to 10.sup.-13 m) x-ray radiation
(10.sup.-11 to 10.sup.-9 m) , ultraviolet light (10 nm to 400 nm),
visible light (400 nm to 700 nm), infrared radiation (700 nm to 1.0
mm), and microwave radiation (1 mm to 30 cm).
[0034] "Enantiomers" are a pair of stereoisomers that are
non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
[0035] "Halo" means at least one fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo
moiety, unless otherwise indicated.
[0036] "Inhibiting" or "inhibition", in the context of
angiogenesis, may be assessed by delayed appearance of neovascular
structures, slowed development of neovascular structures, decreased
occurrence of neovascular structures, slowed or decreased severity
of angiogenesis-dependent disease effects, arrested angiogenic
growth and regression of previous angiogenic growth, among others.
In the extreme, complete inhibition is referred to herein as
prevention.
[0037] "Inhibition" of angiogenesis may be measured by many
parameters in accordance with the present invention and, for
instance, may be assessed by delayed appearance of neovascular
structures, slowed development of neovascular structures, decreased
occurrence of neovascular structures, slowed or decreased severity
of angiogenesis-dependent disease effects, arrested angiogenic
growth, or regression of previous angiogenic growth. In the
extreme, complete inhibition is referred to herein as
prevention.
[0038] The term "inhibition", in the context of enzyme inhibition,
relates to reversible enzyme inhibition such as competitive,
uncompetitive, and noncompetitive inhibition. This can be
experimentally distinguished by the effects of the inhibitor on the
reaction kinetics of the enzyme, which may be analyzed in terms of
the basic Michaelis-Menten rate equation. Competitive inhibition
occurs when the inhibitor can combine with the free enzyme in such
a way that it competes with the normal substrate for binding at the
active site. A competitive inhibitor reacts reversibly with the
enzyme to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex [EI], analogous to the
enzyme-substrate complex:
E+I=EI
[0039] Following the Michaelis-Menten formalism, we can define the
inhibitor constant, K.sub.i, as the dissociation constant of the
enzyme-inhibitor complex: 1 K i = [ E ] [ I ] [ EI ]
[0040] Thus, in accordance with the above and as used herein,
K.sub.i is essentially a measurement of affinity between a
molecule, and its receptor, or in relation to the present
invention, between the present inventive compounds and the enzyme
to be inhibited. It should be noted that "IC.sub.50" is a related
term used when defining the concentration or amount of a compound
that is required to cause a 50% inhibition of the target
enzyme.
[0041] "Isomers" are different compounds that have the same
molecular formula and includes cyclic isomers such as (iso)indole
and other isomeric forms of cyclic moieties.
[0042] "Metastasis"--as set out in Hill, R. P, Chapter 11,
Metastasis, pp. 178-195 in The Basic Science of Oncology, Tannock
et al., Eds., McGraw-Hill, New York (1992), which is incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety--is "The ability of cells of a
cancer to disseminate and form new foci of growth at noncontiguous
sites (i.e., to form metastases)."
[0043] Similarly, metastasis is described in Aznavoorian et al.,
Cancer 71: 1368-1383 (1993), which is incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety, as "The transition from in situ tumor
growth to metastatic disease is defined by the ability of tumor
cells of the primary site to invade local tissues and to cross
tissue barriers. . . . To initiate the metastatic process,
carcinoma cells must first penetrate the epithelial basement
membrane and then invade the interstitial stroma. . . . For distant
metastases, intravasation requires tumor cell invasion of the
subendothelial basement membrane that must also be negotiated
during tumor cell extravasation. . . . The development of
malignancy is also associated with tumor-induced angiogenesis
[which] not only allows for expansion of the primary tumors, but
also permits easy access to the vascular compartment due to defects
in the basement membranes of newly formed vessels."
[0044] "NAAG" refers to N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate, an important
peptide component of the brain, with levels comparable to the major
inhibitor neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). NAAG is
neuron-specific, present in synaptic vesicles and released upon
neuronal stimulation in several systems presumed to be
glutamatergic. Studies suggest that NAAG may function as a
neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the central nervous
system, or as a precursor of the neurotransmitter glutamate.
[0045] "NAALADase" refers to N-Acetylated Alpha-linked Acidic
Dipeptidase, a membrane-bound metallopeptidase which catabolizes
NAAG to N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamate: 1
[0046] NAALADase shows a high affinity for NAAG with a Km of 540
nM. If NAAG is a bioactive peptide, then NAALADase may serve to
inactivate NAAG'S synaptic action. Alternatively, if NAAG functions
as a precursor for glutamate, the primary function of NAALADase may
be to regulate synaptic glutamate availability. The enzyme was
originally named for its substrate specificity for hydrolyzing
N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptides. Currently, it is know
that the enzyme has a broader range of substrate specificity than
originally discovered, particularly that the enzyme does not
require N-acetylation or alpha-linkage. Thus, as used herein
"NAALADase" encompasses other names used in the literature such as
NAAG hydrolyzing enzyme and NAALA dipeptidase.
[0047] "Pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" refers to a derivative
of the inventive compounds which undergoes biotransformation prior
to exhibiting its pharmacological effect(s). The prodrug is
formulated with the objective(s) of improved chemical stability,
improved patient acceptance and compliance, improved
bioavailability, prolonged duration of action, improved organ
selectivity, improved formulation (e.g., increased
hydrosolubility), and/or decreased side effects (e.g., toxicity).
The prodrug can be readily prepared from the inventive compounds
using methods known in the art, such as those described by Burger's
Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Chemistry, Fifth Ed., Vol. 1, pp.
172-178, 949-982 (1995). For example, the inventive compounds can
be transformed into prodrugs by converting one or more of the
hydroxy or carboxy groups into esters.
[0048] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or
solvate" refers to salt, ester, or solvates of the subject
compounds which possess the desired pharmacological activity and
which are neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable. The salt,
ester, or solvates can be formed with inorganic acids such as
acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate,
bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate,
cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate,
ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, gluconate,
glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride
hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate,
maleate, methanesulfonate, naphthylate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate,
nicotinate, oxalate, sulfate, thiocyanate, tosylate and
undecanoate. Base salt, ester, or solvates include ammonium salts,
alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline
earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salt with
organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts,
N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine,
lysine, and so forth. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups
can be quarternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such
as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides;
dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl
sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and
stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like
benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or
dispersible products are thereby obtained.
[0049] The compounds of this invention may possess at least one
asymmetric center and thus can be produced as mixtures of
stereoisomers or as individual enantiomers or diastereomers. The
individual stereoisomers may be obtained by using an optically
active starting material, by resolving a racemic or non-racemic
mixture of an intermediate at some appropriate stage of the
synthesis, or by resolution of the compounds of the present
invention. It is understood that the individual stereoisomers as
well as mixtures (racemic and non-racemic) of stereoisomers are
encompassed by the scope of the present invention. The
S-stereoisomer at atom 1 of Formula I is most preferred due to its
greater activity.
[0050] "Phenyl" includes all possible isomeric phenyl radicals,
optionally monosubstituted or multi-substituted with substituents
selected from the group consisting of amino, halo, haloalkyl,
hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, ester, thioester, alkoxy, alkenoxy, cyano,
nitro, imino, alkylamlno, aminoalkyl, sulfhydryl, thioalkyl,
sulfonyl, NR.sub.2 wherein R.sub.2 is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)-straight or branched
chain alkyl, (C.sub.3-C.sub.6)-straight or branched chain alkenyl
or alkynyl, and (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) bridging alkyl wherein said
bridging alkyl forms a heterocyclic ring starting with the nitrogen
of NR.sub.1 and ending with one of the carbon atoms of said alkyl
or alkenyl chain, and wherein said heterocyclic ring is optionally
fused to an Ar group.
[0051] "Prevention", in relation to angiogenesis or angiogenic
growth, means no angiogenesis or angiogenic growth if none had
previously occurred, or no further angiogenesis or angiogenic
growth if there had already been growth.
[0052] "Racemic mixture" means a mixture containing equal parts of
individual enantiomers. "Non-racemic mixture" is a mixture
containing unequal parts of individual enantiomers or
stereoisomers.
[0053] "Radiosensitizer", as used in this specification, is defined
as a low molecular weight molecule administered to animals in
therapeutically effective amounts to promote the treatment of
diseases which are treatable with electromagnetic radiation.
Diseases which are treatable with electromagnetic radiation include
neoplastic diseases, benign and malignant tumors, and cancerous
cells. Electromagnetic radiation treatment of other diseases not
listed herein are also contemplated by the present invention.
[0054] "Stereoisomers" are isomers that differ only in the way the
atoms are arranged in space.
[0055] The term "treatment" as used herein covers any treatment of
a disease and/or condition in an animal, particularly a human, and
includes:
[0056] (i) preventing a disease, disorder and/or condition from
occurring in a person which may be predisposed to the disease,
disorder and/or condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having
it;
[0057] (ii) inhibiting the disease, disorder and/or condition,
i.e., arresting its development; and
[0058] (iii) relieving the disease, disorder and/or condition,
i.e., causing regression of the disease, disorder and/or
condition.
PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0059] The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions
comprising:
[0060] (i) an anti-angiogenic effective amount of a NAALADase
inhibitor; and
[0061] (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0062] The pharmaceutical composition may further comprise at least
one additional therapeutic agent.
[0063] Since NAALADase is a metallopeptidase, useful NAALADase
inhibitors for the pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention include small molecule compounds with functional groups
known to inhibit metallo-peptidases, such as hydroxyphosphinyl
derivatives.
[0064] According to scientific literature, the glutamate moiety
plays a more critical role than the aspartate moiety in the
recognition of NAAG by NAALADase. As such, a preferred NAALADase
inhibitor is a glutamate-derived hydroxyphosphinyl derivative, an
acidic peptide analog, a conformationally restricted glutamate
mimic or a mixture thereof.
[0065] A preferred acidic peptide analog is selected from the group
consisting of Asp-Glu, Glu-Glu, Gly-Glu, gamma-Glu-Glu and
Glu-Glu-Glu.
[0066] A preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a glutamate-derived
hydroxyphosphinyl derivative of Formula I: 2
[0067] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0068] Y is CR.sub.3R.sub.4, NR.sub.5 or O;
[0069] R.sub.1 and R.sub.5 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, haloalkyl,
thiocarbonyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkylaryloxy, aryloxy,
arylalkyloxy, cyano, nitro, imino, alkylamino, aminoalkyl,
sulfhydryl, thioalkyl, alkylthio, sulfonyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkenyl or alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle,
wherein said R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or substituted with carboxy,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo,
hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar or a mixture thereof;
[0070] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said R.sub.2 is
unsubstituted or substituted with carboxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar
or a mixture thereof;
[0071] R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, Ar, halo
and mixtures thereof;
[0072] Ar is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety, which is
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s).
[0073] Examples of useful alkyl groups include, without limitation,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,
2-methyl pentyl and the like.
[0074] Possible substituents of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4,
R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8 and Ar.sub.1 include, without
limitation, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, hydroxy,
carboxy, carbonyl, amino, amido, cyano, isocyano, nitro, nitroso,
nitrilo, isonitrilo, imino, azo, diazo, sulfonyl, sulfoxy, thio,
thiocarbonyl, thiocyano, formanilido, thioformamido, sulfhydryl,
halo, haloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, and carbocyclic and heterocyclic
moieties. Carbocyclic moieties include alicyclic and aromatic
structures.
[0075] Examples of useful carbocyclic and heterocyclic moieties
include, without limitation, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, indenyl,
azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzthiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyridyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinolizinyl,
furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
isoxazolyl, isotriazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, trithianyl,
indolizinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thienyl,
tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,
quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl and adamantyl.
[0076] Preferably, Y is CH.sub.2.
[0077] More preferably, R.sub.2 is substituted with carboxy.
[0078] Even more preferably, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, benzyl or phenyl, wherein said R.sub.1 is
unsubstituted or substituted with carboxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino,
benzyl, phenyl or mixtures thereof; and R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.2
alkyl.
[0079] Most preferably, the glutamate-derived hydroxyphosphinyl
derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
[0080] 2-[[(2-carboxyethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0081] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0082] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0083] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0084] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0085] 2-[[cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0086] 2-[[(cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0087] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0088] 2-[[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0089] 2-[[(phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0090] 2-[[(phenylethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0091] 2-[[(phenylpropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0092] 2-[[(phenylbutyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0093] 2-[[(4-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0094] 2-[[(4-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0095] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0096]
2-[[(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0097] 2-[[(methoxybenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0098]
2[[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0099]
2-[[(phenylprop-2-enyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0100] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0101]
2-[[((hydroxy)phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0102] 2-[[(3-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0103] 2-[[(4-fluorophenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0104]
2-[[(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0105] In other embodiments, R.sub.2 is C.sub.3-C.sub.9 alkyl;
R.sub.1 is 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or
branched chain alkyl substituted with 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl,
4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl; or R.sub.1 is
1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or branched
chain alkyl. substituted with 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl.
[0106] Preferred compounds of these embodiments include:
[0107] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]hexanedioic acid;
[0108] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]hexanedioic acid;
[0109] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]heptanedioic acid;
[0110] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]heptanedioic acid;
[0111] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]octanedioic acid;
[0112] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]octanedioic acid;
[0113] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]nonanedioic acid;
[0114] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]nonanedioic acid;
[0115] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]decanedioic acid;
[0116] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]decanedioic acid;
[0117] 2-[[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0118] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0119] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0120] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0121] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0122]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0123]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0124]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0125]
2-[[(2-tetrahydropyranyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0126] 2-[[(3-tetrahydropyranyl)
hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic acid;
[0127]
2-[[(4-tetrahydropyranyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0128] 2-[[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0129] 2-[[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0130] 2-[[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0131] 2-[[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0132] 2-[[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0133] 2-[[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0134] 2-[[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0135] 2-[[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0136] 2-[[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0137] 2-[[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0138] 2-[[(2-pyridyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0139] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0140] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0141]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0142] 2-[[(2-indolyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0143] 2-[[(3-indolyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0144] 2-[[(4-indolyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0145] 2-[[(2-thienyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0146] 2-[[(3-thienyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0147] 2-[[(4-thienyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0148] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0149] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0150] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0151] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0152] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0153] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0154] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0155] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0156] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0157] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0158] In another preferred embodiment, Y is CH.sub.2 and R.sub.2
is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, benzyl and phenyl, wherein said R.sub.2 is
unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy, phenyl or mixtures thereof.
[0159] More preferably, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, benzyl or phenyl, wherein said R.sub.1 is
unsubstituted or substituted with carboxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino,
benzyl, phenyl or mixtures thereof.
[0160] Most preferably, the glutamate-derived hydroxyphosphinyl
derivative is selected from the group consisting of:
[0161] 3-(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0162] 3-(ethylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0163] 3-(propylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0164] 3-(butylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0165] 3-(cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0166] 3-((cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0167] 3-(phenylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0168] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0169] 3-(phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0170] 3-(phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0171] 3-(phenylbutylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic acid;
[0172]
3-((2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0173] 3-(phenylprop-2-enylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0174] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-ethylpropanoic acid;
[0175] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-propylpropanoic acid;
[0176] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-butylpropanoic acid;
[0177] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-cyclohexylpropanoic acid;
[0178] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(cyclohexyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0179] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenypropanoic acid;
[0180] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-benzylpropanoic acid;
[0181] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylethylpropanoic acid;
[0182] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropylpropanoic
acid;
[0183] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylbutylpropanoic acid;
[0184]
3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-propanoic
acid;
[0185] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylprop-2-enylpropanoic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0186] In other embodiments, at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is
2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or
branched chain alkyl substituted with 2-indolyl 3-indolyl,
4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl or 4-pyridyl; or R.sub.1 is
1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, or C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or branched
chain alkyl substituted with 1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl.
[0187] Preferred compounds of these embodiments include:
[0188] 3-[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0189] 3-[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0190] 3-[(4-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0191] 3-[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0192] 3-[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0193]
3-[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0194]
3-[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0195]
3-[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0196] 3-[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0197] 3-[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0198] 3-[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0199] 3-[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0200] 3-[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0201] 3-[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0202] 3-[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0203] 3-[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0204] 3-[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0205] 3-[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0206] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0207] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0208] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(4-pyridyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0209] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylpropanoic
acid;
[0210] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-pyridyl)propylpropanoic
acid;
[0211]
3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0212]
3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylpropancic
acid;
[0213]
3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylpropanoic
acid;
[0214] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(2-indolyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0215] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-indolyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0216] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(4-indolyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0217] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-indolyl)ethylpropanoic
acid;
[0218] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-indolyl)propylpropanoic
acid;
[0219] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(2-thienyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0220] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-thienyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0221] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(4-thienyl)methylpropanoic
acid;
[0222] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-thienyl)ethylpropanoic
acid;
[0223] 3-(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-(3-thienyl)propylpropanoic
acid;
[0224] 3-((1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0225] 3-((2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0226] 3-((1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0227] 3-((2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0228] 3-((1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0229] 3-((2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0230] 3-((1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0231] 3-((2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0232] 3-((l-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid;
[0233] 3-((2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl)-2-phenylpropanoic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0234] When Y is O, R.sub.2 is preferably substituted with
carboxy.
[0235] Exemplary compounds of this embodiment include:
[0236] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0237] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0238] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0239] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0240] 2-[[cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0241] 2-[[(cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0242] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0243] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0244] 2-[[phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedicic acid;
[0245] 2-[[phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0246] 2-[[phenylbutylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0247] 2-[[(4-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0248] 2-[[(4-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0249] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0250] 2-[[(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0251] 2-[[(methoxybenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]p-entanedioic
acid;
[0252]
2-[[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0253] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0254] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0255] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0256] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0257] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0258] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0259] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0260] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0261] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0262] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0263] 2-[[(phenylprop-2-enyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0264] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0265]
2-[[((hydroxy)phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedicic
acid;
[0266] 2-[[(3-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0267] 2-[[(4-fluorophenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0268] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0269] 2-(phosphono)oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0270]
2-[[(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0271] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0272] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0273] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0274] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0275] 2-[[cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0276]
2-[[(cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0277] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0278] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0279] 2-[[phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0280] 2-[[phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0281] 2-[[phenylbutylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0282]
2-[[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethan-
oic acid;
[0283] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0284] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0285]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0286]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0287] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0288] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0289]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0290]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0291] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0292] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0293] 2-[[phenylprop-2-enylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0294] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]hexanedioic acid;
[0295] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]hexanedioic acid;
[0296] 2-[(ethylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]heptanedioic acid;
[0297] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]heptanedioic acid;
[0298] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]octanedioic acid;
[0299] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]octanedioic acid;
[0300] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]nonanedioic acid;
[0301] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]nonanedioic acid;
[0302] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]decanedioic acid;
[0303] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)oxy]decanedioic acid;
[0304] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-methylethanoic acid;
[0305] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-ethylethanoic acid;
[0306] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-propylethanoic acid;
[0307] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-butylethanoic acid;
[0308] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-cyclohexylethanoic
acid;
[0309]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(cyclohexyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0310] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0311] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-benzylethanoic acid;
[0312] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethylethanoic
acid;
[0313] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylpropylethanoic
acid;
[0314] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylbutylethanoic
acid;
[0315]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2,3,4-trimethoxy-phenyl)ethanoi-
c acid;
[0316] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(1-naphthyl)ethanoic
acid;
[0317] 2-[[benzylhydroxypho3phinyl]oxy]-2-(2-naphthyl)ethanoic
acid;
[0318]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(1-naphthyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0319]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-naphthyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0320] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(1-naphthyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0321] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-naphthyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0322]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(1-naphthyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0323]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-naphthyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0324] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(1-naphthyl)butylethanoic
acid;
[0325] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-naphthyl)butylethanoic
acid;
[0326] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylprop-2-enylethanoic
acid;
[0327] 2-[[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0328] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0329] 2-[[(4-pyridylmethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0330] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0331] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0332]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0333]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0334]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0335] 2-[[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0336] 2-[[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0337] 2-[[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0338] 2-[[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0339] 2-[[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0340] 2-[[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0341] 2-[[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0342] 2-[[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0343] 2-[[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0344] 2-[[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0345] In another preferred embodiment, R.sub.2 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
benzyl and phenyl, wherein said R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy, phenyl or mixtures thereof.
[0346] Exemplary compounds of this embodiment include:
[0347] 2-[[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0348] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0349] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0350] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0351] 2-[[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0352]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoi-
c acid;
[0353]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0354]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoi-
c acid;
[0355] 2-[[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0356] 2-[[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0357] 2-[[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0358] 2-[[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0359] 2-[[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0360] 2-[[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0361] 2-[[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0362] 2-[[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0363] 2-[[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0364] 2-[[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0365] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0366] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0367] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(4-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0368] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0369] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-pyridyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0370]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylethanoi-
c acid;
[0371]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)-ethylethanoi-
c acid;
[0372]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)-propylethano-
ic acid;
[0373] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0374] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0375] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(4-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0376] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-indolyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0377] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-indolyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0378] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(2-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0379] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0380] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(4-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0381] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-thienyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0382] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-2-(3-thienyl)propylethanoic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0383] When Y is NR.sub.5, R.sub.2 is preferably substituted with
carboxy.
[0384] Exemplary compounds of this embodiment include:
[0385] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0386] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0387] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0388] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0389] 2-[[cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0390] 2-[[(cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0391] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0392] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0393] 2-[[phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0394] 2-[[phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0395] 2-[[phenylbutylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedicic
acid;
[0396] 2-[[(4-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0397] 2-[[(4-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0398] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0399] 2-[[(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0400] 2-[[(methoxybenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0401]
2-[[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0402] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0403] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0404] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0405] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pehtanedioic
acid;
[0406] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0407] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedloic
acid;
[0408] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0409] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0410] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0411] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0412] 2-[[(phenylprop-2-enyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0413] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinylamino]pentanedioic acid;
[0414] 2-[[(2-fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-pentanedioic
acid;
[0415]
2-[[((hydroxy)phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0416] 2-[[(3-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0417] 2-[[(4-fluorophenyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0418] 2-[(phosphono)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0419]
2-[[(3-trifluoromethylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0420] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]hexanedioic acid;
[0421] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]hexanedioic acid;
[0422] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]heptanedioic acid;
[0423] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]heptanedioic acid;
[0424] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]octanedioic acid;
[0425] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]octanedioic acid;
[0426] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]nonanedioic acid;.
[0427] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]nonanedioic acid;
[0428] 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]decanedioic acid;
[0429] 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)amino]decanedioic acid;
[0430] 3-[[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0431] 3-[[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0432] 3-[[(4-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0433] 3-[[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0434] 3-[[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0435]
3-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0436]
3-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0437]
3-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]pentanedioic
acid;
[0438] 3-[[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0439] 3-[[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0440] 3-[[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0441] 3-[[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0442] 3-[[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0443] 3-[[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0444] 3-[[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0445] 3-[[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0446] 3-[[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid; 3-[[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-pentanedioic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0447] In another preferred embodiment, R.sub.2 is selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
benzyl and phenyl, wherein said R.sub.2 is unsubstituted or
substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, c.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl , C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkoxy, phenyl or mixtures thereof.
[0448] Exemplary compounds of this embodiment include:
[0449] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0450] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0451] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0452] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic acid;
[0453] 2-[[cyclohexylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0454]
2-[[(cyclohexyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0455] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0456] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0457] 2-[[phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0458] 2-[[phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0459] 2-[[phenylbutylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0460]
2-[[(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenyleth-
anoic acid;
[0461] 2-[[(1-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0462] 2-[[(2-naphthyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0463]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0464]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0465]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0466]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0467]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0468]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0469]
2-[[(1-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0470]
2-[[(2-naphthyl)butylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0471]
2-[[phenylprop-2-enylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0472] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-methylethanoic
acid;
[0473] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-ethylethanoic acid;
[0474] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-propylethanoic
acid;
[0475] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-butylethanoic acid;
[0476] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-cyclohexylethanoic
acid;
[0477]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(cyclohexyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0478] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0479] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-benzylethanoic
acid;
[0480] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethylethanoic
acid;
[0481] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylpropylethanoic
acid;
[0482] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylbutylethanoic
acid;
[0483]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethano-
ic acid;
[0484] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(1-naphthyl)ethanoic
acid;
[0485] 2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-naphthyl)ethanoic
acid;
[0486]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(1-naphthyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0487]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-naphthyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0488]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(1-naphthyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0489]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-naphthyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0490]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(1-naphthyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0491]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-naphthyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0492]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(1-naphthyl)butylethanoic
acid;
[0493]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-naphthyl)butylethanoic
acid;
[0494]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenolprop-2-enylethanoic
acid;
[0495]
2-[[(2-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0496]
2-[[(3-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0497]
2-[[(4-pyridyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0498]
2-[[(3-pyridyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0499]
2-[[(3-pyridyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0500]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]-2-phenyletha-
noic acid;
[0501]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]-2-phenylethan-
oic acid;
[0502]
2-[[(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]-amino]-2-phenyletha-
noic acid;
[0503]
2-[[(2-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0504]
2-[[(3-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0505]
2-[[(4-indolyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0506]
2-[[(3-indolyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0507]
2-[[(3-indolyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0508]
2-[[(2-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0509]
2-[[(3-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0510]
2-[[(4-thienyl)methylhydroxyphosphinyl]aminol-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0511]
2-[[(3-thienyl)ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0512]
2-[[(3-thienyl)propylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-phenylethanoic
acid;
[0513]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0514]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0515]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(4-pyridyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0516]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-pyridyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0517]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-pyridyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0518]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)methylethan-
oic acid;
[0519]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)ethylethano-
ic acid;
[0520]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(tetrahydrofuranyl)propylethan-
oic acid;
[0521]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0522]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0523]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(4-indolyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0524]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-indolyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0525]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-indolyl)propylethanoic
acid;
[0526]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(2-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0527]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0528]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(4-thienyl)methylethanoic
acid;
[0529]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-thienyl)ethylethanoic
acid;
[0530]
2-[[benzylhydroxyphosphinyl]amino]-2-(3-thienyl)propylethanoic
acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates
thereof.
[0531] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula II: 3
[0532] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0533] X is 4
[0534] Y is CR.sub.1R.sub.2, NR.sub.3 or O;
[0535] R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
Ar and mixtures thereof, wherein said R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and
R.sub.3 are independently unsubstituted or substituted with
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo,
hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar or a mixture thereof; and
[0536] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl,
wherein said Ar is unsubstituted or substituted with halo, hydroxy,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy,
benzyloxy, amino or a mixture thereof.
[0537] In a preferred embodiment, Y is CH.sub.2.
[0538] In a more preferred embodiment, R is selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or branched chain
alkyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl, said R having one to three
substituent(s) independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar and mixtures thereof.
[0539] In the most preferred embodiment, the compound is selected
from the group consisting of:
[0540] 2-[[(N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0541] 2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-methyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0542] 2-[[(N-butyl-N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0543] 2-[[(N-benzyl-N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0544] 2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-phenyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0545] 2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-2-phenylethyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0546] 2-[[(N-ethyl-N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0547] 2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-propyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0548]
2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-3-phenylpropyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0549] 2-[[(N-hydroxy-N-4-pyridyl)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0550] 2-[[(N-hydroxy)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0551] 2-[[N-hydroxy(methyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0552] 2-[[N-hydroxy(benzyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0553] 2-[[N-hydroxy(phenyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0554] 2-[[N-hydroxy(2-phenylethyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0555] 2-[[N-hydroxy(ethyl) carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0556] 2-[[N-hydroxy(propyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0557] 2-[[N-hydroxy(3-phenylpropyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid; and
[0558] 2-[[N-hydroxy(4-pyridyl)carboxamido]methyl]pentanedioic
acid.
[0559] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula V: 5
[0560] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0561] X is selected from the group consisting of 6
[0562] Y is CR.sub.1R.sub.2, NR.sub.3 or O;
[0563] R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl
and Ar, wherein said R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are
independently unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar
or a mixture thereof; and
[0564] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl, said
Ar having one to three substituent(s) independently selected from
the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino and
mixtures thereof.
[0565] In a preferred embodiment, at least one of said R, R.sub.1,
R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 is/are independently substituted with
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, hydroxy,
halo, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, phenoxy,
benzyloxy, amino, Ar or a mixture thereof.
[0566] In a more preferred embodiment, Y is CH.sub.2.
[0567] In an even more preferred embodiment, R is selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 straight or branched
chain alkyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl, said R having one to
three substituent(s) independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkoxy,
C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar and
mixtures thereof.
[0568] In the most preferred embodiment, the compound is selected
from the group consisting of:
[0569] 2-[(sulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0570] 2-[(methylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0571] 2-[(ethylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0572] 2-[(propylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0573] 2-[(butylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0574] 2-[(phenylsulfinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0575] 2-[[(2-phenylethyl)sulfinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0576] 2-[[(3-phenylpropyl)sulfinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0577] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)sulfinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0578] 2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0579] 2-[(sulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0580] 2-[(methylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0581] 2-[(ethylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0582] 2-[(propylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0583] 2-[(butylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0584] 2-[(phenylsulfonyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0585] 2-[[(2-phenylethyl)sulfonyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0586] 2-[[(3-phenylpropyl)sulfonyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0587] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)sulfonyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid; and
[0588] 2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0589] 2-[(sulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0590] 2-[(methylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0591] 2-[(ethylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0592] 2-[(propylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0593] 2-[(butylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0594] 2-[(phenylsulfoximinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0595] 2-[[(2-phenylethyl)sulfoximinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0596] 2-[[(3-phenylpropyl)sulfoximinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0597] 2-[[(4-pyridyl)sulfoximinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid;
and
[0598] 2-[(benzylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid.
[0599] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula IX: 7
[0600] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0601] Y is CR.sub.3R.sub.4, NR.sub.5 or O;
[0602] R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said R.sub.2 is
unsubstituted or substituted with carboxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar
or a mixture thereof;
[0603] R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3
are independently unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar
or a mixture thereof; and
[0604] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl,
wherein said Ar has one to three substituent(s) independently
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy,
nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy,
benzyloxy, amino and mixtures thereof.
[0605] In a preferred embodiment, Y is CH.sub.2.
[0606] When R is hydrogen, the compound is preferably selected from
the group consisting of:
[0607] phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0608] 2-methyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0609] 2-ethyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0610] 2-propyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0611] 2-butyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0612] 2-phenyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0613] 2-(2-phenylethyl)-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0614] 2-(3-phenylpropyl)-3-phosphonopropanoic acid;
[0615] 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-phosphonopropanoic acid; and
[0616] 2-benzyl-3-phosphonopropanoic acid.
[0617] When R.sub.2 is substituted with carboxy, the compound is
selected from the group consisting of:
[0618] 2-(hydrohydroxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0619] 2-(hydromethoxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0620] 2-(hydroethoxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0621] 2-(hydropropoxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0622] 2-(hydrobutoxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0623] 2-(hydrophenoxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0624] 2-[hydro(2-phenylethoxy)phosphonomethyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0625] 2-[hydro(3-phenylpropoxy)phosphonomethyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0626] 2-[hydro(4-pyridyloxy)phosphonomethyl]pentanedioic acid;
and
[0627] 2-(hydrobenzyloxyphosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid.
[0628] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula X: 8
[0629] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0630] R and R.sub.1 are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkyl or alkenyl group, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 or
C.sub.5 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein
said R and R.sub.1 are independently unsubstituted or substituted
with C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar or a mixture thereof; and
[0631] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-napthyl,
2-napthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl, wherein said Ar
is unsubstituted or substituted with halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino or a
mixture thereof.
[0632] In a preferred embodiment, the compound is selected from the
group consisting of:
[0633] N-[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0634] N-[ethylhydrdoxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0635] N-[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0636] N-[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0637] N-[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0638] N-[(phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
[0639] N-[((2-phenylethyl)methyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid;
and
[0640] N-methyl-N-[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]glutamic acid.
[0641] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula XI: 9
[0642] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or prodrug
thereof, wherein:
[0643] X is CR.sub.6R.sub.7, O or NR.sub.8;
[0644] R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said R.sub.1 is
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s)
independently selected from the group consisting of carboxy,
carbonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, and Ar;
[0645] R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and
R.sub.8 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said
R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8
are independently unsubstituted or substituted with one or more
substituent(s) independently selected from the group consisting of
carboxy, carbonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, and Ar;
and
[0646] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl,
2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 4-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl,
tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl,
2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, benzyl and phenyl, wherein said Ar
is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s)
independently selected from the group consisting of carboxy,
carbonyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino.
[0647] In a preferred embodiment, X is CH.sub.2.
[0648] In a more preferred embodiment, R.sub.2 is --(CH.sub.2)
.sub.2COOR.sub.9; and R.sub.9 is selected from the group consisting
of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl and Ar, wherein said
R.sub.9 is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more
substituent(s) independently selected from the group consisting of
carboxy, carbonyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro, trifluoromethyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.6
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, and Ar.
[0649] In the most preferred embodiment, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5,
and R.sub.9 are hydrogen.
[0650] Preferred compounds of Formula XI are selected from the
group consisting of:
[0651] 2-[[(2-carboxypropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0652] 2-[[(2-carboxybutyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0653] 2-[[(2-carboxypentyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0654]
2-[[(2-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioi-
c acid;
[0655]
2-[[(2-carboxy-3-napthylpropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedio-
ic acid;
[0656]
2-[[(2-carboxy-3-pyridylpropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedio-
ic acid;
[0657]
2-[[(2-benzyloxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)hydroxy-phosphinyl]methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0658]
2-[[(2-methoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropyl)hydroxy-phosphinyl]methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0659]
2-[[(3-carboxy-2-methoxycarbonyl)propyl]hydroxy-phosphinyl]methyl]p-
entanedioic acid;
[0660]
2-[[(4-carboxy-2-methoxycarbonyl)butyl)hydroxy-phosphinyl]methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates
and prodrugs thereof.
[0661] The most preferred compound of Formula XI is
2-[[(2-carboxypropyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic acid,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or prodrug
thereof.
[0662] The compounds of Formula XI possess one or more asymmetric
center(s) and thus can be produced as mixtures (racemic and
non-racemic) of stereoisomers, or as individual R- and
S-stereoisomers. The individual stereoisomers may be obtained by
using an optically active starting material, by resolving a racemic
or non-racemic mixture of an intermediate at some appropriate stage
of synthesis, or by resolving a compound of Formula XI.
[0663] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula XIX: 10
[0664] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or prodrug
thereof, wherein:
[0665] X is CR.sub.6R.sub.7, O, or NR.sub.8;
[0666] Y is C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, or Ar.sub.1, wherein Y is
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s);
[0667] R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the
group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched
chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, Ar.sub.2,
carboxy, carbonyl, sulfonyl, formanilido, and thioformamido,
wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s); or
[0668] R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are taken together, with the nitrogen
atom to which they are attached, to form a 5-7 membered
azaheterocyclic ring, wherein said azaheterocyclic ring contains
one or more heteroatom(s) independently selected from the group
consisting of N, O, and S, and said azaheterocyclic ring is
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent (s);
[0669] R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are
independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, and Ar3, wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4,
R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, and R.sub.8 are independently
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s);
and
[0670] Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, and Ar.sub.3 are independently a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety, which is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s).
[0671] Possible substituents of Y, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3,
R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2,
and Ar.sub.3 include, without limitation, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight
or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy,
phenoxy, benzyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, carboxy, carbonyl, amino, amido, cyano,
isocyano, nitro, nitroso, nitrilo, isonitrilo, imino, azo, diazo,
sulfonyl, sulfoxy, thio, thiocarbonyl, thiocyano, formanilido,
thioformamido, sulfhydryl, halo, haloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, and
carbocyclic and heterocyclic moieties. Carbocyclic moieties include
alicyclic and aromatic structures.
[0672] Examples of carbocyclic and heterocyclic moieties include,
without limitation, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, indenyl, azulenyl,
fluorenyl, anthracenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzthiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyridyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinolizinyl,
furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
isoxazolyl, isotriazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, trithianyl,
indolizinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thienyl,
tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,
quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, and phenoxazinyl.
[0673] In a preferred embodiment of the compound of Formula XII, X
is CH.sub.2. When X is CH.sub.2 and Y is an unsubstituted or a
monosubstituted CH.sub.2, R.sub.1 is preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, or Ar.sub.2, wherein R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s).
[0674] In another preferred embodiment, R.sub.3 is --(CH.sub.2)
.sub.2COOR.sub.9; R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain
alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl,
or Ar.sub.4, wherein R.sub.9 is unsubstituted or substituted with
one or more substituent(s); and Ar.sub.4 is a carbocyclic or
heterocyclic moiety which is unsubstituted or substituted with one
or more substituent(s). More preferably, R.sub.3 is
(CH.sub.2).sub.2COOH.
[0675] In other preferred embodiments, R.sub.4 is hydrogen and
R.sub.5 is hydrogen.
[0676] More preferably, X is CH.sub.2, R.sub.3 is
(CH.sub.2).sub.2COOH, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, and R.sub.5 is
hydrogen.
[0677] In the most preferred embodiment, X is CH.sub.2, R.sub.3 is
(CH.sub.2).sub.2COOH, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, R.sub.5 is hydrogen, and
R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, Ar.sub.2, carboxy,
carbonyl, sulfonyl, formanilido, or thioformamido, wherein R.sub.1
is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more
substituent(s).
[0678] Exemplary compounds of Formula XII include without
limitation:
[0679]
2-[({[Benzylamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0680]
2-[({[Carboxyamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0681]
2-[({[Acetylamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0682]
2-[({[Dibenzylamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0683]
2-[({[Phenylamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0684]
2-({[(Phenylcarbonylamino)benzyl](hydroxy-phosphinyl)}methyl)pentan-
edioic acid;
[0685]
2-({[(Phenylsulfonylamino)benzyl](hydroxy-phosphinyl)}methyl)pentan-
edioic acid;
[0686]
2-[({[(Fluorophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pentan-
edioic acid;
[0687]
2-[({[(3-Flurophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0688]
2-[({[(4-Flurophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0689]
2-[({[(2-Chlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0690]
2-[({[(3-Chlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0691]
2-[({[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0692]
2-[({[(2-Methoxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0693]
2-[({[(3-Methoxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0694]
2-[({[(4-Methoxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0695]
2-[({[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0696]
2-[({[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0697]
2-[({[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0698]
2-[({[(2-Carboxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0699]
2-[({[(3-Carboxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0700]
2-[({[(4-Carboxyphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0701]
2-[({[(2-Nitrophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0702]
2-[({[(3-Nitrophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0703]
2-[({[(4-Nitrophenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0704]
2-[({[(2-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0705]
2-[({[(3-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0706]
2-[({[(4-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]benzyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0707]
2-[({[(2-Methylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0708]
2-[({[(3-Methylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0709]
2-[({[(4-Methylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0710]
2-[({[(2-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0711]
2-[({[(3-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0712]
2-[({[(4-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0713]
2-[({[(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0714]
2-[({[(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0715]
2-[({[(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0716]
2-[({[(Thioformanilido)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0717]
2-[({[1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-isoindolyl]benzyl}-hydroxyphosphin-
yl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0718]
2-[({[Benzylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0719]
2-[({[Carboxyamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0720]
2-[({[Acetylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0721]
2-[({[Diphenylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0722]
2-[({[Phenylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0723]
2-({[(Phenylcarbonylamino)methyl](hydroxy-phosphinyl)}methyl)pentan-
edioic acid;
[0724]
2-({[(Phenylsulfonylamino)methyl](hydroxy-phosphinyl)}methyl)pentan-
edioic acid;
[0725]
2-[({[(2-Fluorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0726]
2-[({[(3-Fluorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0727]
2-[({[(4-Fluorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0728]
2-[({[(2-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0729]
2-[({[(3-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0730]
2-[({[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0731]
2-[({[(2-Methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0732]
2-[({[(3-Methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0733]
2-[({[(4-Methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0734]
2-[({[(2-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0735]
2-[({[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0736]
2-[({[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0737]
2-[({[(2-Carboxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0738]
2-[({[(3-Carboxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0739]
2-[({[(4-Carboxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0740]
2-[({[(2-Nitrophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0741]
2-[({[(3-Nitrophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0742]
2-[({[(4-Nitrophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]penta-
nedioic acid;
[0743]
2-[({[(2-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0744]
2-[({[(3-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0745]
2-[({[(4-Sulfonylphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid;
[0746]
2-[({[(2-Methylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0747]
2-[({[(3-Methylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0748]
2-[({[(4-Methylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pent-
anedioic acid;
[0749]
2-[({[(2-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0750]
2-[({[(3-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0751]
2-[({[(4-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid;
[0752]
2-[({[(2-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0753]
2-[({[(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0754]
2-[({[(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))me-
thyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0755]
2-[({[(Thioformanilido)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid;
[0756]
2-[({[1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-isoindolyl]methyl}-hydroxyphosphin-
yl)methyl]pentanedioic acid; and
[0757] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates and prodrugs
thereof.
[0758] The most preferred compounds of Formula XII are selected
from the group consisting of: 11
[0759]
2-[({[Benzylamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (1); 12
[0760]
2-[({[Carboxyamino]benzyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (2); 13
[0761]
2-[({[Benzylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (15); 14
[0762]
2-[({[Acetylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (4); 15
[0763]
2-[({[Diphenylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (5); 16
[0764]
2-[({[1,3-Dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-isoindolyl]methyl}-hydroxyphosphin-
yl)methyl]pentanedioic acid (6); 17
[0765]
2-[({[Phenylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (7); 18
[0766] 2-[{[(Phenylcarbonylamino )methyl](hydroxyphosphinyl
)}-methyl)pentanedioic acid (8); 19
[0767]
2-[({[(Phenylsulfonylamino)methyl](hydroxyphosphinyl)}-methyl)penta-
nedioic acid (9); 20
[0768]
2-[({[(4-Fluorophenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pent-
anedioic acid (10); 21
[0769]
2-[({[(4-Methoxyphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid (11); 22
[0770]
2-[({[(4-Methylphenyl)amino]methyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pen-
tanedioic acid (12); 23
[0771]
2-[({[(4-Tert-butylphenyl)amino]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid (13); and 24
[0772]
2-[({[(Thioformanilido)amino]benzyl}-(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pe-
ntanedioic acid (14).
[0773] Another preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula XIII: 25
[0774] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, metabolite,
or prodrug thereof, wherein:
[0775] X is a moiety of formula II, III, IV, V or VI 26
[0776] n is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
[0777] Y is SR.sub.5, SO.sub.3R.sub.5, SO.sub.2R.sub.5, SOR.sub.5,
SO (NR.sub.5)R.sub.6 or S(N.sub.2R.sub.5R.sub.6) R.sub.7;
[0778] Z is N or CR.sub.8;
[0779] R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6,
R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl or Ar.sub.1, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl and Ar.sub.1 are independently unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s); and
[0780] Ar.sub.1 is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety, which is
unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituent(s);
[0781] provided that when X is a moiety of Formula XV, R.sub.1 is
(CH.sub.2) .sub.2COOR or (CH.sub.2) .sub.2CONHR, and R.sub.4 is
hydrogen, then R.sub.3 is not hydrogen or COR; and when X is a
moiety of Formula XVI, Z is N and R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2) .sub.2COOH,
then R.sub.4 is not hydrogen.
[0782] Examples of useful alkyl groups include, without limitation,
methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl,
2-methyl pentyl and the like.
[0783] Possible substituents of said alkenyl, cycloalkyl,
cycloalkenyl, and Ar.sub.1 include, without limitation,
C.sub.1-C.sub.9 straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9 alkoxy,
C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.8
cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, hydroxy, carboxy,
carbonyl, amino, amido, cyano, isocyano, nitro, nitroso, nitrilo,
isonitrilo, imino, azo, diazo, sulfonyl, sulfoxy, thio,
thiocarbonyl, thiocyano, formanilido, thioformamido, sulfhydryl,
halo, haloalkyl, trifluoromethyl, and carbocyclic and heterocyclic
moieties. Carbocyclic moieties include alicyclic and aromatic
structures.
[0784] Examples of useful carbocyclic and heterocyclic moieties
include, without limitation, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, indenyl,
azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl,
benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl,
benzthiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyridyl,
pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, purinyl,
quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, quinolizinyl,
furyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl,
isoxazolyl, isotriazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl,
pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, trithianyl,
indolizinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, thienyl,
tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl,
quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl,
phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, and phenoxazinyl.
[0785] In a preferred embodiment, R.sub.1 is
--(CH.sub.2).sub.2COOR.sub.9; R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl, or Ar.sub.2, wherein R.sub.9 is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s); and Ar.sub.2 is a
carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety which is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s).
[0786] In a more preferred embodiment, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2)
.sub.2COOH; and R.sub.2 is hydrogen.
[0787] Preferred compounds of Formula XIII wherein X is a moiety of
Formula XIV, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2) 2COOH, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen,
include:
[0788] 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0789] 2-(2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0790] 2-(2-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0791] 2-(2-phenyl-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0792] 2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0793] 2-(1-methyl-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0794] 2-(1-benzyl-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0795] 2-(1-methyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0796] 2-(1-ethyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0797] 2-(1-propyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0798] 2-(1-butyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0799] 2-(2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0800] 2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0801] 2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0802] 2-[2-(propylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0803] 2-[2-(butylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0804] 2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)-3-phenylpropyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0805] 2-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)-3-phenylpropyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0806] 2-[2-(propylsulfanyl)-3-phenylpropyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0807] 2-[2-(butylsulfanyl)-3-phenylpropyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0808] 2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0809] 2-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0810] 2-[2-(propylsulfanyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0811] 2-[2-(butylsulfanyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)propyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0812] 2-[1-benzyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0813] 2-[1-phenyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0814] 2-[1-(4-pyridyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0815] 2-[1-benzyl-2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0816] 2-[1-phenyl-2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0817] 2-[1-(4-pyridyl)-2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0818] 2-(1-benzyl-2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0819] 2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0820] 2-(1-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0821] 2-(1-methyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0822] 2-(1-ethyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0823] 2-(1-propyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0824] 2-(1-butyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0825] 2-(1-benzyl-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0826] 2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0827] 2-(1-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0828] 2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0829] 2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0830] 2-[2-(propylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0831] 2-[2-(butylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0832] 2-[2-(methylsulfonyl)-1-(4-pyridyl) ethyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0833] 2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0834] 2-[2-(propylsulfonyl)-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0835] 2-[2-(butylsulfonyl)-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl]pentanedioic
acid;
[0836] 2-[1-(sulfomethyl)propyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0837] 2-[1-(sulfomethyl)butyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0838] 2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0839] 2-(1-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0840] 2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0841] 2-(1-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid; and
[0842] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0843] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0844] 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0845] 2-(2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0846] 2-(2-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0847] 2-(2-phenyl-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0848] 2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0849] 2-(1-methyl-2-sulfanylpropyl) pentanedioic acid;
[0850] 2-(1-ethyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0851] 2-(1-propyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0852] 2-(1-butyl-2-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0853] 2-(2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0854] 2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]pentanedioic acid; and
[0855] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0856] Preferred compounds of Formula XIII, wherein X is a moiety
of Formula XV, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.2COOH, and R.sub.2 is
hydrogen, include:
[0857] 2-(1-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0858] 2-(2-phenyl-1-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0859] 2-(2-phenyl-1-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0860] 2-(2-phenyl-1-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0861] 2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-1-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0862] 2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-1-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0863] 2-[2-(4-pyridyl)-1-sulfanylbutyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0864] 2-(2-methyl-1-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0865] 2-(2-methyl-1-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid; and
[0866] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0867] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0868] 2-(1-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0869] 2- (2-phenyl-1-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0870] 2-(2-phenyl-1-sulfanylpropyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0871] 2-(2-phenyl-1-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0872] 2-[2-(4-pyridyl)-1-sulfanylbutyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0873] 2-(2-methyl-1-sulfanylbutyl)pentanedioic acid; and
[0874] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0875] Preferred compounds of Formula XIII, wherein X is a moiety
of Formula XVI, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2) .sub.2COOH, R.sub.2 is
hydrogen, and Z is CR.sub.8, include:
[0876] 2-(dithiocarboxymethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0877] 2-(1-dithiocarboxyethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0878] 2-{[methylthio(thiocarbonyl)]methyl}pentanedioic acid;
[0879] 2-{[ethylthio(thiocarbonyl)]methyl}pentanedioic acid;
[0880] 2-{[propylthio(thiocarbonyl)]methyl}pentanedioic acid;
[0881] 2-{[butylthio(thiocarbonyl)]methyl}pentanedioic acid;
[0882] 2-(2-dithiocarboxy-1-phenylethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0883] 2-(2-dithiocarboxy-1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0884] 2-[dithiocarboxy(phenyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
[0885] 2-[(dithiocarboxy(4-pyridyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid;
and
[0886] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0887] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0888] 2-(dithiocarboxymethyl)pentanedioic acid;
[0889] 2-(1-dithiocarboxyethyl)pentanedioic acid; and
[0890] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0891] Preferred compounds of Formula XIII, wherein X is a moiety
of Formula XVI, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2) .sub.2COOH, R.sub.2 is
hydrogen, and Z is N, include:
[0892] 2-[(methylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0893] 2-[(ethylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0894] 2-[(propylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0895] 2-[(butylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0896] 2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]pentanedioic acid;
[0897] 2-[(N-methyldithiocarboxy)amino]pentanedioic acid; and
[0898] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0899] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0900] 2-dithiocarboxyaminopentanedioic acid;
[0901] 2-[(N-methyldithiocarboxy)amino]pentanedioic acid; and
[0902] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0903] Preferred compounds of Formula XIII, wherein X is a moiety
of Formula XVII, R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.2) .sub.2COOH, and R.sub.2 is
hydrogen include:
[0904] 2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0905] 2-(2-sulfanylpropoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0906] 2-(2-sulfanylbutoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0907] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-ethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0908] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-propoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0909] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-butoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0910] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-ethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0911] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-propoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0912] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-butoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0913] 2-(1-sulfanylethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0914] 2-(1-sulfanylpropoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0915] 2-(1-sulfanylbutoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0916] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-ethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0917] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1propoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0918] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-butoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0919] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-ethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0920] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-propoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0921] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-1-butoxy)pentanedioic acid;
and
[0922] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0923] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0924] 2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0925] 2-(2-sulfanylpropoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0926] 2-(2-sulfanylbutoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0927] 2-(2-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-propoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0928] 2-(1-sulfanylethoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0929] 2-(1-sulfanylpropoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0930] 2-(1-sulfanylbutoxy)pentanedioic acid;
[0931] 2-(1-sulfanyl-2-phenyl-1-propoxy)pentanedioic acid; and
[0932] pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites,
and prodrugs thereof.
[0933] In another preferred embodiment, R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 straight or
branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.7
cycloalkenyl or Ar.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or
substituted with one or more substituent(s).
[0934] Preferred compounds of this embodiment include:
[0935] 2-benzyl-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0936] 2-benzyl-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0937] 2-phenyl-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0938] 2-phenyl-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0939] 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0940] 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0941] 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0942] 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylhexanoic acid;
[0943] 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;
[0944] 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0945] 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0946] 2-phenyl-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;
[0947] 2-phenyl-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0948] 2-phenyl-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0949] 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;
[0950] 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0951] 2-(4-pyridyl)-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0952] 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;
[0953] 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-3-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0954] 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites, and
prodrugs thereof.
[0955] The most preferred compounds of this embodiment are:
[0956] 2-benzyl-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid;
[0957] 2-benzyl-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0958] 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0959] 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylhexanoic acid;
[0960] 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid;
[0961] 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid;
[0962] 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid; and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, metabolites, and
prodrugs thereof.
[0963] The structures and names of representative compounds of
Formula XIII are set forth below.
1 Structure Name 27 2-(2-sulfanylpropyl)-pentanedioic acid 28
2-[2-(methylsulfanyl)-3-phenylpropyl]pentanedioic acid 29
2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)-ethyl]pentanedioic acid 30
2-[1-benzyl-2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]-pentanedioic acid 31
2-(2-sulfoethyl)-pentanedioic acid 32
2-(1-benzyl-2-sulfoethyl)pentanedioic acid 33
2-(1-ethyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid 34
2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfobutyl)pentanedioic acid 35
2-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)-1-phenylethyl]pentanedioic acid 36
2-[1-(sulfomethyl)-propyl]pentanedioic acid 37
2-(1-phenyl-2-sulfopropyl)pentanedioic acid 38
2-(dithiocarboxymethyl)-pentanedioic acid 39
2-(2-dithiocarboxy-1-phenylethyl)pentanedioic acid 40
2-[dithiocarboxy(phenyl)-methyl]pentanedioic acid 41
2-(1-dithiocarboxyethyl)-pentanedioic acid 42
2-{[ethylthio-(thiocarbonyl)]methyl}-pentanedioic acid 43
2-[(ethylsulfanylthio-carbonyl)amino]-pentanedioic acid 44
2-[(dithiocarboxy)amino]-pentanedioic acid 45
2-benzyl-4-sulfanyl-butanoic acid 46 2-benzyl-4-sulfanylpentanoic
acid 47 2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylpentanoic acid 48
2-(3-pyridylmethyl)-4-sulfanylhexanoic acid 49
2-benzyl-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid 50 2-benzyl-3-sulfanylpentanoic
acid 51 2-(4-pyridylmethyl)-3-sulfanylpentanoic acid 52
2-(1-benzyl-2-sulfanylethyl)-pentanedioic acid 53
2-(1-methyl-2-sulfanylethyl)-pentanedioic acid
[0964] A final preferred NAALADase inhibitor is a compound of
Formula XIX: 54
[0965] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof,
wherein:
[0966] R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
C.sub.1-C.sub.9straight or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.9
straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, Ar and mixtures thereof, wherein said
R is unsubstituted or substituted with C.sub.3-C.sub.8 cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.7 cycloalkenyl, halo, hydroxy, nitro,
trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.6 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.9
alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.9 alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, Ar
or a mixture thereof;
[0967] Ar is selected from the group consisting of 1-napthyl,
2-napthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl,
3-thienyl, 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three
substituents which are independently selected from the group
consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkoxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkenyloxy, phenoxy,
benzyloxy, and amino.
[0968] In a preferred embodiment, the compound is selected from the
group consisting of:
[0969] 2-[[methylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0970] 2-[[ethylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0971] 2-[[propylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0972] 2-[[butylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0973] 2-[[phenylhydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
[0974] 2-[[((4-pyridyl)methyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic
acid;
[0975] 2-[[((2-pyridyl)methyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid;
[0976] 2-[[(phenylmethyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]pentanedioic acid;
and
[0977]
2-[[((2-phenylethyl)methyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]oxy]-pentanedioic
acid.
[0978] The compounds of the present invention possess one or more
asymmetric center(s) and thus can be produced as mixtures (racemic
and non-racemic) of stereoisomers, or as individual R- and
S-stereoisomers. The individual stereoisomers may be obtained by
using an optically active starting material, by resolving a racemic
or non-racemic mixture of an intermediate at some appropriate stage
of synthesis, or by resolving a compound of formula I. It is
understood that the compounds of the present invention encompass
optical isomers, individual stereoisomers as well as mixtures
(racemic and non-racemic) of stereoisomers.
Synthesis of NAALADase Inhibitors
[0979] The NAALADase inhibitors of the present invention can be
readily prepared by standard techniques of organic chemistry,
utilizing the general synthetic pathways depicted below in Schemes
I-XII. Precursor compounds can be prepared by methods known in the
art, such as those described by Jackson et al., J. Med. Chem., Vol.
39, No. 2, pp. 619-622 (1996) and Froestl et al., J. Med. Chem.,
Vol. 38, pp. 3313-3331 (1995). 55 56 57 58
[0980] Methods of substituting the R group are known in the art.
Additional methods of synthesizing phosphinic acid esters are
described in J. Med. Chem., Vol. 31, pp. 204-212 (1988), and set
forth below in Scheme V. 59
[0981] Starting with the aforementioned phosphinic acid esters,
there are a variety of routes for preparing the compounds of
Formula I. For example, a general route has been described in J.
Med. Chem., Vol. 39, pp. 619-622 (1996), and is set forth below in
Scheme VI. 60
[0982] Other routes for preparing the compounds of Formula I are
set forth below in Scheme VII and Scheme VIII. Scheme VII and
Scheme VIII show the starting material as a phosphinic acid
derivative and the R group as any reasonable chemical substituent
including without limitation the substituents listed in Scheme V
and throughout the specification. 61 62
[0983] Another route for preparing the compounds of Formula I
allows for aromatic substitution at R.sub.1, and is set forth below
in Scheme IX. 63
[0984] Another route for preparing the compounds of Formula I
allows for aromatic substitution at the R.sub.2 position, and is
set forth below in Scheme X. 64
[0985] Another route for preparing the compounds of Formula I
wherein Y is NR.sub.5 is set forth below in Scheme XI. 65
[0986] Another route for preparing the compounds of Formula I
wherein Y is oxygen is set forth below in Scheme XII. 66 67 68
69
[0987] The compounds of the present invention where X is a moiety
of Formula XIII can be readily prepared by standard techniques of
organic chemistry, utilizing the general synthetic pathways
depicted below in Schemes XVI-XX. Precursor compounds can be
prepared by methods known in the art. 70 71 72 73 74
[0988] Inventive compounds where X is a moiety of Formula XIII can
be readily prepared using the general synthetic pathway depicted
below in Scheme XXI. Precursor compounds can be prepared by methods
known in the art. 75
[0989] Inventive compounds where X is a moiety of Formula XVI can
be readily prepared using several synthetic pathways, such as
reacting a glutamate derivative with carbon disulfide.
[0990] Inventive compounds where X is a moiety of Formula XVII can
be readily prepared using the general synthetic pathway depicted
below in Schemes XXII-XXIV. Precursor compounds can be prepared by
methods known in the art. 76 77 78
[0991] The compounds of Formula XI can be readily prepared by
standard techniques of organic chemistry, utilizing the general
synthetic pathways depicted below in Scheme XXV. Precursor
compounds can be prepared by methods known in the art. 79
[0992] The compounds of Formula XII can be readily prepared by
standard techniques of organic chemistry, utilizing the general
synthetic pathways depicted below in Scheme XXVI and Scheme XXVII.
Precursor compounds can be prepared by methods known in the art. 80
81
METHODS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0993] The inventors have unexpectedly found that NAALADase
inhibitors are effective in inhibiting angiogenesis.
[0994] Accordingly, the present invention further relates to a
method of inhibiting angiogenesis, comprising administering an
effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor to a patient in need
thereof.
[0995] The angiogenesis to be inhibited may be involved in any
angiogenic-dependent disease. Methods of angiogenic-dependent
diseases treatable by the methods of the present invention include,
but are not limited to, cancerous tumor growth, invasion, and
metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease,
neovascular diseases of the eye, and peripheral vascular
disorders.
[0996] Examples of NAALADase inhibitors useful for the methods of
the present invention are identified above in relation to
pharmaceutical compositions.
METHOD OF TREATING CANCER
[0997] By inhibiting angiogenesis, several forms of cancer may be
treated with the compounds of the present invention including
without limitation: ACTH-producing tumors, acute lymphocytic
leukemia, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, cancer of the adrenal
cortex, bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervix cancer,
chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia,
colorectal cancer, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, endometrial cancer,
esophageal cancer, Ewing's sarcoma, gallbladder cancer, hairy cell
leukemia, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's
sarcoma, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer (small and/or
non-small cell), malignant peritoneal effusion, malignant pleural
effusion, melanoma, mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma,
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, osteosarcoma, ovary cancer, ovary (germ
cell) cancer, pancreatic cancer, penis cancer, retinoblastoma, skin
cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinomas, stomach
cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, trophoblastic neoplasms,
cancer of the uterus, vaginal cancer, cancer of the vulva and
Wilm's tumor.
[0998] The compounds of the present invention are particularly
useful in inhibiting angiogenesis in cancerous tumors in tissues
where NAALADase enzymes reside. Such tissues include, but are not
limited to, the brain, kidney, prostate, testis, and blood
vessels.
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
[0999] In the methods of the present invention, the compounds may
be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray,
topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an
implanted reservoir in dosage formulations containing conventional
non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants and
vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous,
intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrathecal,
intraventricular, intrasternal or intracranial injection and
infusion techniques. Invasive techniques are preferred,
particularly direct administration to damaged neuronal tissue.
[1000] To be effective therapeutically as central nervous system
targets, the NAALADase inhibitors used in the methods of the
present invention should readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier
when peripherally administered. Compounds which cannot penetrate
the blood-brain barrier can be effectively administered by an
intraventricular route.
[1001] Compositions and methods of the invention also may utilize
controlled release technology. Thus, for example, NAALADase
inhibitors may be incorporated into a hydrophobic polymer matrix
for controlled release over a period of days. Such controlled
release films are well known to the art. Examples of polymers
commonly employed for this purpose that may be used in the present
invention include nondegradable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
and degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers. Certain
hydrogels such as poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) or
poly(vinylalcohol) also may be useful, but for shorter release
cycles then the other polymer releases systems, such as those
mentioned above.
[1002] The NAALADase inhibitor preparation of the invention may be
coupled to a bridging compound coupled to a solid support. The
bridging compound, which is designed to link the solid support and
the NAALADase inhibitor, may be hydrazide, Protein A,
glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, or lysine.
[1003] The solid support employed is, e.g., a polymer or it may be
a matrix coated with a polymer. The matrix may be of any suitable
solid material, e.g., glass, paper, or plastic. The polymer may be
a plastic, cellulose such as specially treated paper,
nitrocellulose paper, or cyanogenbromide-activated paper. Examples
of suitable plastics are latex, a polystyrene, polyvinylchloride,
polyurethane, polyacrylamide, polyvinylacetate, and any suitable
copolymer thereof. Examples of silicone polymers include
siloxane.
[1004] The solid support may be in the form of a tray, a plate such
as a microtiter plate, e.g., a thin layer or, preferably, strip,
film, threads, solid particles such as beads, including Protein
A-coated bacteria, or paper.
[1005] The compounds may also be administered in the form of
sterile injectable preparations, for example, as sterile injectable
aqueous or oleaginous suspensions. These suspensions can be
formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable
dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile
injectable preparations may also be sterile injectable solutions or
suspensions in non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluents or
solvents, for example, as solutions in 1,3-butanediol. Among the
acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,
Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In
addition, sterile fixed oils are conventionally employed as
solvents or suspending mediums. For this purpose, any bland fixed
oil such as a synthetic mono- or di-glyceride may be employed.
Fatty acids such as oleic acid and its glyceride derivatives,
including olive oil and castor oil, especially in their
polyoxyethylated forms, are useful in the preparation of
injectables. These oil solutions or suspensions may also contain
long-chain alcohol diluents or dispersants.
[1006] Additionally, the compounds may be administered orally in
the form of capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
Tablets may contain carriers such as lactose and corn starch,
and/or lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. Capsules may
contain diluents including lactose and dried corn starch. Aqueous
suspensions may contain emulsifying and suspending agents combined
with the active ingredient. The oral dosage forms may further
contain sweetening and/or flavoring and/or coloring agents.
[1007] The compounds may further be administered rectally in the
form of suppositories. These compositions can be prepared by mixing
the drug with suitable non-irritating excipients which are solid at
room temperature, but liquid at rectal temperature such that they
will melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such excipients
include cocoa butter, beeswax and polyethylene glycols.
[1008] Moreover, the compounds may be administered topically,
especially when the conditions addressed for treatment involve
areas or organs readily accessible by topical application,
including neurological disorders of the eye, the skin or the lower
intestinal tract.
[1009] For topical application to the eye, or ophthalmic use, the
compounds can be formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic,
pH adjusted sterile saline or, preferably, as a solution in
isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a
preservative such as benzylalkonium chloride. Alternatively, the
compounds may be formulated into ointments, such as petrolatum.
[1010] For topical application to the skin, the compounds can be
formulated into suitable ointments containing the compounds
suspended or dissolved in, for example, mixtures with one or more
of the following: mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum,
propylene glycol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene compound,
emulsifying wax and water. Alternatively, the compounds can be
formulated into suitable lotions or creams containing the active
compound suspended or dissolved in, for example, a mixture of one
or more of the following: mineral oil, sorbitan monostearate,
polysorbate 60, cetyl ester wax, cetearyl alcohol,
2-octyldodecanol, benzyl alcohol and water.
[1011] Topical application to the lower intestinal tract can be
effected in rectal suppository formulations (see above) or in
suitable enema formulations.
[1012] The NAALADase inhibitors may be administered vaginally using
gels, foams, creams, suppositories, or carbopol polymers.
Particularly preferred vehicles include acrylic acid polymers
including polymers modified by long chaing (C.sub.10-C.sub.30)
alkyl acrylates. A representative vehicle is manufactured by B. F.
Goodrich and is identified as a carbopol polymer having viscosities
of around 20,400-39,400. Useful vehicles should also possess a pH
around 3 to 6 to be compatible with the normal vaginal pH of 4.0 to
5.5 and furthermore be stable when pH buffers in the range of
vaginal pH are used.
[1013] The NAALADase inhibitors used in the methods of the present
invention may be administered by a single dose, multiple discrete
doses or continuous infusion. Since the compounds are small, easily
diffusible and relatively stable, they are well suited to
continuous infusion. Pump means, particularly subcutaneous pump
means, are preferred for continuous infusion.
DOSAGE
[1014] Dose levels on the order of about 0.1 mg to about 10,000 mg
of the active ingredient compound are useful in the treatment of
the above conditions, with preferred levels being about 0.1 mg to
about 1,000 mg. The specific dose level for any particular patient
will vary depending upon a variety of factors, including the
activity of the specific compound employed; the age, body weight,
general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of
administration; the rate of excretion; drug combination; the
severity of the particular disease being treated; and the form of
administration. Typically, in vitro dosage-effect results provide
useful guidance on the proper doses for patient administration.
Studies in animal models are also helpful. The considerations for
determining the proper dose levels are well known in the art.
[1015] In a preferred embodiment, the NAALADase inhibitors are
administered in lyophilized form. In this case, 1 to 100 mg of a
NAALADase inhibitor may be lyophilized in individual vials,
together with a carrier and a buffer, such as mannitol and sodium
phosphate. The compound may be reconstituted in the vials with
bacteriostatic water before administration.
[1016] The NAALADase inhibitors used in the methods of the present
invention may be administered in combination with one or more
therapeutic agents, including chemo-therapeutic agents. TABLE I
provides known median dosages for selected chemotherapeutic agents.
Specific dose levels for these agents will depend upon
considerations such as those identified above for the NAALADase
inhibitors.
2 TABLE I CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT MEDIAN DOSAGE Aldesleukin 22
million units Asparaginase 10,000 units Bleomycin Sulfate 15 units
Carboplatin 50-450 mg Carmustine 100 mg Cisplatin 10-50 mg
Cladribine 10 mg Cyclophosphamide 100 mg-2 gm (lyophilized)
Cyclophosphamide 100 mg-2 gm (non-lyophilized) Dacarbazine 100
mg-200 mg Dactinomycin 0.5 mg Daunorubicin 20 mg Diethylstilbestrol
250 mg Doxorubicin 10-150 mg Epoetin Alfa 2,000-10,000 units
Etidronate 300 mg Etoposide 100 mg Filgrastim 300-480 mcgm
Floxuridine 500 mg Fludarabine Phosphate 50 mg Fluorouracil 500
mg-5 gm Goserelin 3.6 mg Granisetron Hydrochloride 1 mg Idarubicin
5-10 mg Ifosfamide 1-3 gm Immune Globulin 500 mg-10 gm Interferon
Alpha-2a 3-36 million units Interferon Alpha-2b 3-50 million units
Leucovorin Calcium 50-350 mg Leuprolide 3.75-7.5 mg Levamisole 50
mg Mechlorethamine 10 mg Medroxyprogesterone 1 gm Melphalan 50 gm
Methotrexate 20 mg-1 gm Mitomycin 5-40 mg Mitoxantrone 20-30 mg
Octreotide 1,000-5,000 mcgm Ondansetron Hydrochloride 40 mg
Paclitaxel 30 mg Pamidronate Disodium 30-90 mg Pegaspargase 750
units Plicamycin 2,500 mcgm Sargramostim 250-500 mcgm Streptozocin
1 gm Teniposide 50 mg Thiotepa 15 mg Vinblastine 10 mg Vincristine
1-5 mg
ADMINISTRATION REGIMEN
[1017] For the methods of the present invention, any administration
regimen regulating the timing and sequence of drug delivery can be
used and repeated as necessary to effect treatment. Such regimen
may include pretreatment and/or co-administration with additional
therapeutic agents.
[1018] For patients with prostate cancer that is neither advanced
nor metastatic, the compounds of the present invention may be
administered (i) prior to surgery or radiation treatment to reduce
the risk of metastasis; (ii) during surgery or in conjunction with
radiation treatment; and/or (iii) after surgery or radiation
therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence and to inhibit the growth
of any residual tumorous cells.
[1019] For patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, the
compounds of the present invention may be administered as a
continuous supplement to, or as a replacement for, hormonal
ablation in order to slow tumor cell growth in both the untreated
primary tumor and the existing metastatic lesions.
[1020] The methods of the present invention are particularly useful
where shed cells could not be removed by surgical intervention.
After post-surgical recovery, the methods of the present invention
would be effective in reducing the chances of recurrence of a tumor
engendered by such shed cells.
COMBINATION WITH OTHER TREATMENTS
[1021] a. Angiogenesis-Dependent Disease
[1022] The NAALADase inhibitors can be co-administered with one or
more therapeutic agents either (i) together in a single
formulation, or (ii) separately in individual formulations designed
for optimal release rates of their respective active agent. Each
formulation may contain from about 0.01% to about 99.99% by weight,
preferably from about 3.5% to about 60% by weight, of a NAALADase
inhibitor, as well as one or more pharmaceutical excipients, such
as wetting, emulsifying and pH buffering agents.
[1023] b. Cancer
(i) Surgery and Radiation Treatment
[1024] In general, surgery and radiation treatment are employed as
potentially curative therapies for patients with localized cancer
who are under 70 years of age and are expected to live at least 10
more years.
[1025] If treated with surgery alone, however, many patients will
experience recurrence of the cancer. Radiation treatment can also
be problematic as the radiotherapeutic agents are toxic to normal
tissues, and often create life-threatening side effects.
[1026] Use of the present invention in conjunction with surgery and
radiation treatment could prevent remission and allow lower dosage
levels of toxic radiotherapeutic agents. Based on the above
statistics, there is considerable opportunity to use the present
invention in conjunction with, or as an alternative to, surgery
and/or radiation treatment.
(ii) Radiosensitizers
[1027] Radiosensitizers are known to increase the sensitivity of
cancerous cells to the toxic effects of electromagnetic radiation.
Several mechanisms for the mode of action of radiosensitizers have
been suggested in the literature, among them are: hypoxic cell
radiosensitizers ( e.g. 2-nitroimidazole compounds, and
benzotriazine dioxide compounds) promote the reoxygenation of
hypoxic tissue, and/or catalyze the generation of damaging oxygen
radicals; non-hypoxic cell radiosensitizers (e.g. halogenated
pyrimidines) can be analogs of DNA bases and preferentially
incorporate into the DNA of cancer cells and thereby promote the
radiation-induced breaking of DNA molecules and/or prevent the
normal DNA repair mechanisms; and various other potential
mechanisms of action have been hypothesized for radiosensitizers in
the treatment of disease.
[1028] Many cancer treatment protocols currently employ
radiosensitizers activated by the electromagnetic radiation of
x-rays. Examples of x-ray activated radiosensitizers include the
following, but are not limited to: metronidazole, misonidazole,
desmethylmisonidazole, pimonidazole, etanidazole, nimorazole,
mitomycin C, RSU 1069, SR 4233, E09, RB 6145, nicotinamide,
5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR),
bromodeoxycytidine, fluorodeoxyuridine (FudR), hydroxyurea,
cisplatin, and therapeutically effective analogs and derivatives of
the same.
[1029] Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers employs visible light
as the electromagnetic radiation activator of the sensitizing
agent. Examples of photodynamic electromagnetic radiosensitizers
include the following, but are not limited to: hematoporphyrin
derivatives, Photofrin, benzoporphyrin derivatives, NPe6, tin
etioporphyrin SnET2, pheoborbide-a, bacteriochlorophyll-a,
naphthalocyanines, phthalocyanines, zinc phthalocyanine, and
therapeutically effective analogs and derivatives of the same.
[1030] The compounds of the present invention may be administered
in combination with electromagnetic radiosensitizers to increase
the sensitivity of cancerous cells to the toxic effects of
electromagnetic radiation. Use of the present invention in
conjunction with electromagnetic radiosensitizers could prevent
remission and allow lower dosage levels of electromagnetic
radiation. Combining electromagnetic radiation with the methods and
compounds of the present invention should be more effective than
electromagnetic radiation alone in treating cancer.
[1031] A combination consisting of electromagnetic radiosensitizers
and the compounds of the present invention may also be administered
in conjunction with a therapeutically effective amount of one or
more other compounds, including but not limited to: compounds which
promote the incorporation of radiosensitizers to the target cells;
compounds which control the flow of therapeutics, nutrients and/or
oxygen to the target cells; chemotherapeutic agents which act on
the tumor with or without additional electromagnetic radiation; or
other therapeutically effective compounds for treating cancer or
other diseases. Examples of additional therapeutic agents that may
be used in conjunction with the combination consisting of
electromagnetic radiosensitizers and the compounds of the present
invention include, but are not limited to: 5- fluorouracil,
leucovorin, 5'-amino-5'deoxythymidine, oxygen, carbogen, red cell
transfusions, perfluorocarbons (e.g. Fluosol-DA), 2,3-DPG, BW12C,
calcium channel blockers, pentoxyfylline, hydralazine, and L-BSO.
Examples of chemotherapeutic agents that may be used in conjunction
with the combination consisting of electromagnetic radiosensitizers
and the compounds of the present invention include, but are not
limited to, the chemotherapeutic agents listed in TABLE I.
(iii) Hormonal Therapy
[1032] Hormonal ablation by medication and/or orchiectomy is used
to block hormones that promote further growth and metastasis of
cancer. With time, both the primary and metastatic tumors of
virtually all of these patients become hormone-independent and
resistant to therapy. Continuous supplementation with the compounds
of the present invention may be used to prevent or reverse this
potentially metastasis-permissive state.
(iv) Chemotherapy
[1033] Chemotherapy has been successful in treating some forms of
cancer. However, in treating other forms of cancer, chemotherapy
has been reserved only as a last resort. In any case, chemotherapy
can be problematic as chemotherapeutic agents are toxic to normal
tissues and often create life threatening side effects.
Additionally, chemotherapy often has high failure and/or remission
rates.
[1034] Use of the present invention in conjunction with
chemotherapy could prevent remission and allow lower dosage levels
of toxic chemotherapeutic agents. Combining chemotherapy with the
methods of the present invention should be more effective than
chemotherapy alone in treating cancer.
(v) Immunotherapy
[1035] The compounds of the present invention may also be used in
combination with monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer. The present
invention may also be used with immunotherapies based on polyclonal
or monoclonal antibody-derived reagents. These reagents are well
known in the art, and include radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies
such as monoclonal antibodies conjugated with strontium-89.
Zn Vivo Toxicity of NAALADase Inhibitors
[1036] To examine the toxicological effect of NAALADase inhibition
in vivo, a group of mice were injected with
2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid, a NAALADase inhibitor of high
activity, in doses of 1, 5, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg body
weight. The mice were subsequently observed two times per day for 5
consecutive days. The survival rate at each dose level is provided
below in TABLE II. The results show that the NAALADase inhibitor is
non-toxic to mice, suggesting that it would be similarly non-toxic
to humans when administered at therapeutically effective
amounts.
3TABLE II TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NAALADASE INHIBITORS Dose
(mg/kg) 1 5 10 30 100 300 500 Survival 100 100 100 100 100 100 66.7
Rate After 5 days (%)
In Vitro Inhibition of NAALADase Activity
[1037] Various compounds of the present invention were tested for
in vitro inhibition of NAALADase activity. The results are provided
below in TABLE III.
4TABLE III IN VITRO INHIBITION OF NAALADASE ACTIVITY Compound
K.sub.i (nM) 82 0.293 .+-.0.08 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid
83 700.00 .+-.67.3 2-(phosphonomethyl)succinic acid 84 1.89
.+-.0.19 2-[[(2-carboxyethyl)hydrox-
yphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic acid 85 34.15 86 35.85 87 54.50 88
113.50 89 180.00 90 148.50 91 231.67 92 532.00 93 1100.00 94 68.00
95 70.00 96 89.50 97 145.00 98 22.67 99 204.00 100 199.00 101
185.00 102 177.00 103 22.50 104 92.00 105 117.00 106 740.0000 107
198.5000 108 4250.0000 109 12.6667 110 0.5700 111 95.0000 112
1.5000 113 313.3 114 2000.0 115 51.8 116 117.5 117 175.0 118 34.5
119 6.3 120 142.0 121 90.0 122 9.0 123 2.5 124 5.2 125 2.0 126 75.0
127 510.0 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid
[1038] The results show that 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentane-dioic acid
exhibits high NAALADase inhibiting activity, with a K.sub.i of
0.293 nM. The activity of this compound is over 1000 times greater
than that of previously described NAALADase inhibitors.
[1039] By comparison, 2-(phos.phonomethyl)succinic acid exhibits
much lower NAALADase inhibiting activity, suggesting that a
glutamate analog attached to the phosphonic acid contributes to its
NAALADase inhibiting activity.
[1040] The results also show that
2-[[(2-carboxyethyl)-hydroxyphosphinyl]m- ethyl]pentanedioic acid,
which has an additional carboxylic acid side chain similar to the
aspartate residue found in NAAG, exhibits a lower NAALADase
inhibiting activity than 2-(phosphonomethyl)-pentanedioic acid.
In Vivo Assay of Daily Dosages of NAALADase Inhibitors on
Angiogenesis
[1041] C57B1 female mice age 8 to 10 weeks (5/group) were injected
subcutaneously with 0.5 mL of Matrigel.TM., 150 ng/mL of the
angiogenic factor basic FGF (bFGF) and with 0, 0.47 .mu.M or 4.7
.mu.M 2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid (PMPA). The injected
Matrigel.TM. rapidly formed a gel. On the same a day as the
Matrigel.TM. injection, daily subcutaneous injections of
2-(phosphono)pentanedioic acid around the Matrigel.TM. plug were
initiated. Seven days post Matrigel.TM. injection, Matrigel.TM.
plugs were excised and histology was performed.
[1042] The concentrations of the daily dosages as well as the
coinciding initial Matrigel.TM. plug compositions are provided
below in TABLE IV.
5TABLE IV CONCENTRATIONS OF DAILY DOSAGES OF NAALADASE INHIBITORS
Daily Subcutaneous Injection Initial Concentrations in
Concentration Matrigel .TM. Vehicle 50 mM Hepes 3 mg/kg 0.47 .mu.M
PMPA in 50 mM Hepes 30 mg/kg 4.7 .mu.M PMPA in 50 mM Hepes
[1043] As detailed in FIG. 1/Row 1, a good angiogenic response was
observed in the vehicle dose group. The resultant decrease in blood
vessels or angiogenesis in the Matrigel.TM. plugs from the 3 mg/kg
and 30 mg/kg daily dose groups is shown in FIG. 1/Row 2 and FIG.
1/Row 3, respectively.
In Vivo Assay of a Continuous Dosage of NAALADase Inhibitors on
Angiogenesis
[1044] Miniosmotic pumps were implanted into C57B1 female mice
(5/group) at the PMPA concentrations shown in TABLE V below.
Minipumps filled with vehicle (50 mM Hepes) were also implanted at
this time. Twenty-four hours later, mice were each injected
subcutaneously with 0.5 mL Matrigel.TM. and the 150 ng/mL of the
angiogenic factor, basic FGF (bFGF). Thirteen days post
Matrigel.TM./bFGF injection, the gels were recovered, fixed in
formalin and sections were stained with Trichrome-Masson stain.
6TABLE V CONCENTRATIONS OF CONTINUOUSLY ADMINISTERED DOSAGES OF
NAALADASE INHIBITORS PMPA Released by Minipump 50 mM Hepes 1
.mu.g/day 10 .mu.g/day 100 .mu.g/day
[1045] A strong angiogenic response was observed in the vehicle and
1 .mu.g/day dose group, as shown in FIG. 2 and 3, respectively. As
detailed in FIG. 4 and 5, respectively, delivery of 10 .mu.g/day
and 100 .mu.g/day of PMPA significantly decreased angiogenesis in
the Matrigel.TM./bFGF gels.
EXAMPLES
[1046] The following examples are illustrative of the present
invention and are not intended to be limitations thereon. Unless
otherwise indicated, all percentages are based upon 100% by weight
of the final composition.
Example 1
Preparation of 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
Scheme VII
R=CH.sub.3,
R.sub.1=CH.sub.2Ph
[1047] Methyl-O-benzylphosphinic acid
[1048] Dichloromethylphosphite (10.0 g, 77 mmol) in 80 mL of dry
diethyl ether was cooled to -20.degree. C. under an atmosphere of
nitrogen. A solution of benzyl alcohol (23 g, 213 mmol) and
triethylamine (10.2 g, 100 mmol) in 40 mL of diethyl ether was
added dropwise over 1 hour while maintaining an internal
temperature range of 0.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. Once addition
was complete the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred
overnight. The mixture was filtered and the solid cake washed with
200 mL of diethyl ether. The organics were combined and evaporated
under reduced pressure to give 25 g of a clear and colorless
liquid. The liquid was purified by flash chromatography and eluted
with a 1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate to ethyl acetate gradient. The
desired fractions were collected and evaporated to give
methyl-O-benzylphosphinic acid (1, R=CH.sub.3, R.sub.1=CH.sub.2Ph,
6.5 g, 50%) as a clear and colorless oil. Rf 0.1 (1:1,
Hexane/EtOAc).
[1049] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.4 ppm (m, 5H), 7.1 ppm (d, 1H), 5.0
ppm (dd, 2H), 1.5 ppm (d, 3H)
[1050] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(methyl)-O-benzylphosphinic
acid
[1051] Methyl-O-benzylphosphinic acid (3.53 g, 20.7 mmol) in 200 mL
of dichloromethane was cooled to -5.degree. C. under an atmosphere
of nitrogen. Triethylamine (3.2 g, 32 mmol) was added via syringe
followed by trimethylsilyl chloride (2.9 g, 27 mmol). The reaction
mixture was stirred and warmed to room temperature over 1 hour.
Dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (2, 6.0 g, 18.5 mmol) in 10 mL of
dichloromethane was added. The mixture was then stirred at room
temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree.
C. and trimethylaluminum (9 mL, 18 mmol, 2.0 M in dichloromethane)
was added. The flask was warmed and stirred for 72 hours. The clear
light yellow solution was cooled to 5.degree. C. and quenched by
the slow addition of 5% hydrochloric acid. The quenched reaction
mixture was warmed to room temperature and the organic layer
removed. The organic layer was washed with 5% hydrochloric acid and
with water. The organics were dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated
under reduced pressure to give 8 g of a clear light yellow oil. The
oil was purified on silica gel and eluted with a gradient of 1:1
hexanes/ethyl acetate to 100% ethyl acetate. The desired fractions
were collected and evaporated to give
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(methyl)-O-benzylphosphinic acid (3,
R=CH.sub.3, R.sub.1=CH.sub.2Ph, 0.8 g, 8%) as a clear and colorless
oil. Rf 0. 5 (ethyl acetate).
[1052] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): 7.4 ppm (m, 15H), 5.1 ppm (m, 6H),
3.0 ppm (m, 1H), 2.4 ppm (m, 3H), 2.1 ppm (m, 3H), 1.5 ppm (dd,
3H).
[1053] Elemental Analysis
[1054] Calculated C.sub.28H.sub.31O.sub.6P, 0.5 H.sub.2O: C, 68.01;
H, 6.32.
[1055] Found: C, 66.85; H, 6.35.
[1056] 2-[(Methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
[1057] 2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(methyl)-O-benzylphosphinic
acid (0.8 g, 1.6 mmol) in 20 mL of water containing 100 mg of 10%
Pd/C was hydrogenated at 40 psi for 4 hours. The mixture was
filtered over a pad of Celite and evaporated at high vacuum to give
2-[(methylhydroxyphosphin- yl)methyl]-pentanedioic acid (4,
R=CH.sub.3, 0.28 g), 78% as a clear and colorless viscous oil.
[1058] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 2.5 ppm (m, 1H), 2.2 ppm (t, 2H) ,
2.0 ppm (m, 1H), 1.7 ppm (m, 3H), 1.3 ppm (d, 3H).
[1059] Elemental Analysis
[1060] Calculated C.sub.7H.sub.13O.sub.6P, 0.2 H.sub.2O: C, 36.92;
H, 5.93.
[1061] Found: C, 37.06; H, 6.31.
Example 2
Preparation of 2-[(butylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
Scheme VII
R=n-butyl,
R.sub.1=H
[1062] Butylphosphinic Acid
[1063] Diethyl chlorophosphite (25 g, 0.16 mol) in 60 mL of dry
ether was cooled to 0.degree. C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen.
Butylmagnesium chloride (80 mL, 0.16 mol, 2.0 M solution in ether)
was added dropwise over a period of 2 hours while maintaining the
internal temperature at 0.degree. C. Once addition was complete the
thick white slurry was heated to 30.degree. C. for 1 hour. The
suspension was filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere and the
filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure. The clear light yellow
liquid was then brought up in 15 mL of water and stirred at room
temperature. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.5 mL) was then added
and an exothermic reaction was observed. The mixture was stirred an
additional 15 minutes and extracted with two 75 mL portions of
ethyl acetate. The organics were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
evaporated to give a clear and colorless liquid. The liquid was
treated with NaOH (40 mL, 2.0 M) and stirred for 1 hour. The
mixture was then washed with diethyl ether and acidified to pH 1.0.
The desired material was extracted from the acidified extract with
two 100 mL portions of ethyl acetate. The organics were combined,
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated under reduced pressure to give
butylphosphinic acid (1, R=n-butyl, R.sub.1=H, 10 g, 51%) as a
clear and colorless liquid.
[1064] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 6.9 ppm (d, 1H), 1.6 ppm (m, 2H), 1.4
ppm (m, 4H), 0.9 ppm (t, 3H).
[1065] Butyl[2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl]phosphinic acid
[1066] Butylphosphinic acid (2.0 g, 16 mmol) in 80 mL of dry
dichloromethane was cooled to 0.degree. C. under an atmosphere of
nitrogen. Triethylamine (6.7 g, 66 mmol) was added followed by
trimethylsilyl chloride (58 mL, 58 mmol, 1.0 M in dichloromethane).
The mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. for 10 minutes and dibenzyl
2-methylenepentanedioate (2) (6.4 g, 20 mmol) in 20 mL of
dichloromethane was added. The cold bath was removed and the
reaction warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The
mixture was then cooled to 0.degree. C. and quenched by the slow
addition of 5% hydrochloric acid (50 mL). The dichloromethane layer
was then removed and washed with 5% hydrochloric acid and with
brine. The organic layer was dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated to
give a clear light golden liquid. The liquid was purified by flash
chromatography and eluted with 3:1 hexane/ethyl acetate containing
5% acetic acid. The desired fractions were combined and evaporated
to give butyl[2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl- ]phosphinic acid (3,
R=n-butyl, R.sub.1=H) (2.9 g, 40%) as a clear and colorless oil. Rf
0.12 (3:1 Hexane/EtOAc, 5% AcOH).
[1067] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.3 ppm (m, 10H), 5.0 ppm (s, 4H),
2.7 ppm (m, 1H), 2.3 ppm (t, 2H), 1.8 ppm (m, 2H), 1.3 ppm (m, 4H),
0.8 ppm (t, 3H).
[1068] 2-[(Butylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
[1069] Butyl[2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl]phosphinic acid (2.9 g,
6.5 mmol) in 30 mL of water containing 0.32 g 10% Pd/C was
hydrogenated at 40 psi for 4.5 hours. The mixture was filtered
through a pad of Celite and evaporated under high vacuum to give
2-[(butylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]-p- entanedioic acid (4,
R=n-butyl) (0.75 g, 43%) as a clear and colorless viscous oil.
[1070] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 2.4 ppm (m, 1H), 2.1 ppm (t, 2H),
1.9 ppm (m, 1H), 1.6 ppm (m, 3H), 1.4 ppm (m, 2H), 1.1 ppm (m, 4H),
0.6 ppm (t, 3H).
[1071] Elemental Analysis
[1072] Calculated C.sub.10H.sub.19O.sub.6P, 0.5 H.sub.2O: C, 43.64;
H, 7.32.
[1073] Found: C, 43.25; H, 7.12.
Example 3
Preparation of 2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
Scheme VII
R=CH.sub.2Ph,
R.sub.1=H
[1074] Benzylphosphinic acid
[1075] Diethylchlorophosphite (25 g, 0.16 mol) in 100 mL of dry
diethyl ether was cooled to 0.degree. C. under an atmosphere of
nitrogen. Benzylmagnesium chloride (80 mL, 0.16 mol, 2.0 M solution
in Et.sub.2O) was added dropwise over two hours while maintaining a
temperature below 10.degree. C. A thick white slurry formed and
stirring was continued at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture
was filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere and the filtrate
evaporated under reduced pressure to give a clear and colorless
liquid. The liquid was stirred as 15 mL of water was added followed
by 0.5 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid. An exothermic reaction
was observed and stirring was continued for an additional 30
minutes followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organics
were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
evaporated. The clear light golden liquid was added to sodium
hydroxide (50 mL, 2.0 M NaOH), stirred for 1 hour and washed with
diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1.0 with
concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate.
The organics were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated to
give benzylphosphinic acid (1, R=CH.sub.2Ph, R.sub.1=H) (8 g, 32%)
as a clear light golden oil.
[1076] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.3 ppm (m, 5H), 6.9 ppm (d, 1H), 3.1
ppm (d, 2H).
[1077] Benzyl[2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl]phosphinic acid
[1078] Benzylphosphinic acid (2.3 g, 15 mmol) in 150 mL of dry
dichloromethane was cooled to 0.degree. C. under a nitrogen
atmosphere. Triethylamine (6.5 g, 65 mmol) was added followed by
trimethylsilyl chloride (5.8 g, 54 mmol) while the reaction
temperature was maintained at 0.degree. C. After 30 minutes
dibenzyl 2-methylene-pentanedioate (2) (4.4 g, 13.6 mmol) in 20 mL
of dichloromethane was added over 5 minutes. The reaction mixture
was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The
clear solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and quenched with 5%
hydrochloric acid followed by removal of the organic layer. The
organic layer was washed with 5% hydrochloric acid and with brine,
dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated to give a clear yellow liquid.
Purification by flash chromatography and elution with 1:1
hexane/ethyl acetate containing 10% acetic acid yielded 2.0 g (28%)
of benzyl[2,4-di(benzyloxy- carbonyl)butyl]-phosphinic acid (3,
R=CH.sub.2Ph, R.sub.1=H) as a clear light yellow oil. Rf 0.37 (1:1
Hexane/EtOAc, 10% AcOH).
[1079] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.2 ppm (m, 15H), 5.0 ppm (s, 4H),
3.0 (d, 2H), 2.8 ppm (m, 1H), 2.3 ppm (t, 2H), 1.9 ppm (m, 2H), 1.7
ppm (t, 1H).
[1080] 2-[(Benzylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
[1081] Benzyl [2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl]phosphinic acid (0.5
g, 1.0 mmol) in 20 mL of water containing 120 mg of 10% Pd/C was
hydrogenated at 40 psi for 6 hours. Filtration through a Celite pad
followed by evaporation on high vacuum gave 0.17 g (57%) of
2-[(benzylhydroxyphosphin- yl)methyl]-pentanedioic acid (4,
R=CH.sub.2Ph) as a white solid.
[1082] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 7.1 ppm (m, 5H), 2.9 ppm (d, 2H),
2.4 ppm (m, 1H), 2.1 ppm (t, 2H), 1.8 ppm (m, 1H), 1.6 ppm (m,
3H).
[1083] Elemental Analysis
[1084] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.17O.sub.6P: C, 52.00; H, 5.71.
[1085] Found: C, 51.48; H, 5.70.
Example 4
Preparation of 2-[phenylethylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
Scheme VII
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph,
R.sub.1=H
[1086] Phenethylphosphinic acid
[1087] Diethylchlorophosphite (15.6 g, 0.1 mol) in 100 mL of dry
diethyl ether was cooled to 5.degree. C. under an atmosphere of
nitrogen. Phenethylmagnesium chloride (100 mL, 0.1 mol, 1.0 M in
THF) was added dropwise over 2 hours while maintaining a
temperature between 0-10.degree. C. A thick white slurry formed and
stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered
under a nitrogen atmosphere and the filtrate evaporated under
reduced pressure to give a clear and colorless liquid. The liquid
was stirred as 15 mL of water was added followed by 0.5 mL of
concentrated hydrochloric acid. An exothermic reaction was observed
and stirring continued for 15 minutes followed by extraction with
ethyl acetate. The organics were combined, washed with brine, dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated. The clear liquid was brought up in
sodium hydroxide (40 mL, 2.0 M NaOH), stirred for 1 hour and washed
once with diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1.0
with concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl
acetate. The organics were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
evaporated to give phenethylphosphinic acid (1,
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph, R.sub.1=H) (9.8 g, 58%) as a clear light
yellow oil.
[1088] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.2 ppm (m, 5H), 6.9 ppm (d, 1H), 2.8
ppm (m, 2H), 1.9 ppm (m, 2H).
[1089] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(phenethyl)phosphinic
acid
[1090] Phenethylphosphinic acid (1.0 g, 5.9 mmol) in 50 mL of dry
dichloromethane was cooled to -5.degree. C. under a nitrogen
atmosphere. Triethylamine (2.3 g, 23 mmol) was added followed by
trimethylsilyl chloride (2.2 g, 21 mmol) while the reaction
temperature was maintained at 0.degree. C. After 10 minutes
dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (2) (1.7 g, 5.2 mmol) in 10 mL of
dichloromethane was added over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was
left to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The clear
solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and quenched with 5%
hydrochloric acid followed by removal of the organic layer. The
organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and evaporated
to give a clear light golden liquid. Purification by flash
chromatography and elution with 1:1 Hexane/EtOAc containing 5% AcOH
yielded 1.2 g (41%) of
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)-butyl(phenethyl)phosphinic acid (3,
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph, R.sub.1=H) as a clear and colorless oil.
[1091] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.2 ppm (m, 15H), 5.0 ppm (s, 4H),
3.3 ppm (m, 1H), 2.8 ppm (m, 4H), 2.3 ppm (m, 2H), 1.8 ppm (m,
4H).
[1092] 2-[(Phenethylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
[1093] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(phenethyl)-phosphinic acid
(1.1 g, 2.2 mmol) in 20 mL of water containing 120 mg of 10% Pd/C
was hydrogenated at 40 psi overnight. Filtration through a Celite
pad followed by evaporation on high vacuum gave 0.8 g (114%) of
2-[(phenethylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid (4,
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph) as a white solid.
[1094] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 7.2 ppm (m, 5H), 2.7 ppm (m, 2H),
2.5 ppm (m, 1H), 2.3 ppm (t, 2H), 1.9 ppm (m, 6H), 1.5 ppm (t,
1H)
[1095] Elemental Analysis
[1096] Calculated C.sub.14H.sub.19O.sub.6P, 0.75 H.sub.2O, 0.5
AcOH: C, 50.35; H, 6.34.
[1097] Found: C, 50.26; H, 5.78.
Example 5
Preparation of
2-[(3-phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
Scheme VII
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph,
R.sub.1=H
[1098] 3-Phenylpropylphosphinic acid
[1099] To magnesium turnings (2.44 g, 0.10 mol) in 20 mL of dry
diethyl ether under an atmosphere of nitrogen was added several
iodine crystals. Phenylpropyl bromide (20.0 g, 0.10 mol) in 80 mL
of diethyl ether was placed in a dropping funnel. Approximately 10
mL of the bromide solution was added to the magnesium turnings and
stirring was initiated. After several minutes the iodine was
consumed and additional phenylpropyl bromide was added while
maintaining a temperature of 350.degree. C. Once addition was
complete (1.5 hours) the mixture was sealed and stored at 5.degree.
C.
[1100] Diethylchlorophosphite (15.7 g, 0.1 mol) in 50 mL of dry
diethyl ether was cooled to 5.degree. C. under an atmosphere of
nitrogen. Phenethylmagnesium bromide (100 mL, 0.1 mol, 1.0 M
solution of in Et.sub.2O) was added dropwise over 2 hours while
maintaining a temperature between 0-10.degree. C. A thick white
slurry formed and was stirred for an additional 30 minutes. The
mixture was filtered under a nitrogen atmosphere and the filtrate
evaporated under reduced pressure to give a clear and colorless
liquid. To the liquid was added 20 mL of water followed by 0.5 mL
of concentrated hydrochloric acid. An exothermic reaction was
observed and stirring continued for 20 minutes followed-by
extraction with ethyl acetate. The organics were combined, washed
with brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated. To the clear liquid
was added sodium hydroxide (40 mL, 2.0 M NaOH), the resulting
solution stirred for 1 hour and then washed with diethyl ether. The
aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1.0 with concentrated
hydrochloric acid and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The
organics were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and evaporated to give
3-phenylpropylphosphinic acid (1, R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph,
R.sub.1=H) (9.8 g, 53%) as a clear and colorless oil.
[1101] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.2 ppm (m, 5H), 6.9 ppm (d, 1H), 2.6
ppm (t, 2H), 1.7 ppm (m, 2H), 1.6 ppm (m, 2H).
[1102] 2, 4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(3-phenylpropyl)-phosphinic
acid
[1103] 3-phenylpropylphosphinic acid (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol) in 50 mL of
dry dichloromethane was cooled to -5.degree. C. under a nitrogen
atmosphere. Triethylamine (2.2 g, 22 mmol) was added followed by
trimethylsilyl chloride (2.1 g, 19 mmol) while the reaction
temperature was maintained at 0.degree. C. After 10 minutes
dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (2) (1.6 g, 4.9 mmol) in 10 mL of
dichloromethane was added over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was
warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The clear
solution was cooled to 0.degree. C. and quenched with 5%
hydrochloric acid followed by removal of the organic layer. The
organic layer was washed with brine, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
evaporated to give a clear yellow liquid. Purification by flash
chromatography and elution with 4:1 hexane/ethyl acetate containing
5% acetic acid resulted in 1.5 g (56%) of
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)-butyl(3-phenylpropyl)phosphin- ic acid
(3, R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph, R.sub.1=H) as a clear light
yellow oil. Rf 0.58 (1:1 Hexane/EtOAc, 5% AcOH).
[1104] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): 7.2 ppm (m, 15H), 5.0 ppm (s, 4H),
2.7 ppm (m, 1H), 2.5 ppm (m, 5H), 2.2 ppm (m, 2H), 1.8 ppm (m, 3H),
1.6 ppm (m, 2H).
[1105] Elemental Analysis
[1106] Calculated C.sub.29H.sub.33O.sub.6P, 1.3 H.sub.2O: C, 65.48;
H 6.75.
[1107] Found: C, 65.24; H, 6.39.
[1108] 2-[(3-Phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]-pentanedioic
acid
[1109] 2,4-Di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(3-phenylpropyl)phosphinic
acid (1.4 g, 2.8 mmol) in 20 mL of water containing 150 mg of 10%
Pd/C was hydrogenated at 40 psi overnight. Filtration through a
Celite pad followed by evaporation on high vacuum gave 0.8 g (89%)
of 2-[(3-phenylpropylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid (4,
R=CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Ph) as a light yellow viscous oil.
[1110] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 7.4 ppm (m, 5H), 2.7 ppm (m, 3H),
2.4 ppm (t, 3H), 1.8 ppm (m, 7H).
[1111] Elemental Analysis
[1112] Calculated, C.sub.15H.sub.21O.sub.6P, 0.75 H.sub.2O, 0.75
AcOH: C, 51.23; H, 6.64.
[1113] Found: C, 50.85; H, 6.02.
Example 6
Preparation of
2-[[(4-methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid
Scheme VIII
Compound 5, R=4-methylbenzyl
[1114] Hexamethyldisilazane (21.1 mL, 100 mmol) was added to
vigorously stirred ammonium phosphinate (8.30 g, 100 mmol), and the
resulting suspension was stirred at 105.degree. C. for 2 hours. A
solution of 4-methylbenzyl bromide (5.0 g, 27.0 mmol) was then
added dropwise to the suspension at 0.degree. C. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 19 hours. The reaction mixture was
then diluted with dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with 1 N HCl
(50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give 4.72 g of a white solid.
This was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL) and benzyl alcohol
(3.24 g, 30 mmol) was added to the solution.
1,3-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) (6.19 g, 30 mmol) was then added
to the solution at 0.degree. C., and the suspension was stirred at
room temperature for 14 hours. The solvent was removed under
reduced pressure and the residue was suspended in EtOAc. The
resulting suspension was filtered and the filtrate was
concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography
(hexanes: EtOAc, 4:1 to 1:1) to give 2.40 g of
4-methylbenzyl)-O-benzylph- osphinic acid (2, R=4-methylbenzyl) as
a white solid (34% yield). Rf 0.42 (EtOAc).
[1115] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): .delta. 2.30 (s, 3H), 3.29 (d, 2H),
5.2 (m, 2H), 7.0 (d, 1H), 7.1-7.2 (m, 4H), 7.3-7.4 (m, 5H).
[1116]
2,4-Di(benzyloxycarbonyl)-butyl(4-methylbenzyl)-o-benzylphosphinic
acid
[1117] To a solution of 4-methylbenzyl-O-benzylphosphinic acid (2,
R=4-methylbenzyl) (2.16 g, 8.3 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added
sodium hydride (0.10 g, 60% dispersion in oil) followed by dibenzyl
2-methylenepentanedioate (3) (3.24 g) at 0.degree. C., and the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction
mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and poured into 1 N HCl
(50 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. This material was purified by
silica gel chromatography (hexanes: EtOAc, 4:1 to 1:1) to give 3.41
g of 2,4-di (benzyloxycarbonyl)-butyl
(4-methylbenzyl)-o-benzylphosphinic acid (4, R=4-methylbenzyl) as
colorless oil (70% yield). Rf 0.61 (EtOAc).
[1118] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 1.6-1.8 (m, 1H), 1.9-2.0
(m, 2H), 2.1-2.4 (m, 6H), 2.7-2.9 (m, 1H), 3.05 (dd, 2H), 4.8-5.1
(m, 6H) , 7.0-7.1 (m, 4H) , 7.2-7.4 (m, 15H).
[1119] 2-[[(4-Methylbenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid
[1120] To a solution of
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl(4-methylbenzyl)-o-b- enzylphosphinic
acid (0.70 g, 1.2 mmol) in ethanol (30 mL) was added Pd/C (5%, 0.10
g) and the suspension was shaken under hydrogen (50 psi) for 18
hours. The suspension was then filtered through a pad of Celite and
concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was
dissolved in distilled water (5 mL), passed through a column of AG
50W-X8 resin (H.sup.+form), and lyophilized to give 0.21 g of
2-[[(4-methylbenzyl)hydr- oxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic acid
(5, R=4-methylbenzyl) as a white solid (55% yield). Rf 0.62
(i-PrOH: H.sub.2O, 7:3).
[1121] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.7-1.9 (m, 3H), 2.0-2.2 (m,
1H), 2.33 (dt, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, 2H),
7.0-7.1 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 2H). Elemental Analysis
[1122] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.17O.sub.6P, 0.30 H.sub.2O: C,
52.60; H, 6.18.
[1123] Found: C, 52.60; H, 6.28.
Example 7
Preparation of
2-[[(4-Fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid
Scheme VIII
R=4-fluorobenzyl
[1124] Prepared as described in the above example where
R=methylbenzyl. Rf 0.64 (i-PrOH:H.sub.2O, 7:3).
[1125] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.7-1.9 (m, 3H) , 2.0-2.2
(m, 1H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, 2H), 7.0-7.1
(m, 2H), 7.2-7.3 (m, 2H).
[1126] Elemental Analysis
[1127] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.16FO.sub.6P, 0.25 H.sub.2O: C,
48.38; H, 5.15.
[1128] Found: C, 48.38; H, 5.15.
Example 8
Preparation of
2-[[(4-Methoxybenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid
Scheme VIII
R=4-methoxybenzyl
[1129] Prepared as described in the above example where
R=methylbenzyl. Rf 0.56 (i-PrOH: H.sub.2O, 7:3).
[1130] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) : .delta. 1.8-1.9 (m, 3H), 2.0-2.2
(m, 1H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.16 (d, 2H), 3.81 (s,
3H), 6.98 (d, 2H), 7.25 (d, 2H).
[1131] Elemental Analysis
[1132] Calculated C.sub.14H.sub.19O.sub.7P, 0.30 H.sub.2O: C,
50.09; H, 5.89.
[1133] Found: C, 49.98; H, 5.80.
Example 9
Preparation of
2-[[((2-Fluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid
Scheme VIII
R=2-fluorobenzyl)
[1134] Prepared as described in the above example where
R=methylbenzyl. Rf 0.67 (i-PrOH: H.sub.2O, 7:3).
[1135] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.8-1.9 (m, 3H), 2.0-2.2 (m,
1H), 2.3-2.4 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.70 (m, 1H), 3.28 (d, 2H), 7.1-7.5 (m,
4H).
[1136] Elemental Analysis
[1137] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.16FO.sub.6P, 0.10 H.sub.2O: C,
48.79; H, 5.10.
[1138] Found: C, 48.84; H, 5.14.
Example 10
Preparation of
2-[[(Pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioi- c
acid
Scheme VIII
R=pentafluorobenzyl
[1139] Prepared as described in the above example where
R=methylbenzyl. Rf 0.69 (i-PrOH: H.sub.2O, 7:3).
[1140] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.8-2.0 (m, 3H), 2.1-2.3 (m,
1H), 2.3-2.5 (m, 2H), 2.7-2.9 (m, 1H), 3.29 (d, 2H).
[1141] Elemental Analysis
[1142] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.12F.sub.5O.sub.6P, 0.45 H.sub.2O:
C, 39.20; H, 3.26.
[1143] Found: C, 39.17; H, 3.28.
Example 11
Preparation of 2-[(methylhydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
Scheme IX, Compound 9
[1144] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butylphosphinic acid (6)
[1145] Dry phosphinic acid (100 g, 1.52 mol) was dissolved in 100
mL of chloroform and treated with triethylamine (155 g, 1.52 mol).
The mixture was evaporated and transferred to a three liter flask
containing 750 mL of chloroform. The solution was stirred by means
of a mechanical stirrer and the flask cooled to 0.degree. C. The
clear solution was treated with triethylamine (277 g, 2.72 mol)
followed by trimethylsilyl chloride (281 g, 2.58 mol). Once
addition of trimethylsilyl chloride was complete dibenzyl
2-methylenepentanedioate (2) in 150 mL of chloroform was added
dropwise over 20 minutes. The low temperature bath was removed and
the mixture warmed to room temperature. After 6 hours the thick
slurry was filtered and the filtrate cooled to 0.degree. C. The
filtrate was then quenched with 5% hydrochloric acid and the
organic layer removed. The aqueous layer was extracted with
chloroform, the organics combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4) and
evaporated under reduced pressure to give 55 g or
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butylphosphinic acid (6) as a light yellow
liquid. The liquid was purified by flash chromatography and eluted
using 3:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate containing 5% trifluoroacetic acid
to give 40 g (7%) of the desired product. Rf 0.28 (3:1 Hexane/EtOAc
5% TFA).
[1146] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): 7.3 ppm (m, 10H), 7.2 ppm (d, 1H),
5.12 ppm (s, 2H), 2.9 ppm (m, 1H), 2.4 ppm (t, 2H), 2.2 ppm (m,
1H), 2.0 ppm (m, 3H)
[1147] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butylbenzylphosphinic acid (7)
[1148] To a solution of 2,4-di-(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl-phosphinic
acid (6) (19.3 g, 49.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran was added benzyl
alcohol (5.3 g, 49.3 mmol) and dimethylamino pyridine (0.5 g).
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid- e (DCC, 12 g, 58 mmol) was added and a
white precipitate formed. After 30 minutes the white suspension was
filtered and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure. The
clear and colorless oil was purified by flash chromatography and
eluted with 1:1 Hexane/EtOAc to give
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butylbenzylphosphinic acid (7) (11.5 g,
47%) as a clear and colorless oil. Rf 0.16 (1:1 Hexane/EtOAc).
[1149] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): 7.3 ppm (m, 15H), 7.2 ppm (d, 1H),
5.0 ppm (m, 6H), 2.9 ppm (m, 1H), 2.2 ppm (m, 3H), 1.9 ppm (m,
3H).
[1150] 2,4-Di (benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl[hydroxy(phenyl)
methyl]benzylphosphinic acid (8)
[1151] 2,4-Di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butylbenzylphosphinic acid (7) in 5
mL of dry THF was added dropwise to a stirring cooled (0.degree.
C.) mixture of sodium hydride (0.09 g, 2.3 mmol) in 15 mL of THF.
After 15 minutes benzaldehyde (0.23 g, 2.2 mmol) was added via
syringe while maintaining a temperature of 0.degree. C. After 30
minutes the mixture was quenched with water and extracted with two
portions of dichloromethane. The organics were combined and
evaporated to give a clear colorless oil. The oil was
chromatographed on silica and eluted with a 1:1 Hexane/EtOAc
solvent system. The desired fractions were collected and evaporated
to give 0.4 g (33%) of
2,4-di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl-
]benzylphosphinic acid (6) as a clear and colorless oil. Rf 0.18
(1:1 Hexane/EtOAc).
[1152] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): 7.3 ppm (m, 20H), 5.2 ppm (m, 1H),
4.9 ppm (m, 6H), 2.8 ppm (dm, 1H), 2.2 ppm (m, 3H), 1.9 ppm (m,
3H).
[1153]
2-([Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]hydroxyphosphinylmethyl)-pentanedioic
acid (9)
[1154] 2,4-Di(benzyloxycarbonyl)butyl[hydroxy(phenyl)
methyl]benzylphosphinic acid (6) (0.37 g, 0.6 mmol) in 25 mL of
water containing 0.10 g of 10% Pd/C was hydrogenated at 40 psi for
6 hours. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and
lyophilized to give
2-([hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]hydroxyphosphinyl-methyl)pentanedioic
acid (9) (0.14 g, 70%) as a white solid.
[1155] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 7.4 ppm (m, 5H), 5.0 ppm (d, 1H),
2.7 ppm (m, 1H), 2.4 ppm (m, 2H) , 2.2 ppm (m, 1H) , 1.9 ppm (m,
3H).
[1156] Elemental Analysis:
[1157] Calculated C.sub.13H.sub.17O.sub.7P, 0.6 H.sub.2O: C, 47.74;
H, 5.61.
[1158] Found: C, 47.73; H, 5.68.
Example 12
Preparation of dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate using Scheme
VI
[1159] Benzyl acrylate (500 g, 3.0 mol) was heated in an oil bath
to 100.degree. C. Heating was stopped and HMPT (10 g, 61 mmol) was
added dropwise while maintaining an internal temperature below
140.degree. C. Once addition was complete, the mixture was stirred
and cooled to room temperature. A slurry of silica (5:1
Hexane/EtOAc) was added and the mixture was placed in a column
containing a plug of dry silica. The column was washed with 1:1
Hexane/EtOAc and the fractions were combined and evaporated to give
450 g of clear light golden liquid. The liquid was distilled under
high vacuum (200 .mu.Hg) at 185.degree. C. to give 212 g (42%) of a
clear and colorless liquid.
[1160] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): 7.3 ppm (m, 10H), 6.2 ppm (s, 1H),
5.6 ppm (s, 1H), 5.2 ppm (s, 2H), 5.1 ppm (s, 2H), 2.6 ppm (m,
4H).
Example 13
Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[[bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]methyl]pentanedioate using Scheme
VI
[1161] Dibenzyl phosphite (9.5 g, 36 mmol) in 350 mL of
dichloromethane was cooled to 0.degree. C. To this stirring
solution was added trimethyl aluminum (18.2 mL, 2.0 M solution in
hexane, 36.4 mmol). After 30 minutes, dibenzyl
2-methylenepentanedioate (2) (6.0 g, 37 mmol) in 90 mL of
dichloromethane was added dropwise over 10 minutes. The clear and
colorless solution was then warmed to room temperature and left to
stir overnight. The mixture was then quenched by the slow addition
of 5% HCl. After stirring an additional 1.5 hours the lower organic
layer was removed and the aqueous layer extracted once with 100 mL
of dichloromethane. The organics were combined, dried (MgSO.sub.4),
and evaporated to give a clear light golden liquid. The liquid was
chromatographed on silica gel (4cm.times.30cm) and eluted with a
gradient (4:1-1:1) solvent system (Hexane/EtOAc). The fractions
containing the desired product were combined and evaporated to
yield dibenzyl 2-[[bis(benzyloxy)-phosphoryl]methyl]pentanedioate
(7.1 g, 42%) as a clear and colorless liquid. The liquid was then
distilled on a Kughleror apparatus at 0.5 mm Hg and 195-200.degree.
C. The distillate was discarded and the remaining light golden oil
was chromatographed on silica gel (1:1, Hexane/EtOAc) to give 2.9 g
of dibenzyl 2-[[bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl]-methyl]-pentanedioate as
a clear and colorless oil. TLC Rf 0.5 (1:1 Hexane/EtOAc).
[1162] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) 7.1-7.4 (m, 20H), 5.05 (s, 2H),
4.8-5.03 (m, 6H), 2.8 (1H), 2.22-2.40 (m, 3H), 1.80-2.02 (m,
3H).
Example 14
Preparation of 2-(phosphonomethyl) pentanedioic acid (Compound 3)
using Scheme VI
[1163] Benzyl pentanedioate 2(2.9 g; 4.9 mmol) was added to a
mixture of 20 mL of methanol containing 0.29 g (6 mol %) of 10%
Pd/C. This mixture was hydrogenated at 40 psi for 24 hours,,
filtered and evaporated to give 3(1.0 g, 90%) as a clear slightly
golden viscous oil.
[1164] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): 2.6-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 2H),
1.75-2.15 (m, 4H)
Example 15
Preparation of 2-[(N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic acid
using Scheme I
[1165] Preparation of 2,3,4-butanetricarboxylic acid
[1166] Nitric acid (160 mL, 70%) was added to a round bottom flask
followed by copper (0.05 g, 0.31 mol) and ammonium metavandate
(0.20 g, 0.002 mol). The mixture was heated to 55.degree. C., at
which time 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde (28 g, 0.25 mol) was
added dropwise. Addition was at such a rate as to keep the
temperature between 50-60.degree. C. Once addition was completed,
the mixture was heated for one hour at 55.degree. C., cooled and
let stand at 0.degree. C. for 72 hours. At the end of this time,
the mixture was filtered to yield 20 g of a light yellow solid. NMR
(d6-DMSO) 2.6 (m, 1H), 2.5-2.3 (m, 4H), 2.2 (t, 2H).
[1167] Preparation of 3-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)propionic
acid
[1168] 1,2,4-Butanetricarboxylic acid (20 g, 0.105 mol) and nonane
(200 mL) were added to a round bottom flask equipped with a soxhlet
extractor. The solution was refluxed for 16 hours, at the end of
which time the nonane was decanted from the flask. To the resulting
liquid was added hot ethylene dichloride which was then treated
with activated charcoal. The ethylene chloride was removed under
reduced pressure, and the residue was then dissolved in acetic
acid. Upon cooling, 9 g (50%) of the desired material was obtained.
NMR (d6-DMSO): 3.2 (m, 1H), 3.0 (dd, 1H), 2.8 (dd, 1H), 2.3 (t,
2H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 1.8 (m, 1H). Anal. Calcd. for
C.sub.7H.sub.8O.sub.5-1.0 H.sub.2O: C, 44.22; H, 5.25. Found: C,
44.47; H, 5.25.
[1169] Preparation of 2-[N-benzoyl)carbamoyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1170] 3-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)propionic acid (3.0 g, 17.4
mmol) was added to a round bottom flask containing CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2
(80 mL) and the resulting reaction mixture was cooled to
-25.degree. C. Triethylamine (6.0 mL, 43.1 mmol) was added followed
by trimethylsilyl chloride (2.4 mol, 18.9 mmol). After 15 minutes,
o-benzylhydroxylamine (2.1 g, 17.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was
stirred at 0.degree. C. for 1 hour and then quenched with 5% HCl.
The aqueous phase was then extracted with ethyl acetate, and the
organic extracts were combined and dried with MgSO.sub.4. The
solvent was removed under reduced pressure to yield a light yellow
oil. The oil was then triturated with methylene chloride/hexane,
which upon cooling afforded 0.29 g of the desired product as a
white solid. NMR (D20): 7.5 (m, 5H), 5.1 (t, 2H), 2,6 (m, 3H), 2.2
(t, 2H), 1.7 (m, 2H). Anal. Calcd. for C.sub.14H.sub.17NO.sub.6--
0.15 H.sub.2O: C, 56.43; H, 5,85; N, 4.70. Found: C, 56.31; H,
5.74; N. 5.05.
[1171] Preparation of 2-[(N-hydroxy)carbamoyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1172] 2-[(N-benzoyl)carbamoyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid (0.29 g,
1,0 mmol) in 20 mL water containing 0.10 g of 10% Pd/C was
hydrogenated at 40 psi for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered
through a pad of celite and the resulting solution was lyophilized
to obtain the desired product.
Example 16
Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid using
Scheme XIII
[1173] Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioate
[1174] To a solution of dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (12.16 g,
37.5 mmol) in acetone (100 mL), was added benzylmercaptan (9.31 g,
75.0 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.46 g, 3.75 mmol) with
stirring. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 hours. The
cooled solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and
purified by column chromatography to yield 15.2 g (90%) of clear
oil.
[1175] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 2.0 (m, 2H) , 2.3 (m, 2H)
, 2.5 (m, 1H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 3.6 (s, 2H), 4.9 (s, 2H), 5.0 (m, 2H),
7.2-7.5 (m, 15H).
[1176] Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1177] To a cooled solution (5.degree. C.) of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioate (15.2 g, 33.9 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (750 mL) was added 0.1 N NaOH (745 mL, 74.5 mmol
NaOH) with stirring. The cloudy reaction mixture was allowed to
warm to room temperature. After 16 hours, the reaction mixture had
become homogenous. The solution was concentrated under reduced
pressure to remove the tetrahydrofuran. The remaining aqueous
solution was washed with ethyl acetate, then made acidic (pH 1)
with concentrated HCl. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl
acetate. The ethyl acetate was removed under reduced pressure and
the resulting waxy solid was purified by column chromatography to
yield 6.9 g (76%) of white solid.
[1178] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): .delta. 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.2 (t, 2H),
2.3-2.6 (m, 3H), 3.8 (s, 2H), 7.3 (s, 5H).
[1179] Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1180] To a cooled mixture (-78.degree. C.) of
2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]p- entanedioic acid (5.2 g, 19.4 mmol) in
dichloromethane (100 mL) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (85%,
3.9 g, 19.4 mmol) with stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed
to stir for 1 hour at -78.degree. C., then allowed to warm to room
temperature. If starting material was still present according to
analysis by TLC, the reaction was cooled again to -78.degree. C.
and additional 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (2-4 mmol depending on the
intensity of the starting material spot) added and the reaction
mixture allowed to warm at room temperature. This was repeated
until no more starting material was detected by TLC. The
dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure and the
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography to yield
3.8 g (69%) of white solid.
Example 17
Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid using
Scheme XIV
[1181] Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioate
[1182] To a solution of dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (12.16 g,
37.5 mmol) in acetone (100 mL), was added benzylmercaptan (9.31 g,
75.0 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.46 g, 3.75 mmol) with
stirring. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 hours. The
cooled solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and
purified by column chromatography to yield 15.2 g (90%) of clear
oil.
[1183] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 2H),
2.5 (m, 1H), 2.6 (m 2H), 3.6 (s, 2H), 4.9 (s, 2H), 5.0 (m, 2H),
7.2-7.5 (m, 15H).
[1184] Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioate
[1185] To a cooled solution (-78.degree. C.) of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioate (8.2 g, 18.3 mmol) in
dichloromethane (100 mL), was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (85%,
8.2 g, 40.3 mmol) with stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed
to warm to room temperature. White solids precipitated from the
reaction mixture. After 2 hours at room temperature, the reaction
mixture was filtered and the white solids washed with
dichloromethane. The filtrate was washed twice with a saturated
aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate and the dichloromethane
removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by
column chromatography to yield 7.5 g (85%) of clear oil.
[1186] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (t, 2H),
3.1 (m, 1H), 2.9 & 3.4 (ddd, 2H), 4.2 (s, 2H), 5.1 (s, 2H), 5.2
(s, 2H), 7.2-7.4 (m, 15H).
[1187] Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
[1188] A mixture of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfonyl)methyl]-pentanedioate (1.1 g, 2.3 mmol),
palladium on carbon catalyst (10%, 0.6 g) and water (25 mL) was
shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 16 hours. The reaction mixture
was filtered over celite and the filtrate was lyophilized to yield
0.62 g (90%) of grayish-white crystals.
[1189] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): .delta. 1.8 (m, 2H), 2.2 (t, 2H), 2.8
(m, 1H), 3.1-3.5 (ddd, 2H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 7.4 (s, 5H). Anal. Calcd.
for C.sub.13H16SO.sub.6-0.65 H.sub.2O: C, 50.04; H, 5.59; S, 10.28.
Found: C, 49.99; H, 5.52; S, 10.07.
Example 18
Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic acid
using Scheme XV
[1190] Preparation of dibenzyl
2-[benzylsulfanyl)methyl]pentanedioate
[1191] To a solution of dibenzyl 2-methylenepentanedioate (12.16 g,
37.5 mmol) in acetone (100 mL), was added benzylmercaptan (9.31 g,
75.0 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.46 g, 3.75 mmol) with
stirring. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 hours. The
cooled solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and
purified by column chromatography to yield 15.2 g (90%) of clear
oil.
[1192] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 2.0 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 2H),
2.5 (m, 1H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 3.6 (s, 2H), 4.9 (s, 2H), 5.0 (m, 2H),
7.2-7.5 (m, 15H).
[1193] Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1194] To a cooled solution (5.degree. C.) of dibenzyl
2-[(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]pentanedioate (15.2 g, 33.9 mmol) in
tetrahydrofuran (750 mL) was added 0.1 N NaOH (745 mL, 74.5 mmol
NaOH) with stirring. The cloudy reaction mixture was allowed to
warm to room temperature. After 16 hours, the reaction mixture had
become homogenous. The solution was concentrated under reduced
pressure to remove the tetrahydrofuran. The remaining aqueous
solution was washed with ethyl acetate, then made acidic (pH 1)
with concentrated HCl. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl
acetate. The ethyl acetate was removed under reduced pressure and
the resulting waxy solid was purified by column chromatography to
yield 6.9 g (76%) of white solid.
[1195] .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO): .delta. 1.7 (m, 2H), 2.2 (t, 2H),
2.3-2.6 (m, 3H), 3.8 (s, 2H), 7.3 (s, 5H).
[1196] Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1197] To a cooled mixture (-78.degree. C.) of
2-[(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]p- entanedioic acid (5.2 g, 19.4 mmol) in
dichloromethane (100 mL) was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (85%,
3.9 g, 19.4 mmol) with stirring. The reaction mixture was allowed
to stir for 1 hour at -78.degree. C., then allowed to warm to room
temperature. If starting material was still present according to
analysis by TLC, the reaction was cooled again to -78.degree. C.
and additional 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (2-4 mmol depending on the
intensity of the starting material spot) added and the reaction
mixture allowed to warm at room temperature. This was repeated
until no more starting material was detected by TLC. The
dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure and the
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography to yield
3.8 g (69%) of white solid.
[1198] Preparation of 2-[(benzylsulfoximinyl)methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1199] To a mixture of 2-[benzylsulfinyl)methyl]pentane-dioic acid
(2.0 g, 7.0 mmol) in chloroform (20 mL) was added sodium azide (0.5
g, 7.7 mmol) and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.7 g, 7.0 mmol) with
stirring. After 16 hours, water was added to the reaction mixture
and additional chloroform. The chloroform layer was removed and
saved and the aqueous layer was washed again with chloroform. The
combined chloroform extracts were concentrated under vacuum and the
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography to yield
0.80 g (38%) of white solid.
Example 19
Synthesis of
2-[[[2-(carboxy)propyl]hydroxy-phosphinyl]methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1200] Di-tert-butyl 2-methylenepentanedioate
[1201] Tert-butyl acrylate (465 g, 3.628 mol) was warmed to
100.degree. C. under nitrogen, then hexamethylphosphorous triamide
(10 g, 61.2 mmol) was added dropwise and the addition rate was
adjusted to maintain the reaction temperature at 100.degree. C. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool, then poured over a plug of
silica (.about.1000 mL) and washed completely off the silica with
4:1 hexane/ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure and the resulting oil was distilled. Some material was
collected from room temperature to 50.degree. C. under high vacuum,
and discarded. The temperature was then raised to .about.80.degree.
C. and the product (300 g, 65%, b.p. 67-70.degree. C. at 300.mu.)
was collected as a clear oil.
[1202] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 1.4 (m, 18H), 2.4 (t, 2H),
2.6 (t, 2H), 5.5 (s, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H).
[1203] Di-tert-butyl 2-[(hydroxyphosphinyl)methyl]pentanedioate
[1204] A mixture of ammonium phosphinate (162.6 g, 1.96 mol) and
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (316 g, 1.96 mol) was heated to
105.degree. C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled in an
ice bath and di-tert-butyl 2-methylenepentane-1,5-dioate (251 g,
0.979 mol) dissolved in dichloromethane (1000 mL) was added
dropwise. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room
temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was then quenched with
distilled water (500 mL) and the organic layer was retained. The
aqueous layer was washed a second time with dichloromethane and the
combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate. Then the
solvent was removed under reduced pressure leaving a slightly
yellow oil (315 g, 100%) . This product was found to be of
sufficient purity for use in the next reaction.
[1205] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 1.4 (m, 18H), 1.9 (m, 3H);
2.1 (m, 1H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 6.5 & 7.9 (d, 1H, the
P--H), 11.0 (s, 1H).
[1206] Di-tert-butyl
2-[(tert-butoxyphosphinyl)methyl]-pentanedioate
[1207] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[(hydroxy-phosphinyl)methyl]pentan- e-1,5-dioate (315 g, 0.977
mol) in dichloromethane (1000 mL) cooled in an ice bath and under
nitrogen were added tert-butanol (123.1 g, 1.66 mol),
4-dimethylaminopyridine (1 g, 8.2 mmol), and
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopr- opyl)carbodiimide (281 g, 1.47 mol).
The reaction was allowed to stir overnight. Water was added to the
reaction mixture and the dichloromethane layer was retained and
dried, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography and the
desired product was eluted with 1:1 to 2:3 hexane/ethyl acetate.
The fractions containing product were concentrated under reduced
pressure leaving a clear oil (260 g, 70%).
[1208] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 1.4 (m, 27H), 1.8 (m, 1H),
1.9 (m, 2H), 2.1 (m, 1H), 2.3 (m, 2H), 2.7-2.8 (m, 1H), 6.7 &
8.0 (d, 1H, the P--H)
[1209] Di-tert-butyl
2-[[[2-(benzylcarboxy)propyl]tert-butoxyphosphinyl]me-
thyl]pentanedioate
[1210] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[(tert-butoxy-phosphinyl)methyl]pe- ntane-1,5-dioate (13.62 g,
36.0 mmol) and benzyl methacrylate (6.35 g, 36.0 mmol) in THF (100
mL) under nitrogen was added sodium hydride (0.14 g, 60% dispersion
in oil, 3.60 mmol). After three hours, the reaction mixture was
poured into water (300 mL) and ether (100 mL) was added. The
organic layer was separated and retained, and the aqueous layer was
washed again with ether (100 mL). The combined organic extracts
were dried over magnesium sulfate and the solvent was removed under
reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by column
chromatography and the product was eluted with 2:3 EtOAc/Hexane.
The solvent was removed under reduced pressure leaving a clear oil
(10.5 g, 53%)
[1211] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 1.3 (m, 3H), 1.5 (m, 27H),
1.7 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 4H), 2.6 (m, 1H), 2.9 (m, 1H),
5.1 (m, 2H), 7.3 (m, 5H).
[1212]
2-[[[2-(Benzylcarboxy)propyl]hydroxyphosphinyl]-methyl]pentanedioic
acid
[1213] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[[[2-(benzyl-carboxy)propyl]tert-b-
utoxyphosphinyl]methyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (1.6 g, 2.89 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) under nitrogen was added trifluoroacetic
acid (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for two hours and
then concentrated under reduced pressure. Additional
dichloromethane was added to the reaction residue and removed under
reduced pressure. The product was dissolved in ethyl acetate and
washed with water, then the organic layer was dried over magnesium
sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure leaving
a clear oil (800 mg, 72%).
[1214] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.2 (m, 3H), 1.6-1.8 (m,
4H), 2.1 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 1H), 2.8 (m, 1H), 5.0 (m,
2H) , 7.3 (m, 5H). Analysis calculated for C.sub.17H.sub.23PO.sub.8
1.0 H.sub.2O: C, 50.50; H, 6.23. Found: C, 50.52; H, 5.92.
[1215] Di-tert-butyl
2-[[[2-(carboxy)propyl]tert-butoxy-phosphinyl]methyl]-
pentanedioate
[1216] A solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[[[2-(benzyl-carboxy)propyl]tert-buto-
xyphosphinyl]methyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (8.9 g, 16.1 mmol),
palladium on carbon catalyst (10%, 1.0 g) and ethyl acetate (100
mL) was shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 16 hours. The reaction
mixture was filtered over celite and the filtrate was concentrated
under reduced pressure leaving a clear oil (7.5 g, 100%).
[1217] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3): .delta. 6 1.3 (d, 3H) , 1.4-1.5
(m, 27H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 4H), 2.7 (m, 1H), 2.9
(m, 1H).
[1218]
2-[[[2-(Carboxy)propyl]hydroxyphosphinyl]methyl]-pentanedioic
acid
[1219] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[[[2-(carboxy)-propyl]tert-butoxyp-
hosphinyl]methyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (2.1 g, 4.53 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) under nitrogen was added trifluoroacetic
acid (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for two hours and
then concentrated under reduced pressure. Additional
dichloromethane was added to the reaction residue and removed under
reduced pressure. The resulting residue was triturated with
acetonitrile, then dried under reduced pressure leaving a thick
clear oil (1.2 g, 89%).
[1220] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O): .delta. 1.2 (d, 3H), 1.9 (m, 4H),
2.2 (m, 2H), 2.4 (m, 2H), 2.8 (m, 2H). Analysis calculated for
C.sub.10H.sub.17PO.sub.80.2 CH.sub.3CN: C, 41.03; H, 5.83. Found:
C, 41.05; H, 5.92.
Example 20
Synthesis of
2-[({(Benzylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pentanedi- oic
acid (3)
[1221] Di-tert-butyl
2-[((tert-butoxy){[benzylamino]methyl}-phosphoryl)met-
hyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (3a)
[1222] A solution of 1,3,5-tribenzylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (14.30
g, 40.0 mmol) and di-tert-butyl
2-{[(tert-butoxy)phosphoryl]methyl}pentane-1- ,5-dioate (37.85 g,
100 mmol) in toluene (200 mL) was stirred at 110.degree. C. for 14
hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the
residual yellow oil was purified by silica gel chromatography
(hexanes/ethyl acetate, 2/1) to give 23.40 g of light yellow oil
(43% yield).
[1223] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.40-1.48 (m, 27H), 1.7-2.1
(m, 4H), 2.2-2.4 (m, 3H), 2.6-3.0 (m, 3H), 3.8-4.0 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.4
(m, 5H)
[1224]
2-[({Benzylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-pentanedioic
acid (3)
[1225] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[((tert-butoxy)-{[benzylamino]meth-
yl}phosphoryl)methyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (0.498 g, 1.0 mmol) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) at
0.degree. C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for
eighteen hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The
residual oil was taken up with dichloromethane (10 mL) and
concentrated. This process was repeated three times to remove
trifluoroacetic acid completely. The resulting oil was crystallized
from methanol to give 0.174 g of white solid (53% yield).
[1226] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.40-1.48 (m, 27H), 1.7-2.1
(m, 4H), 2.2-2.4 (m, 3H), 2.6-3.0 (m, 3H), 3.8-4.0 (m, 2H), 7.2-7.4
(m, 5H)
Example 21
Synthesis of
2-[({[Phenylamino]-methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]pentaned- ioic
acid (7)
[1227] Using a method similar to that described above in Example
20,
2-[({[phenylamino]methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))-methyl]pentanedioic
acid was synthesized.
[1228] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.4-1.6 (m, 1H), 1.7-1.9 (m,
3H), 2.2-2.4 (m, 2H), 2.2-2.4 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.7 (m, 1H), 3.53 (d,
J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.3-7.5 (m, 5H).
Example 22
Synthesis of
2-[({[4-Fluorophenylamino]-methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl]-
pentanedioic acid (10)
[1229] Using a method similar to that described above in Example
20,
2-[({[4-fluorophenylamine]methyl}(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pentanedioic
acid was synthesized.
[1230] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.5-1.7 (m, 1H), 1.8-2.0 (m,
3H), 2.3-2.5 (m, 2H), 2.6-2.7 (m, 1H), 3.84 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H),
7.2-7.5 (4H).
Example 23
Synthesis of
2-[({[4-Methoxyphenylamino]-methyl}(hydroxyphosphinyl))methyl-
]pentanedioic acid (11)
[1231] Using a method similar to that described above in Example
20,
2-[({[4-Methoxyphenylamino]methyl}-(hydroxy-phosphinyl))methyl]pentanedio-
ic acid was synthesized.
[1232] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.2-1.3 (m, 1H), 1.6-1.7 (m,
3H), 2.22-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.3-2.5 (m, 1H), 3.4 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.7
(s, 3H), 7.0 (d, J=12 Hz, 2H), 7.4 (d, J=12 Hz., 2H).
Example 24
Synthesis of
2-({[(phenylcarbonylamino)-methyl](hydroxyphosphinyl)}methyl)-
pentanedioic acid (8)
[1233] Di-tert-butyl 2-{[(aminomethyl)
(tert-butoxy)phosphoryl]-methyl}pen- tane-1,5-dioate (8a)
[1234] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-[((tert-butoxy)-{[benzylamino]meth-
yl}phosphoryl)-methyl]pentane-1,5-dioate (8.20 g, 16.5 mmol) in
ethanol (100 mL) was added palladium on carbon (0.50 g), and the
suspension was shaken under hydrogen (50 psi) for 4 days. The
catalyst was removed by filtration through a pad of Celite. The
filtrate was concentrated to give 6.629 g of colorless oil (99%
yield).
[1235] .sup.1H NMR (CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 1.40-1.60 (m, 27H),
1.80-2.00 (m, 3H), 2.2-2.4 (m, 3H), 2.7-3.0 (m, 3H).
[1236] Di-tert-butyl
2-({(tert-butoxy)[(phenylcarbonylamino)-methyl]phosph-
oryl}methyl)pentane-1,5-dioate (8b)
[1237] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-{[(aminomethyl)-(tert-butoxy)phosp-
horyl]methyl}pentane-1,5-dioate (1.222 g, 3.0 mmol) and benzoyl
chloride (0.46 mL, 4.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added
triethylamine (0.56 mL, 4.0 mmol) at 0.degree. C., and the mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture
was diluted with dichloromethane (15 mL), washed with 1 N HCl (25
mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The crude
material was purified by silica gel chromatography (ethyl
acetate/hexanes=2/1) to give 1.259 g of colorless oil (74%
yield).
[1238] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.30-1.60 (m, 27H),
1.60-2.00 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.40 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.90 (m, 3H), 3.5-4.2
(m, 2H), 7.0-7.3 (m, 1H), 7.4-7.6 (m, 3H), 7.8-7.9 (m, 1H)
[1239]
2-({[(Phenylcarbonylamino)methyl]-(hydroxyphosphinyl)}methyl)pentan-
edioic acid (8)
[1240] To a solution of di-tert-butyl
2-({(tert-butoxy)-[(phenylcarbonylam-
ino)methyl]-phosphoryl}methyl)pentane-1,5-dioate (1.230 g, 2.4
mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (5
mL) at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 18 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced
pressure. The residual oil was taken up with dichloromethane (10
mL) and concentrated. This process was repeated three times to
remove trifluoroacetic acid completely. The resulting oil was
crystallized from acetonitrile-water to give 0.620 g of white solid
(75% yield).
[1241] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.9-2.1 (m, 3H), 2.2-2.4 (m,
1H), 2.4-2.6 (m, 2H), 2.8-3.0 (m, 1H), 3.7-3.9 (m, 2H), 7.5-7.9 (m,
5H).
Example 25
Synthesis of
2-({[(phenylsulfonylamino)-methyl](hydroxyphosphinyl)}methyl)-
pentanedioic acid (9)
[1242] Using a method similar to that described above in Example
24,
2-({[(phenylsulfonylamino)methyl]-(hydroxy-phosphinyl)}methyl)pentanedioi-
c acid was synthesized.
[1243] .sup.1H NMR (D.sub.2O) .delta. 1.6-2.1 (m, 4H), 2.3-2.4 (m,
2H), 2.5-2.7 (m, 1H), 2.9-3.1 (m, 2H), 7.7-8.0 (m, 5H).
Example 26
Synthesis of 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid
[1244] 3-(2-Oxotetrahydro-3-thiophenyl)propanoate 128
[1245] To a cooled solution (-78.degree. C.) of lithium
diisopropylamide (LDA) (98 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was added dropwise
.gamma.-thiobutyrolactone (10 g, 98 mmol) After stirring for
fifteen minutes, ethyl 3-bromopropanoate (35.4 g, 196 mmol) was
added and the reaction allowed to warm to room temperature
overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography yielding 3
g (16%) of clear oil. .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 1.2 (t, 3H),
1.7 (m, 1H), 1.9 (m, 1H), 2.1 (m, 1H), 2.4 (t, 2H), 2.5 (m, 2H),
3.3 (t, 2H), 4.2 (q, 2H).
[1246] 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)pentanedioic acid 129
[1247] To a solution of ethyl
3-(2-oxotetrahydro-3-thiophenyl)propanoate (0.77 g, 3.81 mmol) in
THF (5 ml) was added sodium hydroxide (1 M in water, 5 ml). The
mixture was allowed to stir for two days, then the THF was removed
under reduced pressure, the aqueous layer was washed with ether,
then acidified to pH 1 with HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate.
The combined ethyl acetate extracts were dried over magnesium
sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The
resulting residue was purified by column chromatography yielding a
150 mg of clear oil (20%). .sup.1H NMR (d6-DMSO) .delta. 1.7 (m,
3H), 1.8 (m, 1H) , 2.2 (m, 2H) , 2.3-2.5 (m, 4H). Analysis
calculated for C.sub.7H.sub.12SO.sub.4: C, 43.74; H, 6.29; S,
16.68. Found: C, 43.61; H, 6.39; S, 16.55.
Example 27
[1248] A patient is at risk of injury from a cancerous tumor
growth, invasion, or metastasis. The patient may be pretreated with
an effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor or a pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention. It is expected that after the
pretreatment, the patient would be protected from any injury due to
a cancerous tumor growth, invasion, or metastasis.
Example 28
[1249] A patient is suffering from a cancerous tumor growth,
invasion, or metastasis. The patient may be administered during or
after the inception of the tumor, an effective amount of a
NAALADase inhibitor or a pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention. It is expected that after the treatment, the patient
would recover or would not suffer any significant injury due to the
cancerous tumor growth, invasion, or metastasis.
Example 29
[1250] A patient is suffering from a neovascular disease of the
eye. A patient may be administered an effective amount of a
NAALADase inhibitor or a pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention. It is expected that after the treatment, the patient
would recover or would not suffer any significant injury due to the
neovascular disease of the eye.
Example 30
[1251] A patient is suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. A patient
may be administered an effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor or
a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. It is
expected that after the treatment, the patient would recover or
would not suffer any significant injury due to the rheumatoid
arthritis.
Example 31
[1252] A patient is suffering from peripheral vascular disorder. A
patient may be administered an effective amount of a NAALADase
inhibitor or a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
It is expected that after the treatment, the patient would recover
or would not suffer any significant injury due to the peripheral
vascular disorder.
Example 32
[1253] A patient is suffering from metastatic adenocarcinoma of
cancer, as defined herein. Although the adenocarcinoma appears to
have metastasized, the patient nevertheless undergoes surgery to
remove the adenocarcinoma. The patient may then be locally
administered an effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention approximately from the time of
initial diagnosis through post-surgical recovery. After
post-surgical recovery, the patient may continue the same treatment
by a regimen of periodic local administration, and carefully
monitored for adverse side-effects. It is expected that after the
treatments, the patient would be protected from recurrences of the
adenocarcinoma, and any residual tumorous cells would be inhibited
(i.e., arrested in development) or relieved (i.e., caused to
regress).
Example 33
[1254] A patient is suffering from cancer, as defined herein. An
effective amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition of
the present invention may be administered directly to the cancer
cells. After this initial treatment, the patient may be optionally
administered an effective amount of the same or a different
compound of the present invention by direct injection, subdural
pump or implantation of a biocompatible polymeric matrix delivery
system. It is expected that after the treatment(s), the patient
would be protected from recurrences of the cancer, and the cancer
would be inhibited (i.e., arrested in development) or relieved
(i.e., caused to regress).
Example 34
[1255] A female patient wishes to become temporarily infertile, so
as not to become pregnant during sexual intercourse. An effective
amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention may then be administered, using gels, foams, creams,
suppositories, or carbopol polymers, to the patient. It is expected
that after the treatment, angiogenesis necessary for fertility
would be inhibited and the patient would be protected from
pregnancy for the length of time that continued treatments were
periodically administered.
Example 35
[1256] A female patient wishes to become temporarily infertile, so
as not to become pregnant during sexual intercourse. An effective
amount of a compound or a pharmaceutical composition of the present
invention may then be administered, using carbopol polymers
prepared from acrylic acid, to the patient. It is expected that
after the treatment, angiogenesis necessary for fertility would be
inhibited and the patient would be protected from pregnancy for the
length of time that continued treatments were periodically
administered.
Example 36
[1257] A patient is suffering from a dermatologic ulcer. A patient
may be administered an effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor or
a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. It is
expected that after the treatment, the patient would recover or
would not suffer any significant injury due to the dermatologic
ulcer.
Example 37
[1258] A patient is suffering from a soft tissue wound. A patient
may be administered an effective amount of a NAALADase inhibitor or
a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. It is
expected that after the treatment, the patient would recover or
would not suffer any significant injury due to the soft tissue
wound.
Example 38
[1259] A patient is suffering from a cardiovascular disease. A
patient may be administered an effective amount of a NAALADase
inhibitor or a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.
It is expected that after the treatment, the patient would recover
or would not suffer any significant injury due to the
cardiovascular disease.
Example 39
[1260] A patient is diagnosed with an angiogenesis-dependent
disease, disorder, or condition, such as, but not limited to, those
identified in these examples. An effective amount of a compound or
a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may then be
administered to the patient intraveneously, intramuscularly,
intraventricularly to the brain, rectally, subcutaneously,
intranasally, through a catheter with or without a pump, orally,
through a transdermal patch, topically, or through a polymer
implant. After the treatment, the patient's condition would be
expected to improve.
Example 40
[1261] A patient is diagnosed with an angiogenesis-dependent
disease, disorder, or condition, such as, but not limited to, those
identified in these examples. A compound or a pharmaceutical
composition of the present invention may then be administered to
the patient in the form of a 100 mg/kg bolus, optionally followed
by a 20 mg/kg per hour intravenous infusion over a two-hour period.
After the treatment, the patient's condition would be expected to
improve.
[1262] The invention being thus described, it will be obvious that
the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be
regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention
and all such modifications are intended to be included within the
scope of the following claims.
* * * * *