U.S. patent application number 10/090911 was filed with the patent office on 2003-03-27 for rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual detergent is present.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Cauwberghs, Serge Gabriel Pierre, Cumming, David Xavante, DeClercq, Marc Johan, Demeyere, Hugo Jean Marie, Turner, John Christopher.
Application Number | 20030060390 10/090911 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27402611 |
Filed Date | 2003-03-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030060390 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Demeyere, Hugo Jean Marie ;
et al. |
March 27, 2003 |
Rinse-added fabric conditioning composition for use where residual
detergent is present
Abstract
There is provided a rinse added composition for the conditioning
of fabric in a rinse, whereby the composition comprises a fabric
softener active, a suds suppressing system and a surfactant
scavenger, characterized in that the composition has a suds
reduction value of at least about 90% and is free from visible
flocs when used in the presence of residual detergent
surfactant.
Inventors: |
Demeyere, Hugo Jean Marie;
(Merchtem, BE) ; DeClercq, Marc Johan;
(Strombeek-Bever, BE) ; Cauwberghs, Serge Gabriel
Pierre; (Sint-Niklaas, BE) ; Turner, John
Christopher; (Overijse, BE) ; Cumming, David
Xavante; (Northumberland, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL TECHNICAL CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company
|
Family ID: |
27402611 |
Appl. No.: |
10/090911 |
Filed: |
March 5, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60273929 |
Mar 7, 2001 |
|
|
|
60294178 |
May 29, 2001 |
|
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|
60293446 |
May 24, 2001 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/329 ;
510/330; 510/499; 510/515 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 1/528 20130101;
C11D 1/835 20130101; C11D 1/645 20130101; C11D 1/75 20130101; C11D
1/62 20130101; C11D 11/0017 20130101; C11D 3/001 20130101; C11D
3/0026 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/329 ;
510/330; 510/499; 510/515 |
International
Class: |
D06M 010/00; D06L
001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A rinse added fabric conditioning composition comprising: a
fabric softener active; a suds suppressing system; and a surfactant
scavenger, characterized in that the composition has a suds
reduction value of at least about 90% when the composition is
dispensed in a rinse bath solution comprising residual detergent
surfactant.
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the
composition has a suds reduction value of at least about 95%.
3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the suds reduction
value is at least about 99%.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant
scavenger is present in an effective amount to ensure the rinse
solution is substantially free from visible flocs when the
composition is dispensed in a rinse bath solution comprising
residual detergent surfactant.
5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the surfactant
scavenger is present in an effective amount to ensure the rinse
solution is free from visible flocs when the composition is
dispensed in a rinse bath solution comprising residual detergent
surfactant.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant
scavenger is present in an effective amount to ensure softness
robustness when the composition is used in the presence of residual
detergent surfactant.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein said fabric
softening active is selected from the group of: (a) softener
actives with the general
formula:{R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--[(CH.sub.2)--Y--R.sup.1].sub.m}X.sup-
.-wherein each R substituent is either hydrogen, a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like,
poly (C.sub.2-3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures
thereof; each m is 2 or 3; each n is from 1 to about 4, preferably
2; each Y is --O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or
--C(O)--MR--; the sum of carbons in each R.sup.1, plus one when Y
is --O--(O)C-- or --NR--C(O)--, is C.sub.12-C.sub.22, preferably
C.sub.14-C.sub.20, with each R.sup.1 being a hydrocarbyl, or
substituted hydrocarbyl group, and X.sup.- can be any
softener-compatible anion, preferably, chloride, bromide,
methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably
chloride or methyl sulfate; (b) softener actives with the general
formula:[R.sub.3N.sup.+CH.-
sub.2CH(YR.sup.1)(CH.sub.2YR.sup.1)]X.sup.-wherein each Y, R,
R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same meanings as recited above; and
(c) softener actives having the
formula:[R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--R.sup.1.sub.m]X.sup.-wherein each R,
R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same meanings as recited above; (d)
condensation products of fatty acids and oligoamines, wherein the
molar ratio fatty acid to oligoamine is about 2:1, and optionally
wherein said condensation products are quaternized by addition of
an alkylating agent; and (e) mixtures thereof.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the fabric
softener active is between about 1% and about 90%, preferably
between about 1% and about 70%, more preferably between about 1%
and about 40% and even more preferably between about 2% and about
25% of the composition.
9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant
scavenger is selected from: (a) scavengers having the general
formula:{R.sub.3--N.sup.+--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n--Y--R.sup.1}X.sup.-wherein
each R substituent is either hydrogen, a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like,
poly (C.sub.2-3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures
thereof; each n is from 1 to about 4, preferably 2; each Y is
--O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--NR--; the sum of
carbons in each R.sup.1, plus one when Y is --O--(O)C-- or
--NR--C(O)--, is C.sub.8-C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.8-C.sub.20,
with each R.sup.1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl
group, and X.sup.- can be any softener-compatible anion,
preferably, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate,
sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl sulfate;
(b) scavengers having the general
formula:[R.sub.3N.sup.+CH.sub.2CH(YR.sup.1)(CH.sub.2YR-
.sup.1)]X.sup.-wherein each Y, R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the
same meanings as before and wherein one YR.sup.1.dbd.OH. Such
compounds include those having the
formula:[CH.sub.3].sub.3N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH.-
sub.2OH)O(O)CR.sup.1]Cl.sup.(-) or[CH.sub.3].sub.3
N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH- .sub.2O(0)C R.sup.1)OH]Cl.sup.(-)wherein
each R is a methyl or ethyl group and preferably each R.sup.1 is in
the range of C.sub.7 to C.sub.19. (c) scavengers having the
formula:[R.sub.3--N.sup.+--R.sup.1]X.sup.-wherein each R, R.sup.1,
and X have the same meanings as before. (d) condensation products
of fatty acids and oligoamines, wherein the molar ratio of fatty
acid to oligoamine is between about 2:1 and about 1:1, preferably
between about 1.6:1 and 0.8:1 and optionally, wherein said
condensation products are quaternized by addition of an alkylating
agent; (e) scavengers having the formula: 18wherein y is from about
3 to about 10,000, preferably from about 10 to about 5,000, more
preferably from about 20 to about 500; optionally, one or more of
the polyvinyl amine backbone --NH.sub.2 unit hydrogens can be
substituted by an acyl group having the formula --C(O)--R)-- where
R is either hydrogen, a short chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group, e.g., methyl, ethyl,
propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like, poly (C.sub.2-3 alkoxy),
preferably polyethoxy, benzyl, or mixtures thereof; or where the
hydrogens are substituted by an alkyleneoxy unit having the
formula:--(R.sup.1O).sub.XR.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.2-C.sub.4
alkylene, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and mixtures
thereof; x is from 1 to 50; (f) scavengers having the formula:
19wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.12
alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.12
hydroxyalkylene, and preferably, ethylene or propylene; each
R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4
hydroxyalkyl or hydrogen, and preferably methyl or ethyl; each
R.sup.2 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.22
alkenyl, hydrogen, R.sup.5--Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--, wherein R.sup.5
is C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.22 alkenyl, and mixtures
thereof; m is from 1 to about 6; each Y is --O--(O)C--,
--C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--MR--; X is an anion; and
optionally but preferably at least one R.sup.2 is preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, more preferably methyl; and optionally, but
preferably at least one R.sup.2 is C.sub.11-C.sub.22 alkyl,
C.sub.11-C.sub.22 alkenyl, and mixtures thereof; and (g) mixtures
thereof.
10. A composition according to claim 7, wherein the surfactant
scavenger is a monoalkyl variant of the fabric softener active.
11. A composition according to claim 7, wherein said surfactant
scavenger and fabric softener active are reaction products of a
reaction of a fatty acid and a oligoamine wherein the molar ratio
of fatty acid to amine is less than about 2:1.
12. A composition according to claim 11, the molar ratio of fatty
acid to amine is in the range of about 1.6:1 to about 1:1.
13. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising a
dispersing agent.
14. The composition according to claim 13, wherein said dispersing
agent is a surfactant having a general formula selected from the
group consisting of: a)
R.sup.1--Y--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.z--C.sub.2H.sub.4OH wherein
R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of primary, secondary
and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl and/or acyl hydrocarbyl
groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl hydrocarbyl
groups, and primary, secondary and branched chain alkyl and alkenyl
substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; said hydrocarbyl groups
having a hydrocarbyl chain length of from 8 to 20, preferably from
9 to 18 carbon atoms; wherein Y is --O-- or --C(O)O--, and z is
preferably at least 4, and more preferably 7-25. b)
R.sup.1O(CH(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2-
O).sub.yR.sup.3 or
R.sup.1O(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2O)-
.sub.yR.sup.3 wherein R.sup.1 is defined as above, R.sup.2 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl unit, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.3
alkyl; and c) HO(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x
(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.y (CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.zH.
15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the suds
suppressing system is a silicone antifoam compound, alcohol
antifoam compound, fatty acid, and paraffin antifoam compound,
poloxamer, polypropyleneglycol, dimethicone, tallow derivative,
light petroleum hydrocarbons, fatty ester, fatty acid esters of
monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C.sub.18-C.sub.40 ketones,
N-alkylated amino triazines, bis stearic acid amide, monostearyl
phosphate, phosphate ester and nonionic polyhydroxyl derivatives,
and mixtures thereof.
16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition
further comprises a stabilizing agent.
17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the stabilizing agent is a
xanthan gum or derivatives thereof, alginate or a derivative
thereof, guar type polysaccharides or derivative thereof,
polysaccharide polymers such as substituted cellulose materials
like ethoxylated cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose,
hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose and mixtures thereof.
18. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or
more adjuncts ingredients, said adjunct ingredients comprising pH
control aids, metal ion control aids, colorants, brighteners, odor
control agents, solvents, soil releasing agents, preservatives,
antimicrobial agents and mixtures thereof.
19. A fabric softening composition comprising a fabric softener
active that is a dialkyl substituted quaternary ammonium compound;
and a surfactant scavenger that is a monoalkyl variant of the
fabric softening active, wherein the fabric softening active and
surfactant scavenger are prepared together from the same starting
materials.
20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the fabric softening
active is a reaction product of a fatty acid and an oligoamine or
an aminopolyol, the molar ratio of fatty acid to oligoamine or
aminopolyol is less than about 2:1 and is preferably between about
1.6:1 and about 0.8:1 to obtain a mixture of mono- and dialkyl
substituted compounds.
21. The fabric softening composition of claim 19, wherein the
quaternary ammonium compounds are substituted with ester
groups.
22. A composition according to claim 19, that is free from visible
flocs when dispensed in a laundry rinse solution comprising
residual detergent surfactant.
23. A composition according to claim 19, further comprising a suds
suppressing system, characterized in that the composition has a
suds reduction value of at least about 90% when dispensed in a
laundry rinse solution comprising residual detergent
surfactant.
24. A method of rinsing fabrics and delivering softness and
freshness to the fabrics in a single step, by contacting the
fabrics, previously contacted with an aqueous detergent liquor,
with a composition according to claim 1.
25. A method for reducing the formation of suds in a rinse solution
and imparting softness to fabrics rinsed in that solution, the
method comprising the step of contacting the fabrics, previously
contacted with an aqueous detergent liquor, with a composition
according to claim 1.
26. A method for reducing the formation of suds in a rinse solution
and imparting softness to fabrics rinsed in that solution, the
method comprising the step of: contacting the fabrics, previously
contacted with an aqueous detergent liquor, with a fabric softening
composition comprising a fabric softener active, a suds suppressing
system, and a surfactant scavenger.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the fabrics are contacted with
the composition in a first rinse cycle following the washing of the
fabrics.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the fabrics are contacted with
the composition in a hand rinse.
29. A method for reducing the volume of water consumed in a
laundering operation in which a fabric conditioning composition is
utilized, the method comprising the steps of: washing the fabrics
in an aqueous detergent solution; removing a major portion of the
aqueous detergent solution; and rinsing the washed fabrics in a
single rinse solution comprising water and a fabric conditioning
composition of the present invention, wherein during this rinsing
step residual detergent and soil are removed from the fabrics and
the fabrics are conditioned.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to rinse-added fabric
conditioning compositions for fabrics, in particular, compositions
for use during the hand rinsing of fabrics as well as the rinsing
of fabrics in top loaded non-automated washing machines and
automated washing machines after the fabrics have been laundered
with a detergent composition. The compositions of the present
invention are particularly adapted for use in rinsing fabrics that
have been washed in a high suds forming detergent composition and
where a portion of that detergent composition is carried over with
the fabrics into the rinse.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Nowadays, the trends for washing is by using a washing
machine whereby the laundry detergent and the softening composition
are dispensed from the washing machine via two separate
compartments, thereby ensuring the automated release of the
detergent at the beginning of the washing process and the release
of the softening composition in the rinse process, usually the last
rinse process.
[0003] In most countries under development, the consumer's washing
habit is to wash their garments with either a non-automatic top
loaded washing machine (i.e apparatus which comprises two separated
cubicles, one for washing or rinsing, and one for spinning), or a
basin or bucket. The washing in basins or buckets involves a
manually operated process with the multiple cumbersome steps of
wetting the fabrics, washing with detergent, wringing, and rinsing
thoroughly. Similarly, in non-automatic top loaded washing
machines, washing requires placing the fabrics with detergent in
the cubicle containing water and providing agitation. The fabrics
are then removed from the cubicle containing the detergent liquor,
placed in the spinning cubicle where they are spun to remove the
major portion of detergent and soils. The detergent liquor is
removed from the other cubicle and is replaced with fresh water.
The fabrics are transferred back for rinsing. The steps of spinning
and rinsing are often repeated several times to obtain acceptably
rinsed fabrics.
[0004] A unique aspect of washing-by-hand, and/or washing in
non-automatic top loaded washing machine, is the high detergent to
water ratio and/or the high fabric to water ratio. Indeed, fabrics
treated with such detergent compositions usually carry residual
detergent to the rinse step. Compared to modern (automatic) washing
machines, this problem of detergent carry over is even more acute
with manual washing and/or washing in non-automatic top loaded
washing machine, as it is due to the poor efficiency of the
spinning and/or wringing in between the wash and the rinse
steps.
[0005] The use of high suds forming detergent compositions and the
incidence of hand and non-automated washing of fabrics, in general,
is not constrained to any particular geographical region. Although
certain areas having limited access to modern appliances have a
higher prevalence of hand and non-automated washing, the need to
hand-wash, including rinsing, at least certain items of clothing
appears universal. For instance, there are still many garments,
especially those manufactured from "fine fabric" material (i.e.
silk) or those which comprise "soft woven" material (i.e. woolen
knitted sweaters) that need to be "laundered by hand". Likewise,
the laundering of "delicates" and "personal" items also typically
requires hand-washing to prevent damage thereto.
[0006] Conventional detergent products which are currently used for
the hand laundering and/or top loading non-automatic washing
machine treatments are the so called "High Suds Detergents". One
commonly known feature of these detergent products is that a
significant amount of suds appears on top of the wash solution upon
agitation. A problem encountered by the consumer is that a
significant portion of these suds is carried over into the rinse
solution, requiring cumbersome removal by successive rinsing and
spinning/wringing with water. Consequently, the hand rinsing of
fabric and its drawback of excessive foam is something consumers
are familiar with.
[0007] The use of a fabric conditioning composition in conjunction
with such detergent compositions can create additional problems.
Indeed, fabric softener actives may interact with the residual
detergent surfactants like anionic surfactants, present in the
rinse solution. As a result, poorly soluble flocs form that then
float on top of the rinse solution. It is speculated that the
presence of flocs arises from the water-insolubility of the
softener compound and/or the interaction of the softener compound
with the anionic detergent liquor. Notably, the formation of such
flocs is particularly troublesome where a high suds forming
detergent composition is used to launder the fabrics during the
wash cycle.
[0008] In addition, softener compounds tend to form a slightly
cloudy or turbid rinse bath solution. The clarity of the rinse
solution is often perceived by the consumer as a signal of when the
fabrics are completely rinsed. In other words, the more turbid the
rinse solution, the more rinses the consumer will perform. It is
therefore a concern that the use of a fabric conditioning
composition that gives a cloudy rinse bath solution may mislead
consumers to engage in excessive rinsing of their fabrics.
[0009] There is a further problem with the use of fabric
conditioning compositions in conjunction with such detergents, in
that the interaction between the softener active and the residual
detergent surfactant leads to a markedly reduced end effect.
Fabrics treated with conventional conditioning compositions in the
presence of residual detergent surfactants do not have the
preferred soft hand that is typically delivered by the fabric
conditioning composition, when used in the absence of surfactant.
Not to be limited by theory, but it is believed that the
interaction between softener active and detergent surfactant
reduces the efficiency of said softener active.
[0010] Accordingly, there is a need for a fabric conditioning
composition that will reduce the formation of suds, provide a clear
rinse solution and deliver the soft hand typical for the fabric
conditioning composition used in the absence of detergent
surfactant, when the composition is applied in a rinse solution
under detergent carry over conditions. Further, there is a need for
processes or compositions that will relieve or ease the burden of
the hand and non-automated washing while enabling the consumer to
enjoy the benefits of using fabric conditioning compositions in
combination with high suds forming detergent compositions.
Therefore, there is a need for an effective rinsing composition for
use in the hand treatment of fabrics while simultaneously providing
softness to the treated fabrics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention provides a fabric treatment
composition comprising a fabric softener active, a suds suppressing
system and a surfactant scavenger, characterized in that the
composition has a suds reduction value of at least about 90%, does
not form flocs and delivers a soft hand feel to the fabrics when
added to a rinse solution containing residual detergent surfactant.
The compositions of the present invention preferably comprise a
fabric softening active, a suds suppression agent, a surfactant
scavenger and optional adjunct ingredients.
[0012] The present invention provides for the use of a fabric
conditioning composition comprising a fabric softening active, a
suds suppression agent, a surfactant scavenger and optional adjunct
ingredients in a rinse solution to impart softness to the treated
fabrics and reduce suds formation in the rinse solution.
[0013] The present invention further provides for the use of a
fabric conditioning composition comprising a fabric softening
active, a suds suppression agent, a surfactant scavenger and
optional adjunct ingredients in a rinse solution to reduce the
formation of flocs in the rinse solution.
[0014] The present invention further provides for the use of a
fabric conditioning composition comprising a fabric softening
active, a suds suppression agent, a surfactant scavenger and
optional adjunct ingredients to rinse fabrics washed in a high suds
forming detergent composition.
[0015] In a process aspect of the invention, there is provided a
method for rinsing laundered fabrics which comprises the step of
contacting fabrics previously washed in an aqueous detergent
liquor, with a rinse solution containing a composition of the
invention.
[0016] In yet a further process aspect of the present invention,
there is provided a method for reducing the volume of water
consumed in a laundering operation in which a fabric conditioning
composition is utilized, the method comprising the steps of washing
the fabrics in an aqueous detergent solution, removing a major
portion of the aqueous detergent solution, whether through
draining, spinning, wringing, partial rinsing or otherwise, and
rinsing the washed fabrics in a rinse solution comprising water and
a fabric conditioning composition of the present invention, wherein
during this rinsing step residual detergent and soil are removed
from the fabrics and the fabrics are conditioned.
[0017] In a further embodiment of the present invention there is
provided an article of manufacture comprising a fabric conditioning
composition comprising a fabric softening active, a suds
suppression agent, a surfactant scavenger and optional adjunct
ingredients; a container for the fabric conditioning composition;
and a set of instructions associated with the container, said
instructions comprising an instruction to the consumer that
laundered fabrics may be rinsed and conditioned in a single rinse
solution without the need for extensive rinsing prior to this
conditioning step.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0018] All percentages, ratios and proportions herein are by
weight, unless otherwise specified. All temperatures are in degrees
Celsius (.degree. C) unless otherwise specified. All documents
cited are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Citation of any reference is not an admission regarding any
determination as to its availability as prior art to the claimed
invention.
[0019] As used herein, the term "alkyl" means a hydrocarbyl moiety,
which is straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated. Unless
otherwise specified, alkyl moieties are preferably saturated or
unsaturated with double bonds, preferably with one or two double
bonds. Included in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl
groups.
[0020] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and
other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added.
This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of".
[0021] As used herein, the term "fabric article" means any fabric,
fabric-containing, or fabric-like item that is laundered,
conditioned, or treated on a regular, or irregular basis.
Non-limiting examples of a fabric article include clothing,
curtains, bed linens, wall hangings, textiles, cloth, etc.
Preferably, the fabric article is a woven article, and more
preferably, the fabric article is a woven article such as clothing.
Furthermore, the fabric article may be made of natural and
artificial materials, such as cotton, nylon, rayon, wool, silk,
polycotton, polyester, etc.
[0022] As used herein, the term "laundry residue" means any
material that may be present either on the fabrics or in the wash
liquor during the wash cycle of the laundering process and that is
carried over with the laundered fabrics into the rinse bath
solution. Thus, "laundry residue" includes but is not limited to,
residual soils, particulate matter, detergent surfactants,
detergent builders, bleaching agents, metal ions, lipids, enzymes
and any other materials that may have been present in the wash
cycle solution. Furthermore, excess laundry liquor may be squeezed,
wrung, or spun out of a fabric to remove excess laundry residue,
prior to adding the fabric to the rinse bath solution. However,
such laundry residue is not completely removed (i.e., rinsed out of
the fabric with water) prior to adding the fabric to a rinse bath
solution. Preferably, laundry residue includes "surfactant
residue", which means a surfactant material that may be present
either on the fabrics or in the wash liquor during the wash cycle
of the laundering process and that is carried over with the
laundered fabrics into the rinse bath solution. Surfactant residue
is removably-attached to the fabric surface and/or fabric fibers
via hydrophobic/electrostatic attractions, calcium bridging, and/or
other types of weak, non-covalent bonds.
[0023] As used herein, "rinse bath solution" is the solution used
to rinse the fabrics subsequent to their washing. The rinse bath
solution may be used in an automated or non-automated washing
machine, or in the case of hand washing, may be used in a simple
container such as a basin or bucket. The rinse bath solution is
initially water before the laundered fabrics and accompanying
laundry residue and/or the rinse-added fabric treatment composition
are introduced.
[0024] As used in the following description and claims, "visible
precipitates" or "flocs" refers to flocculated matter which is
generally opaque in nature. Although not necessarily solid or
compact, such flocs are sufficiently large to be noticeable by the
unaided eye, typically, not less than about 0.4 mm when measured
along their shortest axis.
I. COMPOSITIONS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0025] A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a
rinse added fabric conditioning composition comprising a fabric
softener active, a suds suppressing system and a surfactant
scavenger, characterized in that the composition has a suds
reduction value of at least about 90%, does not form flocs and
delivers a soft hand to the fabrics when added to a rinse solution
containing surfactant residue.
[0026] A. Fabric Softener Active
[0027] Typical levels of incorporation of the softening compound
(active) in the softening composition are from about 1% to about
90%, preferably from about 1% to about 70%, more preferably from
about 1% to about 40%, and even more preferably between about 2%
and about 25%, by weight of the composition.
[0028] The softening compounds can be selected from cationic,
nonionic, and/or amphoteric compounds. Typical of the cationic
softening compounds are the quaternary ammonium compounds or amine
precursors thereof as defined hereinafter.
[0029] 1. Preferred Fabric Softening Active Compounds
[0030] A first preferred type of fabric softening active comprises,
as the principal active, compounds of the formula
{R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n--Y--R.sup.1].sub.m}X.sup.-
(1)
[0031] wherein each R substituent is either hydrogen, a short chain
C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and the like,
poly (C.sub.2-.sub.3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy, benzyl, or
mixtures thereof; each m is 2 or 3; each n is from 1 to about 4,
preferably 2; each Y is --O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or
--C(O)--MR--; the sum of carbons in each R.sup.1, plus one when Y
is --O--(O)C-- or --NR--C(O)--, is C.sub.12-C.sub.22, preferably
C.sub.14-C.sub.20, with each R.sup.1 being a hydrocarbyl, or
substituted hydrocarbyl group, and X.sup.- can be any
softener-compatible anion, preferably, chloride, bromide,
methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably
chloride or methyl sulfate;
[0032] A second type of preferred fabric softening active has the
general formula:
[R.sub.3N.sup.+CH.sub.2CH(YR.sup.1)(CH.sub.2YR.sup.1)]X.sup.-
[0033] wherein each Y, R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same
meanings as before. Such compounds include those having the
formula:
[CH.sub.3].sub.3N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2O(O)CR.sup.1)O(O)CR.sup.1]Cl.-
sup.(-) (2)
[0034] wherein each R is a methyl or ethyl group and preferably
each R.sup.1 is in the range of C.sub.15 to C.sub.19. As used
herein, when the diester is specified, it can include the monoester
that is present.
[0035] These types of agents and general methods of making them are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180, Naik et al., issued Jan. 30,
1979, which is incorporated herein by reference. An example of a
preferred DEQA (2) is the "propyl" ester quaternary ammonium fabric
softener active having the formula
1,2-di(acyloxy)-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride.
[0036] A third type of preferred fabric softening active has the
formula:
[R.sub.4-m--N.sup.+--R.sup.1.sub.m]X.sup.- (3)
[0037] wherein each R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same meanings
as before.
[0038] A fourth type of preferred fabric softening active has the
formula: 1
[0039] wherein each R, R.sup.1, and A.sup.- have the definitions
given above; each R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-.sub.6 alkylene group,
preferably an ethylene group; and G is an oxygen atom or an --NR--
group;
[0040] A fifth type of preferred fabric softening active has the
formula: 2
[0041] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G are defined as above.
[0042] A sixth type of preferred fabric softening active are
condensation reaction products of fatty acids with
dialkylenetriamines in, e.g., a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said
reaction products containing compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--(O)--NH--R.sup.2--NH--R.sup.3--NH--C(O)--R.sup.1 (6)
[0043] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are defined as above, and each
R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-.sub.6 alkylene group, preferably an ethylene
group and wherein the reaction products may optionally be
quaternized by the additional of an alkylating agent such as
dimethyl sulfate. Such quaternized reaction products are described
in additional detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,296,622, issued Mar. 22,
1994 to Uphues et al., which is incorporated herein by
reference;
[0044] A seventh type of preferred fabric softening active has the
formula:
[R.sup.1--C(O)--NR--R.sup.2--N(R).sub.2--R.sup.3--NR--C(O)--R.sup.1].sup.+-
A.sup.- (7)
[0045] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and A.sup.- are defined
as above;
[0046] An eighth type of preferred fabric softening active are
reaction products of fatty acid with hydroxyalkylalkylenediamines
in a molecular ratio of about 2:1, said reaction products
containing compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--R.sup.2--N(R.sup.3OH)--C(O)--R.sup.1 (8)
[0047] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined as
above;
[0048] A nineth type of preferred fabric softening active has the
formula: 3
[0049] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and A.sup.- are defined as
above.
[0050] Non-limiting examples of compound (1) are
N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethy- l) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride,
N,N-bis(tallowoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride,
N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N-(2 hydroxyethyl) N-methyl ammonium
methylsulfate.
[0051] Non-limiting examples of compound (2) is 1,2 di
(stearoyl-oxy) 3 trimethyl ammoniumpropane chloride.
[0052] Non-limiting examples of Compound (3) are
dialkylenedimethylammoniu- m salts such as dicanoladimethylammonium
chloride, di(hard)tallowdimethyla- mmonium chloride
dicanoladimethylammonium methylsulfate,. An example of commercially
available dialkylenedimethylammonium salts usable in the present
invention is dioleyldimethylammonium chloride available from Witco
Corporation under the trade name Adogen.RTM. 472 and dihardtallow
dimethylammonium chloride available from Akzo Nobel Arquad
2HT75.
[0053] A non-limiting example of Compound (4) is
1-methyl-1-stearoylamidoe- thyl-2-stearoylimidazolinium
methylsulfate wherein R.sup.1 is an acyclic aliphatic
C.sub.15-C.sub.17 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is an ethylene group,
G is a NH group, R.sup.5 is a methyl group and A.sup.- is a methyl
sulfate anion, available commercially from the Witco Corporation
under the trade name Varisoft.RTM..
[0054] A non-limiting example of Compound (5) is
1-tallowylamidoethyl-2-ta- llowylimidazoline wherein R.sup.1 is an
acyclic aliphatic C.sub.15-C.sub.17 hydrocarbon group, R.sup.2 is
an ethylene group, and G is a NH group.
[0055] A non-limiting example of Compound (6) is the reaction
products of fatty acids with diethylenetriamine in a molecular
ratio of about 2:1, said reaction product mixture containing
N,N"-dialkyldiethylenetriamine with the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--NH--C(O)--R.sup-
.1
[0056] wherein R.sup.1--C(O) is an alkyl group of a commercially
available fatty acid derived from a vegetable or animal source,
such as Emersol.RTM. 223LL or Emersol.RTM. 7021, available from
Henkel Corporation, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are divalent ethylene
groups.
[0057] A non-limiting example of Compound (7) is a difatty
amidoamine based softener having the formula:
[R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH)--CH.-
sub.2CH.sub.2NH--C(O)--R.sup.1].sup.+CH.sub.3SO.sub.4.sup.-
[0058] wherein R.sup.1--C(O) is an alkyl group, available
commercially from the Witco Corporation e.g. under the trade name
Varisoft.RTM. 222LT.
[0059] An example of Compound (8) is the reaction products of fatty
acids with N-2-hydroxyethylethylenediamine in a molecular ratio of
about 2:1, said reaction product mixture containing a compound of
the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH)--C(O)--R.sup.1
[0060] wherein R.sup.1--C(O) is an alkyl group of a commercially
available fatty acid derived from a vegetable or animal source,
such as Emersol.RTM. 223LL or Emersol.RTM. 7021, available from
Henkel Corporation.
[0061] An example of Compound (9) is the diquaternary compound
having the formula: 4
[0062] wherein R.sup.1 is derived from fatty acid, and the compound
is available from Witco Company.
[0063] It will be understood that combinations of softener actives
disclosed above are suitable for use in this invention.
Anion A
[0064] In the cationic nitrogenous salts herein, the anion A.sup.-,
which is any softener compatible anion, provides electrical
neutrality. Most often, the anion used to provide electrical
neutrality in these salts is from a strong acid, especially a
halide, such as chloride, bromide, or iodide. However, other anions
can be used, such as methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, formate,
sulfate, carbonate, and the like. Chloride and methylsulfate are
preferred herein as anion A. The anion can also, but less
preferably, carry a double charge in which case A.sup.- represents
half a group.
[0065] B. Suds Suppressing System
[0066] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reduction of
the suds is achieved by use of a suds suppressing system. The suds
suppressing system is preferably present at a level of from about
0.01% to about 10%, more preferably from about 0.02% to about 5%,
most preferably from about 0.05% to about 2% by weight of the
composition. Such suds suppressing systems are even more desired
components of the compositions of the invention when the detergent
liquor is made of detergent which comprises a surfactant system
that comprises high foaming surfactant, such as the conventional
C.sub.11-C.sub.18 alkyl benzene sulfonates ("LAS").
[0067] A wide variety of materials may be used as suds suppressers,
and suds suppressers are well known to those skilled in the art.
See, for example, Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,
Third Edition, Volume 7, pages 430-447 (John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., 1979).
[0068] Suitable suds suppressing systems for use herein may
comprise essentially any known antifoam compound, including, for
example silicone antifoam compounds, alcohol antifoam compounds
like 2-alkyl alcanol antifoam compounds, fatty acids, paraffin
antifoam compounds, and mixtures thereof.
[0069] By antifoam compound it is meant herein any compound or
mixtures of compounds which act such as to depress the foaming or
sudsing produced by a solution of a detergent composition,
particularly in the presence of agitation of that solution.
[0070] Particularly preferred antifoam compounds for use herein are
silicone antifoam compounds defined herein as any antifoam compound
including a silicone component. Such silicone antifoam compounds
also typically contain a silica component. The term "silicone" as
used herein, and in general throughout the industry, encompasses a
variety of relatively high molecular weight polymers containing
siloxane units and hydrocarbyl group of various types like the
polyorganosiloxane oils, such as polydimethyl-siloxane, dispersions
or emulsions of polyorganosiloxane oils or resins, and combinations
of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles wherein the
polyorganosiloxane is chemisorbed or fused onto the silica.
Silicone suds suppressers are well known in the art and are, for
example, disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,779, issued May 5, 1981
to Gandolfo et al and European Patent Application No. 89307851.9,
published Feb. 7, 1990, by Starch, M. S. Other silicone suds
suppressers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,455,839 which relates
to compositions and processes for defoaming aqueous solutions by
incorporating therein small amounts of polydimethylsiloxane fluids.
Mixtures of silicone and silanated silica are described, for
instance, in German Patent Application DOS 2,124,526. Silicone
defoamers and suds controlling agents in granular detergent
compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,933,672, Bartolotta
et al, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,652,392, Baginski et al, issued Mar.
24, 1987.
[0071] Examples of suitable silicone antifoam compounds are the
combinations of polyorganosiloxane with silica particles
commercially available from Dow Corning, Wacker Chemie and General
Electric.
[0072] Other suitable antifoam compounds include the monocarboxylic
fatty acids and soluble salts thereof. These materials are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,954,347, issued Sep. 27, 1960 to Wayne
St. John. The monocarboxylic fatty acids, and salts thereof, for
use as suds suppressing system typically have hydrocarbyl chains of
about 10 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms like the tallow amphopolycarboxyglycinate commercially
available under the trade name TAPAC. Suitable salts include the
alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium salts,
and ammonium and alkanolammonium salts.
[0073] Other suitable antifoam compounds include, for example, high
molecular weight hydrocarbons such as paraffin, light petroleum
odorless hydrocarbons, fatty esters (e.g. fatty acid triglycerides,
glyceryl derivatives, polysorbates), fatty acid esters of
monovalent alcohols, aliphatic C.sub.18-C.sub.40 ketones (e.g.
stearone) N-alkylated amino triazines such as tri- to
hexa-alkylmelamines or di- to tetra alkyldiamine chlortriazines
formed as products of cyanuric chloride with two or three moles of
a primary or secondary amine containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms,
propylene oxide, bis stearic acid amide and monostearyl phosphates
such as monostearyl alcohol phosphate ester and monostearyl
di-alkali metal (e.g., K, Na, and Li) phosphates and phosphate
esters, and nonionic polyhydroxyl derivatives. The hydrocarbons,
such as paraffin and haloparaffin, can be utilized in liquid form.
The liquid hydrocarbons will be liquid at room temperature and
atmospheric pressure, and will have a pour point in the range of
about -40.degree. C. and about 5.degree. C., and a minimum boiling
point not less than about 110.degree. C. (atmospheric pressure). It
is also known to utilize waxy hydrocarbons, preferably having a
melting point below about 100.degree. C. Hydrocarbon suds
suppressers are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,779,
issued May 5, 1981 to Gandolfo et al. The hydrocarbons, thus,
include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, and heterocyclic saturated
or unsaturated hydrocarbons having from about 12 to about 70 carbon
atoms. The term "paraffin", as used in this suds suppresser
discussion, is intended to include mixtures of true paraffins and
cyclic hydrocarbons.
[0074] Copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide,
particularly the mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols with
an alkyl chain length of from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, a
degree of ethoxylation of from about 3 to about 30 and a degree of
propoxylation of from about 1 to about 10, are also suitable
antifoam compounds for use herein.
[0075] Other suds suppressers useful herein comprise the secondary
alcohols (e.g., 2-alkyl alkanols as described in DE 40 21 265) and
mixtures of such alcohols with silicone oils, such as the silicones
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,679, 4,075,118 and EP 150,872. The
secondary alcohols include the C.sub.6-C.sub.16 alkyl alcohols
having a C.sub.1-C.sub.16 chain like the 2-Hexyldecanol
commercially available under the trade name ISOFOL16,
2-Octyldodecanol commercially available under the tradename
ISOFOL20, and 2-butyl octanol, which is available under the
trademark ISOFOL 12 from Condea. A preferred alcohol is 2-butyl
octanol, which is available from Condea under the trademark ISOFOL
12. Mixtures of secondary alcohols are available under the
trademark ISALCHEM 123 from Enichem. Mixed suds suppressers
typically comprise mixtures of alcohol to silicone at a weight
ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:1.
[0076] Other suitable antifoams, described in the literature such
as in Hand Book of Food Additives, ISBN 0-566-07592-X, p. 804, are
selected from dimethicone, poloxamer, polypropyleneglycol, tallow
derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
[0077] Preferred among the suds suppressing systems described above
are the silicone antifoams, in particular the combinations of
polyorganosiloxane with silica particles.
C. Surfactant Scavenger
[0078] The preferred surfactant scavengers of the present invention
preferably include monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds and
amine precursors thereof, polyvinyl amines, polyquaternary ammonium
compounds and amine precursors thereof.
[0079] 1. Monoalkyl Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
[0080] A preferred composition of the present invention comprises
at least about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%, more
preferably from about 1% to about 20% by weight, of a scavenger
having the formula:
[0081] a) A first type of scavenger having the general formula:
{R.sub.3--N.sup.+--[(CH.sub.2).sub.n--Y--R.sup.1}X.sup.-
[0082] wherein each R substituent is independently either hydrogen,
a short chain C.sub.1-C.sub.6, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl or
hydroxyalkyl group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, hydroxyethyl, and
the like, poly (C.sub.2-3 alkoxy), preferably polyethoxy, benzyl,
or mixtures thereof; each n is from 1 to about 4, preferably 2;
each Y is --O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--NR--;
the sum of carbons in each R.sup.1, plus one when Y is --O--(O)C--
or --NR--C(O)--, is C.sub.8-C.sub.22, preferably C.sub.8-C.sub.20,
with each R.sup.1 being a hydrocarbyl, or substituted hydrocarbyl
group, and X.sup.- can be any softener-compatible anion,
preferably, chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate,
sulfate, and nitrate, more preferably chloride or methyl
sulfate;
[0083] b) A second type of scavenger having the general
formula:
[R.sub.3N.sup.+CH.sub.2CH(YR.sup.1)(CH.sub.2YR.sup.1)]X.sup.-
[0084] wherein each Y, R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same
meanings as before and wherein one YR.sup.1.dbd.OH. Such compounds
include those having the formula:
[CH.sub.3].sub.3N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2OH)O(O)CR.sup.1]Cl.sup.(-)
[0085] or
[CH.sub.3].sub.3N.sup.(+)[CH.sub.2CH(CH.sub.2O(O)C
R.sup.1)OH]Cl.sup.(-)
[0086] wherein each R is a methyl or ethyl group and preferably
each R.sup.1 is in the range of C.sub.7 to C.sub.19.
[0087] c) scavengers having the formula:
[R.sub.3--N.sup.+--R.sup.1]X.sup.-
[0088] wherein each R, R.sup.1, and X.sup.- have the same meanings
as before. 5
[0089] wherein each R, R.sup.1 and A.sup.- have the definitions
given above; each R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, preferably
an ethylene group; and G is an oxygen atom or an --NR-- group.
[0090] or 6
[0091] wherein each R, R.sup.1 and A.sup.- have the definitions
given above; each R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, preferably
an ethylene group; and K is an OH or an --NR.sub.2 group.
[0092] e) scavenger having the formula: 7
[0093] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G are defined as above;
[0094] or 8
[0095] wherein R.sup.1,R.sup.2 and K are defined as above.
[0096] f) reaction products of fatty acids with dialkylenetriamines
in, e.g., a molecular ratio of about 1:1, said reaction products
containing compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--R.sup.2--NH--R.sup.3--NH--(O)--R
[0097] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 are defined as above, and each
R.sup.3 is a C.sub.1-6 alkylene group, preferably an ethylene group
such as diethylenetriamine or N-hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine. Such
reaction products may optionally be quaternized by addition of an
alkylation agent such as dimethyl sulfate. Quaternized reaction
products are described in additional detail in U.S. Pat. No.
5,296,622, issued Mar. 22, 1994 to Uphues et al., which is
incorporated herein by reference;
[0098] g) scavenger having the formula:
[R.sup.1--C(O)--NR--R.sup.2--N(R).sub.2--R.sup.3--NR--C(O)--R].sup.+A.sup.-
-
[0099] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and A.sup.- are defined
as above;
[0100] h) the reaction product of fatty acid with
hydroxyalkylalkylenediam- ines in a molecular ratio of about 1:1,
said reaction products containing compounds of the formula:
R.sup.1--C(O)--NH--R.sup.2--N(R.sup.3OH)--C(O)--R
[0101] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined as
above;
[0102] i) scavenger having the formula: 9
[0103] wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and A.sup.- are defined as
above.
[0104] Where the fabric softener used in the compositions of the
present invention is a dialkyl substituted quaternary ammonium
compound and the surfactant scavenger is a monoalkyl quaternary
ammonium compound, it is preferred that the fabric softening active
and surfactant scavenger be prepared together from the same
starting materials via standard reaction chemistry. Where the
fabric softening active is a reaction product of fatty acids and
oligamines, the mole ratio of fatty acid to amine is less than
about 2:1, preferably between about 1.6:1 to about 0.8:1, and more
preferably between about 1.6:1 and about 1:1, to obtain a mixture
of mono- and dialkyl substituted compounds. More generally, by
selecting a monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound that is a
variant of the fabric softening active compound, the final
composition is less likely to experience phase separation. Not to
be bound by theory, but it has been observed that the monoalkyl
quaternary ammonium compound can have a tendency to form micelles
in the finished product. By selecting a monoalkyl quaternary
ammonium compound that is compatible with or a variant of the
fabric softening active, the tendency of the monoalkyl quaternary
ammonium compound to form micelles and thereby induce separation is
significantly reduced. Therefore, it is preferred that the fabric
softening actives and surfactant scavengers used in the
compositions of the present invention be synthesized in a common
reaction from the same starting materials.
[0105] It will be understood that all combinations of scavenger
structures disclosed above are suitable for use in this
invention.
Anion A
[0106] In the cationic nitrogenous salts herein, the anion A.sup.-,
which is any softener compatible anion, provides electrical
neutrality. Most often, the anion used to provide electrical
neutrality in these salts is from a strong acid, especially a
halide, such as chloride, bromide, or iodide. However, other anions
can be used, such as methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, acetate, formate,
sulfate, carbonate, and the like. Chloride and methylsulfate are
preferred herein as anion A. The anion can also, but less
preferably, carry a double charge in which case A.sup.- represents
half a group.
[0107] 2. Polyvinyl Amines
[0108] A preferred composition according to the present invention
contains at least about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about
5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 20% by weight, of one
or more polyvinyl amines having the formula 10
[0109] wherein y is from about 3 to about 10,000, preferably from
about 10 to about 5,000, more preferably from about 20 to about
500. Polyvinyl amines suitable for use in the present invention are
available from BASF.
[0110] Optionally, one or more of the polyvinyl amine backbone
--NH.sub.2 unit hydrogens can be substituted by an acyl group
having the formula --(C(O)--R)-- where R is as defined as above or
an alkyleneoxy unit having the formula:
--(R.sup.1O).sub.XR.sup.2
[0111] wherein R.sup.1 is C.sub.2-C.sub.4 alkylene, R.sup.2 is
hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof; x is from 1
to 50. In one embodiment or the present invention the polyvinyl
amine is reacted first with a substrate which places a
2-propyleneoxy unit directly on the nitrogen followed by reaction
of one or more moles of ethylene oxide to form a unit having the
general formula: 11
[0112] wherein x has the value of from about 1 to about 50.
Substitutions such as the above are represented by the abbreviated
formula PO--EO.sub.x--. However, more than one propyleneoxy unit
can be incorporated into the alkyleneoxy substituent.
[0113] 3. Poly-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds and Amine Precursors
Thereof
[0114] A preferred composition of the present invention comprises
at least about 0.2%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, more
preferably from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, of a scavenger
having the formula: 12
[0115] wherein R is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.12
alkylene, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.12
hydroxyalkylene; each R.sup.1 is independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl or hydrogen, each R.sup.2 is
independently C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.22 alkenyl,
hydrogen, R.sup.5--Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.m--- , wherein R.sup.5 is
C.sub.1-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.22 alkenyl, and mixtures
thereof; m is from 1 to about 6; each Y is --O--(O)C--,
--C(O)--O--, --NR--C(O)--, or --C(O)--MR--; X is an anion.
[0116] Preferably R is ethylene or propylene; R.sup.1 is methyl or
ethyl, more preferably methyl; at least one R.sup.2 is preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl, more preferably methyl. Preferably at least
one R.sup.2 is C.sub.11-C.sub.22 alkyl, C.sub.11-C.sub.22 alkenyl,
and mixtures thereof.
[0117] The formulator may similarly choose R.sup.2 to be a
R.sup.5--Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-- moiety wherein R.sup.5 is an alkyl
moiety having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably the alkyl
moiety when taken together with the Y unit is an acyl unit derived
preferably from a source of triglyceride selected from the group
consisting of tallow, (partially) hydrogenated tallow, lard,
(partially) hydrogenated lard, vegetable oils and/or (partially)
hydrogenated vegetable oils, such as, coconut oil, palm oil, canola
oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean
oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, etc. and mixtures thereof.
[0118] An example of a polyquaternary ammonium scavenger comprising
a R.sup.5--Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-- moiety has the formula: 13
[0119] wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, one R.sup.2 units is methyl and
the other R.sup.2 unit is R.sup.5--Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.m-wherein
R.sup.5--Y-- is an oleoyl unit and m is equal to 2.
[0120] Another non-limiting example is the following: 14
[0121] wherein X.sup.- is a softener compatible anion, preferably
the anion of a strong acid, for example, chloride, bromide,
methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, sulfate, nitrate and mixtures thereof,
more preferably chloride and methyl sulfate.
[0122] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the
surfactant scavenger is the monoalkyl variant of the softener
active present. The surfactant scavenger and softener active are
prepared from the same starting materials via standard reaction
chemistry by adjusting the ratio fatty acid to amine to obtain the
preferred mixture of monoalkylsubstituted (scavenger) and
dialkylsubstituted (softener active) compounds. Non-limiting
examples of such compounds are the reaction products of fatty acid
with methyl diethanolamine in a ratio between about 2:1 and about
1:1, quatemized with methyl chloride, resulting in a mixture of
N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride and
N-(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,-hydroxyethyl N,N dimethyl ammonium
chloride. This compound is referred to as LF-DEEDMAC.
[0123] D. Optional Adjunct Ingredients
[0124] 1. Dispersing Agents
[0125] The fabric conditioning compositions of the present
invention may comprise an optional dispersant for suspending
materials in the rinse and inhibiting their deposition on the
laundered fabrics. Dispersing agents can advantageously be utilized
at levels from about 0% to about 7%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 5%, and even more preferably from about 0.2% to about
3% by weight, in the compositions described herein. Preferably, the
optional dispersing agent will be substantially water soluble.
[0126] Suitable nonionic surfactants to serve as the dispersing
agent include addition products of ethylene oxide and, optionally,
propylene oxide, with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines,
etc. They are referred to herein as ethoxylated fatty alcohols,
ethoxylated fatty acids, and ethoxylated fatty amines. Any of the
ethoxylated materials of the particular type described hereinafter
can be used as the nonionic surfactant. Suitable compounds are
surfactants of the general formula:
R.sup.1--Y--(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.Z--C.sub.2H.sub.4OH
[0127] wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of
primary, secondary and branched chain alkyl and/or acyl and/or acyl
hydrocarbyl groups; primary, secondary and branched chain alkenyl
hydrocarbyl groups, and primary, secondary and branched chain
alkyl- and alkenyl substituted phenolic hydrocarbyl groups; said
hydrocarbyl groups having a hydrocarbyl chain length of from about
8 to about 20, preferably from about 9 to about 18 carbon atoms. In
the general formula for the ethoxylated nonionic surfactants herein
Y is typically --O--, --C(O)O--, preferably --O--, and in which
R.sup.1, when present, have the meanings given hereinbefore, and z
is preferably at least about 4, more preferably about 7 to about
25.
[0128] Also suited are compounds having the general formula:
R.sup.1O(CH(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.yR.sup.3
or
R.sup.1O(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH(R.sup.2)CH.sub.2O).sub.yR.sup.3
[0129] wherein R.sup.1 is defined as above; R.sup.2 is a
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl unit; and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or
C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl. The individual alkoxy monomers can be
arranged blockwise or randomly. Non-limiting examples are the
Plurafac surfactants from BASF.
[0130] Also suited as dispersing agent are the so-called
Propyleneoxide/ethyleneoxide block copolymers, having the following
general structure:
HO(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.x(CH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2O).sub.y(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O-
).sub.zH
[0131] Non-limiting examples are the Pluronic PE compounds from
BASF.
[0132] 2. Stabilizers
[0133] In the presence of antifoam materials made of silicone, it
is preferred to use a component that will provide a good
stabilization of the silicone antifoam and hence of the
composition. Typical levels of stabilizing agents are of from about
0.01% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 8%, more
preferably from about 0.1% to about 6% by weight of the
composition.
[0134] Suitable stabilizing agents to be used herein include
synthetic and naturally occurring polymers. Suitable stabilizing
agents for use herein include xanthan gum or derivatives thereof,
alginate or a derivative thereof, polysaccharide polymers such as
substituted cellulose materials like ethoxylated cellulose,
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl
cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof. Xanthan gum
is a particularly preferred stabilizer.
[0135] Preferred stabilizing agents for use in the compositions of
the invention are xanthan gum or derivatives thereof sold by the
Kelco Division of Merck under the trade names KELTROL.RTM., KELZAN
AR.RTM., KELZAN D35.RTM., KELZAN S.RTM., KELZAN XZ.RTM. and the
like.
[0136] Polymeric soil release agents are also useful in the present
invention as stabilizing agents. These include cellulosic
derivatives such as hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, ethoxylated
cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and the like. Such
agents are commercially available and include hydroxyethers of
cellulose such as METHOCEL (Dow). Cellulosic soil release agents
for use herein also include those selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and C4 hydroxyalkyl cellulose;
see U.S. Pat. No. 4,000,093, issued Dec. 28, 1976 to Nicol, et
al.
[0137] 3. pH Control Agents
[0138] The pH of the compositions may be adjusted by the use of
various pH acidification agents. Preferred acidification agents
include inorganic and organic acids including, for example,
carboxylate acids, such as citric and succinic acids, Highly
preferred acidification agents are inorganic acids such as
hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid. Such acidification agents
will be used at levels needed to adjust the pH of the composition
to a preferred level. Typically, the level of the acidification
agent will be about 0.01% to about 0.02% by weight of the
composition.
[0139] 4. Metal Ion Control Agents
[0140] Heavy metal ion (HMI) sequestrants are useful components
herein for optimum whiteness and HMI control. By heavy metal ion
sequestrants it is meant components which act to sequester
(chelate) heavy metal ions. These components may also have calcium
and magnesium chelation capacity, but preferentially they bind
heavy metal ions such as iron, manganese and copper. These
compounds are even more desired when the water is a tap water of
low quality and consequently that which comprises a high level of
HMI.
[0141] Heavy metal ion sequestrants are preferably present at a
level of from about 0.005% to about 20%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 10%, most preferably from about 0.2% to about 5% by
weight of the compositions.
[0142] Heavy metal ion sequestrants, which are acidic in nature,
having for example phosphonic acid or carboxylic acid
functionalities, may be present either in their acid form or as a
complex/salt with a suitable counter cation such as an alkali or
alkaline metal ion, ammonium, or substituted ammonium ion, or any
mixtures thereof. Preferably any salts/complexes are water soluble.
The molar ratio of said counter cation to the heavy metal ion
sequestrant is preferably at least about 1:1.
[0143] Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrants for use herein include
the organo aminophosphonates, such as the amino alkylene poly
(alkylene phosphonates) and nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates.
Preferred organo aminophosphonates are diethylene triamine penta
(methylene phosphonate) and hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene
phosphonate).
[0144] Other suitable heavy metal ion sequestrants for use herein
include nitrilotriacetic acid and polyaminocarboxylic acids such as
ethylenediaminotetracetic acid, ethylenetriamine pentacetic acid,
or ethylenediamine disuccinic acid. A further suitable material is
ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), most preferably
present in the form of its S,S isomer, which is preferred for its
biodegradability profile. Still other suitable heavy metal ion
sequestrants for use herein are iminodiacetic acid derivatives such
as 2-hydroxyethyl diacetic acid or glyceryl imino diacetic acid,
described in EPA 317 542 and EPA 399 133.
[0145] 5. Colorants & Brighteners
[0146] a) Dyes
[0147] The compositions of the present invention may optionally
contain a dye or other colorant to improve the aesthetics of the
composition. When present, a dye will preferably comprise less than
about 0.005% by weight of the composition, and even more preferably
less than about 0.002%. Dyes are well known in the art and are
available from a variety of commercial sources.
[0148] b) Brighteners
[0149] Commercial optical brighteners which may be useful in the
present invention can be classified into subgroups, which include,
but are not necessarily limited to, derivatives of stilbene,
pyrazoline, coumarin, carboxylic acid, methinecyanines,
dibenzothiphene-5,5-dioxide, azoles, 5-and 6-membered-ring
heterocycles, and other miscellaneous agents. Examples of such
brighteners are disclosed in "The Production and Application of
Fluorescent Brightening Agents", M. Zahradnik, Published by John
Wiley & Sons, New York (1982).
[0150] Specific examples of optical brighteners which are useful in
the present compositions are those identified in U.S. Pat. No.
4,790,856, issued to Wixon on Dec. 13, 1988. These brighteners
include the PHORWHITE series of brighteners from Verona. Other
brighteners disclosed in this reference include: Tinopal UNPA,
Tinopal CBS and Tinopal 5BM; available from Ciba-Geigy; Artic White
CC and Artic White CWD, available from Hilton-Davis, located in
Italy; the 2-(4-stryl-phenyl)-2H-napthol[1,2-d]t- riazoles;
4,4'-bis-(1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-stil- benes;
4,4'-bis(stryl)bisphenyls; and the aminocoumarins. Specific
examples of these brighteners include 4-methyl-7-diethyl- amino
coumarin; 1,2-bis(-venzimidazol-2-yl)ethylene;
1,3-diphenyl-phrazolines; 2,5-bis(benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene;
2-stryl-napth-[1,2-d]oxazole; and 2-(stilbene-4-yl)-2H-naphtho-
[1,2-d]triazole. See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,646,015, issued Feb. 29,
1972 to Hamilton. Anionic brighteners are preferred herein.
[0151] More specifically, the hydrophilic optical brighteners
useful in the present invention are those having the structural
formula: 15
[0152] wherein R.sub.1 is selected from anilino,
N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and NH-2-hydroxyethyl; R.sub.2 is selected
from N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl, N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino,
morphilino, chloro and amino; and M is a salt-forming cation such
as sodium or potassium.
[0153] When in the above formula, R.sub.1 is anilino, R.sub.2 is
N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl and M is a cation such as sodium, the
brightener is
4,4',-bis[(4-anilino-6-(N-2-bis-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]-2,2'-
-stilbenedisulfonic acid and disodium salt. This particular
brightener species is commercially marketed under the trade name
Tinopal-UNPA-GX.RTM. by Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Tinopal-UNPA-GX is
the preferred hydrophilic optical brightener useful in the rinse
added compositions herein.
[0154] When in the above formula, R.sub.1 is anilino, R.sub.2 is
N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-2-methylamino and M is a cation such as sodium,
the brightener is
4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-(N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)-s-tr-
iazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid disodium salt. This
particular brightener species is commercially marketed under the
tradename Tinopal 5BM-GX.RTM. by Ciba-Geigy Corporation.
[0155] When in the above formula, R.sub.1 is anilino, R.sub.2 is
morphilino and M is a cation such as sodium, the brightener is
4,4'-bis[(4-anilino-6-morphilino-s-triazine-2-yl)amino]2,2'-stilbenedisul-
fonic acid, sodium salt. This particular brightener species is
commercially marketed under the tradename Tinopal AMS-GX.RTM. by
Ciba Geigy Corporation.
[0156] 6. Odor Control Agent
[0157] Materials for use in odor control may be of the type
disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,534,165; 5,578,563; 5,663,134;
5,668,097; 5,670,475; and 5,714,137, Trinh et al. issued Jul. 9,
1996; Nov. 26, 1996; Sep. 2, 1997; Sep. 16, 1997; Sep. 23, 1997;
and Feb. 3, 1998 respectively, all of said patents being
incorporated herein by reference. Such compositions can contain
several different optional odor control agents.
[0158] a) Pro-perfumes
[0159] A pro-perfume may be useful in order to mask malodor. A
pro-perfume is defined as a perfume precursor that releases a
desirable odor and/or perfume molecule through the breaking of a
chemical bond. Typically to form a pro-perfume, a desired perfume
raw material is chemically linked with a carrier, preferably a
slightly volatile or a sparingly volatile carrier. The combination
results in a less volatile and more hydrophobic pro-perfume which
results in increased deposition onto the fabric article. The
perfume is then released by breaking the bond between the perfume
raw material and the carrier either through a change in pH (e.g.,
due to perspiration during wear), air moisture, heat, enzymatic
action and/or sunlight during storage or line drying. Thus, malodor
is effectively masked by the release of the perfume raw
material.
[0160] A perfume raw material for use in pro-perfumes are typically
saturated or unsaturated, volatile compounds which contain an
alcohol, an aldehyde, and/or a ketone group. The perfume raw
materials useful herein include any fragrant substance or mixture
of substances including natural (i.e., obtained by extraction of
flowers, herbs, leaves, roots, barks, wood, blossoms or plants),
artificial (i.e., a mixture of different nature oils or oil
constituents) and synthetic (i.e., synthetically produced)
odoriferous substances. Such materials are often accompanied by
auxiliary materials, such as fixatives, extenders, stabilizers and
solvents. These auxiliaries are also included within the meaning of
"perfume", as used herein. Typically, perfumes are complex mixtures
of a plurality of organic compounds.
[0161] b) Cyclodextrin
[0162] As used herein, the term "cyclodextrin" includes any of the
known cyclodextrins such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing
from six to twelve glucose units, especially, alpha-cyclodextrin,
beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives
and/or mixtures thereof. The alpha-cyclodextrin consists of six
glucose units, the beta-cyclodextrin consists of seven glucose
units, and the gamma-cyclodextrin consists of eight glucose units
arranged in donut-shaped rings. The specific coupling and
conformation of the glucose units give the cyclodextrins rigid,
conical molecular structures with hollow interiors of specific
volumes. The "lining" of each internal cavity is formed by hydrogen
atoms and glycosidic bridging oxygen atoms; therefore, this surface
is fairly hydrophobic. The unique shape and physical-chemical
properties of the cavity enable the cyclodextrin molecules to
absorb (form inclusion complexes with) organic molecules or parts
of organic molecules which can fit into the cavity. Many odorous
molecules can fit into the cavity including many malodorous
molecules and perfume molecules. Therefore, cyclodextrins, and
especially mixtures of cyclodextrins with different size cavities,
can be used to control odors caused by a broad spectrum of organic
odoriferous materials, which may, or may not, contain reactive
functional groups.
[0163] The complexing between cyclodextrin and odorous molecules
occurs rapidly in the presence of water. However, the extent of the
complex formation also depends on the polarity of the absorbed
molecules. In an aqueous solution, strongly hydrophilic molecules
(those which are highly water-soluble) are only partially absorbed,
if at all. Therefore, cyclodextrin does not complex effectively
with some very low molecular weight organic amines and acids when
they are present at low levels. As the water is being removed
however, e.g., the fabric is being dried off, some low molecular
weight organic amines and acids have more affinity and will complex
with the cyclodextrins more readily.
[0164] Cyclodextrins that are useful in the present invention are
highly water-soluble such as, alpha-cyclodextrin and/or derivatives
thereof, gamma-cyclodextrin and/or derivatives thereof, derivatised
beta-cyclodextrins, and/or mixtures thereof. The derivatives of
cyclodextrin consist mainly of molecules wherein some of the OH
groups are converted to OR groups. Cyclodextrin derivatives
include, e.g., those with short chain alkyl groups such as
methylated cyclodextrins, and ethylated cyclodextrins, wherein R is
a methyl or an ethyl group; those with hydroxyalkyl substituted
groups, such as hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins and/or hydroxyethyl
cyclodextrins, wherein R is a --CH.sub.2--CH(OH)--CH.- sub.3 or a
.sup.-CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--OH group; branched cyclodextrins such as
maltose-bonded cyclodextrins; cationic cyclodextrins such as those
containing 2-hydroxy-3-(dimethylamino)propyl ether, wherein R is
CH.sub.2--CH(OH)--CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 which is cationic at
low pH; quaternary ammonium, e.g.,
2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propyl ether chloride groups, wherein
R is CH.sub.2--CH(OH)--CH.sub.2--N.sup.+(CH.sub.- 3).sub.3C.sup.-;
anionic cyclodextrins such as carboxymethyl cyclodextrins,
cyclodextrin sulfates, and cyclodextrin succinylates; amphoteric
cyclodextrins such as carboxymethyl/quaternary ammonium
cyclodextrins; cyclodextrins wherein at least one glucopyranose
unit has a 3-6-anhydro-cyclomalto structure, e.g., the
mono-3-6-anhydrocyclodextri- ns, as disclosed in "Optimal
Performances with Minimal Chemical Modification of Cyclodextrins",
F. Diedaini-Pilard and B. Perly, The 7th International Cyclodextrin
Symposium Abstracts, April 1994, p. 49, said references being
incorporated herein by reference; and mixtures thereof. Other
cyclodextrin derivatives are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.:
3,426,011; 3,453,257; 3,453,258; 3,453,259; 3,453,260; 3,459,731;
3,553,191; 3,565,887; 4,535,152; 4,616,008; 4,678,598; 4,638,058;
and 4,746,734.
[0165] Highly water-soluble cyclodextrins are those having water
solubility of at least about 10 g in 100 ml of water at room
temperature, preferably at least about 20 g in 100 ml of water,
more preferably at least about 25 g in 100 ml of water at room
temperature. The availability of solubilized, uncomplexed
cyclodextrins is essential for effective and efficient odor control
performance. Solubilized, water-soluble cyclodextrin can exhibit
more efficient odor control performance than non-water-soluble
cyclodextrin when deposited onto surfaces, especially fabric.
[0166] Examples of preferred water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives
suitable for use herein are hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin,
methylated alpha-cyclodextrin, methylated beta-cyclodextrin,
hydroxyethyl beta-cyclodextrin, and hydroxypropyl
beta-cyclodextrin. Hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrin derivatives preferably
have a degree of substitution of from about 1 to about 14, more
preferably from about 1.5 to about 7, wherein the total number of
OR groups per cyclodextrin is defined as the degree of
substitution. Methylated cyclodextrin derivatives typically have a
degree of substitution of from about 1 to about 18, preferably from
about 3 to about 16. A known methylated beta-cyclodextrin is
heptakis-2,6-di-O-methyl-.beta.cyclodextrin, commonly known as
DIMEB, in which each glucose unit has about 2 methyl groups with a
degree of substitution of about 14. A preferred, more commercially
available, methylated beta-cyclodextrin is a randomly methylated
beta-cyclodextrin, commonly known as RAMEB, having different
degrees of substitution, normally of about 12.6. RAMEB is more
preferred than DIMEB, since DIMEB affects the surface activity of
the preferred surfactants more than RAMEB. The preferred
cyclodextrins are available, e.g., from Cerestar USA, Inc. and
Wacker Chemicals (USA), Inc.
[0167] It is also preferable to use a mixture of cyclodextrins.
Such mixtures absorb odors more broadly by complexing with a wider
range of odoriferous molecules having a wider range of molecular
sizes. Preferably at least a portion of the cyclodextrins is
alpha-cyclodextrin and its derivatives thereof, gamma-cyclodextrin
and its derivatives thereof, and/or derivatised beta-cyclodextrin,
more preferably a mixture of alpha-cyclodextrin, or an
alpha-cyclodextrin derivative, and derivatised beta-cyclodextrin,
even more preferably a mixture of derivatised alpha-cyclodextrin
and derivatised beta-cyclodextrin, most preferably a mixture of
hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl
beta-cyclodextrin, and/or a mixture of methylated
alpha-cyclodextrin and methylated beta-cyclodextrin.
[0168] c) Perfume
[0169] As used herein the term "perfume" is used to indicate any
odoriferous material that is subsequently released into the aqueous
rinse bath solution and/or onto fabrics contacted therewith. The
perfume will most often be liquid at ambient temperatures. A wide
variety of chemicals are known for perfume uses, including
materials such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters. More commonly,
naturally occurring plant and animal oils and exudates comprising
complex mixtures of various chemical components are known for use
as perfumes. The perfumes herein can be relatively simple in their
compositions or can comprise highly sophisticated complex mixtures
of natural and synthetic chemical components, all chosen to provide
any desired odor. Typical perfumes can comprise, for example,
woody/earthy bases containing exotic materials such as sandalwood,
civet and patchouli oil. The perfumes can be of a light floral
fragrance, e.g. rose extract, violet extract, and lilac. The
perfumes can also be formulated to provide desirable fruity odors,
e.g. lime, lemon, and orange. Further, it is anticipated that
so-called "designer fragrances" that are typically applied directly
to the skin may be used in the compositions of the present
invention. Likewise, the perfumes may be selected for an
aromatherapy effect, such as providing a relaxing or invigorating
mood. As such, any material that exudes a pleasant or otherwise
desirable odor can be used as a perfume active in the compositions
of the present invention.
[0170] d) Mixtures Thereof
[0171] Mixtures of the optional odor control agents described above
are desirable, especially when the mixture provides control over a
broader range of odors.
[0172] 7. Solvents
[0173] Another optional, but preferred, ingredient is a liquid
carrier. The liquid carrier employed in the instant compositions is
preferably at least primarily water due to its low cost, relative
availability, safety, and environmental compatibility. The level of
water in the liquid carrier is preferably at least about 50%, most
preferably at least about 60%, by weight of the carrier. Mixtures
of water and low molecular weight, e.g., <about 200, organic
solvent, e.g., lower alcohols such as ethanol, propanol,
isopropanol or butanol are useful as the carrier liquid. Low
molecular weight alcohols include monohydric, dihydric (glycol,
etc.) trihydric (glycerol, etc.), and higher polyhydric (polyols)
alcohols.
[0174] 8. Soil Release Polymers
[0175] A soil release agent may optionally be incorporated into the
compositions. Preferably, such a soil release agent is a polymer.
One type of preferred soil release agent is a copolymer having
random blocks of ethylene terephthalate and polyethylene oxide
(PEO) terephthalate. The molecular weight of this polymeric soil
release agent is in the range of from about 25,000 to about 55,000.
Descriptions of such copolymers and their uses are provided in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,959,230 to Hays, issued May 25, 1976 and U.S. Pat. No.
3,893,929 to Basadur issued Jul. 8, 1975.
[0176] Another preferred soil release polymer is a crystallizable
polyester with repeating units of ethylene terephthalate containing
from about 10% to about 15% by weight of ethylene terephthalate
units together with from about 10% to about 50% by weight of
polyoxyethylene terephthalate units that are derived from a
polyoxyethylene glycol of average molecular weight of from about
300 to about 6,000. The molar ratio of ethylene terephthalate units
to polyoxyethylene terephthalate units in such a crystallizable
polymeric compound is between about 2:1 and about 6:1. Examples of
this polymer include the commercially available materials Zelcon
4780.RTM. and Zelcon 5126 (from Dupont) and Milease T.RTM. (from
ICI). See also U.S. Pat. No. 4,702,857, issued Oct. 27, 1987 to
Gosselink.
[0177] Highly preferred soil release agents are polymers of the
generic formula: 16
[0178] in which each X can be a suitable capping group, with each X
typically being selected from the group consisting of H, and alkyl
or acyl groups containing from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms. p
is selected for water solubility and generally is from about 6 to
about 113, preferably from about 20 to about 50. u is critical to
formulation in a liquid composition having a relatively high ionic
strength. There should be very little material in which u is
greater than 10. Furthermore, there should be at least about 20%,
preferably at least about 40%, of material in which u ranges from
about 3 to about 5.
[0179] The R.sup.14 moieties are essentially 1,4-phenylene
moieties. As used herein, the term "the R.sup.14 moieties are
essentially 1,4-phenylene moieties" refers to compounds where the
R.sup.14 moieties consist entirely of 1,4-phenylene moieties, or
are partially substituted with other arylene or alkarylene
moieties, alkylene moieties, alkenylene moieties, or mixtures
thereof. Arylene and alkarylene moieties which can be partially
substituted for 1,4-phenylene include 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene,
1,8-naphthylene, 1,4-naphthylene, 2,2-biphenylene, 4,4-biphenylene,
and mixtures thereof. Alkylene and alkenylene moieties which can be
partially substituted include 1,2-propylene, 1,4-butylene,
1,5-pentylene, 1,6-hexamethylene, 1,7-heptamethylene,
1,8-octamethylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and mixtures thereof.
[0180] For the R.sup.14 moieties, the degree of partial
substitution with moieties other than 1,4-phenylene should be such
that the soil release properties of the compound are not adversely
affected to any great extent. Generally the degree of partial
substitution which can be tolerated will depend upon the backbone
length of the compound, i.e., longer backbones can have greater
partial substitution for 1,4-phenylene moieties. Usually, compounds
where the R.sup.14 comprise from about 50% to about 100%
1,4-phenylene moieties (from 0% to about 50% moieties other than
1,4-phenylene) have adequate soil release activity. For example,
polyesters made with a 40:60 mole ratio of isophthalic
(1,3-phenylene) to terephthalic (1,4-phenylene) acid have adequate
soil release activity. However, because most polyesters used in
fiber making comprise ethylene terephthalate units, it is usually
desirable to minimize the degree of partial substitution with
moieties other than 1,4-phenylene for best soil release activity.
Preferably, the R.sup.14 moieties consist entirely of (i.e.,
comprise about 100%) 1,4-phenylene moieties, i.e., each R.sup.14
moiety is 1,4-phenylene.
[0181] For the R.sup.15 moieties, suitable ethylene or substituted
ethylene moieties include ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene,
1,2-hexylene, 3-methoxy-1,2-propylene, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the R.sup.15 moieties are essentially ethylene
moieties, 1,2-propylene moieties, or mixtures thereof. Inclusion of
a greater percentage of ethylene moieties tends to improve the soil
release activity of compounds.
[0182] Surprisingly, inclusion of a greater percentage of
1,2-propylene moieties tends to improve the water solubility of
compounds. Therefore, the use of 1,2-propylene moieties or a
similar branched equivalent is desirable for incorporation of any
substantial part of the soil release polymer where the fabric care
composition will be added to a laundry solution containing fabric
softening actives. Preferably, from about 75% to about 100%, are
1,2-propylene moieties.
[0183] The value for each p is at least about 6, and preferably is
at least about 10. The value for each n usually ranges from about
12 to about 113. Typically the value for each p is in the range of
from about 12 to about 43.
[0184] A more complete disclosure of soil release agents is
contained in U.S. Pat. No.: 4,018,569, Trinh, Gosselink and
Rattinger, issued Apr. 4, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,267, Decker,
Konig, Straathof, and Gosselink, issued Apr. 28, 1987; U.S. Pat.
No. 4,702,857, Gosselink, issued Oct. 27, 1987; U.S. Pat. No.
4,711,730, Gosselink and Diehl, issued Dec. 8, 1987; U.S. Pat. No.
4,749,596, Evans, Huntington, Stewart, Wolf, and Zimmerer, issued
Jun. 7, 1988; U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,086, Evans, Huntington, Stewart,
Wolf, and Zimmerer, issued Feb. 24, 1989; 4,818,569, Trinh,
Gosselink, and Rattinger, issued Apr. 4, 1989; U.S. Pat. No.
4,877,896, Maldonado, Trinh, and Gosselink, issued Oct. 31, 1989;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,956,447, Gosselink et al., issues Sept. 11, 1990;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,968,451, Scheibel and Gosselink, issued Nov. 6,
1990; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,879, Maldonado, Trinh, and Gosselink,
issued Dec. 11, 1990.
[0185] Polymeric soil release actives useful in the present
invention may also include cellulosic derivatives such as
hydroxyether cellulosic polymers, and the like. Such agents are
commercially available and include hydroxyethers of cellulose such
as METHOCEL (Dow). Cellulosic soil release agents for use herein
also include those selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl cellulose; see U.S.
Pat. No. 4,000,093, issued Dec. 28, 1976 to Nicol, et al.
[0186] Soil release agents characterized by poly(vinyl ester)
hydrophobe segments include graft copolymers of poly(vinyl ester),
e.g., C.sub.1-C.sub.6 vinyl esters, preferably poly(vinyl acetate)
grafted onto polyalkylene oxide backbones, such as polyethylene
oxide backbones. See European Patent Application 0 219 048,
published Apr. 22, 1987 by Kud, et al. Commercially available soil
release agents of this kind include the SOKALAN type of material,
e.g., SOKALAN HP-22, available from BASF (Germany).
[0187] Still another preferred soil release agent is an oligomer
with repeat units of terephthaloyl units, sulfoisoterephthaloyl
units, oxyethyleneoxy and oxy-1,2-propylene units. The repeat units
form the backbone of the oligomer and are preferably terminated
with modified isethionate end-caps. A particularly preferred soil
release agent of this type comprises about one sulfoisophthaloyl
unit, 5 terephthaloyl units, oxyethyleneoxy and
oxy-1,2-propyleneoxy units in a ratio of from about 1.7 to about
1.8, and two end-cap units of sodium 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-eth-
anesulfonate. Said soil release agent also comprises from about
0.5% to about 20%, by weight of the oligomer, of a
crystalline-reducing stabilizer, preferably selected from the group
consisting of xylene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate, toluene
sulfonate, and mixtures thereof.
[0188] The compositions of the present invention may also contain
soil release and anti-redeposition agents such as water-soluble
ethoxylated amines, most preferably ethoxylated
tetraethylenepentamine. Exemplary ethoxylated amines are further
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,597,898, VanderMeer, issued Jul. 1,
1986.
[0189] An hydrophobic dispersant is particularly suited for giving
optimised stain removal benefit on clay. Accordingly, a preferred
composition of the present invention comprises from about 0.1%,
preferably from about 5%, more preferably form about 10% to about
80%, preferably to about 50%, more preferably to about 25% by
weight, of a hydrophobic polyamine dispersant having the formula:
17
[0190] wherein R, R.sup.1 and B are suitably described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,565,145 Watson et al., issued Oct. 15, 1996 incorporated
herein by reference, and w, x, and y have values which provide for
a backbone prior to substitution of preferably at least about 1200
daltons, more preferably 1800 daltons. R.sup.1 units are preferably
alkyleneoxy units having the formula:
--(CH.sub.2CHR'O).sub.m(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.nH
[0191] wherein R' is methyl or ethyl, m and n are preferably from
about 0 to about 50, provided the average value of alkoxylation
provided by m+n is at least about 0.5.
[0192] 9. Preservatives
[0193] Optionally, but preferably, antimicrobial preservative can
be added to the compositions of the present invention, especially
if the stabilizing agent is made of cellulose. Indeed, the
cellulose materials can make a prime breeding ground for certain
microorganisms, especially when in aqueous compositions. This
drawback can lead to the problem of storage stability of the
solutions for any significant length of time. Contamination by
certain microorganisms with subsequent microbial growth can result
in an unsightly and/or malodorous solution. Because microbial
growth in solutions is highly objectionable when it occurs, it is
highly preferable to include an antimicrobial preservative, which
is effective for inhibiting and/or regulating microbial growth in
order to increase storage stability of the composition.
[0194] It is preferable to use a broad spectrum preservative, e.g.,
one that is effective on both bacteria (both gram positive and gram
negative) and fungi. A limited spectrum preservative, e.g., one
that is only effective on a single group of microorganisms, e.g.,
fungi, can be used in combination with a broad spectrum
preservative or other limited spectrum preservatives with
complimentary and/or supplementary activity. A mixture of broad
spectrum preservatives can also be used. In some cases where a
specific group of microbial contaminants is problematic (such as
Gram negatives), aminocarboxylate chelators, such as those
described hereinbefore, can be used alone or as potentiators in
conjunction with other preservatives. These chelators which
include, e.g., ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA),
hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid, and other aminocarboxylate chelators, and mixtures thereof,
and their salts, and mixtures thereof, can increase preservative
effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria, especially
Pseudomonas species.
[0195] Antimicrobial preservatives useful in the present invention
include biocidal compounds, i.e., substances that kill
microorganisms, or biostatic compounds, i.e., substances that
inhibit and/or regulate the growth of microorganisms. Well known
preservatives such as short chain alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic
acid, commonly known as parabens;
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) urea, also known as
3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide or triclocarban;
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, commonly known as
triclosan are useful preservative in the present invention.
[0196] Still other preferred preservatives are the water-soluble
preservatives, i.e. those that have a solubility in water of at
least about 0.3 g per 100 ml of water, i.e., greater than about
0.3% at room temperature, preferably greater than about 0.5% at
room temperature.
[0197] The preservative in the present invention is included at an
effective amount. The term "effective amount" as herein defined
means a level sufficient to prevent spoilage, or prevent growth of
inadvertently added microorganisms, for a specific period of time.
In other words, the preservative is not being used to kill
microorganisms on the surface onto which the composition is
deposited in order to eliminate odors produced by microorganisms.
Instead, it is preferably being used to prevent spoilage of the
solution in order to increase the shelf-life of the composition.
Preferred levels of preservative are from about 0.0001% to about
0.5%, more preferably from about 0.0002% to about 0.2%, most
preferably from about 0.0003% to about 0.1%, by weight of the usage
composition.
[0198] The preservative can be any organic preservative material
which will not cause damage to fabric appearance, e.g.,
discoloration, coloration, bleaching. Preferred water-soluble
preservatives include organic sulfur compounds, halogenated
compounds, cyclic organic nitrogen compounds, low molecular weight
aldehydes, quaternary ammonium compounds, dehydroacetic acid,
phenyl and phenolic compounds, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting
examples of preferred water-soluble preservatives for use in the
present invention can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,714,137,
incorporated hereinbefore by reference, as well as co-pending
application PCT/US 98/12154 pages 29 to 36.
[0199] Preferred water-soluble preservatives for use in the present
invention are organic sulfur compounds. Some non-limiting examples
of organic sulfur compounds suitable for use in the present
invention are:
[0200] a) 3-Isothiazolone Compounds
[0201] A preferred preservative is an antimicrobial, organic
preservative containing 3-isothiazolone groups. This class of
compounds is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,899, Lewis et al.,
issued May 5, 1981, and incorporated herein by reference. A
preferred preservative is a water-soluble mixture of
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, more preferably a mixture of about
77% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and about 23%
2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a broad spectrum preservative
available as a about 1.5% aqueous solution under the trade name
Kathon.RTM. CG by Rohm and Haas Company.
[0202] When Kathon.RTM. is used as the preservative in the present
invention it is present at a level of from about 0.0001% to about
0.01%, preferably from about 0.0002% to about 0.005%, more
preferably from about 0.0003% to about 0.003%, most preferably from
about 0.0004% to about 0.002%, by weight of the composition.
[0203] Other isothiazolins include 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one,
available under the trade name Proxel.RTM. products; and
2-methyl-4,5-trimethylene-- 4-isothiazolin-3-one, available under
the trade name Promexal.RTM.. Both Proxel and Promexal are
available from Zeneca. They have stability over a wide pH range
(i.e., 4-12). Neither contain active halogen and are not
formaldehyde releasing preservatives. Both Proxel and Promexal are
effective against typical Gram negative and positive bacteria,
fungi and yeasts when used at a level from about 0.001% to about
0.5%, preferably from about 0.005% to about 0.05%, and most
preferably from about 0.01% to about 0.02% by weight of the usage
composition.
[0204] b) Sodium Pyrithione
[0205] Another preferred organic sulfur preservative is sodium
pyrithione, with water solubility of about 50%. When sodium
pyrithione is used as the preservative in the present invention it
is typically present at a level of from about 0.0001% to about
0.01%, preferably from about 0.0002% to about 0.005%, more
preferably from about 0.0003% to about 0.003%, by weight of the
usage composition.
[0206] Mixtures of the preferred organic sulfur compounds can also
be used as the preservative in the present invention.
[0207] 10. Antimicrobial Agents
[0208] Sanitization of fabrics can be achieved through the use of
compositions containing, antimicrobial materials, e.g.,
antibacterial halogenated compounds, quaternary compounds, phenolic
compounds and metallic salts, and preferably quaternary compounds.
A typical disclosure of these antimicrobial can be found in
International Patent Application No. PCT/US 98/12154 pages 17 to
20.
[0209] a) Biguanides
[0210] Some of the more robust antimicrobial halogenated compounds
which can function as disinfectants/sanitizers as well as finish
product preservatives (vide infra), and that are useful in the
compositions of the present invention include 1,1'-hexamethylene
bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)bi- guanide), commonly known as
chlorhexidine, and its salts, e.g., with hydrochloric, acetic and
gluconic acids. The digluconate salt is highly water-soluble, about
70% in water, and the diacetate salt has a solubility of about 1.8%
in water.
[0211] Other useful biguanide compounds include Cosmoci.RTM.
CQ.RTM., and Vantocil.RTM. IB that include poly (hexamethylene
biguanide) hydrochloride. Other useful cationic antimicrobial
agents include the bis-biguanide alkanes. Usable water soluble
salts of the above are chlorides, bromides, sulfates, alkyl
sulfonates such as methyl sulfonate and ethyl sulfonate,
phenylsulfonates such as p-methylphenyl sulfonates, nitrates,
acetates, gluconates, and the like.
[0212] Examples of suitable bis biguanide compounds are
chlorhexidine;
1,6-bis-(2-ethylhexylbiguanidohexane)dihydrochloride;
1,6-di-(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-phenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane
tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di-(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-phenyl-N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-meth-
yldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane
dihydrochloride;
1,6di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,6-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub-
.5,N.sub.5')hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di[N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-.beta.-(p-meth- oxyphenyl)
diguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5']-hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-.alpha.-methyl-.beta.-phenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.s-
ub.5')-hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-nitrophenyldiguan-
ido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexane
dihydrochloride;.omega.:.omega.'-di-(N.sub.1,N-
.sub.1'-phenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-di-n-propylether
dihydrochloride;
omega:omega'-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-
-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-di-n-propylether tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,4-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexa-
ne tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-methylphenyldiguanido-N.s-
ub.5,N.sub.5')hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,4,5-trichl-
orophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexane tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di[N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-.alpha.-(p-chlorophenyl)
ethyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N- .sub.5'] hexane
dihydrochloride;.omega.:.omega.'di(N.sub.1,
N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')m-xylene
dihydrochloride;
1,12-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5-
,N.sub.5') dodecane dihydrochloride;
1,10-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-phenyldiguan- ido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-decane
tetrahydrochloride; 1,12-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'--
phenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5') dodecane tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')
hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,-
N.sub.5')-hexane tetrahydrochloride; ethylene bis (1-tolyl
biguanide); ethylene bis (p-tolyl biguanide); ethylene
bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl biguanide); ethylene bis(p-tert-amylphenyl
biguanide); ethylene bis(nonylphenyl biguanide); ethylene bis
(phenyl biguanide); ethylene bis (N-butylphenyl biguanide);
ethylene bis (2,5-diethoxyphenyl biguanide); ethylene
bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl biguanide); ethylene
bis(o-diphenylbiguanide); ethylene bis(mixed amyl naphthyl
biguanide); N-butyl ethylene bis(phenylbiguanide); trimethylene
bis(o-tolyl biguanide); N-butyl trimethylene bis(phenyl biguanide);
and the corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salts of all of
the above such as the acetates; gluconates; hydrochlorides;
hydrobromides; citrates; bisulfites; fluorides; polymaleates;
N-coconutalkylsarcosinates; phosphites; hypophosphites;
perfluorooctanoates; silicates; sorbates; salicylates; maleates;
tartrates; fumarates; ethylenediaminetetraacetates- ;
iminodiacetates; cinnamates; thiocyanates; arginates;
pyromellitates; tetracarboxybutyrates; benzoates; glutarates;
monofluorophosphates; and perfluoropropionates, and mixtures
thereof. Preferred antimicrobials from this group are
1,6-di-(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-phenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')- -hexane
tetrahydrochloride; 1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chlorophenyldiguanid-
o-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,6-di-
chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,4-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexa-
ne tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di[N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-.alpha.-(p-chlorophenyl)
ethyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5'] hexane
dihydrochloride;.omega.:.omega.'d- i(N.sub.1,
N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')m-xylene
dihydrochloride; 1,12-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1
'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.- 5,N.sub.5') dodecane
dihydrochloride; 1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chlorophen-
yldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5') hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane
tetrahydrochloride; and mixtures thereof; more preferably,
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane
dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-2,6-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N.su-
b.5,N.sub.5')hexane dihydrochloride; 1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1
'-2,4-dichlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')hexane
tetrahydrochloride;
1,6-di[N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-.alpha.-(p-chlorophenyl)
ethyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N- .sub.5'] hexane
dihydrochloride;.omega.:.omega.'di(N.sub.1,
N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')m-xylene
dihydrochloride;
1,12-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5-
,N.sub.5') dodecane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-o-chloropheny- ldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')
hexane dihydrochloride;
1,6-di(N.sub.1,N.sub.1'-p-chlorophenyldiguanido-N.sub.5,N.sub.5')-hexane
tetrahydrochloride; and mixtures thereof. As stated hereinbefore,
the bis biguanide of choice is chlorhexidine its salts, e.g.,
digluconate, dihydrochloride, diacetate, and mixtures thereof.
[0213] b) Quaternary Compounds
[0214] A wide range of quaternary compounds can also be used as
antimicrobial actives for the compositions of the present
invention. Non-limiting examples of useful quaternary compounds
include: (1) benzalkonium chlorides and/or substituted benzalkonium
chlorides such as commercially available Barquat.RTM. (available
from Lonza), Maquat.RTM. (available from Mason), Variquat.RTM.
(available from Goldschmidt), and Hyamine.RTM. (available from
Lonza); (2) di(C.sub.6-C.sub.14)alkyl di short chain (C.sub.1-4
alkyl and/or hydroxyalkyl) quaternary such as Bardac.RTM. products
of Lonza, (3) N-(3-chloroallyl) hexaminium chlorides such as
Dowicide.RTM. and Dowicil.RTM. available from Dow; (4) benzethonium
chloride such as Hyamine.RTM. 1622 from Rohm & Haas; (5)
methylbenzethonium chloride represented by Hyamine.RTM. 10.times.
supplied by Rohm & Haas, (6) cetylpyridinium chloride such as
Cepacol chloride available from of Merrell Labs. Examples of the
preferred dialkyl quaternary compounds are
di(C.sub.8-C.sub.12)dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, such as
didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Bardac 22), and
dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (Bardac 2050).
[0215] Surfactants, when added to the antimicrobials tend to
provide improved antimicrobial action. This is especially true for
the siloxane surfactants, and especially when the siloxane
surfactants are combined with the chlorhexidine antimicrobial
actives.
[0216] Examples of bactericides used in the compositions and
articles of this invention include glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde,
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol sold by Inolex Chemicals, located
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, under the trade name Bronopol.RTM.,
and a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one and
2-methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one sold by Rohm and Haas Company under
the trade name Kathon CG/ICP.RTM..
[0217] c) Metallic Salts
[0218] Many metallic salts are known for their antimicrobial
effects. These metallic salts may be selected from the group
consisting of copper salts, zinc salts, and mixtures thereof.
[0219] Copper salts have some antimicrobial benefits. Specifically,
cupric abietate acts as a fungicide, copper acetate acts as a
mildew inhibitor, cupric chloride acts as a fungicide, copper
lactate acts as a fungicide, and copper sulfate acts as a
germicide. Copper salts also possess some malodor control
abilities. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,817, Leupold, et al.,
describes deodorizing compositions for treating disposable
articles, comprising at least slightly water-soluble salts of
acylacetone, including copper salts and zinc salts.
[0220] 11. Other Optionals
[0221] The present invention composition may also include optional
components conventionally used in textile treatment compositions,
for example: brighteners, photoactivated bleaching agents such as
the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines, perfumes,
chlorine scavengers, colorants; surfactants; anti-shrinkage agents;
fabric crisping agents; spotting agents; germicides; fungicides;
anti-oxidants such as butylated hydroxy toluene, anti-corrosion
agents, and mixtures thereof.
II. FORM OF THE COMPOSITION
[0222] The composition of the invention may take a variety of
physical forms including liquid, liquid-gel, paste-like, foam in
either aqueous or non-aqueous form, powder, granular and tablet
forms. For better dispersibility, a preferred form of the
composition is a liquid form. When in a liquid form, the
composition may also be dispensed with dispensing means such as a
sprayer or aerosol dispenser.
III. METHODS OF USE
Rinse Process
[0223] The composition can be used in a so-called rinse process,
where a composition as defined hereinabove, is first diluted in an
aqueous rinse bath solution. Subsequently, the laundered fabrics
which have been washed with a detergent liquor and optionally
rinsed in a first inefficient rinse step ("inefficient" in the
sense that residual detergent and/or soil may be carried over with
the fabrics), are placed in the rinse solution with the diluted
composition. Of course, the composition may also be incorporated
into the aqueous bath once the fabrics have been immersed therein.
Following that step, agitation is applied to the fabrics in the
rinse bath solution causing the suds to collapse, and residual
soils and surfactant is to be removed. The fabrics can then be
optionally wrung before drying.
[0224] Accordingly, there is provided a method for rinsing fabrics,
which comprises the steps of contacting fabrics, previously washed
in a detergent liquor, with a composition of the invention.
Likewise, the present invention provides for the use of a
composition of the present invention to impart fabric softness to
fabrics that have been washed in a high suds detergent solution,
while providing in the rinse a reduction of suds or foaming and
without the creation of undesirable flocs.
[0225] This rinse process may be performed manually in basin or
bucket, in a non-automated washing machine, or in an automated
washing machine. When hand washing is performed, the laundered
fabrics are removed from the detergent liquor and wrung out. The
composition of the invention is then added to fresh water and the
fabrics are then, directly or after an optional inefficient first
rinse step, rinsed in the water containing the composition
according to the conventional rinsing habit. The fabrics are then
dried using conventional means.
IV. TEST METHODS AND EXAMPLES
[0226] Examples 1, 2 and 3 exemplify the invention, while examples
4 and 5 do not pass the floc formation test (ex. 4) or the suds
reduction test (ex. 5).
1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Rewoquat V3282,
5 6.5 6 5.5 Ex Goldschmidt (1) LF-DEEDMAC (2) -- -- 8 -- -- HCl
0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 Perfume 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.25 Neodol 91-8,
1 0.5 -- 0.5 -- Ex Shell Silicone Emulsion 0.75 -- 0.75 -- -- SE39,
Ex Wacker Silicone emulsion -- 2.0 -- 2.0 -- MP10, Ex Dow Corning
N-Cocoyl, N,N 3 -- -- -- -- dimethyl, N- hydroxylethyl ammonium
chloride Dodecyl trimethyl -- 4 -- -- 4.0 ammonium chloride Water
Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance (1) Di (stearoyloxyethyl)
Dimethyl ammonium chloride, 85% activity (2) Reaction product of
Fatty acid with Methyldiethanolamine in a molar ratio 1.5:1,
quaternized with Methylchloride, resulting in a 1:1 molar mixture
of N,N-bis(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride and
N-(stearoyl-oxy-ethyl) N,-hydroxyethyl N,N dimethyl ammonium
chloride.
Floc Formation Test Method
[0227] The absence of floc formation in a rinse solution containing
residual anionic surfactant is an essential feature of the
invention. Floc formation is evaluated according to the following
test method: 750 grams of a dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium
salt (technical grade, supplied by Aldrich under the catalog number
28,995-7) solution at about 0.02% (using water at
20.degree.-25.degree. C. and 12 US gpg hardness) is added to a 1
liter cylindrical jar (with a diameter to height ratio of approx. 5
to 8). The jar is closed hermetically and shaken vigorously during
15 seconds to generate about 3 cm of foam on top of the
solution.
[0228] Following this, 5 grams of the composition to be tested is
poured on the surface of the foamed solution. The solution in the
beaker is then manually stirred for 30 seconds at the rate of 100
rpm (with a 20 cm long, 0.5 cm plastic spatula). One minute after
the stirring the solution is poured evenly over the surface of a
USA Standard testing sieve (ASTM E11 specification No. 40, 35 mesh
Tyler equivalent, opening 425 micron, sieve diameter 8 inch) which
has been placed in a collecting tray. The dimensions of this tray
are such that at the wires of the sieve are at least 1 cm below the
surface of the liquid in the tray once the full 750 grams of test
solution has been added. The sieve is subsequently manually lifted
out of the tray (kept horizontically) and inspected for the
presence of flocs. The test solution is being defined as being
"substantially free" from flocs if the total number of visible
flocs retained on the sieve is less than 50. The test solution is
being defmed as being "free" from flocs if the number of visible
flocs retained is less than 10. The filtrate is collected in an
identical 1 literjar.
Suds Reduction Test
[0229] The suds reduction property of the hand composition is
another essential feature of the invention. Suds reduction is
defined according to the following test method: 750 grams of a
dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (technical grade, supplied
by Aldrich under the catalog number 28,995-7) solution at about
0.02% (using water at 20.degree.-25.degree. C. and 12 US gpg
hardness) is added to a 1 liter cylindrical jar (with a diameter to
height ratio of approx. 5 to 8). This solution serves as reference.
Both the reference solution and the filtrate obtained from the Floc
Formation Test (see above) are shaken vigorously for about 15
seconds. This generates about 3 cm of foam on top of the reference
solution. The remaining presence of foam on the test solution is
assessed visually, 15 seconds after the shaking has finished.
Suitable compositions are those that have a suds reduction over the
reference of about at least about 90%, preferably of at least about
95% and most preferably of at least about 99%. 99% is where all the
foam disappeared apart from the optional presence of a white film
or some scattered air bubbles that may partially cover the surface
of the solution.
2 Product Made by Free from flocs Suds reduction Suavitel Fresco
primavera, Colgate No 73% 1 Liter bottle, Mexico, code 0161MH311E
Comfort Vitality, Unilever No 33% 750 ml bottle, UK code 0259015PS6
Downy Aroma del Bosque, P&G No 67% 1 L bottle, Mexico code
02170300 Silan Tender Rose, Henkel No 87% 6 L bottle, Belgium code
8101820 Silan Sensations Cool Henkel No 43% Breeze, 2 L bottle,
Belgium code 50294B21 Robijn Morgenfris, Unilever No 67% 1 L
bottle, Belgium code 25.10.00 PZ4 Comfort Easy Iron, Unilever No
50% 750 ml bottle, UK code 91721913PS6 Ultra Soupline Fraicheur,
Colgate No 83% 1 L Refill, France code 0340FR13120 Lenor Spring
Awakening, P&G No 73% 1 L Bottle, UK code 02380303B8 Quanto
Ultra NaturFrisch, Benckiser No 47% 1 L Refill, Germany code 9435F1
Lenor Spring Awakening, P&G No 83% 500 ml Refill, Czech
Republic code 0146272321 Mimosin, Unilever No 60% 3 L bottle, Spain
code 026610 15AD Example 1 Yes 99% Example 2 Yes 99% Example 3 Yes
99% Example 4 No 99% Example 5 Yes 80%
Softness Robustness Test Method
[0230] The influence of the presence of anionic surfactant in the
rinse solution on the softness performance delivered by the test
composition is evaluated according to the following method:
[0231] To a first 1 liter cylindrical jar (with a diameter to
height ratio of approx. 5 to 8) 400 grams of demineralised water is
added, to a second identical jar 400 grams of a
dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt (technical grade, supplied
by Aldrich under the catalog number 28,995-7) solution at about
0.02% (using demineralised water at 20.degree.-25.degree. C.) is
added. To the second jar an amount of test composition is added
such that the level of fabric softener active (as defined here
above) in the final solution is in the range of about 0.02% to
about 0.04%. To the first jar the same test composition is added,
at about 75% of the level which has been added into the second
jar.
[0232] One piece of cotton terry fabric (at least 3 times washed at
about 60 degrees using a commercial detergent), about 40 grams in
weight, is added to both jars. The jars are shaken on an orbital
shaker (at 200 rpm) for about 5 minutes. Following this the fabrics
are removed from the jar and wrung out until they contain about
their own weight of water. The fabric treated in the first jar is
denoted "Reference", the fabric treated in the second jar is
denoted "Test". The fabrics are line dried over night and their
hand is evaluated by an expert panel consisting of 2 judges, who
are asked to express their preference for either the Test fabric or
the Reference fabric. This test is repeated 10 times (yielding 20
comparisons in total). Suitable compositions are those for which
the Test fabric is not rated significantly lower in softness
compared to the Reference fabric (i.e. less than 15 comparisons out
of 20 are in favor of the Reference product).
[0233] Downy Aroma Del Bosque (P&G, Mexico), Suavitel Fresca
Primavera (Colgate, Mexico) and Example 3 fail this test. Examples
1 & 2 pass this test.
* * * * *