U.S. patent application number 09/957223 was filed with the patent office on 2003-03-20 for repetitive motion feedback system and method of practicing a repetitive motion.
Invention is credited to Evensen, Mark H..
Application Number | 20030054327 09/957223 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25499260 |
Filed Date | 2003-03-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030054327 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Evensen, Mark H. |
March 20, 2003 |
Repetitive motion feedback system and method of practicing a
repetitive motion
Abstract
A repetitive motion feedback system is provided with various
sensors and devices for monitoring aspects of a repetitive motion
sequence, such as a golf swing. The monitored aspects can include
motion properties of an object moved by the user, position
properties of the user and motion properties of the user. A data
processing system for receiving data of the monitored aspects
provides feedback data that is provided to a feedback output
device, such as a graphical display device or speaker, so that the
user is provided with feedback regarding the repetitive motion
sequence. In one particular embodiment, the user's performance is
compared to a template of a prior performance, with feedback being
provided regarding the differences.
Inventors: |
Evensen, Mark H.; (McKinney,
TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
LAW OFFICES OF GRADY K. BERGEN
2626 COLE AVENUE
SUITE 400
DALLAS
TX
75204
US
|
Family ID: |
25499260 |
Appl. No.: |
09/957223 |
Filed: |
September 20, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/252 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 2069/367 20130101;
A63B 2024/0012 20130101; A63B 2220/807 20130101; A63B 69/02
20130101; A63B 2220/35 20130101; A63B 24/0003 20130101; A63B
2220/51 20130101; A63B 2069/0008 20130101; A63B 69/3658 20130101;
A63B 69/3605 20200801; A63B 2220/05 20130101; A63B 24/0021
20130101; A63B 2243/0054 20130101; A63B 2024/0031 20130101; A63B
69/38 20130101; A63B 69/3623 20130101; A63B 2220/806 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
434/252 |
International
Class: |
A63B 069/36 |
Claims
I claim:
1. A method of practicing a repetitive motion by an individual
comprising: having the individual perform a repetitive motion
sequence; monitoring a combination of at least two of properties a,
b and c during the motion sequence, wherein the properties a, b and
c are comprised of: (a) motion properties of an object moved by the
individual during the repetitive motion sequence; (b) position
properties of the individual during the motion sequence; and (c)
movement properties of the individual during the motion sequence;
and graphically displaying information relating to the properties
of the monitored combination simultaneously with or immediately
after the repetitive motion sequence on a graphical display device
that is in visual proximity to the individual so that the
individual is provided with the information upon performing the
repetitive motion sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: providing a
repetitive motion template of a previously monitored combination of
a repetitive motion sequence; comparing the newly monitored
repetitive motion sequence to the repetitive motion template; and
providing feedback to the individual based upon differences in the
newly monitored repetitive motion sequence to the repetitive motion
template.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: providing feedback includes
providing audio feedback.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the audio feedback is verbal
feedback.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein: providing feedback includes
providing visual feedback on the graphical display device.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the repetitive motion template
is a previously monitored repetitive motion sequence of the
individual.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing the
properties of the monitored combination in a data storage
device.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the repetitive motion sequence
includes a golf swing; and the object moved includes a golf ball
and golf club.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein: the combination includes all of
the elements a, b and c.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the position properties of the
individual include the position properties of the individual's
feet.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein: the position properties of the
individual include the weight distribution of the individual.
12. A repetitive motion feedback system for a repetitive motion
performed by an individual comprising: a feedback output device; a
combination of at least two elements a, b and c, wherein the
elements a, b and c are comprised of: (a) an object motion sensor
for providing motion data of a moving object when moved by the
individual during a motion sequence; (b) a position sensor for
providing position data of the individual during the motion
sequence; and (c) a motion capturing device for capturing motion
image data of the individual during the motion sequence; and a data
processing system for receiving data from the combination of at
least two elements and providing feedback data that is provided to
the feedback output device.
13. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 12, wherein: the
feedback output device includes a graphical display device.
14. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 12, wherein: the
motion data includes speed and direction data of the moving
object.
15. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 12, further
comprising: a data storage device coupled to the data processing
system; and a template of previously stored data from the
combination of the at least two elements from a previously
performed motion sequence stored by the data storage device; and
wherein the data processing system compares newly monitored data to
the previously stored data to determine differences in the newly
stored and previously stored data and provides feedback data based
upon the differences in the compared newly monitored and previously
stored data.
16. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 15, further
comprising: a communication network coupled to the data storage
device for communicating the stored data to another location.
17. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 15, wherein: the
feedback output device is an audio feedback device for providing
audio feedback.
18. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 15, wherein: the
feedback output device is a visual feedback device for providing
visual feedback.
19. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 12, wherein: the
combination includes all of the elements a, b and c.
20. A repetitive motion feedback system for a repetitive motion
performed by an individual comprising: a feedback output device; a
data monitoring system comprised of at least one of the following
elements: (a) an object motion sensor for providing motion data of
a moving object when moved by the individual during a motion
sequence; (b) a position sensor for providing position data of the
individual during the motion sequence; and (c) a motion capturing
device for capturing motion image data of the individual during the
motion sequence; a data processing system for receiving and storing
data from the data monitoring system; and a template of previously
stored data from the data monitoring system from a previously
performed motion sequence stored by the data processing system, the
data processing system comparing newly received data to the
previously stored data to determine differences in the newly
received and previously stored data, the data processing system
providing feedback based upon the differences in the compared newly
received and previously stored data to the feedback output
device.
21. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 20, further
comprising: a filter for selectively limiting the feedback that is
provided to the feedback output device.
22. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 20, wherein: the
feedback output device is an audio feedback device for providing
audio feedback.
23. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 22, wherein: the
feedback output device provides verbalized audio feedback.
24. The repetitive motion feedback system of claim 20, wherein: the
feedback output device is a visual feedback device for providing
visual feedback.
25. A method of practicing a golf swing by an individual
comprising: having the individual perform a golf swing sequence;
monitoring a combination of at least two of properties a, b and c
during the golf swing sequence wherein the properties a, b and c
are comprised of: (a) motion properties of an object moved by the
individual during the golf swing sequence; (b) position properties
of the individual during the golf swing sequence; and (c) movement
properties of the individual during the golf swing sequence; and
graphically displaying the properties of the monitored combination
simultaneously with or immediately after the golf swing sequence on
a graphical display device that is in visual proximity to the
individual so that the individual is provided with the monitored
properties upon performing the golf swing sequence; providing a
golf swing template of a previously monitored combination of a golf
swing sequence; comparing the newly monitored golf swing sequence
to the golf swing template; and providing feedback to the
individual based upon differences in the newly monitored golf swing
sequence to the golf swing template.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein: providing feedback includes is
an audio feedback device for providing audio feedback.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein: the audio feedback is verbal
feedback.
28. The method of claim 25, wherein: providing feedback includes
providing visual feedback on the graphical display device.
29. The method of claim 25, wherein: the golf swing template is of
the previously monitored golf swing sequence of the individual.
30. The method of claim 25, further comprising: storing the
properties of the monitored combination using a data storage
device.
31. The method of claim 25, wherein: the object moved includes a
golf ball.
32. The method of claim 25, wherein: the object moved includes a
golf club.
33. A feedback system for a golf swing performed by an individual
comprising: a feedback output device; a combination of at least two
elements a, b and c, wherein the elements a, b and c are comprised
of: (a) an object motion sensor for providing motion data of a
moving object when moved by the individual during a golf swing
sequence; (b) a position sensor for providing weight placement data
of the individual during the golf swing sequence; and (c) a motion
capturing device for providing motion image data of the individual
during the golf swing; a data processing system for receiving and
storing data from the combination of at least two elements; and a
template of previously stored data from the combination of at least
two elements from a previously performed golf swing sequence stored
by the data processing system, the data processing system comparing
newly received data to the previously stored data to determine
differences in the newly received and previously stored data and
providing feedback relating to the newly received and previously
stored data to the feedback output device.
34. The feedback system of claim 33, further comprising: a
communication network coupled to the data processing system for
communicating the stored data to another location.
35. The feedback system of claim 33, wherein: the feedback output
device provides audio feedback.
36. The feedback system of claim 33, wherein: the feedback output
device includes a graphical display device.
37. The feedback system of claim 34, wherein: a remote data
receiving system coupled to the communication network for accessing
the stored data at a location remote from the data processing
system.
38. A method of practicing a golf swing performed by an individual
comprising: having the individual perform a golf swing; monitoring
position properties of at least one of the individual's feet during
the golf swing; and graphically displaying the position properties
in the form of footprint images of the at least one of the
individual's feet, the footprint images having contrasted areas
corresponding to the relative degree of pressure exerted by the at
least one of the individual's feet during the golf swing
simultaneously with or immediately after the golf swing on a
graphical display device that is in visual proximity to the
individual so that the individual is provided with the images upon
performing the golf swing.
39. The method of claim 38, further comprising: providing a golf
swing template of previously monitored position properties;
comparing the newly monitored position properties to the template;
and providing feedback to the individual based upon differences in
the newly monitored position properties to the template.
40. A method of practicing a golf swing performed by an individual,
comprising: having the individual perform a golf swing; monitoring
movement properties of the individual during the golf swing; and
graphically displaying information in the form of a 3-dimensional
model of the individual relating to the monitored properties upon
performing the golf swing on a graphical display device that is in
visual proximity to the individual so that the individual is
provided with the information upon performing the golf swing, and
wherein the three-dimensional model allows the individual to
selectively view the model at any point during the golf swing and
from any desired angle.
41. A method of comparing at least two different individuals'
performances of a repetitive motion sequence, comprising: having
the individuals each perform a repetitive motion sequence;
monitoring at least one of properties a, b and c during the motion
sequence, wherein the properties a, b and c are comprised of: (a)
motion properties of an object moved by the individuals during the
repetitive motion sequence monitored by an object motion sensor;
(b) position properties of the individuals during the motion
sequence monitored by a position properties sensor; and (c)
movement properties of the individuals during the motion sequence
as monitored by a motion capturing device; and comparing the at
least one of the monitored properties of the individuals; and
providing comparative feedback based on differences between the
monitored properties of the individuals.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein: the comparative feedback is
provided on a graphical display device.
43. The method of claim 41, wherein: data relating to the monitored
properties of at least one of the individuals is stored on a data
storage device that is coupled to a communication network; wherein
comparing the monitored properties includes retrieving the stored
data of the at least one individual from the data storage device
through the communication network and comparing the stored data to
data of the other at least two individuals relating to the
monitored properties.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates generally to a feedback system for a
repetitive motion and method of practicing a repetitive motion by
an individual, particularly those repetitive movements that involve
the movement of an object by the individual.
BACKGROUND
[0002] There have been numerous and varied methods and devices
developed for practicing repetitive movements, particularly those
movements used for sports, recreational or athletic activities,
such as golf or tennis. These methods or devices typically focus on
one particular aspect of the repetitive motion, such as the grip,
position or orientation of the individual's head or body, or the
position or orientation of the device or instrument being held or
moved by the individual during the repetitive motion. In many
cases, a practice device is employed that secures to the user or
the object moved by the user to restrict or limit the ability to
make undesirable movements. Many of these devices are used only
during practice and would otherwise not be used during normal play
or performance of the repetitive motion. Additionally, these
devices are often cumbersome and difficult to use, making them
undesirable.
[0003] Despite the many devices and methods that have been
developed over the past, one of the best methods of practicing
repetitive movements merely involves the use of a coach or
professional instructor who actually observes the individual or
student during practice of the repetitive motion. After observation
of the individual, the instructor can provide feedback to the
individual regarding their performance and communicate ways to
improve upon the individual's performance.
[0004] The use of an instructor has obvious limitations, however.
The time and attention an instructor can give may be limited,
particularly if there is more than one student that must be
observed during a particular practice session. And even if private
or one-on-one instruction is used, seldom will an instructor be
available to supervise all of the individual's practice sessions or
be able to fully observe each and every repetitive motion performed
by the individual during the practice session. Further, an
instructor may not be able to monitor each and every aspect of the
individual's performance, particularly those aspects that are not
easily monitored by merely observing the individual perform the
repetitive motion. Another limitation is that for many,
particularly for private or one-on-one-type instruction, hiring a
professional instructor can be expensive or even cost
prohibitive.
[0005] Visual recording or videotaping of the repetitive motion
sequence for post-analysis by the individual or an instructor has
also been used as a practicing aid. Although, this may be
beneficial, it does not provide immediate feedback to allow the
individual to adjust his or her performance accordingly during the
practice session. Further, unless the individual is quite
knowledgeable of the mechanics of a properly executed motion
sequence, little benefit may be derived from this method without
involvement of a coach or instructor who can point out the proper
or improper aspects of the recorded motion sequence.
[0006] What is therefore needed is a means for practicing a
repetitive motion that overcomes many of the shortcomings of these
prior art methods.
SUMMARY
[0007] A method of practicing a repetitive motion by an individual
is provided. The method includes having the individual perform a
repetitive motion sequence, such as a golf swing. A combination of
at least two of properties a, b and c during the motion sequence
are monitored. The properties a, b and c include:
[0008] (a) motion properties of an object moved by the individual
during the repetitive motion sequence;
[0009] (b) position properties of the individual during the motion
sequence; and
[0010] (c) movement properties of the individual during the motion
sequence.
[0011] Information relating to the properties of the monitored
combination are graphically displayed simultaneously with or
immediately after the repetitive motion sequence on a graphical
display device that is in visual proximity to the individual so
that the individual is provided with the information upon
performing the repetitive motion sequence.
[0012] A repetitive motion template of a previously monitored
combination of a repetitive motion sequence may also be provided in
the method. The template may be a previously monitored repetitive
motion sequence of the individual. The repetitive motion template
is compared to the newly monitored repetitive motion sequence.
Feedback, which may be audio feedback, visual feedback, or both, is
provided to the individual based upon the differences in the newly
monitored repetitive motion sequence to the repetitive motion
template. The properties of the monitored combination may also be
stored in a data storage device.
[0013] A repetitive motion feedback system for a repetitive motion
performed by an individual is also provided. The feedback system
includes a feedback output device and a combination of at least two
elements a, b and c, wherein the elements a, b and c are comprised
of:
[0014] (a) an object motion sensor for providing motion data of a
moving object when moved by the individual during a motion
sequence;
[0015] (b) a position sensor for providing position data of the
individual during the motion sequence; and
[0016] (c) a motion capturing device for capturing motion image
data of the individual during the motion sequence.
[0017] A data processing system receives data from the combination
of at least two elements and provides feedback data that is
provided to the feedback output device.
[0018] In more specific embodiments, the feedback output device may
include a graphical display device, a visual feedback device or an
audio feedback device for providing visual or audio feedback. The
audio feedback may further include verbalized audio feedback. The
motion data may include speed and direction data of the moving
object.
[0019] The repetitive motion feedback system may further include a
data storage device coupled to the data processing system. A
template of previously stored data from the combination of the at
least two elements from a previously performed motion sequence is
stored in the data storage device, and the data processing system
compares newly monitored data to the previously stored data to
determine differences in the newly stored and previously stored
data and provides feedback data based upon the differences in the
compared newly monitored and previously stored data.
[0020] A communication network may be coupled to the data storage
device for communicating the stored data to another location. A
filter may also be provided for selectively limiting the feedback
that is provided to the feedback output device. A remote data
receiving system may also be coupled to the communication network
for accessing the stored data at a location remote from the data
processing system.
[0021] In another embodiment of the invention, a method of
practicing a golf swing performed by an individual is provided. The
method is accomplished by having the individual perform a golf
swing and monitoring position properties of at least one of the
individual's feet during the golf swing. The position properties
are graphically displayed in the form of footprint images of the at
least one of the individual's feet, the footprint images having
contrasted areas corresponding to the relative degree of pressure
exerted by the at least one of the individual's feet during the
golf swing simultaneously with or immediately after the golf swing
on a graphical display device that is in visual proximity to the
individual so that the individual is provided with the images upon
performing the golf swing. The method may further include providing
a golf swing template of previously monitored position properties
and comparing the newly monitored position properties to the
template. Feedback is then provided to the individual based upon
differences in the newly monitored position properties to the
template.
[0022] In still another embodiment, a method of practicing a golf
swing performed by an individual is accomplished by having the
individual perform a golf swing and monitoring movement properties
of the individual during the golf swing. Information relating to
the monitored properties upon performing the golf swing is
graphically displayed in the form of a 3-dimensional model on a
graphical display device that is in visual proximity to the
individual so that the individual is provided with the information
upon performing the golf swing. The three-dimensional model allows
the individual to selectively view the model at any point during
the golf swing and from any desired angle.
[0023] In another aspect of the invention, a method of comparing at
least two different individuals' performances of a repetitive
motion sequence is provided. The method is accomplished by having
the individuals each perform a repetitive motion sequence. At least
one of the properties a, b and c is monitored during the motion
sequence, wherein the properties a, b and c include:
[0024] (a) motion properties of an object moved by the individuals
during the repetitive motion sequence monitored by an object motion
sensor;
[0025] (b) position properties of the individuals during the motion
sequence monitored by a position properties sensor; and
[0026] (c) movement properties of the individuals during the motion
sequence as monitored by a motion capturing device.
[0027] The at least one of the monitored properties of the
individuals is then compared and comparative feedback is provided,
such as on a graphical display device, based upon differences
between the monitored properties of the individuals. In a
particular embodiment, data relating to the monitored properties of
at least one of the individuals is stored on a data storage device
that is coupled to a communication network and comparing the
monitored properties includes retrieving the stored data of the at
least one individual from the data storage device through the
communication network and comparing the stored data to data of the
other at least two individuals relating to the monitored
properties.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] For a more complete understanding of the present invention,
and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following
description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, in
which:
[0029] FIG. 1 is a general schematic of a repetitive motion
feedback system, constructed in accordance with the invention;
[0030] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a golf bay incorporating the
repetitive motion feedback system for a golf swing, which includes
a graphical display device, and is constructed in accordance with
the invention;
[0031] FIG. 3A is an upper left quadrant display on the graphical
display device of FIG. 2, showing information relating to club and
ball movement and impact;
[0032] FIG. 3B is an alternate upper left quadrant display of the
graphical display device of FIG. 2, showing a simulated pictorial
image of a golf hole and information relating to club and ball
movement;
[0033] FIG. 3C is still another alternate upper left quadrant
display of the graphical display device of FIG. 2, showing
tabulated data relating to club and ball movement;
[0034] FIG. 4A is a upper right quadrant display of the graphical
display device of FIG. 2, showing weight distribution images and
center of gravity;
[0035] FIG. 4B is another upper right quadrant display of the
graphical display device of FIG. 2, showing weight distribution
images and the history or path of the center of gravity;
[0036] FIG. 5A is a lower left quadrant display of the graphical
display device of FIG. 2, showing side-by-side front view video
images of a newly performed and template swing of a user;
[0037] FIG. 5B is a alternate lower left quadrant display of the
graphical display device of FIG. 2, showing side-by-side video
images of the newly performed and template swings, looking
downrange from the side of the user;
[0038] FIG. 6A is a lower right quadrant display of the graphical
display device of FIG. 2, showing a 3-dimensional model image of
the user from an optical motion capturing device, with multiple
images of a golf club illustrating the path of the user's
swing;
[0039] FIG. 6B is an alternate lower left quadrant display of the
graphical display device of FIG. 2, showing a 3-dimensional model
image of the user from an optical motion capturing device, with
lines indicating the arc or path of the user's swing;
[0040] FIG. 6C is another alternate lower left quadrant display of
the graphical display of FIG. 2, showing a 3-dimensional model
image of the user from an optical motion capturing device, with
reference lines showing the orientation of the user's body during a
swing;
[0041] FIG. 7 is a detailed view of a control panel for use in
interfacing with and providing instructions to the feedback
system;
[0042] FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the graphical display device
of FIG. 2, showing a menu displayed with various options that can
be selected by user;
[0043] FIG. 9 is flow diagram illustrating a practice session mode
of operation for a golf swing utilizing the feedback system in
accordance with the invention;
[0044] FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a communication
network interconnecting several practice stations and user systems
in accordance with the invention;
[0045] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a comparison mode of
operation for a golf swing utilizing the feedback system in
accordance with the invention; and
[0046] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a batting cage or bay
incorporating the repetitive motion feedback system for a bat
swing, and which is constructed in accordance with the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] By employing a system wherein various aspects or properties
of a repetitive motion sequence are monitored and immediate
feedback regarding these monitored properties are provided to the
individual performing the repetitive motion sequence, an improved
method of practicing the repetitive motion is obtained. Further,
the feedback can include comparison of the monitored properties to
properties of a model or template motion sequence so that the
individual can determine differences between the performed motion
sequence and the model or template and thereby endeavor to adjust
his or her performance of the motion sequence accordingly during
the practice session to more closely match that of the template or
model.
[0048] The invention has application to virtually any repetitive
motion activity or sequence that may be performed by an individual,
particularly those associated with sports, recreational and other
athletic-type activities or pursuits, particularly those involving
movement of a 3-dimensional physical object, such as a ball, club
or similar object, by the individual through an area of space. The
repetitive motion activity is contrasted and distinguished,
however, from those activities performed solely through interaction
with objects appearing on a video screen or other display, such as
in video games, wherein one interacts with the video display by
means of a joystick, controller or otherwise, by manipulating or
moving an object appearing on a screen or display. The repetitive
motion activities include but are not limited to activities such as
golf, tennis, hitting a baseball, bowling, fencing, etc. that
usually require consistent form or technique to ensure a good
performance.
[0049] For illustrative purposes and ease of description, the
following disclosure is primarily directed to the repetitive motion
of a golf swing. And in fact, the invention is particularly well
suited to the practice of a golf swing. It should be apparent to
those skilled in the art, however, that the invention can be easily
adapted to other activities involving repetitive motion wherein
physical 3-dimensional objects are moved through an area of space,
and should thus not be limited to this particular activity or
repetitive motion.
[0050] In golf, as in most repetitive motion sports, it is highly
beneficial that the individual golfer be able to repeat or
duplicate a swing to ensure good and consistent golf shots. There
are many factors or variables that contribute to a golf swing,
however, variances in any one of these factors is varied to any
degree it can result in a poor swing and less than desirable ball
trajectory. Because the motion sequence that makes up a golf swing
occurs fairly rapidly, there is little opportunity for analyzing
the many variables that make up the swing. And without proper
feedback regarding what is occurring right or wrong during the
swing, many may fail to improve even after many long hours of
practice.
[0051] The present invention utilizes various means for monitoring
certain variables during a golf swing. It may be advantageous to
monitor different variables depending upon the activity or type of
repetitive motion. For golf and many other activities, the
variables monitored may include 1) motion properties of an object
moved by an individual during the repetitive motion sequence; 2)
position properties of the individual during the motion sequence;
and 3) movement properties of the individual during the motion
sequence. Referring to FIG. 1, a general schematic diagram of a
repetitive motion feedback system is shown. Information regarding
these monitored properties of a repetitive motion is detected or
sensed by various devices. These include an object motion sensor
10, a weight placement or pressure distribution sensor 12, a video
camera or cameras 14 and an optical motion capturing system 16.
[0052] Data from the various sensors is provided to a data
processing system 18. The data processing system 18 may be a
computer system having one or more processors, and may include a
personal computer or a network server containing one or more
programs. The data from the sensors is stored in a data storage
device 20, which is coupled to the data processing system 18. The
data storage device may be a semiconductor, magnetic or optical
memory device, and may include such devices as floppy disks, fixed
or hard disks, CD's, magnetic tapes or other devices capable of
storing such data that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Data may be collected and stored continuously, or alternatively
only selected data may be stored during a practice session or
performance of a repetitive motion sequence. The selected data may
be stored or saved at the direction of the individual or an
observer or instructor or upon the occurrence of an event, such as
a particular monitored event.
[0053] In a preferred embodiment, model or template data is stored
in the data storage device coupled to the data processing system.
During a practice session, the data processing system compares the
model or template data to the data collected from the sensors 10,
12, 14, and 16 and provides comparison feedback data or information
based upon the differences between the model or template data and
the newly collected data.
[0054] Preferably, information regarding the monitored properties
is provided or displayed on a user interface that includes a
graphical display device 22 located near or in visual proximity to
the individual performing the repetitive motion so that feedback
regarding the individual's performance is provided to the
individual during or immediately following the motion sequence. The
information may be provided in "real time" either simultaneously
with or immediately after performing the motion sequence.
[0055] Feedback that may be based on the comparison feedback may be
presented on the display device 22 or as audio feedback through a
speaker 24 or both.
[0056] Instructions and user input may be provided to the data
processing system by means of a controller 25.
[0057] In a more specific embodiment, a repetitive motion feedback
system for a golf swing is illustrated in FIG. 2. A practice
station or golf bay 26 similar to those used at driving ranges and
the like is provided. The bay 26 has a driving station area 28
having a ball striking surface or mat 30 of artificial turf or the
like upon which a golf ball can be positioned and struck. The mat
30 may be provided with a tee 32 or similar device for resting or
positioning an actual golf ball. The bay 26 may be located outdoors
or indoors. Preferably, the bay 26 opens onto a driving range or
other open area so that the ball is allowed to travel normally,
thus allowing the user to see the actual flight and path of the
ball down range after it is hit. Alternatively, a net or other
ball-capturing device positioned for arresting the flight of the
ball after it has been hit may be used where space is limited.
[0058] The driving station 28 also includes a weight placement mat
34 upon which the user stands to provide position properties of the
user. The mat 34 is provided with pressure sensors to detect the
weight placement and pressure exerted by the user's feet when
positioned thereon. The weight placement sensor 34 is of the type
that can be coupled to a computer or other data processing device
for processing the weight placement data and provide output of the
weight placement information in a suitable display, such as on a
monitor or screen for monitoring the weight placement of the user
upon the mat. Preferably, the mat 34 provides information to derive
a visual image of the user's feet and the amount or relative degree
of pressure exerted by different areas of each of the user's feet.
Additionally, the position or information regarding the user's
center of gravity is provided so that it too can be displayed and
viewed. An example of one such suitable commercially available
pressure sensor device is that available from Tekscan Inc., Boston,
Mass., and marketed as the ISCAN.RTM. System. Pressure sensor
arrays of the type used in such mats are described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,856,993 and 5,505,072, which are herein incorporated by
reference. Such sensors typically employ two thin sheets of
material that have electrically conductive electrodes deposited in
various patterns on the surface thereof. Typically the electrodes
are arranged in a crisscross or grid pattern, with one sheet having
electrodes arranged as columns and the other as rows that intersect
when positioned one on top of the other. A semi-conductive material
is positioned between the two sheets, and by measuring changes in
the current flow at the intersections of the electrodes, the
applied force or pressure distribution can be measured and
observed.
[0059] An object motion sensor 36 is located adjacent the striking
surface 30. The motion sensor 36 detects motion data of an object
moved by the user. For golf, this includes motion data of both the
club swung by the user and the golf ball that it hits. The
information that the motion sensor 36 detects may include, but is
not limited to, clubface angle at impact, position of impact on the
clubface, ball speed, club speed, ball back spin and side spin
revolution rate, club swing path angle, and ball path and
trajectory data, which includes ball launch angle, off line
distance, final distance from the pin or target, flight time and
ball height.
[0060] The object motion sensor 36 is preferably of the type that
can be coupled to a computer or other data processing device for
processing the object motion data sensed by the sensor 36 and
output the object motion information in a suitable display, such as
on a monitor or screen. An example of one such suitable
commercially available motion detector for monitoring club and ball
dynamics is that available from Focaltron Corporation, Sunnyvale,
Calif., and marketed as the GOLFACHIEVER.TM. System. Preferably,
the object motion sensor is an optical or laser-type motion
detector or tracking device, such as those described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,626,526, and incorporated herein by reference.
[0061] One or more video cameras, such as indicated at 38 and 40,
are positioned about the bay 26 for capturing actual video or
motion images of the user's movement during his or her execution of
a golf swing. The video cameras may be positioned at various angles
and positions to capture different views or perspectives of the
user during their golf swing. In the embodiment shown, the cameras
are positioned and directed at generally right angles from one
another, with one being directed toward the front of the user and
the other directed down range from the side of the user.
[0062] Optical motion capturing cameras 42 are positioned at
elevated positions near the ceiling at several locations around the
bay 26. In the embodiment shown, a total of six such cameras are
used. The cameras 42 are high-resolution, visible red or infrared
cameras of the type used in optical motion capturing systems. In
such systems, retro-reflective markers, such as the markers 50, 52
and 54, are attached to the user and/or object moved by the user at
different strategic points. These cameras are located around the
individual and used with specialized software that can be provided
with a computer 44, as shown in FIG. 2, to triangulate the
different views from each camera to establish 3-dimensional X, Y, Z
coordinates or data in what is referred to as a translation step.
This is combined with rotational data from the angles of links
between various joint centers, as determined by the markers. By
combining this translational and rotational data, an output of a
3-dimensional model of the user can be created and displayed on a
graphical display device. This data can also be used for comparison
feedback and instruction purposes when comparing data from a
practice swing to a template or model swing.
[0063] Such optical motion capturing systems are known in the art
for providing computer-generated animated figures for motion
pictures and the like. An example of a suitable commercially
available optical motion capturing system is available from Vicon
Motion Systems, Oxford, England, and marketed as the VICON.TM. 460
Motion System.
[0064] The computer 44 is provided for processing data regarding
the user's golf swing, such as the motion data from the optical
motion capturing system just described. Each of the weight
placement sensor, object motion sensor and visual or motion
information detection device are coupled to the computer 44. The
computer 44 is provided with programs or software that enables the
information and data from these devices to be stored and processed
to provide the desired feedback to the user.
[0065] Information can also be input into the computer by the user
by means of a suitable control or input mechanism, such as the
control panel 46. The control panel 46 may be used in conjunction
with a graphical display device 48 for inputting data, commands or
instructions for the computer 44.
[0066] The graphical display device 48 is preferably located at a
position adjacent to or in visual proximity to the user. The device
48 may include a cathode-ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display
(LCD) device or other similar device commonly used for displaying
moving images. Such devices may include one or more conventional,
projection or flat screen televisions or monitors.
[0067] In the particular embodiment shown, the screen of the
display device 48 is split into four quadrants 56A-56D, with each
quadrant providing different information, which will be described
in more detail below. It should be apparent to those skilled in the
art, that a variety of different methods and display formats may be
used, however.
[0068] A speaker 58 is also located within bay 26 for providing
audio feedback to the user. Alternatively, headphones or other
means for providing audio feedback may be provided. In a preferred
embodiment, prerecorded natural or synthetically verbalized audio
feedback is provided.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 3A, the upper left quadrant 56A of the
display device 48 is shown in greater detail. The quadrant 56A
provides information from the motion sensor 36 relating to the
dynamics and movement of the golf club and ball as the user moves
them, as well as information regarding a selected simulated hole
being played. As can be seen, the quadrant 56A is divided further
into various panels or windows, with information being provided in
both a textual format as well as in pictorial or animated images
displayed within the panels. As can be seen, images representing
the simulated hole and projected ball path, club angle during
impact, etc. are shown. The information and format displayed can be
varied, however. In the particular embodiment shown, panels 60, 62
display an animated or pictorial representation of the ball path
projection in relation to a hole or target 59, with panel 60 being
a front elevational view and panel 62 being a side elevational
view. The hole or target 59 may correspond in distance and
appearance to one or more actual holes or marker pins located
downrange at a driving range or other open area to which the bay 26
opens. Other views of the simulated hole and ball projection may be
provided as well. Distance marker indicia 61 can be provided to
indicate the distance of the ball from the tee or starting point,
which corresponds to the actual tee 32 of mat 30.
[0070] Panel 64 is a snapshot pictorial representation of the golf
club swing path upon impact with the golf ball. Panel 66 is a
snapshot pictorial representation of the clubface position,
indicating the degree to which the clubface is closed or open upon
impact. Panel 68 is a pictorial representation of the ball and club
indicating the take off orientation of the ball with respect to the
clubface upon impact. Such pictorial representations provide
information of each of the user's shots.
[0071] In addition to pictorial images, textual information can be
provided as well. Panel 70 provides summarized tabulated
statistical information regarding the dynamics of the golf club and
ball movement during the executed golf swing. Data can be compiled
so that a history of several of the user's shots can be presented
on screen.
[0072] FIG. 3B is an alternate down range perspective view of the
simulated golf hole view that can be selected and presented in
quadrant 56A. It too may include textual and tabulated data, as
well as pictorial and animated images.
[0073] FIG. 3C shows an alternate screen for quadrant 56A showing
solely tabulated data for several shots that can be selected by
means of the control panel 46. The user can switch between the
different views of the quadrant 56A as desired. An example of the
type of information that can be provided is presented below in
Table 1 below.
1TABLE 1 Shot 1 2 3 4 Last Average Max Ball Path Height (yd) 26 7
23 25 25 21.2 yd Flight Time (sec) 7.2 4.0 6.7 7.1 7.0 6.4 sec
Distance of Ball From Pin (ft) 24.3 119.1 97.4 9.6 52.0 60.5 ft
Distance Off Line (yd) 8 4 10 -3 -1 3.6 +/- 5 yd Position of Face
Impact Ctr. Heel Toe Heel Ctr. T/C/H: 1/2/2 Face Angle 3.9.degree.
1.0.degree. 7.1.degree. -1.8.degree. 0.5.degree. 2.1.degree. +/-
3.degree. Swing Path Angle 1.degree. -2.degree. 3.degree. 1.degree.
1.degree. 1.degree. +/- 2.degree. Distance (yd) 147 111 119 150 133
132 +/- 15 yd Sidespin (rpm) -147 333 -407 93 -120 -50 rpm Backspin
(rpm) 6974 3298 6790 6734 7090 6177 +/- 1445 rpm Launch Angle
22.3.degree. 9.6.degree. 27.3.degree. 21.1.degree. 25.5.degree.
21.2.degree. +/- 6.2.degree. Clubhead Speed (mph) 78 80 73 78 78 77
+/- 2 mph Ball Speed (mph) 105 101 90 105 98 100 +/-6 mph
[0074] FIGS. 4A and 4B show details of upper right quadrant 56B of
the display device 48. In the embodiment shown, quadrant 56B
provides information from the weight placement mat or sensor 34
relating to position properties of the user's feet and center of
gravity. The position properties monitored include the weight
placement or distribution, orientation and alignment of the user's
feet and changes or movement in the weight distribution and
position and alignment that occur during execution of the swing. A
model or template stance 72 can be provided on the display in
relation to the ball or tee 32 to illustrate a preferred stance for
a particular club or shot being played, such as provided by
template information. This assists the user in proper positioning
of his or her feet during the swing for correct setup and
alignment. Actual footprint images 74 showing different pressure
areas, such as the areas 76, 78, from the sensor 34 are also
displayed. The actual images 74 preferably are simultaneously
displayed so that the user can adjust his or her stance or
alignment by viewing the display and adjusting their stance
accordingly to more appropriately match that of the model 72.
[0075] The pressure areas 76, 78, which may be one or more
differently colored or contrasted regions, indicate the relative
degree of pressure exerted by the user's feet upon the mat 34. This
allows the user or others viewing the display to identify the area
of the feet where the user exerts the most weight or pressure.
Thus, for example, by indication of the regions 76, 78 one may
determine that the user primarily places most of his or her weight
on the inside portion of the left foot during all or part of the
swing.
[0076] A marker 80 indicating the user's center of gravity is also
displayed. FIG. 4A shows the initial location of the center of
gravity. FIG. 4B, shows the history and path of the center of
gravity during a swing, as indicated by the dashed line 82. As
illustrated, the center of gravity is shown shifting or moving to
the right, such as during a backswing of the user, and then to the
left and slightly forward, such as may occur during a forward
swing.
[0077] Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, a detailed view of the
displayed information presented in lower left quadrant 56C is
shown. FIGS. 5A and 5B provide different views of the user, as
provided by the video cameras 38, 40 discussed previously, with
FIG. 5A being a front view of the user, and FIG. 5B being a side
view looking downrange. The different views may be selected by the
user by means of the control panel 46. Other views may be provided
as well.
[0078] In the embodiment shown, the quadrant 56C is divided
vertically into left and right screens or sections 84, 86,
respectively. One of the sections, such as section 84 provides the
actual moving image or an animated representation of the user
during the user's actual golf swing. The other section 86 can
provide a moving image of a model or template swing. The model
image provided in section 86 may be of a previously performed swing
of the user himself or of another, such as a professional
instructor or coach, performing the same or a similar swing. As
discussed previously, the images may be actual images of those
performing the swing, such as video images, or may be an animated
representation of the user. Preferably, the images of the sections
84, 86 are synchronized as close as possible when viewed so that
when the user begins his or her back swing, the back swing of the
model or template also commences. The images may be superimposed
one upon the other for comparison purposes, as well.
[0079] A marked path or history of the swing may be displayed by
motion or tracking lines, shown as the dashed lines 88, 90. These
lines are formed by tracking markers attached to the club or user
during the swing that are perceived and monitored by the video
cameras 38, 40. This enables one to view the range of motion during
the swing and facilitates comparison of the user's image with that
of the model or template.
[0080] FIGS. 6A-6C show various displayable views of 3-dimensional
models created by the optical motion capturing system, such as the
VICON.TM. 460 Motion System previously discussed, employing the
cameras 42 and various markers, such as the markers 50, 52, 54.
These are displayed in lower left quadrant 56D. The optical motion
capturing system provides different 3-dimensional models of the
user 85. FIG. 6A illustrates various positions of the user's club
91 during the swing. FIG. 6B shows the swing path arc 89 during the
swing, which is determined by the path of a single point on the
club 91. FIG. 6C shows the position of the user's body during the
swing. As can be seen, a line 93 representing a vertical axis of
the user, which generally indicates the position of the user's
spine is provided. Further, a line 95 passing through and
indicating the position of the user's shoulders and a line 97
passing through and indicating the position of the user's hips is
also provided. These lines are determined by means of links made
between markers attached to the user's body, such as the markers
50, 52 and 54. Additionally, lines of sight 99 are also provided
that generally indicate where the user is looking when the user is
looking in a straight forward position. The sight lines 99 are
established by the orientation of the user's head, as determined by
markers positioned thereon.
[0081] In this way, the relative orientation and position of the
user's body during the swing can be determined to allow the user to
see what is occurring during the swing. The different views can be
rotated by means of the controller 46 so that the user can observe
the displayed 3-dimensional models from any angle or orientation.
Further, the user can rewind or playback the images and stop or
start the different images from any point during the swing, such as
at the beginning of the back swing, top of the swing or follow
through.
[0082] FIG. 7 shows detail of the control panel 46. The control
panel 46 may be a pointing or highlighting device for use with a
graphical interface provided on the display 48. The graphical
interface can be in the form of a menu, such as the menu 92 (FIG.
8) having several menu options 94 located on the screen of the
display 48. The menu 92 may be positioned and configured in a
variety of different ways. The device 46 is composed of four
buttons 96A-96D for up, down, left and right movement of a cursor
or pointer over the menu 92 for highlighting or pointing to the
various menu options 94. A button 98 for selecting the highlighted
menu option is provided in the center of the control panel 46. The
control panel 46 is located at a position for ease of access to the
user when positioned on or near the driving station 30, but that
does not interfere with the movement of the user during execution
of the golf swing. In the embodiment shown, the control panel is
located on a wall of the bay 26 immediately below the display
device 48 and within a short distance so that the user can reach
the buttons of the control panel with the end of his or her golf
club. The buttons 96A-96D and 98 are also of sufficient size to
enable the user to easily target and contact the desired button
with the club end with little chance of selecting the wrong
button.
[0083] Alternatively to the control panel 46, a conventional
keyboard or mouse provided with the computer 44 can also be used to
input various commands or instructions or select the desired menu
options.
[0084] The operation of the feedback system in practicing a golf
swing is described with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 9. A
practice session is shown beginning at 100. An individual enters
user data and identifying information 102 for the practice session.
This may be initial user data, such as the user's name, etc. so
that a user database is created for associating and storing data
collected during the user's practice session. Additionally, users
may enter data and identifying information so that the computer 44
can access and retrieve any previously stored user data, such as
stored swings and template data. This may be accomplished by the
user providing a removable data storage device, such as a diskette
or CD, from one or more previous practice sessions with the user
data contained therein. Alternatively, the user data may be stored
on a server or computer system at the practice facility or that can
be accessed through the practice facility server or computer
system, which may be interconnected or networked with other
computers or servers containing the user data.
[0085] The user is outfitted with markers, such as the markers 50,
52, 54, for use with the optical motion capturing device, as
previously described. These may be positioned on the user's hat,
glove and the golf club. Markers can also be positioned across the
user's shoulders, waist and other areas, if desired. Once the user
information is entered, the user then selects desired variables and
information 104. This may be accomplished by means of the control
panel 46 and displayed menu 92 presented on the display 48, which
presents various options to select. The menu may prompt the user as
to whether the user wants to begin a new session or continue an old
session that was previously stored in a data storage device that is
provided with the computer 44. The menu may prompt the user to
select a desired hole and any hole variables, such as wind,
temperature, conditions of grass, elevation, etc. Alternatively, in
step 104, the computer 44 can provide or assign a random hole and
hole variables and provide the information regarding the hole, such
as distance to the hole, etc. on the display in quadrant 56A. Once
the hole is selected, the user chooses a desired club and enters
any club and ball information, such as club type and brand of the
club, ball type and brand, tee height, or any other information or
variable that may affect the user's performance.
[0086] Once the user enters the selected information, the user can
begin his or her set up and alignment 106 for the practice swing.
During setup and alignment the user positions a ball on the tee 32
and takes position upon the mat 30 and addresses the ball. The
computer 44 will provide a template or model stance on the display
48, as indicated by the model stance 72, as in FIG. 3A, based upon
the hole being played and the information entered by the user, such
as the club being used. The model stance may be derived from a
previously recorded stance of the user or of another that indicates
proper alignment and set up for the hole and club being used.
[0087] In step 108, the weight placement sensor 34 will sense the
users position and actual footprint images 74 of the user will be
displayed so that the user can adjust his or her stance accordingly
to more closely match that of the model 72. Audio instruction
feedback can be provided to the user through the speaker 58 or
other audio feedback device to prompt the user regarding the
differences in the user's actual stance and that of the template so
that the user is afforded an opportunity to adjust their stance in
step 110. This is accomplished by comparing the actual weight
distribution data of the user from the sensor 34 to the previously
stored template or model data for the model stance.
[0088] Once the user is in position and ready, the user executes
his or her practice swing 112 while the properties of the swing are
monitored 114. The object motion sensor 36 will sense and monitor
the impact of the club and ball. During the practice session, the
video cameras 38, 40 and cameras 42 of the optical motion capturing
system can be continuously recording and monitoring. The data from
the sensors is provided to the computer 44 or other data processing
system. The computer 44 will provide real-time feedback from the
data monitored by the various devices to the user on the display so
that the user sees the results immediately upon completion of his
or her swing. This will include the display of non-comparative
monitored data feedback 116. Additionally, the monitored data is
compared to the template swing in step 118 and comparative feedback
120 is displayed so that the user can see the differences between
the swing performed and the template swing.
[0089] The displayed feedback 116, 120 will include the playback of
the recorded information from the video and optical motion
capturing devices made during the swing and the weight placement
images. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B of quadrant 56C, the video of
the user is played back in a side-by-side comparison to a stored
template image in section 86. The stored template image may also be
superimposed with the performed swing. As discussed previously,
these should be synchronized as close as possible so that the model
swing generally coincides with the executed swing during playback.
This may be accomplished by monitoring the moment of ball impact
and providing playback for the recorded events that occur a
selected period of time prior to and after the sensed impact of the
club with the ball, which is sufficient to provide playback of the
entire swing. The impact of the club and ball may be monitored or
detected by means of the motion sensor 36, or the mat 30 or tee 32
may be provided with a sensor, such as a pressure, optical or audio
sensor, to monitor the moment of impact. The recorded playback may
include recorded images beginning from a time window beginning from
the first seconds or fraction of a second proceeding the impact of
the club with the ball, and continuing for the seconds or fraction
of a second after impact with the ball to include both the back
swing and follow through of the club.
[0090] The optical motion capturing device will also provide a
3-dimensional model of the user during his or her swing in quadrant
56D. Preferably, the playback of the weight placement data in
quadrant 56B, the video images in quadrant 56C and the
three-dimensional animated model of quadrant 56D include the same
time window and are all synchronized so that when viewed
simultaneously on the display device 48 they all correspond to the
same point in the swing.
[0091] Instruction feedback 124, based upon the compared actual and
template swings, in the form of visual or audio feedback is also
provided. Audio feedback may include prerecorded natural or
synthesized verbal audio instruction feedback, which is announced
over the speaker 58 or other audio feedback device after execution
of the swing.
[0092] For example, during the swing, the user's weight placement
may be off, with too much weight being placed on the right foot
during the back swing, as compared to the template. Additionally,
the user may have swung "outside in" by several degrees.
Accordingly, stored audio verbal instructions that are assigned to
such monitored swing characteristics may be played after the swing
to inform the user too much weight was placed on the right foot
during the back swing and that the club was swung from outside in.
Such instructions could also be displayed as text or images on the
display device 48 as well. This provides a means for the user to
determine errors or mistakes that might not otherwise be apparent
without observation by a coach or instructor.
[0093] Because the dynamics of a golf swing are fairly complex,
numerous variables and data may be monitored by the different
sensors and compared by the computer to the template swing. There
may be more information or feedback for instructions on differences
between the actual swing and the template swing than would be
practical to the user. Too much information or too many
instructions could actually overwhelm or frustrate the user. The
number of instructions can therefore be varied depending upon the
skill level of the user, such as beginner, intermediate and expert,
with the number of instruction increasing with the level of
expertise.
[0094] A filter 122 can be used to limit the number of instructions
provided to the user prior to providing the instruction feedback
124. This may be in the form of a program or routine provided with
the computer or data processing system that selects only those
aspects of the swing where differences in the data between the
actual swing and template swing are greatest to be provided as
instruction feedback. Thus, a small manageable number of
instructions may be presented or provided in the instruction
feedback. The user could also create a filter in step 104 by
selecting the desired properties or aspects they want to monitor
and desire to be provided as instruction feedback.
[0095] The filtering feature has particular application during
coaching or training when the instructor desires the individual
performing the golf swing to only focus or concentrate on certain
aspects of the swing. The instructor can select the desired
properties of the swing to be monitored so that the instruction
feedback only relates to those properties. For example, the
instructor may want the user to concentrate on maintaining their
head in a level head down position with the user's eyes focused on
the ball. By selecting the monitored properties related to head
position and movement and filtering out other feedback, instruction
feedback can be provided by the system to the user regarding the
position of their head during the swing. This focuses the student
on the areas that may need the most improvement.
[0096] The feedback information will usually be provided within a
few seconds after the swing, and in most instances no more than the
typical flight time of the golf ball after it is hit. The
information is thus provided so that the user can see the results
of his or her swing in real time immediately afterwards. This will
include the information from the object motion sensor 36 regarding
the dynamics of the club and ball, such as distance, speed,
projected path, etc., as previously discussed, as well as the
weight placement, video and motion capture playback.
[0097] After the execution of the swing and feedback have been
provided, the user may want to replay and study the feedback
information 126. Different views for this purpose may also be
selected by means of the control panel and on-screen menu. The user
may want to review and replay the weight placement images of the
model swing while also viewing the weight placement images from his
or her actual swing. Thus, the user may select that quadrant 56D
display weight placement properties of the model. The user may also
want to enlarge one of the quadrants 56A-56D so that a full screen
image on the display device 48 is provided.
[0098] The user can play, stop, reverse or forward through the
playback of the images presented on the display 48 by means of the
control panel 46 and selected menu options presented on the screen
48. This allows the user to stop at various points in the swing or
play the swing in slow motion or incrementally for a more detailed
review of the swing. Because the images are synchronized and shown
simultaneously, the user can also see how the weight placement data
in quandrant 56B various at different positions in the swing, as
shown by the motion images displayed in quandrants 56C and 56D.
[0099] The instruction feedback can also inform the user on aspects
of the swing where the greatest differences were monitored from the
model swing. The user can then replay and study the images to see
what actually occurred during the swing where the greatest
differences where monitored.
[0100] Upon completion of the swing, the user can end the practice
session 134 or continue the practice session, in which case steps
104 or 106 are repeated and the process begins again, with each
swing being monitored and data and feedback being provided with
each new swing.
[0101] Typically, the data from each swing will be entered and
stored only temporarily in the computer's or data processing
system's memory. The user, however, can save data 130 for selected
swings prior to continuing so that they can be recalled and
replayed at another time. Additionally, the user or an instructor
can save one or more of the swings for use as template or model
swing in this steps. Thus, the user can use one of his or her
swings that was a particularly good swing for comparison with
future swings.
[0102] At the end of the practice session 134, the user may
retrieve stored user data 136 from the practice session, which can
be copied onto a removable data storage device such as a diskette
or CD. The user can then remove and take the diskette or CD with
them and use it at the same or another similar facility for a
future practice session or sessions. Additionally, the user may
want to use the diskette or CD containing the information on a
personal computer system for replay and review of the stored data.
In this way, the user can make further study of his or her golf
swings at a convenient time and place.
[0103] In accordance with the invention, several practice stations
of the type just described can be provided at a single location.
Thus, several bays, such as the bays 26, may be provided at a
suitable facility, such as a driving range, so that several users
can be accommodated simultaneously for practicing their golf swing
utilizing the repetitive motion feedback system. Referring to FIG.
10, a communication network is shown, wherein each of the practice
stations, such as the practice stations 140, 142 and 144, may be
coupled to a local network server or central computer system 146
for collecting, processing and storing the monitored repetitive
motion data and providing feedback output at the practice station
facility. Other practices stations may also be provided at
different geographic locations, such as the stations 148, 150 and
152, with each of these being coupled or communicating with a
server or computer system 154. These computer systems may in turn
be networked together or to a larger network 156 that is composed
of other interconnected network servers or computer systems, such
as the Internet, and which may include one or more data storage
networks for storing user data from the individual practice session
facilities.
[0104] After a user has completed a practice session, instead of
relying on storing the user data on a removable data storage
device, the user may rely on the stored data stored on the facility
computer system or other data storage computer system or network
where such data is stored. Thus, if the user utilizes another
practice facility having a server or computer system that is
networked or connected to the server containing the user's data,
the user will be able to retrieve and access such stored data at
the other facility to begin a new practice session. In this way, by
merely entering identifying information sufficient to allow the
user's data to identified and accessed, the user can retrieve his
or her previously stored user data for use with a new practice
session.
[0105] Additionally, users who want to access their user data for
replay and review can do so from a remote personal computer,
network or Internet terminal, such as indicated by the user systems
158, which is interconnected, by modem, cable or other device, with
the network or server containing the stored data. Such user systems
158 may be provided with appropriate software or programs to
provide a suitable display of the user data that is the same or
similar to the display provided by the display device during the
user's practice session. Instructors wishing to monitor their
students performance may also be able to access the user's
information from a remote location.
[0106] One application of the present repetitive motion feedback
system is for use in a game, competition or other comparative
activity, in which users are able to compete against one another or
compare performances of the repetitive motion activity. This is
accomplished by using repetitive motion data that is monitored
utilizing the repetitive motion feedback system described herein
from various users or individuals in a comparison user database
that are stored in one or more servers or computer systems that are
interconnected, as has been described with reference to FIG. 10, to
allow the data from the various users to be accessed and retrieved
at different stations or locations.
[0107] Referring to FIG. 11, a flow diagram illustrating a
competitive or comparative mode of operation is shown. The
competitive mode is similar to the practice mode, previously
described. The user begins a session 160 and enters user data or
identifying information 162 in much the same way as the practice
session. The user then selects a competitive mode and assigns any
necessary variables or information 164 needed for the competition
or comparison. It is possible that the user may want to switch
between practice and competitive modes, with a menu option or
prompt being provided to select the mode of use. In the competitive
mode, variables may include different competitive modes that the
user can compare or compete in with other users. Additionally, the
user may want to continue a previously conducted comparison or
competition session that is stored and accessed when the user
enters his or her user information.
[0108] These competitive modes may vary with any one or more of the
various aspects measured by the feedback system being monitored for
comparison. Thus, for example, one mode may be for the longest
drive with a certain type of club. Another may include a
combination of monitored aspects, such as closest distance to hole
with shortest flight time. One mode may include most consistent
form, wherein the user takes several swings that are compared to a
template swing. Still another example may include a most improved
user, wherein the user's performance as compared to a model or
template swing is monitored over time to see how the user improves
over a period of time in more closely matching the template swing
or an aspect of the template swing. By measuring differences
between the user's swings to the template, values can be determined
as to the overall differences. These values can then be compared to
other users to provide a hierarchy or ranking of those with the
most consistent or improved performance.
[0109] As can be seen, the number of different modes or comparative
measurements can vary widely and is only limited by the different
data that is monitored and presented. Thus, a comparative mode
could be based on any one or combination of two or more monitored
properties or aspects of the monitored swing or repetitive motion.
The comparison may also include other variables, categories or
different user groups categorized by such criteria as age, sex,
handicap, skill level, etc.
[0110] Once the user selects the comparative mode, the database(s)
where the comparative user data for that particular mode is stored
is accessed and retrieved 166. The graphical display may list
comparative data 168 of other performer(s) and provide an output of
the highest ranked performers' comparative information. The user
then executes his or her swing 170 and the data or properties from
the swing are monitored 172 and feedback provided 174. Preferably,
the result of the user's swing in comparison with those of other
comparative users is displayed immediately or in real time so that
the user sees the results of his or her swing upon its execution.
Audio or visual feedback, much like the instruction feedback
described for the practice mode, can also be provided to the user
so that user is informed on their performance compared to the
highest ranked user or other users.
[0111] The user may replay and review their performance 176, as in
the practice mode. The user may also be allowed to replay and
review the monitored performance of other comparative user's on the
display device, such as a particular individual or the top
performer or performers, in the same way.
[0112] Depending upon the user's performance, the user may decide
to store the swing in the comparison user database 180 for
comparison or competition purposes or disregard the swing 178.
Alternatively, in comparison mode, the swing may be automatically
stored or may be designated as a comparative swing prior to
execution for comparison or competition purposes so that the user
must rely on his or her executed swing, regardless of their
particular performance during execution of the swing. The user may
then continue the session 182 by executing another swing, with one
or more swings being stored for comparison purposes, or an average
or other statistical compilation of several swings for each user
may be used.
[0113] The competition or comparative mode may continue
indefinitely or end after a period of time, with a winner or best
performer being determined at the end of the selected time period
of competition. Upon ending the session 184, the user may be
provided with an updated or final comparative ranking 186. Users
can monitor the status of such competitions at home or remote
locations by accessing the database from a computer or remote user
system, such as the user system 158 of FIG. 10, interconnected with
the database(s) where the comparative data is stored.
[0114] FIG. 12 shows a batting cage or bay 26' incorporating the
repetitive motion feedback system of the invention. The batting
cage 26' is similar to the golf bay 26 of FIG. 2, with similar
components designated with the same reference numerals and
indicated with a prime symbol. In batting, the ball may be hit from
a stationary position, as when positioned on a tee (not shown), or
may be pitched or otherwise directed by another or apitching
machine (not shown) to the user as a moving target. As can be seen,
the motion sensor 36' is positioned alongside the user and
configured to monitor the motion properties in the area where the
bat and ball contact one another when the ball is hit. The feedback
system and modes of operation for batting are generally the same as
those previously described with respect to golf.
[0115] The invention has several advantages over the prior art. The
feedback system does not employ cumbersome devices that are
typically not used during normal performance of the repetitive
motion activity. The repetitive motion feedback system provides a
means for determining detailed information regarding a user's
performance of the repetitive motion. There is no need for a coach
or instructor to oversee the user during his or her performance to
provide feedback and instruction. In fact, the feedback system can
provide more detailed information regarding the repetitive motion
than most coaches or instructors can usually provide by mere
observation of the performer.
[0116] The information is provided immediately in real time upon
performing the repetitive motion so that the user can review and
study the information immediately after the performance and during
his or her practice session.
[0117] Feedback can be provided by the feedback system based upon
differences in the user's performance to a template. This allows
the user to know what the user is doing differently from the
template and allows the user to attempt correction of the
repetitive motion. Affirmative instruction feedback can also be
provided based upon the differences between the performed activity
and the template so that the user knows what he or she is doing
wrong without having to make detailed study. Further, based upon
the instruction feedback, the user can review or replay the
displayed repetitive motion sequence to focus on those things
indicated by the instruction feedback that were occurring during
the performance so the user can see just what and how it
occurred.
[0118] Data regarding the user's performances can be stored and
accessed through a communication network so that the user can
access and review the information at a different place and time, as
well. The user can see past performances and monitor improvements
in the repetitive motion activity or see differences between past
and future performances.
[0119] The feedback system also can be used by coaches and
instructors, as well, to help them analyze an individuals
performance and thereby provide more effective instruction. The
coach or instructor may also assist the user in determining or
selecting a suitable template or model repetitive motion sequence
for future comparison purposes.
[0120] The device can be used in facilitating selection of
equipment used during the repetitive motion sequence. The feedback
system allows the individual to analyze their performance and see
how they perform with different equipment, such as shoes, rackets,
clubs, balls, etc.
[0121] The feedback system can also be used to compare the user's
performance with other performers. Thus, the system can be used as
a game or competition wherein individual users can compete or
compare their performances with one another. A number of different
feedback systems can be interconnected by a communication network
so that users can compete with one another or access their own
information from different locations.
[0122] While the invention has been shown in only some of its
forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is
not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes and
modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be
construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the
invention.
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