U.S. patent application number 10/189491 was filed with the patent office on 2003-01-09 for modeling composition, method of preparing modeling material using said modeling composition, modeling material, and modeling method using said modeling material.
This patent application is currently assigned to GIRAFFE CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Ebata, Kenichi, Takai, Yoshikazu.
Application Number | 20030005858 10/189491 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 18266847 |
Filed Date | 2003-01-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20030005858 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Takai, Yoshikazu ; et
al. |
January 9, 2003 |
Modeling composition, method of preparing modeling material using
said modeling composition, modeling material, and modeling method
using said modeling material
Abstract
An object of the present invention is to provide a modeling
composition, which sets at room temperature by just the addition of
a prescribed amount of water, is excellent in elasticity, has a
high gel strength, is excellent in terms of safety, and with which
a modeling material can be molded readily at low cost. The modeling
composition of the present invention contains 100 weight parts of
glucomannan, 1 to 100 weight parts or more preferably 2 to 75
weight parts of a basic curing agent, 9 to 500 weight parts or more
preferably 50 to 250 weight parts of a neutral solute, 0 to 30
weight parts or more preferably 1 to 20 weight parts of a tempering
agent, and 0 to 300 weight parts or more preferably 1 to 150 weight
parts of a modifier.
Inventors: |
Takai, Yoshikazu;
(Fukuoka-ken, JP) ; Ebata, Kenichi; (Fukuoka-ken,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE, MION, ZINN, MACPEAK & SEAS, PLLC
2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Washington
DC
20037
US
|
Assignee: |
GIRAFFE CO., LTD.
|
Family ID: |
18266847 |
Appl. No.: |
10/189491 |
Filed: |
July 8, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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10189491 |
Jul 8, 2002 |
|
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09529373 |
Apr 12, 2000 |
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6432188 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
106/205.01 ;
106/205.3; 106/205.31; 106/205.6; 106/205.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 6/90 20200101; C08L
5/14 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
106/205.01 ;
106/205.3; 106/205.31; 106/205.6; 106/205.9 |
International
Class: |
C08L 003/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 17, 1997 |
JP |
9-333509 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A modeling composition characterized in containing 100 weight
parts of glucomannan, 1 to 100 weight parts or more preferably 2 to
75 weight parts of a basic curing agent, 9 to 500 weight parts or
more preferably 50 to 250 weight parts of a neutral solute, 0 to 30
weight parts or more preferably 1 to 20 weight parts of a tempering
agent, and 0 to 300 or more preferably 1 to 150 weight parts of a
modifier.
2. A modeling composition as set forth in claim 1, wherein said
basic curing agent is comprised of one or more types of substances
selected from among metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide,
potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, and
magnesium hydroxide, metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate,
potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate,
barium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate, basic amino acids, such
as L-arginine and L-lysine, amines, such as amyl amine, diethyl
amine, and 2-amino ethanol, and borates, such as ammonium borate,
calcium borate, sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, and methyl
ammonium hydrogen tetraborate, said neutral solute is comprised of
one or more types of substances selected from among electrolytic
solutes, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium
chloride, and non-electrolytic solutes, such as glucose, sucrose,
sugar, fructose, invertase, and other sugars, said tempering agent
is comprised of one or more types of substances selected from among
natural high polymers such as agar, locust bean gum, tragacanth
gum, carrageenan, guar gum, and pullulan, and said modifier is
comprised of one or more types of substances selected from among
inorganic compounds, such as titanium oxide, activated clay, acid
clay, plaster, talc, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, quartz sand,
silica and other silicates, calcium carbonate, etc., and organic
compounds, such as nylon powder, etc.
3. A modeling material preparation method characterized in that a
modeling material composition as set forth in claim 1 or 2 is mixed
with an amount of water which is 300 to 3600 weight parts or more
preferably 300 to 1200 weight parts per 100 weight parts of said
glucomannan and at the same time with which the concentration of
the said neutral solute will be from 3 weight % to saturated with
respect to the water.
4. A modeling material preparation method as set forth in claim 3,
wherein a. a gel forming agent, comprised of 100 weight parts of
said glucomannan, 0 to 30 weight parts or more preferably 1 to 20
weight parts of said tempering agent, and 0 to 150 weight parts or
more preferably 1 to 100 weight parts of said modifier, and b. an
aqueous solution, made by dissolving 1 to 100 weight parts or more
preferably 2 to 75 weight parts of said basic curing agent and 9 to
500 weight parts or more preferably 50 to 250 weight parts of said
neutral solute in 300 to 3600 weight parts or more preferably 300
to 1200 weight parts of water and then adding a pH adjuster to
adjust the pH to 6 to 12 or more preferably 7 to 12, are prepared,
and said gel forming agent and said aqueous solution are mixed
together.
5. A modeling material preparation method as set forth in claim 4,
wherein said pH adjuster is comprised of at least one type of
substance selected from among organic acids, such as acetic acid,
lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, glycine, etc., salts of
such organic acids, and inorganic acids, such as boric acid,
phosphoric acid, and aluminic acid.
6. A modeling material preparation method as set forth in claim 4,
wherein said tempering agent is comprised of 5 to 20 weight parts
or more preferably 6 to 15 weight parts of agar and said pH
adjuster is comprised of 1 to 20 weight parts or more preferably 6
to 15 weight parts of acetic acid.
7. A modeling material characterized in being prepared by a
modeling material preparation in any one of claims 3 through 6.
8. A modeling method comprised of a pressing process in which the
modeling material of claim 7 is pressed against the subject to be
modeled, and a setting process, in which said modeling material
that has been pressed in said pressing process is set.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention concerns a modeling composition
suitable for preparing modeling material for modeling rows of teeth
for dental treatment or for manufacture of mouthpieces for
protection of the oral cavity during rugby, boxing, or other sports
activity, for modeling the external ear for the manufacture of
compact, order-made hearing aids to be inserted in the external
auditory canal, for modeling a foot for manufacturing order-made
shoes, for modeling the digits of a hand, foot, etc., for
manufacture of silicon rubber replicates, etc., for compensating
for the loss of such body parts, for the manufacture of replicas of
humans, animals, and other natural objects and articles, etc., for
model-making and other hobbies, and for molding of automobile
parts, etc. The present invention also concerns a method of
preparing a modeling material using the abovementioned modeling
composition, a modeling material obtained by the modeling material
preparation method, and a modeling method using the abovementioned
modeling material.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] In recent years, various modeling materials have been
developed, for example, for dental treatment, manufacture of
protective equipment, and the modeling of parts for hobby or
industrial use. For example, synthetic resins, such as polysiloxane
rubbers, polysulfide rubbers, polyether rubbers, and silicone
resins, and natural high polymers, such as agar and alginic acid,
are used as modeling material for obtaining the impression of a row
of teeth.
[0003] However, synthetic resins are cold-set by a chemical
reaction, and though being easy to use, are high in cost, and in
cases of use inside an oral cavity, there is a danger of clogging
the bronchus since the fluidity is high. Also, when such a
synthetic resin is imbibed erroneously, it may have an adverse
effect on the human body since it cannot be digested.
[0004] Among natural high polymer modeling materials, those having
agar as the main component are thermoplastic materials. These thus
accompany difficult control of temperature during handling and thus
a danger of burns, etc. With modeling materials having alginic acid
as the main component, large amounts of water are contained in the
structural gaps of the hardened gel and since this water is
released after setting, large changes occur with time and the
dimensional precision is low.
[0005] Various natural high polymer modeling materials that can
take the place of alginic acid and agar have thus been examined
recently. Among such materials, konnyaku has been used as a food
from old and since it has been confirmed to be extremely high in
safety, the use of konnyaku as a modeling material is being
examined.
[0006] For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. Sho
60-19471 discloses a modeling material, which uses glucomannan and
with which glucomannan and water are heated to 90.degree. C. or
more upon addition of a basic catalyst and then used for modeling,
etc. However, since this modeling material requires a high
temperature process, it was difficult to use on a human body.
[0007] As a glucomannan that can be set at room temperature,
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. Hei 5-194603 discloses a
transparent glucomannan gel, which is comprised of glucomannan, a
tetravalent borate, and water, and has a water content of 95 weight
% to 99.5 weight %. However, since the water content is high, the
gel has a low hardness even after setting and thus cannot be used
as modeling material. Also, since approximately 3 hours is needed
for setting, the gel was difficult to apply to the oral cavity and
various other portions of the human body.
[0008] Upon careful examination towards solving the above problems,
the present applicant has come to complete a cold-set modeling
material comprised of glucomannan, which is set with a basic curing
agent, water, a thickening agent, and a modifier, and has applied
for a patent for this art by way of Japanese Patent Application No.
Hei 8-227756.
[0009] However, the above prior-art modeling material that uses
glucomannan was found to have the following problems.
[0010] (1) Since a basic curing agent is added afterwards, the
mixing tended to be inadequate and uneven setting tended to
occur.
[0011] (2) When the water content was reduced in order to make the
elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation factor of the
hardened gel small, the hydration of glucomannan tended to be
non-uniform and the obtaining of an adequate strength became
difficult.
[0012] (3) Since a basic curing agent is added to set the
glucomannan, and the pH thus rises to nearly 11, there was a
problem of irritation of the mucous membrane in cases of use inside
an oral cavity. The excessively high pH also made use difficult as
modeling material for the modeling of the digits of a hand or foot
upon fracture or loss of a hand or foot, modeling for hobby goods,
and other modeling purposes.
[0013] (4) Though the modeling material of alginate, etc., was
kneaded upon being placed in a rubber ball in the process of
modeling, the making of the gel uniform was difficult and expertise
was required for the procedure. Furthermore, the prior-art modeling
material had a strong adhesive force, and for example in the
process of obtaining a teeth row impression, considerable labor and
time were required in removing the modeling material from the teeth
row of a patient and the patient was thus subjected to extreme
stress and pain.
[0014] (5) Since the modeling material was too hard, patients were
subjected to extreme pain in the process of modeling an external
ear or ear cavity.
[0015] (6) Though plaster was normally used for the modeling of a
hand or foot or the modeling of a natural object, the workability
was inadequate in that the object became soiled in the process of
modeling and peeling of the modeling material was difficult.
[0016] The present invention has been made to solve the above
problems of the prior art and objects thereof are to provide a
modeling composition, which sets at room temperature just by the
addition of a prescribed amount of water, is excellent in
elasticity, has a high gel strength, is excellent in terms of
safety, and with which a modeling material can be formed readily at
low cost, to provide a modeling material preparation method, with
which a modeling material, that has a uniform surface and can
accurately replicate the original, can be obtained readily, to
provide a modeling material, which has plasticity in the process of
modeling, loses the plasticity and changes to an elastic body in
the process of removal from a subject after modeling, enables a
mold that accurately maintains the three-dimensional and complex
form of the original to be obtained, is low in the elastic
deformation factor and permanent deformation factor after setting,
enables arbitrary adjustment of the pH of the water that percolates
out of the gel within a pH range of 7 to 12 without sacrificing the
precision of modeling, and thus, for example, enables adjustment of
the pH to 8.6 or less to lower the irritability to the oral cavity
mucous membrane and provide excellent safety in the obtaining of a
teeth impression and yet also enables the pH to be set higher to
further increase the precision after setting in applications
besides human body applications, and to provide a modeling method
with which modeling can be performed by simple handling and in a
short time and thus with the burden on a user or subject being
alleviated.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0017] In order to solve the above-described problems of the prior
art, the present invention provides a modeling composition
containing 100 weight parts of glucomannan, 1 to 100 weight parts
or more preferably 2 to 75 weight parts of a basic curing agent, 9
to 500 weight parts or more preferably 50 to 250 weight parts of a
neutral solute, 0 to 30 weight parts or more preferably 1 to 20
weight parts of a tempering agent, and 0 to 300 or more preferably
1 to 150 weight parts of a modifier.
[0018] The following excellent effects can be realized with the
above arrangement.
[0019] a. A modeling material, which sets to an elastic body at
room temperature simply by the addition of a prescribed amount of
water, has a high gel strength, is excellent in safety, and can be
molded readily at low cost, can be obtained.
[0020] b. Since prescribed amounts of basic curing agent and
modifier are contained, the glucomannan content per unit amount of
gel can be made higher than in the prior arts.
[0021] c. Generally, when the glucomannan content per unit amount
of gel increases, the gelling rate becomes too fast, making
modeling difficult and leading to significant loss in ease of
handling. However, with the present invention, the setting time can
be adjusted freely simply by changing the content of the neutral
solute. That is, it has found that the amount of water taken in by
glucomannan can be restrained by making a hydrophilic neutral
solute coexist in the aqueous gelling solution. As a result, it has
become possible to increase the amount of glucomannan per unit
amount of gel and control the gelling rate, in other words, the
rate of intake of water into glucomannan at the same time. Also,
since the amount of glucomannan per unit amount of gel can be
increased, the toughness of the resulting gel can be increased
significantly.
[0022] d. Since modeling material can be formed simply by shaking,
unlike prior arts with which the modeling material is formed by
kneading the modeling composition with a spatula, the modeling
material can be made extremely readily even by an unskilled
person.
[0023] e. Since the modeling composition is elastic and can be
peeled off readily, the workability of the modeling work can be
improved considerably and the modeling yield can be improved
significantly.
[0024] In the modeling material preparation method of the present
invention, 100 weight parts of glucomannan, 1 to 100 weight parts
or more preferably 2 to 75 weight parts of a basic curing agent, 9
to 500 weight parts or more preferably 50 to 250 weight parts of a
neutral solute, 0 to 30 weight parts or more preferably 1 to 20
weight parts of a tempering-agent, and 0 to 300 or more preferably
1 to 150 weight parts of a modifier are mixed with an amount of
water which is 300 to 3600 weight parts or more preferably 300 to
1200 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the abovementioned
glucomannan and at the same time with which the concentration of
the abovementioned neutral solute will be from 3 weight % to
saturated with respect to the water.
[0025] The following excellent effects can be realized by the above
arrangement.
[0026] a. A modeling material, which has a uniform surface and can
accurately replicate the original, can be obtained.
[0027] b. Since the modeling material has elasticity, it is
excellent in peelability in the process of mold release after
modeling and can be peeled off readily in a short time.
[0028] c. Since it has become possible to increase the amount of
glucomannan per unit amount of gel, the toughness of the resulting
gel can be increased considerably and elasticity and other forms of
mechanical strength can be increased.
[0029] The modeling material of the present invention is comprised
of a modeling material prepared by the above-described modeling
material preparation method.
[0030] With this arrangement, modeling material, which enables high
modeling precision due to the low elastic deformation factor and
permanent deformation factor after setting and with which the
irritability to skin, the mucous membrane inside an oral cavity,
etc., can be lowered, can be obtained.
[0031] Furthermore, the modeling material of the present invention
has plasticity in the process of modeling, loses the plasticity and
changes to an elastic body in the process of removal from a subject
after modeling, enables the obtaining of a mold that accurately
maintains the three-dimensional and complex form of the original,
is low in the elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation
factor after setting, enables the pH of the water that percolates
out of the modeling material or mold to be adjusted to a
predetermined pH within a pH range of 7 to 8.6, etc., is excellent
in safety, enables modeling of high precision, and can lower the
irritability to skin, the mucous membrane inside an oral cavity,
etc. Since the modeling material can be formed simply by shaking,
the modeling material can be made extremely readily even by an
unskilled person. Since the modeling material has elasticity and
can be peeled off readily, the workability of the modeling work can
be improved considerably and the modeling yield can be improved
significantly.
[0032] The modeling method of the present invention is comprised of
a pressing process in which the abovementioned modeling material is
pressed against the subject to be modeled, and a setting process,
in which the modeling material that has been pressed in the
abovementioned pressing process is set.
[0033] By the above arrangement, since a mold can be acquired with
simple handling and in a short time, the burden placed on a subject
can be alleviated. Furthermore, since the modeling material has
elasticity, the peelability in the process of mold release after
modeling is excellent and the peeling can be performed readily in a
short time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] FIG. 1(a) shows the variation of the shrinkage factor in a
water-evaporating environment and FIG. 1(b) shows the variation of
the shrinkage factor in a non-water-evaporating environment from 5
hours after setting.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0035] The modeling composition of the first claim of this
invention contains 100 weight parts of glucomannan, 1 to 100 weight
parts or more preferably 2 to 75 weight parts of a basic curing
agent, 9 to 500 weight parts or more preferably 50 to 250 weight
parts of a neutral solute, 0 to 30 weight parts or more preferably
1 to 20 weight parts of a tempering agent, and 0 to 300 weight
parts or more preferably 1 to 150 weight parts of a modifier.
[0036] The following actions are provided by the above
arrangement.
[0037] a. A modeling material can be obtained which sets to an
elastic body at room temperature simply by the addition of a
prescribed amount of water, has a high gel strength, is excellent
in safety, and can be molded readily at low cost.
[0038] b. Since prescribed amounts of basic curing agent and
modifier are contained, the glucomannan content per unit amount of
gel can be made higher than in the prior arts.
[0039] c. By varying the content of the neutral solute, the rate of
setting can be adjusted and a stable modeling material can be
obtained simply by adding water.
[0040] Here, konnyaku mannan, comprised of grated arum root or
dried arum root powder, etc., may be used favorably as the
glucomannan.
[0041] The grain size of the konnyaku mannan is 30 to 250 mesh or
preferably 80 to 200 mesh, and a powder with a loss upon drying of
6% or less, a protein content of 1.2% or less, a fat content of
0.2% or less, and an ash content of 1.5% or less is used favorably.
This is because such a powder is excellent in dispersion properties
and enables the fine shapes of an original to be reproduced
accurately.
[0042] Though the results may differ according to the type of the
basic curing agent, as the content of the curing agent becomes less
than 2 weight parts per 100 weight parts of glucomannan, the
setting rate becomes slower, causing a long time to be required for
the modeling work and leading to a loss in workability as well as a
tendency for the distortion factor to become large. A curing agent
content that is higher than 100 weight parts is not preferable
since setting tends to occur too rapidly and prior to modeling, and
handling thus tends to become difficult. A basic curing agent
content of less than 1 weight part or more than 100 weight parts is
not preferable since the above trends become even more
significant.
[0043] As the content of the neutral solute becomes less than 50
weight parts, the gelling (hydration) of glucomannan becomes
inadequate and since the water content must thus be increased, the
hardness after setting will tend to be low and the deformation
factor will tend to be high. When the content becomes greater than
250 weight parts, the setting rate tends to become slow and a long
time tends to be required for the modeling work. A content of less
than 9 weight parts or more than 500 weight parts is especially
unfavorable since the above trends become significant.
[0044] Though the results may differ according to the type of
tempering agent, as the content of the tempering agent becomes less
than 1 weight part, the gelling of glucomannan proceeds in a
non-uniform manner and lumps tend to form, thus degrading the
strength of the modeling material. As the content becomes greater
than 20 weight parts, the physical properties of the gel (modeling
material) tends to degrade somewhat and especially the deformation
factor tends to degrade. A tempering agent content in excess of 30
weight parts is especially unfavorable since such trends become
significant.
[0045] As the content of the modifier becomes less than 1 weight
part, it becomes difficult to reproduce fine portions of the
original by modeling. When the content becomes greater than 150
weight parts, aggregates (lumps) tend to form in the gel (modeling
material) and, in particular, a content of more than 300 weight
parts is especially unfavorable since the abovementioned trend
becomes significant.
[0046] The modeling composition of the second claim of the present
invention is a modeling composition of the first claim, wherein
[0047] the abovementioned basic curing agent is comprised of one or
more types of substances selected from among metal hydroxides, such
as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium
hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide, metal carbonates, such as
sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate,
potassium bicarbonate, barium carbonate, and ammonium bicarbonate,
basic amino acids, such as L-arginine and L-lysine, amines, such as
amyl amine, diethyl amine, and 2-amino ethanol, and borates, such
as ammonium borate, calcium borate, sodium metaborate, sodium
tetraborate, and methyl ammonium hydrogen tetraborate,
[0048] the abovementioned neutral solute is comprised of one or
more types of substances selected from among electrolytic solutes,
such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride,
and non-electrolytic solutes, such as glucose, sucrose, sugar,
fructose, invertase, and other sugars,
[0049] the abovementioned tempering agent is comprised of one or
more types of substances selected from among natural high polymers
such as agar, locust bean gum, tragacanth gum, carrageenan, guar
gum, and pullulan, and
[0050] the abovementioned modifier is comprised of one or more
types of substances selected from among inorganic compounds, such
as titanium oxide, activated clay, acid clay, plaster, talc,
kaolin, diatomaceous earth, quartz sand, silica and other
silicates, calcium carbonate, etc., and organic compounds, such as
nylon powder, etc.
[0051] Here, a modifier with an average particle diameter of 0.05
to 20 .mu.m or preferably 0.5 to 10 .mu.m is used. The surface
smoothness of the mold can thereby be improved.
[0052] This arrangement provides the following actions in addition
to the actions of the first claim.
[0053] a. The elastic deformation factor, permanent deformation
factor and other physical property values after setting can be
controlled by selecting a suitable basic curing agent in accordance
with the object on which the modeling composition is to be used. In
particular, since the use of a metal hydroxide or metal carbonate
will provide a high setting capability, a small amount can be used
to control the physical property values and prevent the residing of
undissolved matter in the gel (modeling material).
[0054] b. When a basic amino acid or amine is used, setting can be
carried out under relatively mild conditions, and when a borate,
etc., is used, the separation of water from the resulting gel can
be restrained.
[0055] c. Since the neutral solute becomes hydrated, the rate of
intake of water into the glucomannan can be lowered thereby. Since
the rate of intake of water into the glucomannan can thus be
controlled and the amount of glucomannan per unit amount of gel can
thus be increased, the resulting gel can be significantly improved
in toughness as well as made uniform and improved in surface
smoothness.
[0056] d. Since a tempering agent is used, the gel can be made
uniform smoothly.
[0057] e. By the tempering agent, the affinity of glucomannan with
water is improved. The dispersion properties of glucomannan are
therefore improved and the formation of aggregates in the gel is
prevented. A uniform, paste-like modeling material can thus be
obtained and the setting time can be adjusted.
[0058] f. Since the distortion factor of the glucomannan gel after
setting can be lowered, the dimensional precision can be
improved.
[0059] g. Since a modifier is contained, the hardness, dimensional
precision, surface roughness, etc., of the glucomannan gel after
setting can be improved. Thus even in cases where plaster, etc., is
used to obtain a male mold from the modeling material that has set,
the deformation of the set modeling material can be prevented and
the surface roughness of the plaster, etc., can be improved.
[0060] In the modeling material preparation method of the third
claim of the present invention, the modeling composition of either
the first or second claim is mixed with an amount of water which is
300 to 3600 weight parts or more preferably 300 to 1200 weight
parts per 100 weight parts of the abovementioned glucomannan and at
the same time with which the concentration of the abovementioned
neutral solute will be from 3 weight % to saturated with respect to
the water.
[0061] The following effects are provided by this arrangement.
[0062] a. A uniform, paste-like modeling material can be obtained
readily.
[0063] b. By the hydration of the neutral solute, the rate of
intake of water into the glucomannan can be controlled and the
surface can be made uniform.
[0064] c. Since the modeling material can be formed simply by
shaking, even an unskilled person can prepare the modeling material
extremely readily.
[0065] d. Since the modeling material has elasticity and can be
peeled off readily, the workability of the modeling work is
improved considerably, and since there is no deformation after
modeling, precise replication is enabled and the yield of obtaining
a successful impression can be improved significantly.
[0066] Though the results may differ according to the amounts of
glucomannan and other components used, a faster setting rate and a
rapid-setting modeling material can be obtained by a lower amount
of water. This also provides the effect of lowering both the
elastic deformation factor and the permanent deformation factor of
the gel after setting.
[0067] Oppositely, when the amount of water becomes large, the
setting takes place more slowly. This provides the effect of
enabling work to be performed with an allowance in time even in
cases where large quantities of modeling material are necessary,
etc.
[0068] For example, in various industrial modeling applications,
such as household electric products, automobile parts and other
molded articles, food display models, etc., with which a large
quantity of casting material, whether it be a plaster with a large
specific gravity or a resin raw material, etc., with a relatively
small specific gravity, is used in the casting process, it is
favorable to set the amount of water to 300 to 600 weight parts to
100 weight parts of glucomannan so that setting will take place
rapidly and the elastic deformation factor and permanent
deformation factor of the gel after setting can be restrained at a
low level.
[0069] In the case where a mold of the lower teeth is to be made
for the manufacture of a mouthpiece, etc., the modeling frame
filled with modeling material must be inverted to press the
modeling material against the lower teeth, a viscosity with which
the modeling material will not spill out is required, and setting
must take place within a short time in order to alleviate the
burden on the subject. Though the results may depend on the age of
the subject, the amount of saliva secreted, etc., it was found that
the amount of water should be in the range of 300 to 900 weight
parts, preferably 300 to 500 weight parts, or even more preferably
300 to 400 weight parts.
[0070] In cases where the impression of another portion of the
human body is to be acquired, the amount of water is preferably set
in the range of 400 to 1000 weight parts, though this will depend
on the portion of application, age of the subject, etc. In this
case, the water temperature is preferably raised to near the body
temperature in advance. Stimulation of the skin can thus be
lessened and the setting rate may be increased.
[0071] In cases where the object to be modeled is small and has a
relatively complex structure, such as in the making of accessories,
candles, models, and other hobby applications, the amount of water
is preferably set to 400 to 1200 weight parts since the modeling
material will then be low in viscosity, soft, and thus excellent in
workability.
[0072] The fourth claim of the present invention provides a
modeling material preparation method as set forth in the third
claim, wherein a. a gel forming agent, comprised of 100 weight
parts of the abovementioned glucomannan, 0 to 30 weight parts or
more preferably 1 to 20 weight parts of the abovementioned
tempering agent, and 0 to 150 weight parts or more preferably 1 to
100 weight parts of the abovementioned modifier, and b. an aqueous
solution, made by dissolving 1 to 100 weight parts or more
preferably 2 to 75 weight parts of the abovementioned basic curing
agent and 9 to 500 weight parts or more preferably 50 to 250 weight
parts of the abovementioned neutral solute in 300 to 3600 weight
parts or more preferably 300 to 1200 weight parts of water and then
adding a pH adjuster to adjust the pH to 6 to 12 or more preferably
7 to 12, are prepared, and the abovementioned gel forming agent and
the abovementioned aqueous solution are mixed together to prepare a
modeling material.
[0073] This arrangement provides the following action in addition
to the actions of the third claim.
[0074] That is, by simply mixing the abovementioned two components,
a paste-like modeling material can be obtained which has plasticity
in the process of modeling, loses the plasticity and changes to an
elastic body in the process of removal from a subject after
modeling, enables a mold that accurately maintains the
three-dimensional and complex form of the original to be obtained,
is low in the elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation
factor after setting, enables adjustment of the pH of the water
that percolates out of the gel to within a range of 7 to 8.6, etc.,
is excellent in safety, enables modeling of high precision, and can
lower the irritability to skin, the mucous membrane inside an oral
cavity, etc.
[0075] For example, in taking a teeth impression, since the pH of
the modeling material can be adjusted to 8.6 or less, the
irritation of the oral cavity mucous membrane can be reduced and
safety can thus be increased. For human body applications besides
teeth impressions, the pH can be adjusted to 9.5 or less or
preferably 8.6 or less, etc.
[0076] In hobby applications where the time during which the
modeling material is directly touched by hand, etc., is relatively
short, the pH may be set to 10 or less.
[0077] Although the pH will normally not be a problem in industrial
applications, a pH of 12 or less is preferable since safety will
then be excellent, handling will be easy, etc. Adequate hardness
and a low deformation factor can be achieved within this range.
[0078] Here, univalent or multivalent alcohol, such as ethyl
alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, etc., or a neutral or anionic
surfactant may be added to the aqueous solution. An amount added of
1 to 10 wt % is favorable. By adding an alcohol or surfactant, the
surface tension of the aqueous solution may be lowered to thereby
improve the affinity of glucomannan with the aqueous solution.
[0079] The fifth claim of the present invention provides a modeling
material preparation method as set forth in the fourth claim,
wherein the pH adjuster is comprised of at least one type of
substance selected from among organic acids, such as acetic acid,
lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, glycine, etc., salts of
such organic acids, and inorganic acids, such as boric acid,
phosphoric acid, and aluminic acid.
[0080] The above arrangement provides the following action in
addition to the actions provided by the fourth claim.
[0081] That is, the pH can be adjusted readily simply by selecting
the type and amount of pH adjuster, and irritation of the mucous
membrane in cases where the above-described modeling material is
used inside an oral cavity, etc., can thus be restrained.
[0082] Here, as the pH becomes lower than 7.5, the setting rate
tends to become slow. A pH higher than 8.6 is also unfavorable
since the irritation of the oral cavity mucous membrane, etc., in
the process of taking a teeth impression tends to become stronger
and modeling processes for hobby goods and industrial parts tend to
become insufficient for safety.
[0083] The sixth claim of the present invention provides a modeling
material preparation method as set forth in the fourth claim,
wherein the abovementioned tempering agent is comprised of 5 to 20
weight parts or more preferably 6 to 15 weight parts of agar and
the abovementioned pH adjuster is comprised of 1 to 20 weight parts
or more preferably 6 to 15 weight parts of acetic acid.
[0084] The above arrangement provides the following actions in
addition to the actions provided by the fourth claim.
[0085] a. A uniform, paste-like modeling material can be obtained,
and even in cases of use inside an oral cavity, etc., which is
sensitive to stimulus, the irritation of the mucous membrane can be
restrained.
[0086] b. The smoothness of the surface of hobby goods and
industrial parts can be improved.
[0087] Here, if the amount of agar becomes less than 6 weight
parts, the prescribed tempering effects tend to become difficult to
obtain. An amount of more than 15 weight parts is also not
preferable since setting tends to become slow.
[0088] The agar may be placed in the aqueous solution. The hardness
after setting may thus be improved.
[0089] The seventh claim of the present invention provides a
modeling material that is prepared by a modeling material
preparation method of any of the third to sixth claims.
[0090] This arrangement provides an action in that since the amount
of water has been decreased, the hardness after setting can be made
high. Also, predetermined setting rates and physical properties
after setting may be obtained by adjustment of the amount of
water.
[0091] Though the results may differ according to the type and
amount of neutral solute, when the amount of water becomes less
than 300 weight parts, setting tends to occur too rapidly, the
hydration of glucomannan tends to become non-uniform easily, and
the strength after setting tends to decrease. As the amount of
water becomes greater than 1200 weight parts, the setting time
tends to become long, the strength tends to degrade, and the
deformation factor tends to become large. In particular, an amount
of water greater than 3600 weight parts is even more unfavorable as
the above trends become more significant.
[0092] The modeling method of the eighth claim of the present
invention is comprised of a pressing process in which the modeling
material of the seventh claim is pressed against the subject to be
modeled, and a setting process, in which the modeling material that
has been pressed in the abovementioned pressing process is set.
[0093] The following actions are provided by this arrangement.
[0094] a. Since modeling can by performed by simple handling and in
a short time, the burden placed on a subject can be alleviated, and
modeling can be performed at home without requesting a doctor,
etc.
[0095] b. The workability of the modeling work for hobby goods or
industrial parts can be improved and modeling material of high
precision can be obtained.
[0096] Embodiments of the present invention shall now be described
in detail by way of examples.
FIRST EXAMPLE
[0097] As glucomannan, 10 weight parts of konnyaku mannan were
used, and this was mixed uniformly with 1 weight part of agar, 15
weight parts of sugar, and 0.5 weight parts of calcium hydroxide.
0.2 weight parts of boric acid, 50 weight parts of water, and 0.65
weight parts of acetic acid were added to the above mixture.
Shaking was then performed in a sealed container to obtain a
uniform, paste-like modeling material.
[0098] When the modeling material thus obtained was subject to
tests in accordance with 4.4 and 4.5 of JIS T-6505, the modeling
material hardened gradually at room temperature and after
approximately 2 minutes, the material lost plasticity and became an
elastic, gel-like material.
[0099] Next, the gel-like material (modeling material) was pressed
against a teeth row model and hardened. After the elapse of 3
minutes, the modeling material was removed as an impression from
the teeth row model and plaster was placed and hardened in the
impression to prepare a replicate. A comparison showed that the
impression accurately reproduced the fine shapes of the teeth row
model in a detailed manner and the surface of the reproduced
surface was found to have extremely good smoothness.
[0100] Upon removing the hardened modeling material from the test
object, the fine shapes of the test object were found to be
reproduced accurately.
[0101] After the elapse of another 10 minutes, the elastic
deformation factor, the permanent deformation factor, and the pH
were measured. The elastic deformation factor was 29.9% and the
permanent deformation factor was 7.8%. The pH of the leachate of
this model was 8.3.
[0102] In likewise manner, a teeth row model of an athlete was made
and a mouthpiece was made from the model. This mouthpiece was found
to decrease injuries during rugby or other rough sport activities
and improve the movement ability.
SECOND TO SIXTY-THIRD EXAMPLES
[0103] Modeling materials were made with varying amounts of the
blended components and these were tested and evaluated in
accordance with 4.4 and 4.5 of JIS T-6505 as with the first
example. The results are shown in Tables 1 through 7.
[0104] For evaluation of suitability according to application, the
lowest evaluation point among (1) through (3) below were selected
and indicated in the Tables.
[0105] (1) With regard to the elastic deformation factor .alpha.,
an .alpha..ltoreq.30 was evaluated as .circleincircle. (excellent),
an .alpha. such that 30<.alpha..ltoreq.37 was evaluated as
.largecircle. (good), an .alpha. such that 37<.alpha..ltoreq.40
was evaluated as .DELTA. (satisfactory), and an .alpha. such that
40<.alpha. was evaluated as X (unsatisfactory). However in the
case of hobby use, the .largecircle. evaluation was given if the
permanent deformation factor .beta..ltoreq.15 even if .alpha. was
such that 40<.alpha..
[0106] (2) With regard to the permanent deformation factor .beta.,
a .beta..ltoreq.10 was evaluated as .circleincircle., a .beta. such
that 10<.beta..ltoreq.15 was evaluated as .largecircle., a
.beta. such that 15<.beta..ltoreq.20 was evaluated as .DELTA.,
and a .beta. such that 20<.beta.was evaluated as X.
[0107] (3) With regard to pH, a pH<6 was evaluated as X since
glucomannan does not harden readily at such a pH. Otherwise, the
following standards were employed according to application.
[0108] a. Dental applications : A pH such that
6.ltoreq.pH.ltoreq.8.6 was evaluated as .circleincircle. and a pH
such that 8.6<pH was evaluated as X.
[0109] b. Human body applications besides dental applications : A
pH such that 6.ltoreq.pH.ltoreq.8.6 was evaluated as
.circleincircle., a pH such that 8.6<pH.ltoreq.9.5 was evaluated
as .largecircle., and a pH such that 9.5<pH was evaluated as
X
[0110] c. Hobby applications not used for the human body : A pH
such that 6.ltoreq.pH.ltoreq.10 was evaluated as .circleincircle.,
a pH such that 10<pH.ltoreq.11 was evaluated as .DELTA., and a
pH such that 12<pH was evaluated as X.
[0111] d. Industrial use : A pH such that 6.ltoreq.pH.ltoreq.12 was
evaluated as .circleincircle. and all other pH values were
evaluated as X.
[0112] The results of the second to ninth examples demonstrated the
following.
[0113] a. As the amount of calcium hydroxide increases, the pH
increases and both the elastic deformation factor and the permanent
deformation factor decrease.
[0114] b. Since it is difficult to adjust the pH to 8.6 or below
when the pH is adjusted with boric acid alone, application to
dental objects and other objects used inside an oral cavity and
application to the external ear are difficult in this case.
[0115] c. For applications to human body parts besides dental
applications as well as for hobby and industrial applications, it
is preferable to increase the amount of calcium hydroxide and raise
the pH as much as possible within the applicable pH range since the
physical properties after hardening will then be satisfactory. This
is especially suitable and highly effective for industrial
applications.
[0116] The results of the tenth to seventeenth examples
demonstrated the following.
[0117] When a prescribed amount of acetic acid is added, not only
can the elastic deformation factor and the permanent deformation
factor be held at low levels but the pH can also be held within the
allowable range even when the amount of calcium hydroxide, used as
the basic curing agent, is increased.
[0118] In particular, since the pH can be held at 8.6 or less while
keeping the elastic deformation factor and the permanent
deformation factor at low levels, this is especially favorable and
useful for dental applications.
[0119] The results of the eighteenth to twenty-first examples
showed that when the amount of sugar, used as the neutral solute,
is increased, though the pH can be lowered somewhat, both the
elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation factor
increased and the increase of the permanent deformation factor was
especially large.
[0120] The following were demonstrated by the twenty-second to
twenty-fifth examples.
[0121] a. When the amount of agar, used as the tempering agent, was
increased, both the elastic deformation factor and permanent
deformation factor decreased, the tempering effect was significant,
and the precision after setting could be improved.
[0122] b. Though an amount of agar of approximately 1 weight part
to 100 weight parts of glucomannan (1 g to 10 g of glucomannan) is
normally adequate, the surface precision improves when the amount
of agar is increased further.
[0123] The results of the twenty-sixth to thirty-first examples
showed that titanium oxide, while hardly affecting the elastic
deformation factor and the permanent deformation factor, had a
large effect in the adjustment of the color tone of the hardened
gel, and it was found that it is preferable to add large amounts of
titanium oxide for hobby and industrial applications. In
particular, it was found that the addition of large amounts of
titanium oxide is favorable in cases where a fingerprint or a scar,
etc., is to be sampled and thereafter photographed, etc.
[0124] The results of the thirty-second to thirty-fifth examples
demonstrated the following.
[0125] a. Since boric acid provides a preservative effect and can
thus prevent the degradation of quality in cases where a hardened
gel is to be preserved for a fixed amount of time, it is preferable
to blend in a prescribed amount of boric acid.
[0126] b. As the amount of boric acid increases, though the pH
decreases, since the boric acid forms an insoluble salt with
calcium, the elastic deformation rate increases in particular.
[0127] The results of the thirty-sixth to forty-third examples
showed that acetic acid has a large effect in lowering the pH
(neutralization effect). It was also found that when acetic acid is
added in excess and the pH becomes less than 6, it becomes
difficult for setting to occur and the elastic deformation factor
and permanent deformation rate also rise.
[0128] The results of the forty-fourth example showed that when
tartaric acid is added in place of acetic acid, the pH rises
somewhat. However, it was found that the use of tartaric acid is
favorable for industrial applications.
[0129] The results of the forty-fifth example showed that when
carrageenan is used in place of agar as the tempering agent, though
the elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation factor
increase somewhat, use can be made in hobby and industrial
applications, and it was found that the use of carrageenan is
favorable for industrial applications.
[0130] The results of the forty-sixth to forty-eighth examples
showed that when kaolin, plaster, or calcium carbonate is added as
the modifier in place of titanium oxide, small amounts will hardly
affect the physical properties. However, it was found that titanium
oxide was better for the color tone adjustment effect.
[0131] The results of the forty-ninth to fifty-second examples
showed that when the amount of glucomannan was increased with the
amounts of water and other blended components being fixed, the
elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation factor
decreased and the reproducibility of the original improved with an
increasing content of glucomannan. It was also found that the
modulus of elasticity and the hardness also improved.
[0132] The results of the fifty-third to fifty-sixth examples
showed that with regard to the influence of the amount of water
when the amounts of glucomannan and other blended components were
fixed, a lower amount of water was preferable as both the elastic
deformation factor and permanent deformation factor were then low.
It was also found that when the amount of water is increased, the
elastic deformation factor increases significantly.
[0133] The following were demonstrated by the fifty-seventh to
sixty-first examples where the amount of the aqueous solution of a
prescribed composition was increased while keeping the amounts of
glucomannan, agar, and titanium oxide in the gel forming agent
fixed.
[0134] a. With a mixing ratio of a gel forming agent to aqueous
solution of 1:4, the modeling material was suitable for all
applications including dental applications.
[0135] b. For industrial applications and other cases where
plaster, etc., with a large specific gravity is to be cast, a usage
ratio of a gel forming agent to aqueous solution of 1:6 or less is
favorable and a ratio of 1:4 to 1:6 is favorable in terms of
deformation factor for the taking of teeth impressions. If
attention is paid to the pH, the ratio may be set to 1:8.
[0136] c. For modeling of a human body part besides the teeth, a
ratio in the range 1:4 to 1:6 can be used.
[0137] d. In modeling for model making and other hobby applications
where the object to be modeled is small and the shapes are complex,
a ratio in the range 1:4 to 1:12, for which a leeway is provided in
the setting time and the modeling material is soft and readily
worked on until hardened, is favorable.
[0138] The results of the sixty-second and sixty-third examples
showed that when alcohol or glycerin is added as the solvent in
addition to water, since the affinity with glucomannan becomes
excellent, the modeling material can be mixed uniformly
rapidly.
SIXTY-FOURTH EXAMPLE
[0139] A uniform, paste-like modeling material was obtained by
adding an aqueous solution, made by dissolving 15 weight parts of
sucrose, 0.5 weight parts of calcium hydroxide, 0.2 weight parts of
boric acid, and 0.66 weight parts of acetic acid in 50 weight parts
of water, to a mixture, made by uniformly mixing 10 weight parts of
konnyaku mannan with 1 weight part of agar, and then performing
shaking inside a sealed container.
[0140] The ear cavity of a subject was filled with cotton and the
priorly obtained modeling material was poured into a modeling frame
and the ear cavity. After setting and then removing the modeling
material, the modeling material was found to accurately reproduce
the fine shapes in a detailed manner and the reproduced surface was
found to have extremely good smoothness.
SIXTY-FIFTH EXAMPLE
[0141] A uniform, paste-like modeling material was obtained by
adding an aqueous solution, made by dissolving 9 weight parts of
sodium chloride, 0.5 weight parts of calcium hydroxide, 0.2 weight
parts of boric acid, and 0.5 weight parts of acetic acid in 50
weight parts of water, to a mixture, made by uniformly mixing 10
weight parts of konnyaku mannan with 1 weight part of agar, and
then performing shaking inside a sealed container.
[0142] The modeling material thus obtained was poured into a
modeling frame and the hand or foot of a subject was inserted into
this modeling material. Upon removing the modeling material after
the modeling material had set, the model material was found to
accurately reproduce fingerprints and other fine shapes in a
detailed manner.
SIXTY-SIXTH EXAMPLE
[0143] A uniform, paste-like modeling material was obtained by
preparing a gel forming agent by mixing log of konnyaku mannan with
10 g of quartz sand, adding 40g of aqueous solution of the same
composition as that of the fifty-seventh to sixty-first examples to
the gel forming agent, and performing shaking inside a sealed
container. Upon transferring this modeling material into a
prescribed container and leaving still, the modeling material set
in 7 minutes.
[0144] The rubber hardness of the set modeling material was
measured in accordance with A of 5 of JIS K6301-1995.
[0145] Although the rubber hardness immediately after curing was 0,
the rubber hardness was found to increase to an adequate hardness
of 70 upon drying the modeling material for 8 hours in a dryer set
to 60.degree. C. The linear shrinkage factor that accompanied the
evaporation of water was 6.0%.
[0146] It was found that by shortening the drying time or lowering
the drying temperature, the rubber hardness can be adjusted to 40
or less, at which mold release and holding can be carried out
readily, and that the linear shrinkage factor can be lowered in the
process as well.
SIXTY-SEVENTH EXAMPLE
[0147] A modeling material prepared with the same blending ratios
as those of the sixtieth example was poured into three types of 2
cm.times.2 cm square resin trays with lengths of 5 cm, 10 cm, and
15 cm, respectively. Measurements of the dimensional precision
immediately after setting showed the setting shrinkage factor to be
within .+-.1% in all cases and that the precision was high.
[0148] With each of the above types of model, (a) a model set still
under constant-temperature, constant-humidity conditions of 21.5 to
22.0.degree. C. air temperature and 39 to 41% humidity to cause the
water to evaporate naturally and (b) a model wrapped with a
wrapping sheet for 5 hours after hardening to stop the evaporation
of water were prepared and the length variations of the respective
models were measured. The results are shown in FIG. 1(a) and FIG.
1(b).
[0149] As is clear from FIG. 1(a), the modeling material was found
to shrink gradually with the evaporation of water. As is clear from
FIG. 1(b), it was found that the shrinkage of the modeling material
could be stopped by stopping the evaporation of water in the
middle.
[0150] Industrial Applicability
[0151] With the invention of the first claim of the present
invention,
[0152] a. Since the curing rate can be adjusted by means of the
neutral solute and a stable modeling material can be obtained
simply by adding a prescribed amount of water, excellent working
efficiency is enabled.
[0153] In addition to the effects of the first claim, the invention
of the second claim of the present invention provides the following
effects.
[0154] b. Since the basic curing agent may be selected suitably in
accordance with the circumstances of use, the applicable range can
be expanded.
[0155] c. Since the setting ability is improved when a metal
hydroxide or metal carbonate is used, the usage amount of the basic
curing agent can be made small.
[0156] d. Setting can be carried out at relatively mild conditions
when a basic amino acid or amine is used.
[0157] e. When a borate, etc., is used, the gel that is formed can
be prevented from separating.
[0158] f. Since the affinity of glucomannan with water is improved,
a uniform glucomannan gel can be obtained and the setting time can
be adjusted.
[0159] g. Since the deformation factor of the glucomannan gel after
setting can be lowered, the dimensional precision can be
improved.
[0160] By the third claim of the present invention:
[0161] h. A uniform, paste-like modeling material can be obtained
readily by simple procedures.
[0162] i. By the hydration of the neutral solute, the rate of
intake of water into glucomannan can be controlled and the surface
can be made uniform.
[0163] In addition to providing the effects of the invention of the
third claim, the fourth claim of the present invention provides the
following effects.
[0164] j. A paste-like modeling material can be obtained in the
modeling process simply by mixing two components, and this modeling
material has plasticity in the process of modeling, loses the
plasticity and changes to an elastic body in the process of removal
from a subject after modeling, and enables a mold of extremely high
precision to be obtained while accurately maintaining the
three-dimensionally complex form of the original.
[0165] k. The elastic deformation factor and permanent deformation
factor after setting are low and the pH of the water that
percolates out can be adjusted to 7 to 8.6, etc., to provide
excellent safety and lower the irritation of the mucous membrane
inside an oral cavity, etc., or the skin.
[0166] In addition to providing the effects of the invention of the
fourth claim, the fifth claim of the present invention provides the
following effects.
[0167] 1. The irritation of the mucous membrane, in cases where the
modeling material is to be used inside an oral cavity, etc., can be
restrained.
[0168] In addition to providing the effects of the invention of the
fourth claim, the sixth claim of the present invention provides the
following effects.
[0169] m. Since the amount of water has been decreased, the
hardness after setting can be made higher and predetermined setting
rates and physical properties after setting can be obtained by
adjustment of the amount of water.
[0170] By the seventh claim of the present invention:
[0171] n. The hardness, elasticity, dimensional precision, surface
roughness, etc., of the glucomannan gel after setting can be
improved.
[0172] o. Even in cases where plaster, etc., is used to obtain a
male mold from a modeling material that has set, the deformation of
the set modeling material can be prevented and the original can be
reproduced accurately in the male mold of plaster, etc.
[0173] By the invention of the eighth claim of the present
invention:
[0174] p. Since handling is made simple and an impression can be
obtained in a short time, the burden placed on a subject can be
alleviated.
[0175] q. The irritation of the mucous membrane can be restrained
in cases where the modeling material is used inside an oral cavity,
etc.
1TABLE 1 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tempering Agar 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modifier Titanium oxide
0 0 0 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 Kaolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic curing Ca(OH).sub.2 0.1
0.25 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.15 0.15 0.3 agent NaOH 0 0 0 0 0 0.11 0 0
Disodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 phosphate Neutral NaCl 0 9 9 9
9 9 9 0 solute Sugar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Glucose 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 pH
adjuster Boric acid 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Acetic acid 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 Tartaric acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent Water 50 50 50 50
50 50 50 50 Alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycerin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Measurement pH 10.0 10.2 10.4 11.5 11.8 8.9 9.1 10.3 results
Deformation factor Elastic 33.9 18.0 18.5 17.2 15.1 18.6 23.2 24.2
Permanent 11.8 1.9 3.1 0.9 0.3 2.1 4.3 2.3 Suitability Dental X X X
X X X X X according to applications application Human body X X X X
X .largecircle. .circleincircle. X applications Hobby .largecircle.
.DELTA. .DELTA. X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .DELTA.
applications Industrial .largecircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. applications
[0176]
2TABLE 2 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tempering
Agar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modifier
Titanium oxide 0.3 0.3 0 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 Kaolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic
curing Ca(OH).sub.2 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9 agent NaOH 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 Disodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 phosphate Neutral
NaCl 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 solute Sugar 15 15 0 15 15 15 15 15 Glucose 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pH adjuster Boric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.2 Acetic acid 0.65 0.65 0.5 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.65 Tartaric
acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent Water 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Alcohol
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycerin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Measurement pH 4.1 5 9.6
8.3 8.3 8.3 10.9 11.4 results Deformation factor Elastic 59.7 47.2
16.8 29.9 25.3 36.8 26.3 24.3 Permanent -- -- 2.8 7.8 5.4 9.6 1.4
1.8 Suitability Dental X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.largecircle. X X according to applications applications Human body
X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .largecircle. X X
applications Hobby X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .largecircle. .DELTA. X applications Industrial X
X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .largecircle.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. applications
[0177]
3TABLE 3 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tempering
Agar 1 1 1 1 0 0.5 1.5 2 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modifier
Titanium oxide 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Kaolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Basic curing Ca(OH).sub.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 agent
NaOH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 phosphate
Neutral NaCl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 solute Sugar 5 10 20 25 15 15 15 15
Glucose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pH adjuster Boric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.2 0.2 0.2 Acetic acid 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
Tartaric acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent Water 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycerin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Measurement pH 8.5
8.3 7.9 7.6 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 results Deformation factor Elastic 32.9
34.1 39.1 45.2 43.1 39.5 33.7 29.7 Permanent 4.1 6.5 22.8 34.6 6.9
8.9 8.5 5.9 Suitability Dental .largecircle. .largecircle. X X X
.DELTA. .largecircle. .circleincircle. according to applications
application Human body .largecircle. .largecircle. X X X .DELTA.
.largecircle. .circleincircle. applications Hobby .largecircle.
.largecircle. X X .largecircle. .DELTA. .largecircle.
.circleincircle. applications Industrial .largecircle.
.largecircle. X X X .DELTA. .largecircle. .circleincircle.
applications
[0178]
4TABLE 4 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 26 27
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Tempering Agar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 Modifier Titanium oxide 0 0.1 0.5 0.7 1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1
Kaolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calcium
carbonate Ca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic curing Ca(OH).sub.2 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 agent NaOH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Disodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 phosphate Neutral NaCl 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 solute Sugar 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Glucose 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pH adjuster Boric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0.1
0.3 0.4 0.2 Acetic acid 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65 0 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65
0.5 Tartaric acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Solvent Water 50 50 50 50 50
50 50 50 50 50 Alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycerin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 Measurement pH 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 11.2 9.5 10.9 10.1 7.6 7.4
results Deformation factor Elastic 34 32.4 34.9 -- 23.8 23.5 26
34.6 37.3 36.5 Permanent 7.1 7.2 8.3 -- 2.6 3.7 3.1 7 7 10.7
Suitability Dental .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. X X X
X X .DELTA. .DELTA. according to applications application Human
body .largecircle. .largecircle. .largecircle. X X .circleincircle.
X X .DELTA. .DELTA. applications Hobby .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. X X .circleincircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. .DELTA. applications Industrial .largecircle.
.largecircle. .largecircle. X .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .largecircle. .DELTA. .DELTA. applications
[0179]
5TABLE 5 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 36 37
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Tempering Agar 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 Modifier Titanium oxide 0.3 0.3 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 Kaolin 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic curing Ca(OH).sub.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.3 agent NaOH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 phosphate Neutral NaCl 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 15 solute Sugar 15 15
15 15 15 0 0 0 0 Glucose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pH adjuster Boric acid
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Acetic acid 0.35 0.5 0.66 0.7
0.8 0.5 0.65 0.8 0 Tartaric acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Solvent Water 50
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glycerin 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 Measurement pH 11 8.9 8.5 8.2 5.9 10.5 9 6.2 10.9 results
Deformation factor Elastic 22.4 26.2 34.7 42.5 -- 17.7 21.6 28.2
27.3 Permanent 0.7 2.3 11.1 17.3 -- 1 3.6 5.6 5.3 Suitability
Dental X X .largecircle. X X X X .largecircle. X according to
applications application Human body X .circleincircle.
.largecircle. X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. X
applications Hobby .DELTA. .circleincircle. .largecircle. X X
.DELTA. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .DELTA. applications
Industrial .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .largecircle. X X
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
applications
[0180]
6TABLE 6 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 45 46
47 48 49 50 51 52 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 15 Tempering
Agar 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modifier
Titanium oxide 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kaolin 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plaster 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Basic curing
Ca(OH).sub.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 agent NaOH 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 Sodium hydrogen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 phosphate Neutral NaCl 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 solute Sugar 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Glucose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 pH adjuster Boric acid 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Acetic
acid 0 0 0 0 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 Tartaric acid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Solvent Water 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Alcohol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Glycerin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Measurement pH 10.9 10.5 10.5 8.3 8.3 8.3
8.3 8.3 results Deformation factor Elastic 27.8 27.8 22 21 29.9
27.5 27 22.2 Permanent 4.1 4.1 3.4 2.9 7.8 6.2 5.5 4.9 Suitability
Dental X X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. according to applications application Human body X
X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. applications Hobby .DELTA. .DELTA. .DELTA. .DELTA.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
applications Industrial .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
.circleincircle. .circleincircle. applications
[0181]
7TABLE 7 Types and amounts (g) Example of blended components 57 58
59 60 61 62 63 Glucomannan 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Tempering Agar 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 agent Carrageenan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Modifier Titanium oxide
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 0 Kaolin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Plaster 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Calcium carbonate Ca 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basic curing Ca(OH).sub.2
Composition of aqueous 0.5 0.3 agent NaOH solution (weight ratio) 0
0 Disodium hydrogen Ca(OH).sub.2:Sugar:Boric 0 0 phosphate
acid:Acetic acid:Water = Neutral NaCl 0.5:15:0.2:0.65:50 9 0 solute
Sugar 0 15 Glucose 0 0 pH adjuster Boric acid 0.2 0.2 Acetic acid 0
0 Tartaric acid 0 0 Solvent Water 45 50 Alcohol 5 0 Glycerin 0 1
Mixing ratio 1:4 1:6 1:8 1:10 1:12 (Gel forming agent:Aqueous
solution Measurement pH 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 10.4 11.2 results
Deformation factor Elastic 25.6 36.8 43 46.8 48.2 15.9 26.7
Permanent 5.2 7.8 9.8 14.3 20.4 1.5 3.7 Suitability Dental
.circleincircle. .largecircle. X X X X X according to applications
application Human body .circleincircle. .largecircle. X X X X X
applications Hobby .circleincircle. .largecircle. .largecircle.
.largecircle. X .DELTA. X applications Industrial .circleincircle.
.largecircle. X X X .circleincircle. .circleincircle.
applications
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