U.S. patent application number 08/813714 was filed with the patent office on 2002-12-19 for automated resource management system.
Invention is credited to SIEFERT, DAVID M..
Application Number | 20020194179 08/813714 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22809547 |
Filed Date | 2002-12-19 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020194179 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
SIEFERT, DAVID M. |
December 19, 2002 |
AUTOMATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Abstract
The invention concerns a system for managing resources, which
can take the form of (a) computer-compatible information, such as
data files and programs, and (b) non-computer-compatible
information, such as data contained on microfiche, and (c) physical
objects. The resources are located at geographically diverse sites.
The invention contains a descriptive profile for each resource, and
allows any user to search all profiles, and to search the profiles
according to "fields" (a database term), such as by location of the
resources, or by category of the resources. The user can order
delivery of a selected resource, and the system causes delivery of
the resource to be executed, irrespective of the form (eg, physical
object) of the resource. The invention allows a provider of a new
resource to limit access to the resource, by identifying users who
are authorized to obtain access to the resource. Non-authorized
users cannot obtain access to the profiles of these resources.
Inventors: |
SIEFERT, DAVID M.;
(ENGLEWOOD, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
JAMES M. STOVER
NCR CORPORATION
1700 SOUTH PATTERSON BLVD, WHQ4
DAYTON
OH
45479
US
|
Family ID: |
22809547 |
Appl. No.: |
08/813714 |
Filed: |
March 7, 1997 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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08813714 |
Mar 7, 1997 |
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08217065 |
Mar 24, 1994 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 ; 707/999.01;
707/E17.01 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B 5/14 20130101; G06F
40/12 20200101; G09B 7/04 20130101; G06F 16/1834 20190101; G06F
40/151 20200101 |
Class at
Publication: |
707/10 |
International
Class: |
G06F 017/30; G06F
007/00 |
Claims
1. A RESOURCE management system, comprising: a) Multiple SERVERs,
each serving one or more PCs; and b) means for allowing i) all PCs
to store PROFILEs of RESOURCEs into a SERVER; and ii) all PCs to
search all PROFILEs.
2. A system according to claim 1, and further comprising: c) means
for allowing any PC to load a downloadable RESOURCE into its
respective SERVER.
3. A system according to claim 2, and further comprising: d) means
for allowing all PCs to download any RESOURCE contained in any
SERVER.
4. A system according to claim 1, and further comprising c) means
for storing a PROFILE which contains information about a user of a
SERVER; and d) means for restricting the user's access to
RESOURCEs, based on data contained in the user's PROFILE.
5. A RESOURCE management system, comprising: a) multiple LOCAL
SERVERs, each serving one or more PCs; and b) means for allowing i)
all PCs to store PROFILEs of RESOURCEs into one or more REGIONAL
SERVERs; and ii) all PCs to search all PROFILEs.
6. A RESOURCE management system, comprising: a) multiple SERVERs,
i) each serving one or more PCs; and ii) each storing a catalog of
PROFILEs, which describe RESOURCEs; and b) search means for
allowing any PC to search any PROFILE contained in any SERVER.
7. A system according to claim 6 in which the search means allows
Boolean key-word searching.
8. A system according to claim 6 in which the search means allows a
user of a PC to order a search of PROFILEs to be done at a future
time.
9. A method of managing RESOURCEs, comprising the following steps:
a) maintaining the RESOURCEs at multiple sites; b) maintaining
PROFILEs for the RESOURCEs, each PROFILE containing information
relating to its RESOURCE; and c) allowing a user to search, from a
single site, all PROFILEs.
10. A method according to claim 9, in which d) some RESOURCEs take
the form of downloadable computer data; and e) some RESOURCEs take
the form of information which is not downloadable.
11. A method according to claim 10, in which f) some RESOURCEs take
the form of physical objects.
12. A method according to claim 9, in which some of the RESOURCEs
take the form of downloadable data, and further comprising d) means
for allowing a user to download selected downloadable RESOURCEs to
the user'site.
13. A method according to claim 9, in which all PROFILEs are stored
at a single site.
14. A method according to claim 9, in which multiple collections of
PROFILEs are each stored at a different site, and each collection
contains substantially all PROFILEs.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This Application is related to:
[0002] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6003) entitled, "Future Boolean Searching of Multiple Repositories
of Resources," filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and
assigned to the Assignee hereof.
[0003] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6004) entitled, "Security Aspects of Computer Resource
Repositories," filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and
assigned to the Assignee hereof.
[0004] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6005) entitled, "Ordering and Downloading Resources from
Computerized Repositories," filed concurrently herewith by Siefert
et al., and assigned to the Assignee hereof.
[0005] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6006) entitled, "Launching Computer Program upon Download of Data
Created by Program," filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al.,
and assigned to the Assignee hereof.
[0006] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6007) entitled, "Automatic Updating of Computer Software," filed
concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned to the
Assignee hereof.
[0007] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6008) entitled, "Multiple Repositories of Computer Resources,
Transparent to User," filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et
al., and assigned to the Assignee hereof.
[0008] Application Ser. No. __/___,___, (Assignee's Docket No.
6048) entitled, "Computer System for Management of Resources,"
filed concurrently herewith by Siefert et al., and assigned to the
Assignee hereof.
MICROFICHE APPENDIX
[0009] A microfiche appendix, containing 3 microfiche and 207 total
frames is filed herewith.
[0010] The section concerns management of RESOURCEs, which take the
form (a) downloadable computer data and programs and (b) physical
objects, which are located at multiple REPOSITORIEs, at different
sites. The RESOURCEs appear to a user, at any given site, as though
the RESOURCEs were actually present at the user's site.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0011] A database is somewhat analogous to a card catalog of a
library. The card catalog cross-indexes books in several ways.
[0012] For example, an "author" card exists. This card is located
in the catalog at the alphabetical position of the author's
surname.
[0013] In addition, a "title" card exists, located in the
alphabetical position of the book's title. Also, a "subject" card
generally exists, which describes the subject of the book, and
which is located in the alphabetical position of the subject, such
as "pressed flower collecting," for example. Of course, other cards
can exist for a given book (for example, books having multiple
authors generally have an author card for each).
[0014] In database terms, these cards represent "fields" within the
database. For example, in a library, to find all of the books
written by Ernest Hemingway, one looks up "Hemingway" in the card
catalog. All of the library's books written by any Hemingway are
identified by respective author cards. In a computer database, a
similar search could be done, upon the "author" field.
[0015] Similar searches can be done on the title fields, as well as
on the subject fields.
[0016] Computer databases, in general, have more fields than does
the card catalog. For example, if the card catalog were contained
within a computer database, there would probably exist a "date"
field. To search using the "date" field, one specifies a date, or
range of dates, and the database responds by listing all books
having a copyright which complies with the specified date, or
range.
[0017] Presently existing databases have limitations. For example,
many databases require that a user undergo significant training in
order to learn how to use the data base. Some databases use arcane
commands which the user must memorize.
[0018] Some databases contain only that information which is owned
by the database owner. Returning to the library analogy, if a
public library were to computerize its card catalog, by entering
all of the information contained within the card catalog into the
database program, the database program would, of course, only
contain the card catalog information. A user could not, for
example, gain access to the card catalog of a second library, in
order to locate a book not owned by the first library. The user
must go to the second library.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0019] An object of the invention is to provide a system for
storing information in a manner in which retrieval is simple.
[0020] Another object of the invention is to provide a system for
storing information, in which entering information, as well as
retrieving the information, is self-explanatory, and requires no
resort to external instructions.
[0021] Another object of the invention is to provide a system for
storing information, which can communicate with other systems which
store information, and make available all of the information stored
by all systems.
[0022] Another object of the invention is to provide a system which
allows a user to search all information contained, in multiple
databases, according to key words.
[0023] Another object of the invention is to provide a system which
allows a user to establish a standing search, which searches, by
key words, new information, at specified intervals in the
future.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0024] In one form of the invention, multiple databases, at
different locations, are linked together, so that a user can search
all databases, as though they were a single database.
[0025] In another form of the invention, a user can search multiple
databases by category, or field, for example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1A illustrates the concept of storing RESOURCEs within
a SERVER, and the association of a PROFILE with each RESOURCE.
[0027] FIG. 1B illustrates how RESOURCEs can be divided, according
to two different criteria. That is, RESOURCEs can be classified as
either containing information or not. RESOURCEs can also be
classified as being downloadable or not.
[0028] FIG. 1C illustrates how a client of a SERVER can gain access
to RESOURCEs contained within the client's SERVER, as well as
RESOURCEs contained within other SERVERs.
[0029] FIG. 1D illustrates how a SERVER can be viewed as a
RESOURCE.
[0030] FIG. 1E illustrates storage of PROFILES within REGIONAL
SERVERs and storage of RESOURCEs within LOCAL SERVERs.
[0031] FIGS. 1-4 illustrate screens which the invention causes to
be displayed on a user's PC, during a log-on process. Most of the
icons shown are specific to the user's computer, and relate to
software owned by the user. Those contained within the box labeled
"Continuous Learning System" are related to programs used by the
invention.
[0032] FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate screens at Level 1, which provide
options for the user to select.
[0033] FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate screens displayed, at Level 2, in
response to selection of the "Locate and View" option of FIGS. 5
and 6.
[0034] FIGS. 9-11 illustrate how a user undertakes a Boolean
key-word search.
[0035] FIGS. 12-14 illustrate screens displayed when a user
downloads a RESOURCE located during a search.
[0036] FIG. 15 illustrates display of the downloaded RESOURCE, by
means of launching of a program which generated the RESOURCE.
[0037] FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate modification of the search
described in FIGS. 9-11.
[0038] FIGS. 18-24 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on the
category in which the RESOURCEs are classified.
[0039] FIGS. 25-28 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on the media
upon which the RESOURCEs are stored.
[0040] FIGS. 29-32 illustrate locating RESOURCEs based on the
REPOSITORIEs in which the RESOURCEs are stored.
[0041] FIG. 33 illustrates retrieval of the RESOURCE identified in
FIG. 32.
[0042] FIGS. 34-37 illustrate other SYSTEMs to which the invention
allows a user to gain access.
[0043] FIGS. 38 and 39 illustrate returning to Level 1.
[0044] FIGS. 40-54 illustrate creation of a PROFILE associated with
a RESOURCE.
[0045] FIGS. 55-59 illustrate establishing of an INTEREST, which is
an order to search new PROFILEs at specified times in the
future.
[0046] FIGS. 60 and 61 illustrate the passage of time, during which
the INTEREST was searched.
[0047] FIG. 62 illustrates the results of the INTEREST search.
[0048] FIG. 63 illustrate return to Level 1.
[0049] FIG. 64 illustrates a warning given when the user attempts
to exit, when downloaded files are present, but not yet stored.
[0050] FIG. 65 illustrates layout of a typical screen displayed by
a Graphical User Interface, GUI. The particular icons, which
represent programs and information stored on the computer, will, of
course, differ from one computer to another.
[0051] FIGS. 66-76 illustrate how an ADMINISTRATOR can change
membership of teams, and thereby control the TEAMs' access to
RESOURCEs.
[0052] FIGS. 77 and 78 illustrate identification, on a PROFILE, of
TEAMS which may gain access to the RESOURCEs corresponding to the
PROFILE.
[0053] FIG. 79 illustrates sample search results given to a TEAM
member. The member is allowed access to all 21 RESOURCEs
listed.
[0054] FIG. 80 describes following Figures.
[0055] FIGS. 81-83 illustrate a search undertaken by a user who
does not have access to all 21 RESOURCEs shown in FIG. 79. FIG. 83
shows the RESOURCEs to which this person has access, and the list
is different from that of FIG. 79.
[0056] FIGS. 84-96 illustrate a flow chart which describes the
logic flow of the program contained in the microfiche appendix.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
OVERVIEW
A SERVER Holds RESOURCEs
[0057] FIG. 1A illustrates a SERVER, which is a computer, or
equivalent, which acts as a REPOSITORY, by holding a collection of
RESOURCEs, for the benefit of microcomputers, labeled PC's. The
PC's are the clients of the SERVER.
[0058] At present, for ease of explanation, the RESOURCEs can be
viewed as computer files. However, as will be seen shortly, the
RESOURCEs actually include a vastly larger, and more diverse,
collection of objects than mere computer files. RESOURCEs include
(a) data, (b) information, and (c) knowledge, both as these terms
are generally defined, and also as defined by computer scientists.
This data, information, and knowledge can take the form of
computer-downloadable data, or other forms, such as printed matter.
Each RESOURCE has an associated PROFILE, which contains descriptive
information about the RESOURCE. FIG. 48 illustrates an exemplary
PROFILE. The user of a PC uses the PROFILEs to locates RESOURCEs of
interest by searching through the PROFILEs.
[0059] For example, each PROFILE contains a descriptive title. If a
user is a manufacturer of golf equipment, and is developing a new
golf ball having improved aerodynamic dimples, the user may search
the RESOURCEs by looking for phrases such as
[0060] "golf ball" or
[0061] "aerodynamic" in combination with "golf ball"
[0062] within the PROFILEs. (This searching is standard Boolean
keyword searching.) The invention will locate the PROFILEs, and
thus the RESOURCEs, containing titles which match the search
criteria.
Location of PROFILEs
[0063] FIG. 1A, as well as FIGS. 1B through 1D, indicate, for ease
of explanation, that the PROFILEs are stored in the same SERVER as
the RESOURCEs. However, the preferred method of storage is shown in
FIG. 1E. Two types of SERVER exist, namely, LOCAL SERVERs and
REGIONAL SERVERs. The PROFILEs are stored in the REGIONAL SERVERs.
The RESOURCEs are stored in the LOCAL SERVERs.
[0064] REGIONAL SERVERs, as the name implies, serve a region, and
hold the PROFILEs for RESOURCEs associated with multiple LOCAL
SERVERs located within the region. Both types of SERVER (LOCAL and
REGIONAL) have ADMINISTRATORs, as that term is explained later. (Of
course, the same person can act as ADMINISTRATOR for more than one
SERVER, and for both LOCAL and REGIONAL SERVERs.)
RESOURCEs Not Limited to Computer-Type Data
[0065] The RESOURCEs are not limited to computer-type data, or
files. FIG. 1B provides an example. That Figure shows four
different types of RESOURCEs, namely, a computer FILE (or data), a
BOOK, a reel of MOVIE FILM, and a PHYSICAL OBJECT. The PHYSICAL
OBJECT can take the form of any physical object, such as a computer
disc drive, or a diesel-electric railroad locomotive. Of course,
these four RESOURCEs are exemplary only; numerous different types
of RESOURCEs can exist.
[0066] These RESOURCEs can be divided into two pairs of classes,
based on two different criteria, as indicated by the two dashed
loops. One class pair is based on the fact that the BOOK, MOVIE
FILM, and FILE all contain information, although stored on
different media (paper, celluloid, and magnetic or optical media,
respectively). As information, the RESOURCEs can be transmitted
over a data link, such as a telephone communication channel,
provided they are first translated into the proper format, such as
digitized data. The PHYSICAL OBJECT, in general, does not contain
information.
[0067] The second class pair is based on the fact that the BOOK,
MOVIE FILM, and PHYSICAL OBJECT are all tangible material objects,
while the FILE (when stored within the mass storage of the SERVER)
is not. As material objects, the objects themselves cannot be
transmitted in the same way as the information which they contain.
The objects require physical transportation for a user to obtain
them.
All RESOURCEs, In Certain Respects, Are Treated Identically
[0068] The invention, in certain respects, treats all RESOURCEs
identically, irrespective of their classification as data or
material object. For example, every RESOURCE, irrespective of its
classification, is associated with a PROFILE. All PROFILEs, without
regard to classification, are stored, processed, and made available
to the user of a client-PC, without regard to classification.
[0069] Several examples are the following:
[0070] The user can obtain a complete list of all PROFILEs,
arranged alphabetically by title. The PROFILEs, in general, will
cover RESOURCEs in both classes.
[0071] The user can obtain a complete list of PROFILEs having
titles which contain only certain combination of words, by calling
for a "boolean key-word search." The search is performed without
regard to classification (unless classification is deliberately
made part of the search, as by requesting a search be done only of
RESOURCEs held in the form of video tape).
[0072] The user can obtain a list of all PROFILEs within a
specified category.
[0073] Categories are discussed below. Each PROFILE, when created,
is assigned a category. (If the creator of the PROFILE does not
find a suitable, pre-existing category, then the creator can
establish a new category, which is added to the system.) The
categories are different from the "classifications" described
above. FIG. 19 illustrates exemplary categories.
Security Aspects
[0074] This discussion has presumed that the user has access to all
PROFILEs and all RESOURCEs. However, in general, a user will not
have such broad access, but only access to those PROFILEs and
RESOURCEs for which the user has authorization. When a user
performs a search, only the PROFILEs to which the user has access
are displayed.
[0075] As explained later, the access is controlled by the owner of
the RESOURCE. When the owner deposits a RESOURCE into a REPOSITORY,
the owner can, of desired, restrict access to the RESOURCE, by
designating certain classes of users who are allowed to see the
RESOURCE. (The access restriction is accomplished by placing the
restrictions into the PROFILE, as later discussed.)
[0076] Access can also be limited by the ADMINISTRATOR of a
system.
Multiple REPOSITORIES All Appear as Single REPOSITORY to User
[0077] The preceding discussion has been framed in terms of a
single SERVER. The invention allows multiple SERVERs (ie, multiple
REPOSITORIEs) to be linked together, as shown in FIG. 1C. The
linking is done by commercially available telecommunication
channels.
[0078] By the linking, all RESOURCEs, contained in all SERVERs,
become available to all PC's. However, the linked structure shown
in FIG. 1C is virtually invisible to the user of a given PC. To
that user, all RESOURCEs, wherever located, appear as though
contained within the user's own SERVER (although the user can
ascertain the location of a given RESOURCE, if desired).
[0079] For example, the user of PC 1 can obtain access to the
following RESOURCEs:
[0080] RESOURCE 3, as indicated by dashed path 5;
[0081] RESOURCE 4, as indicated by dashed path 10; and
[0082] RESOURCE 6, as indicated by dashed path 8.
[0083] The user obtains this access without additional steps or
procedures. That is, the fact that the RESOURCEs are located within
different SERVERs (ie, REPOSITORIES), which may be located in
different cities, imposes no requirements of additional procedures.
The user sees all RESOURCEs as though they were located in the
user's own SERVER.
RESOURCEs Can Include SERVICEs, In Addition to REPOSITORIES
[0084] The last RESOURCE, number 6, is different from the other two
RESOURCEs in the following respect. The REPOSITORY holding RESOURCE
6 is not a SERVER which runs the software of the invention.
Instead, this REPOSITORY is a commercially available data SERVICE.
In 1994, three such commercially available SERVICEs are Compuserve,
GEnie, and Paradox. (The Inventors are not endorsing these
particular three SERVICEs, but only pointing to them as providing
defintions of the term "SERVICE.")
[0085] The SERVICEs use their own software to maintain their
RESOURCEs. Nevertheless, the invention allows a user to obtain
access to the RESOURCEs within the SERVICEs. (License fees and
other considerations are matters to be handled between the users
themselves and the SERVICEs. The invention does not provide the
user rights to obtain entry into, or connection with, the
SERVICEs.)
RESOURCEs Can be Viewed as REPOSITORIES
[0086] FIG. 1C can, conceptually, be viewed as shown in FIG. 1D.
Other SERVERs, and the SERVICEs, are tantamount to RESOURCEs
themselves. That is, the user of a PC which is a client of SERVER
14 sees no significant differences between a RESOURCE located in
SERVER 14 and a RESOURCE located within another SERVER.
Any User Can Place A RESOURCE within any REPOSITORY
[0087] A user can create a RESOURCE, such as a computer document,
within any REPOSITORY. For example, the user of PC 1 in FIG. 1C can
place RESOURCE 15 within SERVER 16. (Provided, of course, that the
ADMINISTRATOR of SERVER 16 has given this user permission to do so.
Also, SERVICEs, as opposed to SERVERs, may impose restrictions upon
a user's ability to place RESOURCEs within them.) This user, called
a PROVIDER, can restrict access to the RESOURCE. For example, the
PROVIDER can specify that only certain groups (or TEAMs) of other
users can obtain access.
[0088] As another type of restriction to access, it is here noted
that ADMINISTRATORs can, in effect, restrict access in a similar
way, by at least two different mechanisms. One, the ADMINISTRATORs
determine who gains access to the SERVER under control of the
ADMINISTRATOR. Two, the ADMINISTRATOR can assign users of the
SERVER into the TEAMS discussed in the previous paragraph.
User Can Establish a Standing Search Order
[0089] Any user can request that the PROFILEs of newly added
RESOURCEs be searched for items of interest to the user. For
example, the user can request that the "aerodynamic dimple" search,
mentioned above, be performed upon every new PROFILE which is added
to every REPOSITORY. When a phrase is found, in a PROFILE, which
matches the search criteria ("aerodynamic", "golf ball" etc.), the
user is notified.
[0090] The standing search is done periodically, at intervals (such
as once daily) specified by the user at the time the standing
search is established. Then, at every interval, the invention
automatically performs the search. The inventors point out that the
standing search is not done upon each new PROFILE when it is added
to the invention, but at the intervals specified by the user.
Continuity Aspects
[0091] The invention, as just described, has several aspects of
continuity.
[0092] The REPOSITORIES are continually being updated.
[0093] The network of connected SERVERs (ie, REPOSITORIES) shown in
FIG. 1C is expected to continually expand into a larger network,
containing ever-increasing SERVERs.
[0094] The users can issue standing search orders which continually
search the ever-increasing collection of RESOURCEs.
[0095] Because of this continuity, the invention has been given the
name "Continuous Learning System", or CLS. The CLS can be further
explained by analogy to a library.
Analogy: Virtual Library
[0096] The CLS makes available to a user all of the types of
materials (books, newspapers, microfilm, video tapes, etc.) which
an ordinary library makes available to a user. (In addition, as
discussed above, the CLS makes available the PHYSICAL OBJECTs shown
in FIG. 1B).
[0097] However, the CLS provides a "virtual" aspect to this
library. The term "virtual" means that the CLS provides many, if
not all, of the functions of an actual library, but without
requiring the physical presence of many of the accessories of a
physical library.
[0098] For example, in an actual library, when a patron borrows a
book, the book becomes unavailable to other patrons. In contrast,
under the CLS, many of the RESOURCEs (which are analogous to the
library books) take the form of downloadable data. Multiple copies
can be distributed to multiple users, so that possession by one
user does not deprive another user of access to the RESOURCE.
[0099] As another example, an actual library contains a card
catalog. There is at least one card for each book within the
library's collection. By analogy, the CLS contains a PROFILE for
each RESOURCE. The PROFILEs give important information about each
RESOURCE, such as a descriptive title, the location of the
RESOURCE, etc.
[0100] As yet another example, an actual library contains another
type of listing of its books, namely, a "shelf list." The shelf
list enumerates all of the books, but in order of ascending library
call number, instead of alphabetically. The shelf list tells the
physical location of the books, since the books, on their shelves,
are arranged in numerical order, according to call number.
[0101] Of course, a more macroscopic "shelf list" is the map, found
in every library, which explains the locations of different groups
of call numbers.
[0102] As still another analogy, an actual library categorizes the
books according to subjects, in at least two different ways. One,
the card catalog contains cards, in alphabetical order, for various
subjects. Two, the Dewey Decimal System places books on similar
topics at physically neighboring places.
[0103] Therefore, viewing library books as RESOURCEs, the invention
possesses some of the characteristics of a library. In addition,
the invention adds a virtual aspect to the library, as discussed
above.
[0104] Further, the invention allows a user to order a RESOURCE
held by a REPOSITORY, and the RESOURCE will be delivered. If the
RESOURCE is of the down-loadable type, it will be down-loaded to
the user. Otherwise, a message is sent to the custodian of the
RESOURCE, requesting physical delivery.
[0105] This discussion will now explain, step-by-step, how a user
operates the invention.
Exemplary Sequence of Operation
[0106] The invention is designed to run in conjunction with a
Graphical User Interface (GUI) such as Windows, available from
Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash., or the OS/2 operating
system, available from IBM Corporation, located in Armonk, N.Y.
[0107] FIG. 1 illustrates a typical display which the GUI generates
after the computer's power-up sequence has been executed. To launch
the invention into operation, a user actuates the icon labeled
"CLS," in the usual manner. ("CLS" is an acronym for the phrase
"Continuous Learning System," as stated above.)
[0108] The invention responds by displaying the screen shown in
FIG. 2. This screen prompts the user to enter the user's LOGIN,
which is the user's account number for computer usage. The screen
also prompts the user to enter the user's PASSWORD. Exemplary
LOGINs and PASSWORDs are shown in FIG. 3. (The PASSWORD is
represented by cross-hatchings, because the PASSWORD is to be kept
confidential. The cross-hatchings prevent a nearby observer from
stealing the user's PASSWORD.)
[0109] The LOGIN and PASSWORD are assigned to the user by the
administrator of the CLS, as explained later.
[0110] After entry of the PASSWORD, the invention displays the
screen shown in FIG. 4, which informs the user that the process of
logging on has commenced. When the log-on is successful, the screen
shown in FIG. 5 appears, which can be taken as illustrating Level
1.
[0111] This screen provides the user with four options, as
indicated by the four buttons labeled 1 through 4. These four
options actually encompass a much larger range of available
options, but the screen of FIG. 5 presents four options for
convenience of the user. In brief, these four options allow the
user to perform the following actions:
1. LOCATE AND VIEW
[0112] The CLS system, as a whole, can be viewed as a repository of
RESOURCEs. In a general sense, the CLS can be viewed as a virtual
library. That is, all of the types of materials which are found in
a library are made available by the CLS. However, much of the
material is stored, and made available to the user, in downloadable
computer format. These materials are termed RESOURCEs, and the
"library" is termed a REPOSITORY.
[0113] RESOURCEs include items which are customarily stored within
computer databases, such as computer programs and data. In
addition, RESOURCEs include items which are not stored in
computer-downloadable format Examples of these latter RESOURCEs are
newspapers, video tapes, 35 millimeter films, books, microfilm,
maps, and all other media which are used to carry information.
Further, the concept of a RESOURCE extends to non-informational
subject matter, such as physical objects.
[0114] Every RESOURCE carries with it a PROFILE. Each PROFILE
contains important information about the RESOURCE, such as a
description of the RESOURCE, where it is located, etc. The LOCATE
AND VIEW option allows a user to view the PROFILEs.
2. PROVIDE OR DISTRIBUTE
[0115] This option allows a user to add RESOURCEs to the CLS.
3. IDENTIFY INTERESTS
[0116] The CLS allows a user to search the collection of
repositories for RESOURCEs in which the user is interested. Some
distinctions between "LOCATE AND VIEW" and "IDENTIFY INTERESTS" are
significant.
[0117] The "LOCATE AND VIEW" option allows a user to order a
search, according to specific criteria, as discussed above. The
search is done once, at the time it is made.
[0118] The "IDENTIFY INTERESTS" option allows the user to establish
a search which will be done at periodic intervals in the future.
The intervals are specified by the user. CLS automatically performs
the searches, at the specified intervals, and informs the user of
the results.
4. PERSONAL INFORMATION
[0119] This option allows a user to view and modify information
associated with the user's PROFILE.
[0120] This discussion will give several examples of use of these
options.
Example 1
LOCATE AND VIEW
[0121] Assume that the user actuates the LOCATE AND VIEW button,
number 1, as in FIG. 6. The CLS responds by displaying the screen
shown in FIG. 7. This screen offers the user eight options:
[0122] 1. ALL RESOURCES. This option displays the titles of all
RESOURCEs which are available to the user.
[0123] 2. GENERAL SEARCH. This option allows a user to search the
PROFILEs of all RESOURCEs in pursuit of a particular phrase. The
GENERAL SEARCH allows Boolean Key-Word searching of the
PROFILEs.
[0124] 3. CATEGORY. This option allows a user to search the
PROFILEs by CATEGORY. For example, assume that the user is a
women's fashion designer. The CLS can contain a collection of
drawings and photographs of interest to the fashion industry. The
PROFILES can be divided into CATEGORIES such as "Hats," "Shoes,"
"Evening Wear," Winter Wear," etc.
[0125] 4. MEDIA. This option allows a user to obtain access to
PROFILEs, based on the media type. For example, one media type is
video tape. Another is paper. FIG. 26 gives further examples of
types of media. Media types include down-loadable computer files
and data, video tapes, photographic film, books, audio tape,
CD-ROM, and so on. Media type refers, generally, to the physical
characteristics of the medium which carries the data.
[0126] 5. REPOSITORIES. This option allows a user to view the
RESOURCEs according to the REPOSITORY which holds them. For
example, assume that the Library of Congress is one REPOSITORY, and
the New York City Public Library is another. The user can elect to
view all PROFILEs of RESOURCEs of either library, by selecting the
REPOSITORY.
[0127] 6. SYSTEMS. This option is similar to REPOSITORIEs. This
option allows a user to obtain access to commercially available
SERVICEs, as that term is defined above. These SERVICEs are also
called "On-Line Databases." By selecting this option, a user can
gain access to one of these services, through the CLS.
[0128] 7. SAVE SEARCH AS INTEREST. This option allows a user to
establish a standing search, wherein PROFILEs are searched as they
are created. For example, if the aerodynamic golf ball maker,
described above, chooses this option for the search, then every new
PROFILE which is added to the system is searched for the terms
"aerodynamic" etc. The user is notified when a PROFILE matching the
search criteria is found.
Example Continued
[0129] Assume that the user selects button 2 in FIG. 7, GENERAL
SEARCH, as indicated by the highlighted button in FIG. 8. The CLS
responds by displaying the screen shown in FIG. 9. This display
prompts the user to request a search based on three criteria (or
less).
[0130] For example, assume that the user is interested in RESOURCEs
having the word "UNIX" in the titles of their PROFILEs. The user
enters the word "UNIX" as indicated in FIG. 10. The CLS performs a
search of all REPOSITORIEs, and locates all PROFILEs having the
word "UNIX" in their titles. FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary
result of the search.
[0131] The search provides three pieces of information about each
RESOURCE identified by the search. One, the media type, as
indicated in the column headed "Media." The phrase "On Line"
indicates that the RESOURCE is "On-Line," or in a
computer-down-loadable format (as opposed to being on paper or 35
mm film). If a RESOURCE takes a non-downloadable form, such as a 35
mm film, then the "Media" column so indicates.
[0132] The "Date/Time" column indicates the date and time when the
PROFILE corresponding to a RESOURCE was created.
[0133] The "Title" refers to the title carried by the PROFILE
corresponding to each RESOURCE.
[0134] Significantly, the screen does not indicate the location of
each RESOURCE. To the user, all RESOURCEs appear as though residing
at a common location, even though they may be scattered over a vast
geographic area. Of course, if the user wished to identify the
locations of these RESOURCEs, the user could do so, using other
options described herein.
User Retrieves Resource
[0135] Assume that the user wishes to obtain item number 7 in FIG.
11. The user highlights this item, using a mouse (or keyboard, or
other actuation device, such as a voice sensor), causing the
display to appear as in FIG. 12. Then, the user actuates the button
labeled "RETRIEVE," causing the display to take the appearance
shown in FIG. 13. The icon bearing the sub-title "CLS Download,"
located at the bottom of the Figure, indicates that a down-loading
operation is taking place.
[0136] After the downloading is complete, the screen shown in FIG.
14 is generated. This screen indicates three important facts. One
fact is indicated by the background of the screen, and the heading
at the top of the screen. The background and the heading indicate
that a computer program was launched.
[0137] CLS examined the RESOURCE which was downloaded, and looked
for indicia which identified a computer program which was used to
create the RESOURCE. In this example, the RESOURCE was a file which
was generated by a word-processing program, namely, Microsoft Word
(TM).
[0138] Having identified the word processing program, the CLS
searched for the program, and launched it when CLS found it. The
heading in the display shown in FIG. 14 indicates that this program
has been launched.
[0139] The second fact is that CLS caused the word processing
program to load the RESOURCE which was downloaded, namely, that
which was located during the search for the UNIX title.
[0140] The third fact is that the screen shown in FIG. 14 informs
the user that the RESOURCE which has been downloaded does not exist
elsewhere in the user's computer, and, to be saved, must be saved
by a specific action taken by the user. (Of course, the RESOURCE
maintains its existence in the REPOSITORY from which it was
retrieved). The prompt in FIG. 14 reminds the user to save the
RESOURCE when the user exits the word processing program; otherwise
the RESOURCE will be lost.
[0141] FIG. 15 illustrates the display generated by the CLS after
the user responds to the prompt of FIG. 14. The RESOURCE is
displayed by the same type of word processing program which
generated the RESOURCE.
[0142] As another searching example, assume that the user orders
the search shown in FIG. 16. The user orders that the CLS retrieve
all PROFILES having both the word "unix" and the word "library" in
their titles. The result of the search is shown in FIG. 17. The
result is a single title which, coincidentally, is the same as that
selected for downloading as indicated in FIG. 12.
LEVEL 2: LOCATE AND VIEW BY CATEGORY
[0143] Assume that the user is at level 2 within CLS. That is, the
user selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.
[0144] In Level 2, the user wishes to Locate and View by CATEGORY
as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 18. The CLS responds by
presenting a list of the CATEGORIEs of RESOURCEs which are
available, as shown in FIG. 19.
[0145] This list, in general, includes RESOURCEs from multiple
REPOSITORIEs. That is, the list is global in scope, because the
REPOSITORIEs are, physically, located at multiple locations
throughout the world.
[0146] However, the global aspect of the list is transparent to the
user: to the user, the list is simply a list of locally available
RESOURCEs. The location of the RESOURCEs is not emphasized to the
user, partly because the location does not affect access:
downloadable RESOURCEs are available immediately, while
non-DOWNLOADABLE RESOURCEs are available as fast as modern
transport can deliver them, typically within one day.
[0147] If the user selects a CATEGORY, as indicated by the
highlighted CATEGORY "CLS-TEAM NOTES," then the CLS responds by
displaying a list of the RESOURCEs contained within the CATEGORY,
as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21.
[0148] This list is conceptually similar to the list of RESOURCEs
shown in FIG. 12. In that Figure, the RESOURCEs listed shared a
common feature, namely; they all contained phrases in their PROFILE
titles which match a search string issued in FIG. 10. Similarly, in
FIG. 20, all RESOURCEs listed share the common feature of residing
the same category.
[0149] Restated: the RESOURCEs are grouped according to fixed
categories, such as those shown in FIG. 19. The RESOURCEs can also
be grouped into categories by a search call.
[0150] Assume that the user wishes to obtain the RESOURCE which is
highlighted in FIG. 21. The user actuates the proper button on the
screen, using a mouse, and the CLS retrieves the RESOURCE. In this
case, the RESOURCE takes the form of downloadable data, so that the
CLS is able to obtain the RESOURCE, by telephone, or other data
channel, from the RESOURCE's REPOSITORY.
[0151] The CLS examines the RESOURCE, in order to ascertain whether
a computer program is required to display the resource in its
intended manner. In the present example, the CLS found that such a
program is required, but also found, in attempting to launch that
program, that the program was unavailable, or otherwise unsuitable
for displaying the RESOURCE. Thus, the CLS displays the screen
shown in FIG. 22.
[0152] This screen informs the user that the program is
unavailable, and reminds the user that, to save the downloaded
RESOURCE, the user must take active steps. Otherwise, the RESOURCE
will be lost, and, to be obtained again, must be retrieved from the
REPOSITORY.
[0153] The CLS presents the user with the screen shown in FIGS. 23
and 24, and allows the user to save the RESOURCEs, which in this
example take the form of computer files, in the usual manner.
[0154] Two examples will illustrate some important points regarding
the meaning of "display in the intended manner."
Example 1
[0155] Generally, word processing programs display their documents
in formats which are somewhat unique to each program, and also
store their documents in different data formats on floppy
diskettes.
[0156] For instance, consider text which should be underlined, when
printed on paper. One word processing program may display this
text, on a computer display, as actually underlined. Another word
processing program may instead display this text in a different
color from the surrounding, non-underlined text.
[0157] Further, the two word processing programs will probably
store the document on floppy diskettes as different sequences of
bytes. That is, the sequences stored on diskettes contain two (or
more) types of data. The first type includes the bytes for the
actual text of the document. ASCII codes are commonly used,
although other codes exist, such as EBCDIC.
[0158] The second type includes formatting codes, which indicate
special characteristics of given sections of text, such as the
underlining discussed above. Different word processing programs, in
general, use different codes to signal different characteristics of
the text.
[0159] Thus, a given formatting code may have different meanings in
different documents created by different word processors. The given
code may cause a given piece of text to appear with underlining
when displayed on one word processor, yet cause the same text to
appear as a different color in another processor.
[0160] Further, when some processors display documents generated in
another processor, they simply strip out all such codes, and
display the document in a predetermined, default format.
[0161] The CLS identifies the program which generated the RESOURCE
(such as a word processing document) which is retrieved, and
attempts to launch the program which generated the RESOURCE, so
that the RESOURCE will appear in the same manner as when it was
created.
[0162] This identification is done not only for word processing
documents, but for all RESOURCEs which are retrieved, such as
graphics RESOURCEs, spreadsheet RESOURCEs, and so on.
Example 2
[0163] Multi-media systems display information to a user in several
formats, simultaneously. The information can be visual, as on a
computer display. The visual information can be static, as a
graphic, or sheet of text. The visual information can be dynamic,
as in a changing sequence of images, as in video or animation.
[0164] The information can also be audible, and played from a
speaker.
[0165] Conceivably, the information can be tactile. For example,
Morse Code can be represented as a sequence of long and short
beeps. A proper transducer can make these beeps detectable to the
sense of touch, by vibrating a pad which is touched by the fingers.
Visually impaired persons may utilize such a transducer.
[0166] Another type of tactile information results from the
conversion of visual text into Braille text. The conversion is done
by an electromechanical device, known in the art, containing a
matrix of parallel pins. The device raises the proper pins to
display each letter of the visual text in the proper Braille
format.
[0167] There are numerous other formats of information display. The
identification process under discussion examines a RESOURCE which
is downloaded, and ascertains whether additional files,
information, or data are required to generate a presentation for
the user in the format intended by the RESOURCE.
[0168] The invention locates the necessary files and information,
and launches the proper computer programs necessary for
communication with the user, in the manner intended by the
RESOURCE.
Alternate Procedures
[0169] It is possible to establish a procedure for running a
suitable alternative program, for displaying a RESOURCE, when a
given program is not available. For example, if a RESOURCE requires
a particular word processing program, and if that program is
unavailable when the RESOURCE is downloaded, then the CLS can be
programmed to run another program, such as an earlier version of
the given program, or another program entirely.
[0170] A variation of launching the program can be taken with
RESOURCEs which take the form of compressed data files. For
example, the suffix ".zip" is commonly attached to files which are
in compressed format, and require de-compression for use. When the
CLS examines the file, it will see the suffix, and launch the
proper de-compression program to unpack the file. Then, after
unpacking, the CLS again examines the file to ascertain the to
program which will display the file in its intended manner.
LEVEL 2: LOCATE AND VIEW, MEDIA
[0171] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is,
the user selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1, and
advanced to Level 2.
[0172] In Level 2, the user wishes to Locate and View RESOURCEs by
MEDIA type, as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 25. The CLS
responds by presenting a list of the different types of MEDIA on
which RESOURCEs are stored, as shown in FIG. 26.
[0173] Assume that a user wishes to view a list of all RESOURCEs
taking the form of video MEDIA (eg, videotape cassettes on VHS or
Beta format, and one-inch or two-inch reel tape). The user
highlights the "Video" entry, as in FIG. 27, and the CLS responds
with a list of all RESOURCEs stored in video format, as indicated
in FIG. 28.
[0174] As the screen indicates, the user can select a RESOURCE, and
then view the PROFILE associated with that RESOURCE. In addition,
the user can retrieve the RESOURCE.
[0175] If the RESOURCE takes the form of down-loadable data, then
the RESOURCE is downloaded in the usual manner. However, in the
case of video MEDIA, the REPOSITORY holding the RESOURCE may not
possess equipment capable of downloading the video by a data link
to the user. (That is, the MEDIA may take the form of a
videocassette tape. Data stored on such tape can be analog data,
rather than digital data. Analog data is not directly
downloadable.)
[0176] In this case, the CLS informs the user of the inability to
download, and inquires whether the user wishes to request that the
RESOURCE be physically delivered to the user. If so, the CLS
notifies the REPOSITORY holding the RESOURCE of the user's request.
This notification takes the form of a message sent to the
ADMINISTRATOR of the REPOSITORY in question, using the CLS.
Alternately, the notification can take the form of the CLS sending
a message by a commercially available electronic mail service.
Sometimes, for added reliability, both types of so notification can
be undertaken.
[0177] It is possible to add the following feature to the CLS. When
a user places an order for retrieval of a physical object, such as
the video tape in the present example, the CLS, in addition to
notifying the REPOSITORY of the request, also notifies a
transportation agent.
[0178] For example, if both the user and the REPOSITORY are
affiliated with the same business organization, the CLS can notify
the organization's mail service that the REPOSITORY will soon have
a parcel ready for delivery. The mail service takes the appropriate
steps to pick up the parcel.
[0179] In addition, the CLS can be arranged such that the PROFILEs
of RESOURCEs which are non-downloadable contain relevant shipment
information, such as a notation that the RESOURCE is especially
delicate, large, or heavy. When a user requests physical delivery
of a RESOURCE, the CLS examines the PROFILE, learns whether
relevant shipment information exists, and forewarns the
transportation agent of the information.
[0180] For example, when the CLS informs the mail service that a
parcel (the video tape) will be awaiting retrieval at the
REPOSITORY, the CLS also informs the mail service of the size of
the parcel (very small) so that the mail service knows whether
special preparations are required for the pick-up.
[0181] As an alternative to notifying an internal mail service, the
CLS may notify a public, common carrier, of the impending shipment,
and request that carrier to pick up the parcel. This notification
can be accomplished by using commercially available electronic mail
services.
[0182] As another alternate, as FIG. 96 indicates, the user may
choose that a facsimile message (or FAX) be sent, requesting order
of the RESOURCE. One implementation of this FAXing capability
requires that the LOCAL SERVER, or the user's PC, be equipped with
a facsimile modem, which are known in the art. The content of the
FAX is a predetermined "form" letter, to which CLS adds the
identify of the RESOURCE, plus other ordering information required
by the custodian of the RESOURCE.
Classification of RESOURCEs
[0183] RESOURCEs can be classified as "physical," as physical
objects, such as flex diskettes, videotape, etc., or "soft," as in
computer-downloadable RESOURCEs, such as software.
[0184] When a user orders a "physical" RESOURCE, a message, as
discussed above, is sent to the custodian of the RESOURCE,
requesting delivery. When a user orders a "soft" RESOURCE, the
RESOURCE is downloaded to the user directly.
Features of Display of FIG. 26
[0185] FIG. 26 displays a list of RESOURCEs, containing both "soft"
and "physical" RESOURCEs. The "On Line" entry contains soft
RESOURCEs, while most of the remainder are physical RESOURCEs.
[0186] When the user orders one of the physical RESOURCEs, the
information which CLS transmits to the custodian of the RESOURCE is
in a format which facilitates automatic order-filling by the
custodian, if the custodian is so equipped.
[0187] For example, a common electronic mail message will contain
the ordering user's name and address. This information is in an
electronic format which is easy to assimilate into custodian's
inventory management, or product ordering. That is, the information
is contained within a data file which the custodian can retrieve
into the system which handles the custodian's order entry system.
The custodian can manually transfer the ordering information (such
purchaser's name and address) to the files used in filling orders.
Alternately, the custodian can be equipped with a computer program
which searches the electronic mail message for ordering
information, and automatically loads the information into the
custodian's order-filling software system. An example will
illustrate.
[0188] Assume that the electronic mail message contains the
following text:
[0189] Item ordered: Stock number ABC 123
[0190] Purchaser: John Blank
[0191] Address: 4343 Oak Terrace, Dayton, Ohio 45479
[0192] How to Bill: (Credit Card or Internal or Send Bill)
[0193] Credit Card Number: 1111 2222 3333 4444
[0194] The custodian's program searches the text for the phrase
"Item ordered." When the program finds this text, it then searches
the subsequent text for the stock number to be ordered, and copies
the stock number to the order-filling file.
[0195] The program copies the rest of the information to the
order-filling file in a similar manner. (The "How to Bill" phrase
is followed by three possibilities. The ordering person selects one
of these, as by entering a numeral "1", "2", or "3". The
custodian's program detects the selection, and sets into motion the
proper billing action.
[0196] Different custodians, in general, will require different
items of information. Once the items are known, and the message
format is established by the ADMINISTRATOR, the message which CLS
sends to the custodians will contain all information which is
necessary for completion of a normal business transaction,
resulting in transfer of the ordered RESOURCE. And, as described
above, the message can automatically trigger initiation of the
ordering process.
LOCATE AND VIEW, BY REPOSITORIEs
[0197] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is,
the user selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.
[0198] In Level 2, the user now wishes to Locate and View by
REPOSITORY, as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 29. In
response, the CLS displays all REPOSITORIEs holding RESOURCEs, as
indicated in FIG. 30. Assume that the user selects the REPOSITORY
"Marketing Core Server Team," as indicated by the highlighted entry
in the Figure.
[0199] In response, the CLS displays the RESOURCEs held by the
selected REPOSITORY, as indicated in FIGS. 31 and 32. Assume that
the user selects the RESOURCE entitled "Windows NT `The Right
Choice`", as indicated by the highlighted entry in FIG. 32.
[0200] In response, the CLS retrieves the RESOURCE and examines (as
explained above) the RESOURCE to ascertain which, if any, program
is required to display the RESOURCE. This particular RESOURCE
requires the program entitled "Powerpoint," available from
Microsoft Corporation, as indicated by the suffix ".PPT" contained
in the name of the RESOURCE.
[0201] The CLS launches the Powerpoint program, and loads the
RESOURCE into the program, thereby displaying the RESOURCE in its
intended format, as indicated in FIG. 33.
LOCATE AND VIEW, BY SYSTEMs
[0202] Assume that the user is at level 2 within the CLS. That is,
the user selected option 1 in FIG. 5, which represents Level 1.
[0203] In Level 2, the user now wishes to Locate and View by
SYSTEMs, as indicated by the button actuated in FIG. 34. In
response, the CLS provides a list of systems which are available to
the user, as shown in FIG. 35.
[0204] The term "system" refers to organizations which maintain
collections of information, such as stock market reports,
newspapers, magazines, and so on, which are downloadable to a user.
Three exemplary SYSTEMs were identified above.
[0205] When the user selects a SYSTEM, as indicated in FIG. 36, the
CLS connects the user with that SYSTEM. The user obtains access to
the system, and obtains the same use of the system as if the user
had connected to the system outside the CLS. When the connection is
made with a SYSTEM, the CLS displays an appropriate screen, such as
that shown in FIG. 37.
Adding a RESOURCE to a REPOSITORY
[0206] The user can return to Level 1 by actuating the button shown
in FIG. 38, which causes the screen shown in FIG. 39 to be
displayed. The CLS has returned the user to Level 1.
[0207] Assume that the user selects option #2, "Provide and
Distribute." In response to this option, the CLS displays the
screen shown in FIG. 40, which allows the user to select the
"Provide" option, as indicated. If the user selects the "Provide"
option, the CLS responds with the screen shown in FIG. 41.
[0208] This screen represents the PROFILE of the RESOURCE which the
user is about to provide to a REPOSITORY. The user fills out the
PROFILE in the usual manner, as by the sequence illustrated by
FIGS. 41-49. Several points are significant.
[0209] The user, who is now a PROVIDER, declares an "Access Level,"
by selecting a box at the upper right part of FIG. 41. If the user
selects "Public," then any person gaining access to the CLS can
obtain access to the RESOURCE now being added.
[0210] If the user selects "Organization" or "Team," then only
those members of the user's respective organization or team can
gain access. If the user belongs to many teams or organizations,
the CLS asks the user to specify those to whom access should be
granted.
[0211] The "Resource Title" is, of course, the title which appears
on the PROFILE. When another user, at a later time, performs
searches using the CLS, this title will appear in the list of
titles returned to the later user.
[0212] The "Resource Category" refers to the "Category" described
in connection with FIGS. 18-21. The RESOURCE now being created will
become located within the CATEGORY specified on the PROFILE in FIG.
41. Whenever a later user searches this CATEGORY, the title of the
newly created RESOURCE will be found. (Of course, if the new
RESOURCE has access limited to a particular "Team," and if the
later user is not a member of this "Team," then the later user will
not see the title when any searches are performed. This aspect is
described near the end of the Specification.)
[0213] If the PROVIDER finds the CATEGORIEs which CLS provides to
be unsuitable (these have been created previously by other users of
the system), then the PROVIDER can create a new CATEGORY. The
PROVIDER does this by choosing the option "OTHER," which is
presented when the PROVIDER actuates the box labeled "INFORMATION
CATEGORY" in FIGS. 41-49. The new CATEGORY is then added to the
list of CATEGORIEs, and is shown to all users who subsequently
elect to view the CATEGORIEs.
[0214] "Repository" in FIG. 41 refers to the REPOSITORY which will
receive and then maintain the RESOURCE.
[0215] "Media" refers to the media type, such as those shown in
FIG. 27.
[0216] "Bitmap" refers to a graphical image, or picture, which the
PROVIDER can associate with the PROFILE. FIGS. 46 and 47 illustrate
how the PROVIDER identifies the file which contains this image, at
the time of creation of the PROFILE. Once the file has been
identified, CLS stores it with the PROFILE. At subsequent times,
when other users call up the PROFILE, they can actuate the "Bitmap"
option, and CLS will display the graphical image.
[0217] For example, if the PROFILE's RESOURCE is a physical object,
such as a fuel pump for an automobile, the graphical image may take
the form of a picture of the pump.
Searching for Resource Just Created
[0218] FIGS. 41-49 described creating a PROFILE for a new RESOURCE.
It was entitled "Test Resource for Training," as indicated in FIG.
49. FIG. 50 illustrates a search request, undertaken under the
LOCATE AND VIEW option, done in pursuit of this newly created
RESOURCE.
[0219] FIG. 51 illustrates the results of the search. The new
RESOURCE is highlighted by the user, and the RESOURCE PROFILE
option is selected. If the user actuates the button labeled
"Resource Profile," located at the upper right part of the Figure,
CLS displays the PROFILE of this highlighted RESOURCE as shown in
FIG. 52.
[0220] (If the user selects the "E-Mail" option, by actuating the
proper button at the bottom of the Figure, but if the E-Mail option
is unavailable, then CLS responds with the message shown in FIG.
53.) This message indicates that the file could not be mailed
electronically, but specifies the location of the RESOURCE, and
inquires whether the user wishes to view the RESOURCE. If the user
selects YES, then CLS displays the RESOURCE, as shown in FIG.
54.
ESTABLISHING A STANDING SEARCH
LEVEL 1--IDENTIFY INTERESTS
[0221] In brief, this option allows a user to establish a standing
search, analogous to a search described in FIGS. 9-12, above.
However, this standing search examines new RESOURCEs shortly after
they are added to their REPOSITORIEs, instead of searching the
REPOSITORIEs immediately. How often the standing search is executed
is controlled by the user.
[0222] Thus, if a user is interested in new developments in, say,
pediatric medicine, the user would establish a standing search in
the appropriate category for the subject of interest. The user
accomplishes this as follows.
[0223] At Level 1, as indicated in FIG. 55, a user can select
option #3, "Identify Interests." The CLS responds by displaying the
screen shown in FIG. 56. Assume that the user selects option #2,
"Add/Delete Interests."
[0224] The CLS displays the screen shown in FIG. 57, which invites
the user to enter a phrase which describes the interest. The user
can enter a phrase or, as indicated in FIG. 58, opt to view the
user's presently established INTERESTs (if any exist). FIG. 59
illustrates the present INTERESTs, namely, "CLS." This INTEREST was
saved after a previous search was performed.
[0225] Irrespective of the particular manner in which the user
creates an INTEREST (either by (a) direct entry of a phrase in FIG.
58, (b) by recalling a previous interest, or (c) by modification of
the previous interest) the CLS acts upon the interest in the
following way.
[0226] The CLS, automatically, searches each new PROFILE, at the
times specified by the user when the INTEREST was created,
according to the search criteria established by the INTEREST.
[0227] During a search, if the search criteria are fulfilled, the
CLS notifies the user. The CLS accomplishes the notification by
placing a small icon on the screen of the user's computer. This
icon does not disrupt any current activity of the user. One such
icon is that located in the lower left comer of FIG. 5, indicating
"9 notifications," meaning that nine PROFILEs were found which
match the standing search, or INTEREST.
[0228] The user can view the search results, as shown in FIG. 62,
by actuating the button at the lower left, associated with the
phrase "10 notifications." The search results are then displayed,
as shown in FIG. 62.
[0229] FIG. 60 illustrates a screen from which a user may exit.
Upon exiting, the GUI will display a screen of the type shown in
FIG. 61. The icon containing the number "10" and labeled "NCR
Continuous Learning" indicates the results of a standing search, or
INTEREST. To view the search results from this level, the user
actuates this icon, which causes the display shown in FIG. 62 to be
generated. The display lists the PROFILEs found which match the
search criteria.
REMINDER TO SAVE UPON EXITING
[0230] When a user wishes to exit the CLS, the user actuates the
exit button, as shown in FIG. 63. If the CLS contains local files,
which have been downloaded, but not yet saved, the CLS reminds the
user of this fact at this time, by means of the screen shown in
FIG. 64. The user takes appropriate action. (Of course, the
originals of the downloaded items are still located at their
respective RESOURCEs, and are not lost if the user does not heed
the warning screen shown in FIG. 64.)
[0231] Upon exiting the CLS, the Graphical User Interface displays
a screen resembling that in FIG. 65.
MODIFICATION OF TEAM MEMBERSHIP
[0232] FIG. 66 explains the fact that the CLS Administrators manage
the membership of teams, and provides a scenario wherein subsequent
Figures illustrate modification of team membership. These screens
are available only to the Administrator of the SERVER running CLS,
and not to the users.
[0233] In FIG. 67, the Administrator actuates the MEMBERSHIP
button. The CLS responds with a list of members, as shown in FIG.
68, together with the team affiliation of each. The team
affiliation follows the symbol "@".
[0234] In FIG. 69, the Administrator clicks the ADD button, because
the Administrator wishes to add a member to a team. The CLS
responds by displaying the screen shown in FIG. 70. The
Administrator provides the information requested, and actuates the
proper buttons on the screen.
[0235] The CLS adds the person identified in the screen shown in
FIG. 70 to the proper team. The membership of the new team can be
viewed as shown in FIG. 71.
[0236] The screen of FIG. 71 can also be used as a launching point
to modify membership of the TEAMs under the control of the
Administrator. (The Administrator of each SERVER handles the TEAM
membership of that SERVER.) The Administrator actuates the button
TEAMs, causing the CLS to display the screen shown in FIG. 72. For
simplicity, a single team is illustrated, namely "CLS ADMIN
USERS."
[0237] The Administrator actuates the MODIFY button, causing the
CLS to display the screen shown in FIG. 73. The upper frame lists
the current members of the TEAM selected in FIG. 72. The lower
frame provides a roster of possible members. This roster includes
all users which the SERVER, under control of the ADMINISTRATOR,
serves.
[0238] The ADMINISTRATOR selects users in the lower frame to be
added to the TEAM, as indicated by the highlighting in FIG. 74, and
then actuates the ADD button, as shown in FIG. 75. The CLS adds the
selected users to the TEAM, as indicated in FIG. 76.
CREATING A RESOURCE WHICH IS LIMITED TO SPECIFIC TEAMS
[0239] FIG. 77 illustrates a PROFILE of an exemplary RESOURCE which
is being created by the ADMINISTRATOR, and which is entitled
"CONFIDENTIAL REPORT ON CLS SECURITY REQUIREMENTS." The PROFILE is
generated as shown in FIG. 78, and, as indicated, access to it has
been restricted by the entry adjacent the symbol "CLS ADMIN
USERS."
[0240] To illustrate the restricted access to the RESOURCE (after
its creation) the ADMINISTRATOR first performs a SEARCH (using
steps not shown, but explained above, in connection with FIGS.
10-12) which would ordinarily locate the newly created RESOURCE.
The results of the search are shown in FIG. 79. The "CONFIDENTIAL
REPORT . . . ", which is the RESOURCE just created, appears at the
bottom of the list.
[0241] Then, as explained in FIG. 80, the Administrator simulates a
search run by a user who is not a member of any team which has been
granted access to this "CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . . " As indicated by
FIGS. 80 and 81, the non-TEAM member performs a search which would,
ordinarily, locate the "CONFIDENTIAL REPORT . . . " However, FIG.
83 shows the search results, which omit the "CONFIDENTIAL REPORT .
. . "from the list of RESOURCES available to this user.
[0242] This sequence illustrates the fact that the creator of a
RESOURCE controls the access to the RESOURCE, by identifying the
TEAMS which can gain access to the RESOURCE.
Flow Chart of Programs
[0243] FIGS. 84-96 illustrate a flow chart of the logic followed by
the program contained in the microfiche appendix. This program was
written to run on computers using the 80.times.86 family of
microprocessors, available from Intel Corporation. The microfiche
appendix, together with the flow chart, will allow a user to write
code which can run on other processors.
[0244] In the flow chart, the word "illustration" refers to the
patent Figures. For example, in flow chart FIG. 84, the fourth
paragraph in the large box states: "See illustration 6 . . . "
"Illustration 6" refers to FIG. 6.
Brief Description of Files
[0245] The files identified in the flow chart are summarized as
follows.
[0246] 1. MAINCAT1.OBS--Purpose: main screen. Generates four
icon-buttons, namely,
[0247] (1) Locate & View (refers to MAINCAT2),
[0248] (2) Identify Interests (refers to MAINCAT3),
[0249] (3) Personal Information (refers to MAINCAT), and
[0250] (4) Provide or Distribute (refers to MAINCAT5). Subscription
Alert, Checks & Button
[0251] 2. MAINCAT2.OBS--Locate & View screen Generates eight
icon-buttons, namely,
[0252] (1) Resource Catalog (A to Z) (refers to MAINCAT1),
[0253] (2) Search (refers to SRCHNEW),
[0254] (3) Resource Catalog--Categories (refers to MAINCAT1),
[0255] (4) Media, Search by (refers to MAINCAT1),
[0256] (5) Repositories, Search by (refers to MAINCAT1),
[0257] (6) Systems (refers to MAINCAT1),
[0258] (7) Save as Interest (refers to PROFILE), and
[0259] (8) Return to Main Menu.
[0260] 3. MAINCAT3.OBS--Identify interests screen. Generates two
icon-buttons, namely,
[0261] (1) View Interests (refers to PROFILE), and
[0262] (2) Interests Administration (refers to PROFILE).
[0263] 4. MAINCAT4.OBS--Personal information screen. Generates two
icon-buttons, namely,
[0264] (1) View Personal Profile (refers to USER2), and
[0265] (2) Change Password (refers to PWDCHG).
[0266] 5. MAINCAT.OBS--Provide or Distribute System. Generates two
icon-buttons, namely,
[0267] (1) Provide (refers to CATADMIN), and
[0268] (2) Membership (Administration Only) (refers to MEMBERS
N/A).
[0269] 6. CAT1.OBS--Interactive screen to Locate & View by "A
to Z," Category, Media, Repository, and also for viewing alternate
Systems reachable from CLS (refers to RESULTS.OBS).
[0270] 7. SRCHNEW.OBS--General search screen; user-interactive
screen for search of the CLS database by logical combinations of
title, description, and date (refers to RESULTS.OBS).
[0271] 8. RESULTS.OBS--Results screen (includes number of entries
found in search, list of entries, "more info" button, OK, and
Cancel buttons). Key function cataloginfo( ): gets profile
information and, if needed, retrieves the corresponding file and
opens it locally in appropriate application; may call CATDBF1 to
display profile.
[0272] 9. PROFILE.OBS, PROFILE1.OBS--Screen to add or delete
interests.
[0273] 10. CATADMIN.OBS--Screen to administer accessible resource
profiles (especially New, Modify, Delete). (Refers also to
NCRCAT.INC (especially Getinfo( ) function, called by Modify( ).
Also refers to DIALOG.OBS.)
[0274] Important subroutines: Commito( ) (OK), Modify( ), and
[0275] FID206( ) (Delete).
[0276] 11. MEMBERS.OBS--Screen lists all members of teams, and
allows Administrator to add, modify, and delete members. (Refers to
USERADM.OBS.)
[0277] 12. CATDBF1.OBS--Shows profile data and also information on
contact and functions to request more information directly from
contact. Can also retrieve corresponding "On-Line" file and open it
locally in appropriate application, in manner similar to
RESULTS.OBS. (Refers to QTY.OBV.)
[0278] 13. USERADMIN.OBS--Screen to add, modify, or delete members
from the CLS. (Refers to NEWORG.OBS.)
[0279] 14. CLNSIGN1.OBS--Purpose: initial sign-on for the CLS. See
FIG. 3. Verify( ) performs the single logon to the SERVER. (Server$
appears only here.)
[0280] 15. PWDCHG.OBS--Screen to allow users to change their own
passwords.
[0281] 16. USER2.OBS--Screen to allow user to view his or her
personal information profile (eg, name, e-mail address, user
environment). The information is maintained and edited only by the
Administrator.
[0282] 17. NEWORG.OBS--Screen for use by CLS Administrator to
define "organization" (as used in CATADMIN for "IPD
Only"/"Organization" checkbox.)
[0283] 18. DIALOG.OBS--For adding "Bitmap"/"Preview" from SUB
FID257 in CATADMIN.OBS.
[0284] 19. ABOUT.OBS--Screen gives CLS version and system
information, and access to CREDITS.OBV.
[0285] 20. ADVISOR.OBS--Activated from MAINCAT1.OBS, lines 593 and
616. This module executes the display of the list of supplemental
operating instructions, described in point number 7, below.
[0286] 21. ALERT.OBS--Activated from MAINCAT1.OBS, line 590. This
module allows an ADMINISTRATOR to privately communicate with a
selected user, as described in point number 8, below.
[0287] 22. CLNSAVE.OBS--Screen for saving files from CLS.
[0288] 23. CLSINTRO.OBS--Relates to a screen displayed before CLS
runs.
[0289] 24. CREDITS.OBS--Credits for CLS product.
Additional Considerations
[0290] 1. Each REPOSITORY takes the form of mass memory which is
associated with a computer, which is called a SERVER. (Alternately,
the REPOSITORY can include both the SERVER and the mass
memory.)
[0291] The REPOSITORIEs hold the PROFILEs of the RESOURCEs. Some
RESOURCEs are downloadable, and are stored in the mass memory.
Other RESOURCEs are not downloadable, and will be stored at a
location designated on their respective PROFILEs.
[0292] The invention links all REPOSITORIEs together, in a manner
which is transparent to the user. For example, as discussed above,
a user can request a listing of the titles of all RESOURCEs, no
matter which REPOSITORIEs hold the RESOURCES.
[0293] The listing appears, to the user, as though all RESOURCEs
are located in a single REPOSITORY, although, in general, such is
not the case: multiple REPOSITORIEs are involved.
[0294] Of course, if the user calls for a particular PROFILE whose
title appears in the listing, the PROFILE identifies the
REPOSITORY. If the user examines several PROFILEs, it will become
clear that multiple REPOSITORIEs are involved.
[0295] From another point of view, every user can obtain access to
the PROFILEs contained in all REPOSITORIEs (subject to the
access/security restrictions discussed above.) These PROFILEs can
be searched presently (or as they are created, by establishing an
INTEREST), without regard to the fact that multiple REPOSITORIEs
hold the PROFILEs.
[0296] In addition, every user can obtain any RESOURCE, identified
in a PROFILE, no matter which REPOSITORY holds it (subject, again,
to the security restrictions.)
[0297] Thus, despite the fact that the RESOURCEs and their PROFILEs
are distributed over multiple REPOSITORIEs, which themselves can be
distributed world-wide geographically, the user deals with them as
though they were located in a single place.
[0298] As stated earlier, the soft RESOURCEs are located at local
SERVERs. The PROFILEs are located in REGIONAL SERVERs.
[0299] 2. When a RESOURCE is downloaded to a SERVER, the invention
examines the RESOURCE in an attempt to identify whether a computer
program should be launched, or other actions taken, in order to
properly display the RESOURCE. One type of examination involves
looking at the file name of the RESOURCE. For example the file name
"Letter.doc" is interpreted as having been created by a word
processor which customarily adds the suffix "doc" to its files.
[0300] When the invention finds this suffix "doc", the invention
consults a look-up table, finds the program which uses the suffix
"doc", and then attempts to locate the program, launch it, and load
the RESOURCE into it.
[0301] Another type of examination involves examining data
contained in a header of the RESOURCE. These examinations can
collectively be described as looking for indicia which identify the
program which generated the RESOURCE.
[0302] 3. One significant feature of the invention is that all
possible options available to a user are displayed on the screens
generated by the invention. Selecting an option is
self-explanatory: a pointing device is used (for example).
[0303] Providing information which the option requires is also
self-explanatory: the user fills in blanks, such as those shown in
FIG. 45 (which relate to PROFILEs), using a keyboard.
[0304] This feature eliminates a need for the user to remember
arcane computer commands, and reduces time required to learn how to
use the invention.
[0305] 4. As discussed above, the PROFILEs are stored in REGIONAL
SERVERs, while the downloadable RESOURCEs are stored in LOCAL
SERVERs. A physical RESOURCE, described by a PROFILE stored in a
REGIONAL SERVER, can be stored at any convenient location.
[0306] Multiple REGIONAL SERVERs, all storing identical collections
of PROFILEs, in order to enhance performance. That is, multiple
REGIONAL SERVERs can provide faster response to numerous users than
can a single REGIONAL SERVER.
[0307] 5. FIG. 95 indicates that the files MEMBERSHIP.OBV and
MEMBERSHIP.OBS are not included in the microfiche appendix. The
reason is that these files contain the actual membership lists.
These lists are created by the user of CLS.
[0308] 6. FIG. 2 contains the phrase, in faint grey lettering, "CLS
Overview." This represents an option for the user to view a
six-screen tutorial which explains how to use the CLS system. The
tutorial automatically is shown when a user logs on for the first
time. The user can de-activate the tutorial, which causes the
option to be displayed in grayed text, as in FIG. 2.
[0309] 7. It has been found that users pose questions to the
ADMINISTRATOR regarding operation of the system. These questions
are delivered to the ADMINISTRATOR in any convenient manner, such
as by telephone, letter, electronic mail, etc.
[0310] The invention allows the ADMINISTRATOR to provide to the
users a list of these questions, together with answers to the
questions (or any selected group of questions-and-answers). The
users obtain access to these questions by the button in FIG. 5
labeled "CLS Advisor."
[0311] In practice, the ADMINISTRATOR will continually update the
list of questions, thus providing a continually updated list of
instructions for operating the system.
[0312] 8. CLS makes provision for the ADMINISTRATORs to send
private messages to single users. When the message arrives, an icon
appears on the user's screen, informing the user of the
message.
[0313] Definitions. The terms used herein have established meanings
in the art. Some additional definitions are the following.
[0314] The term "Personal Computer," or PC, has been used. It is to
be understood that this term is not limited to the specific set of
microcomputers having an architecture designed around the
8.times..times.86 microprocessor manufactured by Intel Corporation.
Rather, the term refers to microcomputers generically, and
includes, for example, desktop computers, laptop computers,
workstations, and terminals. The term includes machines designed
according to different architectures and using different
processors.
[0315] SERVERs are computers, and frequently take the form of
large, mainframes. However, as computer technology evolves, the
power of mainframes is becoming available in much smaller
devices.
[0316] A significant feature of the invention is that the invention
allows a given PC to act as either a SERVER or as a CLIENT of a
SERVER.
[0317] RESOURCEs have been described above. RESOURCEs are located
in REPOSITORIEs. If a RESOURCE takes the form of downloadable data,
then such a RESOURCE will most likely be stored in mass storage
(eg, disc drives or tape systems) of a SERVER.
[0318] However, it is not required that this mass storage be
directly "on-line." That is, for example, a given RESOURCE may be
stored on magnetic media, such as magnetic tape or floppy
diskettes, which are kept on storage racks. While the media are
located on the racks, they cannot be read by a computer, and are
not considered "on-line." To obtain access to the data, the tapes
or discs must be loaded onto appropriate drives.
[0319] If a RESOURCE takes the form of a physical object, then the
RESOURCE is stored in the same manner as others of its type, as in
a warehouse.
[0320] PROFILEs are collections of information which describe
RESOURCES.
[0321] Numerous substitutions and modifications can be undertaken
without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is desired to be secured by Letters Patent is the invention as
defined in the following claims.
* * * * *