U.S. patent application number 10/051404 was filed with the patent office on 2002-12-12 for electrical conduit and conduit system.
Invention is credited to Louden, R. K..
Application Number | 20020185862 10/051404 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26827240 |
Filed Date | 2002-12-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020185862 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Louden, R. K. |
December 12, 2002 |
Electrical conduit and conduit system
Abstract
An electrical conduit piece of the invention has two external
threaded regions, one threaded region having a left hand threaded
region and one having a right hand threaded region. This conduit
piece is particularly well adapted to be used in conventional
conduit systems by coupling to conventional conduit pieces through
a coupling of the invention having two internal threaded regions,
one threaded region having left hand threads and the other threaded
region having right hand threads. A groove may be formed in the
internal wall of the coupling, e.g., at or near its longitudinal
center to provide an open region in which ends of conduit pieces
inserted into the coupling can abut. Residing in the grooved region
of the coupling is a locking rind which scores the threads of the
conduit pieces at 90.degree. preventing any tangential force from
outside of the system from unscrewing one of the conduit pieces
from the coupling. In a preferred embodiment, the conduit piece is
embodied as a curved or elbow conduit.
Inventors: |
Louden, R. K.; (Pittsburgh,
PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
R K Louden
3 Marquette Rd
Pittsburgh
PA
15229
US
|
Family ID: |
26827240 |
Appl. No.: |
10/051404 |
Filed: |
January 18, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60169231 |
Dec 6, 1999 |
|
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60129126 |
Apr 13, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
285/12 ; 285/179;
285/321 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02G 3/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
285/12 ; 285/179;
285/321 |
International
Class: |
F16L 025/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A conduit system, comprising: a plurality of first conduit
pieces, each first conduit piece having a first end with a first
threaded region and a second end with a second threaded region,
with the first and second threaded regions having substantially the
same first thread direction; at least one second conduit piece
having a first end with a first threaded region and a second end
with a second threaded region, with the first and second threaded
regions of the second conduit piece each having substantially the
same second thread direction, with the second thread direction
being different than the first thread direction; and at least one
coupling, the coupling comprising a first threaded portion and a
second threaded portion, with the first threaded portion having a
different thread direction than the second threaded portion, with
the first threaded portion of the coupling configured to reversibly
engage the first threaded region on the first conduit piece and
with the second threaded portion of the coupling configured to
reversibly engage the second threaded region on the second conduit
piece to reversibly couple the first conduit piece with the second
conduit piece; and at least one locking, the ring comprising a
coarse threaded portion, the threaded portion being oriented to the
inside of the ring and the threads being aligned perpendicular to
the long axis, with the ring being formed to less than 360.degree.
and formed from a material having spring like characteristics.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising another coupling, the
other coupling having a first threaded portion and a second
threaded portion, with the first threaded portion having a
different thread direction than the second threaded portion, the
second threaded portion of the other coupling configured to engage
the first threaded region on the second conduit piece and the first
threaded portion configured to reversibly engage an end of another
first conduit piece to couple the first end of the second conduit
piece with an end of the other conduit piece, the locking ring to
score grooves in the threads of the first and second threaded
portion at 90.degree. to the direction of the threads.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first thread direction
comprises right hand threads.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second threaded direction
comprises left hand threads.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first threaded portion of the
coupling comprises right hand threads and the second threaded
portion comprises left hand threads.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the locking ring comprises coarse
threads oriented perpendicular to the threads of claims 3,4, and
5.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the coupling comprises an
internal groove region positioned such that when the first and
second conduit pieces are coupled by the coupling, the first end of
the first conduit piece abuts the second end of the second conduit
piece in the internal groove region.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second threaded
regions of the first and second conduit pieces comprise external
threads.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second threaded
portions of the coupling comprise internal threads.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the threaded portion of the
locking ring comprises of internal threads.
11. A conduit system, comprising: a plurality of first conduit
pieces having a first end and a second end, with first externally
threaded regions located at each end, each first threaded region
comprising right hand threads; a plurality of second conduit pieces
having a first end and a second end, with second, externally
threaded regions located at each end, each second threaded region
comprising left hand threads; and a coupling located between
adjacent first and second conduit pieces and configured to
reversibly engage one end of a first conduit piece with one end of
an adjacent second conduit piece, the coupling comprising a first,
internally threaded, right hand thread portion configured to engage
an end of a first conduit piece and a second, internally threaded,
left hand thread portion configured to engage an end of a second
conduit piece, the coupling having an internal groove region
positioned such that when the coupled ends of the first and second
conduit piece are threaded into the coupling, the inserted ends
abut in the internal groove region, a locking ring abiding in the
internal grooved region of the coupling and as the inserted ends of
the conduit pieces enter the grooved region, they are scored at
90.degree. by the coarse threads of the locking ring.
12. A method of forming a conduit system, comprising the steps of:
providing a plurality of first conduit pieces, each first conduit
piece having a first end with a first threaded region and a second
end with a second threaded region, with the first and second
threaded regions having the same first thread direction; providing
at least one second conduit piece having a first end with a first
threaded region and a second end with a second threaded region,
with the first and second threaded regions of the second conduit
piece being of the same second thread direction, with the second
thread direction being different from the first thread direction;
providing a coupling having a first threaded portion and a second
threaded portion, with the thread direction of the first and second
threaded portions being different from each other; engaging the
first threaded portion of the coupling with a first threaded region
on a first end of a first coupling piece; engaging the second
threaded portion of the coupling with a second threaded region on a
second end of the second coupling piece; and rotating the Coupling
in a first direction to thread the first end of the first coupling
piece and second end of the second coupling piece into the coupling
until the threads are scored by the locking ring and the ends
abut.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the coupling has an internal
groove region and the method comprises rotating the coupling such
that the ends of the first and second conduit pieces are scored by
the locking ring and abut in the groove region.
14. The method of claim 13, including rotating the coupling in a
second direction to disengage the first conduit piece from the
second conduit piece.
15. The method of claim 12, including inserting a flexible member
through the first and second conduit pieces and the coupling before
coupling the conduit pieces together.
16. The method of claim 12, including providing another coupling
having a first threaded portion and a second threaded portion, with
the thread directions of the first and second threaded portions of
the other coupling being different; engaging the second threaded
portion of the other coupling with the first end of the second
conduit piece; engaging the first threaded portion of the other
coupling with an end of another first conduit piece; and rotating
the other coupling in a first direction to couple the first end of
the second conduit piece with the end of the other first conduit
piece.
17. A method of retrofitting a conduit system having a plurality of
first conduit pieces with opposed ends and threaded regions of the
same thread direction located on each end, the first conduit pieces
being coupled by first couplings having opposed ends with threaded
portions of the same thread direction as the threaded regions of
the first conduit pieces, the method comprising the steps of:
removing at least one first conduit piece and at least one of the
first couplings; replacing the removed first conduit piece with a
second conduit piece having a first end and a second end, the first
end having a first threaded region of the same direction as the
first conduit piece and the second end having a second threaded
region of different thread direction than the first threaded
region; replacing the removed first coupling with a second
coupling, the second coupling comprising a first threaded region
having the same direction as the first threaded region of the
second conduit piece and a second threaded portion of the same
thread direction as the second threaded region of the second
conduit piece; engaging the second threaded portion of the coupling
with the second end of the conduit piece; engaging the first
threaded portion with an end of an adjacent first conduit piece;
and rotating the second coupling to engage the second end of the
second conduit piece with the adjacent end of a first conduit piece
until
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the second coupling comprises a
groove region wherein resides a locking rind and the coupled ends
of the conduit pieces abut in the groove region.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefits of;
[0002] United States Application No. 60/169,231 filed December 6,
1999
[0003] United States Application No. 60/129,126 filed April 13,
1999 both of which are herein incorporated by reference.
REFERENCES CITED
[0004]
1 U.S. Patent Documents 4,564,225 1/14/1986 Taylor 285/333
4,091,523 5/30/1978 Reicke 285/148 5,474,334 12/12/1995 Eppink
285/184
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0005] 1. Field of the Invention
[0006] This invention relates generally to couplings, elbows,
nipples and piping and/or conduit systems and, more particularly,
to an electrical conduit system for encasing and protecting
flexible wires or cables, such as electrical, optical or
communication type cables. An example as such is defined in
National Electrical Code "Rigid Metal Conduit" and "Intermediate
Metal Conduit", Articles No. 346 and No. 345 respectively. The
product also is defined in Underwriters Laboratories.RTM.
Publication #6 and #1242, titled respectively, "Rigid Metal
Conduit" and "Intermediate Metal Conduit". In the case of metal
conduit, the encasement itself is used as an electrical ground and
generally eliminates the need for separate internal ground.
[0007] 2. Description of the Currently Available Technology In
construction and architectural applications, electrical conduit
systems are used to encase and protect flexible lines or cables,
such as electrical power lines, telephone lines, fiber optic
cables, computer network cables, etc., to prevent damage to these
lines. Such electrical conduit systems are used within buildings,
e.g., within the walls of buildings, underground, and for exposed
above-ground outdoor applications. Conventional electrical conduit
systems consist of individual conduit sections or pieces usually
made of rigid material, such as galvanized or stainless steel, PVC,
or aluminum, coupled together to form the conduit system, generally
referred to as a "conduit run". Examples of standard electrical
conduit pieces include straight conduit sections, for example ten
foot sections of conduit of various diameters with exterior or male
threads on each end; so-called "nipples", i.e., shorter straight
conduit sections of various diameters with exterior or male threads
on each end; and elbows, i.e., bent or curved conduit sections also
with exterior or male threads on each end. By standard convention,
the threads on the ends of the conventional conduit pieces are all
right hand threads. Adjacent conduit pieces are connected together
by a female coupling having continuous, internal right hand
threads.
[0008] To construct a conventional electrical conduit system, a
first conduit piece, e.g., a nipple, is secured at one end of the
conduit run, usually at the feed end. A female coupling is screwed
onto the outer end of the first conduit piece until seated. Then, a
second conduit piece, for example a straight ten-foot section or an
elbow, is inserted into the other end of the female coupling and
turned to thread it into the female coupling to connect the second
conduit piece to the first conduit piece. Additional conduit
pieces, connected by additional female couplings, are successively
added to form the electrical conduit system. The sections or pieces
may be attached to walls or suspended from a ceiling by various
known methods. Typically, offsets (or elbows) are required in the
"run" that cannot be rotated about the longitudinal axis. While
generally acceptable for protecting cables, there are limitations
associated with conventional electrical conduit pieces and
electrical conduit systems. For example, in conventional systems
each conduit piece must be successively coupled to the previous
conduit piece. Once the conduit system is formed, it is difficult
to reenter or access an intermediate section of the conduit system.
Such reentry typically entails complete disassembly of the conduit
system from one end to the point of desired access. This
disassembly can be costly and labor intensive.
[0009] Alternatively, for complex conduit runs, access is sometimes
gained to intermediate sections by destructive means, generally
involving pipe cutting and wire pulling or cutting. However, this
creates a problem, particularly in confined areas such as the
interior of walls, in that the destroyed section of conduit cannot
generally be replaced with the same type of conduit pieces since
there is not sufficient room to thread the conduit pieces together,
i.e., there is insufficient room to rotate the new conduit pieces,
particularly curved conduit pieces, into the coupling.
[0010] Additionally, to connect conventional conduit pieces
together the conduit pieces must be rotated or turned to thread the
end of one conduit piece into the adjacent female coupling. Since
conventional conduit pieces can weigh on the order of several
hundred pounds, several workers may be required to align and rotate
larger conduit pieces. This rotation is particularly difficult with
large elbow pieces which, in addition to the problem of their
weight, also require enough clearance room, especially from wall
installations, for the curved outer section of the elbow to rotate
while threading an end of the elbow into a conventional female
coupling. The turning of such large conduit pieces increases the
manpower requirement to form a conventional electrical conduit
system and, hence, increases the cost of construction.
[0011] Further, since the conventional conduit pieces must be
rotated during construction of the electrical conduit system, the
cable or cables to be protected cannot be pre-positioned inside the
disassembled conduit pieces. Rather, after the entire conduit
system has been constructed, the cable is typically pulled through
the entire conduit system from one end to the other. This pulling
may damage the cable and is particularly disadvantageous for fiber
optical cables. For example, many conventional fiber optic cable
systems have four or more spaced fiber optic cables passing through
the conduit system. These fiber optic cables are held in place by
spacers in the conduit pieces. Because the conventional conduit
pieces must be rotated to form the conduit system, the fiber optic
cables cannot be inserted into the conduit pieces until the entire
conduit system has been constructed to prevent twisting or damage
to the cables. However, pulling the fiber optic cables through the
entire system presents an opportunity for the fiber optic cables to
be broken, damaged or misaligned.
[0012] Therefore, several complex clamping devices are commonly
employed. One such device comprises of a split sleeve with an
internal threaded region on both sections. The device is bolted
over the external threaded region of two components thereby
connecting them. Another device, referred to as an "Erickson"
coupling, is comprised of first sleeve with a internal threaded
portion and an internal flange. The first sleeve is slipped over
the end of one of the conduit sections and second sleeve is
threaded onto the end of the same conduit. The third sleeve is
comprised of an interior threaded portion and an exterior flange
and threaded surface. The interior threaded portion of the third
sleeve is threaded onto a second conduit piece. The first sleeve
slipped back along the first conduit, fitted over the second sleeve
and subsequently rotated or threaded onto the third sleeve. A
secure joint is completed as the second sleeve abuts the interior
flange of the first sleeve, the first sleeve being threaded against
the exterior flange of the third sleeve. A third method is also
employed using the device described in United States patent
#4,091,523, (Reicke, 29/525.11). The description of the device from
the abstract cites: A sleeve having first and second interior
surface portions. The first surface portion is threaded and
communicates with one open end of the sleeve., the second surface
portion is smooth and communicates with the opposite open end of
the sleeve. A bore is formed through the sleeve and the second
surface portion thereof, and a set screw is threaded into the bore.
The sleeve is first slipped, and then threaded, onto a first
conduit, the conduit being first received by the smooth interior
surface and then by the threaded interior surface. The end of the
second conduit is the disposed adjacent the sleeve, and the sleeve
is screwed back off the first conduit onto the second conduit until
the first conduit is received by the smooth interior surface and
the second conduit by the threaded interior surface. The set screw
is threaded against the first conduit.
[0013] However, these known clamping devices are generally
expensive to purchase and install. They posses the additional
disadvantage of being bulky, thereby requiring a larger free space
between parallel or adjacent conduit runs, or a larger free space
within confined areas such as within walls, than would conventional
conduit pieces. Further, the aforementioned devices consist of
numerous parts which may become misplaced or lost. Additionally,
several of the devices may not be used in certain types of
installations, such as explosion proof installations as defined by
the various electrical codes.
[0014] Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide an electrical
conduit piece and/or conduit system which reduces or eliminates at
least some of the limitations associated with conventional
electrical conduit systems and in addition, being acceptable for
the strictest levels of the electrical code.
[0015] Also, Underwriters Laboratories.RTM. has investigated the
elbow and nipple embodiments of the invention for rigid galvanized
and aluminum conduit under UL-6 and accepted the design as
conforming with the standard. A reference letter is included.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] A conduit system of the invention comprises a plurality of
conduit pieces, at least one of the conduit pieces comprising a
first conduit piece having a first end with a first threaded region
and a second end with a second threaded region. A coupling of the
invention is configured to engage at least one end of the first
conduit piece and one end of an adjacent conduit piece. The
coupling comprises a first threaded portion and a second threaded
portion, with a groove region located therebetween and with the
first threaded portion of the coupling being of different thread
direction than the second threaded portion, the recess being
necessary for the pieces to abut while maintaining sufficient
thread engagement for conduit fittings. The locking ring of the
invention comprises an open ended ring with spring like
characteristics and coarse internal threads, which, when seated in
the internal grooved section of the coupling lie perpendicular to
the threaded portion of the coupling and conduit piece. The locking
ring is unattached to the coupling and remains in place by spring
tension.
[0017] Another conduit system of the invention comprises a
plurality of first conduit pieces, each having a first end with a
first threaded region and a second end with a second threaded
region. The first and second threaded regions have substantially
the same first thread direction. At least one second conduit piece
is provided having a first end with a first threaded region and a
second end with a second threaded region, with the first and second
threaded regions of the second conduit piece each having
substantially the same second thread direction and with the second
thread direction being different than the first thread direction.
At least one coupling is provided and comprises a first threaded
portion and a second threaded portion, with the first threaded
portion having a different thread direction than the second
threaded portion, with the first threaded portion of the coupling
configured to reversibly engage the first threaded region on the
first conduit piece, and with the second threaded portion of the
coupling configured to reversibly engage the second threaded region
on the second conduit piece to reversibly couple the first conduit
piece with the second conduit piece. As the first threads of the
two conduit pieces enter the internal grooved area, the coarse
threads of the locking ring score the threads of the two conduit
pieces at 90.degree. until the rotation of the coupling part forces
the ends of the two conduit pieces to abut.
[0018] A further conduit system is provided comprising a plurality
of first conduit pieces having a first end and a second end, with
first externally threaded regions located at each end, and with
each first threaded region comprising right hand threads. A
plurality of second conduit pieces is provided, each having a first
end and a second end, with second, externally threaded regions
located at each end, each second threaded region comprising left
hand threads. A coupling is located between adjacent first and
second conduit pieces and is configured to reversibly engage one
end of the first conduit piece with one end of the adjacent second
conduit piece, the coupling comprising a first, internally
threaded, right hand thread portion configured to engage an end of
a first conduit piece and a second, internally threaded, left hand
thread portion configured to engage an end of a second conduit
piece. The coupling has an internal groove region positioned such
that when the coupled ends of the first and second conduit piece
are inserted into the coupling, the inserted ends of the conduit
pieces abut in the internal groove region. As the first threads of
the two conduit pieces enter the internal grooved area, the coarse
threads of the locking ring score the threads of the two conduit
pieces at 90.degree. until the rotation of the coupling part forces
the ends of the two conduit pieces to abut.
[0019] An additional conduit system is provided
[0020] A method of forming a conduit system of the invention
comprises the steps of providing a plurality of first conduit
pieces, each first conduit piece having a first end with a first
threaded region and a second end with a second threaded region,
with the first and second threaded regions having the same first
thread direction; providing at least one second conduit piece
having a first end with a first threaded region and a second end
with a second threaded region, with the first and second threaded
regions of the second conduit piece being of the same second thread
direction, and with the second thread direction being different
from the first thread direction; providing a coupling having a
first threaded portion and a second threaded portion, with the
thread direction of the first and second threaded portions being
different from each other; engaging the first threaded portion of
the coupling with a first threaded region on a first end of a first
coupling piece; engaging the second threaded portion of the
coupling with a second threaded region on a second end of the
second coupling piece; and rotating the coupling in a first
direction to thread the first end of the first coupling piece and
second end of the second coupling piece into the coupling until the
coupled ends of the conduit pieces abut. As the first threads of
the two conduit pieces enter the internal grooved area, the coarse
threads of the locking ring score the threads of the two conduit
pieces at 90.degree. until the rotation of the coupling part forces
the ends of the two conduit pieces to abut.
[0021] A method of retrofitting a conduit system having a plurality
of first conduit pieces with opposed ends and threaded regions of
the same thread direction located on each end is provided. The
first conduit pieces are coupled by first couplings having opposed
ends with threaded portions of the same thread direction as the
threaded regions of the first conduit pieces. The method comprises
the steps of removing at least one first conduit piece and at least
one of the first couplings; replacing the removed first conduit
piece with a second conduit piece having a first end and a second
end, the first end having a first threaded region of the same
direction as the first conduit piece and the second end having a
second threaded region of different thread direction than the first
threaded region; replacing the removed first coupling with a second
coupling, the second coupling comprising a first threaded portion
having the same thread direction as the first threaded region of
the second conduit piece and a second threaded portion of the same
thread direction as the second threaded region of the second
conduit piece; engaging the second threaded portion of the coupling
with the second end of the second conduit piece; engaging the first
threaded portion with an end of an adjacent first conduit piece;
and rotating the second coupling to engage the second end of the
second conduit piece with the adjacent end of a first conduit piece
until the coupled ends of the first and second conduit pieces
substantially abut. As the first threads of the two conduit pieces
enter the internal grooved area, the coarse threads of the locking
ring score the threads of the two conduit pieces at 90.degree.
until the rotation of the coupling part forces the ends of the two
conduit pieces to abut.
[0022] An electrical conduit piece of the invention has threaded
regions, particularly external, left hand, tapered or straight
threaded regions at each end. This conduit piece is particularly
well adapted to be used in conventional conduit systems by coupling
to conventional conduit pieces through a coupling of the invention
having two internal threaded regions, one threaded region having
left hand threads and the other threaded region having right hand
threads. A groove may be formed in the internal wall of the
coupling, e.g., at or near its longitudinal center to provide an
open groove region in which ends of conduit pieces inserted into
the coupling can abut. A locking ring is provided in the invention
to prevent either one of the conduit ends from becoming unthreaded
should tangential force be applied to rotate one of the conduit
pieces at some point outside the system through improper
installation. In a preferred embodiment, the conduit piece is
embodied as a curved or elbow conduit.
[0023] A further embodiment of the invention comprises a conduit
piece having external, right hand threads at one end and external,
left hand threads at the other end. The conduit pieces and coupling
of the invention can be used in constructing new electrical conduit
systems or in retrofitting existing conduit systems.
[0024] A complete understanding of the invention will be obtained
from the following description when taken in connection with the
accompanying drawing figures wherein like reference characters
identify like parts throughout.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a conduit piece (not to scale) of
the invention;
[0026] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal, sectional view (not to scale) of a
coupling of the invention;
[0027] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the conduit piece (not to scale) of
FIG. 1 connected by the coupling of FIG. 2 to a conventional
conduit section;
[0028] FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrical conduit system
(not to scale) utilizing a conduit piece and couplings of the
invention;
[0029] FIG. 5 is a plan view of an alternative conduit piece (not
to scale) of the invention; and
[0030] FIG. 6 is a side, sectional view of the upper part of a
coupling of the invention (not to scale) showing an exemplary
thread profile.
[0031] FIG. 7 is a plan view of the locking ring (not to scale)
prior to being formed.
[0032] FIG. 8 is plan view of the locking ring (not to scale) after
being formed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS For purposes of the
description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right",
"left", and similar special terms shall relate to the invention as
it is oriented in the drawing figures. However, it is to be
understood that the invention may assume various alternative
orientations and step sequences, unless expressly stated to the
contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific dimensions
illustrated in the attached drawings and described in the following
specification are simply exemplary embodiments of the invention and
are not to be considered as limiting.
[0033] A conduit piece of the invention is generally designated 10
in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the conduit piece 10 is
formed of a hollow, substantially cylindrical body 12 made of rigid
material, such as PVC or metals such as stainless steel, galvanized
carbon steel or aluminum, or similar materials. The conduit piece
10 has a first end 14 and a second end 16. A first threaded region
18 is formed on the outer surface of the conduit piece 10 at or
near the first end 14 and a second externally threaded region 20 is
formed at or near the second end 16 of the conduit piece 10. In the
preferred embodiment of the invention, the threaded regions 18 and
20 are both comprised of threads having the same thread direction,
e.g., left hand, tapered or straight threads. While the conduit
piece 10 in FIG. 1 is shown as a curved or elbow conduit, it is to
be understood that the conduit piece 10 is not limited to elbow
conduits but may be of any conventional electrical conduit
configuration, e.g., a straight conduit section. The conduit piece
10 is preferably of substantially the same dimensions as standard
conventional conduit pieces known in the art.
[0034] A hollow coupling of the invention is generally designated
24 in FIGS. 2-4. The coupling 24 is preferably substantially
cylindrical and may be made from the same materials as the conduit
piece 10. The coupling 24 has a first end 26 and a second end 28.
An internal recess 30, i.e., a region of larger internal diameter
than the central region of the coupling 24, is formed at or near
each end 26 and 28 of the coupling 24. The coupling 24 further
includes a first internally threaded portion or region 32 and a
second internally threaded portion or region 34. As shown in FIG.
2, a first tapered region 36 is located between the left recess 30
and the first threaded region 32 and a second tapered region 38 is
located between the right recess 30 and the second threaded region
34. The threaded regions 32 and 34 are preferably comprised of
tapered or straight threads of opposed thread directions, e.g., the
first threaded region 32 may be comprised of right hand threads and
the second threaded region 34 may be comprised of left hand
threads. The threaded regions 32 and 34 are preferably of
substantially the same length, which thread length preferably
substantially corresponds to the length of the threaded regions 18
and 20 on the conduit piece 10. Preferably each threaded region 32
and 34 is configured to provide nine full engagement threads so
that the system of the invention meets the requirements of
UL.RTM.-6 and qualifies as a class one conduit installation.
[0035] An internal circumferential groove 40 is formed in the
internal wall of the coupling 24 and is preferably located
approximately at or near the longitudinal center of the coupling
24. The groove 40 provides an open groove region in which the ends
of conduit pieces inserted into the coupling 24 can abut. For
example, FIG. 2 shows two conduit pieces A and B (in phantom)
engaged with the coupling 24. The inner end C of conduit piece A
abuts the inner end D of conduit piece B in the open area created
by the groove 40. This is required for a good ground for the
system.
[0036] A locking ring of the invention is generally designated 76
in FIGS. 7 and 8. The locking ring resides in the internal grooved
section 40, FIG. 2, and is held in place by spring tension. The
locking ring has coarse internal threads 77, which score the
threads at 90.degree. of any conduit piece upon its reaching
section 40 while still allowing the two conduit ends to abut. This,
coupled with the friction created by the abutment of the conduit
pieces, prevents any tangential force exerted upon either one or
the other conduit pieces from outside of the system from causing
that particular conduit piece to become unscrewed. Such an event
could be caused by improper installation of straight pieces to one
of the embodiments of the invention.
[0037] Use of the conduit piece 10 and coupling 24 of the invention
will now be described. FIG. 3 shows how the conduit piece 10 may be
coupled by couplings 24 to conventional conduit pieces or sections
42, e.g., straight conduit sections having opposed ends with
threaded regions at each end each threaded region being of the same
thread direction, e.g., conventional right hand threads. Looking at
the lower coupling 24 in FIG. 3, for example, the first end 26 of
the coupling 24 is slipped onto the outer end (first end) of the
lower conduit section 42 until the right hand threads on the
conduit section 42 contact, abut or initially engage the right hand
threads on the first threaded region 32 of the coupling 24. One
end, for example the second end 16, of the conduit piece 10 is then
inserted into the second end 28 of the coupling 24 until the left
hand threads on the second end 16 of the conduit piece 10 contact,
abut or initially engage the left hand threads on the second
threaded region 34 of the coupling 24. Next, the coupling 24 is
rotated or turned to simultaneously thread the second end of the
conduit piece 10 and first end of the conduit section 42 into the
coupling 24 until the inserted ends of the conduit piece 10 and
conduit section 42 abut in similar manner as the conduit pieces A
and B in FIG. 2. During this procedure, only the coupling 24, not
the conduit piece 10 or conduit section 42, rotates to reversibly
couple the conduit piece 10 and conduit section 42. As used herein,
the terms "reversibly couple" or "reversibly engage" mean that the
coupled conduit pieces can be uncoupled by rotating the coupling 24
in an opposite direction to that used to couple the pieces
together.
[0038] The recesses 30 permit a small amount of float or play in
case the respective ends of the conduit piece 10 and conduit
section 42 being coupled are not started at exactly the same thread
position in the opposed ends 26 and 28 of the coupling 24. The
first end 14 of the conduit piece 10 can be similarly connected to
the outer end of the upper conventional conduit section 42 by
another coupling 24 of the invention, with the second coupling
region 34 {left hand threads} of the upper coupling 24 engaging the
left hand threads on the first end 14 of the conduit piece 10 and
the first coupling region 32 (right hand threads) of the upper
coupling 24 engaging the right hand threads on the outer (first or
second) end of the upper conventional conduit section 42. Thus, the
elbow-shaped piece 10 does not itself have to be rotated to be
connected into an electrical conduit system utilizing standard
right hand threaded straight conduit sections 42. This is
particularly advantageous with larger elbow-shaped conduit pieces
10, which, in previously known systems, would have to be physically
rotated and supported, usually by a crew of workers. Additionally,
previously known elbow sections could only be placed in areas with
sufficient clearance to allow the elbow to be rotated. In the
present invention, only the coupling needs to be rotated, not the
elbow itself. This greatly reduces the manpower required for
coupling large, particularly elbow-shaped, conduit pieces or
sections which, in turn, lowers the cost of constructing a conduit
system.
[0039] An electrical conduit system utilizing conduit pieces 10 and
couplings 24 of the invention is designated 50 in FIG. 4. The
conduit system 50 extends from a junction box or breaker box 52 to
an outlet or breaker 54. In the conduit system 50 shown in FIG. 4,
conventional conduit sections 42 having right hand external
threaded regions may be used in 5he construction of the conduit
system 50. For example, the conduit system 50 may be initially
constructed as follows. A conventional nipple 56 can be connected
to the breaker box 52. A first conduit piece 10a of the invention
is then connected to the nipple 56 by a first coupling 24 in
similar manner as described above. A second conventional conduit
section 42b is then connected to the first conduit piece 10a by a
second coupling 24 and so on until the electrical conduit system 50
has been constructed. By alternating coupling conduit pieces 10 of
the invention and conventional conduit sections 42 by coupling
pieces 24 of the invention, the entire conduit system 50 may be
constructed without the need to rotate the conduit pieces 10 or
conduit sections 42 themselves. This greatly reduces the manpower
required for construction of the conduit system 50. Further, since
none of the conduit pieces 10 or sections 42 needs to be rotated,
the flexible member, e.g., wire or cable being encased, can be
pre-staged or threaded through the respective disassembled conduit
pieces 10 or sections 42 before assembly. This means that the cable
does not have to be pulled through the finally constructed system
and thus reduces the chances of damaging the cable. This is
particularly useful with respect to fiber optic cables.
[0040] Another advantage of the conduit system 50 over known
systems is that the intermediate portion of the conduit system 50
can be easily accessed to examine or repair specific parts of the
cable or to add additional conduit runs or branches without having
to disassemble the entire conduit system 50 from one end. For
example, a coupling 24 can be rotated to disassemble the end of one
of the conduit pieces 10 from the associated end of an adjacent
conduit section 42. All that is required is sufficient clearance of
about a thread length, i.e., the length of a threaded region 18 or
20, to allow the end of the selected conduit piece 10 to be
withdrawn from the coupling 24. The other end of the conduit piece
10 could then also be disassembled in a similar manner by simply
rotating the coupling 24 on the other end of the coupling piece
10.
[0041] Alternatively, the conduit piece 10 and couplings 24 of the
invention can be retrofitted into an existing electrical conduit
system. For example, the cable of the system can be pulled back
from one end through the region to be accessed. An existing conduit
section having right hand threaded ends can then be removed, such
as by cutting, and replaced with a conduit piece 10 and couplings
24 of the invention. This would be particularly useful in
retrofitting electrical conduit systems having elbow-shaped pieces
located in confined areas, such as within buildings or within the
walls of buildings, where portions of the building would normally
have to be destroyed to allow sufficient clearance to add or
replace an elbow section. This reduces the cost of replacing or
retrofitting existing conduit systems. Further, the present
invention is also well adapted for use in upgrading or reworking
existing electrical conduit systems, such as by adding branch
lines. For example, to-add a branch line to the conduit system 50
of FIG. 4, one or more of the conduit pieces 10 can be removed as
described above and replaced with a conventional junction or branch
line. Additionally, since the conduit piece 10 and coupling 24 of
the invention can be used with existing conventional right hand
threaded conduit sections, the existing inventory of conventional
conduit sections can still be used.
[0042] An alternative embodiment of a coupling piece of the
invention is designated 60 in FIG. 5. The coupling piece 60 is
configured as a straight conduit piece having a first end 62 with
an external, first threaded region 64 and a second end 66 with an
external, second threaded region 68. However, in this embodiment,
the first threaded region 64 is comprised of left hand threads and
the second region 68 is comprised of right hand threads. The
coupling piece 60 is particularly well adapted to be placed in the
straight section of a conduit run at a position the builder may
later wish to access, for example to place a junction box or branch
line. The second end 66 of the conduit piece 60 with right hand
threads may be conventionally connected to a conventional conduit
section with a conventional coupling. However, the first end 62 of
the conduit piece 60 can be attached by a coupling 24 of the
invention with an adjacent conventional conduit section. This
section of the conduit run can be later accessed simply by
uncoupling the coupling 24, i.e., rotating the coupling to
disengage the first end 62 from the adjacent conduit section and
then removing the conduit piece 60 from the conventional coupling
by rotating the conduit piece 60.
[0043] Another particularly well-adapted use of the coupling piece
10 and couplings 24 of the invention is in electrical conduit
systems for bridge decks encasing fiber optic cables. Presently,
the bridge deck conduit sections for fiber optic cables are
connected by a complex, right hand threaded coupling. However,
these conventional bridge deck couplings can typically be removed
by hand or with nothing more than a screwdriver, allowing
unauthorized access to the fiber optic or communication cables
running through the bridge deck electrical conduit system. This
provides little or no protection against vandalism of the cables.
However, the present invention can improve this protection. By
constructing a bridge deck electrical conduit system utilizing the
conduit piece 10 and couplings 24 of the invention but which does
not allow sufficient Clearance to uncouple the end of a conduit
piece 10 from an adjacent coupling 24, the bridge deck conduit
system cannot be accessed.
[0044] It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art
that modifications may be made to the invention without departing
from the concepts disclosed in the foregoing description. Such
modifications are to be considered as included within the scope of
the invention. Accordingly, the particular embodiments described in
detail herein are illustrative only and are not limiting to the
scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of
the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.
* * * * *