U.S. patent application number 09/861845 was filed with the patent office on 2002-12-05 for bat with maraging steel shell.
Invention is credited to Higginbotham, Brian E..
Application Number | 20020183142 09/861845 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25336917 |
Filed Date | 2002-12-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020183142 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Higginbotham, Brian E. |
December 5, 2002 |
Bat with maraging steel shell
Abstract
A bat includes a bat frame and an outer sleeve. The bat frame
has a barrel portion, a tapered transition portion, and a handle
portion. The bat frame is preferably constructed of aluminum
material. The outer sleeve is constructed of a maraging steel
material and is received over the barrel portion of the frame. The
outer sleeve preferably includes a tapered proximal end which is
received in a nesting engagement with the tapered transition
portion of the bat frame.
Inventors: |
Higginbotham, Brian E.;
(Tullahoma, TN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Lucian Wayne Beavers
Waddey & Patterson
Bank of America Plaza
414 Union Street, Suite 2020
Nashville
TN
37219
US
|
Family ID: |
25336917 |
Appl. No.: |
09/861845 |
Filed: |
May 21, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/564 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 15/012 20130101;
A63B 59/51 20151001; A63B 59/50 20151001; A63B 2102/18 20151001;
A63B 2209/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
473/564 |
International
Class: |
A63B 059/00 |
Claims
1. A bat, comprising: a frame having a barrel portion, a tapered
transition portion, and a handle portion; and an outer sleeve
received over the barrel portion of the frame, the sleeve being
constructed of a maraging steel.
2. The bat of claim 1, wherein the maraging steel outer sleeve is
formed by a flowforming process.
3. The bat of claim 1, wherein the maraging steel is selected from
the group of alloys consisting of C-350 Maraging Steel, C-300
Maraging Steel, C-250 Maraging Steel, T-200 Maraging Steel, and
T-250 Maraging Steel.
4. The bat of claim 1, wherein the maraging steel outer sleeve has
a wall thickness in the range of from about 0.025" to about
0.045".
5. The bat of claim 4, wherein the bat frame is constructed of an
aluminum material, and the barrel portion of the bat frame has a
wall thickness in the range of from about 0.040" to about
0.060".
6. The bat of claim 1, further comprising a protective corrosion
resistant coating on the exterior of the maraging steel outer
shell.
7. The bat of claim 6, wherein the protective corrosion resistant
coating comprises acrylic powder coating.
8. The bat of claim 6, wherein the maraging steel out shell has
been treated to improve the corrosion resistance of the shell.
9. The bat of claim 1, wherein: the maraging steel outer shell
includes a tapered end that nests about a part of the tapered
portion of the frame.
10. The bat of claim 1, further comprising: an adhesive between the
bat frame and the maraging steel outer shell.
11. The bat of claim 10, wherein: the adhesive is a two-part
urethane adhesive.
12. The bat of claim 1, further comprising: an annular end cap
having a first annular lip engaging a distal end of the bat frame,
and having a second annular lip engaging a distal end of the
maraging steel outer shell.
13. A bat, comprising: a barrel portion, a handle portion, and a
tapered transition portion between the barrel portion and the
handle portion; and wherein the barrel portion includes a hitting
surface including a maraging steel material.
14. The bat of claim 13, wherein: the maraging steel material is an
alloy selected from the group of alloys consisting of C-350, C-300,
C-250, T-250 and T-200 Maraging Steels.
15. A method of constructing a bat, comprising: (a) providing a bat
frame having a barrel portion, a tapered transition portion, and a
handle portion; (b) providing an outer shell including a maraging
steel material; (c) securely attaching the outer shell to the bat
frame so that the outer shell extends over at least a majority of
the barrel portion of the bat frame.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein: in step (b), the outer shell
includes a tapered proximal end; and further comprising the step
between steps (b) and (c), of sliding a distal end of the outer
shell over the handle portion of the bat frame and engaging the
tapered proximal end of the outer shell in a nesting engagement
with the tapered transition portion of the bat frame.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: pressing the outer
shell into said nesting engagement by means of a mechanical
press.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pressing step comprises:
locking the outer shell into a mold; and pushing the bat frame
through the outer shell and into said nesting engagement, said
pushing being accomplished by mechanical means.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: applying a
corrosion resistant coating over the outer shell.
20. The method of claim 15, further comprising: treating the outer
shell by to make the outer shell more corrosion resistant.
21. The method of claim 15, wherein: the bat frame is constructed
of an aluminum material, the barrel portion of which has a wall
thickness in the range of from about 0.040" to about 0.060" inch;
and the maraging steel outer shell has a wall thickness in the
range from about 0.025" to about 0.045".
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the construction
of bats for baseball and softball, and more particularly, but not
by way of limitation, to such a bat with a two-piece construction
including an aluminum bat frame and an outer shell constructed of a
maraging steel material for improved bat performance.
[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0004] Over the years, the technology for construction of high
performance bats for baseball and softball has advanced from the
original solid wooden bat, to a tubular aluminum bat, and
subsequently to various composite bats, and to bats having an outer
shell over the barrel of a bat frame in order to combine the
durability and performance characteristics of hard, high strength
materials, with the desired flexibility in the bat frame and
lightweight provided by materials such as aluminum.
[0005] One such example of such a bat having a bat frame with an
outer shell is that found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,053,828 and
6,159,116, assigned to the Assignee of the present invention, the
details of which are incorporated herein by reference. The
aforementioned patents disclose a bat having an aluminum outer
shell received about an aluminum bat frame.
[0006] Another example of a high performance bat having an outer
shell of a different material than the bat frame is the bat
currently marketed by Worth, Inc., the Assignee of the present
invention, as its PST.TM. bat, which utilizes an aluminum bat frame
and an outer shell constructed from a powder metallurgy technology,
the outer shell including a titanium material.
[0007] Previous bats having titanium outer shells on an aluminum
bat frame are found in Japanese Patent No. 5-57042 to Susumu.
[0008] Bats including titanium outer shells are also disclosed in
Abkowitz, U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,429.
[0009] Thus, it is seen that there is a continuing demand in the
industry for advanced technology high performance bat
constructions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention provides a bat having a frame and an
outer sleeve. The frame has a barrel portion, a tapered transition
portion and a handle portion. The outer sleeve is received over the
barrel portion of the frame, and is constructed of a maraging steel
material.
[0011] The outer sleeve preferably has a tapered proximal end which
is received over and is in nesting engagement with the tapered
portion of the bat frame. An adhesive material is provided between
the bat frame and the outer sleeve, and a mechanical press is
preferably used to press the bat frame and outer sleeve into
engagement to form a permanent attachment therebetween.
[0012] Preferred dimensional ranges are provided for the aluminum
bat frame and the maraging steel outer shell.
[0013] Preferred protective corrosion-resistant coatings and
processes are disclosed for the maraging steel outer shell.
[0014] The maraging steel outer shell is preferably constructed
from a maraging steel alloy selected from the group of alloys
consisting of T-200 Maraging Steel, T-250 Maraging steel, C-250
Maraging Steel, C-300 Maraging Steel or C-350 Maraging Steel.
[0015] Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to
provide an improved bat construction.
[0016] Another object of the present invention is the provision of
a bat structure including a maraging steel hitting surface.
[0017] Still another object of the present invention is the
provision of a bat construction having an aluminum bat frame and a
maraging steel outer shell attached to the bat frame.
[0018] And another object of the present invention is the provision
of improved methods for construction of a bat having a maraging
steel hitting surface.
[0019] Another object of the present invention is the provision of
suitable protective coatings and material treatment processes for
reducing corrosion of the maraging steel outer shell.
[0020] Still another object of the present invention is the
provision of an improved construction for a high performance ball
bat.
[0021] Other and further objects, features and advantages of the
present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the
art upon a reading of the following disclosure when taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] FIG. 1 is a side view of a bat constructed in accordance
with the present invention.
[0023] FIG. 2 is a sectioned side view of the bat of FIG. 1.
[0024] FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic illustration of the manner in
which the bat of FIG. 1 is assembled.
[0025] FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectioned side view of the left hand
end of the bat of FIG. 2.
[0026] FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectioned view of the outer shell of
the bat.
[0027] FIG. 6 is a still further enlarged view of the right hand
end of the bat shell of FIG. 5.
[0028] FIG. 7 is a still further enlarged sectioned view of an
intermediate portion of the bat of FIG. 2 showing the nesting
relationship between the proximal end of the outer shell and a part
of the tapered transition portion of the bat frame.
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates the preferred dimensions of one example
of the bat frame and outer sleeve, when viewed in conjunction with
Tables II and III set forth below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0030] Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1,
the bat of the present invention is shown and generally designated
by the numeral 10.
[0031] The bat 10 includes a bat frame 12, an outer sleeve 14, and
an end plug 16.
[0032] As best seen in FIG. 2, the bat frame 12 includes a barrel
portion 18, a tapered transition portion 20, and a handle portion
22.
[0033] The bat 10 is assembled in the manner schematically
illustrated in FIG. 3.
[0034] The shell 14 having a straight open distal end 24 and a
conically tapered proximal end 26 is provided. As further described
below, the shell 14 is constructed of a maraging steel
material.
[0035] The bat frame 14 is constructed in a conventional manner by
forming the same from a cylindrical tube of aluminum material An
adhesive material, preferably a two part polyurethane liquid
adhesive, will be placed on either the inner surface of the shell
14, or the outer surface of the barrel 18 and part of the tapered
section 20 of frame 12 in the zone indicated by 28, or both, and
then the shell 14 will slide over the handle portion 22 of bat
frame 12 and into nesting engagement with the bat frame 12 as seen
in FIGS. 2 and 7.
[0036] Preferably, this assembly step will be accomplished by
locking the outer shell 14 into a mold (not shown) and then pushing
the bat frame 12 through the outer shell and into nesting
engagement with the outer shell, said pushing being accomplished by
mechanical means, such as a hydraulic piston (not shown). This can
be described as pressing the outer shell 14 into nesting engagement
with the bat frame 20 by means of a mechanical press (not
shown).
[0037] The combination of the adhesive and the use of a hydraulic
press to assemble the bat frame 12 and outer shell 14 make it
virtually impossible to remove the shell 14 from the bat frame
12.
[0038] After this assembly, the end plug 16 is snapped into place
as shown in FIG. 4, and a knob 30 is welded onto the handle portion
22 of bat frame 12. End plug 16 has two first annular lip 31
engaging the distal end 33 of frame 12, and second annular lip 35
engaging distal end 24 of shell 14.
[0039] Then, various finishing steps may be applied to improve the
cosmetic and performance characteristics of the bat.
[0040] Particularly, when using a maraging steel outer shell, it is
important to provide either protective coatings or protective
treatments to provide corrosion resistance of the maraging steel
outer shell 14.
[0041] Suitable protective coatings to provide corrosion resistance
of the maraging steel outer shell 14 include poly urethane, epoxy,
acrylic paint, electro static acrylic powder coating or other
barrier films.
[0042] Suitable protective treatments to improve the corrosion
resistance of the maraging steel outer shell include
electro-plating and electrochemical techniques (cathode
protection).
The Maraging Steel Outer Shell
[0043] The preferred material for the construction of the outer
shell 14 is a maraging steel. Maraging steels are a specific group
of high nickel (i.e. greater than 10% nickel), low carbon
martensitic steels which can be fabricated while in a comparatively
ductile martensitic condition and later strengthened by aging
treatment.
[0044] The following description of the general category of
maraging steels is taken from the background section of U.S. Pat.
No. 6,136,102, the details of which are incorporated herein by
reference:
[0045] "Maraging steels are self-tempering steels which can acquire
a soft martensitic structure by cooling in air, which structure can
be appreciably hardened by a thermal aging treatment which gives
rise to formation of intermetallic precipitates. In essence, these
steels contain:
[0046] 10-30 wt. % nickel, which enables one to obtain a
martensitic structure by cooling in air;
[0047] a low carbon content which enables one to obtain a soft
martensite; and
[0048] additional elements which enable hardening by formation of
intermetallic precipitates, said elements being namely titanium,
aluminum, and molybdenum, as well as cobalt, where the presence of
the cobalt enhances the effects of the other added elements.
[0049] One may also add niobium, to fix the carbon and thereby
soften the un-aged martensitic structure.
[0050] These steels were devised in the face of the problem of
simultaneously obtaining a very high limit of elasticity and good
ductility. Initially, good ductility was obtained by simultaneous
addition of cobalt and molybdenum.
[0051] However, cobalt as an alloying element is costly and not
available from a reliable source of supply. In order to avoid the
constraints imposed by cobalt, maraging steels without cobalt were
developed which contain:
[0052] Ni 17-26 wt. %, Mo 0.2-4 wt. %, Ti 1-2.5 wt. %,
[0053] A1<1 wt. %, and optionally some Nb,
[0054] with the remainder being Fe and impurities resulting from
the processing. Such steels are described, e.g., in Brit. Pat.
1,355,475 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,443,254; both incorporated herein by
reference. They enable one to obtain a high tensile strength (on
the order of 1800 MPa) and satisfactory ductility, in a metal which
is homogenized at elevated temperature followed by cooling and
aging."
[0055] One preferred manner of forming the maraging steel outer
shell is the use of flow forming processes, such as those available
from Dynamic Machine Works, Inc. of Billerica, Mass. Particular
materials available from Dynamic Machine Works, Inc. which are
suitable for use in the present invention are their T-350 Maraging
Steel (aged 900.degree. F.), C-300 Maraging Steel (aged 900.degree.
F.), and their C-350 Maraging Steel (aged 900.degree. F.). The
material properties of these three particular maraging steel alloys
available from Dynamic Machine Works, Inc. after flow forming are
set forth in the following Table I.
1TABLE I .2% Wall Yield, Material Reduction KSI UTS, KSI Elongation
T-250 Maraging Steel 75% 286.00 292.00 5.00 (aged 900 F.) C-300
Maraging Steel 55% 295.00 306.00 7.50 (aged 900 F.) C-350 Maraging
Steel 71% 382.46 388.86 2.10 (aged 900 F.)
[0056] Flow forming is a process wherein a tubular article is
formed by the application of both axial and radial forces through a
series of rollers controlled by a computer. A cylindrical maraging
steel starter tube is formed by plastic deformation into the
desired final shape of the outer shell 14 by rotating the starter
tube while engaging it with the rollers which cause the maraging
steel material to be flow formed into the desired final shape.
[0057] In general, the maraging steel materials used to construct
the outer shell 14 may be selected from the group of maraging steel
alloys consisting of the following: T-200, T-250, C-250, C-300 and
C-350.
EXAMPLE
[0058] One embodiment of the bat of the present invention utilizes
a bat frame 12 and outer shell 14 having the dimensions as set
forth in FIG. 8.
[0059] In general, the maraging steel outer shell 14 preferably has
a wall thickness in the range of from about 0.025" to about 0.045",
whereas the bat frame 12 constructed of aluminum material has a
wall thickness in the range of from about 0.040" to about
0.060".
[0060] The aluminum material from which the bat frame 12 is
constructed may be of any of the following aluminum materials or
alloys: 7050, 7055, C555, 7049, 7149, 7046, PA95, PA100, CU31, or
C405.
[0061] It is also within the contemplation of the present invention
to construct a one piece bat, that is a bat without an outer shell,
wherein the bat itself is constructed of a maraging steel
material.
[0062] Thus, it is seen that the apparatus and methods of the
present invention readily achieve the ends and advantages mentioned
as well as those inherent therein. While certain preferred
embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described
for purposes of the present disclosure, numerous changes in the
arrangement and construction of parts and steps may be made by
those skilled in the art, which changes are encompassed within the
scope and spirit of the present invention as defined by the
appended claims.
* * * * *