U.S. patent application number 09/996508 was filed with the patent office on 2002-11-07 for anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions containing solid, encapsulated, d-pantothenate salts.
This patent application is currently assigned to The Procter & Gamble Company. Invention is credited to Cassiere, Kelly Lynn, Scavone, Timothy Alan, Schlagheck, Benjamin Scott.
Application Number | 20020164295 09/996508 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25175716 |
Filed Date | 2002-11-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020164295 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Scavone, Timothy Alan ; et
al. |
November 7, 2002 |
ANHYDROUS ANTIPERSPIRANT AND DEODORANT COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING
SOLID, ENCAPSULATED, D-PANTOTHENATE SALTS
Abstract
Disclosed are anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant
compositions comprising from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of
an underarm active (antiperspirant and/or deodorant active); from
about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of a solid, encapsulated,
water-soluble, d-pantothenate salt such as calcium pantothenate;
from about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of a suspending agent; and
from about 10% to about 99% by weight of an anhydrous carrier
liquid. Also disclosed are methods of controlling perspiration
wetness and/or odor through the topical application to the
underarm, especially shaven underarms, of an underarm active and a
solid pantothenate salt. The anhydrous compositions are mild to the
skin and can help sooth or heal skin irritated or damaged underarm
skin, especially when such irritation and damage is the result of
occasional or routine shaving of the underarm.
Inventors: |
Scavone, Timothy Alan;
(Loveland, OH) ; Schlagheck, Benjamin Scott;
(Mason, OH) ; Cassiere, Kelly Lynn; (Reading,
OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION
WINTON HILL TECHNICAL CENTER - BOX 161
6110 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Assignee: |
The Procter & Gamble
Company
|
Family ID: |
25175716 |
Appl. No.: |
09/996508 |
Filed: |
November 28, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09996508 |
Nov 28, 2001 |
|
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|
09799367 |
Mar 5, 2001 |
|
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6403071 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/65 ; 424/400;
424/401; 424/66; 424/67; 424/68 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/673 20130101;
A61K 8/26 20130101; A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 8/11 20130101; A61K
8/28 20130101; A61K 8/42 20130101; A61K 2800/412 20130101; A61K
2800/31 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/65 ; 424/66;
424/67; 424/68; 424/400; 424/401 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/32; A61K
007/34; A61K 007/36; A61K 007/38; A61K 007/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions comprising:
(a) from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of an underarm active;
(b) from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of a solid,
encapsulated, water-soluble, d-pantothenate salt; (c) from about
0.1% to about 40% by weight of a suspending agent; and (d) from
about 10% to about 99% by weight of an anhydrous carrier
liquid.
2. An anhydrous composition according to claim 1, wherein the
d-pantothenate salt is selected from the group consisting of
calcium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, zinc
salts, and combinations thereof.
3. An anhydrous composition according to claim 1, wherein the
d-pantothenate salt is calcium pantothenate.
4. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
d-pantothenate salt represents from about 0.1% to about 5%, by
weight of the composition.
5. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
composition contains less than 1% by weight of free or added
water.
6. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
underarm active comprises a solid antiperspirant active selected
from the group consisting of zirconium-containing active,
aluminum-containing active, and combinations thereof, and wherein
the solid antiperspirant active represents from about 5% to about
30% by weight of the anhydrous composition.
7. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
underarm active comprises an antimicrobial deodorant active, and
wherein the antimicrobial deodorant active represents from about
0.1% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
8. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
antimicrobial active is selected from the group consisting of
triclosan, triclocarban, and combinations thereof.
9. An anhydrous composition according to claim 2, wherein the
anhydrous carrier comprises a volatile cyclomethicone that
represents from about 5% to about 80% by weight of the
composition.
10. An anhydrous composition according to claim 9, wherein the
anhydrous carrier further comprises a non-volatile silicone liquid
that represents from about 1% to about 35% by weight of the
composition.
11. An anhydrous antiperspirant composition according to claim 2,
wherein the average particle diameter of the d-pantothenate salt
particulates is from about 3 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m.
12. An anhydrous antiperspirant composition according to claim 2,
wherein the average particle diameter of the d-pantothenate salt
particulates is from about 5 .mu.m to about 40 .mu.m.
13. An anhydrous antiperspirant composition according to claim 2,
wherein the pantothenate salt is starch encapsulated.
14. A method of controlling underarm perspiration wetness or odor,
said method comprising the topical application to the underarm of
from about 0.1 grams to about 20 grams per underarm of a
composition according to claim 2.
15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the composition is
applied to a shaven underarm.
16. A method of making anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant
compositions, said method comprising the steps of (a) preparing an
intermediate composition by mixing together the following
components: (i) from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of a solid,
antiperspirant or deodorant active; (ii) from about 0.01% to about
20% by weight of a solid, encapsulated, pantothenate salt; (iii)
from about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of a suspending agent; and
(iv) from about 10% to about 99% by weight of an anhydrous carrier
liquid that is substantially free of nonvolatile organic liquids
having a C log P value greater than about 7.0; (b) heating the
intermediated composition to form a liquid intermediate composition
containing solid antiperspirant active and solid, water-soluble,
skin active agent, and solid aggregates thereof; (c) milling the
liquid intermediate composition for a period of time sufficient to
reduce the average particle diameter of the solid aggregates to
less than 50 .mu.m; and then (d) pouring the milled liquid
intermediate into a dispensing package and allowing the packaged
composition to cool to ambient temperatures, to form an anhydrous
antiperspirant and deodorant composition.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the solid d-pantothenate salt
is selected from the group consisting of calcium salts, sodium
salts, potassium salts, magnesium salts, zinc salts, and
combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the solid d-pantothenate salt
comprises calcium pantothenate, and wherein the calcium
pantothenate salt represents from about 0.1% to about 5%, by weight
of the composition.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pantothenate salt is starch
encapsulated.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein the anhydrous antiperspirant
and deodorant composition contains less than about 1% by weight of
free or added water.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the antiperspirant or deodorant
active is selected from the group consisting of aluminum
chlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex propylene glycol
complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum chlorohydrex
polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene
glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol
complex, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentatchlorohydrate,
aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
trichlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
tetrachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
pentachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
octachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum chloride, aluminum
sulfate buffered, and combinations thereof.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/799,367, filed Mar. 5, 2001.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention relates to anhydrous antiperspirant
and deodorant compositions that contain a solid, encapsulated,
d-pantothenate salt in an anhydrous matrix. The composition
provides skin health benefits such as improved wound healing and
reduced skin irritation.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Many different antiperspirant and deodorant products are
known for use in controlling or inhibiting underarm perspiration
wetness and odor. These products are available in a variety of
product forms such as solid sticks, soft solids or creams, roll-on
liquids and aerosol or non-aerosol sprays. Most of these products,
however, are similar in having a base formula that contains an
antiperspirant active such as an aluminum and or zirconium salt, a
suspending or thickening agent, and a suitable liquid carrier.
[0004] Antiperspirant and deodorant products can be formulated to
contain materials to help sooth or minimize irritation of the
underarm skin, especially in those consumers that shave their
underarms and apply antiperspirant and deodorant products to the
shaved area. The shaving process can irritate and damage the
underarm skin, and it is for that reason that antiperspirant and
deodorant products are occasionally formulated with materials such
as aloe, allantoin, and panthenoic acid and related materials, to
minimize or heal such skin irritation and skin damage. It is well
known that pantothenic acid and similar other materials can be used
as wound healing agents in a variety of personal care products,
including antiperspirant and deodorant products.
[0005] Pantothenic acid and related materials can be formulated
with an aqueous antiperspirant or deodorant active to provide wound
healing and skin soothing benefits to the applied area of the skin.
Examples of these skin soothing materials include pantothenic acid
and pantothenic derivatives and salts such as d-panthenol,
dl-panthenol, and pantothenate salts such as calcium pantothenate.
The pantothenate salts are especially useful in providing wound
healing and skin soothing benefits, even in combination with
antiperspirant and deodorant actives. These highly preferred
pantothenate salts are formulated into either an anhydrous or
aqueous antiperspirant product matrix, wherein the salts are
solubilized within the product matrix by water or other solvents.
The product matrix containing the solubilized salts is then applied
to the desired area of the skin so that the solubilized salts are
allowed to spread or flow over the applied surface, thus helping to
sooth or heal any irritated areas of the skin within the applied
area.
[0006] It has now been found that anhydrous antiperspirant and
deodorant products can be formulated with pantothenate salts as
solid dispersed particulates, and still provide a soothing and
healing effect on the underarm area of the skin, especially
underarm skin that has been irritated or damaged by shaving. It is
believed that the solid pantothenate salts are readily dissolved by
the sweat or other moisture on the underarm, thus allowing the
solids to dissolve after application. Once the product matrix is
applied to the underarm area, the solid pantothenate salts dissolve
in the sweat or other moisture on the skin and then flow or spread
onto the applied surface of the underarm, thus helping to sooth,
heal or mitigate any skin irritation or wounds associated with the
underarm, especially skin wounds or irritation caused by shaving
the underarm. It is also believed that by delaying dissolution of
the pantothenate salts until after product application, that these
solid particulates are then less likely than their dissolved
counterparts to interact with other materials in the product matrix
prior to application, including interaction with aluminum and
zirconium antiperspirant actives or deodorant actives in the
product matrix prior to application.
[0007] It has also been found that the pantothenate salts can be
reactive during processing and storage with the antiperspirant
active or other ingredients in the compositions. To minimize this
type of reaction, it has been found that the pantothenate salts can
be encapsulated or otherwise substantially isolated from the
antiperspirant active or other reactive ingredient with the
composition. Encapsulation or isolation can be accomplished by any
encapsulation material or method known for or otherwise suitable
for use with personal care products.
[0008] It therefore an object of the present invention to provide
new anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions that
contain materials to sooth or heal irritated underarm skin,
especially underarm skin that has been irritated or damaged by
shaving. It is a further object of the present invention to provide
such a composition that contains solid pantothenate salts,
especially solid calcium pantothenate salts, as dispersed
particulates in an anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant
matrix.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention is directed to anhydrous
antiperspirant and deodorant compositions that comprise from about
0.1% to about 30% by weight of an antiperspirant or deodorant
active; from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of a solid,
encapsulated, water-soluble, d-pantothenate salt; from about 0.1%
to about 40% by weight of a suspending agent; and from about 10% to
about 99% by weight of an anhydrous carrier liquid. The anhydrous
antiperspirant and deodorant compositions are mild to the skin and
provide skin soothing or healing benefits, especially when applied
to the underarm after shaving.
[0010] It has been found that the d-pantothenate salts can be
formulated as solid particulates in an anhydrous antiperspirant or
deodorant composition, and still provide excellent skin soothing
and healing benefits to the underarm. It is believed that the solid
d-pantothenate salts help to minimize ingredient incompatibilities
associated with the use of dissolved pantothenate salts in
antiperspirant and deodorant products.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention comprise as essential components an
antiperspirant or deodorant active, a solid d-pantothenate salt, a
suspending agent, and an anhydrous liquid carrier. Each of these
essential components of the present invention is described
hereinafter in more detail.
[0012] The term "anhydrous" as used herein means that the
antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of the present invention,
and the essential or optional components thereof, are substantially
free of added or free water. From a formulation standpoint, this
means that the anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions
of the present invention preferably contain less than about 5%,
more preferably less than about 3%, even more preferably less than
about 1%, most preferably zero percent, by weight of free or added
water, other than the water of hydration typically associated with
any particulate solids prior to formulation.
[0013] All melting point values referenced herein, unless otherwise
specified, are measured and determined according to well known
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) technique. Examples of DSC
technique for determining melting point values of various materials
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,514 (Letton et al.), which
description is incorporated herein by reference.
[0014] The term "ambient conditions" as used herein refers to
surrounding conditions under about one (1) atmosphere of pressure,
at about 50% relative humidity, and at about 25.degree. C., unless
otherwise specified. All values, amounts and measurements described
herein are obtained under ambient conditions unless otherwise
specified.
[0015] The term "volatile" as used herein refers to those materials
that have a measurable vapor pressure at 25.degree. C. Such vapor
pressures will typically range from about 0.01 mmHg to about 6
mmHg, more typically from about 0.02 mmHg to about 1.5 mmHg, and
have an average boiling point at one (1) atmosphere of pressure
(atm) of less than about 250.degree. C., more typically less than
about 235.degree. C. at one (1) atm. Conversely, the term "non
volatile" refers to those materials that are not "volatile" as
defined herein.
[0016] The term "skin temperature" as used herein refers to the
temperature of the axilla area of the skin, which is generally at
or slightly below a typical body temperature of about 37.degree.
C.
[0017] The term "water-soluble" as used herein refers to those
materials, including the water-soluble skin active agent as
described herein, that can be dissolved in deionized water at
37.degree. C. under otherwise ambient conditions to form an aqueous
solution containing at least 0.1% by weight of the dissolved
material, preferably at least about 0.5% by weight of the dissolved
material.
[0018] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention can comprise, consist of, or consist
essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the
invention described herein, as well as any additional or optional
ingredients, components, or limitations known or otherwise
effective for use in such compositions.
[0019] All percentages, parts and ratios are by weight of the total
composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they
pertain to listed ingredients are based on the specific ingredient
level and, therefore, do not include solvents, carriers,
by-products, filler or other minor ingredients that may be included
in commercially available materials, unless otherwise
specified.
[0020] Antiperspirant Active
[0021] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention comprise an underarm active suitable for
application to human skin. The concentration of the underarm
active, which can be either an antiperspirant and or deodorant
active, should be sufficient to provide the desired perspiration
wetness or odor control from the anhydrous formulation
selected.
[0022] The anhydrous antiperspirant embodiments of the present
invention preferably comprise antiperspirant active at
concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 30%, more
preferably from about 5% to about 30%, by weight of the
composition. These weight percentages are calculated on an
anhydrous metal salt basis exclusive of water and any complexing
agents such as glycine, glycine salts, or other complexing agents.
The antiperspirant active can be solubilized or solid, preferably
as dispersed solid particulates. The antiperspirant active as
formulated in the composition is preferably in the form of
dispersed particulate solids having a preferred average particle
size or diameter of less than about 100 .mu.m, preferably from
about 1 .mu.m to about 40 .mu.m.
[0023] The antiperspirant active for use in the anhydrous
antiperspirant embodiments of the present invention include any
compound, composition or other material having antiperspirant
activity. Preferred antiperspirant actives include astringent
metallic salts, especially inorganic and organic salts of aluminum,
zirconium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly
preferred are aluminum-containing and/or zirconium-containing salts
or materials, such as aluminum halides, aluminum chlorohydrate,
aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl oxyhalides, zirconyl
hydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof.
[0024] Preferred aluminum salts for use in the anhydrous
antiperspirant embodiments of the present invention include those
which conform to the formula:
Al.sub.2(OH).sub.aCl.sub.b.xH.sub.2O
[0025] wherein a is from about 2 to about 5; the sum of a and b is
about 6; x is from about 1 to about 6; and wherein a, b, and x may
have non-integer values. Particularly preferred are the aluminum
chlorohydroxides referred to as "5/6 basic chlorohydroxide",
wherein a=5, and "2/3 basic chlorohydroxide", wherein a=4.
Processes for preparing aluminum salts are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,887,692, Gilman, issued Jun. 3, 1975; U.S. Pat. No.
3,904,741, Jones et al., issued Sep. 9, 1975; U.S. Pat. No.
4,359,456, Gosling et al., issued Nov. 16, 1982; and British Patent
Specification 2,048,229, Fitzgerald et al., published Dec. 10,
1980, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Mixtures
of aluminum salts are described in British Patent Specification
1,347,950, Shin et al., published Feb. 27, 1974, which description
is also incorporated herein by reference.
[0026] Preferred zirconium salts for use in the anhydrous
antiperspirant embodiments of the present invention include those
which conform to the formula:
ZrO(OH).sub.2-aCl.sub.a.xH.sub.2O
[0027] wherein a is from about 1.5 to about 1.87; x is from about 1
to about 7; and wherein a and x may both have non-integer values.
These zirconium salts are described in Belgian Patent 825,146,
Schmitz, issued Aug. 4, 1975, which description is incorporated
herein by reference. Particularly preferred zirconium salts are
those complexes which additionally contain aluminum and glycine,
commonly known as ZAG complexes. These ZAG complexes contain
aluminum chlorohydroxide and zirconyl hydroxy chloride conforming
to the above described formulas. Such ZAG complexes are described
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,679,068, Luedders et al., issued Feb. 12, 1974;
Great Britain Patent Application 2,144,992, Callaghan et al.,
published Mar. 20, 1985; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,120,948, Shelton,
issued Oct. 17, 1978, all of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0028] Antiperspirant actives suitable for use in the compositions
include aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrate, aluminum chlorohydrex propylene glycol
complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum
sesquichlorohydrex propylene glycol complex, aluminum chlorohydrex
polyethylene glycol complex, aluminum dichlorohydrex polyethylene
glycol complex, aluminum sesquichlorohydrex polyethylene glycol
complex, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentatchlorohydrate,
aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium
trichlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
tetrachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
pentachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum zirconium
octachlorohydrex glycine complex, aluminum chloride, aluminum
sulfate buffered, and combinations thereof.
[0029] Antimicrobial Deodorant Active
[0030] The antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of the present
invention can also be formulated with an underarm active in the
form of an antimicrobial deodorant material in addition to or in
place of the antiperspirant active. Deodorant active concentrations
in the compositions can range from about 0.1% to about 30%,
preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, even more preferably from
about 0.1% to about 3%, by weight of the composition. These
deodorant actives include any known or otherwise safe and effective
antimicrobial deodorant active suitable for topical application to
human skin, and which is effective in preventing or eliminating
malodor associated with perspiration.
[0031] Non-limiting examples of preferred antimicrobial deodorant
actives for use in the antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention include cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyl
pyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy
ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, sodium N-lauryl
sarcosine, sodium N-palmethyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine,
N-myristoyl glycine, potassium N-lauryl sarcosine, trimethyl
ammonium chloride, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxy lactate, triethyl
citrate, tricetylmethyl ammonium chloride,
2,4,4'-trichlorio-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan),
3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), diaminoalkyl amides
such as L-lysine hexadecyl amide, heavy metal salts of citrate,
salicylate, and piroctose, especially zinc salts, and acids
thereof, heavy metal salts of pyrithione, especially zinc
pyrithione, zinc phenolsulfate, farnesol, and combinations thereof.
Preferred are triclosan, triclocarban, and combinations
thereof.
[0032] Other deodorant actives suitable for use herein are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.), which
descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0033] D-Pantothenate Salts
[0034] The anhydrous antiperspirant compositions of the present
invention comprise a solid particulate that is suspended or
otherwise dispersed throughout the compositions, wherein the solid
particulate is a water-soluble, encapsulated d-pantothenate salt
that is in solid particulate form within the composition. The solid
d-pantothenate salts for use in the antiperspirant and deodorant
compositions of the present invention can include any salt of
d-pantothenic acid or any salt of d-pantothenic acid derivatives,
provided that the d-pantothenate salt is in solid particulate form
within the composition.
[0035] The d-pantothenate salts for use in the antiperspirant and
deodorant compositions of the present invention are encapsulated
within the composition. Any encapsulation material or method known
or otherwise suitable for encapsulating or substantially isolating
the d-pantothenate salt from other reactive ingredients in the
composition can be used. Any encapsulating or isolating material or
method know for or otherwise suitable for use with personal care
ingredients can be used to provide the desired encapsulation of the
d-pantothenate salts within the compositions.
[0036] It has been found that d-pantothenate salts can react when
formulated in the presence of an antiperspirant active ingredient,
most typically aluminum-containing antiperspirant actives, as
described herein. Encapsulation helps protect the d-pantothenate
salts from reacting with the antiperspirant active during
processing and storage, but should then allow for the release of
the salts from the product matrix at the appropriate time after
topical application to the underarm. This active release is most
useful when activated by events such as moisture or sweat contact,
or shear application of the product matrix onto the underarm.
[0037] Preferred encapsulation materials or methods include starch
encapsulation, although many other encapulation materials or
methods can also be used. Encapsulation materials include various
proteins, gelatines, caseinates, hydrocolloides, dextrines and
maltodextrines, starch and modified starch, sugars, agar, or any
other known encapsulation material.
[0038] The concentration of solid d-pantothenate salt, excluding
encapsulation materials, ranges from about 0.01% to about 10%,
preferably from about 0.05% to about 5%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about 1.0%, by weight of the compositions.
[0039] The d-pantothenate salt for use in the anhydrous
compositions of the present invention must be in solid particulate
form within the composition under ambient conditions, and must also
be water-soluble as defined herein. These solid particulates within
the composition preferably have an average particle diameter of
from about 3 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m, more preferably from about 5
.mu.m to about 40 .mu.m.
[0040] The d-pantothenate salts may be obtained and used in their
pure d-enantomeric form, or may be used as part of a d-l racemic
mixture, although it is believed that most or all of the skin
soothing and healing benefits made possible by these materials is
derived from the d-enantomer rather than from the relatively
inactive l-enantomer.
[0041] Preferred pantothenate salts for use in the anhydrous
antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of the present invention
include sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium
salts, lithium salts, and combinations thereof. Most preferred is
calcium pantothenate.
[0042] Suspending Agent
[0043] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention comprise a solid suspending or thickening
agent to help provide the compositions with the desired viscosity,
rheology, texture and/or product hardness, or to otherwise help
suspend any dispersed solids or liquids within the composition.
[0044] The term "suspending agent" as used herein, unless otherwise
specified, means any material known or otherwise effective in
providing suspending, gelling, viscosifying, solidifying and/or
thickening properties to the composition or which otherwise provide
structure to the final product form. These suspending agents
include gelling agents, and polymeric or nonpolymeric or inorganic
thickening or viscosifying agents. Such materials will typically be
solids under ambient conditions and include organic solids,
silicone solids, crystalline or other gellants, inorganic
particulates such as clays or silicas, or combinations thereof.
[0045] The concentration and type of suspending agent selected for
use in the antiperspirant and deodorant compositions will vary
depending upon the desired product hardness, rheology, formulation
(e.g., antiperspirant formulation or deodorant formulation) and/or
other related product characteristics. For most suspending agents
suitable for use herein, the total suspending agent concentration
ranges from about 0.1% to about 40%, more typically from about 0.1%
to about 35%, by weight of the composition. Suspending agent
concentrations will tend to be lower for liquid embodiments (e.g.,
aerosols, roll-ons, etc) and higher for semi-solid (e.g., soft
solids or creams) or solid stick embodiments.
[0046] Non limiting examples of suitable suspending agents include
hydrogenated castor oil (e.g., Castorwax MP80, Castor Wax, etc.),
fatty alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol), solid paraffins,
triglycerides and other similar solid suspending esters or other
microcrystalline waxes, silicone and modified silicone waxes. Non
limiting examples of optional suspending agents suitable for use
herein are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,514 (Guskey et al.),
U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,424 (Bretzler et al.), which descriptions are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0047] Other suitable suspending agents include silicone elastomers
at concentrations ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%, by weight
of the composition. Non-limiting examples of such silicone
elastomer materials suitable for use as a suspending agent herein
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,654,362 (Schulz, Jr. et al.); U.S.
Pat. No. 6,060,546 (Powell et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,437 (Lee
et al.), which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0048] Non-limiting examples of suitable suspending agents for use
in deodorant embodiments of the present invention include fatty
acid salts such as sodium stearate and other similar materials as
described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.), which
description is incorporated herein by reference.
[0049] Anhydrous Carrier Liquid
[0050] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention comprise an anhydrous carrier liquid at
concentrations ranging from about 10% to about 99%, preferably from
about 20% to about 70%, by weight of the composition. Such
concentrations will vary depending upon variables such as product
form, desired product hardness, selection of other ingredients in
the composition, and so forth. The anhydrous carrier liquid for use
in the composition can be any anhydrous liquid that is known for
use in personal care applications or is otherwise suitable for
topical application to the skin.
[0051] The anhydrous carrier liquid preferably comprises a volatile
silicone liquid, which may include cyclic, linear and/or branched
chain silicones. The concentration of volatile silicone in the
antiperspirant composition of the present invention preferably
ranges from about 5% to about 80%, preferably from about 20% to
about 60%, more preferably from about 30% to about 60%, by weight
of the composition. The volatile silicone is preferably a cyclic
silicone having from about 3 to about 7, more preferably from about
5 to about 6, silicon atoms. Most preferred are those that conform
to the formula: 1
[0052] wherein n is from about 3 to about 7, preferably from about
5 to about 6, most preferably 5. These volatile cyclic silicones
generally have a viscosity of less than about 10 centistokes.
Suitable volatile silicones for use herein include, but are not
limited to, Cyclomethicone D5 (commercially available from G. E.
Silicones); Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345 (commercially
available from Dow Corning Corp.); and GE 7207, GE 7158 and
Silicone Fluids SF-1202 and SF-1173 (available from General
Electric Co.). Non limiting examples of suitable volatile silicones
are described in Todd et al., "Volatile Silicone Fluids for
Cosmetics", Cosmetics and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976), which
descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0053] The anhydrous liquid carrier may comprise a non-volatile
silicone liquid, preferred concentrations of which range from about
1% to about 35%, more preferably from about 5% to about 30%, by
weight of the composition. The non volatile silicone carrier is
preferably a liquid at or below human skin temperature, or
otherwise in liquid form within the anhydrous antiperspirant
composition during or shortly after topical application. Preferred
are those nonvolatile liquid silicones that conform to either of
the formulas: 2
[0054] wherein n is sufficiently large to provide a viscosity of up
to about 100,000 centistokes, preferably less than about 500
centistoke, more preferably from 10 centistoke to about 200
centistoke, even more preferably from 10 centistoke to about 50
centistoke, as measured under ambient conditions. Specific non
limiting examples of suitable non volatile, linear, silicone
carriers include Dow Corning 200, hexamethyldisiloxane, Dow Corning
225, Down Corning 1732, Dow Corning 5732, Dow Corning 5750
(available from Dow Corning Corp.); and SF-96, SF-1066 and
SF18(350) Silicone Fluids (available from G. E. Silicones).
[0055] Many other carrier liquids known for use in personal care
products can be used in the antiperspirant compositions, alone or
in combination with the carrier liquids described in more detail
herein. Many such other carrier liquids are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 6,013,248 (Luebbe et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,489 (Swaile
et al.), which descriptions are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0056] Optional Ingredients
[0057] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention may further comprise any optional ingredient
that is known for use in antiperspirants and deodorant products or
other personal care products, or which is otherwise suitable for
topical application to human skin.
[0058] Non limiting examples of optional ingredients include dyes
or colorants, emulsifiers, perfumes, propellants, deodorant
perfumes, preservatives, vitamins, non-vitamin nutrients,
emollients, coupling agents or other solvents, surfactants,
processing aides such as viscosity modifiers, wash-off aids, and so
forth. Examples of such optional materials are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,049,792 (Elsnau); U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,375 (Tanner et
al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,429,816 (Hofrichter et al.); which
descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.
[0059] Methods of Manufacture
[0060] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention may be prepared by any known or otherwise
effective technique suitable for formulating the desired
antiperspirant or deodorant product form.
[0061] Antiperspirant solid and semi-solid embodiments of present
invention can be formulated, for example, by mixing volatile and
nonvolatile silicone carrier liquids (or any other desired
anhydrous carrier liquid) under ambient conditions, or under
conditions sufficient to render the admixture fluid or liquid, and
then adding any suspending agents to the mixture and heating the
resulting mixture sufficiently to liquefy the added suspending
agents, e.g., approximately 85.degree. C. for many wax solids, and
form a single phase liquid. Antiperspirant active and other
water-soluble solids (e.g. solid pantothenate salts) are then
typically added to and dispersed throughout the heated,
single-phase liquid before allowing the resulting combination to
cool to approximately 78.degree. C., at which point perfumes and
similar other materials (if any) are mixed into the combination,
which is then cooled to just above the solidification point of the
suspending agent (e.g., typically about 60.degree. C.) and then
poured into dispensing packages and allowed to solidify under
ambient conditions.
[0062] Antiperspirant liquid embodiments of the present invention
can be formulated, for example, by combining an anhydrous carrier
liquid with a suitable suspending agent and activator for the
suspending agent and allowing the combination to thicken to the
desired viscosity before adding the antiperspirant active and other
water-soluble solids with agitation. The resulting mixture is
subjected to shear in a suitable homogenizer to achieve the desired
concentrate viscosity. For aerosol liquid embodiments, the
resulting liquid is then packaged into aerosol containers with an
appropriate propellant in a concentrate to propellant ratio
suitable for the propellant system selected.
[0063] Other suitable methods of making antiperspirant compositions
are known and described in the antiperspirant art, and can be used
to make the antiperspirant compositions of the present inventions.
For solid antiperspirant embodiments, such methods include those
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,603 (Farris et al.) and U.S. Pat.
No. 4,985,238 (Tanner et al.). For aerosol antiperspirant
embodiments, such methods include those described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,136,303 (Ruebusch et al.); U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,904,463 and 4,840,786
(Johnson et al.) For soft solid or cream embodiments, such methods
are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,902,571 (Putman et al.) and U.S.
Pat. No. 5,902,570 (Bretzler et al.). All such method descriptions
in the above-identified patent publications are incorporated herein
by reference.
[0064] Suitable methods of making deodorant embodiments of the
present invention are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
6,013,248 and 5,902,572 (Luebbe et al.), which descriptions are
incorporated herein by reference.
[0065] Preferred Manufacturing Method
[0066] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention are preferably manufactured by subjecting the
composition to a milling step to reduce or eliminate relatively
large solid agglomerates that can form when the solid pantothenate
salts are combined with an antiperspirant or deodorant active in
solid particulate form.
[0067] It has also been found that the solid pantothenate salts
tends to agglomerate with any solid antiperspirant or deodorant
active, especially antiperspirant active, to form undesirably large
agglomerated solids within the composition. It has also been found
that by milling the intermediate formulation prior to pouring the
formulations into packages to cool, that the agglomerates can be
reduced or eliminated, thus further improving the application
cosmetics of the anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant
compositions.
[0068] More specifically, the preferred manufacturing method of the
present invention comprises the steps of:
[0069] (a) preparing an intermediate composition by mixing together
the following components:
[0070] (i) from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight of an
antiperspirant or deodorant active;
[0071] (ii) from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight of a solid,
water-soluble, pantothenate salt;
[0072] (iii) from about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of a suspending
agent; and
[0073] (iv) from about 10% to about 99% by weight of an anhydrous
carrier liquid; and
[0074] (b) heating the intermediate composition to above the
melting point of the suspending agent to form a liquid intermediate
composition containing solid antiperspirant active and solid,
water-soluble, pantothenate salt, and solid aggregates thereof;
[0075] (c) milling the liquid intermediate composition for a period
of time sufficient to reduce the average particle diameter of the
solid aggregates to less than 50 .mu.m; and then
[0076] (d) pouring the milled liquid intermediate into a dispensing
package and allowing the packaged composition to cool to ambient
temperatures, to form an anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant
composition.
[0077] The milling step as referred to herein is any process
wherein a shear force is applied that effectively breaks up or
reduces any agglomeration of particles and disperses the particles
throughout the composition. Non limiting examples of such milling
or high shearing mixing processes include colloid milling, high
pressure homogenization. The average particle diameter of the solid
aggregates after the milling step can be measured or otherwise
determined by polarized light microscopy methods well known in the
various chemical arts.
[0078] The encapsulated d-pantothenate salt is preferably prepared
using a modified food starch (e.g., National Starch brand
Capsule.RTM.). The starch is dissolved in water at 160.degree. F.
to form a 30% solution, and then allowed to cool to room
temperature. Calcium pantothenate is then added to the cooled
solution at a 3:1 weight ratio of starch to calcium pantothenate to
achieve a capsule loading of 25%, which is then spray dried using a
Buchi lab model spray drier at in inlet air temperature of
200.degree. C. and an outlet air temperature of 100.degree. C. The
spray dried product is collected in a collection cyclone and forms
a preferred encapsulated pantothenate salt for use in the
compositions herein. It is then incorporated into the compositions
of the present invention.
[0079] Method of Use
[0080] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention may be applied topically to the axilla or
other area of the skin in an amount effective to treat or reduce
perspiration wetness and or malodor. The composition is preferably
applied in an amount ranging from about 0.1 gram to about 20 grams,
more preferably from about 0.1 gram to about 10 grams, even more
preferably from about 0.1 gram to about 1 gram, to the desired area
of the skin. The compositions are preferably applied one to two
times daily, preferably once daily, to achieve effective
antiperspirant and malodor control.
[0081] The anhydrous antiperspirant and deodorant compositions of
the present invention can be formulated in a variety of product
forms and then applied to the axilla or other area of the skin in
the manner described herein, such variety product forms including
solids (e.g., sticks), semi-solids (e.g., lotions, creams, soft
solids), or liquids (e.g. aerosols, non-aerosol sprays, roll-ons,
porous dome liquids).
EXAMPLES
[0082] The following non-limiting examples described in Tables 1-5
illustrate specific embodiments of the anhydrous antiperspirant and
deodorant compositions of the present invention, including methods
of manufacture and use. Each of the exemplified compositions is
applied topically to the axilla area of the skin, in accordance
with the methods of use described herein, including the application
to shaved underarms. The applied compositions are mild to the skin
and help heal or sooth irritated underarm skin, including underarms
skin that has been shaven.
[0083] All exemplified amounts are weight percentages based upon
the total weight of the antiperspirant stick composition, unless
otherwise specified.
Examples 1-3
Antiperspirant Soft Solids/Creams, Wax Sticks, Low Residue
Sticks
[0084] The Tables 1-3 examples are each prepared as follows. First,
the gellants (fully hydrogenated HEAR and C18-C36 acid
triglyceride) are dissolved into the silicone liquids,
cyclopentasiloxane and dimethicone, by heating the gellants and
silicone materials together while stirring on an IKA stir plate to
85.degree. C. The solid antiperspirant active is then added slowly
with agitation to the heated mixture, and once added, the resulting
mixture is allowed to reheat to 85.degree. C. At this point all of
the encapsulated pantothenate salts and other any remaining water
soluble solids (e.g., niacinamide) are added along with any
tocopherol acetate. The mixture is milled at 4 on the speed setting
using an IKA brand T 25 Ultra-Turrax disperser using the S 25 N-25F
attachment. The product is milled for a period of time sufficient
to reduce and break up any agglomerates of solid water-soluble
solids and or solid antiperspirant active. To measure when
sufficient milling has occurred, a small sample of milled product
is withdrawn from the hot mixture on a metal spatula and examined
under a polarizing microscope. Product is milled until no visible
agglomerates greater than 10 microns of water-soluble solids and or
antiperspirant active are evident. Once milling is completed, then
the product is cooled and poured at approximately 60.degree. C.
into antiperspirant containers, where it is allowed to cool to
ambient temperatures to the desired product form.
1TABLE 1 Antiperspirant Soft Solids/Creams Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex.
Ingredients 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Al Zr Trichlorohydrex 25.25 25.25
25.25 25.25 25.25 Glycinate (solid) Dimethicone (10 cs) 5.00 5.00
5.00 5.00 5.00 Fully Hydrogenated High 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Erucic Acid Rapeseed oil (HEAR oil) Niacinamide (solid) 3.50 3.50 0
7.00 7.00 C-18-36 Acid Triglyceride 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25
Syncrowax HGLC Perfume 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Starch encapsulated
calcium 2.00 2.00 14.00 4.00 6.0 Pantothenate (25% loading)
Tocopherol Acetate 0.50 0 0 0 0 Cyclopentasiloxane QS QS QS QS QS
Total 100 100 100 100 100
[0085]
2TABLE 2 Antiperspirant Wax Sticks (Solid) Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex.
Ingredients 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Al Zr Trichlorohydrex Gly.(solid)
20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Stearyl Alcohol 11.00 11.00 11.00
11.00 11.00 Talc, USP Grade 6.50 7.00 7.50 3.00 3.00 Niacinamide
(solid) 3.50 3.50 0 7.00 7.00 Dimethicone (50 cs) 3.00 5.00 5.00
5.00 5.00 Castor Wax 2.90 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Starch encapsulated
calcium 2.00 2.00 14.00 4.00 6.0 pantothenate (25% loading)
Tocopherol Acetate 0.50 0 0 0 0 Fumed Silica 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
0.18 Dipropylene Glycol 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 Microthene 0.18
0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 Behenyl Alcohol 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
Perfume 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Cyclopentasiloxane QS QS QS QS QS
Total 100 100 100 100 100
[0086]
3TABLE 3 Antiperspirant Low Sticks (Solid) Residue Ex. Ex. Ex. Ex.
Ex. Ingredients 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Al Zr Trichlorohydrex 25.25
20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Glycinate (solid) Dimethicone (50 cs) 5.00
5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Fully Hydrogenated High 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
15.00 Erucic Acid Rapeseed oil (HEAR oil) Isopar M 10.00 10.00
10.00 10.00 10.00 Niacinamide (solid) 3.50 3.50 0 7.00 7.00 C-18-36
Acid Triglyceride 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 Syncrowax HGLC Perfume
0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 Starch encapsulated calcium 2.00 2.00
14.00 4.00 6.0 pantothenate (25% loading) Tocopherol Acetate 0.50 0
0 0 0 Cyclopentasiloxane QS QS QS QS QS Total 100 100 100 100
100
* * * * *