U.S. patent application number 09/967073 was filed with the patent office on 2002-10-10 for lubricant composition comprising alkali metal borate and polyalkylene succinic anhydride.
Invention is credited to Harrison, James J..
Application Number | 20020147115 09/967073 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23125487 |
Filed Date | 2002-10-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020147115 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Harrison, James J. |
October 10, 2002 |
Lubricant composition comprising alkali metal borate and
polyalkylene succinic anhydride
Abstract
Disclosed are lubricant compositions comprising a dispersed
hydrated alkali metal borate and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride,
a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives
thereof. Also disclosed are methods for improving the water
tolerance of a lubricant composition comprising an alkali metal
borate. Such methods employ compositions comprising a dispersed
hydrated alkali metal borate and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride,
a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives
thereof.
Inventors: |
Harrison, James J.; (Novato,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Chevron Corporation
Law Department - Patent and Licensing Unit
P. O. Box 6006
San Ramon
CA
94583-0806
US
|
Family ID: |
23125487 |
Appl. No.: |
09/967073 |
Filed: |
September 28, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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09967073 |
Sep 28, 2001 |
|
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09292627 |
Apr 15, 1999 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
508/158 ;
508/161; 508/162; 508/165; 508/306; 508/506 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2201/066 20130101;
C10M 125/26 20130101; C10M 2201/062 20130101; C10M 125/22 20130101;
C10M 2201/087 20130101; C10M 2207/129 20130101; C10M 2201/102
20130101; C10M 2201/105 20130101; C10M 2201/10 20130101; C10M
125/10 20130101; C10M 129/93 20130101; C10M 2201/065 20130101; C10M
141/02 20130101; C10M 2201/084 20130101; C10M 141/02 20130101; C10M
125/10 20130101; C10M 125/22 20130101; C10M 125/26 20130101; C10M
129/93 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/158 ;
508/161; 508/162; 508/165; 508/306; 508/506 |
International
Class: |
C10M 141/12 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A lubricant composition which comprises: a) a base oil of
lubricating viscosity, b) a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate,
and c) a dispersant that is selected from the group consisting of a
polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a non-nitrogen containing
derivative of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride, mixtures of
polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures of non-nitrogen
containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride and
mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and non-nitrogen
containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride.
2. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, wherein the
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is a dispersed hydrated
sodium borate.
3. The lubricant composition according to claim 2, wherein the
dispersed hydrated sodium borate has a sodium to boron metal ratio
of from about 1:2.5 to about 1:4.5.
4. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, wherein the
dispersant is a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides.
5. The lubricant composition according to claim 4, wherein the
mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides is a mixture of
polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides.
6. The lubricant composition according to claim 5, wherein the
mixture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides comprises a low
molecular weight polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride component and a
high molecular weight polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride
component.
7. The lubricant composition according to claim 6, wherein the low
molecular weight polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride component has a
number average molecular weight of from about 500 to below 1000 and
the high molecular weight polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride
component has a number average molecular weight of from 1000 to
about 3000.
8. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, wherein the
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate has a ratio of at least 2:1
relative to the dispersant.
9. The lubricant composition according to claim 8, wherein the
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate has a ratio of from 2:1 to
10:1 relative to the dispersant.
10. The lubricant composition according to claim 8, wherein the
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate has a ratio of at least 5:2
relative to the dispersant.
11. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, which further
comprises a metal sulfonate.
12. The lubricant composition according to claim 11, wherein said
metal sulfonate is a calcium alkyl aromatic sulfonate.
13. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, which further
comprises from about 0.001 moles to about 0.11 moles of a water
soluble oxo anion per mole of boron.
14. The lubricant composition according to claim 13, wherein said
oxo anion is selected from the group consisting of nitrate,
sulfate, carbonate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, silicate, aluminate,
germanate, stannate, zincate, plumbate, titanate, molybdate,
tungstate, vanadate, niobate, tantalate, uranate, isopolymolybdate,
isopolytungstate, heteropolymolybdate, heteropolytungstates, and
mixtures thereof.
15. A method for enhancing the water tolerance of lubricant
compositions comprising alkali metal borate which method comprises
adding an anti-wear effective amount of a dispersed hydrated alkali
metal borate to a base oil of lubricating viscosity in combination
with a dispersant effective amount of a dispersant selected from
the group consisting of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a
non-nitrogen containing derivative of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride, mixtures of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures
of non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride and mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and
non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride.
16. The lubricant composition according to claim 1, wherein the
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is a dispersed hydrated
sodium borate having a hydroxyl to boron ratio of from about 0.8:1
to 1.6:1.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 09/292,627, filed Apr. 15, 1999, which
application is incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention is directed, in part, to novel lubricant
compositions. These compositions comprise an alkali metal borate
and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a mixture of polyalkylene
succinic anhydrides or derivatives thereof. Surprisingly, these
compositions have improved compatibility, extreme pressure
properties and/or water tolerance over similar compositions
comprising a dispersant other than a polyalkylene succinic
anhydride or derivatives thereof.
[0003] This invention is also directed, in part, to methods for
improving the water tolerance of a lubricant composition comprising
an alkali metal borate. Such methods employ compositions comprising
an alkali metal borate and a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a
mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides or derivatives
thereof.
[0004] References
[0005] The following references are cited in this application as
superscript numbers:
[0006] .sup.1 Peeler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,313,727, Alkali Metal Borate
E. P. Lubricants, issued Apr. 11, 1967
[0007] .sup.2 Adams, U.S. Pat. No.3,912,643, Lubricant Containing
Neutralized Alkali Metal Borates, issued Oct. 14, 1975
[0008] .sup.3 Sims, U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,521, Lubricant Containing
Dispersed Borate and a Polyol, issued Jun. 25, 1974
[0009] .sup.4 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,772, Lubricant Containing
Alkali Metal Borate Dispersed with a Mixture of Dispersants, issued
Dec. 10, 1974
[0010] .sup.5 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,997,454, Lubricant Containing
Potassium Borate, issued Dec. 14, 1976
[0011] .sup.6 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,790, Synergistic
Combinations of Hydrated Potassium Borate, Antiwear Agents, and
Organic Sulfide Antioxidants, issued May 16, 1978
[0012] .sup.7 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,729, Synergistic
Combinations of Hydrated Potassium Borate, Antiwear Agents, and
Organic Sulfide Antioxidants, issued Aug. 7, 1979
[0013] .sup.8 Frost, U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,155, Lubricant Composition
Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and a Sulfur-Containing
Polyhydroxy Compound, U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,184, issued Oct. 24,
1995
[0014] .sup.9 Frost, U.S. Pat. No.4,401,580, Lubricant Composition
Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and an Ester-Polyol Compound,
issued Aug. 30, 1983
[0015] .sup.10 Frost, U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,288, Lubricant
Composition Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and an Oil-Soluble
Amine Salt of a Phosphorus Compound, issued Sep. 18, 1984
[0016] .sup.11 Clark, U.S. Pat. No.4,584,873, Automotive Friction
Reducing Composition, issued Aug. 13, 1985
[0017] .sup.12 Brewster, U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,619, Heat Transfer and
Quench Oil, issued Jan. 13, 1970
[0018] All of the above references are herein incorporated by
reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each
individual publication or patent was specifically and individually
indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0019] State of the Art
[0020] High load conditions often occur in gear sets such as those
used in automobile transmissions and differentials, pneumatic
tools, gas compressors, centrifuges, high-pressure hydraulic
systems, metal workings and similar devices as well as in many
types of bearings. When employed in such environments, it is
conventional to add an extreme-pressure agent to the lubricant
composition and, in this regard, alkali metal borates are well
known extreme-pressure agents for such compositions..sup.1-12
.sup.1 Peeler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,313,727, Alkali Metal Borate E. P.
Lubricants, issued Apr. 11, 1967 .sup.2 Adams, U.S. Pat.
No.3,912,643, Lubricant Containing Neutralized Alkali Metal
Borates, issued Oct. 14, 1975 .sup.3 Sims, U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,521,
Lubricant Containing Dispersed Borate and a Polyol, issued Jun. 25,
1974 .sup.4 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,772, Lubricant Containing
Alkali Metal Borate Dispersed with a Mixture of Dispersants, issued
Dec. 10, 1974 .sup.5 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,997,454, Lubricant
Containing Potassium Borate, issued Dec. 14, 1976 .sup.6 Adams,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,790, Synergistic Combinations of Hydrated
Potassium Borate, Antiwear Agents, and Organic Sulfide
Antioxidants, issued May 16, 1978 .sup.7 Adams, U.S. Pat. No.
4,163,729, Synergistic Combinations of Hydrated Potassium Borate,
Antiwear Agents, and Organic Sulfide Antioxidants, issued Aug. 7,
1979 .sup.8 Frost, U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,155, Lubricant Composition
Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and a Sulfur-Containing
Polyhydroxy Compound, U.S. Pat. No. 5,461,184, issued Oct. 24, 1995
.sup.9 Frost, U.S. Pat. No.4,401,580, Lubricant Composition
Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and an Ester-Polyol Compound,
issued Aug. 30, 1983 .sup.10 Frost, U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,288,
Lubricant Composition Containing an Alkali Metal Borate and an
Oil-Soluble Amine Salt of a Phosphorus Compound, issued Sep. 18,
1984 .sup.11 Clark, U.S. Pat. No.4,584,873, Automotive Friction
Reducing Composition, issued Aug. 13, 1985 .sup.12 Brewster, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,489,619, Heat Transfer and Quench Oil, issued Jan. 13,
1970
[0021] Because the alkali metal borate is insoluble in lubricant
oil media, it is conventional to include a dispersant in such
compositions in order to facilitate the formation of a homogenous
dispersion. Examples of dispersants include lipophilic
surface-active agents such as alkenyl succinimides or other
nitrogen containing dispersants..sup.1-4 It is also conventional to
employ the alkali metal borate at particle sizes of less than 1
micron in order to facilitate the formation of the homogenous
dispersion..sup.11 .sup.1 Peeler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,313,727, Alkali
Metal Borate E. P. Lubricants, issued Apr. 11, 1967 .sup.2 Adams,
U.S. Pat. No.3,912,643, Lubricant Containing Neutralized Alkali
Metal Borates, issued Oct. 14, 1975 .sup.3 Sims, U.S. Pat. No.
3,819,521, Lubricant Containing Dispersed Borate and a Polyol,
issued Jun. 25, 1974 .sup.4 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,772,
Lubricant Containing Alkali Metal Borate Dispersed with a Mixture
of Dispersants, issued Dec. 10, 1974 .sup.11 Clark, U.S. Pat.
No.4,584,873, Automotive Friction Reducing Composition, issued Aug.
13, 1985
[0022] The use of alkali metal borates in lubricant compositions is
complicated by the presence of water in the environment where the
composition is employed. Conventional preparation methods remove
essentially all the water from the media.sup.12. However, when the
presence of water exceeds a threshold concentration in the
lubricant composition, the borate crystallizes out of the
composition and forms hard granules. These granules cause severe
noise in the lubricated systems and can severely damage the gears
or bearings themselves as well as leading to seal leakage..sup.10
Further, borate lost by crystallization decreases the extreme
pressure properties of the lubricant composition. .sup.10 Frost,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,472,288, Lubricant Composition Containing an Alkali
Metal Borate and an Oil-Soluble Amine Salt of a Phosphorus
Compound, issued Sep. 18, 1984 .sup.12 Brewster, U.S. Pat. No.
3,489,619, Heat Transfer and Quench Oil, issued Jan. 13, 1970
[0023] On the other hand, lubricant compositions employing alkali
metal borates are often employed in environments where water is
invariably present.
[0024] In view of the above, enhanced water tolerance of lubricant
compositions comprising an alkali metal borate would be
particularly beneficial.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0025] This invention is directed to the novel and unexpected
discovery that enhanced water tolerance and lubricant oil
compatibility for alkali metal borates can be achieved by employing
a dispersant selected from the group consisting of a polyalkylene
succinic anhydride, a non-nitrogen containing derivative of the
polyalkylene succinic anhydride and mixtures of polyalkylene
succinic anhydrides, mixtures of non-nitrogen containing
derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride or mixtures of
both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and non-nitrogen containing
derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride.
[0026] Accordingly, in one of its composition aspects, this
invention is directed to a lubricant composition which comprises a
base oil of lubricating viscosity, a dispersed hydrated alkali
metal borate, and a dispersant that is selected from the group
consisting of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a non-nitrogen
containing derivative of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride,
mixtures of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures of
non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride and mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and
non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride.
[0027] In addition to improved water tolerance, it has now been
discovered that the use of such dispersants in these lubricant
compositions gives far superior compatibility than other possible
dispersants.
[0028] Preferably, the dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is a
dispersed hydrated sodium borate. A preferred dispersed hydrated
sodium borate has a sodium to boron metal ratio of from about 1:2.5
to about 1:4.5 and more preferably about 1:3.
[0029] Preferably, the hydrated alkali metal borate contains small
amounts of a water soluble oxo anion. Only from 0.001 moles to 0.11
moles of water soluble oxo anion should be present per mole of
boron. This water-soluble oxo anion can include nitrate, sulfate,
carbonate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, silicate, aluminate,
germanate, stannate, zincate, plumbate, titanate, molybdate,
tungstate, vanadate, niobate, tantalate, uranates, or can include
the isopolymolybdates and isopolytungstates, or the
heteropolymolybdates and heteropolytungstates, or mixtures
thereof.
[0030] Preferably, the dispersant is a polyalkylene succinic
anhydride or a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides. More
preferably, the polyalkylene succinic anhydride is a polyisobutenyl
succinic anhydride. In one preferred embodiment, the polyalkylene
succinic anhydride is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride having a
number average molecular weight of at least 500, more preferably at
least 900 and still more preferably from at least about 900 to
about 3000.
[0031] Preferably, the dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is
present in a ratio of at least 2:1 relative to the polyalkylene
succinic anhydride dispersant. More preferably the ratio of
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate to dispersant is from 2:1 up
to 10:1. Most preferably the ratio is at least 5:2. In a preferred
embodiment, the dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is a
hydrated sodium metal borate, preferably a NaB.sub.3 condensed
borate and the polyalkylene succinic anhydride is a polyisobutenyl
succinic anhydride.
[0032] In another preferred embodiment, a mixture of polyalkylene
succinic anhydrides are employed. In this embodiment, the mixture
preferably comprises a low molecular weight polyalkylene succinic
anhydride component and a high molecular weight polyalkylene
succinic anhydride component. More preferably, the low molecular
weight component has a number average molecular weight of from
about 500 to below 1000 and the high molecular weight component has
a number average molecular weight of from 1000 to about 3000. Still
more preferably, both the low and high molecular weight components
are polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides.
[0033] Preferably, the lubricant composition also comprises a
detergent, such as a metal sulfonate. A preferred metal sulfonate
is a calcium alkyl aromatic sulfonate.
[0034] This invention is also directed to methods for enhancing the
water tolerance of lubricant compositions comprising alkali metal
borate. Accordingly, in one of its method aspects, this invention
is directed to a method for enhancing the water tolerance of
lubricant compositions comprising alkali metal borate which method
comprises adding an anti-wear effective amount of a dispersed
hydrated alkali metal borate to a base oil of lubricating viscosity
in combination with a dispersant effective amount of a dispersant
selected from the group consisting of a polyalkylene succinic
anhydride, a non-nitrogen containing derivative of the polyalkylene
succinic anhydride, mixtures of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides,
mixtures of non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene
succinic anhydride and mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic
anhydrides and non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the
polyalkylene succinic anhydride.
[0035] This invention is still further directed to methods for the
preparation of such lubricant compositions. Accordingly, in another
of its method aspects, this invention is directed to a method for
preparing a lubricant composition comprising a base oil of
lubricating viscosity, a dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate,
and a polyalkylene succinic dispersant that is selected from the
group consisting of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a
non-nitrogen containing derivative of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride, mixtures of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures
of non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride and mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and
non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride which method comprises:
[0036] mixing, under agitation, (1) an aqueous solution of boric
acid and alkali metal hydroxide, and (2) a diluent oil containing
the polyalkylene succinic dispersant (and any metal sulfonate); and
then heating the mixture to remove the water. Preferably the
lubricant composition comprises a hydrated sodium borate and, more
preferably, the hydrated sodium borate has a hydroxyl to boron
ratio (OH:B) of from about 0.8:1 to 1.6:1, preferably from about
0.9:1 to 1.50:1, and more preferably from about 1.00:1 to 1.40: 1,
as disclosed in concurrently filed U.S. application Ser. No.
___,___ (Attorney Docket No. 005950-699, T-5928) and entitled
"Dispersed Hydrated Sodium Borate Compositions Having Improved
Properties In Lubricating Oil Compositions" which is incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0037] This invention is directed, in part, to novel lubricant
compositions comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity, a
dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate and a dispersant selected
from the group consisting of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a
non-nitrogen containing derivative of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride, mixtures of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures
of non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride and mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and
non-nitrogen containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride.
[0038] Each of these components in the claimed composition will be
defined herein.
[0039] The Dispersed Hydrated Alkali Metal Borate
[0040] Hydrated alkali metal borates are well known in the art.
Representative patents disclosing suitable borates and methods of
manufacture include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,313,727; 3,819,521;
3,853,772; 3,912,643; 3,997,454; and 4,089,790..sup.1-6 .sup.1
Peeler, U.S. Pat. No. 3,313,727, Alkali Metal Borate E. P.
Lubricants, issued Apr. 11, 1967 .sup.2 Adams, U.S. Pat.
No.3,912,643, Lubricant Containing Neutralized Alkali Metal
Borates, issued Oct. 14, 1975 .sup.3 Sims, U.S. Pat. No. 3,819,521,
Lubricant Containing Dispersed Borate and a Polyol, issued Jun. 25,
1974 .sup.4 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,853,772, Lubricant Containing
Alkali Metal Borate Dispersed with a Mixture of Dispersants, issued
Dec. 10, 1974 .sup.5 Adams, U.S. Pat. No. 3,997,454, Lubricant
Containing Potassium Borate, issued Dec. 14, 1976 .sup.6 Adams,
U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,790, Synergistic Combinations of Hydrated
Potassium Borate, Antiwear Agents, and Organic Sulfide
Antioxidants, issued May 16, 1978
[0041] The hydrated alkali metal borates can be represented by the
following formula:
M.sub.2O.cndot.mB.sub.2O.sub.3.cndot.nH.sub.2O
[0042] where M is sodium or potassium, m is a number preferably
from 2.5 to 4.5 (both whole and fractional), and n is a number
preferably from 1.0 to 4.8. Preferred hydrated alkali metal borates
are hydrated potassium borates and more preferably the hydrated
sodium borates because of their improved water tolerance. Most
preferred are the hydrated sodium borates having a sodium-to-boron
ratio of about 1:3. In another of its preferred embodiment, the
hydrated borate particles generally have a mean particle size of
less than 1 micron.
[0043] The hydrated alkali metal borates will generally comprise
about 10 to 75 weight percent, preferably 25 to 50 weight percent,
more preferably about 35 to 40 weight percent of the lubricant
composition. (Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are in
weight percent.) The hydrated alkali metal borate dispersions have
been found to be reactive in the presence of water. The presence of
water has been found to alter the size, shape, and composition of
the dispersed, amorphous borate particles, which have the overall
composition MB.sub.3O.sub.5H.sub.2O, to ultimately produce a number
of crystalline borates which have the compositions
MB.sub.3O.sub.5.cndot.3H.sub.2O, MB.sub.5O.sub.8.cndot.4H.su- b.2O,
M.sub.2B.sub.5O.sub.8(OH).cndot.2H.sub.2O,
M.sub.2B.sub.4O.sub.7.cnd- ot.4H.sub.2O, and the like. These
crystals generally separate out from the oil phase to form deposits
in the oil, and can damage the elastomer seals in various engine
parts and cause leakage.
[0044] We have also found that sodium borates give better water
tolerance and compatibility than potassium borates.
[0045] Preferably, the hydrated alkali metal borates contain small
amounts of a water soluble oxo anion. Only from 0.001 moles to 0.11
moles of water soluble oxo anion should be present per mole of
boron. This water-soluble oxo anion can include nitrate, sulfate,
carbonate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, silicate, aluminate,
germanate, stannate, zincate, plumbate, titanate, molybdate,
tungstate, vanadate, niobate, tantalate, uranates, or can include
the isopolymolybdates and isopolytungstates, or the
heteropolymolybdates and heteropolytungstates, or mixtures
thereof.
[0046] The presence of small amounts of water soluble oxo anions in
the alkali metal borates is thought to improve the water tolerance
of the alkali metal borates by disrupting the crystal structure of
the hydrolysis products. This results in a lower tendency to form
crystals or in a reduced rate of crystallization.
[0047] The Polyalkylene Sussinic Dispersant
[0048] The dispersant can be a polyalkylene succinic anhydride or a
non-nitrogen containing derivative of the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride and is preferably selected from the group consisting of a
polyalkylene succinic anhydride, a non-nitrogen containing
derivative of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride, mixtures of
polyalkylene succinic anhydrides, mixtures of non-nitrogen
containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride and
mixtures of both polyalkylene succinic anhydrides and non-nitrogen
containing derivatives of the polyalkylene succinic anhydride.
Non-nitrogen containing derivatives of polyalkylene succinic
anhydrides preferably include, succinic acids, Group I and/or Group
II mono- or di-metal salts of succinic acids, succinate esters
formed by the reaction of a polyalkylene succinic anhydride, acid
chloride, or other derivative with an alcohol and the like.
[0049] The polyalkylene succinic anhydride is preferably a
polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride. In one preferred embodiment, the
polyalkylene succinic anhydride is a polyisobutenyl succinic
anhydride having a number average molecular weight of at least 500,
more preferably at least 900-3000 and still more preferably from at
least about 900 to about 2300.
[0050] In another preferred embodiment, a mixture of polyalkylene
succinic anhydrides are employed. In this embodiment, the mixture
preferably comprises a low molecular weight polyalkylene succinic
anhydride component and a high molecular weight polyalkylene
succinic anhydride component. More preferably, the low molecular
weight component has a number average molecular weight of from
about 500 to below 1000 and the high molecular weight component has
a number average molecular weight of from 1000 to about 3000. Still
more preferably, both the low and high molecular weight components
are polyisobutenyl succinic anhydrides.
[0051] Preferably, the dispersed hydrated alkali metal borate is
employed in a weight ratio of at least 2:1 relative to the
polyalkylene succinic anhydride dispersant, while being more
preferably in the range of 2:1 to 10:1. Most preferably, the ratio
is at least 5:2. In a preferred embodiment, mixtures as defined
above of the polyalkylene succinic anhydrides are employed.
[0052] The polyalkylene succinic anhydride is the reaction product
of a polyalkylene (preferably polyisobutene) with maleic anhydride.
One can use conventional polyisobutene, or high methylvinylidene
polyisobutene in the preparation of such polyalkylene succinic
anhydrides. One can use thermal, chlorination, free radical, acid
catalyzed, or any other process in this preparation. Examples of
suitable polyalkylene succinic anhydrides are thermal PIBSA
(polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride) described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,361,673; chlorination PIBSA described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892;
a mixture of thermal and chlorination PIBSA described in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,912,764; high succinic ratio PIBSA described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,234,435; PolyPIBSA described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,112,507 and
5,175,225; high succinic ratio PolyPIBSA described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,565,528 and 5,616,668; free radical PIBSA described in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,286,799, 5,319,030, and 5,625,004; PIBSA made from high
methylvinylidene polybutene described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,152,499,
5,137,978, and 5,137,980; high succinic ratio PIBSA made from high
methylvinylidene polybutene described in European Patent
Application Publication No. EP 355 895; terpolymer PIBSA described
in U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,729; sulfonic acid PIBSA described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,777,025 and European Patent Application Publication No.
EP 542 380; and purified PIBSA described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,523,417
and European Patent Application Publication No. EP 602 863. The
disclosures of each of these documents is incorporated herein by
reference in their entirety.
[0053] The number average molecular weight of the polyalkylene tail
in the polyalkylene succinic anhydride should be from about 300 to
about 5000. This should be compatible with the previous ranges
given before with the particular molecular weight depending on
dispersant or mixture of dispersants to be employed. Preferably,
the polyalkylene succinic anhydride component comprises from 2 to
40 weight percent, more preferably 10 to 15 weight percent of the
weight of the lubricant composition.
[0054] Most preferable is the case where the polyalkylene succinic
anhydride component is a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
[0055] This invention is based, in part, on the discovery that the
presently employed non-nitrogen containing polyalkylene succinic
anhydrides and derivatives thereof provide significantly better
water tolerance and compatibility than the use of conventional
polyalkylene succinimides, such as polyisobutenyl succinimides, in
lubricating compositions comprising an alkali metal borate. It has
also been found that a mixture of polyalkylene succinic anhydrides
can be effectively employed. The mixture preferably comprises a low
molecular weight polyalkylene succinic anhydride component and a
high molecular weight polyalkylene succinic anhydride component.
Alternatively, various molecular weights polyalkylene succinic
anhydride components can be combined as a dispersant.
[0056] The Detergent
[0057] There are a number of materials that are suitable as
detergents for the purpose of this invention. These materials
include phenates (high overbased or low overbased), high overbased
phenate stearates, phenolates, salicylates, and sulfonates.
Preferably, sulfonates are used, such as high overbased sulfonates,
low overbased sulfonates, or phenoxy sulfonates. In addition the
sulfonic acids themselves can also be used.
[0058] The term "metal sulfonate" is intended to encompass the
salts of sulfonic acids derived from petroleum products. Such acids
are well known in the art. They can be obtained by treating
petroleum products with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide. The acids
thus obtained are known as petroleum sulfonic acids and the salts
as petroleum sulfonates. Most of the compounds in the petroleum
product which become sulfonated contain an oil-solubilizing group.
Also included within the meaning of sulfonates are the salts of
sulfonic acids of synthetic alkyl aryl compounds. These acids also
are prepared by treating an alkyl aryl compound with sulfuric acid
or sulfur trioxide. At least one alkyl substituent of the aryl ring
is an oil-solubilizing group. The acids thus obtained are known as
alkyl aryl sulfonic acids and the salts as alkyl aryl sulfonates.
The sulfonates wherein the alkyl is straight-chain are the
well-known linear alkyl sulfonates.
[0059] The acids obtained by sulfonation are converted to the metal
salts by neutralizing with a basic reacting alkali or alkaline
earth metal compound to yield the Group I or Group II metal
sulfonates. Generally, the acids are neutralized with an alkali
metal base. Alkaline earth metal salts are obtained from the alkali
metal salt by metathesis. Alternatively, the sulfonic acid can be
neutralized directly with an alkaline earth metal base.
[0060] Alternatively, the sulfonic acid can be used directly,
instead of the sulfonic acid salt.
[0061] Preferably, the metal sulfonate is a calcium alkyl aromatic
sulfonate and the metal sulfonate comprises from 0 to 20 weight
percent, more preferably 2 to 10 weight percent, of the lubricant
composition.
[0062] The Oil of Lubricating Viscosity
[0063] The lubricating oil to which the borates and the dispersant
are added can be any hydrocarbon-based lubricating oil or a
synthetic base oil stock. The hydrocarbon-based lubricating oils
may be derived from synthetic or natural sources and may be
paraffinic, naphthetic or asphaltenic base, or mixtures thereof.
The diluent oil can be natural or synthetic, and can be different
viscosity grades.
[0064] The lubricating oil comprises from 30 to 70 weight percent,
more preferably from 45 to 55 weight percent of the lubricant
composition.
[0065] Formulations
[0066] The borate lubricating compositions of the present invention
are generally blended at a level of 20-80% with other conventional
additives such as ashless dispersants (1-20%), sulfurized
hydrocarbons (0-30%), dialkyl hydrogen phosphates (0-10%), zinc
dithiophosphates (0-20%), dialkyl hydrogen phosphates (0-10%),
pentaerythritol monooleate (0-10%), 2,5-dimercapto thiadiazole
(0-5%), benzotriazole (0-5%), dispersed molybdenum disulfide
(0-5%), overbased sulfonates (0-10%), imidazolines (0-10%), and the
like. Such additive mixtures can be used to provide a gear oil
package which can then be blended at 5-15% level in an oil of
lubricating viscosity, along with a polymethacrylate viscosity
index improver at a level of 2-12%, and 0-1% pour point depressant
to form a gear oil finished oil.
[0067] A variety of other additives can be present in lubricating
oils of the present invention. Those additives include
antioxidants, other viscosity index improvers, rust inhibitors,
corrosion inhibitors, other anti-wear agents, and a variety of
other well-known additives.
EXAMPLES
[0068] The invention will be further illustrated by the following
examples, which set forth particularly advantageous method
embodiments. While the Examples are provided to illustrate the
present invention, they are not intended to limit it.
[0069] As used herein, the following abbreviations have the
following meanings. If not defined, the abbreviation will have its
art recognized meaning.
1 cSt = centistokes g = gram LOB = low overbased M = metal mm =
millimeters mL = milliliter Mn or M.sub.n = number average
molecular weight PIB = polyisobutylene PIBSA = polyisobutenyl
succinic anhydride PSD = particle size distribution TBN = total
base number vis = viscosity
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE A
Preparation of the Lubricant Composition Using Nitrogen Containing
Succinimides
[0070] To a 2-liter beaker were added 272.8 grams of water, 219.6
grams of boric acid (3.55 moles), and 148.3 grams of 45% potassium
hydroxide solution (1.19 moles). The potassium hydroxide solution
typically contained about 2% potassium carbonate. The alkali
metal/boron charge mole ratio was 1:3. This was heated with
stirring until the ingredients dissolved. Then this solution was
divided in half and then each half, 594 grams, was added to a
mixture of a mono tetraethylenepentamine succinimide made from 950
molecular weight PIB (polyisobutene) (30.25 grams), and a low
overbased 5 TBN calcium natural sulfonate (13.15 grams) dissolved
in 136.15 grams neutral diluent oil. The dispersant/boric acid
weight ratio was 0.276:1, and the sulfonate/boric acid weight ratio
was 0.121:1.
[0071] The two solutions were stirred rapidly for thirty minutes
using Waring blenders and then poured together into a 2-liter
beaker. This solution was then stirred and heated to 270.degree. C.
under a stream of nitrogen. Then it was allowed to cool. A total of
about 561 grams product was produced. This product was found to
contain a total base number of 122 mg KOH/g sample, 6.8% K, 5.9% B,
0.24% N, and had a vis at 100.degree. C. of 15.9 cSt. The PSD
(particle size distribution) was 90% less than 0.42 micron, and 50%
less than 0.33 micron. This data is shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES B-D
Preparation of Other Lubricant Compositions Using Different Amounts
of Succinimide and Sulfonate
[0072] A number of other examples of lubricant compositions were
prepared using the procedure outlined above with different amounts
of the dispersant and the detergent. Comparative example B did not
use a dispersant while comparative example C did not use a
sulfonate. Comparative example D also used sodium hydroxide instead
of potassium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide typically contained
about 0.6% sodium carbonate. These are also summarized in Table
1.
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of the Lubricant Composition Using PIBSA as the
Dispersant
[0073] To a beaker was added water, boric acid, and potassium
hydroxide. The potassium to boron molar ratio was 0.33:1. This was
heated until the boric acid dissolved. Then this was slowly added
to a vigorously stirred solution of PIBSA made from polyisobutene
that had a number average molecular weight of 1000 and a low
overbased 5 TBN calcium natural sulfonate, dissolved in neutral
diluent oil. This was stirred for one half hour, the mixture was
heated with stirring until the temperature increased to 270.degree.
F. The excess water was removed with a stream of nitrogen gas
during the heating stage. The levels of dispersant and sulfonate,
and chemical and physical properties of this product are reported
in Table 1.
EXAMPLES 2-16
Preparation of Other Lubricant Compositions
[0074] Other lubricant compositions were prepared using the general
procedure of Example 1. Different amounts of polyisobutenyl
succinic anhydrides made from different molecular weight
polyisobutenes, as well as mixtures of molecular weight
polysiobuentenes, were used in these preparations. Also in some
cases sodium hydroxide was used instead of potassium hydroxide. The
sodium hydroxide employed typically contained about 0.6% sodium
carbonate. Furthermore, examples 14-16, employed a calcium low
overbased 28 TBN synthetic sulfonate, i.e., calcium alkylbenzene
sulfonate, in place of the low overbased calcium natural sulfonate.
These results are summarized in Table 1.
2TABLE 1 Chemical and Physical Properties of the Borate
Dispersions. PIB Dispersant Sulfonate PSD PDS Ex. M Mn Level Level
TBN % M % B % N Vis. 90% 50% Dispersant - succinimide; sulfonate -
natural sulfonate A K 1000 11% 5% 122 6.8 5.9 0.24 15.9 0.42 0.33 B
K -- -- 5.3% 129 9.0 7.3 0.15 9.1 0.58 0.38 C K 1000 11% -- 129 8.5
6.9 0.26 12.4 0.53 0.33 D Na 1000 11% 5% 129 4.3 5.9 0.29 14.1 0.37
0.32 Dispersant - polyalkylene succinic anhydride; sulfonate -
natural sulfonate 1 K 1000 11% 5% 115 6.7 6.4 -- 18.9 0.60 0.34 2 K
1300 11% 5% 118 6.7 6.4 -- 21.7 0.52 0.33 3 K 2300 11% 5% 118 6.9
6.1 -- 20.0 0.60 0.38 4 K 1000 11.3% -- 123 7.0 6.7 -- 17.3 0.58
0.35 5 K 1300 11.3% -- 124 6.8 6.4 -- 21.6 0.59 0.35 6 K 2300 11.3%
-- 108 6.0 5.3 -- 15.8 1.50 0.40 7 Na 1000 11% 5% 121 4.8 6.8 --
17.5 0.57 0.34 8 Na 1300 11% 5% 123 4.5 6.7 -- 20.3 0.47 0.32 9 Na
2300 16.7% 4.4% 114 4.3 6.1 -- 27.0 0.57 0.35 10 Na 1000 11.3% --
129 4.9 6.9 -- 16.0 0.63 0.36 11 Na 1300 11.3% -- 129 4.6 7.0 --
18.9 0.54 0.34 12 Na 2300 16.7% -- 120 4.3 6.1 -- 24.1 0.63 0.36 13
Na 1000 + 17.6% -- 121 4.2 6.3 -- 0.17 0.13 2300 Dispersant -
polyalkylene succinic anhydride; sulfonate - synthetic sulfonate 14
Na 1000 11% 5% 123 4.2 6.6 -- 0.19 0.15 15 Na 500 + 11% 5% 121 4.6
6.3 -- 0.17 0.13 1000 + 2300 16 Na 1000 + 11% 5% 120 5.0 6.6 --
0.17 0.13 2300
[0075] Compatibility Testing of the Borate Lubricating
Composition
[0076] The compatibility testing of a number of borate lubricating
compositions in the absence of water was carried out at 80.degree.
C. This was carried out by the following procedure. Borate
lubricating compositions of the present invention were blended at
3% level into a typical automotive gear oil formulation comprising
ashless dispersant, calcium sulfonate, corrosion inhibitor, EP
agent, friction modifier, multifunctional additives, metal
deactivator, etc. This gear oil formulation was then added at the
level of 6.5% to diluent oil to make an 80W90 formulation. This
formulation was then placed in an oven at 60.degree. C. and
inspected on a regular basis. The results are reported in Table
2.
3TABLE 2 Compatibility of Borate Lubricating Compositions at
60.degree. C. Compatibility Results Ex. 1 day 1 week 2 weeks 1
month A Slightly cloudy Bright Bright Bright no sediment heavy
sediment heavy sediment heavy sediment (15 mm) (10 mm) (10 mm) D
Bright Bright Bright very heavy very heavy heavy sediment sediment
sediment (6 mm) (5 mm) (5 mm) 7 Bright Bright Very slight Very
slight no sediment no sediment cloud cloud no sediment no sediment
8 Bright Bright Bright Bright no sediment no sediment no sediment
no sediment 11 Bright Bright Very slight Very slight no sediment no
sediment cloud cloud no sediment no sediment 12 Bright Bright Very
slight Very slight no sediment no sediment cloud cloud no sediment
no sediment 13 Bright Bright Bright Bright no sediment no sediment
no sediment no sediment 16 Bright Bright Bright Bright no sediment
no sediment no sediment no sediment
[0077] These results show that the borate lubricating compositions
that used the PIBSA and mixtures of PIBSA's gave better performance
(less sediment) than the borate lubricating compositions that used
the succinimides.
[0078] Water Tolerance Data for Borates
[0079] In order to measure and quantify the water tolerance and
compatibility properties of the borate lubricating compositions of
this invention, we ran the following procedures listed below.
[0080] In the first procedure, we first blended the borate
lubricating compositions of the present invention at the 3% level
into a typical automotive gear oil formulation comprising, ashless
dispersant, calcium sulfonate, corrosion inhibitor, EP agent,
friction modifier, multifunctional additives, metal deactivator,
etc. This gear oil formulation was then added at the level of 6.5%
to diluent oil to make an 80W90 formulation. This formulation was
then run in a modified L60 test. This test is a standardized test
described in the ASTM Special Technical Publication 512A,
"Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants
Intended for API GL-5 Service STP 512A". This information is
available from ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103. We
modified the L60 test by omitting the copper coupon, eliminating
air bubbling, and plugging the air holes in the gear case assembly.
The gear case assembly was charged with 360 mL oil, and kept at
297.degree. F. for 100 minutes. Then the oil was cooled to
175.degree. F. and 3% water was added. Then the gear case assembly
was held at 175.degree. F. for 12 hours and then the temperature
was increased to 275.degree. F. The oil was kept at 275.degree. F.
for 12 hours, then the oil was drained. After draining the oil, the
deposits were collected, measured, and reported in milliliters. The
collected deposits were rinsed with hexane to remove the oily part,
and then the deposits were measured again and reported in
milliliters. The results from the water tolerance testing of a
number of borate additives are shown in Table 3.
4TABLE 3 Water Tolerance Testing for Borate Lubricating
Compositions Using a Modified L60 Test Deposits Deposits before
after Ex. Metal Dispersant Detergent hexane hexane A K Succinimide
Sulfonate A 3.4 3.4 B K None Sulfonate A 6.6 0.3 C K Succinimide
None 16.2 1.2 D Na Succinimide Sulfonate A 0.1 0 1 K PIBSA (1000)
Sulfonate A 17.6 0.4 2 K PIBSA (1300) Sulfonate A 10.2 0.5 3 K
PIBSA (2300) Sulfonate A 6.0 0.8 4 K PIBSA (1000) None 5.2 1.6 5 K
PIBSA (1300) None 3.6 2.4 6 K PIBSA (2300) None 4.6 1.8 9 Na PIBSA
(2300) Sulfonate A 0.4 0 10 Na PIBSA (1000) None 1.2 1.2 12 Na
PIBSA (2300) None 0 0 Sulfonate A = Calcium low overbased 5 TBN
natural sulfonate
[0081] The data in Table 3 shows that better water tolerance (lower
amount of deposits) was observed when the metal used in the borate
lubricating composition was sodium compared to potassium.
[0082] Additional water tolerance data for the borate lubricating
compositions was obtained by the following procedure. We first
blended the borate lubricating compositions of the present
invention at the 3% level into a typical automotive gear oil
formulation comprising, ashless dispersant, calcium sulfonate,
corrosion inhibitor, EP agent, friction modifier, multifunctional
additives, metal deactivator, etc. This gear oil formulation was
then added at the level of 6.5% to diluent oil to make an 80W90
formulation. Then a mixture of the finished oil and 0.5 weight
percent water was placed in an oven that was held at a temperature
of 60.degree. C. This was inspected for compatibility. The results
of this study are shown in Table 4.
5TABLE 4 Water Tolerance Results for Borate Lubricating
Compositions with 0.5% Water at 60.degree. C. Compatibility Results
Ex. 1 day 5 days 1 week 2 weeks A Very slight Bright Bright Bright
cloudy heavy sediment heavy sediment heavy sediment heavy sediment
(4 mm) (4 mm) (5 mm) (4 mm) D Bright Bright Bright Bright slight
sediment slight sediment slight sediment slight sediment (1 mm) (1
mm) (1 mm) (1 mm) 7 Medium Medium Medium Medium moderate cloud
moderate cloud moderate cloud moderate cloud no sediment very
slight slight sediment slight sediment sediment (1 mm) (1 mm) 8
Medium Medium Medium Medium moderate cloud moderate cloud moderate
cloud moderate cloud no sediment very slight slight sediment slight
sediment sediment (2 mm) (3 mm) 11 Medium Medium Medium Medium
moderate cloud moderate cloud moderate cloud moderate cloud no
sediment very slight slight sediment slight sediment sediment (1
mm) (2 mm) 12 Moderate cloud Moderate cloud Medium Medium no
sediment no sediment moderate cloud moderate cloud very slight very
slight sediment sediment 13 Flock Flock Flock Flock no sediment no
sediment no sediment no sediment
[0083] These results show that the borate lubricating compositions
that used the PIBSA and mixtures of PIBSA gave better performance
(less sediment) than the borate lubricating compositions that used
the succinimides.
[0084] Additionally the water tolerance and performance of
lubricant compositions comprising a mixture of polyalkylene
succinic anhydrides was evaluated. Specifically, the lubricant
composition of this example employs a mixture of PIBSA's made from
1000 and 2300 M.sub.n PIB (polyisobutene). Otherwise, this
composition was identical to that of Example 11 above which is a
borate prepared from a PIBSA made from a 1300 molecular weight PIB.
The data for this composition as compared to that of Example 11 is
shown in Table 5 below. The Coordinating Research Counsel L-33 test
was used for testing and evaluating rust and corrosion inhibiting
properties of the compounds of this invention, see U.S. Pat. No.
4,089,790 incorporated herein by reference. This test utilizes the
compounds of interest in a bench mounted automotive differential
assembly adding water to simulate a severe service in which
corrosion promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor
has accumulated in the axle assembly.
6TABLE 5 Water Tolerance Performance of Sodium Borates Prepared
from Mixtures of PIBSA Ex. PIB M.sub.a Metal L-33 % deposits 11
1300 Na 2 13 1000 + 2300 Na 3 13 1000 + 2300 Na 9 13 1000 + 2300 Na
4 13 1000 + 2300 Na 4
[0085] These results indicate that the composition of Example 13
performs substantially as well as that of Example 11. Other
mixtures of different molecular weights are anticipated to behave
with similar results.
[0086] The performance of lubricant compositions comprising an
alkali metal borate, a polyalkylene succinic anhydride and
different LOB sulfonates (Examples 7 and 14) as well as lubricant
compositions comprising an alkali metal borate, a mixture of
molecular weight polyalkylene succinic anhydrides employing a LOB
sulfonate (Examples 15 and 16). Specifically, the lubricant
compositions of this comparison employ a mixture of PIBSA's made
from either 500+1000+2300 M.sub.n PIB or 1000+2300 M.sub.n PIB and
LOB sulfonate A and are compared to compositions employing a 1000
M.sub.n PIB and LOB sulfonates A or B. Formulations and physical
property data for Examples 7, and 14-16 were previously shown in
Table 1. These borate lubricating compositions were blended at the
3% level into a typical automotive gear oil formulation comprising,
ashless dispersant, calcium sulfonate, corrosion inhibitor, EP
agent, friction modifier, multifunctional additives, metal
deactivator, etc. This gear oil formulation was then added at the
level of 6.5% to diluent oil to make an 80W90 formulation. The data
for these compositions as compared to that of Examples 7 and 14 are
shown in Table 6 below.
7TABLE 6 Water Tolerance Performance of Sodium Borates Prepared
from Mixtures of PIBSA plus a LOB sulfonate. LOB OH:B L-33 % Ex.
No. PIB M.sub.n Sulfonate Metal Ratio deposits Ex. 7 1000 A Na
1.01:1 2 Ex. 7 1000 A Na 0.90:1 4 Ex. 14 1000 B Na 0.85:1 3 Ex. 14
1000 B Na 0.85:1 14 Ex. 15 500 + 1000 + 2300 B Na 1.10:1 2 Ex. 15
500 + 1000 + 2300 B Na 1.10:1 2 Ex. 16 1000 + 2300 B Na 1.01:1 2
Ex. 16 1000 + 2300 B Na 1.06:1 4 Ex. 16 1000 + 2300 B Na 1.06:1 6
LOB Sulfonate A = Calcium low overbased 5 TBN natural sulfonate LOB
Sulfonate B = Calcium low overbased 28 TBN synthetic sulfonate
[0087] The data in Table 6 shows that the lubricant compositions
employing a mixture of PIBSA's plus a LOB sulfonate perform equally
as well as the borate prepared from a single PIBSA plus a LOB
sulfonate.
EXAMPLES 17-23
Preparation of Borates That Contain Oxo Anions
[0088] The procedure for Example A was followed exactly except that
different amounts (based on boric acid) of different oxo anions
were added to the water solution of the boric acid and alkali metal
hydroxide. The chemical and physical properties of these materials
are shown in Table 7.
8TABLE 7 Chemical and Physical Properties that include Oxo Anions %
Met- Oxo an- % % % PSD PSD Ex al anion ion TBN M B N vis 90% 50% 17
K Na.sub.2MoO.sub.3 3 143 8.4 6.5 0.29 16.8 0.59 0.32 18 K
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 3 130 8.3 6.9 0.29 13.9 0.58 0.35 19 K
Na.sub.2WO.sub.3 1 130 8.5 6.7 0.22 14.3 0.54 0.34 20 K
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 + 3+ 153 7.9 6.2 0.44 15.0 0.57 0.35
Na.sub.3PO.sub.4 3 21 K Na.sub.4SiO.sub.4 3 210 9.6 3.9 0.19 16.2
0.51 0.34 22 Na Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 3 140 5.4 6.8 0.25 -- 0.46 0.32 23
K NaNO.sub.3 3 132 8.2 6.6 0.52 15.7 0.38 0.31
[0089] In Table 7, the column "PSD 90%" refers to particle size
distribution and is a measure of particle size wherein at least 90%
of the particles are less than the indicated value, in microns.
Similarly, the column "PSD 50%" measures particle size wherein at
least 50% of the particles are less than the indicated value, in
microns.
[0090] While the present invention has been described with
reference to specific embodiments, this application is intended to
cover those various changes and substitutions that may be made by
those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and
scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *