U.S. patent application number 09/798700 was filed with the patent office on 2002-09-05 for adapter for holding a sample container to facilitate sensing of liquid level in the sample container.
Invention is credited to De Young, Thomas W., Purpura, Paul E..
Application Number | 20020121139 09/798700 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25174057 |
Filed Date | 2002-09-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020121139 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Purpura, Paul E. ; et
al. |
September 5, 2002 |
Adapter for holding a sample container to facilitate sensing of
liquid level in the sample container
Abstract
An adapter for holding a sample container includes a main body
portion and a tapered body portion that forms a continuation of the
main body portion. The tapered body portion includes a mouth
opening that is of lesser diameter than the diameter of the main
body portion. The mouth opening of the adapter is sized to provide
direct support of a sample container which holds a liquid sample.
During liquid level sensing ultrasonic waves from an ultrasound
detector are reflected back to the sound detector as echoes from
the lip flange of the sample container and from the liquid level
within the sample container. The tapered surface of the adapter
deflects sound echoes away from the sound detector. The adapter is
thus invisible to the ultrasound detector. The echo from the liquid
level is a variable duration echo and the echo from the lip flange
of the sample container is a fixed duration echo that is always of
lesser duration than the variable duration echo. Thus the sound
detector can easily recognize the liquid level echo and convert the
characteristics of the liquid level echo to a discernible liquid
level.
Inventors: |
Purpura, Paul E.; (Yorktown,
NY) ; De Young, Thomas W.; (Stormville, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
RODMAN RODMAN
7 SOUTH BROADWAY
WHITE PLAINS
NY
10601
|
Family ID: |
25174057 |
Appl. No.: |
09/798700 |
Filed: |
March 2, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/290V ;
73/864.91 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01N 2035/1025 20130101;
G01N 35/026 20130101; B01L 9/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
73/290.00V ;
73/864.91 |
International
Class: |
B01L 003/00; G01N
037/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An adapter for holding a sample container to facilitate liquid
level sensing in the sample container, said adapter comprising, a)
a generally tubular structure with a main body portion having a
first outside diameter, b) a tapered body portion extending from
said main body portion and having a mouth opening for receiving and
supporting a sample container, the mouth opening having a second
outside diameter that is of lesser magnitude than the first outside
diameter, and c) said tapered body portion having an outer diameter
that increases in magnitude in a direction from said mouth opening
toward the main body portion.
2. The adapter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said tapered body
portion includes an inner surface with spaced projections
projecting radially inwardly from the inner surface to bear against
a sample container of predetermined size received in said mouth
opening of said adapter.
3. The adapter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the main body portion
and the tapered body portion are formed as a one piece integral
structure.
4. The adapter as claimed in claim 3 wherein said main body portion
has bottom portion with a bottom opening.
5. The adapter as claimed in claim 4 wherein the body portion has a
curved semi-spherical shape and said bottom opening is at the
lowermost portion of said curved semi-spherical shape.
6. The adapter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said main body portion
has a closed bottom portion.
7. The adapter as claimed in claim 6 wherein said bottom portion
has a curved semi-spherical shape.
8. The adapter as claimed in claim 1 wherein said main body portion
and said tapered body portion are separately formed and joined
together such that said tapered body portion is a continuous
extension of said main body portion.
9. The adapter as claimed in claim 8 wherein said main body portion
and said tapered body portion are formed of plastic and are joined
together by ultrasonic welding.
10. The adapter as claimed in claim 8 wherein said main body
portion and said tapered body portion are formed of plastic and
connected together at a joint, one of said main body portion and
said tapered body portion including a first lip that projects
radially outwardly and the other of said main body portion and said
tapered body portion including a second lip that projects radially
inwardly, said first and second lips being sized such that they can
bypass each other with slight interference to permit one of said
lips to bypass the other said lip to form an inseparable snap fit
joint between the main body portion and the tapered body
portion.
11. The adapter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tapered body
portion has two distinct tapered sections, one of the tapered
sections having a lesser amount of slope than the other tapered
section.
12. The adapter as claimed in claim 11 wherein the tapered section
with the lesser amount of slope includes the mouth opening.
13. An adapter for holding a sample container to facilitate liquid
level sensing in the sample container, said adapter comprising, a)
a generally tubular structure having an open mouth portion at one
end and a bottom portion at an opposite end, said tubular structure
including a main body section and a tapered body section extending
from said main body section. b) said tapered body section having
the open mouth portion of said tubular structure and a tapered wall
portion that diverges from the open mouth portion to a maximum
diameter where the tapered body section meets the main body
section, and c) said main body section having an outside diameter
that does not exceed the maximum diameter of the tapered body
section.
14. The adapter as claimed in claim 13 wherein the tapered body
portion has two distinct tapered sections, one of the tapered
sections having a lesser amount of slope than the other tapered
section.
15. The adapter as claimed in claim 14 wherein the tapered section
with the lesser amount of slope includes the mouth opening.
16. The adapter as claimed in claim 13 wherein the main body
portion and the tapered body portion are formed as a one piece
integral structure.
17. The adapter as claimed in claim 16 wherein said main body
portion has bottom portion with a bottom opening.
18. The adapter as claimed in claim 13 wherein said main body
portion and said tapered body portion are separately formed and
joined together such that said tapered body portion is a continuous
extension of said main body portion.
19. The adapter as claimed in claim 18 wherein said main body
portion and said tapered body portion are formed of plastic and
connected together at a joint, one of said main body portion and
said tapered body portion including a first lip that projects
radially outwardly and the other of said main body portion and said
tapered body portion including a second lip that projects radially
inwardly, said first and second lips being sized such that they can
bypass each other with slight interference to permit one of said
lips to bypass the other said lip to form an inseparable snap fit
joint between the main body portion and the tapered body
portion.
20. A method of ultrasonically sensing liquid level in a sample
container comprising, a) forming an adapter with a mouth opening
and a tapered body portion that extends below the mouth opening,
the mouth opening being sized to hold an open-mouthed sample
container, b) forming a main body portion of the adapter to extend
below the tapered body portion with a main body diameter that is
larger than the mouth opening of the adapter to permit
accommodation of the adapter in a sample tube rack, c) placing the
sample container in the mouth opening of the adapter such that a
lip flange of the sample container rests on the mouth opening of
the adapter, d) placing the adapter with the sample container in a
sample tube rack such that the elevation of the lip flange of the
sample container in the adapter is at a known height from a
reference level, e) providing an ultrasound detector at a
predetermined elevation above the lip flange of the sample
container when the adapter and sample container are supported in
the sample tube rack, f) directing a first ultrasonic wave from the
ultrasound detector at the sample container and identifying a first
ultrasonic echo from the sample container lip flange based on a
known distance between the ultrasound detector and the lip flange
of the sample container, g) directing a second ultrasonic wave from
the ultrasound detector at liquid level in the sample container and
identifying a second ultrasonic echo as corresponding to the liquid
level in the sample container based on known characteristics of the
first ultrasonic echo and on a difference between the second
ultrasonic echo and the first ultrasonic echo because there is a
greater distance between the ultrasound detector and the liquid
level than between the ultrasound detector and the lip flange of
the sample container, and h) allowing the tapered surface of the
adapter to deflect any ultrasonic echoes from the tapered surface
away from the ultrasonic detector, whereby the adapter permits echo
reflection back to the ultrasonic detector of only the first and
second ultrasonic waves.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to automatic sensing of liquid level
in a sample container, and more particularly to a novel adapter for
holding a sample container to facilitate liquid level sensing, and
a novel method of sensing liquid level in a sample container.
[0002] Ultrasonic liquid level sensing is often used in automatic
sample analysis systems of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,268,167 and 5,399,497. During automated sample analysis a liquid
sample, such as blood serum, is subjected to a variety of tests.
The serum sample, which is used as a source material for the tests,
is usually placed in a relatively small container of fixed
diameter, such as a Microtainer.RTM. tube, since the desired tests
can be performed with relatively small amounts of diluted sample.
For each discrete test on the serum a selected amount of diluted
sample is aspirated from the sample container and combined with a
predetermined amount of reagent to produce a chemical reaction that
corresponds to a distinctive test on the sample.
[0003] The sample tests provide chemical information relating to
different characteristics of the blood to assist in determining the
health or well being of the individual being tested.
[0004] The quantity of sample which is used in each reagent test
must be precisely controlled because test interpretation is based
on an expectation that a predetermined amount of sample is combined
with a predetermined amount of reagent. One known way of ensuring
that the reagent tests are based on selected amounts of sample and
reagent is to measure the sample level in a sample container before
and after each aspiration of sample and to perform corresponding
measurements on the reagent in a reagent container.
[0005] The liquid level measurement information will confirm that
the intended amount of sample has in fact been used in a specific
test. Thus consecutive measurements of sample level in a sample
container provide confirmation that the required amount of liquid
is removed from the sample container for each test. The sample
level measurements for each test also provide an ongoing
determination of the amount of liquid that remains in the sample
container.
[0006] In known sample analysis systems of the type previously
referred to it is common practice to transport one or more sample
containers to different locations in the sample analysis system.
Sample containers are usually transported in sample tube racks that
carry larger diameter tubes than the Microtainer.RTM. tube, such as
Vacutainer.RTM. tubes which have other uses in the sample analysis
system. The sample tube rack preferably maintains tubes of all
sizes in an upright position since the tubes are often in an open
condition.
[0007] In order to simultaneously transport relatively small sample
containers, such as Microtainer.RTM. tubes with other larger
diameter tubes, each Microtainer.RTM. tube is usually supported in
a larger diameter tube . However, because of a great disparity in
size between the Microtainer(t tube and the Vacutainer.RTM. tube it
is necessary to cradle the Microtainer.RTM. tube in an intermediate
holding device such as an Easi-nest.RTM. holder.
[0008] The Easi-nest.RTM. holder, which is open at one end and
closed at the opposite end, has a tapered inside surface that is
sized to bear against the Microtainerg tube when the
Microtainer.RTM. tube is pushed into the Easi-nest.RTM. holder. The
Easi-nest.RTM. holder also has a flange at the mouth portion that
is large enough to rest on the mouth portion of the Vacutainer.RTM.
tube. The support of a Microtainer.RTM. tube in an Easi-nest.RTM.
holder held in a Vacutainer.RTM. tube is referred to herein as a
sample tube support system or a Microtainerg tube support
system.
[0009] The sensing of liquid level in the Microtainer.RTM. tube can
be accomplished while the Microtainer.RTM. tube is supported in an
Easi-nest.RTM. holder and elevated in a Vacutainer.RTM. tube held
in a test tube rack or sample tube rack.
[0010] One known method of sensing liquid level is to employ an
ultrasound detector. The ultrasound detector is located at a
predetermined elevation over the travel path of the sample tube
rack that holds the Microtainer.RTM. tube support system.
[0011] During liquid level sensing the ultrasound detector emits an
ultrasonic wave directed against a horizontal surface of the
Microtainer.RTM. tube support system that is proximate the liquid
level. The ultrasonic wave is reflected as a sound echo from the
horizontal surface back to the ultrasound detector. The
characteristics of the echo are interpreted in a known manner by
the ultrasound detector to indicate the distance between the
ultrasound detector and the surface that reflected or produced the
echo.
[0012] If the echo producing surface is in fact the liquid level in
the Microtainer.RTM. tube than the distance between the liquid
surface and the ultrasound detector can be determined by measuring
the duration of time between the emission of the ultrasound wave
and the receipt of the echo from the liquid level.
[0013] However, when a sample rack includes a Microtainer.RTM. tube
supported in an Easi-nest.RTM. holder and a Vacutainer.RTM. tube it
is difficult to selectively direct an ultrasonic wave against only
the liquid level in the Microtainer.RTM. tube. To deal with this
problem an ultrasonic wave is periodically emitted as the sample
rack passes under the ultrasound detector. Ultrasonic waves are
thus sequentially directed against other horizontal surfaces of the
Microtainer.RTM. tube support system in addition to the liquid
level. These horizontal surfaces include the mouth portion of the
Microtainer.RTM. tube and the mouth portion of the Easi-nest.RTM.
holder.
[0014] Based on a known height of the mouth portion of the
Microtainer.RTM. tube from a reference level we can determine a
first distance between the ultrasound detector and the mouth
portion of the Microtainer.RTM. tube. Also based on a known height
of the mouth portion of the Easi-nest.RTM. holder from the
reference level we can determine a second distance between the
ultrasound detector and the mouth portion of the Easi-nest.RTM.
holder. Thus the mouth portion surfaces of the Microtainer.RTM.
tube and the Easi-nest.RTM. holder can be identified from their
corresponding echoes. The remaining echo would thus be associated
with the liquid level in the Microtainer.RTM. tube.
[0015] Generally the liquid level 110 in a Microtainer.RTM. tube 20
is initially at a higher level than the mouth portion 140 of the
Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 (see FIGS. 10 and 11). However, as liquid
80 is depleted from the Microtainer.RTM. tube 20 the liquid level
110 recedes toward the mouth level 140 of the Easi-nest.RTM. holder
132. When liquid level 110 in the Microtainer.RTM. tube 20 closely
approaches the level of the mouth portion 140 of the Easi-nest.RTM.
holder 132 it becomes difficult to distinguish between the echo
from the liquid level 110 in the Microtainer.RTM. tube 20 and the
echo from the mouth portion 140 of the Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132.
Thus there is a range of liquid level 110 in the Microtainer.RTM.
tube 20 that can be confused with the level of the mouth portion
140 of the Easinest.RTM. holder 132 which can lead to errors in
liquid level sensing.
[0016] It is thus desirable to provide a sample tube support
structure for a sample container such as a Microtainert.RTM. tube
that facilitates distinguishing a liquid level surface echo from an
echo produced by a structural surface of the Microtainer.RTM. tube
support system.
[0017] Another problem in measuring liquid level in a
Microtainer.RTM. tube supported in an Easi-nest.RTM. holder is that
the amount by which a Microtainer.RTM. tube projects from an
Easi-nest.RTM. holder may vary due to manufacturing tolerances.
Inconsistent positioning of the Microtainer.RTM. tube in the
Easi-nest.RTM. holder is also common because the Microtainer.RTM.
tube is usually manually pushed into snug engagement with the
tapered surface of the Easi-nest.RTM. holder and there is no fixed
stop position for the Microtainer.RTM. tube in the Easi-nest(g)
holder. It is thus desirable to provide a Microtainer.RTM. tube
support system wherein the Microtainer.RTM. tube is always located
in the same position in the support system.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0018] Among the several objects of the invention may be noted the
provision of a novel support system or adapter for holding a sample
tube container or Microtainer.RTM. tube in a sample rack to
facilitate liquid level sensing in the sample container, a novel
adapter for holding a sample container to facilitate liquid level
sensing in the sample container by an ultrasound detector, a novel
adapter having a reduced diameter mouth portion to provide direct
support for a sample container, a novel adapter for direct support
of a sample container without an intermediate support device
between the sample container and the adapter, a novel adapter that
directly supports a sample container at a lip flange of the sample
container, a novel adapter having a body structure that diverts
ultrasound wave echoes away from the ultrasound detector, a novel
adapter having a body portion with a tapered section to divert
ultrasonic wave echoes away from the ultrasound detector, a novel
adapter that holds a sample container and is substantially
invisible to an ultrasound detector to enable the ultrasound
detector to receive only the sound echoes from the lip flange of
the sample container and from the liquid level in the sample
container and not receive echoes from any other structure of the
sample tube support system, and a novel method of ultrasonically
sensing liquid level in a sample container.
[0019] Other objects and features of the invention will be in part
apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
[0020] In accordance with the invention an adapter for holding a
sample container is a generally tubular structure having a main
body portion and a tapered body portion. The main body portion
preferably has a fixed diameter. The tapered body portion extends
from the main body portion to a mouth opening that is of lesser
diameter than the main body portion. The tapered body portion has
an outer diameter that increases in magnitude in a direction from
the mouth opening toward the main body portion.
[0021] The mouth opening of the adapter is sized to receive a
relatively small diameter sample container such that a lip portion
or lip flange of the sample container rests upon the mouth opening
of the adapter. The tapered body portion of the adapter includes
inner surface projections that bear slightly against the sample
container when it is received in the mouth opening of the
adapter.
[0022] In some embodiments of the invention the adapter is formed
as a two piece structure with one component being the tapered body
portion and the other component being the main body portion.
[0023] In another embodiment of the invention the adapter has an
enlarged bottom opening. The adapter can thus be formed as a one
piece integral structure.
[0024] In one embodiment of the invention the main body portion and
the tapered body portion are joined together at a snap fit joint.
The snap fit joint includes a first lip that projects radially
outwardly of the one of the main body portion and the tapered body
portion and a second lip that projects radially inwardly of the
other of the main body portion and the tapered body portion. Thus
the main body portion and the tapered body portion can bypass each
other with slight interference to permit one the lips to bypass the
other lip to form an inseparable snap fit joint between the main
body portion and the tapered body portion.
[0025] In a further embodiment of the invention the main body
portion and the tapered body portion are joined together at
complementary shaped step portions formed at the joint.
[0026] In some embodiments of the invention the bottom portion of
the adapter has a curved semi-spherical shape.
[0027] In several embodiments of the invention the tapered body
portion of the adapter has two distinct tapered sections. One of
the two tapered sections has a lesser amount of slope than the
other tapered section. Preferably the tapered section with the
lesser amount of slope includes the mouth opening of the
adapter.
[0028] When a sample container is provided with serum and placed in
the adapter the entire body portion of the sample container is
received in the adapter. Thus only the lip flange of the sample
container rests upon the mouth opening of the adapter.
[0029] The main body portion of the adapter can be of the same
diameter as that of a standard size test tube and placed in a
sample tube rack with other test tubes of standard diameter. The
rack can be transported below an ultrasound detector for purposes
of liquid level sensing. The ultrasound detector emits sound waves
that are reflected back to the detector as echoes from only the
mouth portion of the sample container and the liquid level within
the sample container.
[0030] Any ultrasonic waves that reach the tapered body portion of
the adapter are reflected away from the sound detector. Therefore,
the sound detector does not receive any echoes from the adapter and
consequently does not recognize any surfaces of the adapter. The
adapter is thus essentially invisible to the ultrasound
detector.
[0031] Since the lip flange of the sample container is always at
the same position in the adapter the sound detector can always
recognize the lip flange of the sample container based on the echo
it produces. The only other echo received by the sound detector is
from the liquid level surface which is always below the lip flange
of the sample container. Therefore the sound detector can clearly
distinguish between the echo from the liquid level surface and the
echo from the lip flange of the sample container. The sound
detector can also clearly distinguish any echoes from the sample
rack, which are substantially weaker than the echoes from the
sample container and the liquid level.
[0032] Since no other echoes from the adapter or the sample
container are received by the sound detector the adapter provides a
reliable means for facilitating the sensing of liquid level in the
sample container.
[0033] The invention accordingly comprises the constructions and
methods hereinafter described, the scope of the invention being
indicated in the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0034] In the drawings,
[0035] FIG. 1 is a simplified perspective view an adapter
incorporating one embodiment of the invention, the adapter
supporting a sample container and being shown exploded from a
sample tube rack with test tubes and other similar adapters;
[0036] FIG. 2 is an elevational view thereof on a sample rack
partly shown in section and positioned below an ultrasonic sound
detector;
[0037] FIG. 3 is a simplified elevational view thereof in sequence
with other sample racks being transported below the ultrasound
detector;
[0038] FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view thereof;
[0039] FIG. 5. is a sectional view thereof taken on line 5-5 of
FIG. 4;
[0040] FIG. 6 is a sectional view thereof taken on line 6-6 of FIG.
5;
[0041] FIG. 7 is an exploded view thereof;
[0042] FIG. 8 is an enlarged exploded sectional view thereof
without the sample container;
[0043] FIG. 9 is an enlarged schematic elevational view thereof
partly shown in section during ultrasound liquid level sensing;
[0044] FIGS. 10 and 11 are elevational views, partly shown in
section, of a prior art sample container support system during
ultrasound liquid level sensing;
[0045] FIG. 12 is a simplified perspective view of another
embodiment thereof;
[0046] FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view thereof;
[0047] FIG. 14 is an exploded view thereof,
[0048] FIG. 15 is a sectional view thereof taken on the line 15-15
of FIG. 12;
[0049] FIG. 16 is a sectional view thereof taken on the line 16-16
of FIG. 15;
[0050] FIG. 17 is a sectional view of another embodiment thereof
and;
[0051] FIG. 18 is a sectional view thereof taken on the line 18-18
of FIG. 17.
[0052] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0053] Referring to the drawings, especially FIGS. 1 and 4-8, an
adapter incorporating one embodiment of the invention is generally
indicated by the reference number 10.
[0054] The adapter 10 is a generally tubular structure preferably
formed of plastic, such as clear polystyrene. The adapter 10
includes a top end with a mouth opening 12 defined by a lip portion
14 (FIG. 7) and a bottom end with a closed hemi-spherical portion
16.
[0055] The mouth opening 12 of the adapter 10 is sized to
accommodate a relatively small tubular sample container 20, such as
a Microtainer.RTM. tube. The sample container 20 has a mouth
opening 22 (FIG. 7) defined by a lip flange 24 and a closed bottom
portion 26. The sample container 20 also has a body portion 28 of
fixed diameter that is accommodated in the mouth opening 12 of the
adapter 10 to permit the lip flange 24 of the sample container 20
to rest upon the lip portion 14 of the adapter 10 as shown in FIG.
5.
[0056] The adapter 10 has a main body portion 30 with a fixed
diameter and a tapered body portion 36 that extends from the main
body portion 36 to the mouth opening 12. The tapered body portion
36 has an outer wall 38 with a diameter that increases in a
direction from the mouth opening 12 toward the main body portion
30.
[0057] A joint 40 (FIG. 8) connects an upper end 46 of the main
body portion 30 and a lower end 48 of the tapered body portion 36.
The joint 40 includes an annular lip 42 on the main body portion 30
that projects radially outwardly from an annular recess 44 at the
upper end 46 of the main body portion 30.
[0058] The joint 40 also includes an internal annular recess 50
(FIG. 8) formed at the lower end 48 of the tapered body portion 36.
The annular recess 50 defines an annular ledge surface 60. An
annular lip portion 54 spaced slightly below the annular ledge 60
projects radially inwardly from the annular recess 50. The annular
lip portion 54 includes a generally horizontal upper surface 56 and
an upwardly inclined lower surface 58.
[0059] The annular lip portion 42 on the main body portion 30 and
the annular lip portion 54 on the tapered body portion 36 are sized
such that the lip portion 42 is movable against the inclined lower
surface 56 of the lip portion 54 with slight interference to bypass
the lip portion 54 and become locked in position between the
horizontal upper surface 56 and the ledge 60 of the annular recess
50 (FIG. 5).
[0060] The joint 40 connecting the tapered body portion 36 and the
main body portion 30 is an inseparable snap fit joint.
[0061] The tapered body portion 36 preferably has two distinct
tapered sections 70 and 72 (FIG. 8), with the tapered section 70
having a lesser amount of slope than the tapered section 72. Three
equally spaced projections 74 (FIG. 8) are formed on an inner
surface 76 of the tapered body portion 36 to project inwardly a
predetermined amount from the inner surface 76. The projections 74
are preferably formed at a junction 78 between the tapered sections
70 and 72. The projections 74 are sized to make slight contact with
the body portion 26 of the sample container 20 when the sample
container 20 is positioned in the adapter 10 as shown in FIG. 5.
Thus the sample container 20, when inserted in the adapter 10, is
gently detented therein by engagement of the projections 74 against
the body portion 26 of the sample container 20. The force of the
projections 74 against the body portion 26 of the sample container
20 is easily overcome to ensure that the lip flange 24 of the
sample container 20 can rest upon the lip portion 14 of the adapter
10.
[0062] In using the adapter 10 a sample container 20 containing
serum 80 that is to be subjected to sample analysis is supported in
the adapter 10 as shown in FIG. 9. The adapter 10 is supported in a
sample rack 82 (FIGS. 1 and 9) of the type shown in U.S. Des. Pat.
No. 421,130. The rack 82 is adapted to be automatically transported
in a sample analysis system along a known transport device 84 (FIG.
3).
[0063] As shown in FIGS. 1-3 the rack 82 can hold a plurality of
adapters 10, with each adapter holding a sample container 20 with
serum 80. The serum 80 in each sample container 20 is usually taken
from a different test subject or individual. The sample rack 82 can
also hold standard size test tubes 90 containing reagents,
diluents, or other materials generally indicated by the reference
number 92 that are used at different locations in the sample
analysis system and are transported to such locations with the
sample rack 82.
[0064] During sample analysis or testing of the serum 80 in a
selected sample container 20 a predetermined amount of serum is
aspirated (not shown) for each test in a battery of tests that are
to be performed. A measurement of liquid level 110 (FIG. 9) is made
before and after each aspiration of serum sample 80 to confirm that
a requisite amount of sample is aspirated and also to determine the
amount of serum 80 that remains in the sample container 20 after
each aspiration.
[0065] Referring to FIG. 3 the liquid level measurement is
performed using a known ultrasound detector 100 that is positioned
over the transport device 84 that transports the sample racks 82.
Before ultrasound testing is carried out the ultrasound detector
100 is provided with a series of input parameters. For example, the
lip flange 24 (FIG. 9) of the sample container 20 is always at a
fixed height "L" from a selected reference level. The lip flange 24
is thus always at a fixed distance "M" from the ultrasound detector
100 (FIG. 9).
[0066] Referring to FIG. 9 the liquid level 110 of the serum 80 in
the sample container 20 is always below the level of the lip flange
24. The liquid level 110 is thus always at a distance (N) from the
ultrasound detector 100 that is greater than the distance (M)
between the detector 100 and the lip flange 24 of the sample
container 20.
[0067] The ultrasound detector 100 emits an ultrasonic wave
directed, for example, at an adapter 10 that passes directly below
the detector 100. When an ultrasonic wave 102 hits the horizontal
surface of the lip flange 24 an echo 104 is produced and reflected
back to the ultrasound detector 100. The ultrasound detector 100
can determine the distance of the echo producing surface (the lip
flange 24) from the ultrasound detector 100 based on the duration
of time between emission of the ultrasonic wave and reception of
the echo 104.
[0068] Thus an echo 104 from the lip flange 24 of the sample
container 20 will always correspond to the distance M between the
lip flange 24 of the sample container 24 and the detector 100.
[0069] When the ultrasound detector 100 produces a wave 108 (FIG.
9) that reaches the liquid level 110 in the sample container 20 an
echo 112 is reflected back to the detector 100. The echo 1 12
corresponds to the distance "N" between the liquid level 1 10 and
the sound detector 100. Since the distance "N" differs from and is
greater than the distance "M" the sound detector will recognize the
distance "N" as representing liquid level.
[0070] It should be noted that the echo 112 corresponding to the
distance "N" will always be within a known range of liquid levels.
Thus the sound detector 100 can reliably interpret the echo 112 as
corresponding to the distance "N" which represents liquid
level.
[0071] Any ultrasonic waves from the ultrasound detector 100 that
reach the tapered surface 38 of the tapered body portion 36 will
reflect away from the sound detector 100. Thus the sound detector
100 will not receive an echo from sound waves that hit the tapered
surface 38. Therefore the tapered surface 38 of the adapter 10 is
essentially invisible to the ultrasound detector 100.
[0072] Under this arrangement the adapter 10 with the sample tube
20 presents only two surfaces to the detector 100 that produce a
detectable echo, namely the lip flange surface 24 of the sample
container 20 and the liquid level surface 110 within the sample
container 20. Consequently the sound detector 100 can easily
determine which of the two echoes 104 and 112 represent liquid
level 110 and which echo does not represent liquid level, because
the lip flange echo 104 is always constant and of lesser duration
than the liquid level echo 112.
[0073] Significant problems in distinguishing liquid level are
evident from the prior art sample tube support system 130 shown in
FIGS. 10 and 11 wherein the sample containers 20 in FIGS. 10 and 11
each contain the same amount of the serum 80.
[0074] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11 the known sample tube support
system 130 includes a sample container 20, such as a
Microtainer.RTM. tube, supported in an Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132
which in turn is supported in a Vacutainer.RTM. tube 134. The
Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 includes a tapered inner surface 138 that
bears against the body portion 26 of the sample container 20, when
the sample container 20 is accommodated in the Easi-nest.RTM.
holder 132.
[0075] The height of Vacutainer.RTM. tubes 34 are substantially
uniform. The Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 is of substantially uniform
size and shape and dimension but the inside tapered surface 138 can
deviate from a norm due to manufacturing tolerances. The sample
tube container 20 is of substantially uniform dimensions. However,
the amount by which sample container 20 is recessed into the
Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 can vary significantly (compare H and H'
in FIGS. 10 and 11) due to tolerances of the tapered surface 138
and inconsistencies in the manual force used to push the sample
tube container 20 into the Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132.
[0076] The distance K (FIGS. 10 and 11) between lip flange 140 of
the Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 and the detector 100 is substantially
constant due to the uniform height of the Vacutainer.RTM. tube 134
and the uniform thickness of the lip flange 140 which rests on the
mouth portion of the Vacutainer.RTM. tube 134. However, the height
H of the sample tube 20 from a reference level in FIG. 10 differs
from the reference level height H' of the sample tube 20 in FIG. 11
to illustrate that there is no consistency in the amount by which
the sample tube 20 is pushed into the Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132.
Thus the distance I between the sample tube lip flange 24 and the
detector 100 in FIG. 10 is less than the corresponding distance I'
in FIG. 11. Consequently similar liquid levels 110 in FIGS. 10 and
11 can have different distances J and J' (FIGS. 10 and 11) from the
sound detector 100.
[0077] When the sound detector 100 receives an echo from the lip
flange 24 of the sample container 20 in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 the
echoes will not be of the same duration because the lip flange 24
in FIG. 10 is at a closer distance (I) to the sound detector 100
than the lip flange 24 in FIG. 11 which is at a greater distance
I'.
[0078] The sound detector 100 will also receive an echo from the
liquid level surface 110 of the serum 80 in FIGS. 10 and 11. As
serum 80 is depleted from the sample container 20 the liquid level
110 will approach the level of the lip flange 140 of the
Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132. Thus there can be confusion between an
echo from the lip flange 140 of the Easi-nest.RTM. holder 132 and
an echo from the liquid level 110. The problems in sensing liquid
level in the prior art sample tube support systems 130 shown in
FIGS. 10 and 11 are manifest because the systems 130 present at
least three horizontal surfaces that reflect echoes back to the
sound detector 100, namely the lip flange 24 of the sample
container, the liquid level 110 and the lip flange 140 of the
Easi-nest.RTM. holder. Since the echo produced by the liquid level
110 can be confused with the echo produced by the lip flange 140 of
the Easi-nest.RTM. holder liquid level sensing in the prior art
sample tube support system 130 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is not
reliable.
[0079] A sample tube adapter incorporating another embodiment of
the invention is generally indicated by the reference number 150 in
FIG. 12.
[0080] The sample tube adapter 150 includes a main body portion 152
and a tapered body portion 154. An upper end of the main body
portion 152 and a lower end of the tapered body portion 154 include
complementary shaped step portions 156 and 158. An ultrasonic
welding ridge 160 is provided at one of the step portions such as
the step portion 158. The main body portion 152 and the tapered
body portion 154 of the sample tube adapter 150 are connected by
ultrasonic welding of the step portions 156 and 158 in a known
manner. The sample tube adapter 150 is otherwise structurally
similar to the sample tube adapter 10 and supports a sample
container 20 in the same manner as the sample tube adapter 10.
[0081] Still another embodiment of the sample tube adapter is
generally indicated by the reference number 170 in FIG. 17. The
sample tube adapter 170 is a one piece structure that includes a
bottom opening 172, a tapered body portion 174 and a main body
portion 176. The adapter 170 is otherwise similar in structure to
the adapter 10 or the adapter 150 and supports a sample container
20 in the same manner as the sample tube adapter 10.
[0082] Some advantages of the invention evident from the foregoing
description include a sample tube adapter that supports a sample
container at a constant known elevation. The adapter and sample
container reflect back to an ultrasound detector only one echo from
a structural surface, namely the lip flange of the sample container
and only one echo from the liquid level in the sample container
that is supported by the adapter. Thus the ultrasound detector can
reliably distinguish liquid level from the lip flange since the
echo from the liquid level is always of longer duration than the
echo from the lip flange.
[0083] Another advantage of the invention is that the adapter has a
tapered surface that deflects any ultrasound waves that hit the
tapered surface away from the sound detector so that the sound
detector does not detect any echoes from the tapered surface
portion of the adapter. No other surface portions of the adapter
reflect echoes back to the ultrasound detector. The adapter is thus
invisible to the ultrasound detector. Still another advantage of
the invention is that the adapter will always support the sample
container at a consistent known height. Another advantage of the
adapter is that it directly supports the sample container and
eliminates the need for any intermediate support device between the
sample container and the adapter. A further advantage is that the
adapter provides a simple and novel method for liquid level
sensing, eliminates guess work and confusion and is thus more
reliable than known prior art methods for sensing liquid level in a
sample container.
[0084] In view of the above it will be seen that the several
objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous
results attained. As various changes can be made in the above
constructions and methods without departing from the scope of the
invention it is intended that all matter contained in the above
description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *