U.S. patent application number 09/771141 was filed with the patent office on 2002-08-01 for watertight housing for electrical devices.
Invention is credited to Rittmann, Albert D., Rittmann, Kenneth W..
Application Number | 20020100599 09/771141 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25090853 |
Filed Date | 2002-08-01 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020100599 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rittmann, Kenneth W. ; et
al. |
August 1, 2002 |
WATERTIGHT HOUSING FOR ELECTRICAL DEVICES
Abstract
The invention is a watertight plastic housing for an electrical
device, having a base 2, a lid 12 of a size and shape to be
friction-induced welded 13 to base 2. The housing has a fixed
male-threaded nipple 1, which is hollow (opening 5), permitting
wires 10 to pass through a housing wall. When the housing base is
friction-induced welded to the lid, a prior art washer is
externally seated on the nipple, the nipple is inserted into a hole
15 of a prior art junction box 16, and the nipple is secured to the
junction box with a prior art nut, the housing and
housing-to-junction box substantially provides a watertight
seal.
Inventors: |
Rittmann, Kenneth W.;
(Kokomo, IN) ; Rittmann, Albert D.; (Kokomo,
IN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Albert D. Rittmann
Functional Devices, Inc.
310 S. Union Street
Russiaville
IN
46979
US
|
Family ID: |
25090853 |
Appl. No.: |
09/771141 |
Filed: |
January 26, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/50.56 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10S 248/906 20130101;
H05K 5/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
174/50.56 |
International
Class: |
H05K 005/06 |
Claims
I claim:
1. A watertight plastic housing for containing an electrical
device, and for availing connection of said device to an external
entity by wires transcending from inside to outside said housing,
comprising: a plastic base having a bottom wall, and a plurality of
contiguous side walls, a first lip supported by the said plurality
of contiguous side walls, a lid having a top wall and a peripheral
second lip, said second lip confronting said first lip in such a
manner that they can be bonded to each other, a male-threaded
nipple fixed to a wall of said housing, and said nipple being
hollow, permitting wires to pass through said housing wall to said
external entity.
2. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein, said external
entity is a junction box, and when said second lip is
friction-induced welded to said first lip, a prior art washer is
externally seated on said nipple, said nipple is inserted into a
hole of a prior art junction box, and said nipple is secured to
said junction box with a prior art nut, said housing and said
housing to said junction box substantially provides a watertight
seal.
3. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said lid is
transparent.
4. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said base is
transparent.
5. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said lid is
translucent.
6. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said base is
translucent.
7. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said lid is
partially translucent, partially transparent and partially
opaque.
8. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said base is
partially translucent, partially transparent and partially
opaque.
9. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said
electrical device includes a relay.
10. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein said
electrical device includes a transformer.
11. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein, said
external entity is a conduit.
12. The watertight plastic housing of claim 11 wherein, when said
second lip is friction-induced welded to said first lip; a prior
art washer is externally seated on said nipple; said nipple is
inserted into a hole of a prior art connection means; and said
nipple is secured to a prior art M/F body, prior art rubber seal,
and prior art female end nut; said housing and said housing to said
conduit substantially provides a watertight seal.
13. The watertight plastic housing of claim 1 wherein, said
external entity is a jacketed cable.
14. The watertight plastic housing of claim 13 wherein, when said
second lip is friction-induced welded to said first lip; a prior
art washer is externally seated on said nipple; said nipple is
inserted into a hole of a prior art connection means; and said
nipple is secured to a prior art M/F body, prior art rubber seal,
and prior art female end nut; said housing and said housing to said
jacketed cable substantially provides a watertight seal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to boxes and housings with electric
device or mounting means therefor; coupling or mounting means, with
stud or nipple and box supporting means. The invention also relates
to sealed with box supporting means; or conduit or cable opening,
coupling means or hole closures, and/or covers or face plates with
closure for face plate opening.
[0002] There are instances when electrical equipment must be
protected from moisture and dust. NEMA4 and NEMA4X are standards by
NEMA* for electrical enclosures that do not allow the ingress of
moisture and/or dust. Enclosures that satisfy both NEMA4 and NEMA4X
are referred to as satisfying NEMA4/4X. Prior art NEMA4 and NEMA4X
housings are available with a lid, base, and gasket, attached by
means of several screws. An example of such prior art, with an
electrical device inside, can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,239,129,
entitled HOUSING FOR SWITCHED ELECTRICAL RECEPTACLE OR THE LIKE, by
Alfred L. Ehrenfels, Aug. 24, 1993, FIGS. 3, 5 and 6 (discussed on
p.5, lines 16-18). For a NEMA4 seal, all screws must be outside of
the lid-to-base sealing gasket. [Screw-holes are often placed
within the perimeter of the rectangular shape to reduce overall
housing size. When inside the rectangular box, the four screw holes
take up limited housing space.] The narrow gasket (narrow in order
to not enlarge the housing wall thickness) is difficult and
expensive to produce. Setting this specialized gasket is
labor-intensive: It is hard to place the rubbery gasket (82) into
the narrow rectangular channel (80) of the base, especially at it's
sharp inverted corners near the screw holes. The gasket can shift
or fold, especially when compressing the gasket/screwing down the
lid.
[0003] The wire feed-out arrangement using prior art housings is
labor-intensive: An attached externally-threaded conduit and two
internally threaded nuts (65-67) secure through the housings hole
(conduit opening 39). The junction box side, to which the device is
to be attached, then requires an equal number of operations, plus
another two additional internally threaded nuts. So
housing-to-junction-box attachment requires an extensive number of
hand-screwing operations. For a watertight seal, a washer-gasket
would also be attached between the housing and external nut 66.
[0004] Another (simpler) mounting arrangement is shown in Prior Art
FIG. 1, Housing base 82 knock-out 85 is punched out (like with a
screwdriver/hammer), nut 88 is screwed inside onto close-nipple 81,
and electronics 89 are inserted. [A close-nipple is the given name
of the short, male metal nipple piece, with beveled ends, as
pictured.] As the electronics are so packed in the small housing,
wires 90 can get scraped when angularly fed (from strain-relief
fold-over: drawn as a loop) through occasionally-internally-sharp
metal nipple 81. Often there is barely room for the electronics,
strain-relief, fold-over, and the nut; making nut retainment very
difficult. The nut must be turned or held in place in very cramped
quarters of the housing. Without an exterior nut, close-nipple 81
is still loose against the housing when shipped to the installer.
Lastly, lid 92, with gasket 94, is 4-screwed (screw posts 83 and 84
shown) to the housing base.
[0005] Though the housing may meet NEMA4 standards when it leaves
the manufacturer, its water-seal is easily compromised at
installation: An installer must slide rubber washer 87 over the
close-nipple, all the way to outer surface of housing base 82,
extend the close-nipple through the opened junction-box knock-out,
hold the housing tight against wall of junction box 86, and
apply/tighten nut 91. If the washer isn't fully seated, or the
nipple is not held tight to the junction box, the washer can end up
a distance away from the housing, therein not water-sealing the
junction. The problem is the close-nipple can be loose, with the
nut loose, against the inner surface of the housing when the
installer gets it (close-nipple 81 only secured by internal nut
88). If the close-nipple is not pulled out tight from the housing,
and isn't held exactly perpendicular to the housing while pushing
on the washer, the washer won't be seated properly.
[0006] The nipple tends to be sizeably smaller in diameter than a
junction-box knock-out. The rubbery washer may float with respect
to the junction box and housing. As the junction box nut is
tightened, the washer can squish into the clearance space between
the outside surface of the close-nipple and the inside surface of
the junction box knock-out. This will trap and deform the washer,
further compromising the water-seal. [The gasket can start out a
distance from the housing and it could be caught between the inside
diameter of the knockout and the outside diameter of the
close-nipple.]
[0007] If a nut restraint were molded into a prior-art housing at a
knock-out, that would prevent prior-art seating problems, but such
a restraint would take up valuable housing space (which is why no
such housing is known to exist)
[0008] Again, as the wires are pulled through, the close-nipple's
potentially-sharp internal comers can scrape off insulation. [This
can cause the electrical grounding of the affected wires, and/or
cause a malfunction of the overall system.]
[0009] In all, the installer is mainly concerned with feeding
through and screwing down the wires leading out of the housing into
the junction box. Because of this, the difficulty of securing the
housing properly may often lead to a compromised watertight
seal.
[0010] Prior-art NEMA4/4X enclosures are available with an opaque
base and with an opaque, transparent or translucent lid, with the
gasket retained by lid or base.
[0011] Another prior-art method of forming a NEMA4/4x seal is
applying a rubber-like material that cures to form a gasket, often
with a hypodermic needle. This can be labor intensive and leave
globs of material on the outside of the housing. Even with a cured
gasket, the lid is still secured with screws.
[0012] There are various methods of welding plastic parts, one to
another. Some of these methods utilize friction-induced heating to
momentarily melt the plastic while the parts are held together.
When the friction-induced heating is discontinued, the plastic
rapidly hardens to provide a watertight seal between the two parts.
These methods include but are not limited to Ultrasonic Welding,
Linear Vibration Welding, Orbital Vibration Welding, and Spin
Welding. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods
of welding are taught in the referenced sales literature of
Branson--Applied Technologies Group*****. The term
`friction-induced welding` is used for all of these welding methods
in text and claims.
[0013] There are a multitude of prior art energy director
configurations for ultrasonic plastic welds. An example of a prior
art energy director configuration can be seen in U.S. Pat. No.
5,148,347; entitled Polymer-Encased Electrical Capacitor with
Pressure Sensitive Circuit Interrupter, by Michael E. Cox, Sep. 15,
1992. Also the prior art energy director configurations are taught
in the referenced Branson Ultrasonics Corporations Technical
Information PW-3****.
[0014] Functional Devices, the Assignee of this patent, has
prior-art produced a variety of opaque plastic housings with
attached nipples**, including their Model RIBU1C (a pre-assembled
relay in a housing). [An indicating LED (light emitting diode) also
protrudes from a hole in this housing.] Such devices/housings were
not NEMA4 rated, have no gasket between the base and the lid, and
their lids were secured with as little as one screw. [Such a screw
was positioned inside of the housing cavity area, thereby making
the NEMA4 rating impossible.] In the past, other manufacturers have
made plastic housings with nipples. Currently Functional Devices,
and a competitor, [who began exactly reproducing Functional Devices
RIBU1C product-plus-housing four years ago], manufacture nippled
housings for relays, responders and the like.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0015] The invention is a watertight plastic housing for an
electrical device, having a base 2, a lid 12 of a size and shape to
be friction-induced welded 13 to base 2. The housing has a fixed
male-threaded nipple 1, which is hollow (opening 5), permitting
wires 10 to pass through a housing wall. When the housing base is
bonded to the lid, a prior art washer is externally seated on the
nipple, the nipple is inserted into a hole 15 of a prior art
junction box 16, and the nipple is secured to the junction box with
a prior art nut 8, the housing and housing-to-junction box
substantially provides a watertight seal.
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0016] This water-seal enclosure invention provides relief from the
high cost of manufacturing a gasket; and multiple conduit, washer,
and pipe parts. The invention provides relief from intensive
labor/cost: punching out the knockout of the housing, screwing
together the housing/conduit/washer,/pipe parts, seating the
gasket, and 4-screwing the lid down.
[0017] The elimination of the sharp metal close-nipple eliminates
the scraping of insulation off of fed-through wires. The
elimination of the gasket reduces the possibility of errors in its
seating. The absence of possible scraping and water-seal
(washer-seating) errors at installation greatly reduces the
possibility of system errors and failures.
[0018] Replacing the loosely held close-nipple with a fixed nipple
and placing the washer on the nipple under controlled manufacturing
conditions assures that the washer won't float and likely won't
catch/deform/compromise the seal at the junction box.
[0019] Because a wide surface of the housing butts directly up
against the junction box, the box's washer won't float and likely
won't catch/deform/compromise the seal at the box. Because the
lid-attachment screws have been eliminated, the enclosure has more
internal space.
[0020] The lid's lip centers precicely to the base lip, unlike lids
with gaskets. A housing base lip for a friction-induced weld can
have radially thinner housing lips than housings made to use
gaskets [A peripheral friction-induced weld base needs only an
inner ledge, whereas a gasket needs a trench to retain the
gasket.]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a prior art housing-to-box attachment,
cross-sectional view
[0022] FIG. 2 shows an installed housing-to-junction box
attachment, cross-sectional view.
[0023] FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of FIG. 2 with an electrical
device
[0024] FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a housing base, top perspective
view
[0025] FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a housing base, with feed-through
holes, top perspective view
[0026] FIG. 6 is an embodiment of a housing lid, to mate with base
in FIG. 4, bottom perspective view
[0027] FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a housing lid, to mate with base
in FIG. 5, bottom perspective view
[0028] FIG. 8 shows an installed housing-conduit attachment,
cross-sectional view.
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTATIONS
[0029] 1 is a male nipple
[0030] 2 is a housing base
[0031] 3 is a feed-through screw hole
[0032] 4 is a feed-through screw hole
[0033] 5 is a nipple opening
[0034] 7 is a rubber washer
[0035] 8 is a nut
[0036] 9 is an electrical device
[0037] 10 are wires
[0038] 12 is a housing lid wall
[0039] 13 is a friction-induced weld
[0040] 14 is an energy director
[0041] 15 is a junction box knock-out
[0042] 16 is a junction box
[0043] 17 is a base/first lip
[0044] 18 is a lid/second lip
[0045] 21 is a M/F threaded body
[0046] 22 is an end nut
[0047] 23 is a rubber seal
[0048] 24 is a conduit
[0049] 81 is a close-nipple
[0050] 82 is a housing base
[0051] 83 is a screw post
[0052] 84 is a screw post
[0053] 85 is a housing knock-out
[0054] 86 is a junction box
[0055] 87 is a rubber washer
[0056] 88 is a housing nut
[0057] 89 is an electrical device
[0058] 90 are wires
[0059] 91 is a junction box nut
[0060] 92 is a lid
[0061] 94 is a gasket
[0062] Notations a and b describe different embodiments of the
invention. (No sub-letter indicates all versions of the
invention.)
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0063] 1. Description of One Embodiment of the Invention
[0064] FIG. 2 shows an installed watertight
enclosure/housing-to-junction box attachment, cross-sectional view.
The enclosure/housing has housing base 2 with fixed male nipple 1,
lid 12, and friction-induced weld 13. Prior-art nut 8, washer 7,
junction box 16, and junction box knock-out 15 are noted. Weld 13
is actually drawn as the point of an energy director before a
weld.
[0065] FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of FIG. 2 with an electrical
device. The manufacturer simply places washer 7 over nipple 1,
feeds wire(s) 10 through opening 5 of nipple 1, lowers electrical
device 9 into base. 2, and bonds lid 12 onto base 2. The installer
punches/drills out box knockout 15, slips nipple 1 into the
knock-out, slips on/screws down nut 8, then connects the free end
of wire(s) 10 (often to junction box terminals).
[0066] The washer forms a seal between the junction box and the
face of the housing, concluding a water-tight seal for the housed
device up to the internal side of the junction box. As the junction
box's water-tightness is not within the inspection of the housed
device manufacture, it is not claimed.
[0067] 2. Description of Other Embodiments of the Invention
[0068] Embodiment parts of a housing of the invention are shown in
FIGS. 4 through 7.
[0069] FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a housing base, top perspective
view. Base 2a and nipple 1a are noted. Base/first lip 17a is
peripheral to the cavity of the base, and supported by a plurality
of side walls. The base/first lip can be said to be substantially
opposite the bottom wall in an embodiment. The base/first lip
includes top edges of the side walls. This lip is of a shape and
size to be friction-induced welded to a lid lip, like 18a of FIG.
6. As there are many configurations of such prior art lip
designs****, none are specified. When either a portion of the base
lip or lid lip protrude downwardly (a common configuration), the
base centers perfectly to the lid. This housing base is injection
molded.
[0070] FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a housing base, top perspective
view, showing feed-though screw holes 3 and 4 and base/first lip
17b. The screw holes, external to the housing's central cavity, can
be used to mount the housing by a means other than the nipple (as
to a flat surface), like if the nipple is water sealed to a conduit
or jacketed cable.
[0071] FIG. 6 is an embodiment of a housing lid, to mate with base
in FIG. 4, bottom perspective view. Lid wall 12a is noted. This
housing lid is injection molded. Energy director 14a and and
lid/second lip 18a continue around the periphery of the internal
cavity of the base. With or without an energy director, a
friction-induced weld/seal is at least around the periphery of the
internal cavity formed by the base/lid. This seal is between
base/first lip and lid/second lip.
[0072] FIG. 7 is an embodiment of a housing lid, to mate with base
in FIG. 5, bottom perspective view. Lid wall 12b is noted. Energy
director 14b and lid/second lip 18b continue around the periphery
of the internal cavity of the base. The feed-through holes are
shown external to the energy director periphery. With or without an
energy director, a friction-induced weld/seal between base and lid
is at least internal to the feed-through holes.
[0073] A conduit or jacketed cable can be an external entity. FIG.
8 shows an installed housing-conduit attachment, cross-sectional
view. The watertight plastic housing is the same as that in FIG. 2.
[I.e., the base is friction-induced welded to the lid, and a prior
art washer is externally seated on the nipple] The nipple is
inserted/secured-to prior art conduit 24 with M/F body 21, rubber
seal 23, and female end nut 22. The housing and housing-to-conduit
connection forms substantially a watertight seal. This same
attachment arrangement depicts connection to a jacketed cable. Same
or alternate-sized M/F body, rubber seal, and female end nut may be
used for a jacketed cable. Cable Glands***, from BUD Industries
provides a variety of similar-type prior-art parts. Such prior art
cable glands are not suitable for an embodiment of the housing
invention. However, the glands describe a male/male version of a
housing-conduit attachment. The invention requires a male/female
housing-conduit attachment.
[0074] 3. Materials and Dimensions
[0075] The device, orientation of the device, and number or size of
wire(s) attached to the device are not pertinent to the invention.
However the device may include a relay, transformer, light sensor,
or other electrical devices, and may include supporting electronic
components (like a circuit board, resisters, capacitors diodes
& LEDs, etc).
[0076] The following dimensions can be, but are not limited to
being, the dimensions identified as follows: internal dimension of
nipple: 0.5", external dimension of nipple: 0.82", external
enclosure box length: 2.78" width: 1.66", and heighth: 1.61". All
embodiments are drawn to the same scale. Wires can be 18 gauge, but
wires of nearly any gauge can be used. The length of wires varies
according to whatever the housing/device is to be connected to.
[0077] Many injection moldable plastics may be used for a housing
lid, nipple, and/or base, including but not limited to Polyvinyl
Chloride, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Polyphenylene
Ether+Polystyrene, polycarbonate, resins such as Grilamid.RTM.,
Ultem.RTM., or blends of any of the preceding materials. [Resins
are considered plastics for the text and claims.] A housing lid may
be transparent, opaque, or translucent. A housing base may be
transparent, opaque, or translucent. A housing lid and/or base can
also be partially translucent, partially transparent and partially
opaque. This is often created by injecting two different plastics
in the mold and/or texturing the mold differently in different
places. A transparent or translucent lid and/or base can allow an
LED of an enclosed device to be visible through the housing. Rubber
seal is a prior art given name for the seal shown in FIG. 8, but
such a seal is not limited to being made of rubber, as it is often
made of rubber-like material.
[0078] The fixed nipple can protrude from any of the six sides of
the housing, including the lid. Therein, the side from which the
inventions' nipple protrudes is not specified in the invention. A
housing lid, nipple, and base together constitute a housing.
[0079] An external entity for watertight attachment to the housing
can be a junction box, conduit or jacketed cable. A junction box,
in this text and claims, can be any box used to make connections
(junctions) in an overall electrical system (and is usually made of
metal or plastic). A junction box can be a control housing, or any
housing having a knock-out or having the capability of being
drilled or punched to produce a hole equivalent to a knocked out
knock-out. A junction box hole is, of average, a 0.875" diameter
circular knock-out.
[0080] As attachment of a housed device to a junction box is done
by an installer, (not the manufacturer), and a rubbery washer is a
prior art item, the housed device may or may not be shipped with
the washer.
[0081] An electrical device can include, but is not limited to
including, a relay, a transformer, light sensor, or any electrical
device; plus other miscellaneous electronic components, often on a
circuit board.
[0082] The housing is shown in the embodiments as substantially
rectangular, (in cross-section), but can be of other shapes
including but not limited to substantially triangular, polygon,
circular, or elliptical. In example: a spherical embodiment would
have a substantially circular cross-section, and may include
contiguous, spherically-curved side walls, and bottom wall, and a
spherically-curved lid wall. Any wall can be flat, or at least
partially convex or concave. Energy directors are shown as part of
a housing lid, but can instead be part of a housing base, or not
used at all. The plastic of the energy director becomes part of the
friction-induced weld when the lid and base are friction-induced
welded/fuzed together.
[0083] The washers are often called gaskets by installers and
others. The term washer is used so as not to confuse it with the
lid/base rectangular gaskets discussed.
[0084] 4. Conclusion
[0085] An embodiment can be a watertight plastic housing for
containing an electrical device, and for availing connection of
that device to an external entity by wires transcending from inside
to outside the housing. The housing has a plastic base having a
bottom wall and a plurality of contiguous side walls. The housing
has a base/first lip supported by the plurality of contiguous side
walls. The housing has a lid having a top wall and a peripheral
second lip. The second lip confronts the base's first lip in such a
manner that the lips can be friction-induced welded to each other.
The housing has a male-threaded nipple fixed/integral to a wall of
the housing. The nipple is hollow, permitting wires to pass through
a housing wall.
[0086] An embodiment can be a watertight plastic housing connected
to a junction box, conduit or jacketed cable. In use: The housing
base is friction-induced welded to the housing lid, a prior art
washer is externally seated on the housing nipple, the nipple is
inserted into a hole of a prior art connection means or external
entity. When the external entity is a junction box, a prior art
washer is externally seated on the nipple, the nipple is inserted
into a junction box hole, and said nipple is secured to the
junction box with a prior art nut. This housing and
housing-to-junction box assembly substantially provides a
watertight seal.
[0087] When the external entity is a conduit or jacketed-cable: a
prior art washer is externally seated on the housing nipple; and
the nipple is secured to a prior art M/F body, prior art rubber
seal, and prior art female end nut. The housing and
housing-to-conduit for housing-to-jacketed-cable] substantially
provides a watertight seal.
[0088] Previous housings with fixed nipples had other open holes
(like an LED hole), and/or a 1 to 4-screw lid arrangement. This
shows the value of a fixed nipple was not previously recognized as
an improved water-seal (over a separate beveled nipple and parts,
like in P.A. FIG. 1). The invention recognizes that the combination
`fixed nipple and friction-induced welding sealed lid` together
provide a unique NEMA4/4X rated device that is less costly in parts
and labor, increases limited internal housing space, reduces
installer errors, and avoids inadvertent wire
insulation-stripping.
References
[0089] Quality Enclosures--Plastic Boxes--NEMA 4x, BUD Industries,
Inc., P.O. Box 998 Willoughby, Ohio 44094. www.budind.com/
[0090] *NEMA 4 and NEMA 4X: descriptions are on page 5 in Bulletin
NEMA 250--ENCLOSURES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT by National
Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 N. 17th St, Rosslyn, Va.
22209, www.nema.org/.
[0091] **Functional Devices, Inc., 310 South Union Street,
Russiaville. Model RIBU1C is on page 1 of bulletin A486
[0092] ***Cable Glands, from BUD Industries, P.O. Box 998,
Willoughby, Ohio 44094,
http://www.budind.com/egi-bin/view?part=n4-cg
[0093] ****Designing Parts For Ultrasonic Welding, Branson
Ultrasonics Corporation, 41 Eagle Road, Danbury, Conn. 06813-1961,
Technical Information PW-3 (4 pgs), 1975, revised 2/96
[0094] *****sales literature of Branson--Applied Technologies
Group, Division of Branson Ultrasonics Corporation, 41 Eagle Road,
Danbury, Conn. 06813-1961, (6 pgs), 1975, 9/99
* * * * *
References