U.S. patent application number 10/071525 was filed with the patent office on 2002-07-25 for identification tag.
Invention is credited to Koopman, Gene T., Koopman, Henry G..
Application Number | 20020095828 10/071525 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24683486 |
Filed Date | 2002-07-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020095828 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Koopman, Gene T. ; et
al. |
July 25, 2002 |
Identification tag
Abstract
An identification tag is described in which a first tag member
is formed of a polymer and includes a front surface. A second tag
member, also formed of a polymer but that visually contrasts with
the first tag member, includes slots formed as visual indicia that
extend through the second tag member. The second tag member is
welded to the first tag member to expose the front surface of the
first tag member through the slots.
Inventors: |
Koopman, Gene T.; (Ontario,
CA) ; Koopman, Henry G.; (Ontario, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WELLS ST. JOHN P.S.
601 W. FIRST
SUITE 1300
SPOKANE
WA
99201-3828
US
|
Family ID: |
24683486 |
Appl. No.: |
10/071525 |
Filed: |
February 6, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10071525 |
Feb 6, 2002 |
|
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09668727 |
Sep 22, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
40/301 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01K 11/004 20130101;
G09F 3/207 20130101; A01K 11/001 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
40/301 |
International
Class: |
G09F 003/00 |
Claims
1. An identification tag, comprising: a first tag member formed of
a polymer and including a front surface; a second tag member formed
of a polymer that visually contrasts with the first tag member;
wherein the second tag member includes slots formed as visual
indicia, extending through the second tag member and exposing the
front surface of the first tag member through the slots; and
wherein the second tag member is welded to the front surface of the
first tag member with the slots opening against the front surface
of the first tag member.
2. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
tag member includes a back surface and further comprising a third
tag member with slots forming visual indicia and welded to the back
surface.
3. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
and second tag members are secured together by radio frequency
welding.
4. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
and second tag members are formed of thermoplastic elastomeric
material and are secured together by radio frequency welding.
5. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the slots
are laser cut through the second tag member.
6. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
and second tag members are formed of at least substantially similar
thermoplastic materials.
7. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
tag member includes a recessed surface along the front surface and
wherein the second tag member is welded to the first tag member
within the recessed surface.
8. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 1, wherein the first
tag member includes a recessed surface along the front surface and
wherein the second tag member is welded to the first tag member is
radio frequency welded to the first tag member within the recessed
surface.
9. An identification tag, comprising: a first tag member formed of
flexible thermoplastic material including a front surface with a
recess surface formed therein and bounded by a marginal peripheral
recess edge extending from the recess surface to the front surface;
a second tag member having outward edge surfaces and formed of
flexible thermoplastic material but visually contrasting with the
first tag member; wherein the second tag member is radio frequency
welded to the first tag member against the recess surface and with
the outward edge surfaces adjacent the marginal peripheral recess
edge; and wherein the second tag member includes laser cut through
slots formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag
member.
10. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 9, wherein the
second tag member includes a thickness dimension that is less than
a distance dimension from the recess surface to the front surface
of the first tag member.
11. An identification tag, as claimed by claim 9, wherein the first
and second tag members are formed of polyurethane.
12. A process for producing an identification tag, comprising the
steps of: obtaining a first tag member including a front surface;
laser cutting indicia through a second tag member; and radio
frequency welding the second tag member to the first tag member
front surface.
13. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further step of placing the second tag
member into a recess formed in the first tag.
14. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further step of pre-heating at least the
first tag member prior to the step of radio frequency welding the
second tag member to the first tag member.
15. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further step of pre-heating at least the
first tag member to a temperature of between approximately
120.degree. and 180.degree. F. prior to the step of radio frequency
welding the second tag member to the first tag member.
16. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further step of pre-heating at least the
first tag member to a temperature of approximately 150.degree. F.
prior to the step of radio frequency welding the second tag member
to the first tag member.
17. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further step of pressing the second tag
member against the front surface of the first tag member following
the step of laser cutting indicia through a second tag member.
18. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 comprising the further steps of: pressing the second tag
member against the front surface of the first tag member following
the step of laser cutting indicia through a second tag member; and
pre-heating at least the first tag member to a temperature of
approximately 150.degree. F. prior to the step of radio frequency
welding the second tag member to the first tag member.
19. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 wherein the step of radio frequency welding the second tag
member to the first tag member is accomplished using a radio
frequency of less than approximately 50 megahertz at a power
intensity of between approximately 10 and 20 kilowatts.
20. The process for producing an identification tag, as defined by
claim 12 wherein the step of radio frequency welding the second tag
member to the first tag member is accomplished using a radio
frequency of approximately 27 megahertz at a power intensity of
between approximately 10 and 20 kilowatts.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to identification
tags, and more particularly to animal identification apparatus with
visual indicia used to identify specific animals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Those needing to label something for identification purposes
will typically make use of an identification tag that visually
communicates some form of identification. For example those in the
business of dairying or ranching often need to use some method of
identifying individual animals. Ear tags with individual
identification indicia may be used for record keeping, herd
separation, medicinal, feed or other important purposes where
identification of specific animals is desired.
[0003] Many different materials and methods have been developed for
identification tags. Many commercial tags are presently formed of a
resilient plastic, which in the instance of animal tagging, are
attached to an ears of animals by plastic spikes. The spike is
driven through the ear. A barbed end of the spike is received
through an aperture in the tag to hold the tag permanently in place
on the ear. The spikes and tags hold well, but the identification
indicia on the tag is often subject to such wear and exposure to
adverse elements that the indicia often becomes difficult or
impossible to read.
[0004] Perhaps the most currently used method of applying visual
indicia on identification tags, especially animal tags, has simply
been embossing or silk screening indicia on a plastic tag body.
This may be accomplished with a paint or other coating used to form
the visual indicia. While this works well temporarily, after
constant exposure of the tags to varying environmental conditions
and wear, the indicia will usually still become vague and difficult
to read.
[0005] As a proposed solution to the above problem, tags have been
developed in which laminated layers of flexible plastic material
are used. The base layer is formed using a first color, and the
second layer is formed using a second color. The two layers are
typically secured together by application of adhesive to the
joining surfaces. A high speed etching tool is used to grind or
rout identification indicia through the second layer, thereby
exposing the first layer. In other systems, a heated stylus is used
to melt away the material. In either instance, the resulting
indicia is often ragged at the machined or melted edges and can be
difficult to read.
[0006] Further, laminated tags that have adhesively joined
laminations have a tenancy to de-laminate under wear and adverse
weather conditions. Even a tear in a lamination can reduce or
confuse visual access to the indicia on the tag.
[0007] Die stamped tags have also been used in which the indicia is
stamped into the material of the tag body, leaving either a
recessed area, or an opening through the tag thickness in the shape
of the indicia. The latter type of tag is durable except that the
openings may become obscured if the tag is placed against a
backdrop surface of the same or similar color to the tag. The
former type tag is difficult and time consuming to make especially
if consecutive, different indicia is to be used on successive
tags.
[0008] Thus a need has remained for more permanent visual indicia
on identification tags.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below
with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
[0010] FIG. 1 is an enlarged frontal elevation of an animal tag
embodying features of the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 2 is a bottom plan view of the tag shown in FIG. 1;
[0012] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the present tag;
[0013] FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmented sectional view of the
present tag;
[0014] FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the present tag;
and
[0015] FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view exemplifying the process for
producing the present tags.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0016] This disclosure of the invention is submitted in furtherance
of the constitutional purposes of the U.S. Patent Laws "to promote
the progress of science and useful arts" (Article 1, Section
8).
GENERAL ASPECTS
[0017] Before a detailed description is given, general aspects of
the invention will be set forth.
[0018] In a first aspect, the present tag 10 is comprised of a
first tag member 15 formed of a polymer and including a front
surface 16, and a second tag member 30, formed of a polymer that
visually contrasts with the first tag member. The second tag member
30 includes slots 31 formed as visual indicia, extending through
the second tag member 30 and exposing the front surface 16 of the
first tag member 15 through the slots 31. The second tag member 30
is welded to the front surface 16 of the first tag member 15 with
the slots 31 opening against the front surface 16.
[0019] In another aspect, the tag 10 is comprised of a first tag
member 15 formed of flexible thermoplastic material including a
front surface 16 with a recess surface 17 formed therein and
bounded by a marginal peripheral recess edge 18 extending from the
recess surface to the front surface 16. A second tag member 30
includes outward edge surfaces 32 and is formed of flexible
thermoplastic material but visually contrasting with the first tag
member 15. The second tag member 30 is radio frequency welded to
the first tag member 15, against the recess surface 17 and with the
outward edge surfaces 32 adjacent the marginal peripheral recess
edge 18. The second tag member 30 includes laser cut through slots
31 formed as visual indicia, extending through the second tag
member 30.
[0020] In a further aspect, a process for producing an
identification tag 10, is comprised of a number of steps, including
obtaining a first tag member 15 including a front surface 16,
followed by the step of laser cutting indicia through a second tag
member 30. In another step, the second tag member 30 is radio
frequency welded to the first tag member front surface 16.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] In exemplary forms, the present tag 10 is comprised of at
least two components, the first tag member 15 and second tag member
30, permanently secured to the first tag member. It is preferred
that both members be formed of similar if not identical material,
but with the second tag member 30 being visually distinguishable
from the first member 15. Most preferably, the visual distinction
is made by providing a coloration distinction, and by slots 31 that
extend through the second tag member to permit visual access to the
differently colored first tag below. For example the first tag
member 15 may be black in color and the second tag member 30 may be
white. In this way, the distinctive colors will visually emphasize
the indicia formed by the laser cut slots 31.
[0022] The preferred material for the tags is a flexible
polyurethane that may be injection molded to form the first tag
member 15, and preferably be provided in sheets or rolls for laser
cutting and formation of the second tag member 30. It is preferable
that the materials comprising the members 15, 30 be of such similar
composition to facilitate welding, most preferably by radio
frequency, of the two tag members. Flexible polyurethane may be
welded by radio frequency and includes properties of resilience,
high wear resistance, color fastness, and toughness that lend
themselves well to manufacture and use in the present
invention.
[0023] Radio frequency welding has been found to far surpass the
bond produced by mechanical fasteners or by adhesives. Mechanically
joined or adhesively joined tag members typically will not stay
laminated in adverse conditions over long periods of time.
Polyurethane tag members that are radio frequency welded, on the
other hand, form an integral unit, with the two members 15, 30
fused together into one. Delamination is therefor not a likelihood
regardless of wear or weather conditions over time. Further, the
different pigmentation of the two members and the laser cut slots
assure that the indicia will not easily erode with time and wear,
especially as compared with prior tags where indicia was silk
screened or otherwise applied as a coating on a substrate. More
discussion regarding radio frequency welding of the tag components
will be discussed later on in this application.
[0024] It is preferred that the first tag member 15 include at
least one of the recess surfaces 17 to receive the second tag
member 30. In the exemplified forms, it may be preferred to include
two of the recess surfaces 17 on opposed sides of the first tag
member 15 to receive two of the second tag members 30. In either
instance, the recess surfaces 17 and second tag members 30 may be
the same, and fastening by welding may be carried out in the same
manner for both sides.
[0025] The recess or recess surface 17 may be integrally formed in
the first tag member 15 by the same injection molding process used
to form the tag body. Each recess surface 17 is defined by the edge
18, which may be of any desired shape. It may be formed to a depth
in the first tag member 15 that is preferably at least equal to the
thickness of the second tag member 30.
[0026] The examples illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 include a two
sided, two recess first tag member 15 with recess surfaces 17
formed on opposite sides to depths that are greater than the
thickness dimensions of the second tag members welded thereto. Most
preferably each of the recess surfaces 17 will occupy a significant
part of the adjacent surface of the first tag member 15, and the
associated second tag member 30 will be of a complimentary shape so
as to fit within the recess surface 17. Outer edges 32 of the
second tag member will thus be adjacent to and be protected by the
recess edges 18 of the first tag member 15.
[0027] The slots 31 formed in second tag member are most preferably
laser cut through the thickness dimension thereof. A commercially
available laser cutting machine 50 (FIG. 6) may be used to cut the
indicia 31 and to cut the outline of successive second tag members
30 from a sheet or a roll. Two such rolls 55 are diagrammatically
shown in FIG. 6, aligned so as to allow the laser 50 to cut two tag
members simultaneously. Other arrangements including cutting single
tags from a single roll or sheet could be used as well.
[0028] It is preferable that the indicia be laser cut, since the
edges of the cuts will typically be sharp and crisp without a
noticeable distracting raised edge, burr, or selvage formed above
or to one side of the second tag member face. Such imperfections
are typically found in instances where a die stamp, high speed
etching tool, or a heated stylus is used to create indicia in
polymer materials. Such raised edges are typically not consistent
around the cut area, therefor creating unreliable visual access to
the slot when viewed at an angle. Further, a raised burr or selvage
can snag and cause obstruction of the adjacent indicia by
accumulating snagged debris that can cover or partially obstruct
visual access to the adjacent indicia.
[0029] It is also preferable to use laser cut indicia since
commercially available laser cutters 50 can be operated to quickly
cut successive indicia that may vary from one tag to another. For
example, in many instances it may be desirable to provide a series
of tags with a serial progression of indicia such as consecutive
numbers, letters or combinations thereof. Commercially available
laser cutters 50 may be programmed to cut such successive
distinguishing indicia in the second tag members.
[0030] Further, the laser cutting operation may be performed in an
substantially automated process in which the second tag members 30
are progressively cut from a sheet or roll of material prior to
being affixed to successive first tag members 15. Still further, if
two sides of a finished tag are to include the second tag members,
with identical indicia on both sides, an indicia forming laser cut
may be made simultaneously through two thicknesses of the preferred
polymer material to form two substantially identical second tag
members.
[0031] The first tag member 15 includes a front surface 16 and a
back surface 14. The surfaces are preferably planar and spaced
apart by the thickness of the member 15. The thickness dimension in
a preferred form is between about 0.060 inches and 0.12 inches and
most preferably approximately 0.090 inches. This dimension is
preferably greater than that of the second tag member 30 to allow
some reduction in thickness (about 0.03 inches) through the first
tag member for formation of the recessed surface 17 and peripheral
edge 18 to receive the second tag member 30.
[0032] The second tag member 30 also includes a front surface 34
and a back surface 35. The thickness dimension of the second tag
member 30 is preferably constant and less than the thickness
dimension of the first tag member 15. Most preferably, the
thickness dimension of the second tag member 30 is slightly less
than or not substantially greater than the depth of the recess
surfaces 17 (about 0.03 inches). In a preferred example the second
tag 30 includes a thickness dimension of approximately 0.02 inches.
Such relatively thin material may be easily laser cut and can be
easily welded by radio frequency welding to the first tag member
15.
[0033] The first and second tag members 15, 30 are affixed, with
the front surface 16 of the first tag member 15 in flush abutment
with the back surface 35 of the second tag member. This is
preferably accomplished as indicated above, by radio frequency
welding. With the preferred polyurethane materials and the
preferred thickness dimensions related above, radio frequency
welding of the components may be accomplished with a conventional
radio frequency welding machine 60 at a frequency preferably of
less than approximately 50 megahertz at a power intensity of
between approximately 10 and 20 kilowatts. In a preferred example,
tags of the above nature may be welded using a frequency of
approximately 27 megahertz at a power intensity of between
approximately 10 and 20 kilowatts.
[0034] In order to allow visual identification from a broad range
of angles (front, back, sides) it may becomes desirable, as briefly
indicated above, to provide indicia on both sides of the tag 10. In
a preferred form, (FIGS. 4, 5) a third tag member 40 is provided,
affixed to the back surface 14 of the first tag member 15.
[0035] The third tag member 40 may be substantially identical to
the second tag member 30, and include the same (but not
necessarily) indicia. As such, the third tag member may include a
front surface 41 and a back surface 42, that may be substantially
identical to those of the second tag member 30. The third tag
member also includes through slots 43 that may be identical to the
second member slots 31. Like slots 31, the through slots 43 are
preferably formed as visual indicia, extending through the third
tag member from the front surface 41 to the back surface 42.
[0036] The thickness dimension of the third tag member 40 is
preferably the same as that of the second tag member 30. Thus the
overall thickness dimension of the tag 10, at least in the area of
the slots 31, 43 is the sum of the thickness dimensions of the
first tag member (between the recess surfaces 17), the second tag
member 30, and the third tag member 40. This total thickness may be
approximately equal to the maximum thickness dimension of the first
tag member.
[0037] The third tag member 40 may be permanently attached to the
first tag member in the manner described above, using radio
frequency welding. It is preferred, however that the three members
be preheated before application of radio frequency to minimize the
power requirements for the weld. Preheating to a temperature of
between approximately 120.degree. F. and 180.degree. F. is
generally desirable, and more specifically, preheating to
approximately 150.degree. F. is preferred.
[0038] In instances where the present tags are to be used for
identification of animals, at least one tag member (preferably the
first tag member 15) may be provided with an upstanding tab 53. An
aperture 54 may be formed through the tab. The aperture 54 may be
provided to receive a spike (not shown) or other tag securing
device. A boss 55 may be provided about the aperture 54 to
strengthen the tab against the spike or other fastener.
[0039] In the examples shown, only the first tag member 15 is
provided with tabs and apertures. However, other variations where
the two or three tag members are identical, all members may be
provided with tabs and apertures.
[0040] In preferred forms of the present process, the first step is
obtaining a first tag member 15 including a front surface 16. This
may be done using injection molding processes by which the
described first tag member 15 may be produced from a polymer,
preferably a flexible injectable polyurethane material. Next, a
laser cutting machine 40 may be used for the step of laser cutting
indicia through a second tag member. During this step, the outline
or marginal edges of the successive second tag members may also be
cut. Further, as shown in the schematic in FIG. 6, second and third
tag members 30 and 40 may be laser cut simultaneously from rolls 56
of the preferred material (which is most preferably the same
material used for the first tag members 15).
[0041] Finally, the step of radio frequency welding the second tag
member to the first tag member front surface 16 is performed. Most
preferably, at least the first tag member 15 and preferably all tag
members are pre-heated prior to the welding step, as graphically
shown in FIG. 6 by heaters 65, to a pre-heated temperature between
approximately 120.degree. F. and 180.degree. F., and most
preferably approximately 150.degree. F.
[0042] The pre-heated tag members 30, 40 are then aligned and
fitted into the recess surfaces 17. It may be desirable at this
point, that the third tag member be reversed prior or during this
step in order to correctly orient the indicia thereon, otherwise
letters or numbers could appear as an illegible mirror image. If
indicia is used that is visually symmetrical, or that is not
directionally sensitive, there is no need to include a reversal
step.
[0043] It is preferred that the second tag members 30 (and third
tag members 40 if used) be pressed into the recessed surfaces 17
following the laser cutting step, and preferably during the welding
step. This can be accomplished by the welder 60. The radio
frequency welder 60 may thus be operated to press and weld the tag
members together preferably using radio frequency of less than
approximately 50 megahertz (preferably about 27 megahertz) at a
power intensity of between approximately 10 and 20 kilowatts. This
effectively welds the tag members together, completing the
formation of the finished tag.
[0044] When manufactured as described above and attached to an
animal, the present tag 10 is nearly indestructible and will
clearly show the identification indicia for the life of the animal.
This is due to the contrasting materials of the first, second, and
third (if used) tag members, superimposed on one another and with
the slots clearly outlining the selected indicia. As there is no
"painted" on indicia, there is nothing exposed to wear other than
the tag materials themselves. Since the tag materials are selected
from materials known for long life and excellent wear properties,
the indicia will inherently last as long as the materials forming
them.
[0045] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been
described in language more or less specific as to structural and
methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the
invention is not limited to the specific features shown and
described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred
forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is,
therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the
proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in
accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.
* * * * *