U.S. patent application number 10/014605 was filed with the patent office on 2002-07-04 for detergent composition with a softening and protective action of natural fibres.
This patent application is currently assigned to CONDEA AUGUSTA S.P.A.. Invention is credited to Buosi, Francesco, Genova, Calogero, Giammasi, Giuseppe.
Application Number | 20020086805 10/014605 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 11380410 |
Filed Date | 2002-07-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020086805 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Genova, Calogero ; et
al. |
July 4, 2002 |
Detergent composition with a softening and protective action of
natural fibres
Abstract
Detergent composition with a softening and protective action of
natural fibers, preferably keratinic, characterized in that it has
no cationic surface-active agents, and comprises: (a)
surface-active agents selected from anionic, non-ionic and
amphoteric surface-active agents and relative mixtures, preferably
anionic; (b) esters having general formula (I):
R.sup.1--CO--(--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a--R.sup.2 (I)
Inventors: |
Genova, Calogero; (Milan,
IT) ; Giammasi, Giuseppe; (Milan, IT) ; Buosi,
Francesco; (Milan, IT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON SPIVAK MCCLELLAND MAIER & NEUSTADT PC
FOURTH FLOOR
1755 JEFFERSON DAVIS HIGHWAY
ARLINGTON
VA
22202
US
|
Assignee: |
CONDEA AUGUSTA S.P.A.
Palermo
IT
|
Family ID: |
11380410 |
Appl. No.: |
10/014605 |
Filed: |
December 14, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10014605 |
Dec 14, 2001 |
|
|
|
09349508 |
Jul 9, 1999 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
510/119 ;
510/123; 510/125 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 1/94 20130101; C11D
3/2093 20130101; A61K 8/463 20130101; C11D 1/66 20130101; Y10S
514/881 20130101; C11D 1/88 20130101; A61K 8/37 20130101; C11D 1/83
20130101; C11D 1/02 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/119 ;
510/123; 510/125 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/075 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 10, 1998 |
IT |
MI 98/A/001579 |
Claims
1. A detergent composition with a softening and protective action
of natural fibres, preferably keratinic, characterized in that it
has no cationic surface-active agents, and comprises: (a)
surface-active agents selected from anionic, non-ionic and
amphoteric surface-active agents and relative mixtures; (b) esters
having general formula (I):
R.sup.1--CO--O--(--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a--R.sup.2 (I)
wherein: a is between zero and 20; R.sup.2 is a mono-functional
hydrocarbon radical, having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.1 is a
mono-functional hydrocarbon radical containing at least one
hydroxyl and a number of carbon atoms equal to or higher than two,
preferably selected from: c1) --C.sub.6H.sub.n(OH).sub.m, wherein n
is between 3 and 4, m is between 1 and 2, the sum of m+n being
equal to 5; c2) --CH(OH)--CH(R.sup.3)--COO--(-
--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a--R.sup.4, wherein R.sup.3=H or OH;
a' is between 0 and 20, and R.sup.4 is a mono-functional
hydrocarbon radical, preferably alkyl, having from 6 to 20 carbon
atoms; c3) --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3; the weight ratio between the
surface-active agents (a) and the esters having general formula (I)
ranging from 1/1 to 600/1, preferably from 1.5/1 to 400/1.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the surface-active
agents (a) are anionic.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein a=0.
4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein R.sup.2 is a
mono-functional alkyl radical having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is
selected from: c1) --C.sub.6H.sub.4(OH); c2) --CH(OH)--CH(R.sup.3)
--COO--(--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a--R.sup.4, wherein
R.sup.3=H or OH; a' is zero; c3) --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3.
6. Use as a detergent with a softening effect of a formulation
comprising the composition according to claim 1, the ratio between
the surface-active agents and esters having general formula (I)
ranging from 200/1 to 5/1, preferably from 100/1 to 10/1, the
concentration of the above surface-active agents in the formulation
being from 10 to 40% by weight, the complement to 100 consisting of
water and minor components.
7. Use as a softening agent in the rinsing phase of a formulation
according to claim 1, the ratio between surface-active agents and
esters having general formula (I) ranging from 50/1 to 0.75/1,
preferably from 20/1 to 1.5/1, the weight concentration of the
surface-active agents in the above formulations being from 2 to 8%
by weight, the complement to 100 consisting of water and minor
components.
8. Use in textile finishing of a formulation comprising the
composition according to claim 1, the ratio between the
surface-active agents and esters having general formula (I) ranging
from 10/1 to 1.5/1, preferably from 5/1 to 2/1, the concentration
of the surface-active agents being from 3 to 10%, the complement to
100 consisting of water and minor components.
9. Use as hair shampoo of a formulation comprising the composition
according to claim 1, the ratio between surface-active agents and
esters having general formula (I) ranging from 100/1 to 10/1,
preferably from 40/1 to 5/1, the concentration of surface-active
agents being from 7 to 20% by weight, the complement to 100
consisting of water and minor components.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to a detergent composition
with a softening and protective action of natural fibres.
[0002] Softening compositions are widely used for domestic
detergents for improving the softness of delicate fabrics (wool and
silk). These compositions mainly consist of aqueous emulsions which
cannot be used in the actual washing phase, but only in the final
rinsing phase. This is mainly due to the incompatibility of the
softening agents widely used, consisting of quaternary ammonium
salts, particularly dimethyl ditallowyl ammonium chloride (DDTAC)
and distearyl ammonium chloride. The above quaternary salts, in the
presence of anionic surface-active agents, would produce compounds
insoluble in water with a consequent loss in effectiveness of the
softening action.
[0003] The high effectiveness of these ammonium derivatives has the
disadvantage of the toxicological aspect of these products and
particularly their high aquatic toxicity which has recently
considerably restricted their use in the formulation of domestic
detergents. This has led to the search for new softening substances
with an environmental impact which is more acceptable to the
community. The importance given to this problem has led to the
development of products alternative to quaternary ammonium salts
having either equivalent performances or a lesser ecotoxicological
impact.
[0004] In this respect, various patent documents which have
appeared recently, can be mentioned.
[0005] For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,290,459 describes the use of
partial esters of pentaerythritol or partial esters of ethoxylated
oligomers of pentaerythritol to be used as such or combined with
bentonites for the preparation of aqueous emulsions to be used as
softening agents to be added in the rinsing phase of the washing
cycle.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 3,928,212 on the other hand discloses the use
of esters of fatty acids of polyhydric alcohols as softening agents
to be used as an emulsion in the rinsing phase.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,126,562 describes the use of esters of
higher fatty acids mixed with quaternary ammonium salts as
softening agents with a low content of quaternary ammonium
salts.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 4,142,978 discloses the use of esters of
sorbitol as alternative softening agents to quaternary ammonium
salts.
[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 4,162,984 describes the use of mixtures
consisting of ammonium salts of alkyl imidazoline and esters of
fatty acids (mono or dicarboxyl, alkyl or aromatic) of polyhydric
alcohols.
[0010] DE-A-3,612,479 discloses the use of softening agents for the
textile industry consisting of mixtures of quaternary ammonium
salts and esters of polyhydric alcohols.
[0011] The state of the art described above, although on the one
hand reducing the quantity of nitrogenated derivatives as softening
agents for natural fibres, does not allow, on the other hand,
similar performances to those of nitrogenated derivatives as such
to be obtained.
[0012] In any case the compositions described in the above patents
have worse performances with respect to quaternary ammonium
salts.
[0013] A detergent composition with a softening and protective
action of natural fibres has now been found which overcomes the
disadvantages described above and at the same time has softening
properties equivalent to or higher than the quaternary ammonium
salts normally used for this purpose.
[0014] In accordance with this, the present invention relates to a
detergent composition with a softening and protective action of
natural fibres, preferably keratinous, characterized in that it has
no cationic surface-active agents, and comprises:
[0015] a) surface-active agents selected from anionic, non-ionic
and amphoteric surface-active agents and relative mixtures,
preferably anionic;
[0016] (b) esters having general formula (I):
R.sup.1--CO--O--(--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a--R.sup.2 (I)
[0017] wherein:
[0018] a is between zero and 20, preferably zero;
[0019] R.sup.2 is a mono-functional hydrocarbon radical, preferably
alkyl, having from 6 to 20, preferably from 8 to 18, carbon
atoms;
[0020] R.sup.1 is a mono-functional hydrocarbon radical containing
at least one hydroxyl and a number of carbon atoms equal to or
higher than two, preferably selected from:
[0021] c1) --C.sub.6H.sub.n(OH).sub.m, wherein n is between 3 and
4, m is between 1 and 2, the sum of m+n being equal to 5,
preferably --C.sub.6H.sub.4(OH);
[0022] c2) --CH(OH)--CH
(R.sup.3)--COO--(--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--O--).sub.a-- -R.sup.4,
wherein R.sup.3=H or OH; a' is between 0 and 20, and is preferably
zero, and R.sup.4 is a mono-functional hydrocarbon radical,
preferably alkyl, having from 6 to 20, preferably from 8 to 18,
carbon atoms;
[0023] c3) --CH(OH)--CH.sub.3;
[0024] the weight ratio between the surface-active agents (a) and
the esters having general formula (I) ranging from 1/1 to 600/1,
preferably from 1.5/1 to 400/1.
[0025] The various groups of surface-active agents (a) are well
known to experts in the field.
[0026] Typical but non-limiting examples of anionic surface-active
agents are alkyl sulfates, alkyl hetero sulfates, alkyl- (also
called alkan-) sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, alkyl
carboxylates, alkylhetero carboxylates, sulfonated alpha-olefins,
sulfonated internal olefins.
[0027] Typical but non-limiting examples of non-ionic
surface-active agents are alkylpolyglucosides,
alkylpolyethoxylates, alkylaryl polyethoxylates.
[0028] Typical but non-limiting examples of amphoteric
surface-active agents are alkyl-amido propyl betaine and alkyl
betaine.
[0029] With respect to R.sup.2 and R.sup.4, typical examples of
alcohols having the general form R.sup.2OH and R.sup.4OH are
capronic alcohol, capryl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, caprinic
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristic alcohol,
cetyl alcohol, palmitic alcohol, stearic alcohol, isostearic
alcohol, oleic alcohol, linoleic alcohol, linear or branched
alcohols obtained synthetically according to the oxo or modified
oxo or Ziegler or Guerbet process, and the relative mixtures.
Technical aliphatic alcohols have from 8 to 32 carbon atoms of a
synthetic or natural derivation, are preferably used.
[0030] As far as the esters have general formula (I) are concerned,
typical examples of these esters are:
[0031] tridecyl salicylate (compound having general formula (I)
wherein a=0, R.sup.2=C.sub.13 alkyl,
R.sup.1=--C.sub.6H.sub.4OH);
[0032] di-(C.sub.12-C.sub.13) alkyl malate (compound having general
formula (I) wherein a=0, R.sup.2=mixture of C.sub.12-C.sub.13
alkyls, R.sup.1=--CH(OH)--CH.sub.2--COOR.sup.2);
[0033] di-(C.sub.12-C.sub.13)alkyl tartrate (compound having
general formula (I) wherein a=0, R.sup.2=mixture of
C.sub.12-C.sub.13 alkyls;
R.sup.1=--CH(OH)--CH(OH)--COOR.sup.2);
[0034] (C.sub.12-C.sub.13) alkyl lactate (compound having general
formula (I) wherein a=0, R.sup.2=C.sub.12-C.sub.13;
R.sup.1=--CH(OH)--CH.sub.3);
[0035] The esters having general formula (I) can be prepared
according to techniques well known to experts in the field. In
particular they can be prepared by the esterification of fatty
alcohols or fatty alcohols ethoxylated with the corresponding
hydroxyacids.
[0036] The composition of the present invention can be used in
various formulations with different applications.
[0037] A first application is in domestic detergents. In this case
the detergent formulation with a softening effect (formulation A)
comprises surface-active agents (a) and esters having general
formula (I), the ratio between the two being from 200/1 to 5/1,
preferably from 100/1 to 10/1. The surface-active agents which can
be used in the above composition can be selected from sulfate
alcohols, ethoxysulfate alcohols, sulfonated alkylbenzene,
ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated alkylaryl, amphoteric
surface-active agents (betaine) and/or alkylpolyglucosides (APG),
sulfonated internal olefins, sulfonated alpha-olefins. In the above
formulation A, the concentration of surface-active agents can vary
from 10 to 40% by weight, the complement to 100, regardless of the
esters of the present invention, consisting of water and minor
components such as antifoaming agents, perfumes and preservatives,
usually used in commercial formulations.
[0038] A second application is as a softening agent in the rinsing
phase. In this case the formulation (formulation B) has a ratio
between surface-active agents (a) and esters having general formula
(I) ranging from 50/1 to 0.75/1, preferably from 20/1 to 1.5/1. In
this case the surface-active agents can be selected from sulfonated
alkylbenzenes, ethoxylated alcohols and ethoxylated alkyl aryl
having HLB ranging from 8 to 15, sulfonated internal olefins,
sulfonated alpha-olefins, and relative mixtures. In the case of
this formulation B, the weight concentration of the surface-active
agents ranges from 2 to 8% by weight, the complement to 100 being
of water and minor components.
[0039] A third application is in textile finishing for improving
the surface properties of natural and synthetic fibres (friction
coefficient, feel). In this case the formulation (formulation C)
has a ratio between surface-active agents (a) and esters having
general formula (I) ranging from 10/1 to 1.5/1, preferably from 5/1
to 2/1. The surface-active agents are selected from
alkylbenzenesulfonates, ethoxylated alcohols and alkylaryl
ethoxylates having an HLB ranging from 8 to 15, sulfonated internal
olefins and relative mixtures. Fatty alcohols (C.sub.11-C.sub.22)
and relative mixtures can be used as emulsion stabilizers. In the
case of this formulation C, the concentration of surface-active
agents can vary from 3 to 10%, the complement to 100 consisting of
water and minor components.
[0040] A fourth application is in the field of hair shampoos. In
this case the formulation (formulation D) has a ratio between
surface-active agents (a) and esters having general formula (I)
ranging from 100/1 to 10/1, preferably from 40/1 to 5/1. In this
case the surface-active agents are selected from sulfate alcohols,
ethoxysulfate alcohols, amphoteric surface-active agents (betaine),
alkyl-polyglucosides (APG), sulfonated internal olefins, sulfonated
alpha-olefins and relative mixtures. In this formulation D, the
concentration of surface-active agents ranges from 7 to 20% by
weight, the complement to 100 consisting of water and minor
components.
[0041] The following examples provide a better illustration of the
present invention.
EXAMPLES
[0042] Table 1 provides some formulation examples containing fatty
esters deriving from alpha-hydroxyacids (malic acid), or from
beta-hydroxyacids (salicyl acid), relating to typical formulates of
detergents for both hand and machine washing based on the most
common and widely used anionic surface-active agents used in the
field.
[0043] These formulations were used for the machine washing of
natural fibres (Merino wool and Silk crepe) to evaluate their
softness, the degradation degree after repeated washing as well as
the resistance of the fibres after various washing cycles and
prolonged exposure to light radiation. Each washing was carried out
on a load of 2.5 Kg. Using 50-80 grams of liquid detergent. The
load consisted of 2 samples of woollen fabric (70 cm.times.70 cm),
2 samples of silk fabric (70 cm.times.70 cm) and cotton fabric up
to a total load of 2.5 kg.
1 TABLE 1 Concentration w/w % Component A19 A23 A24 Sodium lauryl
sulfate 12.0 12.0 6.0 Sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate -- -- 5.8 Lialet
5EO 3.0 3.0 3.0 Sodium lauryl sulfate 5.0 5.0 5.0 Sodium Citrate
0.1 0.1 0.1 Perfume 0.25 0.25 0.25 (C.sub.12-C.sub.13) alkyl malate
0.5 -- -- Tridecyl salicylate -- 0.5 0.5 Preservative 0.1 0.1 0.1
Opacifier 0.8 0.8 0.8 Antifoaming agent 1.0 1.0 1.0 Water to 100 to
100 to 100 pH 7.5 7.5 7.5
[0044] The formulations indicated in Table 1 were compared with
three commercial products of leading companies in the field, based
on substantially different formulation principles.
[0045] In fact the formulations P1 and P2 base their softening
action on amphoteric surface-active agents combined with small
quantities (<1%) of a proteic agent (lanolin, P1) and quaternary
ammonium salts (P2). The formulation P3, as it mainly consists in
its surface-active base of polyethoxylated non-ionic surface-active
agents, carries out its softening action with a considerable
quantity of quaternary ammonium salts.
[0046] Table 2 indicates the basic components of the formulations
of the commercial products specified in the corresponding
lables.
2 TABLE 2 P1 P2 P3 SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS Anionic <5.0 <5.0
<5.0 Amphoteric <5.0 5-15 -- Ethoxylates <5.0 <5.0
15-30 SOFTENING AGENT Lanolin YES -- -- Cation. surf.-act. agents
-- -- >5 Not specified -- YES --
[0047] As can be seen from Table 2, the presence of proteic agents
(lanolin) or of small doses of non-specified softeners as they are
less than 1% by weight, is associated with the use of amphoteric
surface-active agents.
[0048] For the formulation containing non-ionic surface-active
agents (P3), the concentration of ammonium derivatives as softening
agent is quite significant.
[0049] After 10 and 15 washing cycles, the following physical
parameters, listed hereunder, of the fabric, were evalualed,
according to standard procedures with reference to official
organisms:
3 1. Breaking load (Method UNI 1932); 2. Impact strength (Method
UNI 1932); 3. Deformation (Method UNI 1932); 4. Young's modulus
(Method UNI 1932); 5. Warp and filling recovery angle (EN-ISO
22313); 6. Light radiation stability after 50 hours (EN-ISO
22313).
[0050] In addition, Softness Tests were carried out according to a
procedure which is described hereunder.
RESULTS
[0051] 10 MACHINE WASHINGS
[0052] Although the surface-active base of the formulations
containing fatty esters of alpha or beta hydroxyacids, of the
present invention, consists of anionic surface-active agents (known
as being amongst the most aggressive towards natural fibres), the
natural fibre properties observed after 10 consecutive washings did
not undergo any significant variation. In fact, on evaluating the
variations in the breaking load of the fibre and its elastic
deformation both for Merino wool (Tab. 3) and Silk crepe (Tab. 4),
with respect to the non-washed fabric, there are no substantial
variations in the physical properties of the natural fibres. The
fibres, in fact, remain intact and resistant to stretching, as can
be observed from the recovery angle value indicated.
[0053] The results obtained are in line with those observed for the
same fabrics washed with the commercial product P1 based on
amphoteric surface-active agents and lanolin.
4TABLE 3 MERINO WOOL after 10 consecutive washings As such A19 A23
A24 P1 Load (kgf) 0.093 0.081 0.088 0.081 0.094 Deformation (%)
13.602 14.063 15.111 16.130 15.598 Recovery Angle Warp 159.6 161.3
154.6 162.0 159.6 Filling 163.0 159.3 151.3 158.6 159.0
[0054]
5TABLE 4 White silk crepe after 10 consecutive washings As such A19
A23 A24 P1 Load (kgf) 0.151 0.144 0.149 0.147 0.142 Deformation (%)
17.572 20.138 19.363 17.256 17.402 Recovery Angle Warp 142.3 152.3
159.0 164.3 153.0 Filling 140.3 156.3 157.3 169.3 151.3
[0055] However, after 10 washings in a washing-machine, subjecting
the fabrics to prolonged exposure to light radiation of 50 hours,
there were significant variations in behaviour between the
formulations tested (see Table 5).
6TABLE 5 MERINO WOOL after 10 washings. Light radiation effect (50
hours). Radia- A24 A23 P1 tion 0 50 .DELTA.% 0 50 .DELTA.% 0 50
.DELTA.% Load .081 .094 8.9 .088 .091 3.4 .094 .088 -6.4 Deform.
16.13 16.15 .01 15.11 15.25 .9 15.60 18.01 15.34
[0056] With respect to Merino Wool fabric (Table 5), the
formulations containing the fatty ester of salicyl acid registered
a tendential increase in the breaking load of the fibre (greater
tensile strength) combined with an intact elastic deformation
(greater deformation resistance) with respect to what was observed
for the same fabric washed with the comparative formulation P1. For
this latter formulation, there was both a tendential decrease in
the breaking load (lower tensile strength) and a significant
variation in the elastic deformation, indicating a greater
deformation facility. It should be pointed out that the optimum
elastic deformation range of woollen fibres varies from 10 to 18.
At levels lower than 10 the fibre tends to be too rigid, at values
higher than 18, the fibre tends to yield and consequently lose its
natural structure.
[0057] Also in the case of the Silk Crepe fabric (Table 6) there
were tendential differences in behaviour. Whereas the fabric washed
with the commercial product P1 shows a distinct reduction in the
elastic deformation, the fabric washed with the formulations
containing the fatty ester of salicyl acid according to the present
invention, has a lesser alteration in its elastic deformation. The
fabric with the least elastic deformation of all is that washed
with the formulation A23.
7TABLE 6 White Silk crepe after 10 washings and light radiation (50
hours). Radia- A23 A24 P1 tion 0 50 .DELTA.% 0 50 .DELTA.% 0 50
.DELTA.% Load 0.149 0.135 -9.4 0.147 0.139 -5.4 0.142 0.132 -7.0
Deform. 19.363 16.697 -13.7 17.26 14.04 18.7 17.402 12.418
-28.6
[0058] The softness evaluation of the fabrics was effected by 10
experts of whom each one gave a value of 1 to 5:
[0059] 1=rough, void, papery, unpleasant feel, different from the
fabric as such;
[0060] 5=smooth, soft, full, pleasant feel, the same as the fabric
as such.
[0061] The results of the Softness Panel (Table 7) gave very
positive results for the softness and feel of the formulations
containing fatty esters of alpha or beta hydroxyacids.
[0062] In particular the formulation A24 gave the fabrics an
excellent softness and feel level which was higher than the other
formulations tested, comprising the commercial product P1 which
obtained quite a high result.
8 TABLE 7 Softness Panel A19 A23 A24 P1 MERINO WOOL 3 4 5 5 SILK
CREPE 3 4 5 4
[0063] The protective action on natural fibres of salicyl ester
appears even more evident from the Panel values provided in Table
7a which compares woollen and silk fabrics washed with the
formulation A24 and a formulation consisting of the same
composition, without salicyl ester.
9 TABLE 7a A24 without salicyl ester A24 WOOL 2 5 SILK 1 5
[0064] As can be seen from Table 7a, salicyl ester is capable of
distributing itself between the detergent phase and the natural
fibre substrate to such a degree as to prevent the abrasive action
of the surface-active mixture.
[0065] 15 Machine Washings
[0066] With an extension to 15 machine washings, no particular
deterioration phenomena of the natural fibres were observed.
[0067] Although the formulations of the present invention are based
on anionic surface-active agents which are aggressive for natural
fibres, and in spite of the low content of fatty esters of alpha or
beta hydroxyacids (as softening-protective agent), the mechanical
resistance and elasticity properties, except for a few exceptions,
show a satisfactory degree of integrity after 15 washings.
[0068] With respect to Merino Wool (see Table 8), whereas the
ultimate elongation remains more or less unaltered also for fabrics
washed with water alone, the elastic deformation varies
significantly with a variation in the detergent formulation used.
In fact, whereas washing with water alone or with the commercial
product P3 reveals a significant destructuring action of the
natural fibres (value>18; upper limit of the optimum elastic
deformation range), the use of the formulations containing fatty
esters of alpha or beta hydroxyacids, as also the commercial
product P2, does not substantially modify the elastic properties of
the fibres as the values obtained fall within the optimum elastic
deformation range.
[0069] Also in this case, the woollen fabrics conserve, and in some
cases improve, their already good workability properties for the
ironing of the original fabric.
10TABLE 8 MERINO WOOL after 15 washings As such A19 A23 A24 P2 P3
Water Load 0.093 0.095 0.089 0.091 0.100 0.099 0.103 Deform. 13.602
13.78 18.0 15.416 15.108 19.357 19.346 Recovery Angle Warp 159.6
158.0 165.6 159 155.3 168.3 155.3 Filling 163 161.3 154.3 158.6
155.0 157.3 155.3
[0070] With respect to the silk fabric (Table 9), analogous
conclusions can be made to those for the Merino Wool. The breaking
load (mechanical resistance) of the fibre is slightly reduced, but
to the same degree for all the detergent formulations used,
comprising water. This indicates that the mechanical friction of
the fabrics during washing causes a destructuring effect of the
keratinous fibres with a consequent reduction in their mechanical
resistance.
[0071] As far as the elastic deformation of Silk crepe is
concerned, it should be noted that, analogously to Merino Wool,
whereas washings with water alone cause a significant alteration in
the elasticity of silk, washing with the formulations containing
the softening agent showed a reasonable protective effect. In
particular, the formulations containing esters of alpha or beta
hydroxyacids even if at very low concentrations, prove to be more
effective than the comparative commercial products, as the Silk
Crepe fabric is decisively more elastic.
[0072] From the Recovery Angle values, it can be seen that the
fabric even after 15 washings maintains an excellent
crease-resistance, as these values are very close to the value of
180 which represents the optimum value.
11TABLE 9 White Silk Crepe after 15 washings As such Water A19 A23
A24 P2 P3 Load 0.151 0.131 0.129 0.130 0.128 0.127 0.129 Deform.
17.57 11.41 13.61 16.36 13.82 12.29 12.88 Recovery Angle Warp 142.3
146.0 158.0 158.3 150.6 160.3 152.3 Filling 140.3 148.3 138.6 160.0
153.3 154.0 144.0
[0073] The stability of the fabrics to light radiation, even after
15 washings, proved to be particularly satisfactory. From the data
of Table 10 it can be clearly seen how the breaking load of the
wool does not undergo any particular variations for all the
formulations tested (comprising washing with water alone), whereas
the elastic deformation of the wool, after prolonged exposure to
light, remains practically unaltered for the fabrics washed with
the formulations A23, A24 (containing fatty ester of salicyl acid)
and P2. For the washings with water alone, the value obtained shows
a greater yield of the same fibre, whereas for the fabrics washed
with the formulation P3 a drastic variation is observed with
respect to the non-exposed fabric, indicating a particular lack of
protection of the proteic structure from photonic radiation
action.
12TABLE 10 MERINO WOOL after 15 washings and light radiation (50
hours) A23 A24 P2 P3 Water Rad. 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 Load 0.089
0.087 0.091 0.087 0.10 0.097 0.099 0.089 0.103 0.096 Def. 18.0 17.4
15.4 14.4 15.1 14.0 19.4 14.0 19.4 0.7
[0074] Also prolonged radiation of the Silk Crepe fabrics
registered (see Table 11) decisively positive elastic deformation
values for the fabrics washed with the formulations containing
fatty ester of salicyl acid. In fact, after 50 hours of light
exposure, as indicated in Table 11, the values obtained for these
fabrics are much higher than those recorded for the formulations of
the commercial products P2 and P3.
13TABLE 11 SILK CREPE after 15 washings and light radiation (50
hours). A23 A24 A19 Radiat. 0 50 0 50 0 50 Load 0.130 0.119 0.128
0.125 0.129 0.125 Deform. 16.4 13.5 13.8 12.8 13.3 12.8 P2 P3 Water
Radiat. 0 50 0 50 0 50 Load 0.127 0.116 0.129 0.118 0.131 0.117
Deform. 12.3 11.3 12.9 10.8 11.4 11.1
[0075] Finally, evaluation of the conservation state of the fabrics
after 15 consecutive washings by the Softness Panel test (Table 12)
demonstrated that, apart from the satisfactory protective
properties of the keratinous fibres, the formulations containing
salicyl ester of the present invention give natural fabrics
(comprising cotton) a particularly satisfactory softness degree
which is even higher than the formulations of the commercial
products. This is possible even in the presence of anionic
surface-active agents (known for their aggressiveness towards
natural fabrics) and with a low concentration of compounds having
general formula (I).
14TABLE 12 Softness Panel test after 15 washings A19 A23 A24 P2 P3
Water Merino Wool 3 5 5 3.5 5 3 Silk Crepe 3.5 3.5 4.5 4 4 3 Cotton
3.5 4 4 3.5 4 2.5 TESTS EFFECTED ON HAIR
[0076] The evaluation of a control formulation (corresponding to a
commercial product called Gafquat.sup.R 755 N, active part
Poliquaternium.sup.R 11) and three formulations of the present
invention called ETI (dialkyl tartrate), EMI (dialkyl malate), ESI
(tridecyl salicylate), was carried out on 20 volunteers. The
composition of the above formulations is indicated in Table 13.
15TABLE 13 Tests effected on hair Name Cont. ETI EMI ESI
TEXAPON.sup.R NSO Laurylether sulfate 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 Tego.sup.R
Betain L7 Alkylamide propyl 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 betain GAFQUAT.sup.R
755 N Poliquaternium 11 0.3 ETI di-(C.sub.12-C.sub.13) alkyl 0.3
tartrate EMI di-(C.sub.12-C.sub.13) alkyl 0.3 malate ESI Tridecyl
Salicylate 0.3 Eukyl.sup.R K400 Preservative 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Perfume 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Water 87.2 87.2 87.2 87.2 Sodium chloride
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
[0077] The tricological parameters of the study (see table 14)
refer to the state of both wet hair and dry hair. Particular
attention is paid to:
[0078] a. Combability of wet hair (to show the incidence of the
formation of knots during the washing phase, index of low hair
greasiness);
[0079] b. Feel of wet hair (index of conditioning effect);
[0080] c. Combability of dry hair (index of sufficient hair
greasiness which can be associated with a lower formation of
electrostatic charges);
[0081] d. Anti-electrostatic effect (index of greater facility in
desired combing);
[0082] e. Feel of dry hair (index of the silkiness and consequently
pleasant feel of the hair, very important for acceptance on the
part of the consumer);
[0083] f. Easy handling (index of the facility for hair setting and
combing);
[0084] g. Duration of wave-sets (index of the capacity of the hair
to maintain sets effected by hair-dressers).
[0085] The scale of values used by experts are as follows:
16 1 Excellent; 5 Poor; except for the antistatic effect for which:
1 represents no electrostatic effect; 5 strong electrostatic
effect.
[0086]
17TABLE 14 Summary of Half Head Test results Cont EMI Cont ETI Cont
ESI Gloss 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 Wet hair combability 2.3 2.7 3.0
2.0 3.1 2.2 Wet hair feel 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.2 3.0 2.3 Dry hair
combability 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 3.0 2.6 Anti-electrost. effect 1.1 1.1
1.8 1.8 1.7 1.3 Hair handling 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.1 Dry hair feel
2.4 2.4 2.1 1.9 2.6 2.4 Wave-set duration 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.2
2.1
[0087] The control values may obviously change, even though the
formulation is the same, as the group of volunteers used for the
study changes.
[0088] From Table 14 it can be seen how, even with a low
concentration of use, the esters from alpha-hydroxyacids of the
present invention (EMI, ETI and ESI products) on the whole have
decisively positive tricological properties.
[0089] In the worst of hypotheses, the results obtained are
equivalent to the commercial product (GAFQUAT.sup.R 755N), while in
most cases much better values are observed for the parameters
indicated in Table 14.
[0090] In particular the feel of both wet and dry hair (expression
of the conditioning effect) proved to be extremely positive both in
the case of EMI and in the case of ESI, products used in the
formulations of the present invention.
* * * * *