U.S. patent application number 09/753104 was filed with the patent office on 2002-07-04 for retaining wall masonry block.
This patent application is currently assigned to Matt Stone, Inc.. Invention is credited to Dean, Jeffrey M., Mattox, Jeffrey A., Williams, Jeffrey S..
Application Number | 20020083657 09/753104 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 25029168 |
Filed Date | 2002-07-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020083657 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Mattox, Jeffrey A. ; et
al. |
July 4, 2002 |
Retaining wall masonry block
Abstract
A masonry block that may be used in construction of block walls
particularly retaining walls for retaining soil and preventing soil
erosion. A masonry block having at least one body with a front
face, back face, a pair of sides extending therebetween a top face
and a bottom face, defining a block having six major surfaces. One
of the sides has an opening therethrough that is in communication
with a cavity extending inwardly in relation to the body. The
cavity is sized and configured to receive at least a portion of a
hand therein to provide structure for easily grasping and lifting
the block. The centerline of the cavity extends from the opening
inwardly so that the angle between the centerline and the portion
of the side adjacent to the opening is less than 90 degrees, so
that the cupped fingers of a user may be received therein.
Inventors: |
Mattox, Jeffrey A.;
(Clearwater, FL) ; Dean, Jeffrey M.; (Tampa,
FL) ; Williams, Jeffrey S.; (Tampa, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WILLIAM S. VAN ROYEN
PETTIS & VAN ROYEN, P.A.
501 E. KENNEDY BOULEVARD, SUITE 700
TAMPA
FL
33602-5200
US
|
Assignee: |
Matt Stone, Inc.
|
Family ID: |
25029168 |
Appl. No.: |
09/753104 |
Filed: |
January 2, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/125.2 ;
405/286; 52/604; 52/605; 52/606 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 29/025 20130101;
E04C 1/395 20130101; E04B 2002/026 20130101; E04B 2002/0258
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/125.2 ;
52/605; 52/604; 52/606; 405/286 |
International
Class: |
E04H 012/34; E04G
021/14; E02D 035/00; E04C 002/04; E04B 005/04 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A masonry block, comprising: at least one body defined by a
front face, a back face, a pair of sides extending therebetween, a
top face and a bottom face; said body having a first opening
through one of said pair of sides and a first cavity being in
communication with said opening, said first cavity extending
inwardly said body, said first cavity being sized and configured to
receive at least a portion of a hand therein, said first cavity
having a centerline extending inwardly from said one side and the
angle between the centerline and the portion of said one side
adjacent said first opening being less than 90 degrees, so that the
cupped fingers of a user may be received therein.
2. A masonry block as in claim 1 wherein the centerline of said
cavity extends inwardly from said one side toward said front
face.
3. A masonry block as in claim 1 wherein the centerline of said
cavity extends inwardly from said one side toward said rear
face.
4. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: said first
cavity having at least one wall and at least a portion of said at
least one wall being arcuate.
5. A masonry block as in claim 4 further comprising: said at least
one wall of said first cavity having a planar shape defined by a
plane passing through said at least one wall at generally right
angles to the longitudinal axis of said first cavity, at least one
half of said planar shape being arcuate.
6. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: said cavity
having a longitudinal axis, and the width of said cavity proximal
said first opening into said cavity being smaller than the width of
said cavity proximal said longitudinal axis of said cavity.
7. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: said cavity
extending along a longitudinal axis through said bottom face of
said body, and said cavity having an end wall intersecting said
longitudinal axis and intersecting said at least one wall of said
cavity such that said cavity is closed in relation to said top face
of said body.
8. A masonry block as in claim 7 further comprising: said end wall
of said cavity extending inwardly from said one side of said pair
of sides to form an oblique angle with said wall of said cavity,
whereby said end wall is angled away from said top face of said
body.
9. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: at least one
groove extending along a portion of said bottom face generally
perpendicular to said front face and perpendicular to said rear
face, said groove being used as a guide for breaking said body into
separate portions along a plane passing through said groove.
10. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: a groove
extending along said bottom face generally parallel and proximal to
said back face, said groove being used as a guide for breaking said
body into separate portions along a plane passing through said
groove.
11. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: a groove
extending across each side of said pair of sides proximal to and
generally parallel to said front face, each said groove being used
as a guide for breaking said body into separate portions along a
plane passing through each said groove.
12. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: at least one
groove extending across said back face and lying in the same plane
as said at least one groove extending across said bottom face, said
groove extending across said back face being used as a guide for
breaking said body into separate portions along a plane passing
through said groove across said back face.
13. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: said body
having a second opening through the other one of said pair of sides
and a second cavity being formed such that said cavity extends
inwardly said body in communication with said second opening, said
cavity having at least one wall and being sized and configured to
receive at least a portion of a hand therein, said cavity having a
centerline extending inwardly from said other one of said pair of
sides such that the centerline is angled toward said front
face.
14. A masonry block as in claim 13 further comprising; said second
cavity having at least one wall having a planar shape defined by a
plane passing through said at least one wall at generally right
angles to the longitudinal axis of said second cavity, at least one
fourth of said planar shape being arcuate.
15. A masonry block as in claim 1 further comprising: a first wing
attached to one side of said pair of sides of said body adjacent to
said back face and a second wing attached to the other one of said
pair of sides, a channel formed in each said wing along the
juncture between said wings and said body.
16. A masonry block as in claim 1, wherein said at least one body
comprises a first body and a second body, said front face of said
first body being joined to said front face of said second body, a
groove being formed in said bottom surface along said interface
between said first and second bodies, said groove comprising a
guide for separating said first and second bodies along a plane
passing through said groove.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The current invention relates generally to masonry blocks
that may be used in construction of block walls. These masonry
blocks are particularly useful for constructing retaining walls for
retaining soil and preventing soil erosion.
[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0004] Masonry blocks that are used to construct walls are
well-known for both commercial and residential construction. Often
during construction of homes, buildings, bridges or other
residential and commercial structures, the existing soil levels
must be cut vertically or to sharp slopes which cannot be naturally
maintained. Varied structural elements have been used to construct
retaining walls to retain the soil therebehind and thus prevent
erosion.
[0005] The strength of the retaining walls depends upon the height
of the soil cut, the slope of the cut and the type of soil being
retained, whether sandy, loam or clay. Certainly walls of solid
concrete with extensive footers and dead man anchors would be able
to withstand significant soil pressures. The same wall could be
constructed of concrete block that is cemented in place; however,
this type wall would not be as strong and could not withstand the
same pressures as the solid concrete wall. For smaller jobs, for
example landscaping where only two or three layers of blocks may be
required, it is usually not necessary to cement the blocks in place
as their weight and the friction between the blocks is sufficient
to withstand the soil pressures. Additional strength may be
obtained by setting back each course of block so that the block
wall itself is angled or sloped toward the retained soil.
[0006] Retaining wall blocks must be heavy to accomplish their
purpose, and are therefore difficult to lift, carry and place in
the selected location. In order to carry the blocks it is necessary
to place the fingers underneath the blocks, which means the block
must be lifted in order to grip them from underneath, which is
difficult and awkward. Also, by carrying the blocks in this way the
fingers are between the block and the previous course of blocks
which makes placing the blocks difficult and can readily cause
injury to the fingers.
[0007] A number of inventions have attempted to overcome this
deficiency by forming holes in the tops of a blocks so that the
builder can reach into the hole and grasp a web that is formed
across the hole. These designs are difficult and expensive to mold.
In addition, it is preferred to use solid blocks for retaining
walls to provide the maximum weight, to prevent the back fill soil
from being washed out through open cavities and to eliminate the
need to fill such open cavities with gravel or grout.
[0008] Most retaining walls are not straight as they preferably
flow with the landscape design. Square blocks are difficult to use
for curved walls as the corners and edges of the square blocks will
project outwardly in convex curves. What is needed are blocks that
are constructed so that they may be placed side by side for
straight square walls and also capable of being easily broken so
that the blocks may be placed side-by-side to form a convex wall,
for example for placement around trees to protect tree roots.
[0009] Builders and masons are skilled in the art of breaking
bricks and blocks to fit in tight spaces or to form curved walls;
however, those less skilled find it difficult to break the blocks
in a uniform manner. What are needed are guides to assist
landscapers and other less skilled parties to consistently create a
selection of shapes.
[0010] Notwithstanding the existence of such prior art masonry
blocks, it remains clear that there is a need for solid masonry
blocks that are easy to handle, shape and place at the construction
site, particularly for the unskilled, like a landscaper or
homeowner.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention relates to a retaining wall masonry
block having at least one body. The body of the block has a front
face and a back face which are joined by a pair of sides extending
therebetween. One side extends from one end of the front face to a
corresponding end of the back face and the other side of said pair
of sides extends from the other end of the front face to the
corresponding other end of the back face. A top face joins the top
edges of the front face, back face, first side and second side. A
bottom face joins the bottom edges of the front face, back face,
first side and second side completing a block having six major
surfaces, the top face, bottom face, front face, back face, and a
pair of sides.
[0012] One of said sides has an opening therethrough that is in
communication with a cavity extending inwardly in relation to the
body to provide a handhold to aid in grasping the block for lifting
and carrying it. The centerline of the cavity forms an acute angle
with the portion of the side of the block that is adjacent the
opeining for reception of the cupped fingers of a user therein.
[0013] The invention accordingly comprises an article of
manufacturer possessing the features, properties, and the relation
to elements which will be exemplified in the article hereinafter
described, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the
claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be had to the following detailed
description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0015] FIG. 1 is an isometric view illustrating the construction of
one embodiment of a retaining wall from a plurality of the blocks
of this invention;
[0016] FIG. 2 is an isometric bottom view of a masonry block of
this invention, illustrating an embodiment of the masonry block
having two bodies;
[0017] FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the masonry block of this
invention, illustrating the separation of said masonry block of
FIG. 2 into two masonry blocks, each having one body;
[0018] FIG. 4 is a left side elevational view of a masonry block of
FIG. 1;
[0019] FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view of the masonry block
of FIG. 4;
[0020] FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view FIG. 3;
[0021] FIG. 7 is a detailed bottom view of a portion of a second
embodiment of the masonry block of this invention;
[0022] FIG. 8 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the cavity
taken a long line 8-8 of FIG. 6;
[0023] FIG. 9 is a detailed bottom plan view of the cavity of the
masonry block of this invention;
[0024] FIG. 10 is a rear elevational view of the masonry block of
FIG. 4;
[0025] FIG. 11 is a front elevational view of the masonry block of
FIG. 4; and
[0026] FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of the masonry block
illustrating the separation of the masonry block into a plurality
of components by breakage of the masonry block along its various
grooves.
[0027] Similar reference characters refer to similar parts
throughout the several views of the drawings and additional
embodiments are identified by reference characters increased in
increments of 100.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0028] A preferred embodiment for the masonry block of this
invention is illustrated in the drawing FIGS. 1, 3-6, and 10-12 and
is generally indicated as 10. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3,a
masonry block 10 comprises at least one body 12. As shown in FIG. 3
and FIG. 4, each body is defined by a front face 14, a back face
16, a pair of sides 18 and 20 that extend between the front face
and the back face, a top face 22 and a bottom face 24.
[0029] As shown in FIG. 2, in one preferred embodiment the masonry
block 10 is comprised of two bodies 12 that are identical to one
another, but are formed together along the common front face 114 as
a single masonry block 110. The bodies 112 are then separated for
individual use as shown in FIG. 3. The separation of the two bodies
provides a roughened surface creating architectural interest. In
another preferred embodiment, the masonry block 10 may be
constructed with a single body 12. The embodiment discussed below
will be primarily a masonry block 10 having a single body 12.
[0030] The body 12 further comprises a first opening 26 in one of
the pair of sides 18 and 20. For convenience, the first opening 26
will be shown in the drawings as passing through side 20, as shown
in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. A first cavity 28 is formed so that it
extends inwardly into the body 12 so that it is in communication
with the opening 26. The first cavity 28 is sized and configured to
receive at least a portion of a user's hand through the opening 26
and into the first cavity 28. As seen in FIG. 6, the centerline A
of the first cavity 28 extends from the first opening 26 inwardly
from the side 20 and angles toward the front face 14. The angle B,
between the centerline A and a portion of the side 20 that is
adjacent to the first opening 26, is less than 90 degrees. This
permits the fingers of a user, when inserted through the first
opening 26 and into the first cavity 28, to be cupped while holding
the body 12 of the block 10, providing an improved grip. For the
purposes of this application, fingers are defined to be cupped when
a plane passing through the finger joints closest to the fingertips
lies at an angle less than 90 degrees to a plane passing through
the palm.
[0031] As seen in FIG. 6 and 8, the first cavity 28 is comprised of
at least one wall 30 that is arcuate. In other embodiments, the
wall 30 of the cavity 28 may be subdivided into additional walls in
which some are straight and others are arcuate. A longitudinal axis
C extends the length of the first cavity 28. In a preferred
embodiment, as seen in FIG. 6., the bottom face 24 comprises a
plane that is generally at right angles to the longitudinal axis C.
Therefore, in FIG. 6 the view of the wall 30 of the cavity 28 as it
penetrates the bottom face 24 defines a planar shape 32. At least
one-half of this planar shape is arcuate.
[0032] As seen in FIG. 8 and FIG. 5, first cavity 28 extends
through the bottom face 24 of the body 12 so that it is open. An
end wall 34 intersects the longitudinal axis C and the cavity wall
30 proximal the top face 22 such that the first cavity is closed in
relation to the top face 22 of the body 12. The end wall 34 extends
inwardly from the side 20 to form an oblique angle with the wall
30, the end wall 34 also being angled away from the top face 22 of
the body 12.
[0033] As seen in FIG. 9, the width of the cavity 28 is defined as
the dimensions taken between opposing sides of the wall 30 in a
plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis C. The width
dimension lines D and E being perpendicular to said centerline A.
In a preferred embodiment, the width D of the cavity proximal to
the first opening 26 is less than the width E proximal the
longitudinal axis C.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, to make the block easier to lift,
carry, and put in place, a second opening 36 is formed through the
other side of the pair of sides, conveniently side 18. A second
cavity 38 is formed in the body 12 so that it is in communication
with the second opening 32. This second opening 36 and cavity 38 is
identical in structure to the first opening 26 and the first cavity
28, and is a mirror image thereof.
[0035] In a third embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 7, the centerline
A' of the second cavity 238 of the body 212 extends inwardly from
the side 218 and angles toward the back face 216. The angle B',
between the centerline A' and a portion of the side 218 that is
adjacent to the second opening 236 is less than 90 degrees. In this
embodiment, the first cavity 228 remains as a mirror image of the
second cavity 238.
[0036] As can be seen in FIG. 6, the bottom face 24 of the body 12
has a plurality of grooves formed therein. There is a least one
groove 40 extending along a portion of the bottom face 24 generally
perpendicular to the front face 14 and perpendicular to the back
face 16. In the embodiment illustrated there are three such grooves
spaced apart from one another. There is also a groove 42 extending
along the bottom face 24 that is generally parallel with and
proximal to the back face 16. As seen in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a
groove 44 is formed in side wall 18 and side wall 20, which is
proximal the front face 14 and parallel thereto. As seen in FIG. 6
and FIG. 10, at least one groove 46 is formed in the back face 16.
In a preferred embodiment, this groove lies in the same plane as a
corresponding groove 40 in the bottom face 24. Also, in a preferred
embodiment, as illustrated, there are three grooves 46, each lying
in a plane with a corresponding groove 40 in the bottom face 24. In
the embodiment 110, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a groove 148 is
formed across the bottom face 124 along a plane extending between
the front face (not shown) of each block 112.
[0037] As can be seen in FIG. 12 and FIG. 2, the block 10 and the
block 110 may be separated into separate portions by breaking the
block along various planes. The grooves 40, 42, 44, 46 and 148 are
used as guides for breaking the blocks. For example, the masonry
block 110 is split into two separate bodies by breaking the block
along groove 148. The user scores the block on the top face 22
opposite the groove 148 to weaken the block so that the crack
splitting the block into two portions will generally lie along a
plane passing through the groove 148 and the scored line. In the
same fashion, as shown in FIG. 12, the block 10 may be separated
into many different sized blocks by scoring the side opposite the
groove. In some cases, for example when breaking off a corner piece
12a or 12b, it may be necessary to score along the top face and
bottom face along a plane that passes through the groove 44 and the
break line 50 to provide a generally clean break.
[0038] The body 12 further comprises a first wing 52 extending
outwardly from the first side 18 proximal the back face 16. On an
opposite end of the back face a second wing 54 extends outwardly
from the second side 20 proximal the back face 16. In a preferred
embodiment, as disclosed in FIG. 6, each wing 52 and 54 includes a
portion of the back face 16 as a part of the wing. A longitudinally
extending channel 56 that has a hemispherical cross-section is
formed in each wing 52 and 54 along the line of juncture between
the wings 52 and 54 and the body 12. This hemispherical channel
strengthens the joint between the wings 52 and 54 and the body 12,
preventing unwanted breakage of the wings. A pair of protrusions 58
extend outwardly from the bottom face 24. The protrusions 58
comprise truncated pyramids having the sides of the pyramid that
run parallel to the back face 16 being longer than the other sides
of the pyramid.
[0039] Having thus set forth a preferred construction for the
current invention, is to the remembered that these are but
preferred embodiments. Attention is now invited to a description of
the use of the masonry block 10.
[0040] The block 10 is normally sold with a single body 12, as the
block 110 having two bodies 12 is split in the factory using
equipment that easily breaks the blocks along the desired planes.
By breaking the block, as shown in FIG. 1, a roughened surface is
created for architectural interest. To increase the architectural
interest, the corners 12a and 12b, as shown in FIG. 12, may also be
removed from the body 12 of the block 10 prior to sale.
[0041] Once the blocks 10 have been delivered to the work site,
they may be easily carried by inserting the fingers of one hand
into the first cavity 28 and the fingers of the other hand into the
second cavity 38. With the palms of the hands lying along the
corresponding sides 20 and 18, the fingers must be curled toward
the palm of the hand so that they are cupped permitting an easier
grip of the block 10. To construct a wall as shown in FIG. 1, a
first row of blocks is laid along a straight line on the subgrade
so they are side-by-side. The next row of blocks is staggered so
that the second layer of blocks are centered over the gap between
two lower blocks. A stronger wall is created by offsetting the
blocks so the front face of the wall slopes backward into the soil
being retained. To easily do this with the blocks 10, the second
row of the blocks 10 are placed so that the protrusions 56 extend
over and beyond the back face 16 of the lower row of blocks. Soil
is back filled behind the blocks as each layer is raised to prevent
the block wall from tipping.
[0042] Frequently walls must be curved to fit the landscape
requirements. To do this one or more of the wings of each block may
be removed so that the sides of adjacent blocks may lay closely
together and yet angled to form a wall having a curved front face.
The greater the taper, from the front face 14 to the back face 16
formed in the blocks, the sharper the convex curve that can be
formed in the wall. The wings 52 and 54 provide stability to the
blocks and the wall when the wall portion is straight. Frequently,
there is a need for smaller portions of block 10 to finish out a
wall, these can be obtained by breaking the block 10 along a
selected groove. If the block is broken along groove 42 to remove
the wings and the back face 16, the portion 12c of the block 10 may
be used as a wall cap to finish the top of the wall.
[0043] While the foregoing describes a particularly preferred
embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that
numerous variations and modifications of the structure will occur
to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the foregoing description
is to be considered illustrative only of the principles of this
invention and is not to be considered limitative thereof, the scope
of the invention being determined solely by the claims appended
hereto.
* * * * *