U.S. patent application number 09/794488 was filed with the patent office on 2002-07-04 for rapidly deployable protective enclosure.
Invention is credited to Hilbert, Clint J..
Application Number | 20020083653 09/794488 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46277359 |
Filed Date | 2002-07-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020083653 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hilbert, Clint J. |
July 4, 2002 |
RAPIDLY DEPLOYABLE PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE
Abstract
A rapidly deployable protective enclosure is constructed from a
flexible membrane surrounding a framework of inflatable support
members each individually coupled to a central fluid distribution
system. Each inflatable support member is individually repairable
or replaceable from within the enclosure without effecting the
structural integrity of the remaining framework. A system is
provided to make the enclosure air tight along interlocking tongue
and groove tracks, and an air tight passage between modularly
connected enclosures is also provided.
Inventors: |
Hilbert, Clint J.; (Parker
Ford, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Law Offices of Charles A. Wilkinson
68 East Broad Street
P.O. Box 1426
Bethlehem
PA
18016-1426
US
|
Family ID: |
46277359 |
Appl. No.: |
09/794488 |
Filed: |
February 27, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09794488 |
Feb 27, 2001 |
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09393607 |
Sep 10, 1999 |
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6192633 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/2.17 ;
52/2.12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H 15/20 20130101;
E04H 1/1277 20130101; E04H 15/14 20130101; E04H 2015/201 20130101;
E04H 2015/206 20130101; E04H 15/18 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/2.17 ;
52/2.12 |
International
Class: |
E04B 001/34; E04G
011/04; E04H 015/20 |
Claims
I claim:
1. A rapidly deployable structure for use in adverse or hostile
conditions comprising: a. a plurality of inflatable support members
dimensioned to receive an inflating fluid and disposed in a spaced
apart relationship within a protective covering, such inflatable
support members defining a frame for support of the protective
covering upon introduction and retention of a fluid therein, b. a
fluid distribution assembly mounted in conjunction with the
protective covering and adapted for fluid communication between the
plurality of inflatable support members and an inflating fluid
source, such that fluid communication may occur individually or
collectively between the fluid source and each inflatable support
member, c. the protective covering having an inside surface
adjacent which the plurality of inflatable support members are
disposed, and an outside surface subject to external environmental
conditions, d. each inflatable support member having a first end
coupleable to the fluid distribution member and a second end
opposite the first end and adapted to maintain a fluid within such
support member, e. each inflatable support member being separately
coupleable and decoupleable with respect to the fluid distribution
assembly and removable from within the structure, such that the
removal and replacement of an inflatable support member with
respect to the fluid distribution assembly does not change the
amount of fluid present in any inflatable support member that
remains coupled to the fluid distribution member.
2. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 1
wherein the fluid distribution assembly comprises a plurality of
independent inflation fluid feed members with associated
controllable valves that enable independent control of the passage
of fluid between each inflatable support member and the fluid
distribution assembly.
3. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 2
wherein each of the valves is switchable between a first position
allowing ingress of the inflating fluid to the associated
inflatable support member but preventing egress of the inflating
fluid therefrom, and a second position allowing egress of the
inflating fluid therefrom.
4. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 1
wherein the fluid distribution assembly comprises a manifold
communicating with the inflatable support members releasably
retained against the inside surface of the protective covering.
5. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 3
further comprising a sleeve associated with each inflatable support
member that releasably retains each inflatable support member
against the inside surface of the protective covering.
6. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 1
wherein the fluid distribution assembly comprises an at least
partially circumferential inflation fluid manifold adjacent the
lower ends of the inflatable support members.
7. A rapidly deployable structure in accordance with claim 6
wherein at least partially circumferential inflation fluid manifold
is a flexible structure.
8. A system for achieving an air tight doorway between the interior
and exterior of an enclosure comprising: a. an interlocking track
having an initial end and a terminal end which defines therethrough
a passageway between the interior and exterior of the enclosure, b.
a slidable sealing member having a handle member and a tip portion,
the slidable sealing member being slidable on the interlocking
track from the initial end of the track to the terminal end,
wherein the movement of the slidable sealing member from the
initial end of the track to the terminal end of the track causes a
closure of the passageway between the interior and exterior of the
enclosure, while movement of the slidable sealing member from the
terminal end of the track to the initial end of the track causes an
opening of the passageway between the interior and exterior of the
enclosure, and c. a chamber of at least semi-fluid material
positioned at the terminal end of the interlocking track into which
the slidable sealing member slides for blocking an opening just
beyond the tip portion of the slidable sealing member that is
present between the interior and exterior of the enclosure.
9. A system for achieving an air tight doorway in accordance with
claim 8 wherein the at least semi-fluid material has a low
viscosity.
10. A system for achieving an air tight doorway in accordance with
claim 9 wherein the at least semi-fluid material is non-toxic.
11. A system for achieving an air tight doorway in accordance with
claim 10 wherein the level of fluid in the chamber is monitorable
and maintainable from the interior of the enclosure.
12. A system for achieving an air tight doorway between the
interior and exterior of an enclosure in accordance with claim 8
wherein the interlocking track is a plastic track with an
interlocking groove and extension interlocking which is operated by
a traveler along the track.
13. A system in accordance with claim 12 wherein there are multiple
adjoining grooves and extensions.
14. A system for achieving an air tight passageway between at least
two enclosures wherein the doorway of each enclosure is surrounded
by a flexible covering extending away each such doorway,
comprising: a. a first flexible covering surrounding the first
doorway on the first enclosure having a first edge connected to the
first enclosure and a second edge extended away from the first
enclosure b. a second flexible covering surrounding the second
doorway on the second enclosure having a first edge connected to
the second enclosure and a second edge extended away from the
second enclosure, c. the second edge from the first flexible
covering having along its perimeter a first compressive ring member
housed within a first channel section, d. the second edge from the
second flexible covering having along its perimeter a second
compressive ring member housed within a second channel section, and
e. wherein an air tight seal is created by the compressive joinder
of the first and second channel sections which causes the sealing
compression of the first and second ring sections along the
perimeter of each flexible covering.
15. A system for achieving an air tight passageway in accordance
with claim 14 wherein the first channel section comprises a larger
cross section than the second channel section which results in an
abutment of the first and second ring members upon the compressive
joinder of the two channels sections.
16. A system for achieving an air tight passageway in accordance
with claim 1 5 wherein the larger channel section is of a "J" shape
cross section defined by a longer arm section and two shorter arm
sections, and the smaller channel section is of a "C" shape cross
section defined by three shorter arm sections and the compressive
joinder of the two channels sections resulting in the abutment of
the ring members is caused by an overlap of the longer arm section
of the larger channel section over one of the shorter arm sections
of the smaller channel section.
17. A system for achieving an air tight passageway in accordance
with claim 14 further comprising a detachable passageway arranged
between the first and second flexible coverings having two edges
terminating in compressive ring members within channel sections and
such detachable passageway ring members adapted for compressive
abutment with the ring members associated with the flexible
coverings of the enclosures and such channel sections associated
with the detachable passageway being adapted for compressive
joinder with the channel sections associated with the flexible
coverings of the enclosure, and upon the compressive joinder of the
channel sections associated with the detachable passageway and the
flexible coverings of each enclosure, to create an air tight seal
between such enclosures through the detachable passageway.
18. A system for achieving an air tight passageway in accordance
with claim 1 7 further comprising clamping members arranged about
the compressive joinder of channel sections to maintain the joinder
of such channel sections.
19. A system for achieving an air tight passageway in accordance
with claim 18 further comprising clamping members arranged about
the compressive joinder of channel sections to maintain the joinder
of such channel sections.
Description
RELATED INVENTIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
application Ser. No. 09/393,607 filed Sep. 10, 1995.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to rapidly erectable, protective
enclosures, and more particularly, to a structure capable of being
water tight and air tight and supported by a network of inflatable
supports having superior strength and durability, which supports
are individually repairable and replaceable from within the
protective enclosure without sacrificing the operational framework
or compromising the integrity of the enclosure as a whole and
includes air tight securable doorways in such protective
disclosures and passageways between enclosures.
[0004] 2. Preliminary Discussion
[0005] Temporary shelters or enclosures are designed to be at least
relatively rapidly deployable to protect occupants and their
belongings from adverse or hostile environmental conditions.
Campers and hikers, for example, rely on tents for protection from
the rain, insects and the like. Such tents are usually lightweight,
portable, easy to erect and break down, and constructed from
materials particularly adapted for providing the necessary
protection from all anticipated adverse conditions. A hiker's tent,
for example, might be constructed primarily from waterproof
material on the sides and bottom to shield the occupants from rain,
storms and the like, yet have a sufficient amount of netting near
the top to allow for the passage of air to and from the outside,
with such netting being fine enough to keep even the most
persistent insects from invading the enclosed area. A temporary,
protective enclosure might, for example, also be constructed
primarily from netting material if insects are a principal issue
and the weather is not.
[0006] Temporary shelters or enclosures are, by their very nature,
generally not indestructible, and are designed to withstand
considerably less abuse than a so-called "brick and mortar"
construction. Portable shelters involve a balance of
transportability and protection, with the least amount of
protection usually afforded to the shelter with the greatest amount
of portability or transportability. Of course, the concepts of
portability and protection are highly relative, depending on
whether occupants are a pair of hikers traversing the mountain
wilderness for two weeks, or a team of doctors desiring to
establish a temporary decontamination unit in the parking lot of a
corporation for employee victims exposed to a spill or chemical
disaster.
[0007] Regardless of its nature, anyone using or administrating the
continued operation of a temporary shelter or enclosure should be
equipped with or have available some means of repair in response to
breakage or an unforeseen destructive incident. In certain
situations, failure to repair a temporary shelter may have serious
consequences, particularly if the occupants are relying on the
integrity of the shelter to shield them from potentially
life-threatening environmental hazards. Temporary enclosures
designed for military application are often concerned with a level
of protection extending far beyond pesky insects, involving
protection from chemical and biological warfare, nuclear radiation
and fallout, and traditional ordnance hazards, for example,
projectile blasts, flying shrapnel and debris, which makes the
ability to successfully repair a shelter a top, if not a life and
death, priority.
[0008] Portable shelters or enclosures having diverse military
field application must be designed to effectively withstand many of
the above mentioned chemical, biological, nuclear and ordnance-type
hazards. While fabric tents or sandbag bunkers might be sufficient
for certain situations, such shelters would be woefully inadequate
as a means to protect soldiers from microscopic warfare agents,
i.e. biological, chemical or the like agents. Traditional fabric
and other military-type tents also suffer from their inability to
be quickly deployed or deployable, usually involving considerable
efforts during erection by a team of soldiers, particularly when
the frame of the tent comprises multiple rigid supports anchored by
multiple stakes and lines. An effective temporary and portable
shelter, particular for military application, would be able to not
only shield the occupants from particularly hazardous environmental
conditions, but would also be rapidly deployable in response to
emergency situations where lives are at risk and every moment
counts, and also rapidly and effectively repairable so that any
breach in the integrity of the enclosure can be rapidly and
effectively rectified from within the enclosure, without requiring
the repairperson to risk exposure to outside hazardous
environmental conditions.
[0009] The present inventor has perceived a need to provide a
protective enclosure that is particularly suited for both military
and non-military applications, that is rapidly deployable in
response to emergent conditions, that is easily transportable
without sacrificing protective sturdiness, and is easily repairable
from within the enclosure. The present inventor has designed a
protective enclosure that utilizes an inflatable, structural
framework of high strength, sturdiness, and versatility, that is
encased in a protective membrane that shields the occupants and
their belongings from adverse and hostile environmental conditions,
such as weather-related, chemical, biological, nuclear and
ordnance-type hazards, such as artillery fire and the like, and
that is further repairable from the inside of the enclosure so as
to minimize or prevent exposure to such adverse or hostile
environmental conditions during any such repair. The structural
framework is preferably created from a plurality of individual
tubular supports disposed in a spaced apart relationship and
inflated under high pressure conditions, which transforms such
tubes into so-called "air beams," making the framework extremely
sturdy as compared with conventional inflatable tent structures,
which are almost invariably inflated under low pressure conditions.
Each tubular support is individually removable and replaceable
without sacrificing the inflation integrity of the framework as a
whole. Furthermore, the protective membrane that encases the
inflatable framework is designed to create an air-tight environment
within the enclosure, which enables use of the enclosure,
incorporated with life-support means, in even the most hostile and
hazardous environmental conditions.
[0010] The rapidly deployable enclosure of the present invention
represents an advance over prior art inflatable structures not seen
before. Conventional prior art enclosures are generally inflatable
under low pressure conditions, i.e. one to ten pounds per square
inch, which tends to be sufficient to only establish and maintain
the framework in a freestanding condition. The enclosure of the
present invention is inflatable under high pressure conditions,
which has the benefit of increased strength and sturdiness, and
transforms the inflatable framework into a network of beam-like
structures of considerable rigidity. These beam-like frame supports
of the present invention have the added benefit of being separately
manipulatable within the structural framework, so as to be
individually replaceable and repairable without sacrificing the
operation and stability of the framework as a whole. The rapidly
deployable enclosure of the present invention is also capable of
modular operation in an interconnected fashion with other rapidly
deployable enclosures to form a system or complex of modularly
arranged, enclosed units. Each enclosed unit in the system could
function in a distinct manner, depending on the needs of the
occupants and system administrator, and each unit could therefore
be equipped with unique services having distinct functionalities. A
typical use might, for example, involve decontamination services,
where an occupant might proceed in stages through a modular
arrangement of protective enclosures and experience successively
greater levels of decontamination with the passage through each
successive enclosure unit.
[0011] 3. Description of Related Art
[0012] The prior art is replete with temporary structures and
shelters of the inflatable type, which are relatively rapidly
deployable. The prior art does not, however, disclose a versatile,
inflatable enclosure having replaceable, beam-like structural
supports, and further capable, through air-tight means of
protecting the occupants of such enclosure from a variety of
hostile and adverse environmental conditions. Some examples of
prior art inflatable structures are as follows:
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 2,812,769 to Schaefer et al. discloses a
hemispheric shelter comprised of interconnected inflatable air
chambers initially inflated with air and then filled with a
flowable, plastic substance that hardens with time. The rib-like
structural framework is entirely interconnected, and each rib-like
unit is not individually replaceable or repairable. The Schaefer et
al. tent is also not easily collapsible, since the hardened
composition present within the interconnected chambers is not
easily transformable back into a liquid or bottled, transportable
substance.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,435 to Polise et al. discloses a
hemispheric shelter having inflatable wall and floor sections that
are only patch-like repairable, not replaceable, as with the
inflatable tubular supports of the present invention.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,762 to Wayman discloses a framework of
inflatable support tubes arranged in an interconnected fashion and
fed by a single air source. The inflatable air tubes are
interconnected, such that a breach in the integrity of any of the
support tubes would cause the entire unit to loose air pressure and
eventually collapse.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,597 to Healey discloses an
interconnected decontamination shelter system having a rigid,
structural framework that is neither modularly interconnectible
with other units nor rapidly, inflatingly deployable.
[0017] U.S. Pat. No. 4,876,829 to Mattick discloses a tent having a
system of interconnected tubes inflatable through a single, central
manifold. The tubes are situated along the outside of the tent
structure and attached to the tent wall panels by sections of
flange-like material. The Mattick support tubes are particularly
susceptible to external environmental conditions, not easily
repairable or replaceable from within the tent, and a breach in the
integrity of one of the support tubes would cause the entire unit
to lose air pressure and eventually collapse.
[0018] U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,481 to Seeley, Jr. discloses a shelter
having individually inflatable chambers or air cells formed within
the shelter walls. The individually inflatable cells form ribs that
create the framework of the shelter. Each rib is connected to a
one-way valve that prevents a loss in air pressure to the entire
framework upon the occurrence of a loss in air pressure to one of
the cells or ribs. The Seeley, Jr. inflatable cells are not,
however, individually replaceable without breaching the integrity
of the tent surface.
[0019] U.S. Pat. No. 5,394,897 to Ritchey et al. discloses a system
of modularly interconnected tents joined by connection modules. The
Ritchey et al. system does not incorporate rapidly deployable and
inflatable tent structures, nor does it provide a level of
protection sufficient to shield occupants from microscopic or
microbiological contaminants.
[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 5,546,707 to Caruso discloses a bladder
enclosed within a fabric covering that is further riveted on both
ends and capable of serving as a construction device or member.
Caruso discloses construction of a goal post, soccer goal or fence
post, using high pressure construction members, but does not
disclose an inflatable tent structure having construction members
that are individually repairable or replaceable. The Caruso
construction members also have riveted end caps that are
permanently attached to the inflatable tubes, making repair or
replacement of such tubes or their individual parts in the field a
virtual impossibility.
[0021] U.S. Pat. No. 5,832,919 to Kano et al. discloses a portable,
inflatable enclosure for providing a suitable breathing environment
for persons with allergies and the like. A positive pressure within
the enclosure purges the enclosure of unwanted allergens and
provides a steady supply of filtered air. The Kano et al. structure
is composed of individually inflatable wall sections that form the
inside and outside surfaces of the enclosure, which limits the
repair of any one of the wall sections to a simple patch, making
replacement of individual wall sections a virtual impossibility
absent replacement of the entire structure.
[0022] The prior art discloses a variety of inflatable enclosures
that serve as temporary protective environments. None of the prior
art structures, however, employ a rapidly inflatable, structural
framework akin to that of the present invention, and more
particularly, none of the prior art structures disclose a rapidly
deployable construction having inflatable, beam-like supports that
are individually replaceable and/or repairable from within the
protective enclosure. Further, none of the prior art references
show or disclose a rapidly deployable enclosure capable of creating
an air-tight environment for the prevention of microscopic
contaminants from invading such environment. The rapidly deployable
protective enclosure of the present invention provides a unique
structure having particular military appeal, although non-military
use is also contemplated, with a substantially rigid framework
provided by inflatable structural support members that are
individually repairable and replaceable from within the protective
enclosure.
[0023] The prior art also does not show an effective gas tight seal
for openings in a protective enclosure used for ingress and egress
nor a effective seal between passageways between connected
protective enclosures. These lacks of the prior art have been
remedied by improvements in the present invention.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0024] It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to
provide a rapidly deployable protective enclosure for use in
adverse or hostile conditions that is capable of supporting life
within such enclosure and further capable of being structurally
repaired from within such enclosure.
[0025] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
rapidly deployable protective enclosure having an inflatable
framework or support structure, wherein each inflatable support
member is repairable or replaceable from within the protective
enclosure without affecting the operation of the remaining support
members.
[0026] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide a rapidly deployable protective enclosure that is air-tight
and resistant to a variety of environmental, chemical, biological,
microbiological and ordnance hazards.
[0027] It is a still further object of the present invention to
provide a rapidly deployable protective enclosure that is of
modular construction and capable of modular, air-tight connections
with other rapidly deployable protective enclosures to form
clusters or groupings of protective enclosures.
[0028] Still other objects and advantages of the invention will
become clear upon review of the following detailed description in
conjunction with the appended drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0029] The rapidly deployable protective enclosure of the invention
is comprised of a flexible membrane or covering surrounding a
framework or network of inflatable support members coupled to a
central fluid distribution system or manifold. Each inflatable
support member is capable of individual fluid communication with a
fluid source, such that the inflatable support members may be
inflated individually or collectively, and deflated individually or
collectively, through the use of switchable valves positioned on
the manifold. Repair or replacement of any one of the individual
inflatable support members may be accomplished from within the
protective enclosure and without affecting the operation of the
remaining support members by detaching the problem support member
from the fluid distribution system and reattaching and reinflating
a replacement support member after reattachment of such replacement
support member to the fluid distribution system. The rapidly
deployable protective enclosure of the invention is also equipped
with an air-tight seal or means of ingress and egress which enables
the enclosure to be completely isolated from its environment. A
unique gel system is incorporated into the doorway which provides
an air-tight seal between the interior and exterior of the
protective enclosure. There is also provided a detachable
passageway which is connectable between adjoining protective
enclosures, and a unique sealing system is enclosed which enables
such passage between modularly adjoining or coupled enclosures to
also be air-fight.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] FIG. 1 is an overall view of an erected rapidly deployable
enclosure of the present invention.
[0031] FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a connection between an
inflatable support member, end caps and a manifold member present
within the enclosure of the invention.
[0032] FIG. 2A is a partial view of an inflatable support member in
preparation for attachment to an end cap.
[0033] FIG. 2B is a closeup view of a connection made between an
inflatable support member and an end cap.
[0034] FIG. 2C is a diagrammatic view of an inflatable support
member in support position against the inner surface of the
protective membrane of the enclosure.
[0035] FIG. 2D is a partially cutaway view of an alternative
embodiment of an inflatable support member having a cross section
that is other than circular or tubular.
[0036] FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a network of inflatable
support members and a separate fluid source coupled to the manifold
of the invention.
[0037] FIG. 3A is a closeup diagrammatic view of a switchable valve
located on the manifold.
[0038] FIGS. 4 through 4B are sectional views of several different
embodiments of the materials constituting the protective membrane
or coverings used in a variety of areas throughout an enclosure of
the present invention.
[0039] FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the sealing means of the
invention located on the doorway of an enclosure of the
invention.
[0040] FIG. 5A is a side view of the sealing means showing a fluid
or gel-based system that provides air-tight sealing.
[0041] FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the operation of
an environmental control unit on a pair of enclosures.
[0042] FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a wind cover extending away
from the doorway of an enclosure.
[0043] FIG. 7A is a diagrammatic view of a detachable passageway
attached between two wind covers from two different enclosures.
[0044] FIGS. 7B through 7G illustrate the joinder and attachment of
the sealing members between the detachable passageway and wind
covers and also illustrates the creation of an air tight seal using
compression means.
[0045] FIG. 8 is a top view of an enclosure of the invention having
multiple doorways or means of ingress and egress.
[0046] FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view of a plurality of enclosures
modularly connected.
[0047] FIGS. 10 through 10G illustrate one method of a stepwise
folding of a collapsed enclosure in preparation for storage.
[0048] FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic view of an enclosure comprising
bullet resistant shields in the extended and folded positions.
[0049] FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic view of an alternative embodiment
of an inflatable support member having a collar or elbow positioned
between two inflatable support member units for the reduction of
bending stress on the support member units.
[0050] FIG. 13 is an overall view of an erected rapidly deployable
enclosure of the present invention similar to that shown in FIG. 1,
but wherein instead of a common manifold or air supply at the top
of the enclosure there is provided a common air supply for all the
inflatable support members at the bottom of the structure.
[0051] FIG. 14 is similar FIG. 13 except that individual tabular
manifolds lead from a central control to each inflatable support
member.
[0052] FIG. 15 is similar to FIGS. 13 and 14 except that the lower
manifold comprises a circumferential inflation liquid maintaining
member adjacent the bottom of or under the inflatable support
members.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0053] The rapidly deployable protective enclosure of the present
invention is a unique structure supported by a framework of
individually inflatable support members, which have unique
beam-like characteristics upon inflation, and that are wrapped or
encased by a flexible membrane or covering. Each of the support
members is independently inflatable, valve-checked and pressure
regulated to provide longitudinal stability and torsional
resistance to the entire framework. The inflatable, beam-like
support members are coupleable to a central fluid distribution
unit, manifold, or system that divides and regulates the fluid
pressure within the inflatable supports and further maintains the
inflation of the support members upon decoupling of a fluid source.
The inflatable supports can vary in size and diameter depending on
the size of the enclosure, and can withstand high pressures,
typically 100+ psi without rupture. As noted above, each beam-like
support is independent of the others, allowing a single beam-like
support to be replaced or repaired while the rest of the inflatable
network remains freestanding, inflated and operational. The
inflatable network is pocketed inside the flexible membrane and
folds flat inside the enclosure in its collapsed state or as it is
re-packed. Such network is also a clear span structure with no
uprights or supporting posts, and the rapidly deployable enclosure
of the invention does not require the use of rope, line, cord or
cable to be erected.
[0054] The use of inflatable support beams makes the protective
enclosure extremely lightweight and fast erecting. Having
individually chambered beams also ensures greater reliability under
harsh conditions, since a failure of one beam-like support will not
result in the total deflation or collapse of the entire network of
supports. Furthermore, providing an air tight and water tight
environment enables use of the protective enclosure in contaminated
or hazardous environments, and a quick-connect modular capability
enables the fast erection of a group, system or village of
enclosures, with each enclosure having the potential for unique
functionality.
[0055] The following detailed description is of the best mode or
modes of the invention presently contemplated. Such description is
not intended to be understood in a limiting sense, but to be an
example of the invention presented solely for illustration thereof,
and by reference to which in connection with the following
description and the accompanying drawings one skilled in the art
may be advised of the advantages and construction of the
invention.
[0056] FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a rapidly deployable
protective enclosure in accordance with the present invention 100
erected for purposes of illustration into a dome-shaped structure.
The general features of the enclosure of the invention will be
described generally in FIG. 1, and each feature will be explored in
more detail in the figures to follow. The freestanding structural
framework, shown for purposes of illustration with solid lines,
even through the framework is on the inside of the enclosure,
comprises a network of a plurality of inflatable support members or
tubes 200 disposed in spaced apart relationship and coupled near
the apex 110 of the erected enclosure 100 to a manifold or fluid
distribution means 300. A flexible membrane, covering or barrier
400, having an outer surface or in some cases an outer surface
material 420 and an inner surface or in some cases an inner surface
material 440, is extended around the framework and is adapted to be
supported in the configuration of the enclosure of the invention.
The inflatable supports 200 and manifold 300 are preferably
removably attachable to the inner surface 440 of the flexible
membrane 400 for ease of repair and replacement in the field, or
during use of the enclosure in a remote location. At least one
doorway 500, or a means for ingress and egress between the outside
130 and the interior 120 of the enclosure of the invention, is
provided with a flexible flap or flaps 502, which are further
provided with a sealing means 600 that is preferably capable of
creating an air-tight seal between the exterior 130 and interior
120 of the enclosure. A flooring 700 is attached to the protective
covering or membrane 400 along the lower perimeter of the
enclosure, and such flooring 700 may extend upwardly from the
bottom of the enclosure in a heightened or raised perimeter band
710 partially around the flexible membrane 400. The erected
enclosure 100 of FIG. 1 is obtained by coupling a fluid source 800
to the manifold 300 via a coupling line 830 and communicating fluid
from the fluid source 800 through valves (not shown) in the
manifold 300 to the inflatable support members or tubes 200. Once
the support members 200 are inflated to a predetermined degree or
pressure such that the inflated support members create a
freestanding framework, the fluid source 800 is decoupled from the
manifold 300 and valves in the manifold 300 maintain the enclosure
100 in an erect position even after the fluid source 800 is removed
from the manifold 300. One-way or check valves in the manifold,
which are discussed in detail below, assure that the failure of a
single inflated support member within the framework structure does
not impact the pressurized condition of the remaining inflated
support members, and allows for the repair and replacement of
single inflatable support member without compromising the operation
or erect condition of the enclosure as a whole.
[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a diagrammatic connection between an
inflatable support member 200 and the manifold 300, with the
manifold 300 shown partially in phantom for purposes of
illustration. Each inflatable support member 200 has a body section
210, a first end 220 preferably positionable closer to the manifold
connection or apex 110 of the enclosure, and a second end 230
preferably positioned closer to the flooring or bottom of the
enclosure. The inflatable support members are preferably removably
attachable to first and second cap or closure means 240 and 250 on
either end 220 and 230, with the details of such a connection shown
more particularly in FIG. 2A, and one of the caps, and preferably
the first cap 240 associated with the first end 220 of the
inflatable support 200 is coupleable to the manifold 300 via
coupling means 310. The coupling means 310 could be in the form of
a tube section extended between the first and second cap 240 and
the manifold 300, or such first cap 240 could even be coupled or
attached directly to the manifold 300, or such first cap 240 could
even form an extension of the manifold 300 onto which the end 220
of an inflatable support would be fastened. Other equivalent
connections will also be satisfactory. First end cap 240 has a
first enlarged head section 242, a first bead section 244 and a
first reduced diameter section 246, and second end cap 250 has a
second enlarged head section 252, a second bead section 254 and a
second reduced diameter section 256. When the supports 200 are
inflated with a fluid, the first end caps 240 prevent unwanted
egress or leakage of such fluid from the internal cavity or chamber
of such supports.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 2A, an inflatable tube 200, and more
specifically the second end 230 of such tube 200 shown for purposes
of explanation, is preferably comprised of a flexible bladder 202
disposed within a reinforced, flexible membrane 204, both defining
a hollow cavity 206 therein for the passage of a fluid, and is
extendable over the second reduced diameter section 256 and over
the second bead section 254 of the second end cap 250 and attached
thereon via attaching means 260 and 262, see FIG. 2B. The flexible
interior bladder or lining 202 of the tube 200 provides the major
impermeability of the inflatable tubes or support members 200, and
the reinforced flexible membrane 204 will provide the principal
reinforcement of the tube preventing undue expansion and possible
rupture of the inner bladder 202 as well as protection from
external damage. The inner section 202 and the outer flexible
membrane 204 sections may be either integral or separate
structures, and it will be understood that either layer could
incorporate the principal function of the other in part or in whole
and the inflatable tube 200 might also be composed of only a single
layer. The attaching means 260, 262 shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C are
shown for purposes of explanation as conventional expansible ring
clamps, although it will be understood by those skilled in art that
any other attaching means will be satisfactory as long as the
inflatable tubular support 200 is sturdily fastened or fastenable
to the end cap 250.
[0059] FIG. 2B illustrates a preferred method for removably
attaching an inflatable support 200 to an end cap 250, with
attaching means 260 and 262 shown fastened between the second bead
section 254 and the second enlarged head section 252. It will be
understood by those skilled in the art that only one attachment
means, clamp 260 or 262 for example, might be sufficient to retain
the inflatable support 200 against the end cap 250, or that one
attaching means might be fastened about each side of the bead
section 254, i.e. between the bead section 254 and the enlarged
head section 252 and before the bead section 254. The enlarged
diameter bead section 254 is conventionally provided for additional
support of the inflatable tubular member 200 on the cap 250 and to
deter or prevent the inflatable tubular member 200 from sliding off
the cap 250 under high pressure inflation conditions.
[0060] FIG. 2C illustrates a closeup view of one of the inflatable
frame members 200, extending between the manifold 300 and the
flooring 700, supported or pocketed against the inner surface
material 440 of the flexible membrane or covering 400 by a sleeve
460, such sleeve being comprised of a first panel 462, a second
panel 464 and means 466 to secure both panels together around such
framing member 200. The sleeve 460, which is preferably
pre-attached to the inner surface 440 of the membrane 400,
maintains each inflatable member 200 in a spaced apart relationship
with respect to the others during inflation and deflation of such
members 200, and while such members are fully inflated to form the
framework of the enclosure of the invention. While the sleeve 460
as shown in FIG. 2C covers most of the body portion 210 of the
inflatable member 200, it will be understood that such sleeve could
also either extend to the ends 220 and 230 of the inflatable member
200, to the first and second end caps 240 and 250, or beyond.
Furthermore, the sleeve 460 as shown, formed from two distinct
panels or sections, could also be formed from a single panel or
section through which the inflatable member would be guided prior
to inflation. Equivalent methods of retaining the inflatable
support member against the inner surface of the membrane could also
be devised. For example, there could be individual ties along the
path of the inflatable support members 200 against the inner
surface 440 of the covering 400 of the enclosure. While sleeves 460
are the preferred means for retaining the inflatable support
members 200 in position or against the inner surface 440 of the
enclosure 100, the important aspect is that any such retaining
means may, or should, be releasable so that damaged members may be
removed and replaced. Furthermore, such retaining means may be
inherent in the structure of the individual support members or the
network of members, which may have a conformation upon the manifold
so that they will tend to space themselves along the interior of
the structure and maintain the desired configuration so long as
they are inflated.
[0061] It is preferred, therefore, although not absolutely
necessary, that the inflatable supporting members 200 be retained
or pocketed in some manner against the inner surface 440 of the
membrane or covering 400 during operation of the enclosure, to
ensure that the framework maintains a spaced-apart relationship
between framing members. The protective enclosure of the invention
could, for example, as mentioned above, be constructed with some
other arrangement so that an additional sleeve, attachment means or
retention means, was not necessary to ensure a spaced apart
relationship of the inflatable members 200 against the inner
surface 440 of the membrane 400. An inflatable support member 200
could, for example, be lined along its outer surface, and more
specifically along the outer surface of the flexible membrane 204
of such support member, with an attachable substance that is
removably attachable to the inner surface 440 of the protective
covering 400 along spaced apart seams in the membrane 400. Of
course, the inflatable member 200 could be lined with an attachment
substance or structure that mates with or is attached to another
substance or structure that lines the inner surface 440 of the
membrane 400. Or, an inflatable supporting member 200a, see FIG.
2D, could be designed having a body portion 201 a with sloped or
angled side surfaces 201a, such that inflation of the internal
cavity 206a with fluid, and the resultant expansion of the bladder
section 202a and membrane section 204a, results in the mating of
the angled side surfaces 201a with the spaced apart seams, and more
particularly, the angled relationship of the inner surface 440
joined at such seams. Having the inflatable member 200a configured
for seating engagement upon inflation within the seams of the
protective membrane 400 avoids having to provide a sleeve or some
other attachment means to maintain the inflatable support members
against the inner surface of the protective covering or membrane.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2D, the inflatable supporting member
could have a cross section that is other than circular, i.e. it
could be square, pyramidal, triangular, octagonal or the like.
[0062] FIG. 3 is a closeup view of the fluid distribution member or
manifold 300 of the invention attached to a mounting plate 320,
which mounting plate 320 is fastened to the inner surface 440 of
the protective membrane 400 along the apex 110 (see FIG. 1) of the
enclosure 100. A fluid source 800, having a valve 808, regulator
810 and a coupling 820, is shown coupled to the manifold by a
flexible tube 830. As shown generally in FIG. 1, the coupling line
830, which provides communication of inflation fluid 805 between
the fluid source 800, or as shown the pressure cylinder 800, and
the manifold 300 or the interior 120 of the enclosure 100, might,
during the initial erection of such enclosure, extend or be
temporarily supported along one of the inflatable supports 200 and
along the flooring 700, and finally through the sealing means 600
in the doorway 500, so that the enclosure of the invention in the
broken-down or collapsed condition can be erected using a fluid
source external to the enclosure. Once the enclosure 100 has been
erected, the fluid source 800 may be brought into the interior 120
of the enclosure 100 and stored within or stored externally. The
manifold 300 is preferably removably attachable to the mounting
plate 320 for ease of repair and replacement in the field, although
having the manifold 300 permanently attached to the mounting plate
320 will also be found satisfactory. A valve 330 associated with
each inflatable support member 200 that is coupled via coupling
means 310 to the manifold 300 is positioned around the manifold
300. While eight valves 330 and eight inflatable supports 200 are
shown, it will be understood that the enclosure of the invention
will be operable with fewer or greater number of each depending on
the size of the enclosure and the amount of support required to
erect and maintain the framework of the enclosure. The valves 330
are also preferably easily attachable to the manifold 300 by
threaded screw connections or the like, so that a defective valve
can be easily repaired or replaced if necessary.
[0063] FIG. 3A is a top view of one of the valves 330 of the
invention situated on the manifold 300, with the manifold 300 shown
partially for purposes of illustration. A preferred embodiment of
the valve 330 has three different switch positions. The first
position 332 might be designated a lock position, where the valve
effectively prevents fluid communication between a fluid source 800
and an inflatable support 200 coupled to the manifold 300. The
second position 334 might be designated a one-way, or check valve
position, where fluid communication from a fluid source 800 to an
inflatable support member 200 through the valve 330 is possible,
but a reverse flow of fluid from the inflatable support through the
valve is not or is prevented. The third position 336 might be
designated an open or bleed position, where fluid is allowed to
pass unhindered from an inflatable support member 200 through the
bleed means 335 in the valve 330.
[0064] The check valve position designated 334 is the most
preferred method of communicating fluid from the fluid source 800
through the manifold 300 to the inflatable support members 200,
because one-way check valves, as noted above, assure the
independent inflatable operation of each inflatable support member
200, and the removal of one or more inflatable support members 200
from the manifold 300, either for repair or replacement, will not
cause the framework of the enclosure 100 to collapse. Check valves
330 allow fluid to pass into the inflatable support members 200 and
prevent fluid from unwanted passage through the valve. Should it be
desired to partially or fully deflate any one of the inflatable
support members 200 when such members are coupled to the manifold
300, the valve 330 associated with such inflatable support member
is rotated into the bleed position designated 336 in FIG. 3A, which
allows the reverse passage of fluid through the valve 330 and out
the bleed passage 335. In certain situations, for example, it might
be beneficial to deflate one of the inflatable support members 200
if a slow leak was found in such support member, or in the obvious
situation where the protective enclosure is to be deliberately
collapsed, it would be beneficial to deflate the entire structural
framework, i.e. each inflatable support member, at the same
time.
[0065] The check valve position designated 334 in FIG. 3A is the
most preferred valve position when inflating the inflatable support
members 200. Prior to inflation, the support members 200 are
relatively flat, similar in appearance to an unfilled, rolled fire
hose, due to the flexible nature of the both the bladder 202 and
flexible covering 204. Such support members 200 might also be
supported or pocketed in some manner against the inner surface
material 440 of the protective covering 400 as shown and described
in connection with FIGS. 2D and 2E.
[0066] Inflation of such members 200 first occurs through the
coupling of a fluid source 800, which for purposes of explanation
will hereinafter be described as "air," although any flowable fluid
medium that causes expansion of the inflatable support members, and
more particularly the cavity 206 within each support member, will
be understood to fall within the description of "fluid," to the
manifold 300 as shown in FIG. 3. Prior to inflation of the support
members 200, all of the valves 330 are switched to the check, or
one way, position designated in FIG. 3A as 334. The valve 808 is
opened and the regulator 810 is then positioned so that fluid 805
from the fluid source 800 is communicated to the manifold 300 under
a predetermined, regulated pressure, and such fluid 805 is then
communicated through the valves 330 and through the coupling means
310 to the inflatable support members 200. The inflatable support
members 200, and more particularly the cavity 206 (shown in FIG.
2A), bounded on either end 220 and 230 with first and second end
caps 240 and 250, expands under the pressure of the fluid 805 until
such fluid fills the cavity 206 and the bladder 202 and flexible
membrane covering 204 have also expanded to a predetermined,
usually tubular configuration. Once all of the inflatable support
members 200 have been fully inflated, the fluid source 800 is
decoupled from the manifold 300 and the check valves 330 prevent
the support members 200 from deflating.
[0067] A unique feature of the inflatable support members 200 of
the present invention is that such members, once inflated or filled
with fluid under high pressure conditions, form beam-like
structural supports of considerable rigidity and strength, that not
only provide the framework for the erected enclosure, but are also
repairable and/or replaceable from within the enclosure without
collapse of said enclosure. It will be understood, with particular
reference to FIGS. 2A through 2D and the discussion related
therewith, that if an inflated support member 200 requires repair
or replacement, such member may be deflated by switching the valve
means 330 to the bleed orientation if such support member 200 has
not already been deflated by a tear, puncture or the like, and
detached or decoupled from the manifold 300 without affecting the
operation of the remaining inflated support members. The support
member may then be removed from the retaining sleeve 460, if such
preferred sleeve is used, in preparation for the separation of such
support member into its constituent elements. The body section 210
of the detached support member may then be removed from the first
and second end caps 240 and 250 by releasing or loosening the
attachment means 260 and/or 262, and a new body section 210,
preferably stored within the enclosure, may then be fastened or
attached to such first and second end caps 240 and 250. Of course,
if other elements of the support members, such as the caps,
attachment means or the like, require replacement or repair, such
replacement elements would also be found preferably within the
enclosure. The support member, now having a new body section 210,
is positioned within the retaining sleeve 460, if desired,
recoupled to the manifold 300, and the valve 330 is adjusted to the
one-way or check orientation. After the support member has been
recoupled, the manifold is re-engaged by the fluid source 800 and
the deflated support member expands or inflates to a predetermined
regulated pressure. If, during the re-inflation of the replaced
support member, the occupant of the enclosure wishes to
repressurize the remaining, intact support members, all of the
valves 330 should be rotated or switched to the check valve or
one-way position, insuring that all of the support members receive
fluid during the inflation of the repaired or replaced support
member. If the focus of the inflation is to be with the replaced
support member only, then the remaining valves 330 should be
switched to the lock position as discussed in connection with FIG.
3A. Since a fluid source 800 will preferably be stored or present
within the enclosure of the invention in its erect state, and since
each individual beam-like support member is capable of being
separated into its constituent elements, all of which are
replaceable, and decoupled from the manifold or central fluid
distribution means without having an effect on the structural
integrity of the remaining inflatable support members, replacement
and repair of one or more of the beam-like structural members is
fairly effortless, and can be a critical factor in determining the
safety of the occupants therein. While a preferred method of
construction of an inflatable support member is shown in FIG. 2,
with a body 210 section being removably attached to first and
second end cap sections 240 and 250, it will be understood that a
repairable inflatable support member could be constructed with
non-removable cap sections, in which case the inflatable support
member as a whole, and not just the body section, would be repaired
and/or replaced.
[0068] FIGS. 4 through 4B illustrate sectional views of several
embodiments of the protective coverings used for the protective
membrane 400 of the invention that extends around the inflatable
support framework and flooring 700 of the invention located along
the bottom of the enclosure, as well as the doorway 500 and the
like. It is preferred that the protective coverings 400 and 700
employ waterproof, flexible, tear-resistant materials for superior
durability. The present inventor has found that a polyester scrim
coated with a rubberized PVC material is satisfactorily durable in
most situations. More or less durable materials may also be used in
accordance with the needs of the occupants and the nature of the
environment to which the enclosure of the invention is exposed. The
materials used to construct the enclosure of the invention can be
specially equipped for highly specialized, rigorous military
requirements. For example, the material might be manufactured using
proven blackout capable fabrics for no-light signatures, capable of
meeting infra-red and low light reflectance requirements currently
used by the United States Air Force and Army, and capable of having
an optional reversible camouflage outer covering that helps conceal
its shape and reduce the thermal heat signature of the structure.
And, the materials should be resistant to most chemicals, acids and
the like, and be capable, possibly with the introduction of resins
or the like, of withstanding extreme temperature fluctuations in an
erect condition during operation and in a collapsed condition
during storage. It is preferable that the protective covering, at
the very least, be liquid-resistant or waterproof, capable of
shedding the elements, such as rain, snow, leaves or the like, and
capable of withstanding extreme wind loads.
[0069] FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of a single layer of
material that might comprise the flooring 700, having a first
surface 702 on which the occupants of the enclosure would stand,
and a second surface 704 which would rest against the ground or the
like. FIG. 4A illustrates a sectional view of a more preferred
embodiment of a protective covering that could either be the
flooring 700, the protective membrane 400, the doorway 500 and the
like. In FIG. 4A, with the protective covering 400 used for
example, the covering 400 is comprised of an inner layer of
material 442 exposed to the inside of the enclosure and an outer
layer of material 422 exposed to the environment outside of the
enclosure, both having the same or different gauge material
thickness. The covering of FIG. 4A could be used as a flooring,
where the outer layer of material 422 is constructed from a heavier
gauge material than the inner layer 442, since the outside of the
enclosure is likely to encounter sharper objects than the inside.
The present inventor has found a 30 plus ounce gauge fabric on the
exterior of the enclosure of the invention and a 24 ounce gauge
fabric lining the interior of the enclosure to be satisfactory. Of
course, a heavier material on the inside than on the outside will
also be operable. The strength of the material will be most
dependent on the nature of the surroundings or the environment.
FIG. 4B represents a most preferred embodiment of the protective
covering 400, flooring 700 or doorway 500, having an inner foam or
compressible layer 707 sandwiched between two outer layers of
material 706 and 708, with the outer layer 708 exposed to the
ground or the outside environment and preferably of a heavier gauge
material than the inner layer 706. The inner compressible layer 707
provides additional protection from uneven or pointed objects
situated on the ground on which the enclosure might be erected and
positioned. While an insulative layer 707 is preferably
incorporated into the membrane material, it could also be attached
to a membrane material not already equipped with an insulative
layer, such as shown in FIGS. 4 or 4A, for example, as an after
market add-on or the like. Consequently, the enclosure of the
invention is feature-expandable, providing users with the
flexibility to create a rapidly deployable enclosure specifically
suited to meet their needs, and capable of being enhanced with
additional features if such needs change. The membrane material is
also designed to be easily repairable from within the enclosure,
requiring, depending on the size of the hole, either an adhesively
attached patch or a heat-sealable patch that is heat applied over
the hole until the patch bonds to the intact protective membrane
around the hole.
[0070] The protective enclosure of the present invention is
designed to be air-tight, and the sealing means 600 is illustrated
in detail in FIG. 5. A positive pressure system incorporated into
the operation of the enclosure of the invention maintains a livable
environment, with the introduction of fresh, uncontaminated or
filtered air and evacuation of stale air from the interior 120 of
the enclosure 100, and this positive pressure system will be
discussed in detail below. For purposes of our present discussion,
the positive pressure system assures that any break in the
protective membrane 400 will result in the directional passage of
air through such break from the interior 120 of the enclosure 100
to the exterior 130, thereby avoiding the introduction of potential
contaminants to the interior 120 of the enclosure 100 from the
outside environment 130. Therefore, pinhole-sized breaks in the
protective membrane are usually not a major concern.
[0071] FIG. 5 illustrates the sealing means 600 of the invention,
comprised of a sliding closure member 610, having a tip portion 612
and a handle portion 614, that is slidable along an interlocking
track 620, such track 620 covered by flaps of material 502 from the
doorway 500. In less preferred embodiments, where air-tightness
might not be a concern, the sliding member 610 and track 620 might
be in the form of a conventional zipper arrangement or the like.
However, in a more preferred embodiment, the track portion is a
heavy duty, preferably triple chambered, interlock arrangement of
the ZIPLOC.RTM. variety, which creates an air tight seal between
the interior 120 and exterior 130 of the enclosure with the
advancement of the sliding member 610 from the upper section 630 of
the track 620 to the lower section 640 of the track 620. An orifice
650 is located at the lower terminus of the track 620 and extends
between the interior 120 of the enclosure 100 of the invention and
the exterior 130 of the enclosure 100. An outer covering 642
attached to the doorway 500 and covering the orifice 650 as shown
includes a passageway, preferably in alignment with the track 620
and extending from the upper section 644 of the covering 642 to an
exit section 646 located in the lower section of the covering 642,
while an inner covering 660 attached to the inside surface of the
doorway 500 and covering the orifice 650 defines a chamber 665 for
the retention of a thick, non-toxic, flowable substance 670, such
as a gel or the like.
[0072] Due to the particular construction of the slidable member
610 in relation to the track 620, a small passageway through the
track 620 between the interior 120 and exterior 130 of the
enclosure tends to exist just beyond or in front of the tip portion
612 as the slidable member 610 is being advanced along the track
620. As the slidable member 610 reaches the terminus of the track
620, or the orifice 650, a small passageway or opening would exist
in the track 620 between the interior 120 and exterior 1 30 of the
enclosure. The gel substance 670 present within the chamber 665
creates a seal between the orifice 650 extending between the
interior 120 and exterior 130 of the enclosure, and thus seals off
the small passageway or opening present immediately beyond the tip
portion 612 of the slidable member 610. The gel substance 670 has a
level of viscosity, being preferably fairly low, such that it
creates a surface tension seal over the orifice 650 due to the
positive pressure system (to be discussed later) created in the
interior 120 of the enclosure 100, and so that minor passage of the
substance 670 might also occur through the orifice 650 and out the
drainage section 646 without resulting in rapid depletion of the
gel substance 670 from the chamber 665.
[0073] FIG. 5A is a diagrammatic side view of the lower section 640
of the track 620 between the interior 120 and exterior 130 of the
enclosure of the invention with the slidable member 610 positioned
at the terminus of the track 620 and with the tip portion 612
adjacent the orifice 650 extending between to the two coverings 642
and 660. The gel substance 670 present within the chamber 665
creates a seal around the orifice 650, and also provides constant
lubrication to the slidable member 610 and the track 620 on which
such member 610 slides. The passageways 644 and 646 allow rain or
the like 140 to pass between the outer covering 642 and the doorway
500, while the exit section 646 also provides passage for any gel
substance 670 that passes through the orifice 650. The gel
substance 670, as noted above, can also be considered a lubrication
means, particularly for the track 620 and the slidable member 610,
and as the gel substance 670 is used or exhausted for lubrication
or as a seal for the orifice 650, its level within the chamber 665
may drop. Once the level of the gel substance 670 drops below the
orifice 650, additional gel substance 670 should be introduced into
the chamber 665 through a passage 662 or the like. To assist in
determining the level of the gel substance 670 within the chamber
665 from the interior 120 of the enclosure, the gel substance 670
might be colored and the chamber covering 660 might be translucent,
transparent or the like. While a refillable gel system is
disclosed, it will be understood that an equivalent system could be
designed and implemented that does not require refilling, or
operates under different principles, as long as the small
passageway or gap present immediately after the tip portion 612 of
the slidable member 610 is blocked off to create an air tight
seal.
[0074] The positive pressure system discussed above is shown for
example in FIG. 6, which illustrates two enclosures 100a and 100b
positioned in an outside environment 130 and having coupled thereto
an environmental control unit 900 powered by a generator 950 or the
like. The generator 950 could also act as a power source to the
enclosures 100a and 100b through power lines 952 and 954,
particularly if the enclosures are equipped with an optional
electrical system potentially consisting of a mini power panel,
lighting, quick connect power cables, switches, wiring and all
other items as necessary for properly functioning lighting and
power systems. The environmental control unit 900 is coupled to the
enclosures 100a and 100b through coupling means 920 and 940, which
might be hollow conduits or the like, and while a single unit 900
is shown connected between two enclosures 100a and 100b, it will be
understood that a single unit 900 could service only a single
enclosure or more than two enclosures as shown, with the capability
and capacity of the unit 900 determined generally by its size and
the power source 950. The environmental control unit 900 is
primarily responsible for maintaining livable conditions within the
enclosures 100a and 100b, particularly if the outside environment
130 is contaminated or exposed to adverse human conditions, and
even more particularly if such enclosures are equipped with
air-tight doors and seals as described in connection with FIGS. 5
and 5A. At a minimum, the environmental control units 900 should be
capable of regulating and maintaining a comfortable temperature
within the enclosures, preferably between fifty and ninety degrees
fahrenheit, and also capable of filtering outside air 980 into
breathable and non-harmful inside air 985.
[0075] The forceful introduction of clean air 985 into the
enclosures causes a positive pressure inside the enclosures,
requiring the clean air 985 to be vented to the outside 130 in some
fashion. Two possible methods of venting the inside clean air 985
are shown. The first method is illustrated in connection with
enclosure 100a, where the environmental control unit conduit 920 is
bifurcated into an outlet section 922, through which is passed
clean air 985, and an inlet section 924 for the passage of stale,
inside air 990 to the outside 1 30. In the first method, the
passage of inside air 990 would preferably occur through the same
conduit 920 and through the environmental control unit 900 as
shown, or as an alternative, a second conduit 930 might be provided
solely as a means to vent inside air 990 to the outside 130. In
either embodiment, it would be preferable if both the outlet means
922 and the venting return means 924 or 930 were controllable so
that the positive pressure present within the enclosure 120a could
be modified or manipulated as required. In other words, if the
enclosure experiences a tear in one of the protective membranes,
the return means 924 or 930 could be closed so that the inside air
990 escapes through the tear as opposed to returning to the outside
130 through the environmental control unit 900. A second possible
method of venting inside air 990 to the outside 130 is illustrated
on the enclosure 100b with the introduction of a uni-directional
air flow valve 960 in the protective covering 400b that has
adjustable vents 965 for regulating the venting of the inside air
990. The valve 960 might preferably include a carbon filter and act
like a low pressure check valve, allowing the passage of air 990 to
the outside 130 but preventing the passage of potentially
contaminated air 980 to the inside 120b. Again, if the enclosure
100b experiences a puncture, tear or the like, the valve 960 can be
regulated or closed so that the positive pressure system forces air
990 solely through the tear and not through the vent valve 960. If
the enclosure becomes over pressurized, the valve 960 could be
manipulated so that more air flow occurs through the vents 965. The
positive pressure system occurring through the forceful
introduction of air 985 into the enclosures minimizes the need to
worry about pinhole-type breaks in the protective membranes or
enclosures. The positive pressure, as discussed in connection with
FIGS. 5 and SA, urges the gel system 670 to seal the orifice 650,
although a sufficient amount of gel 670 residing in the chamber 665
having a certain viscosity and material property could act as a
seal under surface tension without a positive pressure within the
enclosure.
[0076] Various sealing arrangements between adjacent flexible
inflatable units of the invention may be used. However, a preferred
arrangement, shown hereinafter in FIGS. 7 through 7G, achieves
sealing between units by the use of compression members within
channel members located on the edges of adjoining wind cover
membranes. Such channel members are generally closed on three sides
and have open sides facing each other. Each of the channels has a
slightly raised lip on its lower side adjacent its open side and
one of the channel sections has a longer outer side adapted to pass
over the other slightly smaller channel section. The edges of the
membranes from which the wind covers and intermediate coupling are
formed are provided with a compression ring formed from a soft
pliable substance. When these soft compression members are inserted
into the channel sections, the compression members tend to remain
in place over or upon the channel sections as a result of the lips
in the bottom of the channel sections. When the edges of two
membranes thereafter are placed together in an abutting arrangement
with the soft pliable compression sections within the channel
sections and the extended top section of the larger channel section
across the top of the slightly smaller channel section, compression
of the pliable compressive members together or toward each other
through the joining and mating of the channel sections in which
such compressive members are positioned causes the space between
the channel sections and compressive members to be completely
blocked off, thereby effecting an air tight seal around the
perimeter of the joined channel sections. To maintain such channel
sections and pliable compressive ring sections in an abutting,
compressed relationship, the channel sections may be additionally
clamped together by a suitable clamp. The operation of this sealing
arrangement is described further in conjunction with FIGS. 7
through 7G below.
[0077] FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of the doorway 500 of the
enclosure of the invention 100 having a sealing means 600, an outer
wind cover 510 extending away from the doorway 500 and a wind cover
sealing channel 520 which, as will be discussed in detail below,
allows for the modular connection of multiple enclosures. The wind
cover 510, which is preferably comprised of the same type of
material as the protective membrane or covering 400, having an
inner surface material 512 and an outer surface material 514, is
maintained in an extended position away from the doorway 500 and
against the ground through the use of a bendable, spring-like band
or hoop 515, and provides an element of wind protection during
ingress and egress through the doorway 500 and sealing means 600.
If wind protection is not desired, the cover 510 may be folded back
and retained against the doorway 500 using retention means such as
straps, clips or the like (not shown).
[0078] FIG. 7A illustrates the implementation of a detachable
passageway 1000 between two enclosures 100a and 100b of the
invention, and more specifically between the two wind covers 510a
and 510b. The passageway 1100 is comprised of a flexible membrane
1105 having an inner surface material 1107 and an outer surface
material 1109, such membrane having the same material properties as
the flexible membranes or covering 400a or 400b used on the
enclosures 100a or 100b, and a pair of channel sections or channels
1110 and 1120 along each edge as shown, with an interior passage
1130 defined therein. The details of the channels 1110 and 1120 of
the detachable passageway 1100, as well as the details of the
channels 520a and 520b of the respective wind covers 510a and 510b
are illustrated in FIGS. 7B through 7G.
[0079] FIGS. 7B and 7C illustrate a sectional view of the joinder
of the sealing channels 1110 and 520a and sealing channels 1120 and
520b. The channels 1110 and 1120 of the detachable passageway 1100
are preferably in the form of "C" shaped channels with the inner
and outer surface materials 1107 and 1109 of the passageway 1100
joined around a pliable, compressive member or ring 1108 located or
positioned within such channels 1110 and 1120. The channels 520a
and 520b of the wind covers 510a and 510b are preferably in the
form of "J" shaped channels with the inner surface materials 512a,b
and outer surface materials 514a,b joined around a pliable,
compressive member or ring member 513a,b located or positioned
within such channel sections 520a and 520b. The "J" shaped channels
are comprised of two shorter arm sections and one longer arm
section, while the "C" shaped channel sections are generally
comprised of three shorter arm sections. Such channels have raised
edges or lips along their lower arm sections to maintain the
compressive members therein, which compressive members create an
air-tight seal when abutting compressive members are urged toward
each other as a result of the compression of the channel sections
as will be described below. The channels 1110 and 1120 and
compression ring members 1108 of the detachable passageway 1100 are
preferably smaller than the channels 520a,b and compression ring
members 513a,b of the wind covers 510a,b to allow for the
interfitting or interconnection of the "J" shaped channels of the
wind covers with the "C" shaped channels of the detachable
passageway as shown. With particular reference to FIG. 7A, and due
to the angled orientation or connection of the wind cover membranes
with the detachable passageway, it is preferred that the "J" shaped
channels be associated with the wind cover membranes 510a,b and the
"C" shaped channels be associated with the detachable passageway
1100 so that rain and the like would flow over the "J" shaped
channels and would be prevented or deterred from entering the
channel sections. Rain and other elements would have an easier time
penetrating the interior of the channel sections if the "C" shaped
channels were associated with the wind cover membranes since the
mating of the "J" and "C" shaped channels would be facing upward,
or toward the sky, and not downward as in the preferred
arrangement.
[0080] FIG. 7D illustrates the initial connection or coupling of
the "J" shaped channel 520a with the "C" shaped channel 1110 prior
to the compression of such channels, the results of which are shown
in FIGS. 7B, 7C, 7E and 7F. The end 1111 of the channel 520a is not
initially in alignment with the corner of the channel 1110 in FIG.
7D, because the channels have yet to be compressed or urged
together. Once the channels are compressed in accordance with force
arrows 1200, which results in the compression of the ring members
513a and 1108, the end 1111 of the channel 520a will be in
alignment with the channel 1110 as shown in FIGS. 7B, 7C, 7E and
7F. The abutting compression of the ring members 513a,b and 1108
create an air-tight seal along the junction of the channels 520a
and 1110, and channels 520b and 1120, thus creating an air-tight
passageway 1100 extending between enclosures 100a and 100b. As
shown in FIG. 7E, which is diagrammatic of the joinder of the
channels 1110 and 520a, a clamp 300 could be pivotally fastened or
attached to the "J" shaped sealing tube channel 520a to maintain
such channel 520a in a compressed state against the "C" shaped
channel 1110. The clamp 1300 would preferably have a pivot
connection 1320 and a handle section 1340 so that an operator can
quickly and efficiently attach or detach the clamps 1300
prepositioned in specific distance intervals along the perimeter of
the channel 520a. However, as illustrated in FIG. 7F, clamps 1350
only having handle sections 1360 that are more temporary in nature
and not necessary pivotally attached as shown in FIG. 7E, could
also be implemented around the perimeter of the joined or
compressed sealing tube channels. To enhance the air tight seal
created by the compressive joinder of the channel sections and the
compressive abutment of the ring sections, a gel substance 675, see
FIGS. 7B and 7C, could be applied along the perimeter of the
junction of the channel sections from the inside of the enclosure
or passageway, and preferably once a clamping arrangement is
applied to the outside of the joined channel sections, to account
for minute leaks that might be present along the joined channel
sections. For example, wrinkles or the like along the joined
membranes caused by harsh environmental conditions that could
possibly alter the physical characteristics or properties of the
membranes within the joined channel sections, could result in
minute air leaks or the like in certain locations along the
perimeter of the joined channel sections. While minute air leaks is
unlikely to occur, a gel 675 applied along the junction of the
membranes would fill any openings or gaps present between the
abutting compressive ring members and the outside environment.
[0081] While FIGS. 7A through 7F illustrate the use of a detachable
passageway for passage or communication between enclosures, it will
be understood that other, alternative and equivalent structures
will also be operable. For example, while the previous discussion
illustrates use of a smaller, "C" shaped channel associated with
detachable passageway and a larger, "J" shaped channel associated
with the wind cover extensions on each enclosure, it will be
understood that the wind cover extensions could utilize the smaller
channel sections while the detachable passageway could utilize the
larger channel sections. Alternatively, all channel sections could
be "C" shaped as shown in FIG. 7G, which is an alternative to FIG.
7D but with channel sections 1110 and 513 both being "C" shaped,
whereby the upper areas of the "C" shaped channel sections would be
slightly shorter than the lower areas to allow for compressive
joinder of the channel sections and a resultant compressive
abutment of the ring sections 1108 and 513a positioned within such
channel sections. Further, if desired, a modular connection between
enclosures could be made without the use of a detachable passageway
if, for example, the wind cover extensions of two enclosures were
designed to mate and create an air tight seal directly. For
example, one wind cover extension from one enclosure could be
equipped with a larger "J" shaped channel section, while a second
wind cover extension from a second enclosure could be equipped with
a smaller "C" shaped channel section, for direct compressive mating
between the two channel sections as discussed above. Of course,
other shaped channel sections, i.e. other than "J" and "C" shaped,
such as both "C" shaped channels or some other channel
configurations, could be used as long as an air tight seal is
created between the enclosures.
[0082] The rapidly deployable enclosure of the present invention
has heretofore been illustrated with a single doorway, which might
be satisfactory if the enclosure was being used as a stand-alone
unit. However, the more preferred arrangement is to have an
enclosure with multiple doorways as shown in FIG. 8, which is a top
view of an enclosure 2000 of the invention having three doorways,
namely a main doorway 2100 and two subsidiary doorways, 2200 and
2300, all arranged in a "Y" configuration, each with its own
sealing means 2160, 2260, 2360, wind cover means 2180, 2280, 2380
and sealing tube means 2190, 2290 and 2390.
[0083] Having an enclosure with multiple doorways enables use of
such enclosure as a stand-alone unit, or in combination with other
enclosures in a modular, interconnected environment as shown in
FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is diagrammatically representative of an example of
a village or complex of interconnected, rapidly deployable
enclosures 3000, 3100 and 3200, having environmental control units
4100, 4200 and 4300, which enclosures and units are powered by a
central generator 4000 by way of power lines 4010-4050. In FIG. 9,
the outside environment 130 is not contaminated, but the bodies and
clothing of such individuals entering the enclosure 3000 are
contaminated with an unfriendly substance that is biological,
chemical or the like, and such individuals must proceed through the
village to become decontaminated. While such a scenario is typical
for certain contamination scenes, it will be understood that the
following discussion is not meant to be limiting in the manner or
method of using modularly interconnected rapidly deployable
enclosures of the present invention.
[0084] FIG. 9 illustrates a contaminated individual 5010 entering
the enclosure 3000 through a seal 3010 in the doorway 3020, while
another contaminated individual 5020 is removing his/her clothing
in preparation for passage to the second enclosure 3100, where
there is seen another individual 5030 showering. A detachable
passageway 3050 is sealed between two doorway wind covers 3030 and
3130 as described in connection with FIGS. 7 through 7G, while a
second detachable passageway 3150 is sealed air tight between two
doorway wind covers 3160 and 3260 of enclosures 3100 and 3200,
creating a series of passageways between enclosures. A negative
pressure unit 4100 is coupled via coupling means 4120 and 4140 to
the first two enclosures 3000 and 3100, to draw from such
enclosures the contaminated air, which air is then filtered and
returned clean to the outside environment 130. The negative
pressure unit 4100 is connected to the first two enclosures 3000
and 3100 because airborne or particulate contaminated material
might exist on the individuals' bodies while in both enclosures,
i.e. while undressing and while showering. The middle enclosure
3100 is equipped with a water filtration system 4200, a shower unit
3170 and a contoured flooring 3175 that allows for proper drainage
of water through a drain 3177, with fresh water being introduced to
the shower unit 3170 through conduit 4240 and decontaminated water
being returned through the drain 3177 to such water filtration
system 4200 through conduit 4220. The final, "clean" enclosure
3200, obtained by passage through the wind cover 3160, passageway
3150 and wind cover 3260, is connected to a positive pressure unit
4300, which pushes clean, uncontaminated air from the outside
environment 130 into the enclosure 3200. There is seen an
individual 5040 dressing with uncontaminated clothing and an
individual 5050 leaving through an air tight seal 3230 and wearing
uncontaminated clothing. The combined operation of the positive
pressure unit 4300 acting on the third enclosure 3200 and the
negative pressure unit 4200 acting on the first two enclosures 3000
and 3100 ensures that contaminated air and particulate matter
present within the first two enclosures 3000 and 3100 is not
transmitted to the "clean" enclosure 3200.
[0085] While FIG. 9 illustrates the modularity of the rapidly
erectable enclosure of the present invention with the
interconnection of three enclosures, it will be understood that an
unlimited number of enclosures may be modularly connected or
interconnected to form a village or city of air-tight units
connected by air-tight passageways. Even under the most
environmentally hazardous conditions, occupants of the enclosures
of the invention equipped with environmental control units and
power generation systems can be assured of a livable, safe and
protected environment.
[0086] FIGS. 10 through IOG illustrate one possible method of a
stepwise folding of a collapsed enclosure 6000 of the invention,
i.e. where the network or framework of all of the inflatable
support members 6350 have been deflated. While the more preferred
embodiment of an enclosure has multiple doorways as explained in
connection with FIGS. 8 and 9, a single doorway enclosure will be
illustrated for purposes of demonstration in FIGS. 10 through 10G.
As shown in FIG. 10, before proceeding to fold the enclosure 6000,
it is preferable to extend an air coupling tube or the like 6050,
which is coupled to the manifold 6300 and supported along one of
the inflatable support members (now deflated) 6350, through the air
sealing means 6100 of the doorway 6200 for easy access by a fluid
source (see FIG. 1) connection during erection of the enclosure
when it is desired to re-erect such enclosure. It is also
preferable that the sealing means 6100 be opened, such that air
present within the enclosure 6000 may be evacuated during the
stepwise folding and incremental reduction of an internal
environment within the collapsed enclosure. FIGS. 10A through 10F
illustrate the stepwise folding of the enclosure until finally the
folded enclosure is in a position to be carried or otherwise
transported, usually with the aid of straps 6400 or the like, as
shown in FIG. 10G.
[0087] FIG. 11 illustrates an enclosure 7000 of the invention
equipped with a bullet resistant feature in the form of a blanket,
shield or the like 7100 having bullet resistant plates embedded
therein. Preferably such bullet or shrapnel resistant plates will
be at least partially overlapping. Such plates might be made from
Kevlar.RTM. for example. The bullet resistant shield 7100 could be
unrolled and extended between some of the inflatable support
members 7200, or it could be stored and supported about the
flooring 7300 in a rolled arrangement 7120, or above the flooring
in a rolled arrangement 7140. Such shields are useful to include
within the structures of the invention to provide some security to
the occupants, both physical and psychological, from unexpected
hostile fire from outside such structures.
[0088] While the preferred embodiment of the rapidly deployable
enclosure of the present invention is in the form of a dome-shaped
unit as previously described and illustrated, alternatively shaped
units, i.e. having a shape other than a dome, are contemplated.
FIG. 12 illustrates one possible alternative embodiment having a
slightly different inflatable support structure. In FIG. 12, the
inflatable support structure comprises a pair of inflatable support
member units 8100 and 8200 separated by an elbow 8300, which
support members 8100 and 8200 are removably attachable to the elbow
8300, manifold 8400 and floor cap 8500 using attachment means as
described previously. If desired, the inflatable support structure
may be removably attached or pocketed against the interior surface
of the protective covering as described and illustrated previously
in connection with FIG. 2C. Using elbow-joined inflatable support
members might be preferable in certain situations where the
compression characteristics along the inner bend of the inflatable
support members create a kink along the midsection which might
compromise the stability of the inflatable network or framework of
support members. Using elbow-joined inflatable support members will
also produce a rapidly deployable enclosure having a different
outside appearance, which might also be preferable in certain
environmental conditions or situations. Square frames, pyramidal
frames and the like are also contemplated, each having a particular
network configuration of inflatable support members.
[0089] FIG. 13, which is similar to FIG. 1, shows diagrammatically
an alternative embodiment of the rapidly deployable protective
enclosure of the invention incorporating a bottom or lower manifold
arrangement or in the case shown in FIG. 13 merely a tubing 300a
connected to the lower end of each of the inflatable support
members or tubes 200 which together form a freestanding support
framework for the rapidly deployable structure. It will be
understood that each connection from the tubing 300a to a support
member will incorporate a one way valve which allows inflating
fluid to flow into the inflatable support members 200, but will not
allow inflation fluid to flow the other way. Thus if one or more of
such inflatable support members 200 is punctured or otherwise
springs a leak the other support members are not affected and the
entire structure will not collapse and the leaking support member
moreover can be repaired from inside the protective enclosure just
as in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 where the
manifold is at the top of the structure. In FIG. 13 the ends of the
support members 200 are threaded into a solid top support 301 which
will usually not be hollow, although it will be understood that it
can be and in fact can be hollow and serve even as an auxiliary
source of inflation fluid provided it is similarly provided with
one way valves. In FIG. 13 a control box 815 controls the fluid
pressure provided from the gas cylinder 800 during inflation.
[0090] FIG. 14 is similar to FIG. 13 except in this case the
control box 815 is shown in the protective enclosure 100 and
separate inflation tubes 300b extend from the control box to each
inflatable support member 200. In this case check valves can be
located in the control box rather than in the lower ends of the
inflatable support members.
[0091] FIG. 15 shows a further arrangement in which there is a
lower hollow manifold 300c which also serves as a base for the
individual inflatable support members 200 each of which is supplied
with a one way valve to prevent loss of pressure in the manifold
300c from resulting in loss of pressure from the individual support
members. The combined manifold and base 300c can be flexible itself
or could be formed from interfitting solid sections that allow for
ready assembly. Since one of the advantages of the inflatable
rapidly deployable protective enclosure of the invention is quick
erection, and the use of the base 300c may result in additional
time and work to assemble such base, it will be understood that the
use of the base and manifold 300c may not be a preferred
arrangement. However, it does have the advantage of further
stabilizing the base of each of the inflatable support members.
Each of the arrangements for inflation provided in FIGS. 13-15 keep
the inflating fluid structures and mechanisms other than the
supporting members 200 near the ground where they are less likely
to be punctured by hostile action than the manifold arrangement
shown in FIG. 1. In these alternative arrangements the support
members can also be inflated and deflated from ground level no
matter how high the inflated structure is.
[0092] With reference to the above, deployment of the protective
enclosure is fairly straightforward. With an enclosure spread out
in a collapsed condition, see FIG. 10, a fluid source is coupled to
the manifold through a fluid coupling extending through one of the
doorways. The fluid source, usually pressurized under high pressure
conditions, is then activated and fluid communication occurs
between the fluid source and the manifold. Fluid is distributed
through valves in the manifold to the individual inflatable support
members disposed in a spaced apart relationship, which are
collectively inflated to a predetermined pressure regulated at the
fluid source. Once the inflatable network has reached such
predetermined pressure, the fluid source is decoupled from the
manifold and one-way valves maintain each inflatable support member
at such predetermined pressure. The present inventor has found
inflation of the support members at approximately 40 psi to be
sufficient for most applications. The present inventor has also
found that while the inflatable support members may vary in size
and diameter depending on the size of the protective enclosure,
selecting a combination of dimensions so that erection occurs in an
expedited manner, and usually in less than one minute, and so that
deflation of the entire enclosure also occurs in a semi-expedited
manner, and usually in approximately two to five minutes, will also
be found satisfactory for most applications. Of course, the
dimensions could be varied so that erection and collapse occur much
quicker or much slower, depending on the desires of the operator.
In fact, after thoroughly reviewing the operation manual provided
with the protective enclosure, a single person having no
construction skills or prior knowledge of the invention can erect
the enclosure within a very abbreviated amount of time, including
making any necessary adjustments for proper operation. Disassembly
and re-packing of the protective enclosure normally requires a few
minutes more.
[0093] Once erect, an occupant of the enclosure can create an
air-tight seal between the interior and outside environment through
use of the unique gel system disposed at the terminus of the
slidable sealing member. A positive pressure within the enclosure
urges the gel system against any air leak present at the terminus
of the slidable sealing member, and such positive pressure also
ensures the flow of air from the interior through minor holes or
tears in the flexible protective membrane. Adjustable venting means
are also provided to regulate the positive pressure within the
enclosure and respond to potential integrity breaches in the
protective membrane or covering.
[0094] If the integrity of the protective membrane and an
inflatable support is breached, via the passage of a forceful
object, such as shrapnel or the like, through such membrane and
through such inflatable support covering, the inflatable support
member can be decoupled from the manifold and easily disassembled
without effecting the inflation or operation of any of the
unbreached inflatable support members. Prior to reassembly and
reattachment of a repaired or replacement inflatable support
member, the protective membrane is patched or otherwise repaired
from within the enclosure. Once the integrity of the protective
membrane or enclosure has been assured, the repaired or replacement
inflatable support member is reattached to the manifold system, and
a fluid source is recoupled to the manifold for pressurization of
the repaired or replacement support member. It is highly preferred,
if not critical, that a fluid source be present within the
enclosure, so that the system, and more importantly the replacement
support member, can be repaired and repressurized from within the
enclosure. Most, if not all, of the structural elements of the
protective enclosure are repairable and/or replaceable from within
the enclosure by accessing replacement parts and repair means
stored or brought into the enclosure. The ability to repair,
replace parts and restore the flexible membrane and structural
inflatable framework from within the protective enclosure can be
critical, especially if the protective enclosure is located in a
highly contaminated environment. In light of this, the protective
enclosure of the invention will be equipped with all tools
necessary to unpack, erect, collapse and re-pack the structure. No
additional equipment, e.g., hand tools, power tools, scaffolding,
ladders, cranes, forklifts or other heavy lifting machinery, is
needed. The entire structure's components and accessories can be
connected using ordinary, everyday tools, that are provided as part
of an erection kit. No welding, bonding or any other skilled
operations are required for erection of the rapidly deployable
protective enclosure. Breakdown or collapse of an erected enclosure
occurs rather expeditiously by bleeding the fluid from the inflated
support members through bleed valves on the manifold.
[0095] A variety of embodiments have been illustrated having
varying levels of structural protection. For example, a very basic
protective unit could be provided which is merely constructed from
an uninsulated waterproof membrane, has waterproof flooring and
uses zippered doorways that are not air tight. A more standard
unit, particularly for military applications, might instead be
constructed from an air fight and water tight, insulated protective
membrane having a reversible outer cover and other desirable
qualifies for military use, and be equipped with a venting system
for regulating air flow within the enclosure and through to the
environment. For highly intense operations, a village or complex of
air-tight, modularly connected protective enclosures having
bullet-resistant shields, environmental control units and
decontamination systems associated with each or only select
enclosures could be created having superior protection and
resistance to a highly intense, extremely adverse or hostile outer
environment. Furthermore, under highly extreme conditions, such as
combat, heavy wind or the like, the protective enclosure might come
with a quick-erect, failsafe back-up structural support system
comprised of, for example, fiberglass tensioning rods for enforcing
the network of inflatable support members.
[0096] The protective enclosure of the present invention is the
answer to a long soughtafter problem, particularly for the
military. Having a self-deploying, lightweight, extremely portable,
rapid erect, airtight & watertight structure to house personnel
for a variety of purposes can be critical in the harshest of
forward operational areas. Having a structure that is also
strengthened by a network of inflatable support members, each
providing individual framing capability, and each individually and
easily repairable or replaceable from within the enclosure, ensures
that the structure, and therefore the occupants, will have a better
chance of surviving if an integrity breach occurs in a highly
adverse, contaminated environment.
[0097] While the present invention has been described at some
length and with some particularity with respect to the several
described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited
to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular
embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the
appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible
interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and,
therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the
invention.
* * * * *