U.S. patent application number 09/981028 was filed with the patent office on 2002-06-27 for method for dispensing fuel.
Invention is credited to Webb, R. Michael.
Application Number | 20020079016 09/981028 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27539319 |
Filed Date | 2002-06-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020079016 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Webb, R. Michael |
June 27, 2002 |
Method for dispensing fuel
Abstract
An improved aboveground system for storing a combustible fluid
such as gasoline includes a storage tank that is constructed and
arranged to store a combustible fluid such as gasoline and an outer
tank to provide secondary containment. An interstitial space is
defined between the outer tank and the storage tank. A pipe for
communicating with the storage tank extends through the wall of the
storage tank, into the interstitial space and through the
interstitial space for a distance so as to extend substantially
parallel to at least one of the walls of the outer tank and the
storage tank, and then through the wall of the outer tank, whereby
fluid may be supplied to or withdrawn from the storage tank.
Advantageously, access structure is provided for gaining access
through the wall of the outer tank to the portion of the pipe that
extends through the interstitial space for a distance so as to
extend substantially parallel to at least one of the walls of the
outer tank and the storage tank.
Inventors: |
Webb, R. Michael; (Eau
Claire, WI) |
Correspondence
Address: |
John L. Knobble
KNOBLE & YOSHIDA, LLC
1628 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Eight Penn Center, Suite 1350
Philadelphia
PA
19103
US
|
Family ID: |
27539319 |
Appl. No.: |
09/981028 |
Filed: |
October 17, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09981028 |
Oct 17, 2001 |
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09718594 |
Nov 22, 2000 |
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09718594 |
Nov 22, 2000 |
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09517949 |
Mar 3, 2000 |
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6182710 |
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09517949 |
Mar 3, 2000 |
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09457544 |
Dec 9, 1999 |
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6216790 |
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09457544 |
Dec 9, 1999 |
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09032187 |
Feb 27, 1998 |
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6039123 |
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09032187 |
Feb 27, 1998 |
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08720806 |
Oct 1, 1996 |
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5950872 |
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08720806 |
Oct 1, 1996 |
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08215224 |
Mar 21, 1994 |
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5562162 |
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08215224 |
Mar 21, 1994 |
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08194751 |
Feb 10, 1994 |
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08194751 |
Feb 10, 1994 |
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07760747 |
Sep 16, 1991 |
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07760747 |
Sep 16, 1991 |
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07607567 |
Nov 1, 1990 |
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5305926 |
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07607567 |
Nov 1, 1990 |
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07332462 |
Mar 30, 1989 |
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4988020 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
141/2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B64F 1/28 20130101; B67D
7/78 20130101; B67D 7/04 20130101; B60S 5/02 20130101; B67D 7/84
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
141/2 |
International
Class: |
B65B 003/04; B65B
001/04 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of facilitating self-service fueling, comprising steps
of: (a) positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
self-service fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank and an attached dispensing pump of the type that is
configure to allow an individual to fill a vehicle; (b) loading
fuel into the aboveground storage tank; and (c) permitting a person
to refuel a vehicle with fuel that is drawn from the aboveground
storage tank by using the dispensing pump.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed
without installing any underground facilities.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed by
positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground retail
fueling module that includes at least one aboveground storage tank
and an attached dispensing pump that includes a commercial credit
card reader, and wherein step (c) is performed by permitting a
person to use the commercial credit card reader in a transaction
that is related to refueling the vehicle.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed by
positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground retail
fueling module that includes at least one aboveground storage tank,
an attached dispensing pump and an attached canopy for protecting a
user during a fueling transaction, and wherein step (c) is
performed by permitting a person to refuel a vehicle while standing
beneath the canopy.
5. A method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step of communicating
with the person from a position that is remote from the aboveground
retail fueling module is performed from a remote service
facility.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step of communicating
with the person from a position that is remote from the aboveground
retail fueling module is performed telephonically.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed by
positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground retail
fueling module that includes at least one aboveground storage tank,
an attached dispensing pump, a conduit for holding fuel that is
being transported between the dispensing pump and the storage tank,
secondary containment for both the aboveground storage tank and the
conduit, and spill containment.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein step (a) comprises using
a lifting device to position the aboveground retail fueling module
that includes at least one aboveground storage tank and an attached
dispensing pump in the desired location.
10. A method of retailing fuel, comprising steps of: (a)
positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground fueling
module that includes at least one aboveground storage tank, an
attached dispensing pump and structure for supporting the storage
tank and dispensing pump together as a unit on an underlying
surface; (b) loading fuel into the aboveground storage tank; (c)
permitting a customer to refuel a vehicle with fuel that is drawn
from the aboveground storage tank by using the dispensing pump; (d)
determining whether the desired location is still the preferred
location for the module; and (e) if it is not the preferred
location, re-positioning the aboveground fueling module to a
different location.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein step (e) comprises
using a lifting device to position the module to the different
location.
12. A method according to claim 10, wherein step (a) is performed
without installing any underground facilities.
13. A method according to claim 10, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank and an attached dispensing pump that includes a
commercial credit card reader, and wherein step (c) is performed by
permitting a person to use the commercial credit card reader in a
transaction that is related to refueling the vehicle.
14. A method according to claim 10, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank, an attached dispensing pump and an attached canopy
for protecting a user during a fueling transaction, and wherein
step (c) is performed by permitting a person to refuel a vehicle
while standing beneath the canopy.
15. A method according to claim 10, further comprising a step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module is performed from a remote
service facility.
17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module is performed
telephonically.
18. A method according to claim 11, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank, an attached dispensing pump, a conduit for holding
fuel that is being transported between the dispensing pump and the
storage tank, and secondary containment for both the aboveground
storage tank and the conduit, whereby the module will be as safe a
possible for fueling transactions.
19. A method according to claim 10, wherein step (c) is performed
without an attendant being present.
20. A method of retailing fuel, comprising steps of: (a)
positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground fueling
module that includes at least one aboveground storage tank, an
attached dispensing pump and structure for supporting the storage
tank and dispensing pump together as a unit on an underlying
surface, step (a) being performed so that the dispensing pump is
accessible to a vehicle operator; (b) loading fuel into the
aboveground storage tank; and (c) permitting a customer to conduct
a refueling transaction that comprises refueling a vehicle with
fuel that is drawn from the aboveground storage tank by using the
dispensing pump; and (d) recording the transaction.
21. A method according to claim 20, wherein step (a) comprises
using a lifting device.
22. A method according to claim 20, wherein step (a) is performed
without installing any underground facilities.
23. A method according to claim 20, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank and an attached dispensing pump that includes a
commercial credit card reader, and wherein step (c) is performed by
permitting a person to use the commercial credit card reader in a
transaction that is related to refueling the vehicle.
24. A method according to claim 20, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank, an attached dispensing pump and an attached canopy
for protecting a user during a fueling transaction, and wherein
step (c) is performed by permitting a person to refuel a vehicle
while standing beneath the canopy.
25. A method according to claim 20, further comprising a step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein the step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module is performed from a remote
service facility.
27. A method according to claim 25, wherein the step of
communicating with the person from a position that is remote from
the aboveground retail fueling module is performed
telephonically.
28. A method according to claim 21, wherein step (a) is performed
by positioning at a desired dispensing location an aboveground
retail fueling module that includes at least one aboveground
storage tank, an attached dispensing pump, a conduit for holding
fuel that is being transported between the dispensing pump and the
storage tank, and secondary containment for both the aboveground
storage tank and the conduit, whereby the module will be as safe a
possible for fueling transactions.
29. A method according to claim 20, wherein step (c) is performed
without an attendant being present.
Description
[0001] This is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/718,594, filed Nov.
22, 2000, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/517,949, filed
Mar. 3, 2000, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/457,544, filed
on Dec. 9, 1999, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/032,187,
filed Feb. 27, 1998, which is a continuation of Ser. No.
08/720,806, filed on Oct. 1, 1996, which is a Continuation-In-Part
of Ser. No. 08/215,224 filed on Mar. 21, 1994, which is a
continuation of 08/194,751, filed Feb. 10, 1994, which is a
continuation of Ser. No. 07/760,747, filed on Sep. 16, 1991 and now
abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/607,567,
filed on Nov. 1, 1990 and now U.S. Pat. No. 5,305,926, which in
turn is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/332,462, now U.S.
Pat. No. 4,988,020, which was filed Mar. 30, 1989. The disclosures
of all of the above-referenced documents are hereby incorporated
into this document as if set forth fully herein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to an improved portable
fueling facility of the type that may be deployed at an airport or
other desired refueling location. More specifically, the invention
relates to an improved fueling facility which has improved
secondary containment characteristics, is easily deployable at a
desired location and that does not need an attendant to effect a
refueling transaction.
[0004] 2. Description of the Prior Art and Related Technology
[0005] Nearly all modern airports have facilities of some type for
refueling. The most prevalent type of aircraft refueling facility
includes a belowground storage tank and an aboveground pumping
module which are operated by an attendant, much in the manner of
commercial service stations for automobiles.
[0006] One significant disadvantage of such in-ground refueling
stations is the time and labor involved in preparing for and
constructing such a facility. Some factors that contribute to the
expense of constructing a belowground facility include the need for
construction permits, subcontractors, excavation and the time and
planning involved in locating a permanent site for the facility.
Once installed, such facilities cannot practically be moved to
different locations at the airport, to other airports, or be
sold.
[0007] In recent years, some aboveground refueling facilities have
become commercially available. One example is the Edghill Airfield
fueling installation, which is commercially available from H.W.
Edghill Equipment, of Basing Stoke, Hampshire, England. This
facility includes a pair of tanks that are manifolded together and
are mounted on a hard surface by a skid. A remotely positioned
electrically powered dispensing unit is provided to dispense the
fuel. However, this dispensing unit also requires the presence of
an attendant to monitor the refueling transaction and has limited
safeguards to prevent leaks and spills.
[0008] In many small airports throughout the United States and the
world, it is difficult for a pilot to refuel his or her aircraft at
irregular times when an attendant is not present at the airport's
refueling facility. As a result, a pilot may be effectively
prevented from beginning or resuming a flight until an attendant is
again on duty.
[0009] In addition, many commercial service stations for
automobiles have limited operational hours. When an attendant is
not on duty at such stations, a traveler cannot refuel his
vehicle.
[0010] Another problem with existing aboveground fuel storage
facilities is the possibility of catastrophic fire or explosion if
surrounding objects catch on fire.
[0011] When storing volatile liquids such as fuel, it is important
that the loss of vapor to atmosphere be minimized, both for fuel
conservation and ecological considerations.
[0012] When refilling a fueling facility, it is also important that
the operator in charge of such refilling be warned when the fuel
level in the storage tank approaches capacity.
[0013] It is clear there has existed a long and unfilled need in
the prior art for a portable aboveground refueling facility for
refueling aircraft or ground vehicles which has adequate protection
against fuel leakage, is readily deployable at a desired refueling
location and does not require an attendant to effect a refueling
transaction.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an
improved portable aircraft refueling facility which is effective at
preventing unwanted fuel leakage, is readily deployable at a
desired location and which does not require an attendant to effect
a refueling transaction.
[0015] It is further an object to provide an aboveground fueling
facility that is insulated against fire or extreme temperature
conditions.
[0016] It is yet further an object of the invention to provide a
portable aircraft refueling facility that provides clean fuel for
pumping.
[0017] It is yet further an object of the invention to provide an
improved portable fueling facility having a system for
automatically preventing dangerous overfilling of its storage
tank.
[0018] It is further an object of the invention to provide an
improved portable refueling facility in which fuel is loaded and
unloaded with a minimum of spillage.
[0019] It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved
portable refueling facility which is capable of preventing vapor
loss to atmosphere, especially when the facility is warn or filled
to capacity.
[0020] It is further an object of the invention to provide an
improved portable refueling facility which provides a warning to a
fill operator during refilling when fuel in the storage tank of the
facility approaches the capacity of the storage tank.
[0021] It is further an object of the invention to provide a
portable refueling assembly that has a system for suppressing
combustion within a storage tank if and when such combustion
occurs.
[0022] In order to achieve these and other objects of the
invention, an improved aboveground system for storing a combustible
fluid such as gasoline includes a storage tank that is constructed
and arranged to store a combustible fluid such as gasoline, the
storage tank having a wall that has inner and outer surfaces; an
outer tank surrounding the inner tank so as to provide secondary
containment for the fluid that is stored in the storage tank, the
outer tank having a wall that has inner and outer surfaces, wherein
an interstitial space is defined between the inner surface of the
outer tank and the outer surface of the storage tank; and a pipe
for communicating with the storage tank, the pipe extending through
the wall of the storage tank, into the interstitial space and
through the interstitial space for a distance so as to extend
substantially parallel to at least one of the walls of the outer
tank and the storage tank, and then through the wall of the outer
tank, whereby fluid may be supplied to or withdrawn from the
storage tank.
[0023] According to a second aspect of the invention, an improved
aboveground system for storing a combustible fluid such as gasoline
includes a storage tank that is constructed and arranged to store a
combustible fluid such as gasoline, the storage tank having a wall
that has inner and outer surfaces; an outer tank surrounding the
inner tank so as to provide secondary containment for the fluid
that is stored in the storage tank, the outer tank having a wall
that has inner and outer surfaces, wherein an interstitial space is
defined between the inner surface of the outer tank and the outer
surface of the storage tank; a pipe for communicating with the
storage tank, the pipe extending through the wall of the storage
tank, into the interstitial space and through the interstitial
space for a distance so as to extend substantially parallel to at
least one of the walls of the outer tank and the storage tank, and
then through the wall of the outer tank, whereby fluid may be
supplied to or withdrawn from the storage tank; and access means
for gaining access through the wall of the outer tank to the
portion of the pipe that extends through the interstitial space for
a distance so as to extend substantially parallel to at least one
of the walls of the outer tank and the storage tank.
[0024] According to a third aspect of the invention, an improved
aboveground heat emergency-resistant system for storing a
combustible fluid such as gasoline includes a storage tank that is
constructed and arranged to store a combustible fluid such as
gasoline, the storage tank having a wall that has inner and outer
surfaces; an outer tank surrounding the inner tank so as to provide
secondary containment for the fluid that is stored in the storage
tank, the outer tank having a wall that has inner and outer
surfaces, wherein an interstitial space is defined between the
inner surface of the outer tank and the outer surface of the
storage tank; and a vent for relieving pressure from the
interstitial space.
[0025] These and various other advantages and features of novelty
that characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity
in the claims annexed hereto and forming a part hereof. However,
for a better understanding of the invention, its advantages, and
the objects obtained by its use, reference should be made to the
drawings which form a further part hereof, and to the accompanying
descriptive matter, in which there is illustrated and described a
preferred embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a portable refueling
facility constructed according to a preferred embodiment of the
invention;
[0027] FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the facility depicted
in FIG. 1;
[0028] FIG. 3 is a diagrammatical view illustrating operation of a
hose retractor mechanism in an apparatus constructed according to
the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2;
[0029] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4-4 in
FIG. 1;
[0030] FIG. 5 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along
lines 5-5 in FIG. 1;
[0031] FIG. 6 is a cutaway view of the deck compartment illustrated
in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5;
[0032] FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the leak detection
gauge depicted in FIG. 1;
[0033] FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a system that is used
to control a refueling facility constructed according to the
embodiment of FIGS. 1-7;
[0034] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a portable fueling facility
constructed according to a second embodiment of the invention;
[0035] FIG. 10 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of a component
in the embodiment of FIG. 9;
[0036] FIG. 11 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through the
embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10;
[0037] FIG. 12 is a fragmentary top plan view of a component in the
embodiment of FIGS. 9-11;
[0038] FIG. 13 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view through a
component in the embodiment of FIGS. 9-12;
[0039] FIG. 14 is a fragmentary cross section through another
component in the embodiment of FIGS. 9-13;
[0040] FIG. 15 is a cutaway fragmentary view of a component in the
embodiment of FIGS. 9-14;
[0041] FIG. 16 is a schematic of a valve control circuit in the
embodiment of FIGS. 9-15;
[0042] FIG. 17 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a
portable fueling facility constructed according to a third
embodiment of the invention;
[0043] FIG. 18 is an elevational view of a portion of the system
illustrated in FIG. 17; FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of a
system constructed according to a fourth embodiment of the
invention;
[0044] FIG. 20 is a fragmentary elevational view of a component in
the system which is depicted in FIG. 19; and
[0045] FIG. 21 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a
portable fueling facility that is constructed according to a fourth
embodiment of the invention;
[0046] FIG. 22 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken through
one component of the assembly that is depicted in FIG. 21;
[0047] FIG. 23 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a
portable fueling facility that is constructed according to a fifth
embodiment of the invention;
[0048] FIGS. 24(a)-24(f) are diagrammatical depictions of a
preferred method of assembly for portable fueling facilities that
are constructed according to the invention;
[0049] FIG. 25 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a
portable fueling facility that is constructed according to a sixth
embodiment of the invention;
[0050] FIG. 26 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view through a
portable fueling facility that is constructed according to a
seventh embodiment of the invention; and
[0051] FIG. 27 is a schematic representation of a control system of
the embodiment of the invention that is depicted in FIG. 26.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
[0052] Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference
numerals designate corresponding structure throughout the views,
and in particular referring to FIG. 1, an improved refueling
facility 10 includes an outer tank 12, a front inner storage tank
14 and a rear inner storage tank 16. The front and rear storage
tanks 14, 16 are both disposed within outer tank 12, which provides
secondary containment about both inner storage tanks 14, 16 in
order to provide effective detection and prevention of leakage from
the inner tanks 14, 16. A pair of lifting lugs 18 are provided on
an upper surface of outer tank 12 in order to permit the facility
10 to be moved via a crane or like lifting device to a desired
location. The facility 10 and, more specifically, outer tank 12 is
supported relative to a flat horizontal surface such as concrete
platform or a paved surface by a plurality of saddle members 20,
each of which have a flat lower surface and a concave upper surface
which receives a lower portion of outer tank 12. As is illustrated
in FIG. 1, both the front storage tank 14 and the rear storage tank
16 are in communication with a respective vent pipe 22 which has a
valve 24 mounted at a second end thereof. Valve 24 is constructed
to allow air or vapors to flow into and out of the respective tank
14, 16. However, valve 24 acts as a check valve to minimize fuel
vapors from leaving vent pipe 22 during refilling or expansion.
This is accomplished by a spring actuator within valve 24 which
causes the valve to seat until pressure or a vacuum builds up in
the tank 14, 16.
[0053] Referring briefly to FIG. 2, facility 10 includes a fueling
station 25 that has a protective canopy 26, a first pump 28 and a
second pump 30 that are beneath the canopy 26. In the illustrated
embodiment, first pump 28 is dedicated to the front storage tank 14
and is used to dispense jet A fuel, while second pump 30 is
dedicated to rear storage tank 13 and is used to dispense AVGAS.
Operation of both pumps 28, 30 is controlled by means of a pump
control unit 32 in a manner which will be described in greater
detail below.
[0054] One attractive feature of a fueling facility constructed
according to the invention is its capability to accommodate
self-service refueling by accepting major commercial credit cards.
To effect this capability, a credit card reader 34 is provided in
fueling station 25. A receipt printer 36 is positioned beneath card
reader 34 to provide a tangible verification of the refueling
transaction to the pilot for his or her financial records. A
telephone 38 is provided above card reader 34 in order to enable a
pilot to communicate any inquiries or complaints to a central
customer support facility.
[0055] In operation, first pump 28, when activated, will pump fuel
from front storage tank 14 through a first filter unit 40 into a
first hose 42 to a nozzle 43, which may be held by the pilot during
the refueling process. Similarly, second pump 30, when activated,
pumps fuel from rear storage tank 16 through a second filter unit
44 into a second hose 46 to a nozzle 47. Nozzle 47 may also be of
the hand-held type, in which case an operator may hold the nozzle
47 during refueling. Alternatively, nozzle 43 may be of the type
that is securable to the refueling port in an airplane. In this
second case, the operator is required to depress a dead man switch
58 during the entire refueling process in order to permit operation
of pump 28. In this way, refueling is disrupted should an
unexpected emergency occur.
[0056] Before refueling, an operator will ground the aircraft by
means of a cable attachment 50 that is unwindable from a grounding
reel 48, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Grounding reel 48 is
electrically connected to the frame of fueling facility 10. As a
result, arcing between facility 10 and the aircraft due to
differences in electrical potential therebetween is prevented.
[0057] Referring again to FIG. 1, it will be observed that pumps
28, 30 are mounted upon a deck compartment 52, the construction of
which provides important advantages according to the invention.
Deck compartment 52 defines a compartment or space therein through
which the fuel lines between tanks 14, 16 and pumps 28, 30
respectively. pass. As a result, secondary containment is achieved
beneath all pipe connections for the entire fueling facility
10.
[0058] Referring briefly to FIG. 2, fueling station 25 further
includes an electrical panel 54 through which electrical lines for
operating the pumps 28, 30, card reader 34, receipt printer 36 and
pump control unit 32 are routed. An emergency shut-off switch 56 is
provided adjacent electrical panel 54, as is the dead man switch 58
that has previously been discussed. A pair of fire extinguishers 60
are further mounted at fueling station 25 by a respective pair of
clamps 62 as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0059] Another novel aspect of the invention concerns a novel
fueling hose retracting arrangement which includes a pair of
retractor columns 64, 65 which are mounted at outer ends of fueling
station 25 adjacent pumps 30, 28 respectively. Each retractor
column 64 includes an aircraft warning light 66, an illumination
source 68 and an arm 70 for supporting illumination source 68. The
construction of the hose retracting arrangements within retractor
columns 64, 65 is discussed in greater detail below.
[0060] In order to monitor the fuel level in rear storage tank 16,
a tank gauge 72 includes a tape 76 which is attached to a float
within tank 16 and extends from tank 16 to a position outside outer
tank 12 through a gauge tape housing 74. Tape 76 is urged
downwardly by a weight 78. By observing the position of weight 78,
the fuel level within rear storage tank 16 can be determined. In
addition, a leak detection gauge 84 is provided for measuring the
amount of fluid that has collected in the interstitial space
between tanks 14, 16 and the outer tank 12. The operation of leak
detection gauge 84 will be discussed in greater detail below.
[0061] Referring now to FIG. 3, the specifics of the hose retractor
arrangement that is positioned within both retractor columns 64, 65
will now be discussed. The retractor arrangement includes a first
pulley 86 that is rotatably mounted to a retractor column 64. A
swivel-type hose support bracket 88 is used to support a central
portion of a respective one of the fueling hoses 42, 46, as is
shown in FIG. 3. A second counterweight pulley is rotatably mounted
to a connecting rod 94 by means of a device 92. Connecting rod 94
is in turn secured to a counterweight 96 which is of sufficient
mass to exert a relatively strong downward force on counterweight
pulley 90. A retractor cable 95 is secured to hose support bracket
88 at a first end thereof and has a second end which is secured to
retractor column 64 by a cable tie-down member 98. Cable 95
stretches over the first and second pulleys 86, 90 in the manner
illustrated in FIG. 3 so that the weight of counterweight 96 is
transmitted to support bracket 88 in the form of an upward bias
which causes the hose 46 to be withdrawn to a retracted position
until a greater downward force is exerted thereon by an operator
during the refueling process. It should be noted that the pulley
arrangement described above and illustrated in FIG. 3 constitutes a
force magnification linkage which applies twice the amount of
upward force on hose 46 than is exerted downwardly by counterweight
96. The above-described retraction arrangement provides a smooth
non-disruptive retraction force, which insures that the respective
hoses 42, 46 will be withdrawn from an aircraft when an operator
ceases to impart downward force to nozzles 43, 47,
respectively.
[0062] Referring now to FIG. 5, a fragmentary cross-sectional view
looking down into an end portion of front storage tank 14 and deck
compartment 52 depicts the interstitial space 100 which is defined
between the front storage space 14 and outer tank 12. As is shown
in FIG. 5, a rear tank fill tube 102 extends from the rear storage
tank 16 to a nipple end 108. A gate valve 104 is interposed in fill
tube 102 between rear tank 16 and nipple 108. When it is desired to
refill rear tank 16, a source of fuel is connected to nipple 108
and gate valve 104 is opened, thereby permitting fuel to be pumped
from the refueling source into rear tank 16 via fill tube 102.
Similarly, a front tank fill tube 116 is provided in communication
with front tank 14. Front tank fill tube 116 has a nipple end
portion 110 and a gate valve 112 interposed between nipple portion
110 and the remainder thereof. When it is desired to refill front
storage tank 14, an appropriate source of fuel is connected to
nipple 110 and gate valve 112 is opened, thereby permitting fuel to
be pumped into front storage tank 14.
[0063] As is shown in FIG. 5, both nipples 108, 110 are positioned
above a grate 109 which permits fuel that is spilled during
refilling to drop down into deck compartment 52. In this way, deck
compartment 52 acts as a secondary containment for fuel spillage
during refilling of tanks 14, 16.
[0064] In order to provide fuel from front storage tank 14, a front
tank supply pipe 118 is connected to first pump 28, as is shown in
FIG. 5. A valve 122 is provided within front tank supply pipe 118
in order to cut off the supply of fuel to first pump 28 during
maintenance or in the event of an emergency. Similarly, a rear tank
supply pipe 120 communicates rear tank 16 with second pump 30 and
has a valve 124 interposed therein. Both pipe 118 and pipe 120 are
routed through deck compartment 52 in order to provide secondary
containment for fuel that is drawn therethrough.
[0065] Referring now to FIG. 6, a water draw off line 128 having a
valve 130 interposed therein is provided for drawing water off a
bottom portion of first tank 14 in a manner that is known to those
skilled in the art. Rear tank 16 is provided with a similar water
draw off arrangement, as will be discussed below. An inspection
hatch 134 is provided in deck compartment 52 for providing access
during maintenance, refilling or in an emergency. As is best shown
in FIG. 6, deck compartment 52 includes an end wall 138, an upper
wall 140 and a lower wall 142. These walls along with a pair of
side walls (not shown) define a compartment or space which provides
secondary containment for the rear tank fill tube 102, the front
tank fill tube 116, and for spillage from the front tank supply
pipe 118 and the rear tank supply pipe 120. As a result, the
facility 10 provides a high degree of safety and protection from
accidental spillage or combustion due to fuel linkage.
[0066] Referring now to FIG. 7, leak detection gauge 84 will now be
discussed. Leak detection gauge 84 includes a transparent gauge
tube 144 that is in communication with the interstitial space
between second tank 16 and outer tank 12. Gauge tube 144 has
measuring indicia 146 provided thereon for accurately measuring the
level of fluid within gauge tube 144. A drain tube 148 extends
downwardly from gauge tube 144 and has a valve 150 provided
therein. As a result, leak detection gauge 84 can also be used to
drain unwanted fluid from within the interstitial space 100. Also
depicted in FIG. 7 is the water draw off line 152 that is provided
for the rear tank 16. Line 152 has a valve 154 interposed therein
and functions in a manner which is known to those skilled in the
art.
[0067] Referring now to FIG. 8, a system for controlling the first
and second pumps 28, 30, which are labeled as P1 and P2,
respectively for purposes of FIG. 8 will now be described. As is
depicted in FIG. 8, card reader 34 is in communication with a
central processing unit 156. Central processing unit 156 is
arranged to instruct a pump control unit 158 when it is permissible
to actuate one of the pumps P1, P2. A remote service center 160 can
monitor and/or instruct CPU 156 on one or any refueling
transactions that take place. Service center 160 is further in
two-way voice communication with telephone 38. All transactions
that occur at the improved facility 10 are recorded in a log 162,
which is provided with information from the central processing unit
156. Receipt printer 34 is also given instructions by the central
processing unit 156. Pump control unit 158 may further be
responsive to the input of dead man switch 58 in the manner that is
described above.
[0068] An improved portable fueling facility 210 constructed
according to a second embodiment of the invention is depicted in
FIGS. 9-16. Referring to FIG. 9, fueling facility 210 includes an
outer tank 212 that is constructed to surround a storage tank 214.
Structure 216 including a saddle member 218 is provided for
supporting the outer tank 212, as may be seen in FIG. 9. A pump
assembly 220 is provided on top of a deck compartment 221, in the
manner described above with reference to the previous embodiment. A
fire suppression system 222 is contained in a hood 224 that is
attached to outer tank 212 and extends above pump assembly 220. The
fire suppression system 222 is commercially obtainable from ADX as
Series 9000 Dry Chemical Spot Protection System.
[0069] Referring again to FIG. 9, facility 210 includes at least
two lugs 226, 228 that are provided on an upper surface of outer
tank 212. Lugs 226, 228 are adapted to be engaged by a crane or
similar device for locating the facility 210 in a desired location.
An emergency vent 230 is further provided on an upper surface of
outer tank 212, and is in communication with storage tank 214, as
may be seen in FIG. 11. Emergency vent 230 is of known
construction, and is designed to allow vapor to escape and safely
burn off in the vent of a catastrophic fire or other emergency. A
pressure/vacuum vent 232 is also provided on an upper surface of
outer tank 212 so as to be in communication with storage tank 214.
Vent 232 is designed to open when subjected to more than eight (8)
ounces per square inch of positive pressure or one-half ounce per
square inch of negative pressure, thereby allowing storage tank 214
to breathe without allowing vapor therein to escape during normal
operating conditions. Vent 232 is of known construction.
[0070] Facility 210 is connected to a power source 234 via an
electrical cable 236 that is routed through an emergency cutoff
switch 238. The electrical system for facility 210 is similar to
that described above with reference to the previous embodiment.
[0071] One novel aspect of facility 210 is the provision of
insulation material 240 and the interstitial space that exists
between outer tank 212 and storage tank 214. Preferably, insulation
material 240 is Kaowall 2300 ceramic fiber blanket, but it may
alternatively be formed of similar fire-retardant materials. During
normal operating conditions, insulation material 240 protects tank
214 against external temperature conditions that could otherwise
cause fuel therein to expand or contract. In the event of a fire,
insulation material 240 retards transmission of heat to storage
tank 214, thereby providing extra time that could be used to
extinguish the fire or to escape from its vicinity.
[0072] Referring now to FIGS. 10-13, the fueling facility 210 is
provided with a receptacle 242 that is mounted to the upper surface
of outer tank 212. Receptacle 242 is in the preferred embodiment
formed by a single cylindrical side wall 244 which is sealed at a
bottom edge to the upper surface of outer tank 212 by welding or a
similar process. The upper edge of side wall 244 defines an opening
which is selectively exposed or closed by a lid 246, which is
pivotally secured to side wall 244 by means of a hinge 248.
[0073] Referring to FIG. 11, a gauge 250 for measuring the volume
of fuel in storage tank 214 is provided on a top surface of outer
tank 212. Volume gauge 250 includes a gauge body 252 from which a
cable 254 supporting a float 256 within storage tank 214 is
supported. An optical readout on gauge body 252 indicates the
amount of cable 254 that has been played out, thereby determining
the volume of fuel within storage tank 214. The readout itself is
calibrated in terms of volume, rather than the length of cable that
has been played out. Gauge 250 is commercially available from
Scully Gage Company, as Model 3100.
[0074] Referring to FIG. 13, a drain tube 320 is provided between
the space defined within receptacle 242 and the space within
storage tank 214 for allowing fuel spilled in receptacle 242 to
drain into storage tank 214. A fill indicating-assembly 260 is also
provided within receptacle 242. Fill indicating assembly 260
includes a float member 262, which is preferably copper-coated, a
rod 264 and a sleeve 266 which communicates the space within
receptacle 242 with the space within storage tank 214. Rod 264 is
slidingly mounted within sleeve 266 and has an indicator disk 268
on an end thereof which extends into receptacle 242. Indicia 270
are provided on an inner surface of side wall 244. By viewing the
position of disk 268 relative to indicia 270, an operator can
determine when storage tank 214 has been filled to its
predetermined maximum safe capacity.
[0075] A fill pipe 314 is also provided within receptacle 242. Fill
pipe 314 communicates the space within receptacle 242 to a lower
portion of storage tank 214, where fill pipe 314 terminates in a
beveled end 315. The end of fill pipe 314 which extends into
receptacle 242 is covered by a fill cap 316 that is attached to
fill pipe 314 and opens by unscrewing lockable cover 318.
[0076] As may be seen in FIG. 11, pump assembly 220 includes a pump
274 and a pair of bumpers 276 that are provided on deck compartment
221 to protect pump 274 from accidental contact with a vehicle.
[0077] Facility 210 further includes a novel supply pipe structure
278 which includes an intake conduit 280 consisting of a rigid pipe
282 having an elbow portion 284 in which a fuel intake orifice 286
is defined. A float member 288 is mounted on an opposite side of
elbow portion 284 from intake orifice 286. Rigid pipe 282 is
pivotally supported at its lower end by a pivotal mounting
structure 290, as may be seen in FIG. 14. Accordingly, as the level
of fuel in storage tank 214 changes, float member 288 maintains the
elbow portion 284 and thus orifice 286 at a position that is
slightly beneath the upper surface of the fuel within tank 214. As
a result, fuel which is drawn into intake conduit 280 is kept as
free as possible from sediment, which tends to collect at the
bottom inside surface 326 of storage tank 214.
[0078] Referring again to FIGS. 14 and 15, mounting structure 290
in its preferred embodiment is constructed from a first pipe elbow
292 which is connected at one end to a pump supply pipe 294. A
second pipe elbow 296 is connected at one end to rigid pipe 282. A
pipe nipple 298 is provided between second ends of the first and
second pipe elbows 292, 296. Pipe nipple 298 may be threaded with
respect to the elbows 292, 296 so as to allow relative rotation
therebetween, or may be sealed with respect thereto in alternative
manner.
[0079] As may be seen in FIG. 15, a solenoid-controlled valve 300
is interposed between pump supply pipe 294 in a pipe 302 that leads
to pump 274. Electrical connections to solenoid valve 300 are made
through a sealed electrical junction box 304, which is provided
within a deck compartment 221, as may be seen in FIGS. 14 and 15. A
valve access cover 308 is provided on an upper surface of deck
compartment 221 to provide access to valve containment box 306.
[0080] Solenoid valve 300 is constructed so as to be closed until
it is electrically actuated to assume an open position. As may be
seen schematically in FIG. 16, solenoid valve 300 is wired in
series with a pump motor 310 within pump 274. When a switch 312 in
pump 274 is actuated by an operator to its closed position, power
from power source 234 flows through pump motor 310 and solenoid
valve 300, thereby allowing fuel from intake conduit 280 to flow
from storage tank 214 to the pump 274.
[0081] To refuel facility 210, an operator will undo the latch 322
and pivot lid 246 on its hinges 248 to an open position, in order
to expose the fill pipe 314 within receptacle 242. The cap 316 is
then removed from the top of fill pipe 314 by unscrewing it. A hose
from a refueling truck is then connected to fill pipe 314 in a
conventional manner. If, during refueling, fuel should spill into
receptacle 242, it will drain into storage tank 214 via drain tube
258. During refueling, an operator monitors the position disk 268
relative to the indicia 270 that are provided on side wall 244.
When disk 268 reaches the indicated maximum fill position, the
refueling hose is disconnected from pipe 314, and cap, 316 is
closed. The lid 246 of receptacle 242 is then closed and locked by
latch 322. During normal operation of the facility 210, fuel is
dispensed via pump 274 through the intake conduit 280, which
continuously adjusts its position to compensate for the changing
level of fuel within storage tank 214. In the event of a fire or
other emergency, fire suppression system 222 will act to
automatically suppress fires in the vicinity of pump 274. The
insulation material 240 will protect the fuel and storage tank 214
in order to provide time for the fire to be extinguished. During
normal operation, an operator may check to see whether any leakage
has occurred from storage tank 214 by monitoring an interstitial
gauge 334 which is constructed as a transparent tube and is in
communication with the interstitial space between storage tank 214
and outer tank 212. A pair of guards 336 are provided to protect
the interstitial gauge 334.
[0082] When fuel is dispensed by pump 274 to a vehicle, a stage II
recovery circuit 328 ensures that fuel vapor that is displaced from
the tank of the vehicle will be recovered. Pump 274 is constructed
so as to be able to recover such vapor from--the tank, in a manner
that is known in the art. An external vapor line 332 connects pump
274 to an internal vapor line 330 that extends within storage tank
214. Internal vapor line 330 terminates in an orifice near the top
inside surface 324 of storage tank 214. As fuel is forced into the
tank of a vehicle by pump 274, the vapor is displaced from the
vehicle into the external vapor line 332 from where it passes into
internal vapor line 330 to be emitted above the upper surface of
the fuel in storage tank 214.
[0083] A fueling facility 350 constructed according to a third
embodiment of the invention is identical in all respects to
facility 210 described in reference to FIGS. 9-16, except as
specified hereinbelow. Facility 350 includes a bottom fill
arrangement 352 which incorporates an external pipe 360 that is in
communication with a valve body 362 provided within storage tank
314. External pipe 360 is provided with an adapter 354 which is
connectable to a standard refueling vehicle, a check valve 356
which allows fuel to flow into tank 314 but prevents reverse flow
and a gate valve 358. Referring to FIG. 17, valve 362 is
constructed so as to be opened and closed by an actuator arm 364. A
float member 366 is pivotally connected to a side wall portion of
tank 314 by a pivot mount 370 via a rod 368. Rod 368 is connected
to actuator arm 364 via a linking structure 372, which in the
preferred embodiment is a rod 374. Valve 362 is constructed so as
to be in an open position when actuator arm 362 is in a downward
position, and is closed when actuator arm 364 is drawn upwardly to
a predetermined limit.
[0084] Facility 350 further includes a stage I vapor recovery
circuit 376 that consists of an internal vapor pipe 378 and an
external pipe 380. Internal pipe 378 has an orifice that is
positioned proximate the top inside surface 324 of tank 314.
Internal pipe 378 extends from its upper orifice downwardly
parallel to a side wall portion of tank 314 to a location where it
exits tank 314 and communicates with external pipe 380. A cap 382
is provided on the open end of external pipe 380, as may be seen in
FIG. 18.
[0085] When it becomes necessary to refill tank 314, a hose from a
refilling truck is connected to adapter 354, and gate valve 358 is
opened. Fuel is then pumped into tank 314 via the external pipe
360, through the open valve 362. When the fuel within tank 314
reaches its predetermined maximum level, float member 366 will, via
rod 368 and linking structure 372, pull actuator arm 364 to its
predetermined upper limit, thereby closing valve 362. At this
point, fuel is prevented from entering tank 314. One advantage of
the bottom fill mechanism 352 is that the refilling process is
automatically shut off without spilling fuel or over-pressuring
tank 314. During such refueling, vapor that is displaced from tank
314 enters internal pipe 378 through its upper orifice, and passes
through external pipe 380 to a second hose leading to the refueling
truck. In this way, the displaced vapor is recovered in the
refueling truck, and is not passed into the environment.
[0086] A portable fueling facility 410 according to a fourth
embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20.
Except as otherwise discussed, it should be assumed that system 410
is identical is structure and operation to the embodiment of the
invention disclosed in FIGS. 9-16. Referring to FIG. 19, system 410
includes a system 412 for holding and containing vapor from the
storage tank and preventing such vapor from escaping into the
atmosphere.
[0087] Vapor containing system 412 includes an expandable bladder
414 which is provided within a chamber 416 defined by the inner
wall of outer tank 212 and an outer end wall of storage tank 214.
Bladder 414 defines an expandable inner space 412 that is in
communication with an upper portion 422 of storage tank 214 via a
fitting 418, as may be seen in FIG. 19. Preferably, bladder 414 is
fabricated from an elastomeric material that is resistant to
degradation from petroleum-based liquids and vapors. Most
preferably, this material is a soft rubber such as BUNA N.
[0088] Vapor containing system 412 includes an arrangement 424 for
removing any condensate or liquid fuel that may have collected in
bladder 414. Condensate removing arrangement 424 includes a
drainage tube 426 which has a first end connected to and in
communication with a lower-most end of bladder 414, and a second
end connected to a valve 428 which is accessible from outside outer
tank 212.
[0089] In operation, bladder 414 will expand to accommodate vapor
from storage tank 214 when storage tank 214 heats or is filled.
When storage tank 214 cools or is emptied, the resilient material
forming the wall of bladder 414 will compress the vapor within
space 420, thereby forcing the vapor back into storage tank 214
through fitting 418. In this manner, vapor that would otherwise be
forced out of tank 214 into the atmosphere is conserved and
prevented from contaminating the environment. Periodically, an
operator removes condensate from bladder 414 by opening valve 428
and draining the condensed fuel into a suitable container.
[0090] As is further shown in FIG. 19, an open vent 429 is provided
to vent chamber 416 to atmosphere. This ordinarily does not result
in the release of vapor to atmosphere, since any vapor should be
contained within bladder 414. To permit access to chamber 416 for
servicing of bladder 414 or the condensate removing arrangement
424, an access panel 427 is provided in the wall of outer tank
212.
[0091] A gauge 430 is provided to monitor the level of fuel within
storage tank 214. Gauge 430 is preferably of the type that has a
display resembling the face of a clock.
[0092] System 410 further includes a siphon supply arrangement 432
for conveying fuel from storage tank 214 to the fuel pump. Siphon
supply arrangement 432 includes a fuel supply line 434 which
includes a lower horizontal section 436 that is connected to a fuel
pump in the manner described above with reference to the embodiment
of FIG. 11. Fuel supply line 434 further includes a vertical
section 438 which runs vertically from lower horizontal section 436
within a space between storage tank 214 and a front wall 452 of
outer tank 212. A top end of vertical section 438 is connected to
an upper horizontal section 440, which in turn is connected at its
second end with a vertical intake section 444, which enters storage
tank 214 at an upper portion 442 thereof and extends down within
storage tank 214 to an intake end 446 which is proximate a bottom
surface of storage tank 214. A fire wall 450 is provided between
vertical section 438 and the front wall 452 of outer tank 212 for
thermally insulating supply line 434. An access port 448 is
provided directly above horizontal section 440 for providing access
to the siphon supply arrangement 432.
[0093] In operation, if a fire should occur, supply arrangement 432
is insulated against direct contact with any flames by fire wall
450. The vertical section 438 of supply line 434 will first absorb
any heat that is transmitted through fire wall 450. In any siphon,
lower pressure will exist in the highest part of any piping through
which the siphon is routed. In the case of supply arrangement 432,
any fuel within supply line 434 is at its lower pressure in
horizontal section 440 and in the upper portions of vertical
section 438. As heat is transmitted by a fire to vertical section
438 and horizontal section 440, the combined effect of heating and
existing under pressure will tend to vaporize fuel within these
sections, thereby expanding the fuel and forcing any liquid fuel
down through vertical intake section 444 into tank 214. As a
result, the highly flammable fuel is kept constrained in storage
tank 214 for as long as possible, while the fire can be put
out.
[0094] Referring now to FIGS. 19 and 20, it will be seen that
system 410 is provided with a receptacle 242 that is identical to
that disclosed in previous embodiments, with the exceptions noted
hereinbelow. Receptacle 242 includes a cover having a lock 454
thereon, which can be used to lock the cover into position when
access to a removable fill cap cover 456 and fill cap 458 therein
is not desired. As may be seen in FIG. 20, receptacle 242 includes
a lower flange 460 that is mounted to a flange 462 on outer tank
212 by a plurality of bolts 464. Flange 462 is welded to a
cylinder-shaped mounting sleeve 466 which is in turn welded to the
edges of aligned openings which are defined in outer tank 212 and
storage tank 214. A thermal lining 467 is provided immediately
beneath flange 462 for maintaining the thermal insulation of any
fuel that may be contained within storage tank 214. Thermal lining
467 works in conjunction with the insulation material 240, which is
installed in a manner identical to that set forth in regard to the
embodiment of FIGS. 9-16. To provide even more complete thermal
insulation for the system, insulation material is also wrapped
about pressure/vacuum vent 232, emergency vent 230 and access port
448. Such insulation material is also preferably Kaowall 2300
ceramic blanket, but alternatively could be a different insulation
material.
[0095] A fill pipe 468 extends vertically downwardly from a lower
surface of flange 462 into storage tank 214, terminating at a lower
opening 470. When receptacle 242 is assembled onto system 410,
access to fill pipe 468 can be gained by removing the cover of
receptacle 242, removing the fill cap cover, and unscrewing the
fill cap 458.
[0096] According to one novel aspect of system 410, a fill warning
system 472 is provided which includes a whistle 474 interposed
between storage tank 214 and the spill container space 480 defined
within receptacle 242. As may be seen in FIG. 20, whistle 474 thus
extends through openings that are provided in the flanges 460, 462.
As shown in FIG. 20, fill pipe 468 has a pressure port 478 defined
therein at a vertical location on fill pipe 468 which represents a
first predetermined fill level A. In the preferred embodiment,
level A represents the point at which storage tank 214 is 90%
filled. A drain pipe 476 is in communication with a lower end of
whistle 474, and extends downwardly from whistle 474 to a lower end
that is positioned at a second predetermined fill level B. In the
preferred embodiment, level B represents the point at which storage
tank 214 is 95% filled.
[0097] In operation, a nozzle from a filling truck is inserted into
fill pipe 468 after removal fill cap 458, and fuel is pumped into
storage tank 214 via fill pipe 468. As vapor and air are displaced
from within storage tank 214, they are forced through pressure port
478 into fill pipe 468 and escape into the atmosphere or into a
vapor recovery system which is provided in the fill nozzle attached
to fill pipe 468. When the fuel level in tank 214 reaches level A,
though, pressure port 478 becomes immersed, and vapor and air can
no longer escape therethrough. At this point, an over-pressure is
temporarily created in the upper portion of storage tank 214.
Whistle 474 is constructed to operate at a certain pressure, which
is reached at this point. Accordingly, an audible whistle is
created as vapor and air escape into drain pipe 476 and are forced
through whistle 474. The operator at this point realizes that the
level in tank 214 has reached level A. The fuel level then
continues to rise until it reaches level B, thereby sealing off the
lower end of drain pipe 476. At this point, the whistle ceases, and
the operator is alerted to the fact that level B has been reached.
The operator has been trained to stop pumping fuel into the storage
tank 214 when this occurs.
[0098] If, during the filling process, fuel should spill into the
spill container 480, it will drain through whistle 474 and drain
pipe 476 back into storage tank 214. Whistle 474 thus acts as both
a fill warning system and a drain for spill container 480.
[0099] An improved fueling facility 510 that is constructed
according to a fourth embodiment of the invention is depicted in
FIG. 21. Facility 510 includes an outertank 512, an inner storage
tank 514, and a storage space 516 that is defined within the
storage tank 514. A fireproof insulation material 518 is interposed
within the interstitial space that is defined between the outer
tank 512 and the storage tank 514. The construction of facility 510
is the same as described with respect to previous embodiments,
except for the differences specifically noted herein.
[0100] A number of saddle members 20 are provided for supporting
the outer tank 512, and thus the entire assembly 510, with respect
to an underlying horizontal surface, such as the ground or a paved
or concrete surface. Facility 510 further includes a deck
compartment 520 for providing secondary containment about supply
pipes leading from storage space 516 to a pump 524 (not shown).
Deck compartment 520 is identical to those described above for
previous embodiments, except for the provision of an access hatch
521, and a pump riser 522. Pump riser 522 is rectangular in cross
section, and extends upwardly from deck compartment 520, as is
shown in FIG. 21. Pump riser 522 is sized to securely fit within a
recess that is defined at the bottom of pump 524. Thus, pump riser
522 provides a secure mounting structure for pump 524, which is
especially advantageous in that it prevents water from rain and
melting snow from entering deck compartment 520.
[0101] Referring again to FIG. 21, improved facility 510 includes a
bottom load assembly 526 for filling the storage space 516 defined
within storage tank 514 with product. As may be seen in FIG. 21,
bottom load assembly 526 includes an insulated, fireproofed
compartment 528 that is mounted securely to the outside of outer
tank 512 adjacent to pump 524. Compartment 528 is lined with
insulation material 530, which preferably is the same thermal
ceramic fiber material that is provided in the interstitial space
between outer tank 512 and storage tank 514. A supply pipe 532 that
is in communication with storage space 516 extends through the
interstitial space between storage tank 514 and outer tank 512,
through the outer wall of outer tank 512 and into the compartment
528, where it terminates in a threaded nipple. A cap 534 with a
filtering screen is ordinarily provided on the threaded nipple. A
gate valve 536 and a check valve 538 are interposed in supply pipe
532. Compartment 528 includes a hinged cover 540 for providing
access to the supply pipe 532 and cap 534. A lock 542 is preferably
provided on the exterior of compartment 528 to prevent unauthorized
access to the components therein.
[0102] According to one important aspect of the invention, a heat
sink 544 is mounted in the interstitial space between outer tank
512 and storage tank 514 in thermal communication with supply pipe
532. Heat sink 544, shown in FIG. 21, is preferably a mass of
metallic material, such as a series of 1/4 inch steel plates, 24
inches in diameter. Advantageously, heat sink 544 is positioned
between storage tank 514 and the most likely location for a fire
emergency, which is the area around pump 524. In the event of a
fire near pump 524, heat sink 544 will intercept some of the
radiated heat that would otherwise be transmitted to storage tank
514, creating a hot spot which could cause auto-ignition of
gasoline or other fuel in storage tank 514, accordingly providing
further protection against a fire-related emergency.
[0103] Another important aspect of improved facility 510 is the
provision of an interstitial gauge 546 for monitoring the
appearance of any liquid within the interstitial space that is
defined between outer tank 512 and storage tank 514. This enables
maintenance personnel to determine if the product tank is
leaking.
[0104] As may be seen in FIG. 21, improved facility 510 further
includes a level gauge 548 for monitoring the level of product
within the storage space 516, which has a float 550 that is
suspended within storage space 516. Facility 510 further includes
an interstitial emergency vent 552 that is designed to open when
pressure in the interstitial space between outer tank 512 and
storage tank 514 exceeds a predetermined maximum. If storage tank
514 should be breached, emergency vent 552 will release pressure
from the interstitial space that could otherwise result in a
catastrophic failure.
[0105] Improved facility 510 further includes an emergency vent 230
and a working vent 232, which are constructed and arranged in the
same manner as discussed above with reference to previously
disclosed embodiments.
[0106] Facility 510 includes a manway 554 that is, as was the case
in previously disclosed embodiments, sized to permit a service
person to physically enter storage space 516. One important aspect
of the invention is the provision of a heat suppression system 556
that is mounted, preferably, directly beneath manway 554, as well
as beneath emergency vent 230, as may best be seen in FIG. 21. Heat
suppression system 556 includes a chamber 558 that is constructed
and arranged to hold a coolant liquid, which is preferably a
water-propylene glycol solution. A fuse 566 is provided within
chamber 558 for releasing fluid from chamber 558 into storage space
516 when the temperature and storage space 516 exceeds a
predetermined maximum. A service plug 564 is provided at the top of
chamber 558 for permitting a service person access to the space
within chamber 558, such as during refilling or replacement of the
fluid within chamber 558. As may be seen in FIG. 22, chamber 558
includes at least one sidewall 559, and a top plate 557 in which
service plug 554 is mounted. Top plate 557 preferably extends
slightly outwardly from sidewall 559 to form a flange or lip, as is
shown in FIG. 22. As is shown in FIG. 22, a socket for supporting
heat suppression system 566 is defined in storage tank 514 by a
wall 574 that is welded to storage tank 514. Heat suppression
system 566 is lowered into this socket so that top plate 557 rests
on the upper edge of wall 574. An o-ring 576 is positioned between
wall 574 and the sidewall 559 of chamber 558 to ensure stability
and to form a pressure seal between the storage space 516 and the
interstitial space that is defined between outer tank 512 and
storage tank 514. A handle 598 is conveniently provided affixed to
top plate 557 for lifting the heat suppression system 566 out
through manway 554.
[0107] As may be seen in FIG. 21, emergency vent 230 is
communicated with storage tank 514 by a pipe 555 that terminates in
a stem 560. Vent 230 further includes an outer pipe 553 that
terminates in a stem 560. Vent 230 further includes an outer pipe
553 that is sealed with respect to outer tank 512. Advantageously,
pipe 555 is insulated with respect to pipe 553 by insulation
material 557, which preferably includes ceramic fiber rope packing.
In addition, a high temperature silicone sealant is used to keep
ambient air or fumes from entering the interstitial space. The same
packing and sealant is preferably used on other openings, such as
that for working vent 232 and gauge 548 as well.
[0108] The heat suppression system 556 that is suspended beneath
emergency vent 230 is identical in construction to that described
above, except that there is no mounting socket, and top plate 557
is welded to a stem 560 that depends downwardly from the outer wall
of storage tank 514. At least one vent hole 562 is provided in stem
560 to communicate vent 230 with the storage space 516 that is
defined within storage tank 514.
[0109] Referring again to FIG. 22, it will be seen that manway 554
includes a lower plate 572 that is secured to outer tank 512, and a
removable upper plate 570 that is releasably secured to lower plate
572 by means of a number of bolts 568.
[0110] Referring now to FIG. 23, an improved facility 580 that is
constructed according to a fifth embodiment of the invention will
be discussed. Facility 580 includes an outer tank 582, a storage
tank 584 and insulation material 586 that is constructed in the
same manner as that described above with reference to previous
embodiments. Facility 580 is designed to be filled from the top
through a fill tube 602 that is accessible by means of a manway
hatch 588. Fill tube 602 is depicted in FIG. 23, and has a cap 604
mounted thereon in the space that is defined by manway hatch 588. A
Stage I vapor recovery tube 606 also communicates the space within
storage tank 584 with the space defined within manway hatch 588 for
permitting recovery of vapor from the storage tank 584 during
filling. A cap 608 is shown mounted on the upper, outside end of
vapor recovery tube 606.
[0111] Facility 580 includes a heat suppression system 594 that is
similar to that discussed above with reference to the previous
embodiment. Heat suppression system 594 includes a socket defined
within storage tank 584 by a wall 590, a chamber 596 for storing a
coolant solution, which is preferably a water-propylene glycol
solution, a fuse 598 for dispersing the coolant within storage 584
when the temperature within storage tank 584 reaches a
predetermined maximum, and a service plug 600 for permitting access
to the chamber 596 from manway hatch 588.
[0112] As may be seen in FIG. 23, an O-ring 592 that is interposed
between wall 590 and chamber 596 seals chamber 596 with respect to
storage tank 584. The operation of heat suppression system 594, and
the heat suppression system 556 of the previously described
embodiment will be discussed in greater detail below.
[0113] Improved facility 580 further includes a fill level
sensor/control 610 that is coupled to a shut-off valve 612 that is
interposed within fill tube 602. During filling, when the level of
product within storage tank 584 exceeds a predetermined level, fill
level sensor/control 610 will automatically close valve 612 so that
no further product will be accepted into the tank 584.
[0114] The heat suppression systems 556, 594 of the last described
two embodiments operate as follows. In the event of a fire or other
heat-related emergency outside of the outer tank 582, the
insulation material in the interstitial space will, in conjunction
with the heat sink 544 described with reference to the embodiment
of FIG. 21, keep the respective storage tank cool for some time. At
some point, however, the storage tank will begin to heat to the
extent that spontaneous combustion of the product therein becomes
possible. Before that temperature is reached, the fuse of the heat
suppression system will melt and cause the coolant from the chamber
of the heat suppression system to become dispersed within the
storage tank. This spray of coolant will, first, cool the storage
tank, thus providing additional time before the temperature reaches
the critical point. However, once the temperature again climbs to
the critical point, the inert gas provided by the vaporized coolant
will neutralize the combustible vapors within the storage tank,
thus preventing combustion from occurring.
[0115] FIGS. 24(a)-24(f) diagrammatically depict a preferred method
for assembling a facility according to the invention. As shown in
FIG. 24(a), storage tank 514 is formed, and the necessary fittings
616 are installed in the storage tank 514. As shown in FIG. 24(b),
a number of nails are welded to the upper portion of storage tank
514. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 24(c), storage 514 is elevated,
and a blanket 620 of fire retardant, insulation material, most
preferably thermal ceramic fiber as described hereinabove, is
wrapped about the circumferential portion of storage tank 514.
During this process, the nails 618 help keep the insulation
material 620 securely fastened to the storage tank 514. As shown in
FIG. 24(d), more nails 618 are then welded to the end portions of
storage tank 514, and sections 622 of insulation material, also
preferably thermal ceramic fiber blanket, are pressed onto the
nails 618. The shell of outer tank 626 is preferably split open
longitudinally; a portion thereof is depicted in FIG. 24(f). The
storage tank assembly with the insulation material 624 thereon is
then guided longitudinally into the outer tank assembly 626, as is
shown in FIG. 24(e). After insertion, outer tank 626 is closed, and
an end plate 628 is welded to the outer tank assembly 626, as shown
in FIG. 24(f).
[0116] An improved portable fueling facility 710 that is
constructed according to a sixth embodiment of the invention is
depicted in FIG. 25. Facility 710 is substantially identical to the
embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 21, except that it
includes an improved product loading assembly 712 for loading
product, such as gasoline, into storage tank 514. Product loading
assembly 712 differs from that in the previously described
embodiment in that it includes a fill pipe 714 that has an
ascending portion 716 and a descending portion 716. The ascending
portion 716 extends in the space between outer tank 512 and storage
tank 514 upwardly from the level of compartment 528 to a location
near the top of storage tank 514, where it enters storage tank 514
and joins the descending portion 718. The descending portion 718
descends from this level within storage tank 514 to a location
proximate the bottom of storage tank 514, as is shown in FIG. 25.
An overfill prevention valve is interposed in descending portion
718 to automatically close and prevent fuel from being pumped into
storage tank 514 through fill pipe 714 once the product in storage
tank 514 reaches a predetermined maximum level. Facility 710
further includes a supply pipe 722 for supplying product from
storage tank 514 to an external pump that is positioned on pedestal
522. Supply pipe 722 is communicated with a lower portion of the
space 516 within storage tank 514, and includes an ascending
portion within storage tank 514 that leads to a top portion of and
exits storage tank 514, and a descending portion that descends
downwardly between storage tank 514 and outer tank 512, into the
deck compartment and pedestal 522, then into the pump that is
mounted on pedestal 522.
[0117] The construction of the improved product loading assembly
712 and of supply pipe 722 is advantageous in a number of ways.
First, the fittings in storage tank 514 are positioned at the top
of storage tank 514, rather than the bottom, above the anticipated
level of the product. As a result of this, a poorly installed or
damaged fitting is less likely to leak product into the
interstitial space between storage tank 514 and outer tank 512.
Second, during a fire-related emergency, the length of fill pipe
714 and supply pipe 722 will act as a heat sink to dissipate heat
that would otherwise be conducted to storage tank 514 and the
product therein. Third, also during a fire-related emergency, heat
will tend to vaporize any product that is in the upper end turn
portions of pipes 714, 722 first, which pushes product down the
respective descending portions of the pipes and creates a pressure
barrier that will deter product from being forced out of the
storage tank 514.
[0118] Referring now to FIGS. 26 and 27, a fluid dispensing system
710 that is constructed according to a seventh embodiment of the
invention includes a storage facility 712 for storing a combustible
fluid and a dispensing system 714 for dispensing the combustible
fluid from the storage facility 712.
[0119] As may be seen physically in FIG. 26 and schematically in
FIG. 27, storage facility 712 includes an electronic control system
716 for controlling the system 710 that is advantageously mounted
within an environmentally controlled compartment 718 that is
environmentally regulated and is insulated from any electrical
sparks or open flames that may occur within the vicinity of the
fluid dispensing system 710. The compartment 718 includes separate
heating and cooling systems that are designed so as to be
adjustable by an attendant. Since it is contained within the
environmentally controlled compartment 718, the electronic control
system 716 need not be explosion proof, as was required in
conventional systems prior to this invention. This can
substantially reduce the cost of manufacturing and maintaining the
dispensing system 710.
[0120] The electronic control system 716 is shown schematically in
FIG. 27. It includes a storage facility sensing system 720 for
monitoring certain conditions that can be critical to the operation
of the combustible fluid dispensing system 710. The different
sensors in the storage facility sensing system 720 will be
discussed in greater detail below.
[0121] As may be further seen in the schematic representation of
the control system that is depicted in FIG. 27, the system 710
preferably includes several remote units for receiving information
from the storage facility sensor system 720. As is shown
schematically in FIG. 27, the connection between the remote units
722 and the rest of the control system may be made through a direct
connection, such as by telephone wire, or by a wireless connection,
such as by using VHF or cellular telephone technology. In the
illustrated embodiment, the remote units 722 include a vehicle
transmitter 764 which is capable of receiving and sending
information to the control system, a remote owners module 740,
which is also capable of receiving and/or sending information to
the system, the service center 160 referred to above in reference
to other embodiments of this invention, and a telephone 38, also
described above.
[0122] The dispensing system 714 is shown schematically in FIG. 27
as well. Preferably, it includes a pump and dispenser control unit
158, which controls operation of one or more pumps 744, one or more
fuel additive injectors 736, one or more dispensers 738, and one or
more combustible fluid blending systems 742. The actual
construction of the injector 736, dispensers 738, blending system
742, and pumps 744 may be conventional as is known in the industry.
In the preferred embodiment, shown in FIG. 26, the pumps are
embodied as a submergible pump 754 that is positioned near the
bottom of the storage tank in the fluid dispensing system 710.
Advantageously, pump 754 and its attached fuel conduit 756 are
suspended within the storage facility 712 from a spill containment
area 758, which is constructed in a manner that is described above
with reference to other embodiments of the invention. The system
operates so that the pressure for moving the combustible liquid
from the storage facility 712 into a vehicle is developed entirely
by the submergible pump 754; the dispensing system 714 simply acts
as a valve to permit or preclude movement of the combustible liquid
to an intended destination vehicle and a meter to measure
volume.
[0123] Referring again to the sensing system 720, the system
preferably includes a first sensor system for detecting indicia of
the quantity of combustible fluid in the storage facility 712,
which is in the preferred embodiment a fuel level sensor 726. Fuel
level sensor 726 is also depicted in FIG. 26, and is part of a
system that also includes a water level sensor 734 for detecting
the level of water that inevitably collects at the bottom of the
storage facility 712. This system is commercially available from
Veeder-Root as Model TLS-350. Sensing system 720 further includes a
sensor in the interstitial space between the inner and outer tanks
in storage facility 712, for detecting leakage of the combustible
fluid into the interstitial space. This leak detection sensor 730
is also commercially available from Veeder-Root, and is designed to
detect the presence of hydrocarbons in the interstitial space.
[0124] Sensing system 720 further includes a third sensor system
for detecting indicia of foreign matter contamination in the
combustible fluid, which is embodied as a sensor 728 for detecting
the presence of biocontaminates in the storage facility 712. This
sensor is also commercially available from Veeder-Root.
[0125] Referring again to FIG. 26, it will be seen that the
environmentally controlled compartment 718 for the electronic
control system 716 is advantageously mounted in a hood member 746
that is detachably mounted to the storage facility 712. Hood unit
746 further includes a light 750 for providing illumination during
operation, and a door 748 is provided for gaining access to the
compartment 718.
[0126] Another advantageous feature of the system 710 that is shown
in FIGS. 26 and 27 is the provision of an electrical generator 762,
shown schematically in FIG. 26, for providing all of the power that
is necessary for operation of the system 710. Generator 762 is
designed to operate by using the combustible fluid that is stored
within storage facility 712. Provision of the generator 762 makes
the unit 710 fully self-sufficient at locations that do not have a
ready source of electrical power.
[0127] It is to be understood, however, that even though numerous
characteristics and advantages of the present invention have been
set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of
the structure and function of the invention, the disclosure is
illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in
matters of shape, size and arrangement of parts within the
principles of the invention to the fall extent indicated by the
broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are
expressed.
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