U.S. patent application number 09/922660 was filed with the patent office on 2002-06-20 for composition and method.
This patent application is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to Wedekind, Karen J., Zicker, Steven Curtis.
Application Number | 20020076470 09/922660 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27399769 |
Filed Date | 2002-06-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020076470 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Zicker, Steven Curtis ; et
al. |
June 20, 2002 |
Composition and method
Abstract
A companion pet diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements
of the pet and further comprising a sufficient amount of an
antioxidant or mixture thereof to inhibit the onset of
deterioration of the mental capacity of said companion pet in its
aged years.
Inventors: |
Zicker, Steven Curtis;
(Lawrence, KS) ; Wedekind, Karen J.; (Meriden,
KS) |
Correspondence
Address: |
COLGATE-PALMOLIVE COMPANY
909 RIVER ROAD
PISCATAWAY
NJ
08855
US
|
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company
|
Family ID: |
27399769 |
Appl. No.: |
09/922660 |
Filed: |
August 6, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60244504 |
Oct 31, 2000 |
|
|
|
60253448 |
Nov 28, 2000 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
426/72 ; 426/73;
514/440; 514/456; 514/474 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K 50/40 20160501;
A23K 20/142 20160501; A23K 20/158 20160501; A23K 20/174 20160501;
A61P 25/28 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
426/72 ; 426/73;
514/440; 514/456; 514/474 |
International
Class: |
A23L 001/30; A61K
031/385 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A companion pet diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements
for an adult pet and further comprising a sufficient amount of an
antioxidant or mixture thereof, to inhibit the onset of
deterioration of the mental capacity of said companion pet in aged
years.
2. The diet in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pet is a
canine.
3. The diet in accordance with claim 2 wherein the canine is 1 to 6
years.
4. The diet in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pet is a
feline.
5. The diet in accordance with claim 4 wherein the feline is 1 to 6
years.
6. The diet in accordance with claim 1 wherein Vitamin E is present
in at least about 100 ppm of the diet.
7. The diet in accordance with claim 6 wherein an antioxidant
selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C, 1-carnitine,
alpha-lipoic acid or mixture thereof is present in the diet.
8. The diet of claim 1 wherein an antioxidant selected from the
group consisting of Vitamin C, 1-carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid or
mixtures thereof is present in the diet.
9. The diet of claim 8 wherein at least about 50 ppm of Vitamin C
are in the diet.
10. The diet of claim 8 wherein at least about 25 ppm of
alpha-lipoic acid are in the diet.
11. The diet of claim 8 wherein at least about 50 ppm of
1-carnitine are present in the diet.
12. A method for inhibiting the onset of deterioration of the
mental capacity of an aged companion pet which comprises feeding
said pet in its adult years a sufficient amount of an antioxidant
or mixture thereof, to accomplish this inhibition.
13. The method in accordance with claim 12 wherein the pet is a
canine.
14. The method in accordance with claim 13 wherein the canine is 1
to 6 years.
15. The method in accordance with claim 12 wherein the pet is a
feline.
16. The method in accordance with claim 15 wherein the feline is at
least 1 to 6 years.
17. The method in accordance with claim 12 wherein Vitamin E is fed
to the pet in at least about 100 ppm as measured by the diet.
18. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein an antioxidant
selected from the group consisting of Vitamin C, 1-carnitine,
alpha-lipoic acid or mixture thereof is fed to the pet.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein an antioxidant selected from the
group consisting of Vitamin C, 1-carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid or
mixtures thereof is fed to the pet.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein at least about 50 ppm of Vitamin
C are in the diet.
21. The method of claim 19 wherein at least about 25 ppm of
alpha-lipoic acid are in the diet.
22. The method of claim 19 wherein at least about 50 ppm of
1-carnitine are present in the diet.
23. A companion pet diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements
of an adult pet and further comprising at least about 100 ppm of
Vitamin E, at least about 50 ppm of Vitamin C, at least about 25
ppm of alpha-lipoic acid and at least about 50 ppm of 1-carnitine
in the diet.
24. The diet in accordance with claim 23 wherein the adult pet is a
canine of 1 to 6 years.
25. The diet in accordance with claim 23 wherein the adult pet is a
feline of 1 to 6 years.
26. A method for increasing the mental capacity of an adult
companion pet, which comprises feeding the pet an amount of an
antioxidant or mixture thereof sufficient to increase the mental
capacity of said pet.
27. A companion pet diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements
of an adult pet and further comprising an amount of an antioxidant
or mixture thereof sufficient to increase the mental capacity of
said pet.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Companion animals such as dogs and cats seem to suffer from
aging problems. Some of these are manifested in commonplace
sayings. One of these is "You can't teach an old dog new tricks".
This saying arises from the observation that as dogs age, their
mental capacity seems to diminish as well as physical abilities.
Mental activities associated with thinking learning and memory seem
to be lessened (Cummings B J, Head E, Ruehl W, Milgram N W, Cotman
C W 1996: The canine as an animal model of aging and dementia;
Neurobiology of aging 17:259-268). Additionally, behavioral change
can be manifested in the aging animals in association with the
changing mental capacity. Many causes have been assigned to this
lessening of capacity.
[0002] These losses in capacity are generally observed in aged
canines and felines. Dogs of seven years or older and felines of
seven years or older are considered aged and can experience this
problem.
[0003] The presence of significant levels of at least one
antioxidant in the diet of an adult companion pet or fed to a pet
outside his diet can inhibit the onset of deterioration of the
mental capacity of the aged companion pet and/or maintain the
mental capacity of the adult companion pet further into the aged
years.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In accordance with the invention, there is a companion pet
diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements of an adult pet and
further comprising a sufficient amount of an antioxidant or mixture
thereof to inhibit the onset of deterioration of the mental
capacity of said companion pet in its aged years.
[0005] A further aspect of the invention is a method for inhibiting
the deterioration of the mental capacity of an aged companion pet,
which comprises feeding said pet in his adult years an antioxidant
or mixture thereof at sufficient levels to accomplish this
inhibition.
[0006] In further accordance with the invention is a companion
adult pet diet meeting ordinary nutritional requirements of an
adult companion pet and further comprising an antioxidant selected
from the group consisting of Vitamin E, vitamin C, alpha-lipoic
acid, 1-carnitine and any mixtures thereof in quantities sufficient
to inhibit the deterioration of the mental capacity of said pet in
its aged years.
[0007] A still further aspect of the invention is a method for
increasing the mental capacity of an aged companion pet, which
comprises feeding the pet in its adult years an amount of an
antioxidant or mixture thereof sufficient to increase the mental
capacity.
[0008] Another aspect of the invention is a method for increasing
the mental capacity of an adult companion pet which comprises
feeding the pet an amount of an antioxidant or mixture thereof
sufficient to increase the mental capacity of said pet.
[0009] In all of these methods, it is desirable to administer the
antioxidant or mixture thereof in the diet of the animal.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The diet fed to the adult companion pet, for example canine
and feline is the standard normal diet fed to an animal of that
age. Below is a typical diet for a canine of 1 to 6 years of
age.
1 TABLE 1 Component Target Protein (% of dry matter) 23 Fat (% of
dry matter) 15 Phosphorous (% of dry matter) 0.6 Sodium (% of dry
matter) 0.3
[0011] Adding significant quantities of an antioxidant or mixture
thereof to the companion adult pet diet can bring about delay of
the onset of demonstrative changes in the behavior, particularly
the deterioration of mental capacity, as specifically shown by
problem-solving capacity, in an aged pet. The term, adult, is
intended to mean, in general, a canine of at least 1 to 6 years and
a feline of at least 1 to 6 years. An aged dog or cat is 7 years
and above.
[0012] The loss of mental capacity for canines and felines has been
observed for a number of years. This loss of mental capacity is
manifested in numerous ways. For a canine, for example, it can be
manifested as disorientation, house soiling, altered sleep-wake
patterns, decreased or altered interaction with humans and other
pets, and inability to learn and concentrate. These conditions can
be manifested in felines as well. Alzheimer's, as exhibited in man,
is not found in canines and felines.
[0013] Many theories have been advanced for this loss in mental
capacity. To date, the inventors are unaware of any dietary course
of action, which inhibits this loss of mental capacity or can
actually bring about a positive change in mental capacity as
measured by an objective parameter in dogs and cats.
[0014] The inventors have succeeded in accomplishing delaying the
onset of this deterioration. By using the diet of their invention
in adult companion pets it can be shown that aged pets mental
capacity can be maintained for a longer period of time. Essentially
the deterioration of mental capacity can be stopped or delayed.
Memory and learning ability can be improved. Overall mental
alertness can be enhanced. Age related cognitive decline could be
slowed. With respect to Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome its progress
can be slowed in aged dogs and clinical signs associated with this
Syndrome can be controlled. Prophylaxis where appropriate and pets
in need of these components are the target group.
[0015] The component in the diet, which accomplishes this is an
antioxidant or mixture thereof. An antioxidant is a material that
quenches a free radical. Examples of such materials include foods
such as Ginkgo Biloba, citrus pulp, grape pomace, tomato pomace,
carrot and spinach, all preferably dried as well as various other
materials such as beta-carotene, selenium, coenzyme Q10
(ubiquinone), lutein, tocotrienols, soy isoflavones,
S-adenosylmethionine, glutathione, taurine, N-acetylcysteine,
Vitamin E, Vitamin C, alpha-lipoic acid, 1-carnitine and the like.
Vitamin E can be administered as a tocopherol or a mixture of
tocopherols and various derivatives thereof such as esters like
vitamin E acetate, succinate, palmitate, and the like. The alpha
form is preferable but beta, gamma and delta forms can be included.
The d form is preferable but racemic mixtures are acceptable. The
forms and derivatives will function in a Vitamin E like activity
after ingestion by the pet. Vitamin C can be administered in this
diet as ascorbic acid and its various derivatives thereof such as
calcium phosphate salts, cholesteryl salt, 2-monophosphate, and the
like which will function in a vitamin C like activity after
ingesting by the pet. They can be in any form such as liquid,
semisolid, solid and heat stable form. Alpha-lipoic acid can be
administered into the diet as alpha lipoic acid or as a lipoate
derivative as in U.S. Pat. No. 5,621,117, racemic mixtures, salts,
esters or amides thereof. L-carnitine can be administered in the
diet and various derivatives of carnitine such as the salts such as
the hydrochloride, fumarate and succinates, as well as acetylated
carnitine, and the like can be used.
[0016] The quantities administered in the diet, all as wt % (dry
matter basis) of the diet, are calculated as the active material,
per se, that is measured as free material. The maximum amounts
employed should not bring about toxicity. At least about 100 ppm or
at least about 150 ppm of Vitamin E can be used. A preferred range
of about 500 to about 1,000 ppm can be employed. Although not
necessary a maximum of about 2000 ppm or about 1500 ppm is
generally not exceeded. With respect to Vitamin C at least about 50
ppm is used, desirably at least about 75 ppm and more desirably at
least about 100 ppm. A nontoxic maximum can be employed. The
quantity of alpha-lipoic acid can vary from at least about 25,
desirably at least about 50 ppm, more desirably about 100 ppm.
Maximum quantities can vary from about 100 ppm to 600 ppm or to an
amount which remains non toxic to the pet. A preferred range is
from about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm. For 1-carnitine about 50 ppm,
desirably about 200 ppm, more desirably about 300 ppm for canines
are a useful minimum. For felines, slightly higher minimums of
1-carnitine can be employed such as about 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 500
ppm. A nontoxic maximum quantity can be employed, for example, less
than about 5,000 ppm. For canines, lower quantities can be
employed, for example, less than about 5,000 ppm. For canines a
preferred range is about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm. For felines a
preferred range is about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm.
[0017] Beta-carotene at about 1- 15 ppm can be employed.
[0018] Selenium at about 0.1 up to about 5 ppm can be employed.
[0019] Lutein at least about 5 ppm can be employed.
[0020] Tocotrienols at least about 25 ppm can be employed.
[0021] Coenzyme Q10 at least about 25 ppm can be employed.
[0022] S-adenosylmethionine at least about 50 ppm can be
employed.
[0023] Taurine at least about 1000 ppm can be employed.
[0024] Soy isoflavones at least about 25 ppm can be used.
[0025] N-acetylcysteine at least about 50 ppm can be used.
[0026] Glutathione at least about 50 ppm can be used.
[0027] Gingko Biloba at least 50 ppm of extract can be used.
[0028] The following are raw ingredients that are high in ORAC
(Oxygen radical absorbing capacity) content. When added to the diet
as 1% inclusions (for a total of 5% substitution for a low ORAC
ingredient such as corn) they increased the ORAC content of the
overall diet and increased the ORAC content of the plasma of the 25
animals which ate the diet containing these components. Preferably,
any ingredient with an ORAC content >25 umole of Trolox
equivalents per gram of dry matter could be used if added at 1%
combination with four other 1% ingredients for a total of 5%
addition to the diet.
[0029] Spinach pomace
[0030] Tomato pomace
[0031] Citrus Pulp
[0032] Grape Pomace
[0033] Carrot granules
[0034] Broccoli
[0035] Green tea
[0036] Ginkgo Biloba
[0037] Corn gluten meal
EXAMPLE 1
[0038] Seventeen adult beagle dogs 2-4 years of age (control n=8,
antioxidant-enriched n=9) were randomly placed into a control or
enriched diet group. The control diet contained 59 ppm Vitamin E
and <32 ppm Vitamin C. The test diet had 900 ppm Vitamin E and
121 ppm Vitamin C, 260 ppm 1-carnitine and 135 ppm alpha lipoic
acid. Approximately 1 month after starting the diet, the first
problem-solving task given to dogs was a landmark discrimination
learning task, which is a test of spatial attention (Milgram et
al., 1999 Milgram, N. W., Adams, B., Callahan, H., Head, E.,
Mackay, B., Thirlwell, C., & Cotman (1999), C. W. Landmark
Discrimination Learning in the Dog. Learning & Memory,
6:54-61).
[0039] Landmark discrimination learning requires subjects to select
a particular object based on proximity to an object. The initial
learning, however, is based on the dogs' ability to learn an object
discrimination task. We have previously found that the effects of
age on discrimination learning depends on task difficulty.
[0040] The adult dogs on the enriched diet made fewer errors than
the adult dogs on the control food when learning the landmark 0
test (control mean=31.1, enriched mean=15.1). The adult dogs
proceeded on to landmark 1 and 2 testing, where the landmark is
moved further away from the positive well. Adult dogs on enriched
diet learned landmark 0-2 with less errors than those on the
control (number of mean errors landmark 0+1+2 control=132.9; number
of mean errors of dogs on enriched diet landmark 0+1+2=87.1).
* * * * *