U.S. patent application number 10/038037 was filed with the patent office on 2002-05-16 for methods of printing phase change ink compositions.
Invention is credited to Jaeger, C. Wayne.
Application Number | 20020058711 10/038037 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24587879 |
Filed Date | 2002-05-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020058711 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Jaeger, C. Wayne |
May 16, 2002 |
Methods of printing phase change ink compositions
Abstract
The invention encompasses a compound having the formula: 1
wherein at least one Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is a
halogen atom and any Of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which
is not a halogen atom is a hydrogen atom; and wherein R comprises
at least two carbon atoms. The invention further encompasses
inclusion of such compound into phase change ink carrier
compositions, as well as printing methods utilizing such
compound.
Inventors: |
Jaeger, C. Wayne;
(Beaverton, OR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
WELLS ST. JOHN P.S.
601 W. FIRST
SUITE 1300
SPOKANE
WA
99201-3828
US
|
Family ID: |
24587879 |
Appl. No.: |
10/038037 |
Filed: |
January 2, 2002 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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10038037 |
Jan 2, 2002 |
|
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09645166 |
Aug 23, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/656 ;
552/243 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C09D 11/34 20130101;
B41M 5/385 20130101; C09B 1/5145 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/656 ;
552/243 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/135; C07C
225/36 |
Claims
1. A compound having the formula 11wherein at least one Q.sub.1,
Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is a halogen atom and any of Q.sub.1,
Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which is not a halogen atom is a
hydrogen atom; and wherein R comprises at least two carbon
atoms.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R comprises from 1 to 50 carbon
atoms.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is a n integer of from 1 to
100.
4. The compound of claim 1 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
5. The compound of claim 1 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3.
6. The compound of claim 1 wherein any one of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2,
Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is a halogen atom and each of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2,
Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which is not a halogen atom is a hydrogen
atom.
7. The compound of claim 6 wherein the halogen atom is bromine.
8. The compound of claim 6 wherein R comprises from 2 to 50 carbon
atoms.
9. The compound of claim 6 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
10. The compound of claim 6 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3.
11. A compound having the formula: 12wherein X and Y are halogen
atoms and can be the same or different from one another, and
wherein R comprises at least two carbon atoms.
12. The compound of claim 11 wherein at least one of the halogen
atoms is bromine.
13. The compound of claim 11 wherein R comprises from 2 to 50
carbon atoms.
14. The compound of claim 11 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
100.
15. The compound of claim 11 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
16. The compound of claim 11 wherein both halogen atoms are
bromine.
17. The compound of claim 16 wherein R comprises from 2 to 50
carbon atoms.
18. The compound of claim 16 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3.
19. The compound of claim 11 having the formula: 13wherein R
comprises (CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of
from 2 to 50.
20. The compound of claim 19, wherein the compound is a colorant
comprised within a phase change ink, the ink configured to be a
solid at temperatures below about 30.degree. C. and to melt at a
temperature above 30.degree. C.
21. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is a colorant
comprised within a phase change ink, wherein any one of Q.sub.1,
Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is a halogen atom and any of Q.sub.1,
Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which is not a halogen atom is a
hydrogen atom.
22. The phase change ink of claim 21 wherein the halogen atom is
bromine.
23. The phase change ink of claim 21 wherein R comprises from 2 to
50 carbon atoms.
24. The phase change ink of claim 21 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
25. The phase change ink of claim 21 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3.
26. The compound of claim 11, wherein the compound is a colorant
comprised within a phase change ink.
27. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein at least one of the
halogen atoms is bromine.
28. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein both of the halogen
atoms are bromine.
29. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein R comprises from 2 to
50 carbon atoms.
30. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
31. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3.
32. The phase change ink of claim 26 wherein the colorant has the
formula: 14wherein R comprises (CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, where n is
an integer of from 1 to 50.
33. A phase change ink comprising a colorant having the formula:
15wherein R comprises at least two carbon atoms; the phase change
ink being configured to be a solid at temperatures below about
30.degree. C. and to melt at a temperature above 30.degree. C.
34. The phase change ink of claim 33 wherein R comprises from 2 to
50 carbon atoms.
35. The phase change ink of claim 33 wherein R comprises 4 carbon
atoms.
36. The phase change ink of claim 33 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
100.
37. The phase change ink of claim 33 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3, 5, 11 or 13.
38. A method of printing, comprising: melting a phase change ink
comprising a colorant having the formula: 16wherein at least one
Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is a halogen atom and any of
Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which is not a halogen atom
is a hydrogen atom; and wherein R comprises at least two carbon
atoms; applying the melted ink to a substrate; and cooling the
melted ink on the substrate to form at least a portion of a visible
image on the substrate.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein the halogen atom is bromine.
40. The method of claim 38 wherein R comprises from 2 to 50 carbon
atoms.
41. The method of claim 38 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3, 5, 11 or 13.
43. The method of claim 38, wherein any two of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2,
Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 are halogen atoms and the two of Q.sub.1,
Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 which are not halogen atoms are
hydrogen atoms and, wherein the two halogen atoms can be the same
or different than one another, and wherein R comprises at least two
carbon atoms.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein at least one of the halogen
atoms is bromine.
45. The method of claim 43 wherein both of halogen atoms are
bromine.
46. The method of claim 43 wherein R comprises from 2 to 50 carbon
atoms.
47. The method of claim 43 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is an integer of from 1 to
50.
48. The method of claim 43 wherein R comprises
(CH.sub.2).sub.nCH.sub.3, and wherein n is 3, 5, 11 or 13.
49. The method of claim 43 wherein the colorant has the formula:
17and wherein R comprises from 2 to 50 carbon atoms.
50. The method of claim 43 wherein the colorant has the formula:
18and wherein R comprises 4 carbon atoms.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention relates to new compositions of matter which
can be utilized as colorant compounds. In particular applications,
the invention pertains to phase change ink formulations. In other
particular applications, the invention pertains to methods of
printing.
[0003] 2. Description of Relevant Art
[0004] The present invention encompasses new colorant compounds and
methodology for incorporating such compounds into phase change
inks. Phase change inks are compositions which are in a solid phase
at ambient temperature, but which exist in a liquid phase at an
elevated operating temperature of an ink jet printing device. At
the jet operating temperature, droplets of liquid ink are ejected
from the printing device. When the ink droplets contact the surface
of a printing media, they solidify to form a printed pattern. Phase
change ink methodology is described generally in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,889,560; 5,372,852 and 5,827,918.
[0005] Phase change inks generally comprise a waxy organic compound
(typically a tetra-amide material), a tackifier, and a viscosity
modifying agent as primary components. An exemplary viscosity
modifying agent is stearylstearamide, which can be provided to a
concentration of less than or equal to about 60% (by weight). An
exemplary tackifier is KE-100 Resin, an ester of tetrahydroabietic
acid and glycerol, which is available from Arakawa Chemical
Industries Ltd. Tackifiers are typically provided to a
concentration of less than or equal to about 30% (by weight).
Exemplary tetra-amide compounds can be formed by reacting ethylene
diamine with a dimer acid and an appropriate fatty acid.
[0006] In addition to the above-described primary components, phase
change inks can comprise a number of secondary components, such as,
for example, colorants (for example, dyes), plasticizers, and
antioxidants, as described in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,889,560 and 5,372,852.
[0007] A definition which will be adopted in this disclosure and
the claims that follow will be to refer to a phase change ink
composition as comprising a colorant and a carrier. The term
"carrier" is to be understood to comprise everything in the phase
change ink composition besides the colorant. In phase change ink
compositions comprising more than one colorant, the carrier will
include everything except a particular colorant of interest, and
can, therefore, comprise colorants other than that which is of
interest.
[0008] A difficulty associated with phase change inks can be in
solubilizing colorants. The colorants generally comprise polar
functional groups, and accordingly are insoluble in an organic
carrier of a phase change ink composition. Accordingly, it is
desirable to develop new colorants having improved solubility in
phase change ink carrier compositions.
[0009] An exemplary prior art colorant compound is C.I. Solvent Red
172, which is shown below as formula 1. 2
[0010] Such colorant manifests a magenta color that could be useful
in phase change inks. However, C.I. Solvent Red 172 has less than
satisfactory solubility in present phase change ink carrier
compositions. Accordingly, it would be desirable to form a
composition having chromophoric properties similar to C.I. Solvent
Red 172, but with improved solubility in phase change ink carrier
compositions.
SUMMARY
[0011] In one aspect, the invention encompasses compounds having
the formula 2: 3
[0012] wherein at least one Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4
is a halogen atom and any of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4
which is not a halogen atom is a hydrogen atom; and wherein R
comprises at least two carbon atoms. The invention further
encompasses inclusion of such compounds into phase change ink
carrier compositions, as well as printing methods utilizing such
compounds.
[0013] In another aspect, the invention encompasses compounds
having the formula 3: 4
[0014] wherein X and Y are halogen atoms and can be the same or
different than one another, and wherein R comprises at least two
carbon atoms. The invention further comprises inclusion of such
compounds in phase change ink compositions, and printing methods
utilizing such compounds.
[0015] In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses compounds
having the formula 4: 5
[0016] wherein X is a halogen atom, and wherein R comprises at
least two carbon atoms. The invention further encompasses inclusion
of such compounds into phase change ink carrier compositions, as
well as printing methods utilizing such compounds.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0017] The FIGURE shows a generalized reaction scheme for forming a
compound encompassed by the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] Colorants encompassed by embodiments of the present
invention are represented generally as compounds having a formula
2: 6
[0019] where at least one of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4
is a halogen atom and any of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4
which is not a halogen atom, is a hydrogen atom. The R group of
compounds having formula 2 comprises at least two carbon atoms.
[0020] Advantageously, a colorant encompassed by general formula 2
is more specifically described as compounds having formula 3: 7
[0021] Such colorant comprises an aromatic hexagonal ring (shown as
a hexagonal ring with a circle in the middle) bonded to a nitrogen,
which in turn is bonded to a 3-ring structure (specifically, an
anthraquinone derivative). Compounds of formula 3 further comprise
a carbon-containing group R which is bonded to the aromatic
hexagonal ring in a para position relative to the nitrogen atom.
Such R groups comprise at least two carbon atoms and in some
embodiments comprise from 2 to about 100 carbon atoms. In some
advantageous embodiments compounds of formula 3 comprise from 2 to
about 50 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments comprise from about
4 to about 20 carbon atoms. Further, the R group of compounds of
formula 3 are generally an aliphatic chain, and accordingly can
comprise (CH.sub.2).sub.n(CH.sub.3) wherein n is an integer of from
1 to about 100 and generally is an integer of from 1 to about 50.
Advantageously, it is found that wherein n is an integer of from
about 4 to about 20, the length of such an aliphatic chain is
sufficiently long to render the colorant soluble in a phase change
ink carrier while not substantially increasing a melting
temperature of a resulting phase change ink composition where the
colorant is present in a large concentration.
[0022] Referring still to compounds of formula 3, such comprise a
pair of halogen atoms X and Y which are bonded to the aromatic
hexagonal ring in either ortho or meta positions relative to the
nitrogen atom. The symbolism utilized in showing the structure of
compounds in accordance with formula 3, depicts bonds from atoms X
and Y extending into the circular ring in the center of the
aromatic hexagonal ring. Such extension of bonds from X and Y into
the circular ring is utilized to indicate that atoms X and Y can be
bonded either meta or ortho relative to the nitrogen bond
position.
[0023] Atoms X and Y can be the same or different than one another,
and can be any of the halogen atoms F, Cl, Br or I. In some
advantageous embodiments, at least one of X and Y is bromine. In
some advantageous embodiments, both of X and Y are bromine and such
compounds can be represented, as shown below, by formula 4. 8
[0024] Further, if both of the bromine atoms are bonded to the
aromatic hexagonal ring in ortho positions relative to the nitrogen
atom, compounds of formula 4 will have the structure shown below as
formula 5. 9
[0025] Compounds in accordance with formula 5 have a magenta color
essentially identical to that of C.I. Solvent Red 172. C.I. Solvent
Red 172 (compound 1) is not encompassed by formula 5, as the R
group of compounds that are encompassed by formula 5 comprise a
carbon chain that is longer than the methyl group of compound
1.
[0026] While C.I. Solvent Red 172 has previously been utilized in
the formulation of phase change inks, its solubility or usable
concentration is limited in such formulations. Further, phase
change ink formulations containing Solvent Red 172 suffer from a
tendency for the magenta dye to crystallize when formed as a solid
ink of a printed image. This tendency is exacerbated by fingerprint
oils and is seen as a change within the printed image from a bright
magenta color to dull purple blotches.
[0027] In some particular embodiments of the present invention, it
is recognized that it is desirable to create compounds with
aliphatic chains that improve the compatibility of the dye with ink
base materials as well as reducing the melting point. In addition,
such improvements reduce the tendency of the dye to crystallize
when formed as a printed image. Also, it will be recognized that
substitution of halogen atoms other than bromine for atoms X and Y
of compounds in accordance with formulas 3-5 will likely result in
compounds having colors other than magenta. Additionally, it is
recognized that compounds similar to those of formula 5, but
lacking at least one of the atoms X and Y, will also have different
colors. Such compounds are shown below as compounds in accordance
with formulas 6 and 7. 10
[0028] In such compounds, the group R is the same as the group R
discussed for compounds of formula 3. For formula 6, X is a halogen
atom which can be positioned in the aromatic hexagonal ring either
ortho or meta relative to the nitrogen atom. Compounds in
accordance with formula 7 generally have a bluish-violet color.
[0029] A method of making a colorant of the present invention is
described with reference to the FIGURE. An aniline derivative 10,
with an appropriate R group, is combined with an anthraquinone
derivative 15, resulting in the release of water and formation of a
compound 20, in accordance with formula 7. Compound 20 is then
subjected to bromination to form compound 30, which is in
accordance with formula 5. As will be recognized by persons of
ordinary skill in the art, the reaction sequence described in the
FIGURE can be modified to make any compound in accordance with
formulas 2-7. Each of such compounds having an appropriate R group
derived from the aniline derivative 10. For example, useful
compounds in accordance with formulas 2-7 have been made where R is
butyl, hexyl, dodecyl and tetradecyl.
[0030] The reactions utilized in the scheme of the FIGURE are
applications of well understood reaction chemistries. Such reaction
chemistries being described in, for example, Chapter 4 of "The
Chemistry and Application of Dyes", which is edited by David R.
Waring, and Geoffrey Hallas, and published by Plenum Press (1990)
of New York, N.Y. Thus while a variety of analogs of C.I.
[0031] Solvent Red 172 have been prepared, it will be understood
that an exemplary preparation of the n-butyl analog of C.I. Solvent
Red 172, is sufficient to illustrate the synthetic scheme of the
FIGURE. Such an exemplary preparation is presented in Examples 1
and 2, below.
EXAMPLE 1
Synthesis of C.I. Solvent Violet 13, n-butyl Analog
[0032] To a 500 mL 3-necked round-bottom flask with reflux
condenser, stirring and thermometer, 10.5 g of quinizarin.sup.1,
6.5 g of leucoquinizarin.sup.2, about 4 g of 25 boric acid, 10.5 g
of 4-butylaniline.sup.3 and about 200 mL of isopropyl alcohol were
added. Stirring was initiated and the reaction heated to reflux
temperature and maintained at reflux for about 20 hr. While the
stirring was continued, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to
room temperature where upon about 200 mL of water was added with
continued stirring. After about 30 min, a solid was recovered by
filtration. The recovered solid was washed with copious amounts of
water and subsequently triturated in 5% NaOH, filtered and the
solids washed with water until the filtrate was colorless. .sup.1
Quinizarin--available from Aceto Corporation of Lake Success, N.Y.
.sup.2 Leucoquinizarin--available from Aldrich Chemicals of
Milwaukee, Wis. .sup.3 4-Butylaniline--available from Aldrich
Chemicals of Milwaukee, Wis.
EXAMPLE 2
Synthesis of C.I. Solvent Red 172, n-butyl Analog (Bromination of
C.I. Solvent Violet 13, n-butyl Analog)
[0033] To a 1 L 3-necked round-bottom flask with reflux condenser,
stirring, thermometer and constant pressure addition-funnel, about
50 g of the purified product of Example 1, and 500 g of glacial
acetic acid.sup.4 were added. Stirring was started and the reaction
mixture heated to 50.degree. C. Once the reaction mixture reached
50.degree. C., drop-wise addition of 43.1 g of bromine.sup.5 was
started. The addition rate of the bromine was adjusted as needed to
maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture at 50.degree. C.
The reaction mixture was heated with stirring for an additional 6
hours and then cooled to room temperature. A solid product was
collected by filtration and recrystallized from first glacial
acetic acid and then 50/50 toluene/acetic acid until pure. .sup.4
Glacial Acetic Acid--available from Aldrich Chemicals of Milwaukee,
Wis. .sup.5 Bromine--available from Aldrich Chemicals of Milwaukee,
Wis.
[0034] It will be realized that the synthesis of a colorant, in
accordance with embodiments of the present invention, presented in
Examples 1 and 2 is for illustrative purposes. Thus any other
colorant encompassed by formulas 2-7 as can be made by the
illustrative synthetic process or any other known synthetic process
is within the scope and spirit of the present invention. For
example, where 4-n-dodecyl-aniline is substituted for the 4-n-butyl
aniline of Example 1, the n-dodecyl analog of C.I. Solvent Violet
13 is obtained and such is a colorant encompassed by formulas 2-7.
Methods for forming other halogenated C.I. Solvent Violet 13
analogs are known. Thus colorants formed by these alternate methods
will also be realized to be within the scope and spirit of the
present invention.
[0035] Once synthesized, the colorant compounds in accordance with
the present invention, described above with reference to formulas
2-7, are incorporated into phase change inks. Specifically, such
colorant compositions are combined with phase change ink carrier
compositions to form such phase change inks. The phase change inks
are advantageously formed such that the inks are solid at room
temperature, and more specifically are solid at temperatures below
about 30.degree. C. Further, such phase change inks are
advantageously formulated to melt at a temperature above 30.degree.
C. (typically much higher than 30.degree. C.) so that the inks can
be jetted through a printhead and onto a substrate. For example, an
exemplary operating temperature of a printhead utilizing a phase
change ink is about 140.degree. C. Accordingly, it is advantageous
to have a phase change ink composition that has a melting
temperature of at or below 140.degree. C. However, it will be
realized that other phase transition temperatures may be
advantageous and that any such other range is within the scope and
spirit of the present invention, For example, where a printhead has
an exemplary operating temperature of 160.degree. C., an ink
composition having a melting temperature at or below 160.degree. C.
is advantageously encompassed by embodiments of the present
invention. Example 3 is illustrative of one such advantageous
formulation.
EXAMPLE 3
Magenta Ink Formulation
[0036] To a stainless steel beaker, 4265 g of Kemamide S180.sup.6,
940.8 g of KE 100.sup.7, 2645.7 g of tetraamide.sup.8, 305 g of
Santicizer 278.sup.9 and 16.0 g of antioxidant N-445.sup.10 were
added. The beaker was placed in an oven maintained at a temperature
of about 135.degree. C. and the materials were melted. The beaker
was then transferred to a temperature controlled mantel, also
maintained at a temperature of about 135.degree. C., and blended by
stirring for approximately 30 min. To the blended mixture, 40.0 g
of DDBSA.sup.11, 67.2 g of the purified product of Example 2 and
16.0 g of C.I. Solvent Red 49.sup.12 were added and the mixture was
stirred for an additional 2 hr. The mixture was filtered hot using
a Mott.sup.13 apparatus with a Whatman #3 filter at a pressure of
about 5 psi of nitrogen. The filtered phase change ink was poured
into molds and allowed to solidify into ink sticks. The viscosity
of the final ink product was measured using a Bohlin CSR viscometer
at about 140.degree. C. and found to be about 12.9 cPs. In
addition, the ink sticks were used as an ink source for a Tektronix
Phaser Model 340 printer. The ink was found to transfer completely
and provide images of good color, print quality and durability.
.sup.6 Kemamide S180--Stearyl Stearamide available from Witco of
Memphis, Tenn. .sup.7 KE 100 Glycerol ester of hydrogenated abietic
(rosin) acid available from Arakawa Chemical Industries, Ltd. of
Osaka, Japan .sup.8 Tetraamide--Unirez 2970--available from Union
Camp Corp. of Wayne, N.J. .sup.9 Santicizer 278--plasticizer
available from Monsanto Chemical Co. of St. Louis, Mo. .sup.10
Naugard 445--antioxidant available from Uniroyal Chemical Co., Inc.
of Middlebury, Conn. .sup.11 DDBSA--Bio-Soft S100 (Dodecylbenzene
sulfonic acid) .sup.12 SR 49--Neptune Red Base NB 543 LD--Dye
available from BASF Co., Renssalar, N.Y. .sup.13 Mott Corporation,
Farmington, Conn.
[0037] Phase change inks encompassed by the present invention are
utilized in printing applications by melting at least a portion of
a solid ink block to transform such portion to a liquid phase. The
liquid phase ink is jetted through a printhead and applied onto a
substrate. Once on the substrate, the ink cools to form an ink
pattern which defines at least a portion of a visible image on the
substrate.
[0038] It will be realized that embodiments in accordance with the
present invention encompass any of the alternate phase change ink
compositions as can be formulated employing the exemplary method of
Example 3. Thus such alternate phase change ink compositions where
alternate non-colorant materials are combined with at least one
colorant encompassed by formulas 2-7 are within the scope and
spirit of the instant invention as changing such non-colorant
materials is recognized as a design choice. In addition, such
alternate phase change ink compositions encompassing at least one
colorant encompassed by formulas 2-7 and employing one or more
colorant materials other than the exemplary C.I. Solvent Red 49,
are also recognized as being within the scope and spirit of the
instant invention as such alternate colorants are further
recognized as design choices.
[0039] In compliance with the statute, the invention has been
described in language more or less specific as to structural and
methodical features. It is to be understood, however, that the
invention is not limited to the specific features shown and
described, since the means herein disclosed comprise preferred
forms of putting the invention into effect. The invention is,
therefore, claimed in any of its forms or modifications within the
proper scope of the appended claims appropriately interpreted in
accordance with the doctrine of equivalents.
* * * * *