U.S. patent application number 09/892829 was filed with the patent office on 2002-05-09 for color negative film.
Invention is credited to Lunt, Sharon R., Sawyer, John F..
Application Number | 20020055072 09/892829 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24590028 |
Filed Date | 2002-05-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020055072 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Sawyer, John F. ; et
al. |
May 9, 2002 |
Color negative film
Abstract
A multicolor negative image capture film element comprises
multiple silver halide emulsion layers that together exhibit a more
gradually sloped density to exposure relationship than is customary
while providing a combination of improved latitude and desirable
overexposure printing density reduction.
Inventors: |
Sawyer, John F.; (Fairport,
NY) ; Lunt, Sharon R.; (Webster, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Paul A. Leipold
Patent Legal Staff
Eastman Kodak Company
343 State Street
Rochester
NY
14650-2201
US
|
Family ID: |
24590028 |
Appl. No.: |
09/892829 |
Filed: |
June 27, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09892829 |
Jun 27, 2001 |
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09645681 |
Aug 24, 2000 |
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6316174 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
430/440 ;
430/442; 430/495.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03C 7/24 20130101; G03C
7/3041 20130101; G03C 2200/10 20130101; G03C 3/00 20130101; G03C
2003/006 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
430/440 ;
430/442; 430/495.1 |
International
Class: |
G03C 005/29; G03C
001/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A color negative silver halide multilayer film exhibiting (a) an
Aged ISO speed of at least 448; (b) a Composite Average Slope (CS)
such that 0.50<CS<0.60; (c) a Slope Ratio (G/B) of at least
0.88; and (d) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL).
2. The element of claim 1 wherein the film is packaged with a
lens.
3. The element of claim 1 wherein the film also contains a magnetic
layer.
4. The element of claim 2 wherein the film also contains a magnetic
layer.
5. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 1 comprising contacting the element with a para
phenylenediamine developer.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the developer is
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethy- l-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
7. The process of claim 5 comprising the additional subsequent step
of scanning the element and then optically or digitally printing
the image.
8. The process of claim 7 wherein the subsequent step comprises
optical printing.
9. The process of claim 7 wherein the subsequent step comprises
digital printing.
10. The process of claim 7 where in information derived from the
scan is used to control the printer.
11. The process of claim 7 wherein information derived from the
scan is digitally manipulated and then digitally printed or
displayed.
12. A color negative silver halide multilayer film exhibiting (a)
an Aged ISO speed of at least 448; (b) a Green Average Slope (GS)
such that 0.50<GS<0.60; (c) a Slope Ratio (G/B) of at least
0.88; and (d) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL).
13. A color negative film exhibiting (a) an Aged ISO speed of at
least 448; (b) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); (c) a Slope
Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and (d) a Status M Composite density
(D.sub.c), at 2.01 log H above the log H value at which the
composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, of not more than 1.35.
14. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 13 comprising contacting the element with
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
15. The process of claim 14 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically printing the
image.
16. The process of claim 14 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then digitally printing the
image.
17. A color negative film according to claim 13 wherein the Status
M Composite density (D.sub.c), at 2.01 log H above the log H value
at which the composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, is not more than
1.33.
18. A color negative film according to claim 13 wherein the Status
M Composite density (D.sub.c), at 2.01 log H above the log H value
at which the composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, is not more than
1.3 1.
19. A color negative film exhibiting (a) an Aged ISO speed of at
least 448; (b) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); (c) a Slope
Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and (d) a Status M green density
(D.sub.g), at 2.01 log H above the log H value at which the green
density is 0.15 above Dmin, of not more than 1.34.
20. A color negative film according to claim 19 wherein the Status
M Green density (D.sub.g), at 2.01 log H above the log H value at
which the composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, is not more than
1.32.
21. A color negative film according to claim 19 wherein the Status
M Composite density (D.sub.g), at 2.01 log H above the log H value
at which the composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, is not more than
1.30.
22. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed or Exposure Index (EI); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed at
least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Composite density
(D.sub.c), at a log H corresponding to 1.2 log H more exposed than
that for an 18% gray card exposed as necessary for the designated
speed, of not more than the value given by equation (I).
D.sub.c=1.347+0.605(log H.sub.Aged-log H.sub.Designated) I
23. The element of claim 22 wherein the exhibited Aged ISO speed is
at least 19% greater than that designated.
24. The element of claim 22 wherein the exhibited Aged ISO speed is
at least 26% greater than that designated.
25. The element of claim 22 wherein D.sub.c is not more than the
value given by the equation: D.sub.c=1.326+0.596(log H.sub.Aged-log
H.sub.Designated).
26. The element of claim 22 wherein D.sub.c is not more than the
value given by the equation: D.sub.c=1.306+0.586(log H.sub.Aged-log
H.sub.Designated).
27. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed or Exposure Index (EI); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed at
least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Status M green
density (Dg), at a log H corresponding to 1.2 log H more exposed
than that for an 18% gray card exposed as necessary for the
designated speed, of not more than the value given by equation
(II). D.sub.g=1.340+0.591(log HdAged-log H.sub.designated) II
28. The element of claim 27 wherein the exhibited Aged ISO speed is
at least 19% greater than that designated.
29. The element of claim 27 wherein the exhibited Aged ISO speed is
at least 26% greater than that designated.
30. The element of claim 27 wherein Dg is not more than the value
given by the equation: D.sub.g=1.319+0.582(log H.sub.Aged-log
H.sub.Designated).
31. The element of claim 27 wherein Dg is not more than the value
given by the equation: D.sub.g=1.300+0.573(log H.sub.Aged-log
H.sub.Designated).
32. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed or Exposure Index (EI) of 400 or higher; (b) exhibiting an
Aged ISO speed of at least 12% greater than that designated; and
(c) exhibiting Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL).
33. The element of claim 32 wherein the film is packaged with a
lens.
34. The element of claim 32 wherein the film also contains a
magnetic layer.
35. The element of claim 33 wherein the film also contains a
magnetic layer.
36. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 32 comprising contacting the element with
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
37. The process of claim 36 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically printing the
image.
38. The process of claim 36 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then digitally printing the
image.
39. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed of 400 or higher; (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed of at
least 12% greater than that designated; and (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL).
40. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 39 comprising contacting the element with
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
41. The process of claim 40 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically printing the
image.
42. The process of claim 40 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then digitally printing the
image.
43. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed of 400 or higher; and (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed of at
least 12% greater than that designated.
44. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 43 comprising contacting the element with
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
45. The process of claim 44 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically printing the
image.
46. The process of claim 44 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then digitally printing the
image.
47. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed or Exposure Index (EI); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed at
least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Composite Average
Slope (CS) such that 0.50<CS<0.60.
48. The element of claim 47 wherein the film is packaged with a
lens.
49. The element of claim 47 wherein the film also contains a
magnetic layer.
50. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 47 comprising contacting the element with a para
phenylenediamine developer.
51. The process of claim 50 wherein the developer is
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
52. The process of claim 50 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically or digitally
printing the image.
53. The process of claim 52 wherein the subsequent step comprises
optical printing.
54. The process of claim 52 wherein the subsequent step comprises
digital printing.
55. The process of claim 52 wherein information derived from the
scan is used to control the printer.
56. The process of claim 52 wherein information derived from the
scan is digitally manipulated and then digitally printed or
displayed.
57. A packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated
ISO-speed or Exposure Index (EI); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed
at least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Green Average
Slope (GS) such that 0.50<GS<0.60.
58. A process for forming an image after imagewise exposure of the
element of claim 57 comprising contacting the element with
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline sulfate.
59. The process of claim 58 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then optically printing the
image.
60. The process of claim 58 comprising the additional subsequent
step of scanning the element and then digitally printing the image.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to a color negative film having an
aged ISO speed of at least 448 and containing labeling and/or
exhibiting characteristic features that enable improved
underexposure latitude and overexposure printing density and a
method of imaging therewith.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Definitions
[0003] The following definitions apply to the subsequent
discussion:
[0004] "Aged ISO Speed" means an ISO speed value determined after
storage of the film at 22.degree. C., 50% RH and a radiation of
35mR for a period of 6 months after manufacture with 1 week latent
imaging keeping.
[0005] "Average Slope" means the value obtained by measuring the
slope of the line connecting the densities at 1.41 and at 0.81 log
H above the ISO speed point on a Status M density plot.
[0006] "Composite" means, with respect to slope or density of a
characteristic curve, that Status M measurement protocol is used to
obtain a characteristic curve for each of the three color records,
and the slope or density value is then composited by summing 40% of
the red value, 40% of the green value, and 20% of the blue value to
yield a composite slope (CS) or density (CD).
[0007] "Designated" means information provided in human or
non-human readable forms and includes a DX code. The information
may be provided anywhere in or on the package including without
limitation on the wrapping, container, cassette, film, or
co-packaged camera.
[0008] "Exposure Index" (El) means an exposure scale other than ISO
speed used to designate the speed of a film.
[0009] "Extended Overexposure Latitude" (EOL) means that the slope
of each of the three records at 2.45 log H above the ISO speed
point is at least 75% of the Average Slope (AS) for that
record.
[0010] "Slope Ratio (G/B)" means the ratio of the Average Slope of
the green record divided by the Average Slope of the blue
record.
[0011] "ISO speed" means the speed determined in accordance with
ANSI PH2.27-1988, corresponding to the log H exposure value at a
density of 0.15 above Dmin on a Status M density plot.
[0012] "log H.sub.aged" means the log H exposure value
corresponding to the Aged ISO speed.
[0013] "log H.sub.designated" means the log H exposure value
corresponding to the designated speed of the film.
[0014] "Overexposure Printing Density" means the density resulting
from an 18% gray card that is over-exposed by 4 stops (1.2 log H).
A normally exposed gray card is considered to be exposed at 0.81
log H above the ISO speed point density above Dmin) for a film
whose Aged ISO Speed exactly equals the designated speed. Thus, a
four stop overexposed gray card would be exposed at 2.01 log H
above the ISO speed point. For films whose actual speed does not
equal the designated speed, the log H exposure for a gray card is
defined as:
log H.sub.gray=log (9.07/H.sub.designated).
[0015] The 4 over exposure point is 1.2 log H more exposed than
this value.
BACKGROUND
[0016] The quality of many photograph images can be improved by
using a film that has a high speed, or high sensitivity to light.
Such films are able to capture image details under much lower light
conditions than the corresponding lower speed films. For instance,
an ISO 400 speed film is preferred over an ISO 200 speed film. A
400 speed film nominally requires half the exposure required of a
200 speed film in order to obtain the same details. Often times the
image is in motion and thus one cannot control the exposure by
simply increasing the exposure time. Thus, one reason to choose a
high-speed film is to have increased underexposure latitude.
[0017] One approach to providing more speed for the consumer is to
design a film whose speed is greater than the speed encoded in the
cartridge DX code and/or the speed stated on the film packaging.
For instance, one might design a film whose speed measures ISO 500
but encode and market it as an El 400 speed film. This will provide
an extra 0.10 log E of underexposure latitude. However, there is a
disadvantage to having a film whose speed is faster than the DX
code and/or the stated speed. The increase in film speed will cause
all exposures to be increased. This, in turn, will result in an
increase in the density of the negative. Increased density results
in an increase in printing time, a very undesirable disadvantage.
In addition, due to effects of paper reciprocity, and transmission
of unwanted wavelengths through the exposing filters, increased
printing time can lead to errors in printing color and density.
Furthermore, whether an image is initially scanned for processing
through an optical or digital printing system, there is an increase
in scanning noise with more dense negatives, another very
undesirable disadvantage.
[0018] For an example of the effects on printing time, an increase
in speed of 0.10 log H for a film with a conventional film gamma of
0.63 will result in an increase of 0.063 printing density. Such an
increase in printing density is equivalent to an increase of 16% in
printing time. This is an unacceptable increase in printing time
for photofinishing laboratories. Moreover, the increase in printing
time is particularly disadvantageous for negatives that are
over-exposed. For example, for an ISO 400 speed film, some cameras
will produce an exposure that is 1.2 log H (4 stops) overexposed in
sunny lighting conditions. These negatives would normally require a
lengthy printing time because of their high density. A further 16%
increase in the already lengthy printing time is even more
undesirable. Recognizing that overexposure is increasingly likely
as one moves up the speed scale, the increased overexposure
printing problem becomes more and more of a problem as speed is
increased. An increase in printing density at the above described
exposure point is thus considered to be an undesired consequence of
using a film that is more sensitive to light than is indicated by
the stated speed.
[0019] It is desirable to find a means to reduce the printing
density disadvantage that results from providing increased film
speed. One solution is to reduce the minimum densities of the
negative. However, the minimum density is limited by support
density, emulsion fog, retained spectral sensitizer dyes, masking
couplers, and filter dyes. In a well-designed film the minimum
densities have already been reduced as much as practical.
[0020] U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,871 discloses a preloaded camera having
a lens with a focal length not more than 23 mm and a film element
with a close to linear characteristic curve over a specified
exposure range to improve manual printability in a photofinishing
laboratory. However, the green and blue color records do not
exhibit a desired level of parallelism necessary to maintain the
same printing density neutral balance over a wide exposure
range.
[0021] It is a problem to be solved to provide a high speed
photographic film that enables improved underexposure latitude and
desirable overexposure printing density.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0022] A multicolor negative image capture film element comprises
multiple silver halide emulsion layers that together exhibit a more
gradually sloped density to exposure relationship than is
customary. The invention also provides a method of forming an image
in the element of the invention and a method of printing an image
from such an element using optical or digital printing.
[0023] The invention provides a combination of improved under
exposure latitude and desirable overexposure printing density
reduction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The present invention depends on the proper selection of
materials available for combination into a silver halide image
capture multicolor photographic element. The materials are suitable
for meeting the desired density relationships vs exposure.
Heretofore it had not been known to employ higher speed films
having speed in excess of the designated value, especially those
with broad latitude and, in particular, overexposure latitude. Such
films have now been found to be advantageous.
[0025] There are various means available to obtain the imaging
parameters of the invention. One can obtain a desired contrast or
other characteristic curve feature, for example, by selecting the
species (more or less active) and total and relative amounts of
components such as inhibitors, silver and couplers. Other compounds
can also have an effect such as scavengers and compounds that
influence the behavior of specific emulsions.
[0026] In one form, an embodiment of the invention provides a
packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO speed
or Exposure Index (El) of 400 or higher; (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO
speed of at least 12% greater than that designated; and (c)
exhibiting Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL). In a further
embodiment, it provides a packaged color negative film (a)
containing a designated ISO speed of 400 or higher; and (b)
exhibiting an Aged ISO speed of at least 12% greater than that
designated; and in a third embodiment additionally exhibits (c)
Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL).
[0027] In another form of the invention, an embodiment provides a
packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO speed
or Exposure Index (El); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed at least
12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Composite Average
Slope (CS) such that 0.50<CS<0.60. In another embodiment, the
invention provides a packaged color negative film (a) containing a
designated ISO speed or Exposure Index (EI); (b) exhibiting an Aged
ISO speed at least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting
Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Green
Average Slope (GS) such that 0.50<GS<0.60.
[0028] packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated ISO
speed or Exposure Index (El); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed at
least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting Extended
Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Status M
Composite density (D.sub.c), at a log H corresponding to 1.2 log H
more exposed than that for an 18% gray card, of not more than the
value given by equation (I).
D.sub.c=1.347+0.605(log H.sub.Aged-log H.sub.Designated) I
[0029] In a narrower form of the invention and a still narrower
form of the invention, the formula may be represented by:
D=1.326+0.596(log H.sub.Aged-logH.sub.Designated)
[0030] or
D.sub.c=1.306+0.586(log H.sub.Aged-lOg H.sub.Designated).
[0031] Expressed in terms of the green record, an embodiment
provides a packaged color negative film (a) containing a designated
ISO speed or Exposure Index (El); (b) exhibiting an Aged ISO speed
or EI at least 12% greater than that designated; (c) exhibiting
Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and (d) exhibiting a Status M
green density (D.sub.g), at a log H corresponding to 1.2 log H more
exposed than that for an 18% gray card, of not more than the value
given by equation (II).
D.sub.g=1.340+0.591(log H.sub.Aged-log H.sub.designated) II
[0032] In a narrower form of the invention and a still narrower
form of the invention, the formula may be represented by:
D.sub.g=1.319+0.582(log H.sub.Aged-lOg H.sub.Designated)
D.sub.g=1.300+0.573(log H.sub.Aged-lOg H.sub.Designated).
[0033] In a further form, the invention provides color negative
silver halide multilayer film embodiment exhibiting (a) an Aged ISO
speed of at least 448; (b) a Composite Average Slope (CS) such that
0.50<CS<0.60; (c) a Slope Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and
(d) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); and, in terms of the
green record, a color negative silver halide multilayer film
embodiment exhibiting (a) an Aged ISO speed of at least 448; (b) a
Green Average Slope (GS) such that 0.50<GS<0.60; (c) a Slope
Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and (d) Extended Overexposure
Latitude (EOL).
[0034] Finally, a still further form of the invention provides a
color negative film embodiment exhibiting (a) an Aged ISO speed of
at least 448; (b) Extended Overexposure Latitude (EOL); (c) a Slope
Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and (d) a Composite density
(D.sub.c), at 2.01 log H above the log H value at which the
composite density is 0.15 above Dmin, of not more than 1.35, or, in
terms of the green record, a color negative film exhibiting (a) an
Aged ISO speed of at least 448; (b) Extended Overexposure Latitude
(EOL); (c) a Slope Ratio (G/B) of at least 0.88; and (d) a Status M
green density (D.sub.g), at 2.01 log H above the log H value at
which the green density is 0.15 above Dmin, of not more than
1.34.
[0035] In narrower and still narrower equations, (D.sub.c), at 2.01
log H above the log H value at which the composite density is 0.15
above Dmin, is not more than 1.33 or 1.31, respectively. In terms
of the green density, the value is not more than 1.32 or 1.30,
respectively.
[0036] The invention also provides a method of forming an image in
any of the foregoing elements comprising contacting the element
with a color developer and a method of printing an image from such
an element using optical or scan digital printing.
[0037] In addition to improved underexposure latitude and improved
density at four stops overexposure, embodiments of the invention
provide a good neutral balance and corresponding color accuracy as
a function of exposure. They also provide a decrease in scanning
noise and in printing color and density errors for overexposed
negatives in optical or digital printing systems and for an
improvement in overall exposure latitude.
[0038] The image is formed in the element by exposure to actinic
radiation, as described hereinafter. Printing is accomplished by
either using light to form a print optically or by using a scanner
to read the filn and then print a corresponding positive image
using a marking engine containing a laser, LED, CRT, or other
suitable radiation source.
[0039] The photographic elements of the invention are so-called
color negative elements capable of producing multicolor images.
Such elements contain image dye-forming units sensitive to each of
the three primary regions of the spectrum. Each unit can comprise a
single emulsion layer or multiple emulsion layers sensitive to a
given region of the spectrum. The layers of the element, including
the layers of the image-forming units, can be arranged in various
orders as known in the art.
[0040] A typical multicolor photographic negative element comprises
a support bearing a cyan dye image-forming unit comprised of at
least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having
associated therewith at least one cyan dye-forming coupler, a
magenta dye image-forming unit comprising at least one
green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer having associated
therewith at least one magenta dye-forming coupler, and a yellow
dye image-forming unit comprising at least one blue-sensitive
silver halide emulsion layer having associated therewith at least
one yellow dye-forming coupler. The element can contain additional
layers, such as filter layers, interlayers, overcoat layers, and
subbing layers.
[0041] If desired, the photographic element can be used in
conjunction with an applied magnetic layer as described in Research
Disclosure, November 1992, Item 34390 published by Kenneth Mason
Publications, Ltd., Dudley Annex, 12a North Street, Emsworth,
Hampshire P010 7DQ, ENGLAND, and as described in Hatsumi Kyoukai
Koukai Gihou No. 94-6023, published March 15, 1994, available from
the Japanese Patent Office. When it is desired to employ the
inventive materials in a small format filn, Research Disclosure,
June 1994, Item 36230, provides suitable embodiments. The
photographic element of the invention can be incorporated into
exposure structures intended for repeated use or exposure
structures intended for limited re-use, variously referred to by
names such as "one time or single use cameras", "lens with film",
or "photosensitive material package units".
[0042] The materials useful in the invention can be used in any of
the ways and in any of the combinations known in the art.
Typically, the materials are incorporated in a melt and coated as a
layers described herein on a support to form part of a photographic
element.
[0043] To control the migration of various components, it may be
desirable to include a high molecular weight hydrophobe or
"ballast" group in some of the materials. Representative ballast
groups include substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl groups
containing 8 to 48 carbon atoms.
[0044] In the following discussion of suitable materials for use in
the emulsions and elements of this invention, reference will be
made to Research Disclosure, September 1996, Item 38957, available
as described above, which is referred to herein by the term
"Research Disclosure". The Sections hereinafter referred to are
Sections of the Research Disclosure.
[0045] Except as provided, the silver halide emulsion containing
elements employed in this invention are negative-working and are
processed in the conventional color negative manner as typically
indicated by the processing instructions provided with the element.
Suitable emulsions and their preparation as well as methods of
chemical and spectral sensitization are described in Sections I
through V. Various additives such as UV dyes, brighteners,
antifoggants, stabilizers, light absorbing and scattering
materials, and physical property modifying addenda such as
hardeners, coating aids, plasticizers, lubricants and matting
agents are described, for example, in Sections II and VI through
VIII. Color materials are described in Sections X through XIII.
Suitable methods for incorporating couplers and dyes, including
dispersions in organic solvents, are described in Section X(E).
Scan facilitating is described in Section XIV. Supports, exposure,
development systems, and processing methods and agents are
described in Sections XV to XX. The information contained in the
September 1994 Research Disclosure, Item No. 36544 referenced
above, is updated in the September 1996 Research Disclosure, Item
No. 38957.
[0046] Image dye-forming couplers are included in the element such
as couplers that form cyan dyes upon reaction with oxidized color
developing agents which are described in such representative
patents and publications as: "Farbkuppler-eine Literature
Ubersicht," published in Agfa Mitteilungen, Band III, pp. 156-175
(1961) as well as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,367,531; 2,423,730;
2,474,293; 2,772,162; 2,895,826; 3,002,836; 3,034,892; 3,041,236;
4,333,999; 4,746,602; 4,753,871; 4,770,988; 4,775,616; 4,818,667;
4,818,672; 4,822,729; 4,839,267; 4,840,883; 4,849,328; 4,865,961;
4,873,183; 4,883,746; 4,900,656; 4,904,575; 4,916,051; 4,921,783;
4,923,791; 4,950,585; 4,971,898; 4,990,436; 4,996,139; 5,008,180;
5,015,565; 5,011,765; 5,011,766; 5,017,467; 5,045,442; 5,051,347;
5,061,613; 5,071,737; 5,075,207; 5,091,297; 5,094,938; 5,104,783;
5,178,993; 5,813,729; 5,187,057; 5,192,651; 5,200,305 5,202,224;
5,206,130; 5,208,141; 5,210,011; 5,215,871; 5,223,386; 5,227,287;
5,256,526; 5,258,270; 5,272,051; 5,306,610; 5,326,682; 5,366,856;
5,378,596; 5,380,638; 5,382,502; 5,384,236; 5,397,691; 5,415,990;
5,434,034; 5,441,863; EPO 0 246 616; EPO 0 250 201; EPO 0 271 323;
EPO 0 295 632; EPO 0 307 927; EPO 0 333 185; EPO 0 378 898; EPO 0
389 817; EPO 0 487 111; EPO 0 488 248; EPO 0 539 034; EPO 0 545
300; EPO 0 556 700; EPO 0 556 777; EPO 0 556 858; EPO 0 569 979;
EPO 0 608 133; EPO 0 636 936; EPO 0 651 286; EPO 0 690 344; German
OLS 4,026,903; German OLS 3,624,777. and German OLS 3,823,049.
Typically such couplers are phenols, naphthols, or
pyroloazoles.
[0047] Couplers that form magenta dyes upon reaction with oxidized
color developing agent are described in such representative patents
and publications as: "Farbkuppler-eine Literature Ubersicht,"
published in Agfa Mitteilungen, Band III, pp. 126-156 (1961) as
well as U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,311,082 and 2,369,489; 2,343,701;
2,600,788; 2,908,573; 3,062,653; 3,152,896; 3,519,429; 3,758,309;
3,935,015; 4,540,654; 4,745,052; 4,762,775; 4,791,052; 4,812,576;
4,835,094; 4,840,877; 4,845,022; 4,853,319; 4,868,099; 4,865,960;
4,871,652; 4,876,182; 4,892,805; 4,900,657; 4,910,124; 4,914,013;
4,921,968; 4,929,540; 4,933,465; 4,942,116; 4,942,117; 4,942,118;
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,959,480; 4,968,594; 4,988,614; 4,992,361;
5,002,864; 5,021,325; 5,066,575; 5,068,171; 5,071,739; 5,100,772;
5,110,942; 5,116,990; 5,118,812; 5,134,059; 5,155,016; 5,183,728;
5,234,805; 5,235,058; 5,250,400; 5,254,446; 5,262,292; 5,300,407;
5,302,496; 5,336,593; 5,350,667; 5,395,968; 5,354,826; 5,358,829;
5,368,998; 5,378,587; 5,409,808; 5,411,841; 5,418,123; 5,424,179;
EPO0 257 854; EPO0 284 240; EPO 0 341 204; EPO 347,235; EPO
365,252; EPO 0 422 595; EPO 0 428 899; EPO 0 428 902;EPO0 459
331;EPO0 467 327;EPO0 476 949;EPO0 487 081; EPO 0 489 333; EPO 0
512 304; EPO 0 515 128; EPO 0 534 703; EPO 0 554 778; EPO 0 558
145; EPO 0 571 959; EPO 0 583 832; EPO 0 583 834; EPO 0 584 793;
EPO 0 602 748; EPO 0 602 749; EPO 0 605 918; EPO 0 622 672; EPO 0
622 673; EPO0 629 912; EPO0 646 841, EPO0 656561; EPO0 660 177;
EPO0 686 872; WO 90/10253; WO 92/09010; WO 92/10788; WO 92/12464;
WO 93/01523; WO 93/02392; WO 93/02393; WO 93/07534; UK Application
2,244,053; Japanese Application 03192-350; German OLS 3,624,103;
German OLS 3,912,265; and German OLS 40 08 067. Typically such
couplers are pyrazolones, pyrazoloazoles, or pyrazolobenzimidazoles
that form magenta dyes upon reaction with oxidized color developing
agents.
[0048] Couplers that form yellow dyes upon reaction with oxidized
color developing agent are described in such representative patents
and publications as: "Farbkuppler-eine Literature Ubersicht,"
published in Agfa Mitteilungen; Band III; pp.112-126 (1961); as
well as U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,298,443; 2,407,210; 2,875,057; 3,048,194;
3,265,506; 3,447,928; 4,022,620; 4,443,536; 4,758,501; 4,791,050;
4,824,771; 4,824,773; 4,855,222; 4,978,605; 4,992,360; 4,994,361;
5,021,333; 5,053,325; 5,066,574; 5,066,576; 5,100,773; 5,118,599;
5,143,823; 5,187,055; 5,190,848; 5,213,958; 5,215,877; 5,215,878;
5,217,857; 5,219,716; 5,238,803; 5,283,166; 5,294,531; 5,306,609;
5,328,818; 5,336,591; 5,338,654; 5,358,835; 5,358,838; 5,360,713;
5,362,617; 5,382,506; 5,389,504; 5,399,474;. 5,405,737; 5,411,848;
5,427,898; EPO 0 327 976; EPO 0 296 793; EPO 0 365 282; EPO 0 379
309; EPO 0 415 375; EPO 0 437 818; EPO 0 447 969; EPO 0 542 463;
EPO 0 568 037; EPO 0 568 196; EPO 0 568 777; EPO 0 570 006; EPO 0
573 761; EPO 0 608 956; EPO 0 608 957; and EPO 0 628 865. Such
couplers are typically open chain ketomethylene compounds.
[0049] Couplers that form colorless products upon reaction with
oxidized color developing agent are described in such
representative patents as: UK. 861,138; U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,632,345;
3,928,041; 3,958,993 and 3,961,959. Typically such couplers are
cyclic carbonyl containing compounds that form colorless products
on reaction with an oxidized color developing agent.
[0050] Couplers that form black dyes upon reaction with oxidized
color developing agent are described in such representative patents
as U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,939,231; 2,181,944; 2,333,106; and 4,126,461;
German OLS No. 2,644,194 and German OLS No. 2,650,764. Typically,
such couplers are resorcinols or m-aminophenols that form black or
neutral products on reaction with oxidized color developing
agent.
[0051] In addition to the foregoing, so-called "universal" or
"washout" couplers may be employed. These couplers do not
contribute to image dye-formation. Thus, for example, a naphthol
having an unsubstituted carbamoyl or one substituted with a low
molecular weight substituent at the 2- or 3-position may be
employed. Couplers of this type are described, for example, in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 5,026,628, 5,151,343, and 5,234,800.
[0052] It may be useful to use a combination of couplers any of
which may contain known ballasts or coupling-off groups such as
those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,301,235; U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,319
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,897. The coupler may contain solubilizing
groups such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,629. The coupler
may also be used in association with "wrong" colored couplers (e.g.
to adjust levels of interlayer correction) and, in color negative
applications, with masking couplers such as those described in EP
213.490; Japanese Published Application 58-172,647; U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,983,608; 4,070,191; and 4,273,861; German Applications DE
2,706,117 and DE 2,643,965; UK. Patent 1,530,272; and Japanese
Application 58-113935. The masking couplers may be shifted or
blocked, if desired.
[0053] The invention may be used in association with materials that
release Photographically Useful Groups (PUGS) that accelerate or
otherwise modify the processing steps e.g. of bleaching or fixing
to improve the quality of the image. Bleach accelerator releasing
couplers such as those described in EP 193,389; EP 301,477; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,163,669; U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,956; and U.S. Pat. No.
4,923,784, may be useful. Also contemplated is use in association
with nucleating agents, development accelerators or their
precursors (UK Patent 2,097,140; UK. Patent 2,131,188); electron
transfer agents (U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,578; U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,025);
antifogging and anti color-mixing agents such as derivatives of
hydroquinones, aminophenols, amines, gallic acid; catechol;
ascorbic acid; hydrazides; sulfonamidophenols; and non
color-forming couplers.
[0054] The invention may also be used in combination with filter
dye layers comprising colloidal silver sol or yellow, cyan, and/or
magenta filter dyes, either as oil-in-water dispersions, latex
dispersions or as solid particle dispersions. Additionally, they
may be used with "smearing" couplers (e.g. as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,366,237; EP 96,570; U.S. Pat. No. 4,420,556; and U.S.
Pat. No. 4,543,323.) Also, the materials useful in the invention
may be blocked or coated in protected form as described, for
example, in Japanese Application 61/258,249 or U.S. Pat. No.
5,019,492.
[0055] The invention may further be used in combination with
image-modifying compounds that release PUGS such as "Developer
Inhibitor-Releasing" compounds (DIR's). DIR's useful in conjunction
with the invention are known in the art and examples are described
in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,137,578; 3,148,022; 3,148,062; 3,227,554;
3,384,657; 3,379,529; 3,615,506; 3,617,291; 3,620,746; 3,701,783;
3,733,201; 4,049,455; 4,095,984; 4,126,459; 4,149,886; 4,150,228;
4,211,562; 4,248,962; 4,259,437; 4,362,878; 4,409,323; 4,477,563;
4,782,012; 4,962,018; 4,500,634; 4,579,816; 4,607,004; 4,618,571;
4,678,739; 4,746,600; 4,746,601; 4,791,049; 4,857,447; 4,865,959;
4,880,342; 4,886,736; 4,937,179; 4,946,767; 4,948,716; 4,952,485;
4,956,269; 4,959,299; 4,966,835; 4,985,336 as well as in patent
publications GB 1,560,240; GB 2,007,662; GB 2,032,914; GB
2,099,167; DE 2,842,063, DE 2,937,127; DE 3,636,824; DE 3,644,416
as well as the following European Patent Publications: 272,573;
335,319; 336,411; 346, 899; 362, 870; 365,252; 365,346; 373,382;
376,212; 377,463; 378,236; 384,670; 396,486; 401,612; 401,613.
[0056] Such compounds are also disclosed in
"Developer-Inhibitor-Releasing (DIR) Couplers for Color
Photography," C. R. Barr, J. R. Thirtle and P. W. Vittum in
Photographic Science and Engineering, Vol. 13, p. 174 (1969).
Generally, the developer inhibitor-releasing (DIR) couplers include
a coupler moiety and an inhibitor coupling-off moiety (IN). The
inhibitor-releasing couplers may be of the time-delayed type (DIAR
couplers) which also include a timing moiety or chemical switch
which produces a delayed release of inhibitor. Examples of typical
inhibitor moieties are: oxazoles, thiazoles, diazoles, triazoles,
oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, oxathiazoles, thiatriazoles,
benzotriazoles, tetrazoles, benzimidazoles, indazoles,
isoindazoles, mercaptotetrazoles, selenotetrazoles,
mercaptobenzothiazoles, selenobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzoxazoles,
selenobenzoxazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, selenobenzimidazoles,
benzodiazoles, mercaptooxazoles, mercaptothiadiazoles,
mercaptothiazoles, mercaptotriazoles, mercaptooxadiazoles,
mercaptodiazoles, mercaptooxathiazoles, telleurotetrazoles or
benzisodiazoles. In a preferred embodiment, the inhibitor moiety or
group is selected from the following formulas: 1
[0057] wherein R.sub.I is selected from the group consisting of
straight and branched alkyls of from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms,
benzyl, phenyl, and alkoxy groups and such groups containing none,
one or more than one such substituent; R.sub.II is selected from
R.sup.I and --SR.sub.I; R.sub.III is a straight or branched alkyl
group of from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and m is from 1 to 3; and
RIV is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogens and
alkoxy, phenyl and carbonamido groups, --COOR.sub.V and
--NHCOOR.sub.V wherein R.sub.V is selected from substituted and
unsubstituted alkyl and aryl groups.
[0058] Although it is typical that the coupler moiety included in
the developer inhibitor-releasing coupler forms an image dye
corresponding to the layer in which it is located, it may also form
a different color as one associated with a different film layer. It
may also be useful that the coupler moiety included in the
developer inhibitor-releasing coupler forms colorless products
and/or products that wash out of the photographic material during
processing (so-called "universal" couplers).
[0059] A compound such as a coupler may release a PUG directly upon
reaction of the compound during processing, or indirectly through a
timing or linking group. A timing group produces the time-delayed
release of the PUG such groups using an intramolecular nucleophilic
substitution reaction (U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,962); groups utilizing
an electron transfer reaction along a conjugated system (U.S. Pat.
Nos. 4,409,323; 4,421,845; 4,861,701, Japanese Applications
57-188035; 58-98728; 58-209736; 58-209738); groups that function as
a coupler or reducing agent after the coupler reaction (U.S. Pat.
No. 4,438,193; U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,571) and groups that combine the
features describe above. It is typical that the timing group is of
one of the formulas: 2
[0060] wherein IN is the inhibitor moiety, R.sub.VII is selected
from the group consisting of nitro, cyano, alkylsulfonyl;
sulfamoyl; and sulfonamido groups; a is 0 or 1; and R.sub.VI is
selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted
alkyl and phenyl groups. The oxygen atom of each timing group is
bonded to the coupling-off position of the respective coupler
moiety of the DIAR.
[0061] The timing or linking groups may also function by electron
transfer down an unconjugated chain. Linking groups are known in
the art under various names. Often they have been referred to as
groups capable of utilizing a hemiacetal or iminoketal cleavage
reaction or as groups capable of utilizing a cleavage reaction due
to ester hydrolysis such as U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,073. This electron
transfer down an unconjugated chain typically results in a
relatively fast decomposition and the production of carbon dioxide,
formaldehyde, or other low molecular weight by-products. The groups
are exemplified in EP 464,612, EP 523,451, U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,396,
Japanese Kokai 60-249148 and 60-249149.
[0062] Suitable developer inhibitor-releasing couplers for use in
the present invention include, but are not limited to, the
following: 3
[0063] It is also contemplated that the present invention may be
employed to obtain reflection color prints as described in Research
Disclosure, November 1979, Item 18716, available from Kenneth Mason
Publications, Ltd, Dudley Annex, 12a North Street, Emsworth,
Hampshire P0101 7DQ, England. Materials useful in the invention may
be coated on pH adjusted support as described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,917,994; on a support with reduced oxygen permeability (EP
553,339); with epoxy solvents (EP 164,961); with nickel complex
stabilizers (U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,165; U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,653 and
U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,559 for example); with ballasted chelating
agents such as those in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,359 to reduce
sensitivity to polyvalent cations such as calcium; and with stain
reducing compounds such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,068,171.
Other compounds useful in combination with the invention are
disclosed in Japanese Published Applications described in Derwent
Abstracts having accession numbers as follows: 90-072,629,
90-072,630; 90-072,631; 90-072,632; 90-072,633; 90-072,634;
90-077,822; 90-078,229; 90-078,230; 90-079,336; 90-079,337;
90-079,338; 90-079,690; 90-079,691; 90-080,487; 90-080,488;
90-080,489; 90-080,490; 90-080,491; 90-080,492; 90-080,494;
90-085,928; 90-086,669; 90-086,670; 90-087,360; 90-087,361;
90-087,362; 90-087,363; 90-087,364; 90-088,097; 90-093,662;
90-093,663; 90-093,664; 90-093,665; 90-093,666; 90-093,668;
90-094,055; 90-094,056; 90-103,409; 83-62,586; 83-09,959.
[0064] Conventional radiation-sensitive silver halide emulsions can
be employed in the practice of this invention. Such emulsions are
illustrated by Research Disclosure, Item 38755, September 1996, I.
Emulsion grains and their preparation.
[0065] Especially useful in this invention are tabular grain silver
halide emulsions. Tabular grains are those having two parallel
major crystal faces and having an aspect ratio of at least 2. The
term "aspect ratio" is the ratio of the equivalent circular
diameter (ECD) of a grain major face divided by its thickness (t).
Tabular grain emulsions are those in which the tabular grains
account for at least 50 percent (preferably at least 70 percent and
optimally at least 90 percent) of the total grain projected area.
Preferred tabular grain emulsions are those in which the average
thickness of the tabular grains is less than 0.3 micrometer
preferably thin--that is, less than 0.2 micrometer and most
preferably ultrathin--that is, less than 0.07 micrometer). The
major faces of the tabular grains can lie in either {111 } or {100}
crystal planes. The mean ECD of tabular grain emulsions rarely
exceeds 10 micrometers and more typically is less than 5
micrometers.
[0066] In their most widely used form tabular grain emulsions are
high bromide { 111 } tabular grain emulsions. Such emulsions are
illustrated by Kofron et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,520, Wilgus et al
U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,226, Solberg et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,048,
Maskasky U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,435,501, 4,463,087 and 4,173,320,
Daubendiek et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,414,310 and 4,914,014, Sowinski
et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,122, Piggin et al U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,061,616 and 5,061,609, Tsaur et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,147,771,
'772, '773, 5,171,659 and 5,252,453, Black et al U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,219,720 and 5,334,495, Delton U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,310,644, 5,372,927
and 5,460,934, Wen U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,698, Fenton et al U.S. Pat.
No. 5,476,760, Eshelman et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,612,175 and
5,614,359, and Irving et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,667,954.
[0067] Ultrathin high bromide { 111 } tabular grain emulsions are
illustrated by Daubendiek et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,672,027,
4,693,964, 5,494,789, 5,503,971 and 5,576,168, Antoniades et al
U.S. Pat. No. 5,250,403, Olm et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,970, Deaton
et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,582,965, and Maskasky U.S. Pat No.
5,667,955.
[0068] High bromide {100} tabular grain emulsions are illustrated
by Mignot U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,386,156 and 5,386,156.
[0069] High chloride {111 } tabular grain emulsions are illustrated
by Wey U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,215, Wey et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,306,
Maskasky U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,400,463, 4,713,323, 5,061,617, 5,178,997,
5,183,732, 5,185,239, 5,399,478 and 5,411,852, and Maskasky et al
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,176,992 and 5,178,998. Ultrathin high chloride
{111} tabular grain emulsions are illustrated by Maskasky U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,271,858 and 5,389,509.
[0070] High chloride {100} tabular grain emulsions are illustrated
by Maskasky U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,264,337, 5,292,632, 5,275,930 and
5,399,477, House et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,938, Brust et al U.S.
Pat. No. 5,314,798, Szajewski et al U.S. Pat. No.5,356,764, Chang
et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,413,904 and 5,663,041, Oyamada U.S. Pat. No.
5,593,821, Yamashita et al U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,641,620 and 5,652,088,
Saitou et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,652,089, and Oyamada et al U.S. Pat.
No. 5,665,530. Ultrathin high chloride {100} tabular grain
emulsions can be prepared by nucleation in the presence of iodide,
following the teaching of House et al and Chang et al, cited
above.
[0071] The emulsions can be surface-sensitive emulsions, i.e.,
emulsions that form latent images primarily on the surfaces of the
silver halide grains, or the emulsions can form internal latent
images predominantly in the interior of the silver halide grains.
The emulsions can be negative-working emulsions, such as
surface-sensitive emulsions or unfogged internal latent
image-forming emulsions, or direct-positive emulsions of the
unfogged, internal latent image-forming type, which are
positive-working when development is conducted with uniform light
exposure or in the presence of a nucleating agent. Tabular grain
emulsions of the latter type are illustrated by Evans et al. U.S.
Pat. No. 4,504,570.
[0072] Photographic elements can be exposed to actinic radiation,
typically in the visible region of the spectrum, to form a latent
image and can then be processed to form a visible dye image.
Processing to form a visible dye image includes the step of
contacting the element with a color-developing agent to reduce
developable silver halide and oxidize the color-developing agent.
Oxidized color developing agent in turn reacts with the coupler to
yield a dye. If desired "Redox Amplification" as described in
Research Disclosure XVIIIB(5) may be used.
[0073] In the color negative image-capture type element of the
invention, speed (the sensitivity of the element to low light
conditions) is usually critical to obtaining sufficient image in
such elements. Such elements are typically silver bromoiodide
emulsions coated on a transparent support and are sold packaged
with instructions to process in known color negative processes such
as the Kodak C-41 process as described in The British Journal of
Photography Annual of 1988, pages 191-198. Color negative
development times are typically 3'15" or less and desirably 90 or
even 60 seconds or less.
[0074] A direct-view photographic element is one which yields a
color image that is designed for human viewing (1) by reflected
light, such as a photographic paper print, (2) by transmitted
light, such as a display transparency, or (3) by projection, such
as a color slide or a motion picture print. These direct-view
elements may be exposed and processed in a variety of ways. For
example, paper prints, display transparencies, and motion picture
prints are typically produced by digitally printing or by optically
printing an image from a color negative element of the invention
onto the direct-viewing element and processing through an
appropriate negative-working photographic process to give a
positive color image. The element may be sold packaged with
instructions for digital printing or for processing using a color
negative optical printing process, as generally described in PCT WO
87/04534 or U.S. 4,975,357, to form a positive image. Color
projection prints may be processed, for example, in accordance with
the Kodak ECP-2 process as described in the H-24 Manual. Color
print development times are typically 90 seconds or less and
desirably 45 or even 30 seconds or less. Color slides may be
produced in a similar manner but are more typically produced by
exposing the film directly in a camera and processing through a
reversal color process or a direct positive process to give a
positive color image. The foregoing images may also be produced by
alternative processes such as digital printing.
[0075] Each of these types of photographic elements has its own
particular requirements for dye hue, but in general they all
require cyan dyes whose absorption bands are less deeply absorbing
(that is, shifted away from the red end of the spectrum) than color
negative films. This is because dyes in direct-view elements are
selected to have the best appearance when viewed by human eyes,
whereas the dyes in image capture materials are designed to best
match the needs of the printing process.
[0076] Preferred color developing agents for the color negative
elements of the invention arep-phenylenediamines such as:
[0077] 4-amino-N,N-diethylaniline hydrochloride,
[0078] 4-amino-3-methyl-N,N-diethylaniline hydrochloride,
[0079]
4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-methanesulfonamidoethyl)aniline
sesquisulfate hydrate,
[0080] 4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline
sulfate,
[0081] 4-amino-3-(2-methanesulfonamidoethyl)-N,N-diethylaniline
hydrochloride, and
[0082] 4-amino-N-ethyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-m-toluidine di-p-toluene
sulfonic acid.
[0083] Development is usually followed by the conventional steps of
bleaching, fixing, or bleach-fixing, to remove silver or silver
halide, washing, and drying. However, scanning may also follow
immediately after or during the development step.
[0084] The entire contents of the patents and other publications
referred to in this specification and in the identified Research
Disclosure publications are incorporated herein by reference.
[0085] Aside from the advantageous combination of improved under
exposure latitude/and printing efficiency of the invention,
embodiments of the invention include advantages related to noise
introduced in scanning. These advantages may be further enhanced
using reference exposure, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,667,944,
or other information encoded in the film.
PHOTOGRAPHIC EXAMPLES
Examples 1-4
[0086] Several multilayer color photographic film elements were
digitally constructed to have characteristic curves that have the
parameters given in Table I. All films have a designated speed of
400.
Example 1
[0087] is a multilayer color photographic film element that is
prepared having a Composite slope of 0.62 and having an aged ISO
speed of 400 with an ISO 400 designation in packaging.
Example 2
[0088] is a multilayer color photographic film element that is
prepared having the same Composite slope as in Example 1 with an
ISO 400 designation in packaging but with an Aged ISO speed of 535
to increase under exposure latitude. As shown in Table I, the
resulting difference in over exposure density due to the increase
in film speed produces a highly undesirable loss of printer
productivity of 20% with respect to the 400 speed film due to
slower printing speed.
Example 3
[0089] is a multilayer color photographic film element that also
has increased under exposure latitude due to its speed of ISO 535
and is prepared using emulsions so that the Composite Average slope
of the three records is decreased by 4% compared to Example 2. This
decrease in slope produces a 4 stop over exposure density that is
well within the invention criterion that
D.sub.c.ltoreq.1.347+0.605(log H.sub.Aged-log H.sub.Designated)
[0090] since, for a designated ISO of 400 and an aged ISO of 535,
Dc=1.42. This decrease in over exposure density results in a loss
of printing time that is now only 5%, a much more desirable
position. This design trade off allows for the desirable increase
in underexposure latitude while still maintaining and acceptable
printing throughput.
Example 4
[0091] is an alternative film wherein the Average Slope is reduced
by 3% in each record and the toe contrast is reduced by 8%. In
examples 3 and 4, the under exposure latitude is increased, but the
gain in printing time is small, as per the invention.
1TABLE I % change in Ratio G/B Composite printing time Aged ISO
Composite (Average Overexposure at 4 stops Example speed Average
Slope Slopes) Printing Density overexposed 1 (Comp) 400 0.62 0.90
1.37 ref 2 (Comp) 535 0.62 0.90 1.45 20% 3 (Inv) 535 0.589 0.90
1.39 5% 4 (Inv) 535 0.595 0.90 1.38 2%
[0092] The table shows that an increase in film speed that provides
a desired increase in under exposure latitude can be obtained while
minimizing the undesirable disadvantage usually associated with
increased film speed of increased printing time.
Example 5
[0093] Another multilayer photographic film embodying the invention
contains on a transparent acetate support the following:
2 mg/sq meter Layer 1 Gray silver 172 Chem-2 16 Dye-2 32 Dye-3 2.7
Dye-4 3.8 Dye-5 75 Chem-5 97 Gelatin 1990 Layer 2 Slow cyan
emulsion 323 Slow-slow cyan emulsion 323 Coup-1 446 Coup-2 65
Coup-3 15 Coup-4 16 Coup-6 16 Coup-7 65 Chem-1 10 Gelatin 1750
Layer 3 Mid cyan emulsion 635 Coup-1 226 Coup-3 56 Coup-4 19 Coup-5
12 Coup-6 12 Coup-7 47 Chem-1 10 Gelatin 940 Layer 4 Fast cyan
emulsion 603 Fast-fast cyan emulsion 312 Coup-1 226 Coup-3 43
Coup-4 19 Coup-5 19 Coup-6 19 Chem-1 15 Gelatin 1030 Layer 5 Coup-4
16 Chem-2 27 Gelatin 540 Layer 6 Slow magenta emulsion 258
Slow-slow magenta emul. 65 Coup-8 283 Coup-9 93 Chem-1 4.8 Gelatin
1180 Layer 7 Mid magenta emulsion 635 Coup-8 179 Coup-9 72 Coup-5
16 Coup-10 4.3 Chem-1 10 Gelatin 1240 Layer 8 Fast magenta emulsion
603 Fast-fast magenta emul. 312 Coup-8 70 Coup-9 76 Coup-10 16
Coup-5 13 Chem-1 6.2 Gelatin 970 Layer 9 Coup-11 16 Chem-2 27 Dye-1
22 Chem-1 2.9 Gelatin 540 Layer 10 Mid yellow emulsion 258 Slow
yellow emulsion 322 Slow-slow yellow emul. 172 Coup-7 968 Coup-2
5.4 Coup-12 81 Coup-4 32 Coup-1 75 Chem-1 8.8 Chem-3 5.4 Chem-4
.0011 Chem-7 26 Gelatin 1570 Layer 11 Fast yellow emulsion 377
Fast-fast yellow emul. 377 Lippman emulsion 54 Coup-7 344 Coup-13
130 Coup-12 113 Coup-2 5.4 Chem-1 10 Chem-4 .0011 Gelatin 1180
Layer 12 UV dye 1 160 UV dye 2 110 Gelatin 690 Layer 13 Gelatin
870
[0094] The above contains sequestrants, antifoggants, surfactants,
antistat, matte beads and lubricants as is known in the art. The
film also contains a hardener at 1.8% of total gel. 4
[0095] Chem-1 (1,2,4) Triazolo(1
,5-a)pyrimidin-7-ol,5-methyl-,sodium salt
[0096] Chem 2 5
[0097] Chem-3
Cyclopenten-1-one,2,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl)-
[0098] Chem-4 N-(3-(2,5-dihydro-5-thioxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl)
L-alanine disodium salt
[0099] Chem-5 6 7
[0100] 2,6-Anthracenedisulfonic acid,
9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-4,8-
[0101] Dye-3 bis(sulfomethyl)amino)-,tetrasodium salt 8
[0102] Dye-5
Propanedinitrile,(3-(dihexylamino)-2-propeneylidene)-
3 Emulsion Type Diameter Thickness % bromide Dye load Dyes SS cyan
T .43 .mu.m .11 .mu.m 99.5 .66 mm/m C-1 S cyan T .80 .11 95.5 .82
C-1 M cyan T 1.24 .12 96.3 1.00 C-1 F cyan T 2.5 .13 96.3 .89 C-1
FF cyan T 3.9 .13 96.3 .79 C-2 SS magenta T .53 .083 98.7 .89 M-1 S
magenta T .47 .12 97.0 1.04 M-1 M magenta T 1.01 .13 95.5 1.03 M-1
F magenta T 1.86 .13 95.5 .95 M-1 FF magenta T 2.9 .13 96.3 .85 M-1
SS yellow T .53 .083 98.7 1.1 Y-1 S yellow T .99 .14 98.6 .90 Y-1 M
yellow T 1.26 .14 95.8 .80 Y-1 F yellow T' 2.67 .13 95.8 .80 Y-1 FF
yellow 3D 1.22 90.3 .22 Y-2
[0103] Sensitizing dyes
[0104] C-1=SD1+SD2+SD3
[0105] C-2=SD1+SD2+SD4
[0106] M-1=SD5+SD6
[0107] Y-1=SD7+SD8
[0108] Y-2 SD9
4 SD1 9 SD2 10 SD3 11 SD4 12 SD5 13 SD6 14 SD7 15 SD8 16 SD9 17
[0109] The multilayer film of the example provides improved
underexposure latitude and overexposure printing density.
Example 6
Consumer Preference Study
[0110] A set of twenty scenes was photographed with an inventive
film and with three commercial color negative films outside the
scope of the invention and all were all processed via Kodak Process
C-41 and printed on KODAK EDGE 8 color paper on a Kodak CLAS 35
printer to simulate four consumer print orders. Each print was
balanced so that the neutral balance of each order (the average of
all 20 images) was less than 0.075 density of each other. This is
equivalent to one printer button, a unit well known in the
photofinishing trade. A significant number of scenes were
underexposed. A representative group of 600 photographic consumers
was asked to rank the four print orders for overall quality. The
results were as follows:
5TABLE II Ranked Actual Status M Ranked First/ Ranked Sam- ISO
Green First Second Last ple Type Speed Density* % % % 7 Inv 621
1.32 54 76 9 8 Comp 264 1.38 17 42 39 9 Comp 482 1.38 15 49 24 10
Comp 393 1.38 14 34 29 *At +2.01 log H from 0.15 above Dmin
[0111] From the results it is clear that consumers preferred the
film with the best under exposure latitude and with green Density
at +2.01 log H less than 1.34.
* * * * *