U.S. patent application number 09/733346 was filed with the patent office on 2002-04-25 for aralkyl and aralkylidene heterocyclic lactams and imides.
Invention is credited to Chappell, Phillip Branch, Gibbs, Megan Ann, Howard, Harry Ralph, Schachter, Joel Barry, Sprouse, Jeffrey Scott.
Application Number | 20020049214 09/733346 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 24947226 |
Filed Date | 2002-04-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020049214 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gibbs, Megan Ann ; et
al. |
April 25, 2002 |
Aralkyl and aralkylidene heterocyclic lactams and imides
Abstract
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I 1
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, Y and the dashed line are as
defined in the specification, to intermediates for their
preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to
their medicinal use as psychotherapeutic agents.
Inventors: |
Gibbs, Megan Ann; (Noank,
CT) ; Howard, Harry Ralph; (Bristol, CT) ;
Sprouse, Jeffrey Scott; (Stonington, CT) ; Schachter,
Joel Barry; (East Lyme, CT) ; Chappell, Phillip
Branch; (Guilford, CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Paul H. Ginsburg
Pfizer Inc
235 East 42nd Street, 20th Floor
New York
NY
10017-5755
US
|
Family ID: |
24947226 |
Appl. No.: |
09/733346 |
Filed: |
December 8, 2000 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09733346 |
Dec 8, 2000 |
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09254999 |
Oct 8, 1999 |
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09254999 |
Oct 8, 1999 |
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PCT/IB97/01062 |
Sep 8, 1997 |
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60027111 |
Sep 30, 1996 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
514/253.01 ;
514/255.05; 514/316; 514/317; 514/336; 514/422; 544/360; 544/405;
546/188; 546/208; 546/278.4; 548/518 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61P 21/00 20180101;
A61P 25/28 20180101; A61P 25/36 20180101; A61P 1/00 20180101; A61K
31/496 20130101; A61P 25/34 20180101; A61P 25/20 20180101; A61P
5/00 20180101; A61P 25/22 20180101; A61P 9/12 20180101; A61P 5/10
20180101; A61P 25/32 20180101; A61P 25/18 20180101; A61P 35/00
20180101; C07D 277/20 20130101; C07D 281/06 20130101; A61P 17/14
20180101; A61P 25/24 20180101; A61P 15/08 20180101; A61P 43/00
20180101; C07D 273/06 20130101; C07D 279/12 20130101; C07D 241/08
20130101; A61P 25/30 20180101; A61P 25/04 20180101; A61P 13/02
20180101; C07D 277/34 20130101; C07D 471/04 20130101; A61K 31/135
20130101; C07D 233/96 20130101; C07D 267/10 20130101; C07D 233/70
20130101; C07D 487/04 20130101; A61P 25/06 20180101; C07D 265/32
20130101; C07D 417/12 20130101; C07D 417/04 20130101; C07D 417/10
20130101; A61P 25/16 20180101; A61K 31/135 20130101; A61K 2300/00
20130101; A61K 31/496 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/253.01 ;
514/255.05; 514/317; 514/316; 514/422; 514/336; 544/360; 544/405;
546/188; 546/208; 546/278.4; 548/518 |
International
Class: |
C07D 43/02; C07D 41/02;
A61K 031/497; A61K 031/496; A61K 031/4439 |
Claims
1. A compound of the formula I 30wherein R.sup.1 is a group of the
formula G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5, G.sup.6,
G.sup.7, G.sup.8 or G.sup.9 depicted below, 31a is zero to eight;
each R.sup.13 is, independently, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl or a
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)methylene bridge from one of the ring carbons of
the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sup.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, to the same or another ring carbon or a ring nitrogen
of the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sup.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, having an available bonding site, or to a ring carbon
of R.sup.6 having an available bonding site; E is oxygen, sulfur,
SO or SO.sub.2; X is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, cyano,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy- , --SO.sub.t(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein
t is zero one or two, --CO.sub.2R.sup.10 or --CONR.sup.11R.sup.12;
Y is an optionally substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge
that, together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms a five
to seven membered heterocycle containing two to four heteroatoms
selected from the group consisting of 1,3-oxazolidin-4-on-5-yl,
1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazolidin-3-on-4-yl,
1,3-thiazolidin-4-on-5-yl, 1,3-thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
1,3-pyrazolidin-4-on-5-yl, 1,3-imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
1,2-pyrazolidin-3-on-4-yl, 1,2-thiazolidin-1,1,3-trion-4-yl,
1,2-thiazolidin-3-on-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-on-4-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-on-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, morpholin-3-on-2-yl,
morpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazin-3-on-2-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-on-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-th
iazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-thiazin-3-on-4-yl,
thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl, thiomorpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,2-diazin-3-on-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-on-4-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazin-4-on-5-yl, hexahydro-1,3-diazin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
piperazin-2-on-3-yl, piperazin-2,6-dion-3-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-- yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-on-6-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1-2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
1,2,4-oxadiazin-3,5-dion-6-yl, 1,2,4-trazin-6-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,2-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl, hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-4-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-6-y- l,
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1-4-oxazepin-5,7-dion-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5- -on-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2,4-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-thiazepin-3--
on-4-yl, hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-on-2-yl,
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazep- in-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-6-yl,
2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepin-5- -on-6-yl,
6,7-dihydro-1,4-thiazepin-5-on-6-yl, hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-2,4-
-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-diazepin- 3-on-4-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2,4-- dion-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-2-on-3-yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5-on-6-
-yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5,7-dion-4-yl,
hexahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazepin-3-- on-7-yl,
4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-3,5-thiadiazepin-6-on-7-yl, and
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazepin-3,5-dion-7-yl; wherein the
substituents on any of the carbon atoms capable of supporting an
additional bond, of said (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are
chloro, fluoro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
trifluoromethyl or cyano; wherein the substituents on any of the
nitrogen atoms capable of supporting an additional bond, of said
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or
trifluoromethyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl,
phenyl or naphthyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl may optionally
be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.k(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein k is zero, one or two;
R.sup.3 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.mB, wherein m is zero, one, two or
three and B is hydrogen, phenyl, naphthyl or a 5 or 6 membered
heteroaryl group containing from one to four heteroatoms in the
ring, and wherein each of the foregoing phenyl, naphthyl and
heteroaryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo,
iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl-- ,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, hydroxy, --COOH and
--SO.sub.n(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein n is zero, one or two;
R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted with
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy or one to three fluorine atoms, or
((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the aryl moiety is phenyl,
naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.q--, wherein the heteroaryl
moiety is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl,
benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl and benzisothiazolyl
and q is zero, one, two, three or four, and wherein said aryl and
heteroaryl moieties may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.g(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein g is zero, one or two;
R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, ((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the
aryl moiety is phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.r--,
wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from the group consisting
of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl
and benzisothiazolyl and r is zero, one, two, three or four, and
wherein said aryl and heteroaryl moieties may optionally be
substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl,
--C(.dbd.O)-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)al- kyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.j(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein j is zero, one or two; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 taken together form a 2 to 4 carbon chain;
R.sup.8 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; R.sup.9 is hydrogen
or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; or R.sup.6 and R.sup.9, together with
the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5 to 7
membered heteroalkyl ring that may contain from zero to four
heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and p is
one, two, or three; each of R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 is
selected, independently, from the radicals set forth in the
definition of R.sup.2; or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12, together with the
nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 5 to 7 membered
heteroalkyl ring that may contain from zero to four heteroatoms
selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and the broken lines
indicate optional double bonds, with the proviso that when the
broken line in G.sup.2 is a double bond that R3 is absent; and that
when R.sup.1 is G.sup.8, there is no optional double bond at the
broken line position, R.sup.2 together with R.sup.14 and R.sup.15
form a double bond connecting the carbon atoms to which they are
aftached; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein the R.sup.1 is any of
the following groups: 32
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R.sup.1 is 33wherein
R.sup.6 is methyl and R.sup.13 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen.
4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.8.
5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.9 and
where is no optional double bond at the broken line position,
R.sup.2 together with R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 form a double bond
connecting the carbon atoms to which they are attached.
6. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted 5 to
7 membered heterocycle selected from 1,3thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl;
1,3 imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl; thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl;
1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl; and morpholin-3-on-2-yl.
7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted 1,3
thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl.
8. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted 1,3
imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl.
9. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted
thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl.
10. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted
1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl.
11. A compound according to claim 1 wherein Y, together with the
atoms to which it is attached, forms an optionally substituted
morpholin-3-on-2-yl.
12. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R.sup.3 is optionally
substituted phenyl or --(CH.sub.2)-optionally substituted
phenyl.
13. A compound according to claim 1, wherein said compound is
selected from the group consisting of:
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin--
1-yl)-benzylidene]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-met-
hylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidin-
e-2,4-dione; 4-benzyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-th
iomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-b-
enzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazi-
n-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;
3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-
-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-th-
iomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholi- n-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-ben-
zylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpipera-
zin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-morpholin-3-one; 4-(3,4-dich
lorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-on-
e;
4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyl]-thiomorpholin-3-
-one;
4-methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3--
one; 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-piperazin-1-yl
benzylidene)-thiomorpholin- -3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-4-piperazin-1-yl)-benzyidene-
]-1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-4-oxy-p-
iperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one; 10-[4-(3,4-d
ichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-thiomorpholin-2-yl]-2-methyl-3,4-d
ihydro-pyrazino[ 1,2-a]indol-2-ium;
4-Benzyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-1,-
1-dioxothiomorpholin-3-one; 4-(3,4-Dich
lorophenyl)-2-[3-fluoro-2-(4-methy-
lpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)--
2-[5-fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-be-
nzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-{2-[4-(2-methoxye-
thyl)piperazin-1-yl]-benzylidene}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thio-
morpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1--
yl)-benzylidene]-hiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpipe-
razin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-2-Chloro-6-(4-methylpipera-
zin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-trifluoromethyl-be-
nzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiper-
azin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)--
2-(5-fluoro-2-piperazin-1-yl-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[3,6-difluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpipera-
zin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-Phenyl-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethyl-
piperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one; 2-[5-Fluoro
-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl
)-benzylidene]-4-phenyl-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(3,5-imethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thi-
omorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(4-tert-Butylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3,4-di-
chlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpi-
perazin-1-yl)-benzyidene]-thiazolidin-4-one;
methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzoni- trile;
5-[2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-on-
e;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene-
]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[5-methyl-2-(4-methylpiper-
azin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[4-Chloro-2-(4-methylpipera-
zin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thi-
omorpholin-3-one;
4-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-
-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[4-Bromo-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-b-
enzylidene]-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylidene]-
-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-
-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,4,5--
trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl)-benzylid-
ene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-
-pyridin-3-yl-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benz-
ylidene]4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-thi-
omorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-
-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,5-dimeth-
ylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-methylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,4,5-trimethylpiperazin--
1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(4-cy-
clopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(3,5-Dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiomorph-
olin-3-one;
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benz-
ylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-[2-(3,5-Dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]4-phenylthiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichiorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpipera-
zin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-
-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-
-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-[1,4]diazepan--
1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,4,6-
-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one; and
2-[2-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thi-
omorpholin-3-one; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such
compounds.
14. A compound of the formula V: 34wherein R.sup.1 is a group of
the formula G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5, G.sup.6 or
G.sup.7 depicted below, 35a is zero to eight; each R.sup.13 is,
independently, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl or a
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)methylene bridge from one of the ring carbons of
the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sup.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, to the same or another ring carbon or a ring nitrogen
of the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sup.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, having an available bonding site, or to a ring carbon
of R.sup.6 having an available bonding site; E is oxygen, sulfur,
SO or SO.sub.2; X is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, cyano,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy- , --SO.sub.t(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein
t is zero one or two, -CO.sub.2R.sup.10 or --CONR.sup.11R.sup.12; Y
is an optionally substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge
that, together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms a five
to seven membered heterocycle containing two to four heteroatoms
selected from the group consisting of 1,3-oxazolidin-4-on-5-yl,
1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazolidin-3-on-4-yl,
1,3-thiazolidin-4-on-5-yl, 1,3-thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
1,3-pyrazolidin-4-on-5-yl, 1,3-imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
1,2-pyrazolidin-3-on-4-yl, 1,2-thiazolidin-1,1,3-trion-4-yl,
1,2-thiazolidin-3-on-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-on-4-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-on-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, morpholin-3-on-2-yl,
morpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazin-3-on-2-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-on-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2-thiazin-3-on-4-yl, thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl,
thiomorpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl,
2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-on-2-yl, hexahydro-1,2-diazin-3-on-4-yl,
4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-on-4-yl, hexahydro-1,3-diazin-4-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, piperazin-2-on-3-yl,
piperazin-2,6-dion-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-4-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-- yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-on-6-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1-2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
1,2,4-oxadiazin-3,5-dion-6-yl, 1,2,4-trazin-6-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,2-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl, hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-4-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-6-y- l,
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5,7-dion-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5- -on-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2,4-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-thiazepin-3--
on-4-yl, hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-on-2-yl,
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazep- in-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-6-yl,
2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepin-5- -on-6-yl,
6,7-dihydro-1,4-thiazepin-5-on-6-yl, hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-2,4-
-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-diazepin-3-on-4-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2,4-d- ion-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-2-on-3-yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5-on-6--
yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5,7-dion-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazepin-3-o- n-7-yl,
4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-3,5-thiadiazepin-6-on-7-yl, and
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazepin-3,5-dion-7-yl; wherein the
substituents on any of the carbon atoms capable of supporting an
additional bond, of said (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are
chloro, fluoro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
trifluoromethyl or cyano; wherein the substituents on any of the
nitrogen atoms capable of supporting an additional bond, of said
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or
trifluoromethyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)aikyl,
phenyl or naphthyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl may optionally
be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.k(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein k is zero, one or two;
R.sup.3 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.mB, wherein m is zero, one, two or
three and B is hydrogen, phenyl, naphthyl or a 5 or 6 membered
heteroaryl group containing from one to four heteroatoms in the
ring, and wherein each of the foregoing phenyl, naphthyl and
heteroaryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo,
iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl-- ,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, hydroxy, --COOH and
--SO.sub.n(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein n is zero, one or two;
R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted with
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy or one to three fluorine atoms, or
((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the aryl moiety is phenyl,
naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.q--, wherein the heteroaryl
moiety is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl,
benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl and benzisothiazolyl
and q is zero, one, two, three or four, and wherein said aryl and
heteroaryl moieties may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.g(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein g is zero, one or two;
R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, ((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the
aryl moiety is phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.r--,
wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from the group consisting
of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl
and benzisothiazolyl and r is zero, one, two, three or four, and
wherein said aryl and heteroaryl moieties may optionally be
substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl,
--C(.dbd.O)-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)al- kyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.j(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein j is zero, one or two; or
R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 taken together form a 2 to 4 carbon chain;
R.sup.8 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl; R.sup.9 is hydrogen
or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl; or R6 and R.sup.9, together with the
nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a 5 to 7 membered
heteroalkyl ring that may contain from zero to four heteroatoms
selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and p is one, two, or
three; each of R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 is selected,
independently, from the radicals set forth in the definition of
R.sup.2; or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12, together with the nitrogen to
which they are attached, form a 5 to 7 membered heteroalkyl ring
that may contain from zero to four heteroatoms selected from
nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and the broken lines indicate optional
double bonds, with the proviso that when the broken line in G.sup.2
is a double bond that R.sup.8 is absent.
15. A compound according to claim 10, wherein said compound is
selected from the group consisting of:
4-benzyl-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-
-yl)-phenyl]methyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-{hydroxy-
-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]methyl}-th iomorpholin-3-one;
2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]methyl}-4-(4-trifluoromethy-
lphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pheny-
l]methyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-me-
thylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-hydroxymethyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-met-
hyl}-morpholin-3-one;
2-{[2,4-dibromo-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-h-
ydroxymethyl}-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one; and
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-met-
hyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one.
16. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition selected from hypertension, all forms of depression,
depression in cancer patients, depression in Parkinson's patients,
postmyocardial infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic
depression, depression in infertile women, pediatric depression,
major depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an amount of a
compound of according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof effective in treating such disorder or condition and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
17. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition that can be treated by enhancing serotonergic
neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an
amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, effective in treating such disorder or
condition and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
18. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition selected from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild,
moderate, or severe depression with or without atypical features,
melancholic features, psychotic features, catatonic features;
seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric
depression, chronic depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with
depressed mood, adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood,
mixed anxiety and depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood
disorder secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an
amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof effective in treating such disorder or
condition and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
19. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression, depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising administering
to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a compound
according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, that is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
20. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising
administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a
compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, that is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
21. A method for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal in need of
such treatment an amount of a compound according to claim 1, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, that is effective in
treating such disorder or condition.
22. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition selected from hypertension, all forms of depression,
depression in cancer patients, depression in Parkinson's patients,
postmyocardial infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic
depression, depression in infertile women, pediatric depression,
major depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Aspergers disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and aftention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a serotonin
receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a compound
according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
22. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition that can be treated by enhancing serotonergic
neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a
serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a
compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
23. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition selected from aftention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), bipolar disorder, bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild,
moderate, or severe depression with or without atypical features,
melancholic features, psychotic features, catatonic features;
seasonal affective disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric
depression, chronic depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with
depressed mood, adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood,
mixed anxiety and depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood
disorder secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a
serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a
compound according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
24. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression, depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising administering
to a mammal requiring such treatment a serotonin receptor
antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a compound according
to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
26. A method for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal requiring
such treatment a serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing
effective amount of a compound according to claim 1 or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
27. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising
administering to a mammal requiring such treatment a serotonin
receptor antagonizing or agonizing amount of a compound according
to claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
28. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition that can be treated by enhancing serotonergic
neurotransmission in a mammal, comprising: a) a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier; b) a compound of according to claim 1; and c) a
5-HT re-uptake inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof; wherein the amount of the active compounds are such that
the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
29. A method for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
comprising administering to a mammal requiring such treatment: a) a
compound according to claim 1; and b) a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor or
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the amounts of
the active compounds are such that the combination is effective in
treating such disorder or condition.
30. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 20, wherein the
5-HT re-uptake inhibitor is sertraline or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof.
31. A method according to claim 21, wherein the 5-HT re-uptake
inhibitor is sertraline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
32. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression, depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal requiring
such treatment: a) a compound according to claim 1; and b) a 5-HT
re-uptake inhibitor or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
wherein the amounts of the active compounds are such that the
combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
33. A method for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
comprising administering to said mammal requiring such treatment:
a) a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof; and b) a 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist according to claim 1 or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the amounts of
the active compounds are such that the combination is effective in
treating such disorder or condition.
34. A method for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression, depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, comprising administering to a mammal requiring
such treatment: a) a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof; and b) a 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist according
to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein
the amounts of the active compounds are such that the combination
is effective in treating such disorder or condition.
35. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition that can be treated by enhancing serotonergic
neurotransmission in a mammal, comprising: a) a 5-HT.sub.1A
antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and b) a
5-HT.sub.1D antagonist according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof; wherein the amounts of the active
compounds are such that the combination is effective in treating
such disorder or condition.
36. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or
condition selected from hypertension, all forms of depression,
depression in cancer patients, depression in Parkinson's patients,
postmyocardial infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic
depression, depression in infertile women, pediatric depression,
major depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, bipolar disorder, bipolar
disorder-depressed phase, generalized anxiety disorder, phobias,
agoraphobia, social anxiety, social phobia, simple phobias,
separation anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress syndrome,
avoidant personality disorder, premature ejaculation, eating
disorders, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, obesity; chemical dependencies and addictions to alcohol,
cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, nicotine, marijuana and
benzodiazepines; cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's
disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, panic
disorder with agoraphobia, memory disorders, dementia, amnestic
disorders, and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD), Parkinson's
diseases, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias, endocrine disorders,
hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm, vasospasm in the cerebral
vasculature, cerebellar ataxia; gastrointestinal tract disorders
involving changes in motility and secretion; negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer, small cell lung carcinoma, chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache associated with vascular disorders,
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, comprising: a) a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and b) a 5-HT.sub.1D
antagonist according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof; wherein the amounts of the active compounds are such
that the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to novel aralkyl and
aralkylidene heterocyclic lactams and imides, to intermediates for
their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them
and to their medicinal use. The compounds of the present invention
include selective agonists and antagonists of serotonin 1
(5-HT.sub.1) receptors, specifically, of one or both of the
5-HT.sub.1A and 5-HT.sub.1D receptors. They are useful in treating
hypertension, all forms of depression (e.g., depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition), bipolar disorder
(including in the depressed phase), generalized anxiety disorder,
social anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, phobias (e.g.,
agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobias), posttraumatic
stress syndrome, avoidant personality disorder, premature
ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder,
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical
dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines), cluster
headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive
disorder; panic disorder with and without agoraphobia; memory
disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders, and age-related
cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases (e.g., dementia in
Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive
dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinaemia),
vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral vasculature), cerebellar
ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders (involving changes in
motility and secretion), negative symptoms of schizophrenia,
premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress incontinence,
Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania, male impotence,
cancer (e.g. a small cell lung carcinoma), chronic paroxysmal
hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular disorders) autism,
pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder , and attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), and other disorders for which a 5-HT.sub.1 agonist or
antagonist is indicated.
[0002] European Patent Publication 434,561, published on Jun. 26,
1991, refers to 7-alkyl, alkoxy, and hydroxy
substituted-1-(4-substituted-1-pip- erazinyl)-naphthalenes. The
compounds are referred to as 5-HT.sub.1 agonists and antagonists
useful for the treatment of migraine, depression, anxiety,
schizophrenia, stress and pain.
[0003] European Patent Publication 343,050, published on Nov. 23,
1989, refers to 7-unsubstituted, halogenated, and methoxy
substituted-1-(4-substituted-1-piper-azinyl)-naphthalenes as useful
5-HTlA ligand therapeutics.
[0004] PCT publication WO 94/21619, published Sep. 29, 1994, refers
to naphthalene derivatives as 5-HT.sub.1 agonists and
antagonists.
[0005] PCT publication WO 96/00720, published Jan. 11, 1996, refers
to naphthyl ethers as useful 5-HT.sub.1 agonists and
antagonists.
[0006] European Patent Publication 701,819, published Mar. 20,
1996, refers to the use of 5-HT.sub.1 agonists and antagonists in
combination with a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor.
[0007] Glennon et al., refers to
7-methoxy-1-(1-piperazinyl)-naphthalene as a useful 5-HT.sub.1
ligand in their article "5-HT.sub.1D Serotonin Receptors", Drug
Dev. Res., 22, 25-36 (1991).
[0008] Glennon's article "Serotonin Receptors: Clinical
Implications", Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 14, 3547
(1990), refers to the pharmacological effects associated with
serotonin receptors including appetite suppression,
thermoregulation, cardiovascular/hypotensive effects, sleep,
psychosis, anxiety, depression, nausea, emesis, Alzheimer's
disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
[0009] World Patent Application WO 95/31988, published Nov. 30,
1995, refers to the use of a 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist in combination
with a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist to treat CNS disorders such as
depression, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia,
social phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic
stress disorder, memory disorders, anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa, Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesias, endocrine
disorders such as hyperprolactinaemia, vasospasm (particularly in
the cerebral vasculature) and hypertension, disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract where changes in motility and secretion are
involved, as well as sexual dysfunction.
[0010] G. Maura et ai., J. Neurochem, 66 (1), 203-209 (1996), have
stated that administration of agonists selective for 5-HT.sub.1A
receptors or for both 5-HT.sub.1A and 5-HT.sub.1D receptors might
represent a great improvement in the treatment of human cerebellar
ataxias, a multifaceted syndrome for which no established therapy
is available.
[0011] European Patent Publication 666,261, published Aug. 9, 1995
refers to thiazine and thiomorpholine derivatives which are claimed
to be useful for the treatment of cataracts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention relates to compounds of the formula I
2
[0013] wherein R.sup.1 is a group of the formula G.sup.1, G.sup.2,
G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5, G.sup.6, G.sup.7, G.sup.8 or G.sup.9
depicted below, 3
[0014] a is zero to eight;
[0015] each R.sup.13 is, independently, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl or a
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)methylene bridge from one of the ring carbons of
the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sup.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, to the same or another ring carbon or a ring nitrogen
of the piperazine or piperidine ring of G.sub.1 or G.sup.2,
respectively, having an available bonding site, or to a ring carbon
of R.sup.6 having an available bonding site;
[0016] E is oxygen, sulfur, SO or SO.sub.2;
[0017] X is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, cyano,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy- , --SO.sub.t(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein
t is zero one or two, --CO.sub.2R.sup.10 or
--CONR.sup.11R.sup.12;
[0018] Y is an optionally substituted (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl
bridge that, together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms
a five to seven membered heterocycle containing two to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of
1,3-oxazolidin-4-on-5-yl, 1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazolidin-3-on-4-yl, 1,3-thiazolidin-4-on-5-yl,
1,3-thiazolid in-2,4-dion-5-yl, 1,3-pyrazolidin-4-on-5-yl,
1,3-imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl, 1,2-pyrazolidin-3-on-4-yl,
1,2-thiazolidin-1,1,3-trion-4-yl, 1,2-thiazolidin-3-on-4-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-on-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-on-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, morpholin-3-on-2-yl,
morpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazin-3-on- -2-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-on-5-yl,
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-2,4-dion-5- -yl,
tetrahydro-1,2-thiazin-3-on-4-yl, thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl,
thiomorpholin-3,5-dion-2-yl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl,
2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-on-2-yl, hexahydro-1,2-diazin-3-on-4-yl,
4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-on-4-yl, hexahydro-1,3-diazin-4-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazin-2,4-dion-5-yl, piperazin-2-on-3-yl,
piperazin-2,6-dion-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-on-6-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-- yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-on-6-yl,
tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
5,6-dihydro-1-2,4-oxadiazin-5-on-6-yl,
1,2,4-oxadiazin-3,5-dion-6-yl, 1,2,4-trazin-6-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,2-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl, hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-4-on-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dion-6-y- l,
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-14-oxazepin-5,7-dion-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5-- on-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2,4-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-thiazepin-3-o-
n-4-yl, hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-on-2-yl,
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepi- n-3-on-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-2-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dion-6-yl,
2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepin-5- -on-6-yl,
6,7-dihydro-1,4-thiazepin-5-on-6-yl, hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-2,4-
-dion-5-yl, hexahydro-1,2-diazepin-3-on-4-yl,
hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2,4-d- ion-5-yl,
hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-2-on-3-yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5-on-6--
yl, hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5,7-dion-6-yl,
hexahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazepin-3-o- n-7-yl,
4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-3,5-thiadiazepin-6-on-7-yl, and
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazepin-3,5-dion-7-yl; wherein the
substituents on any of the carbon atoms capable of supporting an
additional bond, of said (C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are
chforo, fluoro, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
trifluoromethyl or cyano; wherein the substituents on any of the
nitrogen atoms capable of supporting an additional bond, of said
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4) heteroalkyl bridge, are (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or
trifluoromethyl;
[0019] R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, phenyl or
naphthyl, wherein said phenyl or naphthyl may optionally be
substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.k(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein k is zero, one or two;
[0020] R.sup.3 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.mB, wherein m is zero, one, two
or three and B is hydrogen, phenyl, naphthyl or a 5 or 6 membered
heteroaryl group containing from one to four heteroatoms in the
ring, and wherein each of the foregoing phenyl, naphthyl and
heteroaryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from chloro, fluoro, bromo,
iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6) alkoxy-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl-- ,
trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyano, hydroxy, --COOH and
--SO.sub.n(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl wherein n is zero, one or two;
[0021] R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl optionally substituted with
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy or one to three fluorine atoms, or
((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the aryl moiety is phenyl,
naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.q--, wherein the heteroaryl
moiety is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl,
benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl and benzisothiazolyl
and q is zero, one, two, three or four, and wherein said aryl and
heteroaryl moieties may optionally be substituted with one or more
substituents independently selected from the group consisting of
chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.g(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein g is zero, one or
two;
[0022] R.sup.7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, ((C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl)aryl wherein the
aryl moiety is phenyl, naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2),-,
wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from the group consisting
of pyridyl, pyrimidyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl
and benzisothiazolyl and r is zero, one, two, three or four, and
wherein said aryl and heteroaryl moieties may optionally be
substituted with one or more substituents independently selected
from the group consisting of chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo,
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl,
--C(.dbd.O)-(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)al- kyl, cyano and
--SO.sub.j(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl, wherein j is zero, one or
two;
[0023] or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 taken together form a 2 to 4 carbon
chain;
[0024] R.sup.8 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.3)alkyl;
[0025] R.sup.9 is hydrogen or (C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl;
[0026] or R.sup.6 and R.sup.9, together with the nitrogen atom to
which they are attached, form a 5 to 7 membered heteroalkyl ring
that may contain from zero to four heteroatoms selected from
nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen;
[0027] and p is one, two, or three;
[0028] each of R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 is selected,
independently, from the radicals set forth in the definition of
R.sup.2; or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12, together with the nitrogen to
which they are attached, form a 5 to 7 membered heteroalkyl ring
that may contain from zero to four heteroatoms selected from
nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and
[0029] the broken lines indicate optional double bonds, with the
proviso that when the broken line in G.sup.2 is a double bond that
R.sup.8 is absent; and that
[0030] when R.sup.1 is G.sup.9, there is no optional double bond at
the broken line position, R.sup.2 together with R.sup.14 and
R.sup.15 form a double bond connecting the carbon atoms to which
they are attached;
[0031] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0032] The following are more specific embodiments of groups
G.sup.1 and G.sup.2. 4
[0033] The present invention also relates to the pharmaceutically
acceptable acid addition salts of compounds of the formula I. The
acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition salts of the aforementioned base compounds of this
invention are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e.,
salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as the
hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate,
bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate,
acid citrate, tartrate, bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate,
gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate,
benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate (i.e.,
1,1'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts.
[0034] The invention also relates to base addition salts of formula
I. The chemical bases that may be used as reagents to prepare
pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of those compounds of
formula I that are acidic in nature are those that form non-toxic
base salts with such compounds. Such non-toxic base salts include,
but are not limited to those derived from such pharmacologically
acceptable cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium
and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and
magnesium), ammonium or water-soluble amine addition salts such as
N-methylglucamine-(meglumine), and the lower alkanolammonium and
other base salts of pharmaceutically acceptable organic amines.
[0035] The compounds of this invention include all stereoisomers
(e.g., cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers) and all optical isomers of
compounds of the formula I (e.g., R and S enantiomers), as well as
racemic, diastereomeric and other mixtures of such isomers. The
compounds of this invention may contain olefin-like double bonds.
When such bonds are present, the compounds of the invention exist
as cis and trans configurations and as mixtures thereof.
[0036] Unless otherwise indicated, the alkyl and alkenyl groups
referred to herein, as well as the alkyl moieties of other groups
referred to herein (e.g., alkoxy), may be linear or branched, and
they may also be cyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) or be linear or branched and contain
cyclic moieties. Unless otherwise indicated, halogen includes
fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
[0037] Preferred compounds of the formula I include those wherein
R.sup.1 is 5
[0038] wherein R.sup.6 is methyl and R.sup.13 and R.sup.2 are each
hydrogen.
[0039] Other preferred compounds are those wherein R.sup.1 is
G.sup.8.
[0040] Other preferred compounds are those wherein R.sup.1 is
G.sup.9 and where is no optional double bond at the broken line
position, R.sup.2 together with R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 form a double
bond connecting the carbon atoms to which they are attached.
[0041] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted 5 to 7 membered heterocycle selected from
1,3 thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl; 1,3 imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl;
thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl; 1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl; and
morpholin-3-on-2-yl.
[0042] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted 1,3 thiazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl.
[0043] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted 1,3 imidazolidin-2,4-dion-5-yl,
[0044] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl.
[0045] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted 1-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-on-2-yl.
[0046] Preferred compounds of formula I include those wherein Y,
together with the atoms to which it is attached, forms an
optionally substituted morpholin-3-on-2-yl.
[0047] Preferred compounds of the formula I also include those
wherein R.sup.3 is optionally substituted phenyl or
-(CH.sub.2)-optionally substituted phenyl.
[0048] Preferred compounds of the formula I are those of formula
IA: 6
[0049] wherein X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined
above, but where there is a double bond connecting the benzyl group
to the lactam ring are those wherein the benzyl aromatic ring and
the carbonyl group of the lactam ring are trans with respect to
each other vis-a-vis the double bond.
[0050] Examples of specific preferred compounds of the formula I
are the following:
[0051]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imida-
zolidine-2,4-dione
[0052]
3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imida-
zolidine-2,4-dione;
[0053]
3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiaz-
olidine-2,4-dione;
[0054]
4-benzyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-
-one;
[0055]
4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0056]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiaz-
olidine-2,4-dione;
[0057]
3-(4-(trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylid-
ene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;
[0058]
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl-
)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0059] 2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorphol
in-3-one;
[0060]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0061]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-m-
orpholin-3-one;
[0062]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0063]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyl]thiomor-
pholin-3-one ;
[0064]
4-methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-
-one;
[0065]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-piperazin-1-ylbenzylidene)-thiomorpholi-
n-3-one;
[0066]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl4-piperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-
-1-oxo-thiomorpholin -3-one;
[0067]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-4-oxy-piperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0068]
10-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-thiomorpholin-2-yl]-2-methyl-3,4-d-
ihydro-pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-2-ium;
[0069]
4-Benzyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-1,1-dioxothiomo-
rpholin-3-one;
[0070]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[3-fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0071]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[5-fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0072]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5-trifluoromet-
hyl-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0073]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-{2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-benz-
ylidene}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0074]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene-
]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0075]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-th-
iomorpholin-3-one;
[0076]
4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiom-
orpholin-3-one;
[0077]
4-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiom-
orpholin-3-one;
[0078]
2-[2-Chloro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3,4-dichloro-
phenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0079]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)4-trifluorometh-
yl-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0080]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-1-
-oxo-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0081]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(5-fluoro-2-piperazin-1-yl-benzylidene)-th-
iomorpholin-3-one;
[0082]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[3,6-difluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-b-
enzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0083]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0084]
4-Phenyl-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorp-
holin-3-one;
[0085]
2-[5-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-phenyl-thiomo-
rpholin-3-one;
[0086]
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylide-
ne]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0087] 2-[2-(4-tert-Butylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3,4-dich
lorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0088]
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiazolidin-4-one;
[0089]
3-[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-thiomorpholin-2-ylidenemethyl]-6-di-
methylamino-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzonitrile;
[0090]
5-[2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-2-phenylthiazolidin-4-on-
e;
[0091]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0092]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[5-methyl-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0093]
2-[4-Chloro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3,4-dichloro-
phenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0094]
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0095]
4-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0096]
2-[4-Bromo-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,4-dichloroph-
enyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0097]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy)-benzyl-
idene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0098]
4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0099]
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0100]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazin-2-yl)-be-
nzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0101]
2-[2-(.sup.4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-pyridin-3-yl--
thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0102]
2-[2-(.sup.4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,4-difluoro-
phenyl)-th iomorpholin-3-one;
[0103]
2-[2-(.sup.4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,5-dichloro-
phenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0104]
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0105]
4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyliden-
e]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0106]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-methylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzylid-
ene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0107]
4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,4,5-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0108]
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylid-
ene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0109]
2-[2-(3,5-Dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0110]
4-Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-2-[2-(2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylide-
ne]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0111]
2-[2-(3,5-Dimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyiidene]-4-phenylthiomorpholi-
n-3-one;
[0112]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0113]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzyl-
idene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0114]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-benzyl-
idene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0115]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl)-benzylide-
ne]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0116]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(2,4,6-trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one; and
[0117]
2-[2-(4-Cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3,4-dichlorophen-
yl)-thiomorpholin-3-one; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts
of such compounds.
[0118] Other compounds of formula I include the following:
[0119]
5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione;
[0120]
2-[2,4-dibromo-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(3,4-dichlo-
rophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0121]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-[1,4]-
oxazepan-3-one;
[0122]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-[1,4,-
5]oxadiazepan-3-one;
[0123]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-[1,4]-
thiazepan-3-one;
[0124]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-[(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-methyl-amino]-b-
enzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0125]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0126] 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1
,.sup.4-dimethylpiperidin-4-yl)-benz-
ylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0127]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholine-3,5-dione;
[0128]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-benzylidene]-th-
iomorpholin-3-one;
[0129]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-isopropylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene-
]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0130]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-benzyli-
dene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0131]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{2-[methyl-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-
-amino]-benzylidene}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0132]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy)-benzyl-
idene]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0133] 4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{2-[2-(1-methyl
pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl]-be- nzylidene}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0134]
1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-piperazin-2-one;
[0135]
4-methyl-3-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-1-(4-trifluorom-
ethylphenyl)-piperazin-2-one;
[0136]
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyiide-
ne]-piperazin-2-one;
[0137]
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(4-trifluoromethylphen-
yl)-morpholin-3-one;
[0138]
2-[4-fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(4-trifluorom-
ethylphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0139]
2-[5-fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]4-(4-trifluorome-
thylphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0140]
2-{1-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-ethylidene}-4-(4-trifluoro-
methylphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0141]
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyl]-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one;
[0142]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylide-
ne]-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0143]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-thiazolidin-4-one;
[0144]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-[1,4]-
oxazepan-3-one;
[0145]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4H-[1-
,4]thiazien-3-one;
[0146]
1-(4-chlorophenyl)4,6,6-trimethyl-3-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-ben-
zylidene]-piperazin-2-one;
[0147]
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylide-
ne]-piperazin-2-one;
[0148]
4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-morph-
ol in-3-one;
[0149]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-oxazo-
idin-3-one;
[0150]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzy-
lidene]-imidazolidin-4-one; and
[0151]
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imida-
zolidin-4-one.
[0152] The present invention also relates to intermediates of the
formula V: 7
[0153] wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X, and Y are as defined
above.
[0154] Examples of specific preferred compounds of formula V are
the following:
[0155]
4-benzyl-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]methyl}-thio-
morpholin-3-one;
[0156]
4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pheny-
l]methyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0157]
2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]methyl}4-(4-trifluoro-
methylphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0158]
2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]methyl}-thiomorpholin-
-3-one;
[0159]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phen-
yl]-hydroxymethyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one;
[0160]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl-
]-methyl}-morpholin-3-one;
[0161]
2-{[2,4-dibromo-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-hydroxymethyl}-4-
-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one; and
[0162]
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pheny-
l]-methyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one.
[0163] Other preferred compounds of the invention are those of
formula IB 8
[0164] wherein, X, Y, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are as defined
above. These compounds of formula IB are isomers of the compounds
of formula IA wherein there is a double bond connecting the benzyl
group to the lactam ring and wherein the benzyl aromatic ring and
the carbonyl group of the lactam ring are cis with respect to each
other vis-a-vis the double bond. The present invention accordingly
encompasses those groups of compounds and species as set forth
above with the geometric structure of formula IB.
[0165] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression (e.g., depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition), bipolar disorder
(including in the depressed phase), generalized anxiety disorder,
social anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, phobias (e.g.,
agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobias), posttraumatic
stress syndrome, avoidant personality disorder, premature
ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder,
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical
dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines), cluster
headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive
disorder; panic disorder with and without agoraphobia; memory
disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders, and age-related
cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases (e.g., dementia in
Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive
dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinaemia),
vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral vasculature), cerebellar
ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders (involving changes in
motility and secretion), negative symptoms of schizophrenia,
premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress incontinence,
Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania, male impotence,
cancer (e.g. small cell lung carcinoma), chronic paroxysmal
hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular disorders) autism,
pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
epathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an amount of a
compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof effective in treating such disorder or condition and a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0166] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising an amount of a compound of the
formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, effective
in treating such disorder or condition and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier. Examples of such disorders and conditions are
those enumerated in the preceding paragraph.
[0167] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising an
amount of a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof effective in treating such disorder or
condition and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0168] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition selected from hypertension, all forms of
depression (e.g., depression in cancer patients, depression in
Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial infarction depression,
subsyndromal symptomatic depression, depression in infertile women,
pediatric depression, major depressive disorder, single episode
depression, recurrent depression, child abuse induced depression,
post partum depression, dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe
depressions with or without atypical features, melancholic
features, psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal
affective disorder, geriatric depression, chronic depression;
adjustment disorder with depressed mood or with anxiety and
depressed mood; mixed anxiety and depression; substance induced
mood disorder; and mood disorder secondary to a general medical
condition), bipolar disorder (including in the depressed phase),
generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, separation anxiety
disorder, phobias (e.g., agoraphobia, social phobia and simple
phobias), posttraumatic stress syndrome, avoidant personality
disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge
eating disorder, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity,
chemical dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine,
heroin, phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines),
cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease,
obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder with and without
agoraphobia; memory disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders,
and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases
(e.g., dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g.,
hyperprolactinaemia), vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral
vasculature), cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders
(involving changes in motility and secretion), negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer (e.g., small cell lung carcinoma), chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular
disorders) autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's
disorder, selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder,
somatization disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder,
pyromania, pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder,
premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal in need of
such treatment an amount of a compound of the formula I, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, that is effective in
treating such disorder or condition.
[0169] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising
administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a
compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, that is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
[0170] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition that can be treated by enhancing
serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human,
comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an
amount of a compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, that is effective in treating such
disorder or condition.
[0171] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from
hypertension, all forms of depression (e.g., depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition), bipolar disorder
(including in the depressed phase), generalized anxiety disorder,
social anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, phobias (e.g.,
agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobias), posttraumatic
stress syndrome, avoidant personality disorder, premature
ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder,
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical
dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines), cluster
headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive
disorder; panic disorder with and without agoraphobia; memory
disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders, and age-related
cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases (e.g., dementia in
Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive
dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinaemia),
vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral vasculature), cerebellar
ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders (involving changes in
motility and secretion), negative symptoms of schizophrenia,
premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress incontinence,
Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania, male impotence,
cancer (e.g. small cell lung carcinoma), chronic paroxysmal
hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular disorders) autism,
pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, and aftention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a serotonin
receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a compound
of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0172] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising a serotonin receptor antagonizing or
agonizing effective amount of a compound of the formula I, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier.
[0173] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising a
serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a
compound of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0174] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition selected from hypertension, all forms of
depression (e.g., depression in cancer patients, depression in
Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial infarction depression,
subsyndromal symptomatic depression, depression in infertile women,
pediatric depression, major depressive disorder, single episode
depression, recurrent depression, child abuse induced depression,
post partum depression, dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe
depressions with or without atypical features, melancholic
features, psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal
affective disorder, geriatric depression, chronic depression;
adjustment disorder with depressed mood or with anxiety and
depressed mood; mixed anxiety and depression; substance induced
mood disorder; and mood disorder secondary to a general medical
condition), bipolar disorder (including in the depressed phase),
generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, separation anxiety
disorder, phobias (e.g., agoraphobia, social phobia and simple
phobias), posttraumatic stress syndrome, avoidant personality
disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge
eating disorder, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity,
chemical dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine,
heroin, phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines),
cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease,
obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder with and without
agoraphobia; memory disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders,
and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases
(e.g., dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g.,
hyperprolactinaemia), vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral
vasculature), cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders
(involving changes in motility and secretion), negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer (e.g., small cell lung carcinoma), chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular
disorders) autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's
disorder, selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder,
somatization disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder,
pyromania, pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder,
premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising administering to a mammal requiring
such treatment a serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing
effective amount of a compound of the formula I or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0175] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition that can be treated by enhancing
serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human,
comprising administering to a mammal requiring such treatment a
serotonin receptor antagonizing or agonizing effective amount of a
compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof.
[0176] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition selected from
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder,
bipolar disorder-depressed phase; mild, moderate, or severe
depression with or without atypical features, melancholic features,
psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal affective
disorder, postpartum depression, geriatric depression, chronic
depression, dysthymia, adjustment disorder with depressed mood,
adjustment disorder with anxiety, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and
depression, substance induced mood disorder, mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition, social anxiety,
separation anxiety disorder, binge eating disorder, dependencies
and addictions to marijuana, panic disorder with agoraphobia;
autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, and premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, in a mammal, preferably a human, comprising
administering to a mammal requiring such treatment a serotonin
receptor antagonizing or agonizing amount of a compound of the
formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0177] The compounds of the present invention are also useful in
the treatment of patients afflicted with two or more of the above
disorders. It is not uncommon for certain of the above listed
disorders, which can be treated using the novel compounds of the
invention, to exist in patients afflicted with one or more other
such disorders. For example, depression is often comorbid with
anxiety and both may be treated using the compounds or
pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
[0178] A further particular advantage of the serotonin 1
(5-HT.sub.1) receptor agonistlantagonist compounds of the present
invention is that they exhibit pharmacological and therapeutic
activity without the delayed onset of action usually associated
with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
[0179] The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a condition or disorder that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising:
[0180] a) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;
[0181] b) a compound of the formula I or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof; and
[0182] c) a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
[0183] wherein the amount of the active compounds (i.e., the
compound of formula I and the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor) are such
that the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
[0184] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition that can be treated by enhancing
serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human,
comprising administering to a mammal requiring such treatment:
[0185] a) a compound of the formula I, defined above, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and
[0186] b) a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
[0187] wherein the amounts of the active compounds (i.e., the
compound of formula I and the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor) are such
that the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
[0188] The present invention also relates to a method for treating
a disorder or condition that can be treated by enhancing
serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal, preferably a human,
comprising administering to said mammal requiring such
treatment:
[0189] a) a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof; and
[0190] b) a 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist of formula I or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
[0191] wherein the amounts of each active compound (i.e., the
5-HT.sub.1A antagonist and the 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist) are such
that the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
[0192] The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical
composition for treating a disorder or condition that can be
treated by enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission in a mammal,
preferably a human, comprising:
[0193] a) a 5-HT.sub.1A antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof; and
[0194] b) a 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist of formula I or a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
[0195] wherein the amounts of each active compound (i.e., the
5-HT.sub.1A antagonist and the 5-HT.sub.1D antagonist) are such
that the combination is effective in treating such disorder or
condition.
[0196] "Treating" refers to, and includes, reversing, alleviating,
inhibiting the progress of, or preventing, a disease, disorder or
condition, or one or more symptoms thereof; and, "treatment" and
"therapeutically" refer to the act of treating, as defined
above.
[0197] "Enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission," as used herein,
refers to increasing or improving the neuronal process whereby
serotonin is released by a pre-synaptic cell upon excitation and
crosses the synapse to stimulate or inhibit the post-synaptic
cell.
[0198] "Chemical dependency," as used herein, means an abnormal
craving or desire for, or an addiction to a drug. Such drugs are
generally administered to the affected individual by any of a
variety of means of administration, including oral, parenteral,
nasal or by inhalation. Examples of chemical dependencies treatable
by the methods of the present invention are dependencies on
alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, heroin, phenobarbital, and
benzodiazepines (e.g., Valium (trademark)). "Treating a chemical
dependency," as used herein, means reducing or alleviating such
dependency.
[0199] Sertraline,
(1S-cis)4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-met-
hyl-1-naphthalenamine, as used herein has the following structural
formula 9
[0200] and ordinarily used in the form of its hydrochloride salt.
The synthesis of sertraline is described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,536,518, assigned to Pfizer Inc. Sertraline hydrochloride is
useful as an antidepressant and anorectic agent, and is also useful
in the treatment of depression, chemical dependencies, anxiety
obsessive compulsive disorders, phobias, panic disorder, post
traumatic stress disorder, and premature ejaculation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0201] Compounds of the formula I may be prepared according to the
following reaction schemes and discussion. Unless otherwise
indicated, R.sup.1 through R.sup.3, R.sup.6 through R.sup.15,
G.sup.1 through G.sup.9, X, B, E, Y, Z, g, j, k, m, n, p, q, r and
t and structural formula I in the reaction schemes and discussion
that follow are as defined above. 10 11 12
[0202] Scheme 1 illustrates a method of synthesizing compounds of
the formula I wherein the dashed line represents a double
carbon-carbon bond and R.sup.1 is a group of the formula G.sup.1,
G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5, G.sup.6 or G.sup.7. Referring to Scheme
1, a compound of the formula III, wherein Q is a suitable leaving
group (e.g., chloro, fluoro, bromo, mesylate, tosylate, etc.), is
reacted with a compound of the formula R.sup.1H, wherein H refers
to a hydrogen atom on group E or on nitrogen atoms from G.sup.1,
G.sup.3, G.sup.5, G.sup.6 or G.sup.7 and R.sup.1 is a group of the
formula G.sup.1, G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5, G.sup.6 or G.sup.7 in
the presence of a base, to form the corresponding compound of
formula II. This reaction is generally carried out at a temperature
from about 0.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C., preferably at
about the reflux temperature, in a polar solvent such as dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF),
N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP),
preferably DMF. Suitable bases include anhydrous sodium carbonate
(Na.sub.2CO.sub.3), potassium carbonate (K.sub.2CO.sub.3), sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), as well as amines
such as pyrrolidine, triethylamine and pyridine. Anhydrous
potassium carbonate is preferred.
[0203] Compounds of formula II can be converted into compounds of
the formula I, wherein R.sup.3 is other than hydrogen, by
subjecting them to an aldol condensation or Wittig reaction. For
example, in the case of an aldol condensation, a compound of the
formula II can be reacted with a compound of the formula IV: 13
[0204] in the presence of a base, to form an aldol intermediate of
the formula V 14
[0205] which may be isolated or converted directly in the same
reaction step to a compound of the formula I by the loss of water.
The degree of completion for the conversion of compounds of the
formula II to the aldol product of formula I may be assessed using
one or more analytical techniques, such as thin layer
chromatography (tic) or mass spectrometry. In some instances it may
be possible or desirable to isolate the intermediate of formula V.
In such case, the compound of formula V may be converted into the
compound of formula I by the elimination of water using techniques
which are familiar to those skilled in the art, for example, by
heating to the reflux temperature a solution of the compound of
formula V in a solvent such as benzene, toluene or xylene, in the
presence of a catalytic amount of benzene- or p-toluene-sulfonic
acid with provision for the removal of the water generated. Such
water removal techniques may involve the use of molecular sieves or
a Dean-Stark trap to isolate the water created as an azeotrope with
the solvent.
[0206] The aldol reaction is typically carried out in a polar
solvent such as DMSO, DMF, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol or
ethanol, at a temperature from about -78.degree. C. to about
80.degree. C. Preferably, this reaction is carried out in THF at
about 25.degree. C. Suitable bases for use in the aldol formation
step include potassium carbonate (K.sub.2CO.sub.3), sodium
carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3), sodium hydride (NaH), sodium
methoxide, sodium methoxide, potassium-tert.-butoxide, lithium
diisopropylamide, pyrrolidine and piperidine. Sodium hydride is
preferred. Aldol condensations are described in "Modern Synthetic
Reactions," Herbert O. House, 2d. Edition, W. A. Benjamin, Menlo
Park, Calif., 629-682 (1972) and Tetrahedron, 38 (20), 3059
(1982).
[0207] Compounds of the formula I, wherein R.sup.3 is other than
hydrogen, can also be prepared from compounds of formula II by
reaction with a compound of the formula IV, wherein R.sup.3 is
hydrogen or --(C.dbd.O)R.sup.13, wherein R.sup.13 is
(C.sub.1-C.sub.6)alkyl or trifluoromethyl, followed by removal of
the --C(.dbd.O)R.sup.13 group, if present, and reaction with a
compound of the formula R.sup.3--L' wherein L' is a leaving group
and is defined as Q is defined as above. These reactions can be
carried out in a solvent such as di-(alkyl)ether, THF, DMF, DMA or
DMSO, preferably DMF, in the presence of a base such as potassium
carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride,
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydride.
Reaction temperatures can range from about 0.degree. C. to about
150.degree. C., preferably from about 25.degree. C. to about the
reflux temperature of the solvent.
[0208] Alternatively, the compound of formula IV can be converted
into a compound of the formula I by means of a Wittig olefination,
as described in Helvetica Chimica Acta, 46, 1580 (1963), and
depicted below. 15
[0209] Thus, the compound of formula IV can be converted into the
corresponding bromide of formula XI using standard bromination
conditions, followed by treatment with triphenylphosphine in
anhydrous THF to form the intermediate of formula XII. The compound
of formula XII can then be treated with a base (e.g., aqueous
Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) to generate the corresponding phosphonium ylide,
which can then be reacted with the appropriate intermediate of
formula II to produce compounds of general formula I. This
transformation is described in A. Maercker, Organic Reactions, 14,
270 (1965).
[0210] Compounds of the formula I wherein the dashed line
represents a single carbon-carbon bond may be prepared by
hydrogenating the corresponding compounds wherein the dashed line
represents a double carbon-carbon bond, using standard techniques
that are well known to those skilled in the art. For example,
reduction of the double bond may be effected with hydrogen gas
(H.sub.2), using catalysts such as palladium on carbon (Pd/C),
palladium on barium sulfate (Pd/BaSO.sub.4), platinum on carbon
(Pt/C), or tris(triphenylphosphine) rhodium chloride (Wilkinson's
catalyst), in an appropriate solvent such as methanol, ethanol,
THF, dioxane or ethyl acetate, at a pressure from about 1 to about
5 atmospheres and a temperature from about 10.degree. C. to about
60.degree. C., as described in Catalytic Hydrogenation in Organic
Synthesis, Paul Rylander, Academic Press Inc., San Diego, 31-63
(1979). The following conditions are preferred: Pd on carbon,
methanol at 25.degree. C. and 50 psi of hydrogen gas pressure. This
method also provides for introduction of hydrogen isotopes (i.e.,
deuterium, tritium) by replacing .sup.1H.sub.2 with .sup.2H.sub.2
or .sup.3H.sub.2 in the above procedure.
[0211] An alternative procedure employing the use of reagents such
as ammonium formate and Pd/C in methanol at the reflux temperature
under an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen or argon gas) is also
effective in reducing the carbon-carbon double bond of compounds of
the formula I. Another alternative method involves selective
reduction of the carbon-carbon bond. This can be accomplished using
samarium and iodine or samarium iodide (SmI.sub.2) in methanol or
ethanol at about room temperature, as described by R. Yanada et.
al., Synlett., 4434 (1995).
[0212] The starting materials of the formulas III and IV are either
commercially available or known in the art. For example, compounds
of formula III in which R.sup.2 is hydrogen are readily available
from commercial sources or may be prepared using procedures
disclosed in the chemical literature. Compounds of the formula III
may also be prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acids or
esters, (i.e., formula II) wherein R.sup.2 .dbd.OH or O-alkyl),
which are commercially available. These acids or esters can be
reduced to the corresponding alcohols of formula XlII, depicted
below, wherein Q is defined as for formula III, using one or more
of a variety of reducing agents and conditions, depending upon the
nature of the substituents Q and X. 16
[0213] Such reducing agents include sodium borohydride
(NaBH.sub.4), sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH.sub.3), lithium
aluminum hydride (LiAlH.sub.4) and borane in THF (BH.sub.3.THF) in
solvents such as methanol, ethanol, THF, diethyl ether and dioxane.
Oxidation of the alcohol of formula XIII to the corresponding
aldehyde of formula II may be accomplished using a selective
oxidizing agent such as Jones reagent (hydrogen chromate
(H.sub.2CrO.sub.4)), pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) or manganese
dioxide (MnO.sub.2). References for such conversions are readily
available (e.g., K. B Wiberg, Oxidation in Organic Chemistry, Part
A, Academic Press Inc, N.Y., 69-72 (1965)).
[0214] Compounds of the formula IV are also commercially available
or can be made by methods well know to those of ordinary skill in
the art. Examples of sources of the various compounds of formula IV
are presented in Tables 1-3.
1TABLE 1 5 MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES 17 Name D E Reference
1,3-oxazolidin-4-one CH.sub.2 O DE 2,339,185; Synthesis, 5, 426-428
(1982); U.S. Pat. No. 2,762,815; Arzneim. Forsch., 27, 766-770
(1977). 1,3-oxazolidin-2,4-dione C.dbd.O O Parravicini et al.,
Farmaco Ed. Sci., 31, 49-57 (1976); Kricheldorf, Makromol. Chem.,
176, 57-74 (1975). 4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one O CH.sub.2 J.
Korean Chem. Soc., 36(3), 453-459 (1992). 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
CH.sub.2 S EP 626,377; Hasen, Tet. Lett., 35, (38), 6971-6974
(1994). 1,3-thiazolidin-2,4-dione C.dbd.O S Markley, J.A.C.S., 52,
2137-2140 (1930); Dains, J.A.C.S., 43, 615 (1921); Barbry et al.,
J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, (1), 133-140 (1990); Hansen et al.,
Tetrahedron Lett., 35, (38), 6971-6974 (1994).
1,3-imidazolidin-4-one CH.sub.2 NH Fitzi, Angew. Chem, Int. Ed.
Eng., 25, 345 (1986); J. Het. Chem., 18(5), 963 (1981);
Heterocycles, 20(8), 1615 (1983). 1,3-imidazolidin-2,4-dione
C.dbd.O NH Ware, Chem. Rev., 46, 403-470 (1950); Freter et al.,
Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem., 607, 174-184 (1957).
1,2-pyrazolidin-3-one NH CH.sub.2 Japanese Pat. 1,056,161; J.O.C.,
40, 3510 (1975); Org. Synth., 48, 8 (1968).
1,2-thiazolidin-1,1,3-trione SO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Rasmussen, et al.,
Chem. Reviews, 76, 389 (1976). 1,2-thiazolidin-3-one S CH.sub.2
Luettringhaus et al., Justus Liebigs Annal. Chem., 679, 123-135
(1964); Ibid, Angew. Chem., 76, 51 (1964).
[0215]
2TABLE 2 6 MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES 18 Name F G K Reference
tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O Khomutov et al.,
Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR Div. Chem. Sci., 1006-1008 (1962); Nally et
al., Tet. Lett., 26, 4107, (1985). tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-one
CH.sub.2 O CH.sub.2 Kalyuskii et al., J. Org. Chem., 25, (10),
1989-1991 (1989); Linde et al., Arzneim. Forsch., 28, 937-939
(1978). tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2,4-dione CH.sub.2 O C.dbd.O Back et
al., Tet. Lett., 2651-4 (1977). morpholin-3-one O CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
U.S. Pat. No. 3,092,630; Australian Patent 9,063,019; Tulyaganov et
al., J.O.C.U.S.S.R., (Eng Tran) 6, 1311-1314 (1970); J.A.C.S., 58,
2338 (1936). morpholin-3,5-dione O CH.sub.2 C.dbd.O Hadley, et al.,
Tet. Lett. 24(1), 91 (1983). 2,3-dihydro-1,4-oxazin-3-one O CH* CH*
Vliet et al., Tetrahedron, 41(10), 2007-2014 (1985).
tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-one CH.sub.2 S CH.sub.2 Krus et al., Zh.
Org. Khim., 24(8), 1576, (1988); Bergmann et al., Recl. Trav. Chim.
Pays-Bas., 78, 327-330 (1959); Nagakura et al., Heterocycles, 3,
453 (1975). tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-2,4-dione CH.sub.2 S C.dbd.O
Hendry et al., JACS, 80, 973 (1958); Sohda et al., Chem. Pharm.
Bull., 30, 3563 (1982); U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,929.
tetrahydro-1,2-thiazin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 S Kharasch, J.O.C.,
28, 1901-1902 (1963). thiomorpholin-3-one S CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
Davies, J. Chem. Soc., 117, 298-306 (1920). thiomorpholin-3,5-dione
S CH.sub.2 C.dbd.O Schulze, Zeitschrift Fur Chem., 182 (1866);
Wolfe et al., J.O.C., 35, 3600-7 (1970).
2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-one S CH* CH* Hojo et al., Synthesis, 272
(1979); Masuda et al., Tet. Lett., 32(6) 1195 (1991).
hexahydro-1,2-diazin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH Hwang et al.,
Heterocycles, 36(2), 219 (1993); Taylor et al., J.O.C., 52, 4107
(1987). 4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH* N* Reichett et
al., Synthesis, 9, 786-787 (1984); Amorosa, Ann. Chim. (Rome), 49,
322-329 (1959). hexahydro-1,3-diazin-4-one CH.sub.2 NH CH.sub.2
Yamamoto et al., Synthesis, 6, 686, 1985; Skaric et al., Croat.
Chem. Acta., 38, 1-4 (1966). hexahydro-1,3-diazin-2,4-dione
CH.sub.2 NH C.dbd.O Yamamoto et al., Synthesis, 6, 686, 1985;
Zee-Cheng et al., J. Org. Chem., 26, 1877 (1961); Beckwith et al.,
J. Chem. Soc., C, 2756 (1968). piperazin-2-one NH CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
E.P. 264,261; J.A.C.S., 51, 3074 (1929); Rees, J. Het. Chem., 24,
1297 (1987); U.S. Pat No. 3,037,023. piperazin-2,6-dione NH
CH.sub.2 C.dbd.O J.A.C.S., 51, 3074 (1929); U.S. Pat. No.
3,037,023. tetrahydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-one S CH.sub.2 NH Japanese
Pat. 3,083,972 (1991); Matsubara et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32(4),
1590 (1984). 5,6-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazin-5-o- ne S CH* N*
Matsubara et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32(4) 1590 (1984).
1,3,4-oxadiazin-5-one O CH.sub.2 NH Bennouna, et al., J. Hetero.
Chem, 16, 161 (1979). 5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiaz- in-5-one O N* CH*
Japanese Pat. 3,148,267. tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiaz- in-5-one O NH
CH.sub.2 Japanese Pat. 3,148,267. 1,2,4-triazin-5-one NH NH
CH.sub.2 Anderson et al., Tet., 39, 3419 (1983); Schulz et al.,
Chem. Ber., 122, 1983 (1989). tetrahydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5- -one O
NH CH.sub.2 Hussein, Hetercycles, 26, 163 (1987).
5,6-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5-one O N* CH* Hussein, Hetercycles,
26, 163 (1987). 1,2,4-oxadiazin-3,5-dione O NH C.dbd.O Rajagopalan
et al., J.C.S. Chem. Commun., 167 (1970). 1,2,4-triazin-6-one NH
CH.sub.2 NH Anderson et al., Tetrahedron, 39(20), 3419 (1983);
Schulz et al., Chem. Ber., 122, 1983 (1989). *Ring atom is sp.sup.2
hybridized.
[0216]
3TABLE 3 7 MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES 19 Name L M P Q Reference
hexahydro-1,2-oxazepin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O Amiaiky
et al., Synthesis, 5, 426-428, (1982). hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin--
4-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O CH.sub.2 Bergmann et al., Recl. Trav.
Chim. Pays-Bas., 78, 327-330 (1959). hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3-one O
CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Brown et al., J. Chem. Soc., Perkin
Trans., 1, 557 (1987); Farberow et al., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 25,
133-135 (1955); Grouiller et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem., 13, 853-859
(1976). hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-3,5-dione O CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
C.dbd.O See "Detailed Description".
2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5,7-dione C.dbd.O O CH.sub.2
CH.sub.2 Brown et al., Synth. Commun., 18, 1801 (1988).
hexahydro-1,4-oxazepin-5-one CH.sub.2 O CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Farberow
et al., Zh. Obshch. Khim., 25, 133-135 (1955); Kato et al., Chem.
Ph. Bull., 17(12), 2405-2410 (1969).
hexahydro-1,3-oxazepin-2,4-dione CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O C.dbd.O See
"Detailed Description". hexahydro-1,2-thiazepin-3-one CH.sub.2
CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 S Black, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1708-1710 (1966); Can.
J. Chem. 49, 2612-2616 (1971); J. Org. Chem., 46, 7, 1239-1243
(1981); and J. Org. Chem., 25, 1953-1956 (1960); DE 1,195,317.
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-one S CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Hill et
al., JACS, 95(9), 2923-2927 (1973).
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3-one S CH* CH* CH.sub.2 Defoin et
al., Helv. Chim. Acta., 68, 1998 (1985).
hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dione S CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C.dbd.O See
"Detailed Description". hexahydro-1,4-thiazepin-3,5-dione CH.sub.2
S CH.sub.2 C.dbd.O See "Detailed Description".
2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,4-thiazepin-5-one CH.sub.2 S CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2
Jakob et al., Ber. Deutsch Chem. Ges., 96, 88 (1963).
6,7-dihydro-1,4-thiazepin-5-one CH.sub.2 S CH* CH* Yamamoto et al.,
Ang. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 25(7), 635 (1986).
hexahydro-1,3-thiazepin-2,4-dione CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 S C.dbd.O
Hanefield et al., Liebigs Ann. Chem., 4, 337-344 (1992).
hexahydro-1,2-diazepin-3-one CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 N Rutjes et
al., Tetrahedron Lett., 32, 45, 6629-6632 (1991); and Fritschi et
al., Helv. Chem. Acta., 74, 8, 2024-2034 (1991).
hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2,4-dione CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH C.dbd.O
Breckenridge, J. Chem. Res., Miniprint, 6, 166 (1982); Gunawardane,
Indian J. Chem. Sect. A, 27, 5, 380-386 (1988).
hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-2-one NH CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 U.S. Pat
No. 4,814,443; Poppelsdorf et al., J. Org. Chem., 26, 131-134
(1961); Ziegler et al., J. Med. Chem., 33, 1, 142-146 (1990).
hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5-one CH.sub.2 NH CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Crombie
et al., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 959 (1983); Groves et al.,
J.A.C.S., 106(3), 630 (1984). hexahydro-1,4-diazepin-5,7-dione
C.dbd.O N CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Kappe et al., Angew, Chem. Int. Ed.
Engl.. 13, 491 (1974); Bonsignore et al., Heterocycles, 26(6); 1619
(1987). hexahydro-1,3,5-thiadiazepin-2,6-dione S C.dbd.O NH
CH.sub.2 Vass, Synthesis, 10, 817 (1986). 4,5,6,7-tetra- S CH* N*
CH.sub.2 Vass et al., Synthesis, 10, 817 (1986).
hydro-1,3,5-thiadiazepin-6-one 2,3,5,6-tetra- CH* N* NH C.dbd.O
Hasnaoui et al., Rec. Trav. Chim. P.-
hydro-1,2,4-triazepin-3,5-dione Bas, 99, 301 (1980). Compounds of
the formula IV, wherein Y is -L-M-P-Q, and L is sulfur or oxygen, M
and P are --CH.sub.2-- and Q is --(C.dbd.O)--, can be prepared
according to the following procedure. Said compound of the formula
IV, depicted below, *Ring atom is sp.sup.2 hybridized.
[0217] 20
[0218] IV (Y=L--M--P--Q, L is sulfur or oxygen, M=P=--CH.sub.2--,
Q.dbd.--(C.dbd.O)--) wherein L is sulfur or oxygen, is prepared by
reacting an anhydride of the formula 21
[0219] wherein L is sulfur or oxygen, with an amine of the formula
R.sup.3NH.sub.2 according to the method detailed by Meyers (JOC, 54
(17) 4243 (1989)), Fickenscher (Arch. Pharm., 307, 520 (1976)) or
Cole et al., (J. Med. Chem., 13, 565 (1970)).
[0220] The anhydride of the formula XXXI can be prepared by
reacting a diacid of the formula 22
[0221] wherein L is sulfur or oxygen, with acetic anhydride,
according to the methods described in Vogel's Textbook of Practical
Organic Chemistry, 499-501 (4th Ed., Longman House, London UK,
1970).
[0222] The compound of the formula XXX is commercially available or
can be made according to the procedure of Woodward and Eastman,
J.A.C.S., 68, 2229 (1946).
[0223] Compounds of the formula IV, wherein Y is --L--M--P--Q, and
L and M are carbon, P is oxygen and Q is --(C.dbd.O)--, can be
prepared according to the following procedure. Said compound of the
formula IV, depicted below, 23
[0224] IV (Y=L--M--P--Q, L.dbd.M.dbd.CH.sub.2, P=oxygen,
Q=--(C.dbd.O)--) is prepared from a compound of the formula 24
[0225] according to the method described by Back et al., Tet.
Iett., 2651-2654 (1977). The compound of the formula XXXIV can be
prepared according to the method of Ksander, et al., JOC, 42, (7),
1180-1185 (1977).
[0226] Compounds of the formula IV, wherein R.sup.3 is hydrogen
(compounds of the formula IVA), may be alkylated to form the
corresponding compounds wherein R.sup.3 is not hydrogen using
standard techniques available to those skilled in the art, e.g., by
(a) generation of the anion of the desired compound of formula IVA
using a strong base/polar solvent system such as NaH/THF, NaH/DMF
or n-butyllithium/THF (n-buLi/THF), at a temperature from about
-30.degree. C. to about the reflux temperature of the solvent, for
a period of about 5 minutes to about 24 hours, and (b) treatment of
the anion with an alkylating agent of the formula R.sup.3L' wherein
L' is a leaving group such as chloro, bromo, iodo or mesylate. This
process is depicted below. 25
[0227] The foregoing conversion of compounds of the formula IVA to
those of the formula IVB may also be achieved using phase transfer
catalysis conditions as described by Takahata etal., Heterocycles,
1979, 12(11), pp. 1449-1451.
[0228] Compounds of the formula IVB wherein R.sup.3 is aryl or
heteroaryl can be prepared from compounds of the formula IVA by
reaction with an aryl or heteroaryl reagent of the formula
R.sup.3L', wherein L' is a leaving group such as chloro, bromo or
iodo, in the presence of a catalyst such as copper (O) or copper
(I) (such as copper, copper-bronze, or copper bromide) and a base,
such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, or sodium carbonate.
The reaction may be run neat or with a polar solvent such as
dimethyl formamide, or dimethyl sulfoxide. This reaction, referred
to as an Ullmann condensation, is described by Yamamoto &
Kurata, Chem. and Industry, 737-738 (1981).
[0229] The compounds of formula R.sup.1H used in the preparation of
intermediates of the formula II are readily available or may be
prepared using standard methods of organic synthesis known to those
skilled in the art and adapted from procedures disclosed in the
chemical literature. For example, the preparation of compounds of
the formula R.sup.1H, wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.1, may be
accomplished using the following reaction sequence, beginning with
commercially available N-tert-butoxycarbonyl piperazine (VI):
26
[0230] Alkylation of the compound of formula VI with a compound of
the formula R.sup.6L' wherein L' is a leaving group, and is defined
as Q is defined above and R.sup.6 is (C.sub.1-C6)alkyl,
aryl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alk- yl wherein the aryl moiety is phenyl or
naphthyl, or heteroaryl-(CH.sub.2).sub.q--, wherein q is zero, one,
two, three or four, and the heteroaryl moiety is selected from
pyridyl, pyrimidyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisoxazolyl,
and benzisothiazolyl, in the presence of an acid scavenger (e,g.,
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO.sub.3), potassium bicarbonate
(KHCO.sub.3), sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) or potassium
carbonate (K.sub.2CO.sub.3)), in a polar solvent such as acetone at
a temperature of about 10.degree. C. to about the reflux
temperature of the solvent, will yield the intermediate of formula
VII. Removal of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group can be accomplished
using acidic conditions, e.g., HBr in acetic acid or
trifluoroacetic acid until the reaction is judged to be
complete.
[0231] Compounds of the formula II wherein R.sup.1 is
tetrahydropyridine or piperidine (i.e. compounds of the formula
G.sup.2) and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, can be prepared from the
2-bromobenzaldehyde of formula III, many of which are commercially
available, as depicted in Scheme 2. Referring to Scheme 2, the
compound of formula III is first converted into a protected
aldehyde of the formula XIV, wherein P represents the entire
protected aldehyde or ketone moiety, using methods well known in
the art. For example, the 1,3-dioxolane derivative of the aldehyde
may be prepared according to the method described by J. E. Cole et
al., J. Chem. Soc., 244 (1962), by refluxing a solution of the
aldehyde of formula III and 1,3-propanediol in anhydrous benzene
with a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid. When R.sup.2 of
formula III is not hydrogen, the ketone can be protected using an
appropriate protecting group. Appropriate protecting groups can be
chosen from many such groups based on the presence and nature of
the substituent X. Examples of suitable protecting groups may be
found in T. W. Greene and P. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic
Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edition, New York, 1991. The
most preferred protecting groups are those that are resistant to
catalytic hydrogenation (e.g., 1,3-dioxolane), which would
therefore allow for the subsequent reduction, if required, of the
carbon-carbon double bond of the tetrahydropyridines of formula
XVIA.
[0232] Compounds of the formula XIV can then be treated with
vinylstannanes of the formula 27
[0233] for example,
1-BOC-4-trimethylstannyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (wherein BOC
refers to tert-butyloxycarbonyl), in the presence of a catalyst, to
form the corresponding compound of formula XVIA. Palladium is the
preferred catalyst (for example, ((C.sub.6H.sub.5).sub.3P).sub.4Pd
or Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3), wherein dba refers to dibenzylidene
acetone. Suitable solvents for the aforesaid reaction include neat,
acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone,
preferably dimethylformamide. This reaction is conveniently run at
about 20.degree. C. to about 160.degree. C., preferably about
60.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C. This reaction may be carried
out as described in "Palladium-catalyzed Vinylation of Organic
Halides" in Organic Reactions, 27, 345-390, (W. G. Dauben, Ed.,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y., 1982).
[0234] Compounds of the formula XVIA can be converted into
compounds of the formula II, wherein R.sup.1 is tetrahydropyridine
by removal of the aldehyde or ketone protecting group. The
protecting group for the aldehyde or ketone, P, can be converted
into the unprotected ketone or aldehyde of the formula
--C(.dbd.O)R.sup.2 using one or more of the techniques described in
Greene, for example, stirring a solution of the compound of formula
XVI in THF and 5% hydrochloric acid at room temperature for 20
hours.
[0235] Alternatively, compounds of formula XVIA can be converted
into compounds of the formula II, where R.sup.1 is piperidine
(G.sup.2), by catalytic hydrogenation of the tetrahydropyridine of
formula XVIA, from the previous paragraph, using standard methods
known in the art, generally using palladium on carbon as the
catalyst, to form the corresponding compounds of formula XVIB. This
reaction is typically performed in an inert solvent, such as
ethanol or ethyl acetate, either with or without a protic acid such
as acetic acid or hydrochloric acid (HCI). Acetic acid is
preferred. The protecting groups on G.sup.2 (e.g., BOC) can be
removed using one or more of the techniques described in Greene,
referred to above, for example, stirring the compound of formula
XVI in ethyl acetate and 3 molar hydrochloric acid at about room
temperature for about 30 minutes. The protecting group for the
aldehyde or ketone, P, can be converted into the unprotected ketone
or aldehyde as described above.
[0236] Compounds of the formula XIV from reaction Scheme 2 may also
be treated with alkyllithium reagents, for example n-butyllithium,
sec-butyllithium or tert-butyllithium, preferably n-butyllithium in
an inert solvent, as shown in Scheme 3, to form the intermediate
lithium anion of formula XVII. Suitable solvents for this reaction
include, for example, ether or tetrahydrofuran, preferably
tetrahydrofuran. Reaction temperatures can range from about
-110.degree. C. to about 0.degree. C. The intermediate lithium
anions of formula XVII can then be further reacted with a suitable
electrophile, selection of which depends on the presence and nature
of the substituent. Suitable electrophiles for use in preparing
compounds of the formula II wherein R.sup.1 is a group of the
formula G.sup.2 include, for example, carbonyl derivatives or
alkylating agents (e.g., 1-BOC-4-piperidone). In the case where an
aldehyde or ketone is used as the electrophile, the hydroxy group
must be removed from the intermediate of formula XVIII, as depicted
below, in order to form the corresponding compound of formula II.
28
[0237] This step may be accomplished by one of several standard
methods known in the art. For example, a thiocarbonyl derivative
such as a xanthate may be prepared and removed by free radical
processes, both of which are known to those skilled in the art.
Alternatively, the hydroxyl group may be removed by reduction with
a hydride source such as triethylsilane under acidic conditions,
using, for example, trifluoroacetic acid or boron trifluoride. The
reduction reaction can be performed neat or in a solvent such as
methylene chloride. A further alternative would be to first convert
the hydroxyl group to a suitable leaving group, such as tosylate or
chloride, using standard methods known in the art, and then to
remove the leaving group with a nucleophilic hydride, such as, for
example, lithium aluminum hydride. The latter reaction is typically
performed in an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofuran.
Also, a reducing agent may be used to reductively remove the
benzylic substituent. Suitable reducing agents include, for
example, Raney nickel in ethanol and sodium or lithium in liquid
ammonia. Another alternative method for removing the hydroxyl group
is to first dehydrate the alcohol of formula XVIII to an olefin of
the formula XVIA (i.e. see Scheme 2) with a reagent such as Burgess
salt (J. Org. Chem., 38, 26 (1973)) and then to catalytically
hydrogenate the double bond under standard conditions with a
catalyst such as palladium on carbon. The alcohol may also be
dehydrated to the olefin by treatment with acids such as
p-toluenesulfonic acid.
[0238] Compounds of the formula II, wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.2 and
R.sup.6 is hydrogen, can be converted into the corresponding
compounds of the formula II, wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.2 and R.sup.6
is other than hydrogen, by reacting them with a compound of the
formula R.sup.6L', as described above in Scheme 1, for preparing
compounds of the formula VII.
[0239] Unless indicated otherwise, the pressure of each of the
above reactions is not critical. Generally, the reactions will be
conducted at a pressure of about one to about three atmospheres,
preferably at ambient pressure (about one atmosphere).
[0240] Compounds of formula I wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.8 or G.sup.9
may be prepared via biosynthetic techniques. One particular means
to carry out the biosynthesis of such compounds is to incubate a
compound of formula I where R.sup.1 is G.sup.1 with liver
microsomes from rat, guinea pig, monkey, dog and human as well as
expressed CYP3A4, preferably human liver microsomes and rCYP3A4 are
used. The compound of formula I wherein R.sup.1 is G.sup.1 is added
to 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer. After a 5 minute
pre-incubation, NADPH (1 mM) is added to initiate the reaction.
Aliquots (.about.200 .mu.L) are taken at 20 minutes and added to a
tube containing 400 .mu.L of acetonitrile. The mixture is vortexed
to precipitate proteins, then centrifuged and the supernatant was
stored at -70.degree. C.
[0241] Analysis of the products, a mixture of compounds of formula
XXXV (i.e., R.sup.1 is G.sup.8) and XXXVI (R.sup.1 is G.sup.9),
metabolites of compounds of formula I (where R.sup.1 is G.sup.1):
29
[0242] can be performed using a Sciex APi3000 LC/.beta.-RAM /MS/MS
operated in positive mode or the equivalent. To detect and
characterize the compounds of formula XXXV and XXXVI, the HPLC
effluent may be split in a 9:1 ratio of .beta.-RAM:mass
spectrometer. The delay in response between the two detectors may
be about 0.2 minutes with the mass spectrometer response recorded
later. The temperature of the turbo ion spray source should be set
at 350.degree. C., and the orifice voltage was 30 V. Other state
file parameters were adjusted to optimize the signal. 20 .mu.L is
injected onto the system. The HPLC system may have a Phenomenex
Luna C-18 (2) column (150.times.4.6 mm, 5 .mu.m) equilibrated in
95/5 A/B (A=10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 4.5; B=methanol) at a flow
rate of 1.0 mL/min. This composition was maintained for the first 5
minutes of the run, after which a linear gradient was run to 20/80
A/B over the course of 20 minutes. The column was then held at
20/80 A/B for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the column was
re-equilibrated to 95/5 A/B and held for 10 minutes.
[0243] The compounds of formula XXXV are readily reduced back to
the compounds of formula I (where R.sup.1 is G.sup.1) via exposure
of those compounds to reducing agents. In addition, it is
noteworthy that N-oxide compounds are known to be reduced in vivo
in mammals, including humans.
[0244] Alternatively, N-oxides compounds of formula XXXV may be
prepared via the chemical oxidation (with an oxidizing agent such
as H.sub.2O.sub.2) of compound of formula I where R.sup.1 is
G.sup.1 according to methods known to those of skill in the art.
See also, "An improved Preparation of Tertiary Amine N-Oxides," J.
Org. Chem., 35:1721-1722 (1970).
[0245] The compounds of the formula I which are basic in nature are
capable of forming a wide variety of different salts with various
inorganic and organic acids. Although such salts must be
pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to animals, it is
often desirable in practice to initially isolate a compound of the
formula I from the reaction mixture as a pharmaceutically
unacceptable salt and then simply convert the latter back to the
free base compound by treatment with an alkaline reagent, and
subsequently convert the free base to a pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition salt. The acid addition salts of the base compounds
of this invention are readily prepared by treating the base
compound with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen
mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a
suitable organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful
evaporation of the solvent, the desired solid salt is obtained.
[0246] The acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically
acceptable acid addition salts of the base compounds of this
invention are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e.,
salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as
hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate or
bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate
or acid citrate, tartrate or bitartrate, succinate, maleate,
fumarate, gluconate, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate and
pamoate (i.e., 1,1'-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-napht- hoate))
salts.
[0247] Those compounds of the formula I which are also acidic in
nature, e.g., where R.sup.3 includes a COOH or tetrazole moiety,
are capable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically
acceptable cations. Examples of such salts include the alkali metal
or alkaline-earth metal salts and particularly, the sodium and
potassium salts. These salts are all prepared by conventional
techniques. The chemical bases which are used as reagents to
prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of this
invention are those which form non-toxic base salts with the herein
described acidic compounds of formula I. These non-toxic base salts
include those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable
cations as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc. These
salts can easily be prepared by treating the corresponding acidic
compounds with an aqueous solution containing the desired
pharmacologically acceptable cations, and then evaporating the
resulting solution to dryness, preferably under reduced pressure.
Alternatively, they may also be prepared by mixing lower alkanolic
solutions of the acidic compounds and the desired alkali metal
alkoxide together, and then evaporating the resulting solution to
dryness in the same manner as before. In either case,
stoichiometric quantities of reagents are preferably employed in
order to ensure completeness of reaction and maximum product
yields.
[0248] Compounds of the formula I and their pharmaceutically
acceptable salts (hereinafter also referred to, collectively, as
"the active compounds") are useful psychotherapeutics and are
potent agonists and/or antagonists of the serotonin 1A
(5-HT.sub.1A) and/or serotonin 1D (5-HT.sub.1D) receptors. The
active compounds are useful in the treatment of hypertension, all
forms of depression (e., depression in cancer patients, depression
in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial infarction depression,
subsyndromal symptomatic depression, depression in infertile women,
pediatric depression, major depressive disorder, single episode
depression, recurrent depression, child abuse induced depression,
post partum depression, dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe
depressions with or without atypical features, melancholic
features, psychotic features, catatonic features; seasonal
affective disorder, geriatric depression, chronic depression;
adjustment disorder with depressed mood or with anxiety and
depressed mood; mixed anxiety and depression; substance induced
mood disorder; and mood disorder secondary to a general medical
condition), bipolar disorder (including in the depressed phase),
generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, separation anxiety
disorder, phobias (e.g., agoraphobia, social phobia and simple
phobias), posttraumatic stress syndrome, avoidant personality
disorder, premature ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge
eating disorder, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity,
chemical dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine,
heroin, phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines),
cluster headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease,
obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder with and without
agoraphobia; memory disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders,
and age-related cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases
(e.g., dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced
parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g.,
hyperprolactinaemia), vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral
vasculature), cerebellar ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders
(involving changes in motility and secretion), negative symptoms of
schizophrenia, premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress
incontinence, Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania,
male impotence, cancer (e.g., small cell lung carcinoma), chronic
paroxysmal hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular
disorders) autism, pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's
disorder, selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder,
somatization disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder,
pyromania, pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder,
premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
[0249] The affinities of the compounds of this invention for the
various serotonin-1 receptors can be determined using standard
radioligand binding assays as described in the literature. The
5-HT.sub.1A affinity can be measured using the procedure of Hoyer
et al. (Brain Res., 376, 85 (1986)). The 5-HT.sub.1D affinity can
be measured using the procedure of Heuring and Peroutka (J.
Neurosci., 7, 894 (1987)).
[0250] The in vitro activity of the compounds of the present
invention at the 5-HT.sub.1D binding site may be determined
according to the following procedure. Bovine caudate tissue is
homogenized and suspended in 20 volumes of a buffer containing 50
mM TRIS.hydrochloride (tris[hydroxymethyl]aminomethane
hydrochloride) at a pH of 7.7. The homogenate is then centrifuged
at 45,000 G for 10 minutes. The supernatant is then discarded and
the resulting pellet resuspended in approximately 20 volumes of 50
mM TRIS.hydrochloride buffer at pH 7.7. This suspension is then
pre-incubated for 15 minutes at 37.degree. C., after which the
suspension is centrifuged again at 45,000 G for 10 minutes and the
supernatant discarded. The resulting pellet (approximately 1 gram)
is resuspended in 150 ml of a buffer of 15 mM TRIS.hydrochloride
containing 0.01 percent ascorbic acid with a final pH of 7.7 and
also containing 10 .mu.M pargyline and 4 mM calcium chloride
(CaCl.sub.2). The suspension is kept on ice at least 30 minutes
prior to use.
[0251] The inhibitor, control or vehicle is then incubated
according to the following procedure. To 50 .mu.l of a 20 percent
dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/80 percent distilled water solution is
added 200 .mu.l of tritiated 5-hydroxytryptamine (2 nM) in a buffer
of 50 mM TRISehydrochloride containing 0.01 percent ascorbic acid
at pH 7.7 and also containing 10 .mu.M pargyline and 4 .mu.M
calcium chloride, plus 100 nM of 8-hydroxy-DPAT
(dipropylaminotetraline) and 100 nM of mesulergine. To this mixture
is added 750 .mu.l of bovine caudate tissue, and the resulting
suspension is vortexed to ensure a homogenous suspension. The
suspension is then incubated in a shaking water bath for 30 minutes
at 25.degree. C. After incubation is complete, the suspension is
filtered using glass fiber filters (e.g., Whatman
GF/B-filters.TM.). The pellet is then washed three times with 4 ml
of a buffer of 50 mM TRIS.hydrochloride at pH 7.7. The pellet is
then placed in a scintillation vial with 5 ml of scintillation
fluid (aquasol 2 .TM.) and allowed to sit overnight. The percent
inhibition can be calculated for each dose of the compound. An
IC.sub.50 value can then be calculated from the percent inhibition
values.
[0252] The activity of the compounds of the present invention for
5-HT.sub.1A binding ability can be determined according to the
following procedure. Rat brain cortex tissue is homogenized and
divided into samples of 1 gram lots and diluted with 10 volumes of
0.32 M sucrose solution. The suspension is then centrifuged at 900
G for 10 minutes and the supernate separated and recentrifuged at
70,000 G for 15 minutes. The supernate is discarded and the pellet
re-suspended in 10 volumes of 15 mM TRIS.hydrochloride at pH 7.5.
The suspension is allowed to incubate for 15 minutes at 37.degree.
C. After pre-incubation is complete, the suspension is centrifuged
at 70,OOOG for 15 minutes and the supernate discarded. The
resulting tissue pellet is resuspended in a buffer of 50 mM
TRIS.hydrochloride at pH 7.7 containing 4 mM of calcium chloride
and 0.01 percent ascorbic acid. The tissue is stored at -70.degree.
C. until ready for an experiment. The tissue can be thawed
immediately prior to use, diluted with 10 .mu.m pargyline and kept
on ice.
[0253] The tissue is then incubated according to the following
procedure. Fifty microliters of control, inhibitor, or vehicle (1
percent DMSO final concentration) is prepared at various dosages.
To this solution is added 200.mu.l of tritiated DPAT at a
concentration of 1.5 nM in a buffer of 50 mM TRIS.hydrochloride at
pH 7.7 containing 4 mM calcium chloride, 0.01 percent ascorbic acid
and pargyline. To this solution is then added 750 .mu.l of tissue
and the resulting suspension is vortexed to ensure homogeneity. The
suspension is then incubated in a shaking water bath for 30 minutes
at 37.degree. C. The solution is then filtered, washed twice with 4
ml of 10 mM TRIS.hydrochloride at pH 7.5 containing 154 mM of
sodium chloride. The percent inhibition is calculated for each dose
of the compound, control or vehicle. IC.sub.50 values are
calculated from the percent inhibition values.
[0254] The compounds of formula I of the present invention
described in the following Examples were assayed for 5-HT.sub.1A
and 5-HT.sub.1D affinity using the aforementioned procedures. All
such compounds of the invention that were tested exhibited
IC.sub.50's less than 0.60 .mu.M for 5-HT.sub.1D affinity and
IC.sub.50's less than 1.0 .mu.M for 5-HT.sub.1A affinity.
[0255] The agonist and antagonist activities of the compounds of
the invention at 5-HT.sub.1A and 5-HT.sub.1D receptors can be
determined using a single saturating concentration according to the
following procedure. Male Hartley guinea pigs are decapitated and
5-HT.sub.1A receptors are dissected out of the hippocampus, while
5-HT.sub.1D receptors are obtained by slicing at 350 mM on a
McIlwain tissue chopper and dissecting out the substantia nigra
from the appropriate slices. The individual tissues are homogenized
in 5 mM HEPES buffer containing 1 mM EGTA (pH 7.5) using a
hand-held glass-Teflon.RTM. homogenizer and centrifuged at
35,000.times. g for 10 minutes at 4.degree. C. The pellets are
resuspended in 100 mM HEPES buffer containing 1 mM EGTA (pH 7.5) to
a final protein concentration of 20 mg (hippocampus) or 5 mg
(substantia nigra) of protein per tube. The following agents are
added so that the reaction mix in each tube contained 2.0 mM
MgCI.sub.2, 0.5 mM ATP, 1.0 mM cAMP, 0.5 mM IBMX, 10 mM
phosphocreatine, 0.31 mg/mL creatine phosphokinase, 100 .mu.M GTP
and 0.5-1 microcuries of [.sup.32P]-ATP (30 Ci/mmol: NEG-003--New
England Nuclear). Incubation is initiated by the addition of tissue
to siliconized microfuge tubes (in triplicate) at 30.degree. C. for
15 minutes. Each tube receives 20 .mu.L tissue, 10 .mu.L drug or
buffer (at 10.times. final concentration), 10 .mu.L 32 nM agonist
or buffer (at 10.times. final concentration), 20 .mu.L forskolin (3
.mu.M final concentration) and 40 .mu.L of the preceding reaction
mix. Incubation is terminated by the addition of 100 .mu.L 2% SDS,
1.3 mM cAMP, 45 mM ATP solution containing 40,000 dpm
[.sup.3H]-cAMP (30 Ci/mmol: NET-275--New England Nuclear) to
monitor the recovery of cAMP from the columns. The separation of
[.sup.32P]-ATP and [.sup.32P]-cAMP is accomplished using the method
of Salomon et al., Analytical Biochemistry, 1974, 58, 541-548.
Radioactivity is quantified by liquid scintillation counting.
Maximal inhibition is defined by 10 .mu.M (R)-8-OH-DPAT for
5-HT.sub.1A receptors, and 320 nM 5-HT for 5-HT.sub.1D receptors.
Percent inhibitions by the test compounds are then calculated in
relation to the inhibitory effect of (R)-8-OH-DPAT for 5-HT.sub.1A
receptors or 5-HT for 5-HT.sub.1D receptors. The reversal of
agonist induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate
cyclase activity is calculated in relation to the 32 nM agonist
effect.
[0256] The compounds of the invention can be tested for in vivo
activity for antagonism of 5-HT.sub.1D agonist-induced hypothermia
in guinea pigs according to the following procedure.
[0257] Male Hartley guinea pigs from Charles River, weighing
250-275 grams on arrival and 300-600 grams at testing, serve as
subjects in the experiment. The guinea pigs are housed under
standard laboratory conditions on a 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. lighting
schedule for at least seven days prior to experimentation. Food and
water are available ad libitum until the time of testing.
[0258] The compounds of the invention can be administered as
solutions in a volume of 1 ml/kg. The vehicle used is varied
depending on compound solubility. Test compounds are typically
administered either sixty minutes orally (p.o.) or 0 minutes
subcutaneously (s.c.) prior to a 5-HT.sub.1D agonist, such as
[3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indol--
5-yl]-(3-nitropyridin-3-yl)-amine, which can be prepared as
described in PCT publication WO93/11106, published Jun. 10, 1993
which is administered at a dose of 5.6 mg/kg, s.c. Before a first
temperature reading is taken, each guinea pig is placed in a clear
plastic shoe box containing wood chips and a metal grid floor and
allowed to acclimate to the surroundings for 30 minutes. Animals
are then returned to the same shoe box after each temperature
reading. Prior to each temperature measurement each animal is
firmly held with one hand for a 30-second period. A digital
thermometer with a small animal probe is used for temperature
measurements. The probe is made of semi-flexible nylon with an
epoxy tip. The temperature probe is inserted 6 cm. into the rectum
and held there for 30 seconds or until a stable recording is
obtained. Temperatures are then recorded.
[0259] In p.o. screening experiments, a "pre-drug" baseline
temperature reading is made at -90 minutes, the test compound is
given at -60 minutes and an additional -30 minute reading is taken.
The 5-HT.sub.1D agonist is then administered at 0 minutes and
temperatures are taken 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes later.
[0260] In subcutaneous screening experiments, a pre-drug baseline
temperature reading is made at -30 minutes. The test compound and
5-HT.sub.1D agonists are given concurrently and temperatures are
taken at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes later.
[0261] Data are analyzed with two-way analysis of variants with
repeated measures in Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis.
[0262] The active compounds of the invention can be evaluated as
anti-migraine agents by testing the extent to which they mimic
sumatriptan in contracting the dog isolated saphenous vein strip
(P. P. A. Humphrey et al., Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 1128 (1988)).
This effect can be blocked by methiothepin, a known serotonin
antagonist. Sumatriptan is known to be useful in the treatment of
migraine and produces a selective increase in carotid vascular
resistance in the anesthetized dog. The pharmacological basis of
sumatriptan efficacy has been discussed in W. Fenwick et al., Br.
J. Pharmacol., 96, 83 (1989).
[0263] The serotonin 5-HT.sub.1 agonist activity can be determined
by the in vitro receptor binding assays, as described for the
5-HT.sub.1A receptor using rat cortex as the receptor source and
[.sup.3H]-8-OH-DPAT as the radioligand (D. Hoyer et al. Eur. J.
Pharm., 118, 13 (1985)) and as described for the 5-HTlD receptor
using bovine caudate as the receptor source and [.sup.3H]serotonin
as the radioligand (R. E. Heuring and S. J. Peroutka, J.
Neuroscience, 7, 894 (1987)). Of the active compounds tested, all
exhibited an IC.sub.50 in either assay of 1 .mu.M or less.
[0264] The compounds of formula I may advantageously be used in
conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for
instance, different antidepressant agents such as tricyclic
antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, dothiepin, doxepin,
trimipramine, butripyline, clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine,
iprindole, lofepramine, nortriptyline or protriptyline), monoamine
oxidase inhibitors (e.g., isocarboxazid, phenelzine or
tranylcyclopramine) or 5-HT re-uptake inhibitors (e.g.,
fluvoxamine, sertraline, fluoxetine or paroxetine), and/or with
antiparkinsonian agents such as dopaminergic antiparkinsonian
agents (e.g., levodopa, preferably in combination with a peripheral
decarboxylase inhibitor e.g., benserazide or carbidopa, or with a
dopamine agonist e.g., bromocriptine, lysuride or pergolide). It is
to be understood that the present invention covers the use of a
compound of general formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable
salt or solvate thereof in combination with one or more other
therapeutic agents.
[0265] Compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof, in combination with a 5-HT re-uptake
inhibitor (e.g., fluvoxamine, sertraline, fluoxetine or
paroxetine), preferably sertraline, or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt or polymorph thereof (the combination of a compound
of formula I with a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor is referred herein to
as "the active combination"), are useful psychotherapeutics and may
be used in the treatment of disorders the treatment of which is
facilitated by enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission (e.g.,
hypertension, all forms of depression (e.g., depression in cancer
patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, postmyocardial
infarction depression, subsyndromal symptomatic depression,
depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major
depressive disorder, single episode depression, recurrent
depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression,
dysthymia; mild, moderate, or severe depressions with or without
atypical features, melancholic features, psychotic features,
catatonic features; seasonal affective disorder, geriatric
depression, chronic depression; adjustment disorder with depressed
mood or with anxiety and depressed mood; mixed anxiety and
depression; substance induced mood disorder; and mood disorder
secondary to a general medical condition), bipolar disorder
(including in the depressed phase), generalized anxiety disorder,
social anxiety, separation anxiety disorder, phobias (e.g.,
agoraphobia, social phobia and simple phobias), posttraumatic
stress syndrome, avoidant personality disorder, premature
ejaculation, eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder,
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), obesity, chemical
dependencies (e.g., addictions to alcohol, cocaine, heroin,
phenobarbital, marijuana, nicotine and benzodiazepines), cluster
headache, migraine, pain, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive
disorder; panic disorder with and without agoraphobia; memory
disorders (e.g., dementia, amnestic disorders, and age-related
cognitive decline (ARCD)), Parkinson's diseases (e.g., dementia in
Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive
dyskinesias), endocrine disorders (e.g., hyperprolactinaemia),
vasospasm (particularly in the cerebral vasculature), cerebellar
ataxia, gastrointestinal tract disorders (involving changes in
motility and secretion), negative symptoms of schizophrenia,
premenstrual syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, stress incontinence,
Tourette's syndrome, trichotillomania, kleptomania, male impotence,
cancer (e.g. small cell lung carcinoma), chronic paroxysmal
hemicrania, headache (associated with vascular disorders) autism,
pervasive developmental disorder NOS, Asperger's disorder,
selective mutism, chronic motor or vocal tic disorder, somatization
disorder, insomnia, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania,
pathological gambling, impulse-control disorder, premenstrual
dysphoric disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD)).
[0266] Serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitors, preferably
sertraline, exhibit positive activity against depression; chemical
dependencies; anxiety disorders including panic disorder,
generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, simple phobias, social
phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder; obsessive-compulsive
disorder; avoidant personality disorder and premature ejaculation
in mammals, including humans, due in part to their ability to block
the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin.
[0267] U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,518 describes the synthesis,
pharmaceutical composition and use of sertraline for depression and
is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0268] Activity of the active combination as antidepressants and
related pharmacological properties can be determined by methods
(1)-(4) below, which are described in Koe, B. et al., Journal of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 226 (3), 686-700
(1983). Specifically, activity can be determined by studying (1)
their ability to affect the efforts of mice to escape from a
swim-tank (Porsolt mouse "behavior despair" test), (2) their
ability to potentiate 5-hydroxytryptophan-induc- ed behavioral
symptoms in mice in vivo, (3) their ability to antagonize the
serotonin-depleting activity of p-chloroamphetamine hydrochloride
in rat brain in vivo, and (4) their ability to block the uptake of
serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine by synaptosomal rat brain
cells in vitro. The ability of the active combination to counteract
reserpine hypothermia in mice in vivo can be determined according
to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,029,731.
[0269] The compositions of the present invention may be formulated
in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers. Thus, the active compounds of the invention
may be formulated for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e.g.,
intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal
administration or in a form suitable for administration by
inhalation or insufflation.
[0270] For oral administration, the pharmaceutical compositions may
take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by
conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such
as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch,
polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers
(e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate);
lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica);
disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or
wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate). The tablets may be
coated by methods well known in the art. Liquid preparations for
oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions,
syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product
for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with
pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents
(e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible
fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous
vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and
preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic
acid).
[0271] For buccal administration, the composition may take the form
of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
[0272] The active compounds of the invention may be formulated for
parenteral administration by injection, including using
conventional catheterization techniques or infusion. Formulations
for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in
ampules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or
emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating
agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for
reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free
water, before use.
[0273] The active compounds of the invention may also be formulated
in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas,
e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa
butter or other glycerides.
[0274] For intranasal administration or administration by
inhalation, the active compounds of the invention are conveniently
delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray
container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an
aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a
nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, eg.,
dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,
dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In
the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be
determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. The
pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a solution or
suspension of the active compound. Capsules and cartridges (made,
for example, from gelatin) for use in an inhaler or insufflator may
be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound of the
invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
[0275] A proposed dose of the active compounds of the invention for
oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult
human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above (e.g.,
depression) is 0.1 to 200 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose
which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
[0276] Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions
referred to above (e.g., migraine) in the average adult human are
preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff" of aerosol
contains 20 .mu.g to 1000 .mu.g of the compound of the invention.
The overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range 10
.mu.g to 10 mg. Administration may be several times daily, for
example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses
each time.
[0277] In connection with the use of an active compound of this
invention with a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline,
for the treatment of subjects possessing any of the above
conditions, it is to be noted that these compounds may be
administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically
acceptable carriers by either of the routes previously indicated,
and that such administration can be carried out in both single and
multiple dosages. More particularly, the active combination can be
administered in a wide variety of different dosage forms, i.e.,
they may be combined with various pharmaceutically-acceptabl- e
inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches,
hard candies, powders, sprays, aqueous suspension, injectable
solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Such carriers include
solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various
non-toxic organic solvents, etc. Moreover, such oral pharmaceutical
formulations can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored by means of
various agents of the type commonly employed for such purposes. In
general, the compounds of formula I are present in such dosage
forms at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 90%
by weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are
sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage and a 5-HT re-uptake
inhibitor, preferably sertraline, is present in such dosage forms
at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 90% by
weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are
sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage.
[0278] A proposed daily dose of an active compound of this
invention in the combination formulation (a formulation containing
an active compound of this invention and a 5-HT re-uptake
inhibitor) for oral, parenteral, rectal or buccal administration to
the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions
referred to above is from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg,
preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active
ingredient of formula I per unit dose which could be administered,
for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
[0279] A proposed daily dose of a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor,
preferably sertraline, in the combination formulation for oral,
parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for
the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.1
mg to about 2000 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg of
the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor per unit dose which could be
administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
[0280] A preferred dose ratio of sertraline to an active compound
of this invention in the combination formulation for oral,
parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for
the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about
0.00005 to about 20,000, preferably from about 0.25 to about
2,000.
[0281] Aerosol combination formulations for treatment of the
conditions referred to above in the average adult human are
preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff" of aerosol
contains from about 0.01 .mu.g to about 100 mg of the active
compound of this invention, preferably from about 1 .mu.g to about
10 mg of such compound. Administration may be several times daily,
for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses
each time.
[0282] Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions
referred to above in the average adult human are preferably
arranged so that each metered dose or "puff" of aerosol contains
from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg of a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor,
preferably sertraline, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg
of sertraline. Administration may be several times daily, for
example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses
each time.
[0283] As previously indicated, a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor,
preferably sertraline, in combination with compounds of formula I
are readily adapted to therapeutic use as antidepressant agents. In
general, these antidepressant compositions containing a 5-HT
re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, and a compound of
formula I are normally administered in dosages ranging from about
0.01 mg to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of a 5-HT
re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, preferably from about
0.1 mg. to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of sertraline;
with from about 0.001 mg. to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per
day of a compound of formula I, preferably from about 0.01 mg to
about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of a compound of formula
I, although variations will necessarily occur depending upon the
conditions of the subject being treated and the particular route of
administration chosen.
EXAMPLES
[0284] The following Examples illustrate the preparation of the
compounds of the present invention. Melting points are uncorrected.
NMR data are reported in parts per million (d) and are referenced
to the deuterium lock signal from the sample solvent
(deuteriochloroform unless otherwise specified). Specific rotations
were measured at room temperature using the sodium D line (589 nm).
Commercial reagents were utilized without further purification. THF
refers to tetrahydrofuran. DMF refers to N,N-dimethylformamide.
Chromatography refers to column chromatography performed using
32-63 mm silica gel and executed under nitrogen pressure (flash
chromatography) conditions. Room or ambient temperature refers to
20-25.degree. C. All non-aqueous reactions were run under a
nitrogen atmosphere for convenience and to maximize yields.
Concentration at reduced pressure means that a rotary evaporator
was used.
Example 1
3-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imidazolidin-
e-2,4-dione
[0285] Under a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask, sodium
hydride (43 mg, 1.07 mmol, 60% oil dispersion) was washed with
hexanes and then treated with tetrahydrofuran (THF) (8 mL),
followed by 3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (235 mg,
1.04 mmol) and 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde (209 mg,
1.02 mmol), and an additional 2 mL of THF. After refluxing the
mixture overnight, the solvent was removed and the residue was
treated with aqueous ammonium chloride and aqueous sodium
bicarbonate to a pH of 8, then extracted with methylene chloride.
The organic extracts were washed with aqueous sodium chloride,
dried and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow foam. The foam was
crystallized from hot ethyl acetate: hexanes to give a solid, 240
mg (57%).
[0286] M.p. 185-187.degree. C. Mass spectrum: 411 (M.sub.+1).
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3) d 9.45 (1H, s), 7.37-7.24 (4H, m),
7.16-7.09 (2H, m), 6.72 (1H, s), 4.72 (2H, s), 3.02 (4H, br s),
2.34 (3H, 2). Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.22H.sub.23N.sub.4O.sub.2Cl.0.5H.sub.2O: C.sub.62.93, H 5.76,
N 13.34. Found: C 63.33, H 5.58, N 13.58.
[0287] The following examples were prepared by an analogous
procedure to that of Example 1, except where indicated.
Example 2
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-imidazolidin-
e-2,4-dione
[0288] M.p. 193-193.5.degree. C. Mass spectrum 397 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.21H.sub.21N.sub.4O.sub.2Cl.0.5 CH.sub.3CN: C.sub.63.31, H
5.43, N 15.10. Found: C.sub.62.93, H 5.50, N 15.10.
Example 3
3-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-
-2,4-dione hydrochloride hydrate
[0289] M.p. 240-242.degree. C. Mass spectrum 428 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.22H.sub.22N.sub.3O.sub.2SCl.HCl.0.25 H.sub.2O: C.sub.56.35, H
5.05, N 8.96. Found: C.sub.56.18, H 5.03, N 8.70.
Example 4
4-Benzyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0290] M.p. 106-108.degree. C. Mass spectrum 394 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for C.sub.23H.sub.27N.sub.3OS:
C.sub.70.20, H 6.91, N 10.68. Found: C.sub.70.19, H 6.99, N 10.72.
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3) d 8.10 (1H, s), 7.64 (1H, dd), 7.53-7.26
(6H, m), 7.08-6.97 (2H, m), 4.80 (2H, s), 3.69 (2H, sym m), 3.01
(4H, t), 2.88 (2H, sym m), 2.63 (4H, br s), 2.38 (3H, s).
Example 5
4-(3,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorp-
holin-3-one Hydrochloride Dihydrate
[0291] M.p. 90-115.degree. C. Mass spectrum 462 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.23H.sub.25N.sub.3OSCl.sub.2.HCl.2 H.sub.2O: C.sub.51.64, H
5.65, N 7.86. Found: C.sub.51.83, H 5.76, N 7.64.
Example 6
5-[2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione
Hemihydrate
[0292] Yellow solid, m.p. 105.degree. C. (dec.). Mass spectrum 304
(M.sup.+1). Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.15H.sub.17N.sub.3O.su- b.2S.0.5 H.sub.2O: C.sub.57.67, H
5.81, N 13.45. Found: C.sub.57.81, H 6.48, N 13.20. .sup.1H-NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) d 8.05 (1H, s), 7.68 (1H, d), 7.36 (1H, dt),
7.12-7.03 (2H, m), 3.12-3.02 (5H, m), 2.71 (4H, brs), 2.41 (3H,
s).
Example 7
3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiazolidine-
-2.4-dione Hydrochloride Hemihydrate
[0293] Under a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask, a
mixture of 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (158 mg, 0.694
mmol), 2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde (142 mg, 0.694
mmol) and sodium acetate (171 mg, 2.08 mmol) in 1 mL of glacial
acetic acid was heated to reflux for approximately 6 hours and
cooled to room temperature. Saturated aqueous sodium carbonate
(Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) was added until the pH was about 10 and the
mixture was extracted several times with methylene chloride. The
organic layers were washed with brine, saturated sodium chloride,
dried and evaporated to a brown solid which was recrystallized from
ethyl acetate.
[0294] M.p. 187-189.degree. C. Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.21H.sub.20N.sub.3O.sub.2ClS: C.sub.60.94, H 4.87, N 10.15.
Found: C60.57, H4.95, N 10.00.
[0295] The above compound (56 mg) was treated with diethyl ether
saturated with hydrogen chloride gas and the product was
recrystallized from hot ethanol to yield 3-(4-ch
lorophenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyl-
idene]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride hemihydrate as a solid,
54 mg, m.p. 254-258.degree. C.
[0296] Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.21H.sub.20N.sub.3O.sub.2ClS- .HCl.0.5 H.sub.2O: C.sub.54.90,
H 4.83, N 9.15. Found: C.sub.55.07, H 5.01, N 8.78. .sup.1 H-NMR
(DMSO-d6) d 10.84 (1H, br s), 7.60 (2H, d), 7.52-7.45 (4H, m), 7.24
(2H, t), 3.53-3.05 (8H, m), 2.80 (3H, s).
[0297] The following examples were prepared by an analogous
procedure to that of Example 7, except as indicated.
Example 8
3-(4-[Trifluoromethyl]-phenyl)-5-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]--
thiazolidine-2,4-dione Hydrochloride Dihydrate
[0298] M.p. 159-177.degree. C. Mass spectrum 448 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.22H.sub.20N.sub.3O.sub.2SF.sub.3.HCl.2 H.sub.2O: C.sub.50.82,
H 4.85, N 8.08. Found: C.sub.51.04, H 4.66, N 8.01.
Example 9
2-[2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-thi-
omorpholin-3-one Hydrochloride Trihydrate
[0299] M.p. 128-134.degree. C. Mass spectrum 448 (M.sup.+1).
.sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz) d 10.66 (1H, brs), 7.79-(1 H,
s), 7.76 (2H, d), 7.66 (1H, d), 7.61 (2H, d), 7.34 (1H, t),
7.15-7.10 (2H, m), 4.14 (2H, m), 3.43 (2H, br s), 3.22 (2H, m),
3.21-3.00 (6H, m), 2.78 (3H, s).
Example 10
2-[2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0300] Sodium hydride (930 mg, 23.3 mmol of 60% oil dispersion) was
washed with hexanes under a nitrogen atmosphere and suspended in
100 mL of anhydrous THF. Thiomorpholin-3-one (1.0 g, 8.55 mmol) was
added, followed immediately by
2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde (1.58 g., 7.75 mmol). The
reaction was then heated to reflux overnight, cooled to room
temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in
methylene chloride and washed with aqueous ammonium chloride
(NH.sub.4CI) and saturated brine and then dried with MgSO.sub.4.
Purification using flash chromatography gave
2-{hydroxy-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1yl)phenyl]-me-
thyl}-thiomorpholin-3-one as a white solid, m.p. 137-139.degree. C.
Mass spectrum 322 A mixture of 190 mg (0.6 mmol) of the preceding
intermediate in 25 mL of toluene was treated with 135 mg (0.71
mmol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid and refluxed overnight with a
Dean-Stark condenser to collect the water which azeotroped. After
cooling, the solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in
methylene chloride, washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate
(Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) and saturated brine, dried with magnesium
sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to a brown foam. The free base
was crystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to yield a crystalline
solid.
[0301] M.p. 133-135.degree. C.; mass spectrum 304 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for C.sub.16H.sub.21N.sub.3OS:
C.sub.63.34, H 6.98, N 13.85. Found: C.sub.63.17, H 7.12, N
13.67.
[0302] The following examples were prepared by an analogous
procedure to Example 10, except where indicated.
Example 11
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-fluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-
-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0303] M.p. 146-147.degree. C. Mass spectrum 466 (M.sup.+1),
468.
Example 12
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-morpholi-
n-3-one
[0304] M.p. 169-171.degree. C. (decomp.). Mass spectrum 432
(M.sup.+), 434, 436.
Example 13
2-[2,4-Dibromo-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-4-(3.4-dichlorophen-
yl)-thiomorpholin-3-one.
[0305] M.p. 166-168.degree. C. Mass spectrum 607 (M.sup.+1).
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.22H.sub.21N.sub.3OSBr.sub.2: C.sub.43.59, H 3.49, N 6.93.
Found: C.sub.43.56, H 3.25, N 6.89.
Example 14
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorp-
holin-3-one
[0306] M.p. 171-173.degree. C. Mass spectrum 448 (M.sup.+1).
[0307] Converting to the hydrochloride salt, using 1.0M HCl in
ether, and recrystallizing from isopropanol gave pale yellow
crystals. M.p. 155-157.degree. C. Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.22H.sub.23N.sub.3OSCl.sub.2.HCl.1.5H.sub.2O: C.sub.51.62, H
5.32, N 8.21. Found: C.sub.51.81, H 5.02, N 8.45. UV max 331
nm.
Example 15
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzyl-thiomorpholin--
3-one Hydrochloride Trihydrate
[0308] A slurry of
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-b-
enzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one in (201 mg, 0.5 mmol) 3 mL of
anhydrous methanol (3 ml) was treated with samarium iodide
(SmI.sub.2) (15 ml of 0.1 m) in THF (Aldrich Chemical Co.,
Milwaukee, Wis.) and stirred overnight at room temperature under a
nitrogen atmosphere. An additional 5 mL of SmI.sub.2 solution was
added and, after an additional one hour, the solvent was removed in
vacuo and the residue was flash chromatographed using ethyl
acetate/methanol to elute the free base of the product. The
hydrochloride salt was prepared, using 1.0M HCl in ether, to
produce a light tan solid.
[0309] M.p. 105-110.degree. C. (foam). Elemental analysis
calculated for C.sub.22H.sub.25N.sub.3OSCl.sub.2.HCl.3 H.sub.2O: C
48.85, H 5.96, N 7.77. Found: C.sub.48.95, H 5.58, N 7.51.
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz, free base) d 7.45-7.41 (2H, m),
7.17-7.13 (2H, m), 7.06 (1H, t), 4.16 (1H, m), 4.00-3.86 (2H, m),
3.53 (1H, dd), 3.10-2.95 (7H, m), 2.61 (4H, brs), 2.37 (3H, s).
Example 16
4-Methyl-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one
Hydrochloride Hemihydrate
[0310] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, sodium hydride (49 mg, 1.24
mmol, 60% oil dispersion) was washed with hexanes and layered with
6 mL of anhydrous THF. After cooling to 0.degree. C.,
2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-y- l)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one
(250 mg, 0.825 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30
min. To the resulting solution was added iodomethane (62 mL, 0.99
mmol), followed 15 minutes later by an additional 10 mL of
iodomethane. After 30 min., the solvent was removed in vacuo and
the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and washed with
aqueous ammonium chloride and aqueous brine. After drying, the
solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash
chromatography. The free base was converted into the hydrochloride
salt as described in Example 15 to produce the title product as a
pale yellow solid.
[0311] M.p. 236-238.degree. C. Mass spectrum 318 (M.sup.+1).
.sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6+D.sub.2O, 400 MHz) d 7.70 (1H, s), 7.48
(1H, d), 7.30 (1H, t), 7.11-7.04 (2H, m), 3.69 (2H, br s),
3.55-3.30 (2H, br s), 3.29-3.02 (4H, m), 2.97 (3H, s), 2.90 (4H, br
s), 2.79 (3H, s). Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.17H.sub.23N.sub.3OS.HCl.0.5 H.sub.2O: C.sub.56.26, H 6.94, N
11.58. Found: C.sub.56.22, H 7.11, N 11.37.
Example 17
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(2-piperazin-1-ylbenzylidene)-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0312] Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2--
[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one (338
mg, 0.756 mmol) in 9 mL of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane was treated
with a-chloroethyl chloroformate (98 mL 0.907 mmol) and refluxed
overnight. The solvent was then removed in vacuo and 10 mL of
methanol was added and refluxed for 30 minutes. Following removal
of the solvent, the residue was extracted into methylene chloride
and washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate
(Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) and saturated brine, dried with magnesium
sulfate and concentrated to a foam. Flash chromatography using
triethyl amine/methanol/ethyl acetate (1:2:97) gave the purified
free base of the title compound.
[0313] M.p. 198-200.degree. C. Mass spectrum 434 (M.sup.+1), 436.
Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.21H.sub.21N.sub.3OSCl.sub.2: C.sub.58.07, H 4.87, N 9.67.
Found: C.sub.57.93, H 4.71, N 9.43.
[0314] Conversion to the hydrochloride salt using 1 M HCl in
CH.sub.3OH, followed by recrystallization from isopropanol, gave a
crystalline solid, m.p. 154-155.degree. C.
Example 18
Biosynthesis of
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-oxy-4-methyl4-piperazin-1-y-
l)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0315]
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-t-
hiomorpholin-3-one (10.mu.M) was incubated in the presence of
microsomes from human liver (2 mg/mL) and 1 mM NADPH for a period
of 30 minutes. Incubations were performed in triplicate with an
incubation volume of 5 mL. The reaction was stopped with an equal
volume (5 mL) of 0.1M Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, pH 11. Methyl-tert-butyl
ether (MTBE, 10 mL) was added to each metabolite mixture. The
mixture was vortexed for 10 minutes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for
10 minutes. After freezing the aqueous layer in an acetone/dry ice
bath, the supernatant was transferred to amber vials and evaporated
under a stream of nitrogen. The evaporated metabolite mixture was
submitted for LC-NMR and LC/MS/MS analysis.
[0316] Two samples of the metabolite mixture were used to
characterize the title compound. One of these samples was dissolved
in approximately 150 .mu.L of CD.sub.3OD and buffer. 80.mu.L of
this solution was analyzed under the following LC-NMR conditions:
Luna C.sub.8(2) 5pm 3.2.times.150 mm column using a gradient mobile
phase of (0.1% TFA-d in D.sub.2O)-(ACN-d.sub.3) 80-20 to 40-60 over
40 minutes at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, 330 nm UV detection. The
peak at 26.22 minutes was captured in the NMR using the loop
storage method. LC/MS analysis run by drug metabolism under the
same conditions (with protonated solvent instead of deuterated)
indicated that this peak had a molecular weight 16 mass units
greater than the parent compound and hence was title metabolite
compound. A proton spectrum was obtained and compared to a proton
spectrum of the citrate salt of the parent compound,
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-methy-
lpiperazin-1-yl)-benzylidene]-thiomorpholin-3-one, obtained in the
mobile phase.
[0317] There is a downfield shift in the N-methyl resonance from
2.82 ppm in the parent compound to 3.51 ppm in the metabolite that
is consistent with an N-oxide formation. All other changes to the
spectrum can be explained without invoking structure modifications
to the molecule.
[0318] Since the original LCIMSIMS data indicated there was an
increase of 16 mass units greater than the parent compound (m/z=464
M+H.sup.+), it was concluded that the compound made must be the
N-oxide. .sup.1H-NMR (0.1% TFA-d in D.sub.2O-ACN-d.sub.3, 500 MHz)
.delta. 7.78 (1H), 7.62 (1H), 7.59(IH), 7.54(1H), 7.38(1H),
7.26(1H), 7.1-7.2 (2H), 7.1-7.2 (1H), 4.04(2H), 3.51(3H), 3.38,
3.68, and 3.81(8H), 3.12(2H).
Example 19
10-[4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-oxo-thiomorpholin-2-yl]-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro--
pyrazino[1,2-alindol-2-ium ("Indolinium")
[0319] Two similar samples of the in-vitro biotransformation as
prepared in Example 18 were used to characterize the title
compound. These samples were dissolved in a total of .about.135
.mu.L of CD.sub.3OD/DMSO-d.sub.6/- buffer. 100 .mu.L of this
material was analyzed under the following LC-NMR conditions: Luna
C.sub.8(2) 5.mu.m 3.2.times.150 mm column using a gradient mobile
phase of (0.1% TFA-d in D.sub.2O)-(ACN-d.sub.3) 70-30 to 65-35 over
40 minutes at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, 330nm UV detection. The
peak of interest at 19.77 minutes was captured in the NMR probe
using the loop storage method. A proton and gCOSY spectrum were
obtained and compared to a proton and gCOSY spectrum obtained on
the citrate salt of the parent compound.
[0320] By inspection of the measured spectra, it is clear that
there has been a major change to the metabolite from the parent
compound. There is a shift in the N-methyl resonance from 2.82 ppm
to 3.69 ppm, indicative of a positive charge on the N-methyl
nitrogen, such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Also, there are two
new singlet resonances: one significantly downfield at 9.02 ppm,
the other in the olefinic region at 5.68 ppm. In addition, the
singlet at 7.79 ppm has disappeared. The title compound structure
is consistent with the proton and COSY spectrum as well as with the
mass spectrum and UV-vis spectra.
[0321] UV max 358nm. LC/MS m/z of 444. .sup.1H-NMR (0.1% TFA-d in
D.sub.2O-ACN-d.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 9.02 (1H), 7.88 (1H),
7.5-7.62 (4H), 7.31 (1H), 7.25 (1H), 5.68 (1H), 4.45 (2H),
4.19/4.23 (2H), 4.15 (2H), 3.69 (3H), 3.30 (2H).
Preparation 1
2-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde
[0322] This compound was prepared using the methods of W. Nijhuis
et al, Synthesis, 641-645 (1987) or J. Watthey et al, Journal of
Medicinal Chemistry, 26, 1116-1122 (1983).
[0323] In the same manner as the preparation of
2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)- -benzaldehyde, the following analogs
were also prepared:
4,6-Dibromo-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde
[0324] 72% yield. M.p. 92-93.degree. C. Mass spectrum 362.
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 250 MHz) d 10.12 (1H, s), 7.44 (1H, d),
7.16 (1H, d), 3.10 (4H, brs), 2.61 (4H, s), 2.36 (3H, s).
6-Fluoro-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-benzaldehyde
[0325] 69% yield. Light brown oil. Mass spectrum 223 (M.sup.+1).
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 250 MHz) d 10.27 (1H, s), 7.45 (1H, m),
7.86 (1H, d), 6.75 (1H, dd), 3.14 (4H, t), 2.62 (4H, t), 2.37 (3H,
s).
Preparation 2
2,4-Dibromo-6-fluoro-benzaldehyde
[0326] In a flame-dried 250 mL round-bottomed flask equipped with
an addition funnel and magnetic stirrer, a mixture of
diisopropylamine (4.82 mL, 34.66 mmol) in 100 mL of anhydrous THF
was cooled to -78.degree. C. and treated with 2.5N n-butyllithium
(13.86 mL, 34.66 mmol) in THF, dropwise. After stirring for 10
minutes a mixture of 3,5-dibromo-1-fluorobenzene (8.0 g, 31.51
mmol) in 16 mL of THF was added dropwise and stirring was continued
for an additional 30 minutes. At this point, N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) (2.68 mL, 34.66 mmol) was added dropwise and stirring
continued another 10 minutes at -78.degree. C. The reaction was
quenched with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and the solvent
removed on a rotary evaporator. The residue was dissolved in ether,
washed with saturated brine and dried over calcium sulfate,
filtered and concentrated to an oil, 7.36 g. Purification by flash
chromatography using ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:99) gave the title
product as a white solid.
[0327] M.p. 57-58.degree. C. Mass spectrum 281 (M.sup.+1), 283.
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) d 10.29 (1H, s), 7.66 (1H, t),
7.33 (1H, dd). Elemental analysis calculated for
C.sub.7H.sub.3Br.sub.2FO: C.sub.29.82, H 1.07; Found: C.sub.30.25,
H 1.03.
Preparation 3
3-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-imidazolidine-2,4-dione
[0328] Under a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask, with
magnetic stirring, the potassium salt of imidazolidine-2,4-dione
(1.382 g, 10 mmol) and 4-chlorobenzyl bromide (2.055 g, 10 mmol)
were combined with 15 mL of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
and heated to 170-175.degree. C. for 5 hours. The reaction was then
cooled to room temperature and poured over 50 mL of water to
produce a waxy white precipitate. Recrystallization from ethyl
acetate: hexanes produced the title product as a white crystalline
solid, 0.775 g (34.5%).
[0329] M.p. 162-163.5.degree. C. (dec.). .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) d
8.17 (1H, s), 7.34 (4H, q), 4.51 (2H, s), 3.98 (2H, s), 3.35 (HOD,
s).
[0330] In the same manner, the potassium salt of
thiazolidine-2,4-dione (1.0 g, 6.45 mmol) was converted to
3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-d- ione , 0.97 g (62%).
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 250 MHz) d 7.32 (4H, sym m), 4.73 (2H, 2),
3.95 (2H, s).
Preparation 4
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one
[0331] Under a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask, sodium
hydride (72 mg, 1.79 mmol, 60% oil dispersion) was washed with
hexanes and then treated with 6 mL of anhydrous DMF, and cooled to
0.degree. C. Thiomorpholin-3-one (200 mg, 1.71 mmol) was added in
one portion with stirring. After gas evolution had stopped (ca. 30
min), 4-iodo-1,2-dichlorobenzene (700 mg, 2.56 mmol) was added,
followed after 5 minutes by copper (I) bromide (490 mg, 3.42 mmol).
After heating at 75.degree. C. overnight, the mixture was
partitioned between ethyl acetate and 1N lithium chloride, filtered
through diatomaceous earth and combined with additional ethyl
acetate washes of the diatomaceous earth filter cake. The organic
layers were washed with additional 1N lithium chloride, brine
(saturated sodium chloride) and dried over calcium sulfate (CaSO4).
Concentration in vacuo gave 363 mg of light brown oil which was
flash chromatographed (30-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to give a
white solid, 108 mg.
[0332] .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) d 7.44 (1H, d), 7.37 (1H,
s), 7.12 (1H, dd), 3.93 (2H, t), 3.43 (2H, s), 3.01 (2H, t).
Preparation 5
4-(4-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one.
[0333] A mixture of thiomorpholin-3-one (500 mg, 4.27 mmol),
4-trifluoromethyl-1-iodobenzene (1.25 mL, 8.5 mmol) and copper
metal (814 mg, 12.8 mmol) was heated in a sealed glass tube at
185-200.degree. C. for 18 hours. The residue was then purified by
flash chromatography to give 260 mg of the title product as a white
solid.
[0334] M.p. 85-87.degree. C. Mass spectrum 262 (M.sup.-1).
.sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400 MHz) d 7.62 (2H, d), 7.37 (2H, d),
3.97 (2H, t), 3.43 (2H, s), 3.01 (2H, t).
[0335] In the same manner,
4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-thiomorpholin-4-one was prepared using
copper bronze (Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wis.) and heating
in a round bottomed flask under nitrogen atmosphere at 170.degree.
in 37-46% isolated yield, m.p. 79-80.degree. C.
Preparation 6
4-Benzylthiomorpholin-3-one
[0336] Under a nitrogen atmosphere in a flame-dried flask, sodium
hydride (4.65 g, 0.1 05 mol, 54% oil dispersion) was added to 150
mL of anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF), and the suspension was
cooled to 0.degree. C. Thiomorpholin-3-one (11.7 g, 0.1 mol) was
added in portions over 30 minutes with stirring. After gas
evolution had stopped (ca. 30 minutes), benzyl chloride (12.1 g,
0.105 mol) in DMF (50 mL) was added and stirring was continued at
room temperature overnight. The reaction was then warmed to
80.degree. C. for 15 minutes and cooled. Water (250 mL) was added
and the mixture was extracted with chloroform which was dried
(MgSO.sub.4) and concentrated in vacuo to an oil. The oil was
triturated with ethyl ether (Et.sub.2O) and cooled by dry ice to
give the product, 12.75 g as a solid, m.p. 60-62.degree. C.
[0337] Recrystallization of 5 g from 100 mL of Et.sub.2O gave 3.5 g
of pure product, m.p. 62-63.degree. C. along with a second crop of
0.75 g with m.p. 62-63.degree. C.
[0338] In the same manner,
4-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-thiomorpholin-3-one was prepared in 89%
yield from 3,4-dichlorobenzyl bromide and thiomorpholin-3-one as a
white solid. M.p. 86-87.degree. C. .sup.1H-NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 400
MHz) d 7.38 (1H, d), 7.33 (1H, d), 7.10 (1H, dd), 4.56 (2H, s),
3.55-3.51 (2H, m), 3.37 (2H, s), 2.81-2.76 (2H, m).
* * * * *