U.S. patent application number 09/209674 was filed with the patent office on 2002-04-25 for use of surfactants with low molecular weight for improving the filterability in hydraulic lubricants.
Invention is credited to BATELIER, DOMINIQUE, CAZIN, JACQUES, CLEMENT, OLIVIER, SAUSSE, CHRISTOPHER LE.
Application Number | 20020049144 09/209674 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 9505805 |
Filed Date | 2002-04-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020049144 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CLEMENT, OLIVIER ; et
al. |
April 25, 2002 |
USE OF SURFACTANTS WITH LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FOR IMPROVING THE
FILTERABILITY IN HYDRAULIC LUBRICANTS
Abstract
A hydraulic oil, a predominant amount of an oil having a
viscosity suitable for lubrication and from 0.03% to 0.06% of an
agent improving filterability, corresponding to the formula R--Z. Z
represents a polar group containing one or more substituents chosen
from phosphoric esters, amides, ethers, amino alcohols, ethoxylated
amines, and mixtures thereof. R represents a lipophilic chain
having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
Inventors: |
CLEMENT, OLIVIER; (LE HAVRE,
FR) ; SAUSSE, CHRISTOPHER LE; (MONTIVILLIERS, FR)
; BATELIER, DOMINIQUE; (LE HAVRE, FR) ; CAZIN,
JACQUES; (SAINT MARTIN DU MANOIR, FR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CHEVRON CORPORATION LAW DEPARTMENT
PATENT DIVISION
PO BOX 6006
SAN RAMON
CA
94583-0806
US
|
Family ID: |
9505805 |
Appl. No.: |
09/209674 |
Filed: |
December 11, 1998 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/421 ;
508/545; 508/551; 508/579; 508/583 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2207/026 20130101;
C10M 145/36 20130101; C10M 2225/00 20130101; C10M 2225/02 20130101;
C10M 2215/22 20130101; C10M 2215/226 20130101; C10M 2207/404
20130101; C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10M 129/16 20130101; C10M 2207/14
20130101; C10M 2209/00 20130101; C10M 2207/146 20130101; C10M
2223/12 20130101; C10M 2223/042 20130101; C10M 2209/10 20130101;
C10M 2223/04 20130101; C10M 2209/108 20130101; C10M 2219/104
20130101; C10M 2207/027 20130101; C10M 2215/08 20130101; C10M
2219/044 20130101; C10M 133/08 20130101; C10M 137/04 20130101; C10M
2219/10 20130101; C10M 2223/045 20130101; C10M 2207/289 20130101;
C10M 2205/00 20130101; C10M 2207/142 20130101; C10M 2209/104
20130101; C10M 2215/082 20130101; C10M 2215/225 20130101; C10M
2207/40 20130101; C10N 2040/08 20130101; C10M 2219/024 20130101;
C10M 2219/068 20130101; C10M 2219/106 20130101; C10M 2219/102
20130101; C10M 2209/02 20130101; C10M 2207/144 20130101; C10M
2207/283 20130101; C10M 2215/221 20130101; C10N 2010/04 20130101;
C10M 2209/084 20130101; C10M 2215/30 20130101; C10M 133/16
20130101; C10M 2205/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/421 ;
508/551; 508/545; 508/579; 508/583 |
International
Class: |
C10M 101/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 1, 1998 |
FR |
PCT/FR98/00659 |
Apr 11, 1997 |
FR |
97/04481 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A lubricating fluid comprising 1) a predominant amount of an oil
having a viscosity suitable for lubrication; and 2) from 0.03% to
0.06% of an agent improving filterability or a mixture thereof,
corresponding to the following formula:R--Zwherein Z represents a
polar group containing one or more substituents chosen from the
group consisting of a) phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d)
amino alcohols; e) ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R
represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
2. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein R contains 17
to 19 carbon atoms.
3. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein Z is chosen
from the group consisting of: a) phosphoric esters; b) polyethers;
c) ethoxylated amines; d) mixtures thereof.
4. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein the agent
improving filterability is a phosphoric ester corresponding to the
following formula: 3wherein X represents H or R and at least one of
the symbols X represents R, and R represents a saturated or
unsaturated hydrocarbyl chain which may contain ether groups, said
hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and preferably 17 to
19 carbon atoms.
5. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein the agent
improving filterability is a compound corresponding to the formula
R--O--(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2O).sub.xH wherein X represents an integer
from 3 to 12, preferably equal to 9, and R represents a hydrocarbyl
chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms, R representing preferably a
C.sub.11H.sub.23 or C.sub.15H.sub.31 group.
6. A lubricating fluid according to claim 3, wherein the
ethoxylated amine contains at least two ethoxy groups.
7. A lubricating fluid according to claim 6, wherein the agent
improving filterability is a compound corresponding to the
following formula: 4wherein R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having
14 to 24 carbon atoms, and R represents preferably an aliphatic
chain C.sub.18H.sub.35.
8. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, wherein the agent
improving filterability is an unsubstituted fatty amide
corresponding to the following formula:H.sub.2N--CO--Rwherein R
represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms and
preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
9. A lubricating fluid according to claim 1, said lubricating fluid
consisting in a hydraulic oil.
10. An additive for a lubricating fluid, comprising an effective
quantity of an agent improving filterability according to claim
1.
11. The use of an effective quantity of an agent improving
filterability according to claim 1 as additive intended to improve
the filterability of a lubricating fluid.
12. The use according to claim 11, wherein the lubricating fluid is
a hydraulic oil.
13. The use according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the concentration
of the agent improving filterability in the said fluid is equal to
0.03% to 0.06% by weight.
14. The use according to any one of claims 11 to 13, the said use
being intended for a hydraulic system containing a piston pump
having wear surfaces containing copper or a copper alloy and,
optionally, a vane pump having wear surfaces containing steel.
15. A process for the production of a hydraulic fluid with improved
filterability which comprises the mixture of the following
constituents: a) a predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity
suitable for lubrication; and b) from 0.03% to 0.06% of an agent
improving filterability, corresponding to the following
formulaR--Zwherein Z represents a polar group containing one or
more substituents chosen from the group consisting of: a)
phosphoric esters; b) amides; c) ethers; d) amino alcohols; e)
ethoxylated amines; f) mixtures thereof, and R represents a
lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
Description
SCOPE OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to lubricating fluids having
improved filterability characteristics, and to effective additives
for improving the filterability characteristics of lubricating
fluids such as hydraulic oils. The present invention relates more
particularly to lubricating fluids and additives containing an
effective quantity of an agent improving filterability which
contains at least one polar group and at least one lipophilic chain
having 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
[0002] Most lubricating oils currently in use, such as hydraulic
fluids and similar fluids, contain additives which are designed to
confer optimum performances as regards the prevention of wear,
protection against rust, demulsibility, thermal stability,
stability towards hydrolysis and oxidation stability, air release
capacity, and foam prevention. Moreover, hydraulic oils have to
exhibit extremely good filterability properties which are measured
and evaluated using a certain number of detailed filterability
tests such as the AFNOR NFE 48690, 48691 and 48693, CETOP RP 124H,
DENISON and PALL tests.
[0003] Unfortunately, the formulation scope required to satisfy the
principal performance criteria often militates against good
filterability because, in general, the use of additives is harmful
for filterability. For example, the use of viscosity index (VI)
improvers and pour point depressors (PPD) has made it more
difficult to formulate oils having a high viscosity index and/or
better properties at low temperatures.
[0004] The filterability of hydraulic oils is currently an
essential technical point because it is an important imperative for
current and future formulations. Indeed, most hydraulic systems use
decontamination filters. The contaminants may consist in metal
particles, dust, lacquers, polymers resulting from oxidation and
thermal stability factors. In fact, limiting pollution by hydraulic
oils has becoming a deciding factor for obtaining good performance
in service, also including improved wear prevention by reducing
abrasive particles. Consequently, the trend is to reduce the
porosity of the filters (in line) even further to a value of about
3 micrometres in certain cases.
[0005] Consequently, filterability tests in a dry and in a damp
medium have been developed for evaluating, and offering means of
improving, the filterability performance of hydraulic oils.
However, in view of the very fine porosity of the filters used in
these bench tests and also because of the presence of water in some
of these operating procedures, the performances of hydraulic oils
are sometimes lower than the acceptable criteria.
[0006] As the presence of water has an adverse effect on the
filterability performance of hydraulic oils, most of the
bench-scale filterability tests used at present include a period of
storage of the oil artificially contaminated by water. The presence
of water poses a problem because water undergoes adsorption by the
calcium carbonates and calcium hydroxides forming part of the
calcium salt detergents which are often present in hydraulic
additives. Moreover, water interacts with the ZDDP liberating ZnO.
These interactions lead to fine deposits which tend to block the
filters.
[0007] Various technologies have been used in the past in an
attempt to solve these problems. The most commonly used means known
to date consist in using metal carboxylates in the manner described
in the document GB 2 293 389, reducing the concentrations of ZDDP
from about 8 mM/kg of oil to a value equal to or less than about 4
mM/kg of oil, or formulating additives with particular viscosity
index improvers which are less harmful for filterability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The inventors have discovered that it is possible to improve
the filterability properties of lubricating oils by using agents
improving filterability containing at least one polar group and at
least one lipophilic chain having a particular length. More
interestingly, if the compounds described below are used, the
filterability performances are improved but this improvement
obtained is not generally harmful for the principal performance
criteria and may even have positive effects in certain cases.
[0009] The present invention relates in a general manner to a
lubricating fluid, particularly a hydraulic oil, comprising:
[0010] 1) a predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity
suitable for lubrication; and
[0011] 2) from 0.03% to 0.06% of an agent improving filterability,
corresponding to the following formula:
R--Z
[0012] wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more
substituents chosen from:
[0013] a) phosphoric esters;
[0014] b) amides;
[0015] c) ethers;
[0016] d) amino alcohols;
[0017] e) ethoxylated amines;
[0018] f) mixtures thereof.
[0019] The number of said substituents forming the polar group may
range from 1 to 30 but usually a number from 3 to 5 polar
substituents is preferred.
[0020] As regards the lipophilic chain R forming the other portion
of the agent improving filterability used in the present invention,
this chain usually consists in a saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24 and preferably 17 to 19 carbon
atoms. The hydrocarbyl chain may be linear or branched, although
linear chains are usually preferred. Although this lipophilic chain
is preferably unsubstituted, it is possible to incorporate
substituents or to insert heteroatoms or various groups in the
chain since said insertions or substituents do not have a notable
effect on the overall polarity of the molecule.
[0021] The present invention also relates to the use of agents
improving filterability described in the present specification for
improving the filterability of oils, particularly hydraulic
oils.
[0022] The present invention also relates to a process for the
production of a hydraulic fluid with improved filterability, which
comprises the mixture of the following constituents:
[0023] a) a predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity
suitable for lubrication; and
[0024] b) from 0.03% to 0.06% of an agent improving filterability,
corresponding to the following formula:
R--Z
[0025] wherein Z represents a polar group containing one or more
substituents chosen from the group comprising:
[0026] a) phosphoric esters;
[0027] b) amides;
[0028] c) ethers;
[0029] d) amino alcohols;
[0030] e) ethoxylated amines;
[0031] f) mixtures thereof,
[0032] and R represents a lipophilic chain having 14 to 24 carbon
atoms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] In order to demonstrate more clearly the structural
relationship between the polar group and the lipophilic chain of
the agents improving filterability of the present invention,
examples of suitable categories of compounds are presented
below.
[0034] A vast group of agents improving filterability includes
those in which the polar group Z contains one or more constituents
chosen from:
[0035] a) phosphoric esters;
[0036] b) fatty amides;
[0037] c) polyethers;
[0038] d) ethoxylated amines;
[0039] e) mixtures thereof.
[0040] Each member of this group may itself form, with the
appropriate hydrocarbyl chain, independent sub-groups of agents
improving filterability falling within the scope of the present
invention.
[0041] A sub-group of specific phosphoric esters comprises
phosphoric esters corresponding to the following formula: 1
[0042] wherein X represents H or R and at least one of the symbols
X represents R, and R represents a saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbyl chain which may contain ether groups. The hydrocarbyl
chain has 14 to 24 carbon atoms, advantageously 14 to 24 carbon
atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms. In a highly
advantageous manner, R represents a group
[CH.sub.3--(--CH.sub.2).sub.11--CH.sub.2--(--O--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2--)--.s-
ub.3]. An example of such phosphoric ester in RHODAFAC PA35
available commercially, supplied by Rhne Poulenc.
[0043] A sub-group of polyethers comprises compounds corresponding
to the formula:
R--O--(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2O).sub.xH
[0044] wherein X represents an integer from 3 to 12, preferably
equal to 9, and R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24
carbon atoms and wherein, more advantageously, R represents a group
C.sub.15H.sub.31, the polar group Z being represented by
--O--(CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2O).sub.xH.
[0045] A suitable sub-group of ethoxylated amines comprises
ethoxylated amines containing at least two ethoxy groups.
[0046] A more suitable group comprises ethoxylated amines
corresponding to the following formula: 2
[0047] wherein R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24
carbon atoms, and particularly an aliphatic chain
C.sub.18H.sub.35.
[0048] A suitable sub-group of unsubstituted fatty amides comprises
compounds corresponding to the following formula:
H.sub.2N--CO--R
[0049] wherein R represents a hydrocarbyl chain having 14 to 24
carbon atoms and preferably 17 to 19 carbon atoms.
[0050] The concentration of the agents improving filterability
described above must be adjusted such that the desired effect
(improvement in the filterability characteristics of the oil) is
obtained without being harmful for the other performances resulting
from the action of other additives which may be present in the oil
composition. More particularly, it is considered that excessive
concentrations of the compounds used in the context of the present
invention may have adverse effects, particularly on the oxidation
stability, the thermal stability and the stability towards
hydrolysis of the finished oil. For example, it has become apparent
that high concentrations have adverse effects on tests such as the
ASTM-D4310, ASTM-D943 and ASTM-D2619 tests.
[0051] The exact mechanism of action of the compounds used in the
context of the present invention on the improvement in
filterability is not fully understood. Without wishing to be bound
to any particular theory, the inventors consider that there is no
notable interaction in the proper sense of the word between the
agents improving the filterability and the other compounds present
in the lubricating oil.
[0052] However, it has become apparent that, in the competitive
interactions taking place between the solid particles, polymers (VI
improvers, PPD) and the water present in the oil, the polar
substituents of the agents improving filterability have a
preferential dispersant effect on the solid particles which makes
it possible to prevent the formation of aggregates of certain
dimensions and, consequently, to filter blockages. It has also
become apparent that the polar substituents of the agents improving
filterability of the present invention have a particular type of
inhibition of the harmful effects of viscosity index improvers and
pour point depressors, also due to preferential interactions with
solid particles.
[0053] It has also become apparent that there is an important
relationship between the polar substituents and the lipophilic
chain.
[0054] It is possible to determine the choice of polar substituents
and lipophilic substituents for the preparation of a particular
agent improving filterability, in accordance with the present
invention, by referring to the calculation of their
polar/lipophilic ratio. A suitable method for calculating this
ratio was described in a publication of "Atlas Chemical France"
entitled "Le systeme HLB d'ATLAS" [the ATLAS HLB system]. In this
document which is cited by way of reference in the present
application, the polar/lipophilic ratio is identified by the
hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB).
[0055] It is possible to use a mixture of agents improving
filterability, although a cumulative effect of the filterability
properties is not necessarily observed. However, the inventors
consider that complementary and even synergistic effects may occur
if a plurality of different agents improving filterability is used
in the same formulation. However, it should be borne in mind that
the total concentration of the mixture of agents improving
filterability should not exceed, notably, the concentrations
described previously in order to avoid undesirable secondary
effects which might interfere with the overall properties of the
lubricating fluid formulation.
[0056] Agents improving filterability of the present invention are
particularly useful for improving the filterability characteristics
of lubricating oils and, preferably, hydraulic oils. They are
effective independently of the presence or absence of a viscosity
index improver in the oil. The improvement in filterability may be
obtained for considerably different viscosity intervals. For
example, in hydraulic oils and industrial oils, an improvement in
filterability may be obtained for grades ranging from ISO VG 15 to
150, preferably for grades ranging from ISO VG 32 to 68.
[0057] For example, the filterability test AFNOR NFE 48691
comprises the following steps:
[0058] formulation of the oil
[0059] incorporation of 0.2.% by weight of water and mixing to form
an emulsion
[0060] storage at 70.degree. C. for 72 hours, then storage at
ambient temperature (24 hours)
[0061] filtration of 300 ml of oil over a Millipore 0.8 mm filter
at a pressure dependent on the rate of filtration
[0062] measuring the time required to filter 50, 100, 200 and 300
ml of oil and calculating the corresponding IFE values.
[0063] In the AFNOR NFE 48691 tests, the filterability indices
calculated for the test oils containing agents improving
filterability have been substantially improved compared with
reference formulations not containing agents improving
filterability and, in fact, are close to the "ideal" filterability
index which is equal to 1. Moreover, the incorporation of low
concentrations of agents improving filterability used in the
present invention in additives does not generally prove to be
harmful for other properties such as wear prevention, oxidation
stability or thermal stability or the hydrolysis performances of
hydraulic oils. This was measured using tests such as the FZG
seizing test, the Denison and Vickers Vane tests, and tests on
piston pumps and the Cincinnati Milacron thermal stability tests
and the ASTM D 943 and ATMD [sic] 4310 oxidation tests and the ASTM
D 2619 stability towards hydrolysis test. In the manner mentioned
above, it was also noted that some of the agents improving
filterability may have an advantageous effect on the thermal
stability and the oxidation performances.
[0064] The skilled person wishing to use the teachings of the
present invention to prepare appropriate lubricating fluids may
carry out this preparation using basic oils and additives currently
available. Information concerning these other constituents is set
out briefly below.
[0065] Basic Lubricant
[0066] The basic lubricant may be chosen from
hydraulic/transmission fluids, hydraulic brake fluids, fluids for
power steering and fluids for tractors, the exact composition of
which may vary slightly.
[0067] The lubricating oils of the present invention contain a
predominant amount of an oil having a viscosity suitable for
lubrication. Said oil may be any lubricating oil based on
hydrocarbons, or a basic synthetic oil. It may be derived from
synthetic or natural sources and it may be a paraffinic, naphthenic
or asphaltic basic oil or consist in a mixture thereof.
[0068] In one embodiment, the oil having a viscosity suitable for
lubrication is prepared from a crude mineral oil by physical
separation processes such as distillation, deasphalting and
dewaxing, or it may be prepared by a chemical conversion such as a
catalytic or non-catalytic hydrotreatment of mineral oil fractions,
or by a combination of chemical separation processes and a chemical
conversion; or it may consist in a basic synthetic hydrocarbon oil.
Preferably, the oil having a viscosity suitable for lubrication has
a kinematic viscosity from 5 to 220 cSt at 40.degree. C.
[0069] Other Additives
[0070] Other additives which are well known in practice may be
present in the hydraulic fluid with increased filterability of the
present invention. These additives may include, for example,
antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, detergents, anti-rust
additives, demulsifying agents, foam inhibitors, corrosion
inhibitors, pour point depressors, and other anti-wear agents.
Examples of said additives are given below:
[0071] Antioxidants: include sterically hindered alkyl phenols such
as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3-propanoic)phenol;
N,N-di(alkylphenyl)amine- s; and alkylated phenylene-diamines.
[0072] Viscosity index improvers: include polymeric
alkylmethacrylates and olefinic copolymers such as an
ethylene-propylene copolymer or a styrene-butadiene copolymer.
[0073] Detergents: include calcium alkylsalicylates, calcium
alkylphenates and calcium alkarylsulfonates.
[0074] Anti-rust additives: include (short-chain) alkenylsuccinic
agents [sic], partial esters thereof and nitrogen-containing
derivatives thereof; and synthetic alkarylsulfonates, such as metal
dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates.
[0075] Demulsifying agents: include alkoxylated phenols and
phenol-formaldehyde resins and synthetic alkylaryl sulfonates such
as metallic dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates.
[0076] Foam inhibitors: include polymers of alkyl methacrylate and
polymers of dimethylsilicone.
[0077] Corrosion inhibitors: include
2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and derivatives thereof,
mercaptobenzothiazoles, alkyltriazoles and benzotriazoles.
[0078] Pour point depressors (PPD): include polymethacrylates.
[0079] Anti-wear agents: zinc alkyldithiophosphates (preferred),
aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulfur-containing esters and
phosphosulfur compounds, metal or ash-free dithiocarbamates.
[0080] The hydraulic fluid with increased filterability of the
present invention may be produced by mixing the oil having a
viscosity suitable for lubrication and the agent improving
filterability together with the other additives described above
which may be present in the oil having a viscosity suitable for
lubrication. The constituents of this mixture may interact during
the mixing operation, modifying the agents improving filterability
and/or the other additives.
[0081] The various preferred conditions indicated above apply both
to the lubricating fluids and to the process for the production of
a hydraulic fluid and to the uses according to the present
invention.
[0082] The present invention is illustrated in more detail by the
following examples which are proposed by way of illustration of the
present invention. They are not intended to limit its scope.
EXAMPLES
Comparative Example
[0083] A formulation of basic additives containing functional
quantities of zinc dithiophosphate, an ash-free dithiocarbamate, a
detergent containing calcium, a phenolic antioxidant, anti-rust
additives, demulsifying agents, a foam inhibitor based on a
silicone polymer, were mixed in such a way that the basic
formulation of additives (XOIE 303J) represents 0.80% by weight of
the finished oil formulation. The finished oil formulation had a
kinematic viscosity at 40.degree. C. equal to about 46 cSt.
Comparative Example A
[0084] The basic formulation of additives was mixed in a refined
basic oil with a solvent "A" with the addition of a PPD (of the PMA
type) in a quantity of 0.2% by weight.
Example 1
[0085] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA35 from Rhne Poulenc) was added to the
finished oil of comparative example A.
Example 2
[0086] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example A.
Example 3
[0087] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example A.
Example 4
[0088] A quantity of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide
"OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to
the finished oil of comparative example A.
Comparative Example B
[0089] The basic formulation of additives was mixed in a refined
basic oil with a solvent "B" with the addition of a PPD (of the PMA
type) in a quantity of 0.2% by weight.
Example 5
[0090] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P1" (Rhodafac P PA35 from Rhne Poulenc) was added to the
finished oil of comparative example B.
Example 6
[0091] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example B.
Example 7
[0092] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example B.
Example 8
[0093] A quantity of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide
"OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to
the finished oil of comparative example B.
Comparative Example C
[0094] The basic formulation of additives was mixed in a refined
basic oil with a solvent "C" with the addition of a PPD (of the PMA
type) in a quantity of 0.2% by weight and the addition of a VI
improver (of the PMA type) in a quantity of 4.65% by weight.
Example 9
[0095] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhne Poulenc) was added to the
finished oil of comparative example C.
Example 10
[0096] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example C.
Example 11
[0097] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example C.
Example 12
[0098] A quantity of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide
"OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to
the finished oil of comparative example C.
Comparative Example D
[0099] The basic formulation of additives was mixed with a "basic
formulation speciality" containing a certain quantity of a VI
improver (of the PMA type).
Example 13
[0100] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P1" (Rhodafac PA 35 from Rhne Poulenc) was added to the
finished oil of comparative example D.
Example 14
[0101] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P2" (CRODAFOS N3A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example D.
Example 15
[0102] A quantity of 0.05% by weight of a commercial phosphoric
ester "P3" (CRODAFOS N5A from Croda) was added to the finished oil
of comparative example D.
Example 16
[0103] A quantity of 0.03% by weight of a commercial fatty amide
"OL" (CRODAMIDE O from Croda or Armeed O from Akzo) was added to
the finished oil of comparative example D.
[0104] The above-mentioned examples were evaluated in the
filterability tests AFNOR NFE 48690 (A, B, C, D) and AFNOR NFE
48691 (A, B).
[0105] Table 1 below summarised the test results.
1TABLE 1 Filterability tests on formulations HM and HV in oil of
grade ISO VG 46 (filterability index IF and IFE) Filterability
AFNOR test NFE 48690 48691 48691 48690 48690 48690 Type of oil HM
HM HM HM HV HV Basic oils A B A B C D Grade ISO VG46 VG46 VG46 VG46
VG46 VG46 Constituents Amount (wt. %) Reference XOIE 1.58 8.1 1.68
3.2 1.32 1.28 additives 303 J P1 0.05 1.13 1.11 1.31 1.14 1.21 1.12
P2 0.05 1.05 1.10 1.30 1.16 1.27 1.30 P3 0.05 1.10 1.11 1.16 1.11
1.23 1.26 OL 0.03 1.03 1.18 1.23 1.19 1.32 1.23
* * * * *