U.S. patent application number 09/502255 was filed with the patent office on 2002-04-18 for construction equipment implement and method.
This patent application is currently assigned to s Factory Company Farmer@$apos. Invention is credited to Burton , Paul.
Application Number | 20020044862 09/502255 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23996999 |
Filed Date | 2002-04-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020044862 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Burton , Paul |
April 18, 2002 |
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT IMPLEMENT AND METHOD
Abstract
A skid-steer loader implement having a hydraulically actuated
grapple component that includes an implement having first and
second spaced apart pivot support structures and a hydraulically
actuated grapple component pivotally secured to the second pivot
support structure. A hydraulically actuated cylinder has one end of
the cylinder pivotally secured to the first pivot support structure
of the implement and is provided with a moveable piston integrally
coupled to an output actuation rod that is pivotally secured at an
end remote from the piston to the grapple component. The
hydraulically actuated cylinder has supply/return ports adjacent
the ends of the cylinder adapted to be alternately coupled to a
high pressure hydraulic fluid supply or low pressure hydraulic
fluid return. The hydraulically actuated cylinder has valve
structure to hydraulically cushion movement of the piston and
associated actuation rod as the piston moves past a supply/return
port prior to being physically stopped at the ends of the cylinder.
The actuation rod is provided with a protective shield to protect
the actuation rod surface from hostile environmental intrusions by
objects in the vicinity of the actuation rod during actuation. The
grapple component includes a pivot shaft portion that is at least
as wide or wider than a grapple tooth end of the grapple component.
The second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of
bearing support elements spaced apart such that a grapple pivot
shaft portion cooperates therewith to create a physical barrier to
any material thing that may be gripped between the grapple
component and implement.
Inventors: |
Burton , Paul; ( Lee,
IL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Leydig, Voit & Mayer, Ltd.
Kevin Wingate
6815 Weaver Road
Suite 300
Rockford
IL
61114-8018
US
815-963-7661
815-963-7664
|
Assignee: |
Farmer@$apos;s Factory
Company
100 E. Lee Road
Lee
60530
IL
|
Family ID: |
23996999 |
Appl. No.: |
09/502255 |
Filed: |
February 17, 2000 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/724 ;
37/405 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02F 3/34 20130101; E02F
3/404 20130101; Y10S 414/125 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
414/724 ;
37/405 |
International
Class: |
E02F 003/96 |
Claims
Claims
A skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component adapted
for use with skid steer loader arms, such that movement of the
loader arms causes the implement and component to move
therewith;the implement when in use with the skid steer loader arms
having a portion thereof located remote from the loader arms and
another portion thereof adjacent the loader arms;the other portion
of the implement adjacent the loader arms having first and second
spaced apart pivot support structures having parallel pivot support
axes;the hydraulically actuated implement component is pivotally
secured to the second pivot support structure;at least one
hydraulic actuation cylinder having a tubular shaped barrel closed
at one end thereof, the barrel cooperating with a mating actuation
piston mounted for reciprocation in the barrel, the actuation
piston integrally secured to one end of an actuation rod, the
actuation rod slidably passing through a hermetically sealed
opening in the other end of the barrel, the other end of the
actuation rod pivotally connected to the implement component
structure for movement therewith;the tubular shaped barrel having
integral with the closed end thereof a pivot structure pivotally
secured to the first pivot support structure of the implement;the
barrel having a pair of spaced apart supply/return ports through a
barrel wall, the supply/return ports are adjacent the ends of the
barrel, the closed end of the barrel and an end of the actuation
piston creating a chamber therebetween, whereas the other end of
the actuation piston and the hermetically sealed opening in the
other end of the barrel creates another chamber that includes
therein the slidable actuation rod;alternately hydraulically
coupling one of the supply/return ports to a high pressure supply
while simultaneously hydraulically coupling the other supply/return
port to a hydraulic return results in a differential pressure
existing across the actuation piston and causes the actuation
piston and integral actuation rod to move and thereby cause the
implement component to pivotally move relative to the skid steer
implement;at least one end of the actuation piston configured to
cooperate with a supply/return port such that as an end of the
actuation piston moves past a supply/return port, return flow of
hydraulic fluid through the port is gradually diminished and
movement of the actuation piston is cushioned near the end of
actuation piston travel which results in the implement component
experiencing a cushioned stop at an end of its pivotal movement
The skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component of
claim 1 wherein the actuation rod has secured thereto at a point
adjacent the actuation rod pivotal connection to the implement
component a protective shield member, the protective shield member
extending towards the tubular shaped barrel and having an overall
length greater than the actuation rod length when the actuation
piston and rod are positioned at an end of the tubular barrel
nearest the component to be actuated.
The skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component of
claim 2 wherein the protective shield member is positioned such
that relative movement of the actuation rod allows the protective
shield member to continuously cover the actuation rod in all
positions of the actuation rod sliding movement.
The skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component of
claim 3 wherein the hydraulically actuated implement is a grapple
tooth component that has a pivot shaft portion wider than an end of
the grapple tooth component that may come in contact with the
portions of the implement remote from the loader arms when the
hydraulically actuated implement grapple tooth component is in a
fully actuated position.
The skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component of
claim 4 wherein the second pivot support structure is comprised of
a pair of bearing support ears integrally secured to the implement
and spaced apart such that the grapple tooth pivot shaft portion
cooperates with the pair of bearing support ears such that the
wider pivot shaft portion of the grapple tooth functions as a
physical barrier to any material thing that may be gripped between
the grapple tooth component and implement that would damage the
skid steer loader and any hoses or fittings or hydraulic actuators
that may be secured to the implement if the gripped material should
be forced toward the skid steer loader absent the substantially
wider pivot shaft portion.
The skid steer implement and hydraulically actuated component of
claim 5 wherein the implement is a collecting bucket having an
upstanding rear wall that in use is adjacent the loader arms.
A skid steer implement having a hydraulically actuated grapple
component that may be moved physically from a hard stop fully open
position to a hard stop fully closed position through an
intermediate range of motion between a hydraulically cushioned
movement just prior to reaching the hard stops of the fully open
and fully closed positions of the component, the skid steer
implement and hydraulically actuated grapple component including in
combination;an implement having first and second spaced apart pivot
support structures having parallel pivot support axes;a
hydraulically actuated grapple component pivotally secured to the
second pivot support structure of the implement;at least one
hydraulic actuation cylinder sealed at one end and including for
reciprocating motion therein an integrally connected actuation
piston and actuation rod, the actuation rod passing through a
hermetic seal at the other end of the cylinder, the sealed end of
the cylinder pivotally secured to the first pivot support structure
whereas the actuation rod at its end remote from the piston is
pivotally connected to the grapple component for movement
therewith;the cylinder having supply/return ports therein adjacent
the ends of the cylinder;alternatively, hydraulically coupling one
of the supply/return ports to a high pressure supply of hydraulic
fluid while simultaneously hydraulically coupling the other
supply/return port to a hydraulic return results in a differential
pressure existing across the actuation piston and causes the
actuation piston and integral actuation rod to move and thereby
cause the grapple component to pivotally move relative to the skid
steer implement;the actuation piston configured to cooperate with a
supply/return port such that as an end of the actuation piston
moves past a supply/return port, return flow of hydraulic fluid
through the port is gradually diminished and the movement of the
actuation piston is cushioned near the end of actuation piston
travel and prior to experiencing a hard stop at the end of piston
travel in the cylinder, the hard stop experienced at the closed
cylinder end corresponding to a hard stop fully open position of
the grapple component, whereas movement of the piston intermediate
the cushioning of the piston movement adjacent the supply return
ports establishing the uninterrupted range of motion between the
hydraulically cushioned movements of the actuation piston travel,
the hard stop experienced at the actuation rod hermetically sealed
end of the cylinder corresponding to a hard stop fully closed
position of the grapple component.
A skid steer loader implement having a hydraulically actuated
grapple component, including in combination;an implement having
first and second spaced apart pivot support structures having
parallel pivot support axes;a hydraulically actuated grapple
component pivotally secured to the second pivot support structure
of the implement;a hydraulically actuated cylinder having one end
of the cylinder pivotally secured to the first pivot support
structure of the implement, the hydraulically actuated cylinder
being provided with a moveable piston integrally coupled to an
output actuation rod that is pivotally secured at an end remote
from the piston to the grapple component for movement therewith;the
hydraulically actuated cylinder having supply/return ports adjacent
the ends of the cylinder adapted to be alternately coupled to a
high pressure hydraulic fluid supply or a low pressure hydraulic
fluid return;the hydraulically actuated cylinder having means
therein to hydraulically cushion movement of the piston and
associated actuation rod as the piston moves past a supply/return
port and prior to being physically stopped at the ends of the
cylinder;the actuation rod having secured thereto at a point
adjacent the actuation rod pivotal connection to the grapple
component a protective shield member extending towards the
actuation cylinder to protect the actuation rod surface from
hostile environmental intrusions by objects in the vicinity of the
actuation rod during actuation;the grapple component having a pivot
shaft portion that is at least as wide or substantially wider than
a grapple tooth end of the grapple component that may come into
contact with portions of the implement remote from the implement
first and second spaced apart pivot support structures, when the
hydraulically actuated cylinder is in a fully actuated position;the
second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of bearing
support ears integrally secured to the implement and spaced apart
such that the grapple pivot shaft portion cooperates with the pair
of bearing support ears such that the pivot shaft portion of the
grapple tooth functioning is a physical barrier to any material
thing that may be gripped between the grapple component and
implement that would damage a skid steer loader if the gripped
material should be forced toward the skid steer loader absent the
wider pivot shaft portion.
The skid steer loader implement of claim 8 wherein the implement is
a collecting bucket having an upstanding rear wall that in use is
adjacent loader arms of the skid steer loader.
A skid steer loader implement having a hydraulically actuated
grapple component, including in combination;an implement having
first and second spaced apart pivot support structures having
parallel pivot support axes;a hydraulically actuated grapple
component pivotally secured to the second pivot support structure
of the implement;a hydraulically actuated cylinder having one end
of the cylinder pivotally secured to the first pivot support
structure of the implement, the hydraulically actuated cylinder
being provided with a moveable piston integrally coupled to an
output actuation rod that is pivotally secured at an end remote
from the piston to the grapple component for movement therewith;the
hydraulically actuated cylinder having supply/return ports adjacent
the ends of the cylinder adapted to be alternately coupled to a
high pressure hydraulic fluid supply or a low pressure hydraulic
fluid return;the actuation rod having secured thereto at a point
adjacent the actuation rod pivotal connection to the grapple
component a protective shield member extending towards the
actuation cylinder to protect the actuation rod surface from
hostile environmental intrusions by objects in the vicinity of the
actuation rod during actuation;the grapple component having a pivot
shaft portion that is at least as wide or substantially wider than
a grapple tooth end of the grapple component that may come into
contact with portions of the implement remote from the implement
first and second spaced apart pivot support structures, when the
hydraulically actuated cylinder is in a fully actuated position;the
second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of bearing
support ears integrally secured to the implement and spaced apart
such that the grapple pivot shaft portion cooperates with the pair
of bearing support ears such that the pivot shaft portion of the
grapple tooth functioning is a physical barrier to any material
thing that may be gripped between the grapple component and
implement that would damage a skid steer loader if the gripped
material should be forced toward the skid steer loader absent the
wider pivot shaft portion.
A method of reducing structural shock loading between a skid steer
implement and a hydraulically actuated component carried by the
implement when the component is being moved physically from a
stopped fully unactuated position of the component to an abrupt
stop fully actuated position of the component through an
intermediate range of motion between a hydraulically cushioned
movement of the component with the implement just prior to reaching
the stopped positions of the fully unactuated and fully actuated
position, the method including the following steps:(a)hydraulically
actuating the component to move in an uninterrupted manner from any
position toward either an abrupt stop fully actuated or an abrupt
stop unactuated position(b)hydraulically cushioning movement of the
component as the component approaches the abrupt stop fully
actuated or unactuated position to thereby reduce structural shock
loading between the implement and the hydraulically actuated
component.
The method of claim 11 the hydraulically actuated component is a
grapple that is pivotally mounted on the implement and includes a
grapple tooth structure remote from the pivotal mount, the grapple
tooth structure normally engaging material to be gripped between
the grapple tooth structure and the implement prior to the grapple
tooth structure reaching a fully actuated position controlled by
the hydraulically cushioned movement of the hydraulic component as
the hydraulic component approaches an abrupt stop.
Description
Background of Invention
[0001] The invention relates to a construction equipment implement
and method of operating a hydraulically activated implement
component and more specifically a skid-steer implement having a
hydraulically controlled grapple component.
[0002] Those familiar with the construction industry have long
appreciated that construction equipment of the skid-steer front end
loader type such as that shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,231,114, when
employed in a variety of different tasks are universally driven
aggressively as they execute a multitude of construction chores.
The aggressive manner in which skid-steer front end loader
equipment is operated flows naturally from the very nature of the
implements carried by the skid-steer loader arms. Typical
implements include such apparatus as scarp buckets with grapple,
single and double grapple buckets and manure forks with grapple to
name a few. Each of these implements when secured to skid-steer
front end loader arms on the front of the skid-steer loader engage
either scrap, debris or other materials disposed or physically
distributed along a surface upon which the skid-steer-loader is
driven. The skid-steer loader with attached implement is normally
driven in an aggressive fashion into materials sought to be moved.
The momentum of the skid-steer loader and its attached implement
coupled with the sudden reactive forces generated in the material
to be moved by the impact of the implement and the material result
in the implement being physically filled with the material. In
order that the material that has been forced into the implement be
held in place when the skid-steer loader moves to another location
to deposit the material, the implement may include one or more
hydraulically activated components that are pivotally mounted on
the implement and move from an open unactuated position to a closed
actuated position where the hydraulically actuated component
forcefully grips the material between the component and implement
to thereby secure the material in place during transit to a
location where the material is to be deposited. When a skillful
skid-steer loader operator is putting the skid-steer through its
paces in the field, an observer of the skid-steer operator and his
skid-steer loader will witness a symphony of coordinated activity
of operator and skid-steer loader. As is well known, a skid-steer
loader is a relatively small four wheel vehicle which is steered by
braking or driving two wheels on one side of the vehicle while
reversely driving the wheels on the other side of the vehicle. Two
laterally spaced loader arms are mounted on the rear of the vehicle
to swing upwardly and downwardly and, when the arms are swung
downwardly their forward ends extend downwardly in front of the
vehicle. A mounting plate is pivotally supported on the forward
ends of the loader arms and normally support a construction
implement such as a loader bucket. The very nature of the
skid-steer loader as described above allows its operator to command
the skid-steer loader to move forward and in reverse or to move in
a tight circle about braked wheels of the loader while
simultaneously opening or closing the hydraulically actuated
component that cooperates with material forced into the implement.
The most common manner in which the operator commands the
hydraulically actuated component to open or close is to move a
hydraulic control handle quickly from a fully open or unactuated
position to a fully closed actuated position. The hydraulically
activated component which is structurally heavy is therefore
accelerated to significant velocities which induces momentum forces
in the accelerated component. While the hydraulic actuation devices
employed in moving the component are designed to move the component
through a finite distance, the momentum, that is the mass and
velocity of the component causes the component to continue its
travel until it strikes a portion of the implement in what is
called a hard stop. These hard stops cause the implement and the
component to experience significantly high shock loading. The
downside of this shock loading manifests itself in structural
failures especially in bearings and bearing support structures of
the implement and hydraulically actuated component.
[0003] To the question can an operator by careful attention to the
movement of the hydraulic control lever avoid this shock loading,
the answer is yes. In practice however a study of operator movement
reveals that the operator may be simultaneously controlling a
skid-steer loader movement and operation by the synchronized
movement of both hands and feet at the same time. Accordingly
normal skid-steer loader operation has the operator operating the
loader at top speed to impact material to be carried by the
implement and hydraulically actuated component that grips the
material. It is not uncommon for the impact of the skid-steer
implement with material to be moved to cause some of the material
to pass physically through or by the component and implement
resulting in damage to the hydraulic actuation apparatus or the
skid-steer loader and/or its operator.
[0004] Typical of a work attachment or construction component of
the type just described is shown in the F.P. Staken U.S. Patent No.
5,565,885 ("885) issued October 15, 1996. Of particular interest is
a work attachment or component that includes a grapple hook mounted
on the component by means of a set of two pairs of upstanding pivot
brackets formed on the implement at opposite ends of the grapple
hook. The grapple hook is caused to move from a fully open
unactuated position to a fully closed actuated position by means of
a pair of hydraulically actuated cylinders that are pivotally
secured to each end of the implement and at the other end thereof
to the grapple hook component.
[0005] When the grapple hook is moved quickly from an actuated
position to an unactuated position severe shock loading is
experienced in the pair of upstanding brackets and their respective
pivot pins. It is this type of shock loading that eventually causes
structural failure between the brackets and the implement of which
they are a part. It is also to be noted that an open space between
the pivot brackets at the opposite ends of the grapple hook allows
ready passage of material being forced into the implement such that
the material may pass through the implement and invade a front
opening of the skid-steer cab and injure the skid-steer operator.
The invention to be described hereinafter completely obviates shock
loading problems of the nature experienced in the "885 patent while
simultaneously protecting the skid-steer loader operator and the
hydraulic cylinder actuation component of the implement.
Summary of Invention
[0006] Simply stated the principal object of the invention is to
provide a method and apparatus that prevents shock load damage to a
construction implement when a hydraulically actuated component
thereof is quickly driven from a fully actuated to an unactuated
position or vice versa.
[0007] More specifically the invention is directed to a skid-steer
loader implement having a hydraulically actuated grapple component
that includes an implement having first and second spaced apart
pivot support structures and a hydraulically actuated grapple
component pivotally secured to the second pivot support structure.
A hydraulically actuated cylinder has one end of the cylinder
pivotally secured to the first pivot support structure of the
implement and is provided with a moveable piston integrally coupled
to an output actuation rod that is pivotally secured at an end
remote from the piston to the grapple component. The hydraulically
actuated cylinder has supply/return ports adjacent the ends of the
cylinder adapted to be alternately coupled to a high pressure
hydraulic fluid supply or low pressure hydraulic fluid return. The
hydraulically actuated cylinder has valve structure to
hydraulically cushion movement of the piston and associated
actuation rod as the piston moves past a supply/return port prior
to being physically stopped at the ends of the cylinder. The
actuation rod is provided with a protective shield to protect the
actuation rod surface from hostile environmental intrusions by
objects in the vicinity of the actuation rod during actuation. The
grapple component includes a pivot shaft portion that is at least
as wide or substantially wider than a grapple tooth end of the
grapple component. The second pivot support structure is comprised
of a pair of bearing support elements spaced apart such that a
grapple pivot shaft portion cooperates therewith to create a
physical barrier to any material thing that may be gripped between
the grapple component and implement.
[0008] Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus
that creates a cushioned stop for a hydraulically actuated grapple
component of a skid-steer front end loader implement.
[0009] Yet another object of the invention is a method of operating
a grapple component of an implement such that the speed of movement
of the grapple component is slowed prior to reaching extremes of
travel of the component established by the physical structure of
the implement.
[0010] Still, yet another object of the invention is to provide a
protective shield for an actuation rod of a hydraulically actuated
cylinder in all stages of actuation.
[0011] A final object of the invention is to provide a bearing
support structure for an implement such that a hydraulically
actuated component that cooperates with the implement physically
prevents any object handled by the implement and component to
intrude past the implement and the component when the implement is
in use.
[0012] In the attainment of the foregoing objects the invention
contemplates as falling within the purview of the claims a
skid-steer front end loader implement and a hydraulically actuated
grapple component adapted for use with skid-steer loader arms, such
that movement of the loader arms causes the implement and the
grapple component to move therewith.
[0013] The implement when in use with the loader arms has a portion
thereof located remote from the loader arms and another portion
adjacent the loader arms. The implement portion adjacent the loader
arms is provided with first and second spaced apart pivot support
structures that have parallel pivot support axes. The hydraulically
actuated grapple component is pivotally secured to the second pivot
support structure.
[0014] At least one hydraulically actuated cylinder that has a
tubular shaped barrel closed at one end thereof is pivotally
connected at the closed end to a first pivot support structure. The
barrel cooperates with a mating actuation piston mounted for
reciprocation in the barrel. The actuation piston is integrally
secured to one end of an actuation rod which slidably passes
through a hermetically sealed opening in the other end of the
barrel. The other end of actuation rod is pivotally connected to
grapple component for movement therewith. The barrel is provided
with a pair of spaced apart supply/return ports though a barrel
wall. The supply/return ports are positioned adjacent the ends of
the barrel. The closed end of the barrel and an end of the
actuation piston cooperate to create a chamber therebetween.
Whereas the other end of the actuation piston and the hermetically
sealed opening in the other end of the barrel creates another
chamber that includes therein the slidable actuation rod.
[0015] Alternatively hydraulically coupling one of the
supply/return ports to a high pressure supply while simultaneously
hydraulically coupling the other supply/return port to a hydraulic
return results in a differential pressure existing across the
actuation piston and causes the actuation piston and integral
actuation rod to move and thereby cause the grapple component to
pivotally move relative to the skid-steer implement.
[0016] In the most highly preferred embodiment of the invention the
actuation piston is configured to cooperate with a supply/return
port such that as an end of the actuation piston moves past either
supply/return port, return flow of hydraulic fluid through the port
is gradually diminished and movement of the actuation piston is
cushioned near the end of the actuation piston travel which results
in the grapple component experiencing a cushioned stop at both ends
of its pivotal travel.
[0017] Another feature of the invention involves the actuation rod
which has secured thereto at a point adjacent the actuation rod
pivotal connection to the grapple component a protective shield
member. The protective shield member extends toward the tubular
shaped barrel and has an overall length greater than the actuation
rod length when the actuation piston and rod are positioned at an
end of the tubular barrel nearest the grapple component to be
actuated. The protective shield is positioned such that relative
movement of the actuation rod allows the protective shield member
to continuously cover the actuation rod in all positions of the
actuation rods sliding movement.
[0018] Another significant feature of the most highly preferred
embodiment of the invention involves the structural nature of the
grapple component which has a grapple tooth portion that includes a
pivot shaft portion that may be wider than an end of the grapple
tooth portion that may come in contact with the portions of
implement remote from the loader arms when the hydraulically
actuated grapple component is in a fully actuated position. The
second pivot support structure is comprised of a pair of bearing
support ears integrally secured to the implement and spaced apart
such that the grapple tooth pivot shaft portion cooperates with the
pair of bearing support ears such that the wider pivot shaft
portion of the grapple tooth functions as a physical barrier to any
material thing or object that may be gripped between the grapple
tooth and implement that would damage the skid-steer loader if the
grapple material should be forced toward the skid-steer loader
absent the wider pivot shaft portion.
[0019] Other objects and advantages of the invention will become
more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of Drawings
[0020] FIG. 1a is an unassembled side view of the implement and
grapple tooth component of FIG. 1.
[0021] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a prior art front end loader
implement and hydraulically actuated component.
[0022] FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view of an implement and
hydraulically actuated components that embody the invention.
[0023] FIG. 4 is a side view of an implement and grapple component
that embodies the invention here shown with the grapple component
in a fully actuated position.
[0024] FIG. 5 is a side view similar to FIG. 4 with a grapple
component shown just after grapple tooth lift off from the
implement or just prior to the grapple tooth reaching a fully
actuated position.
[0025] FIG. 6 is another side view with a grapple component shown
in a partially open position.
[0026] FIG. 7. Is a side view of a grapple component just
approaching a fully unactuated position.
[0027] FIG. 7a is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 7 shown in a
circle.
[0028] FIG. 8 is a side view of a grapple component experiencing a
hard stop with the grapple component in a fully unactuated
position.
[0029] FIG. 8a is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 8 shown in a
circle.
[0030] FIG. 9 is a rear plan view of an implement and a pair of
grapple components that embody the invention.
[0031] FIG. 10 is a front plan view of an implement and a pair of
grapple components that embody the invention.
[0032] FIG. 10a is a blow up of a portion of FIG. 10 shown in a
circle.
[0033] FIG. 11 is a cross-section of a species of hydraulic
cylinder that may be employed in the practice of the invention.
[0034] FIG. 11a is a cross-section of the hydraulic cylinder of
FIG. 11 showing an actuation piston in an unactuated and actuated
position.
[0035] FIG. 11b is a cross-section of a piston approaching a
cushioned stop.
[0036] FIG. 11c is a cross-section of a piston experiencing a
cushioned stop.
[0037] FIG. 12 is a cross-section of another species of hydraulic
cylinder that may be employed in the practice of the invention.
[0038] FIG. 13 is a cross-section of the hydraulic cylinder of FIG.
12 approaching a cushioned stop.
[0039] While the invention will be described in connection with
certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to
those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all
alternatives, modifications and equivalents as are included within
the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended
claims.
Detailed Description
[0040] Reference is now made to FIG. 1 which illustrates a
skid-steer front end loader generally designated by reference
numeral 10. The front end loader 10 is conventional in its
construction and includes a hydraulically actuated lift arm 11
coupled as shown to a hydraulic actuator 13. The lift arm 11 is
provided with a loader arm 12. A second loader arm, not shown is
similarly positioned on the other side of the front end loader. A
hydraulic actuator 14 positioned as shown and the loader arms are
secured by means not shown to a work attachment 21. The work
attachment 21 is comprised of an implement 22 and hydraulically
actuated component 21. The detailed structural nature and the
manner of operation of the invention embodied in the work
attachment 23 will be explained in significant detail
hereinafter.
[0041] In order that the nature of the instant invention be
appreciated, attention is now directed to FIG. 2 in which there is
a rear perspective view of a prior art multipurpose work attachment
for a front end loader. This multipurpose work attachment is shown
in FIG. 7 of U.S. Patent No. 5,564,885. This work attachment
includes a pivotally mounted grapple hook 100. The grapple hook 100
is comprised of a plurality of forwardly and downwardly curved
hooks 102 interconnected by lateral cross bars 104, with hooks at
opposite ends being connected by pivot pins 106 to an upstanding
pair of pivot brackets 108 formed on the rear wall 62 of the
bucket. These pivot brackets 108 support the grapple hook for
assembly with the hydraulic actuators 72 which can be coupled
between the grapple hook 100 and lower mounting brackets 110 on the
bucket. Although the actuators 72 are not shown connected to
hydraulic lines the actuators respond to an external hydraulic
power supply carried by the front end loader. The grapple hook 100
is shown in its open unactuated position. The most common manner of
securing pivot brackets 108 to the rear wall 62 of the bucket is by
welding the pivot brackets 108 in place prior to installing pivot
pins 106. Because the pivot pins 106 and pivot brackets 108 support
the grapple hook structure it has been discovered that any
misalignment of the pivot axis of the pivot pins at the ends of
grapple hook 100 results in a significant twisting stress loading
of the pivot brackets 108 when these brackets are secured to the
rear wall 62. Ultimately one or both of the pivot brackets crack
and may fail where the brackets are secured to the rear wall 62 of
the bucket. The invention to be described hereinafter avoids this
type of failure. It should also be noted that there is a
significantly large open space between the pivot pins and brackets
106, 108 and the grapple hook 100 through which open space material
being grasped may invade and jam the operation of the
attachment.
[0042] FIG. 3 depicts a rear perspective view of a work attachment
21 that is comprised of an implement 22 here shown as a bucket. A
pair of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth components 23, 24 are
shown with grapple tooth component 23 in a closed or fully actuated
position. Whereas grapple tooth component 24 is shown in an open or
unactuated position. In FIG. 3 the rear wall 47 of the bucket
implement 22 is shown for purposes of illustration only with no
structural detail depicted. The missing detail is shown in FIG. 9.
This detail is not essential to the practice of the instant
invention.
[0043] In order to appreciate the structural interaction of the
various elements of the work attachment assembly 21 of FIG. 1 a
description of FIG. 1 and the exploded view of FIG. 1a will now
unfold. The implement 21 in this preferred embodiment is a bucket.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 1a and FIG. 3 it will be seen that the
implement 22 has a pair of bucket cylinder ears 25, 26. Only
cylinder ear 25 can be seen in FIGS. 1, 1a whereas both ears 25, 26
can be seen in FIG. 3. The cylinder ears 25, 26 function as a first
pivot support structure. Relatively speaking, the cylinder ears 25,
26 are positioned adjacent the loader arm(s) 12 whereas a second
pivot support structure comprised of a pair of pivot ears 27, 28 is
positioned on the implement 22 remote from the loader arms. The
first pivot support structure includes in addition to the cylinder
ears 25, 26 a pivot shaft 29 whereas the second pivot support
structure includes in addition to ears 27, 28 a pivot shaft 30. The
pivot support shafts 29 and 30 have parallel pivoted support axes.
Each of the grapple tooth components 23, 24include pairs of grapple
teeth 31, 32 and 31', 32'. (see FIG. 3) Only the structural details
of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component 23 will be
explained in detail hereinafter as the structure of grapple tooth
component 24 is identical. Accordingly, the a grapple tooth
component 23 is provided with a pair of grapple cylinder ears 33,
34 which are provided with a hydraulic actuator pivot shaft 35
positioned as shown.
[0044] When attention is directed to FIGS. 1 and 3 it will be noted
that there is a protective actuation rod shield 36 that covers a
portion of a hydraulic actuator 37. The hydraulic actuator 37 is
pivotally secured at one end thereof by means of pivot shaft 29
that cooperates with hydraulic actuator pivot support structure 38.
(see FIGS. 1a and 3) The other end of the hydraulic actuator 37 is
pivotally secured by means of pivot support shaft 35 that
cooperates with the hydraulic actuator pivot support structure 39.
A significant feature of the invention involves the manner in which
the hydraulic actuator functions. Examples of suitable hydraulic
actuators will be explained in detail in reference to the series of
illustrations of FIG. 11 and 12. The grapple component 23 is
provided with a pair of stop structures 41, 42. Each stop
structures cooperates with a stop pad, such as stop pad 43 which is
integrally secured to tubular structure 44 which stiffens the
implement and is welded to the implement 22 as shown. It should be
noted that while a stop pad is shown in the preferred embodiment,
the invention is also intended for use in environments where there
is no physical stop structure per se.
[0045] In order to appreciate the nature of the problems overcome
by the subject invention attention is now directed to a series of
illustrations namely FIGS. 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a, 8 and 8a which depict
the skid-steer implement and hydraulically actuated grapple
component 23 in a series of different operating positions.
[0046] The use of reference numerals in conjunction with the
description that follows will be minimal as the intention of
describing these figures is to explain in part the dynamic
environment in which the invention finds utility.
[0047] FIG. 4 shows a side view of the implement 21 and its
hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component 23 in a closed or
fully actuated position. FIGS. 5 and 6 depict the hydraulically
actuated grapple tooth 23 moving from a partially actuated position
towards an unactuated position. An unreferenced directional arrow
indicates the grapple tooth 23 in routine use moves back and forth
as is indicated by the directional arrow. The back and forth
movement of the grapple tooth 23 is normally very rapid. This rapid
movement coupled with the mass of the entire grapple tooth assembly
generates large momentum forces that must be accommodated by
reaction forces generated in the implement 21 at the extremes of
the grapple tooth travel as is shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 8. While
FIG. 4 shows an end of a grapple tooth 45 impacting a leading edge
46 of the bucket implement 22, the grapple tooth need not in
practice come in contact with any other portion of the implement.
For example when the implement is comprised of fork elements of the
type shown in FIG. 2 there might be no physical contact.
[0048] FIG. 7 depicts the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth
component 23 as it approaches what is termed a hard stop. In FIG.
7a there is presented an enlarged view of a circled portion of FIG.
7 where it can be seen that the stop structure 41 is approaching
the stop pad 43. Even if a skid-steer operator"s reflexes were
quick enough to command the hydraulically actuated grapple tooth
component 23 to stop its travel, the inertia of the grapple tooth
component coupled with inherent physical play between moving parts
results in the continued movement of the grapple tooth stop
structure 41 into an impact with the stop pad 43 (see FIG. 8). The
shock loading experienced in the various pivot support structures
is measured by the velocity and mass of the grapple tooth component
at the moment of impact. This impact state is most clearly shown in
FIG. 8a.
[0049] There are environments where a hydraulically actuated
component such as that depicted in the prior art arrangement of
FIG. 2 does not include a physical structure to stop the movement
of a hydraulically actuated component. In prior art FIG. 2 the
momentum of the grapple hook 100 and the shock loading experienced
at the end of the pivotal movement of the grapple hook as it comes
to a sudden stop is reacted in the lower mounting brackets 110.
Eventually this bracket may experience a fatigue failure.
[0050] Attention is now directed to FIGS. 9, 10 and 10a. In FIG. 9
there is illustrated a rear plan view of a preferred configuration
of a front end loader work attachment 21 embodying the invention
that includes a pair of hydraulically actuated grapple tooth
components 23, 24 in a raised unactuated position above the
implement bucket 22. FIG. 10 differs from FIG. 9 in that it
illustrates a front plan view of work attachment 21 with
hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component 23 raised above the
implement bucket 22 and a fully actuated grapple tooth component 24
positioned as is shown. Normally both hydraulically actuated
grapple components 23, 24 operate in unison and FIG. 10 is
presented in order that a keener appreciation of the structural
detail of the invention maybe studied. Returning now to a
description of FIG. 9 and more specifically a brief review of the
various structural components that comprise the subject invention.
The hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component 23 includes
grapple teeth 31, 32. A protective barrier plate 40 is integrally
secured to the grapple teeth 31, 32. Structural support webbing 48,
49 is shown integrally secured to the protective barrier plate 40.
Hydraulic actuation pivot support structure is mounted on a pivot
shaft not referenced in this figure. The protective actuation rod
shield 36 of the invention is clearly shown with an unreferenced
portion of the protective shield 36 extending under a hydraulic
line protective cover 50 not shown in earlier figures but present
in the preferred embodiment. Bucket cylinder ears 25, 26 provide a
pivotal mount structure for hydraulic actuation cylinder pivot
support structure 38. The rear wall 47 of the bucket implement 22
has integrally formed thereon grapple pivot ears 27, 28. Integrally
secured to protective barrier plate 40 is a grapple pivot bushing
or sleeve portion 40a which has passing there through pivot shaft
30. Pivot support axis 19 and 20 are parallel to each other.
[0051] Problems that arise in attempting to axially align pairs of
support brackets at the ends of grapple tooth component are
diminished significantly by the employment of only two bucket pivot
ears 27, 28 rather than four support brackets as is the case with
the prior art as is shown in FIG. 2. With the protective barrier
plate 40 integrally connected to the grapple pivot bushing portion
40a there is established a physical barrier to any material thing
that maybe gripped between the grapple component 23 and the bucket
implement 22 that would damage the loader 10, hoses, fittings or
hydraulic actuator 37 if the gripped material should be forced
toward the loader absent the protective plate 40 secured to the
pivot bushing portion 40a. In the front plan view of FIG. 10 the
hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component 23 is shown in a
raised unactuated position and FIG. 10a represents an enlarge
cross-sectional view of the detailed construction of the grapple
cylinder ear 28, grapple tooth 32 and pivot shaft 30. Lubrication
passages 51, 52 are provided in the pivot shaft 30 and a grease
fitting not shown maybe installed in the end of pivot shaft 30.
Hardened steel bearing surfaces are also intended to be
incorporated in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0052] FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate two different types of hydraulic
actuation cylinders that maybe utilized in the practice of the
invention.
[0053] The hydraulic actuation cylinder of FIG. 11 is a species of
actuation cylinder that is intended to provide a cushioned stop of
a grapple tooth component as the grapple tooth component approaches
a raised unactuated position.
[0054] The hydraulic actuation cylinder of FIG. 12 is another
species of actuation cylinder that will provide a cushioned stop of
a grapple tooth component at both actuated and unactuated positions
of travel of the grapple tooth component.
[0055] In FIG. 11 hydraulic actuator 37 is shown in partial section
with pivot support structures 38, 39 disposed at either end
thereof. The hydraulic actuator is comprised of a hydraulic
actuation cylinder having a tubular shaped barrel 55 which is
closed at one end by a plate 56. The inside of the barrel 55
cooperates with a mating actuation piston 57 mounted for
reciprocation in the barrel 55. An actuation rod 58 is integrally
secured to the piston 57 in the manner shown. The actuation rod 58,
as can be seen on the right hand side of FIG. 11, slidably passes
through an unreferenced opening in hermetic seal 59. The barrel 55
is provided with a pair of spaced apart supply/return ports 60, 61
which communicate through barrel 55 by means of orifices 63, 64.
The closed end of the barrel 55 defined by plate 56, the barrel 55
and the end of the piston 57 establish a chamber on one side of the
piston 57. The other end of the piston 57, the barrel 55 and the
hermetic seal 59 define another chamber.
[0056] Alternately hydraulically coupling one of the supply/return
ports 60, 61 to a high pressure supply while simultaneously
hydraulically coupling the other supply/return port to a hydraulic
return results in a differential pressure existing across the
actuation piston and causes the actuation piston 57 and integral
actuation rod 58 to move and thereby cause the grapple component to
pivotally move relative to the implement 22. The embodiment of the
invention as depicted in FIG. 11 has the piston 57 configured to
cooperate with the supply/return port 60 such that as an end of the
actuation piston 57 moves past the orifice 63 of supply/return port
60, the return flow of hydraulic fluid through the port 60 is
gradually diminished and movement of the actuation piston 57 is
cushioned near the end of the actuation piston travel which results
in the grapple component experiencing a cushioned stop at an end of
its pivotal movement.
[0057] The detailed nature of the dynamic operation of hydraulic
actuation cylinder 37 when in an actuation mode will be understood
when FIGS. 11a, 11b are studied in conjunction with the explanation
that follows.
[0058] FIG. 11a depicts in the left hand portion thereof an
actuator piston 57 in an initial position representative of a
hydraulically actuated grapple tooth component in an unactuated
position. In order to actuate piston 57 an operator in the front
end loader will cause a source of hydraulic fluid under high
pressure to be delivered to supply port 60 which will cause a high
pressure to appear in port 60 and in the chamber to left of piston
57. Simultaneously with the delivery of high pressure hydraulic
fluid to supply port 60, port 61 will be connected to a low
pressure return. This just describe state will cause a differential
pressure to appear across the piston 57 and cause actuation rod 58
to move towards the right. The right hand portion of FIG. 11 shows
the piston 57 in a fully actuated position.
[0059] FIG. 11b is intended to show actuation piston 57 as it
approaches a full unactuated position. It is important to note that
the left hand end of piston 57 has a slightly reduced diameter 65,
here shown in a somewhat exaggerated detail. When a high pressure
source of hydraulic fluid is delivered to the right side of piston
57 via supply port 61 (FIG. 11) and port 60 is connected to a low
pressure return, the piston 57 and associated actuation rod 58 move
towards the left.
[0060] FIG. 11c shows piston 57 in a full unactuated position where
hydraulic fluid in a chamber to the left of piston 57 where
hydraulic fluid in the chamber is forced through a space between
the reduced outer diameter of piston 57 and the barrel 55. The
dynamic action of the forced flow of hydraulic fluid past the
reduced diameter piston 65 results in a gradual or soft stop of the
piston 57, actuation rod 58 and an attached grapple component
described earlier. Although not shown in FIGS. 11, 11a, 11b and 11c
it is to be understood that the right hand end of piston 57 could
also be provided with a reduced diameter portion of the piston
which would provide a cushioned stop when the actuator is commanded
to a full actuation.
[0061] FIGS. 12 and 13 are intended to show another piston/barrel
configuration that will when employed establish a cushioned or soft
stop with both full unactuated and actuated positions. In the
description that follows where appropriate similar reference
numerals will be employed to designate similar elements, however, a
prime mark above the numeral will be added.
[0062] Accordingly, the piston 57' shown in FIG. 12 is in an
unactuated position as was the piston 57 in FIGS. 11. The piston
57', however, is provided with a pair of reduced diameter regions
66, 67 each of which includes passages 68, 69 that communicate with
chamber on both sides of the piston 57'. The barrel 55' is provided
with orifices 63', 63a that communicate with supply/return port 60'
and orifice 64', 64a' within supply/return port 61'. The actuation
operation of the just described arrangement is similar to that
described with reference to FIGS. 11, 11a.. In FIG. 13 the piston
57' is shown as it approaches a cushioned or soft stop at an
unactuated state. When the piston 57' is driven to the right a
conditioned or soft stop is experienced at full actuated state.
[0063] The just described cushioned stops at the end of an
actuation cylinder stroke would also find utility in the angling of
a rotary rake, the positioning of a cold planer, backhoe and grader
implements for skid-steer loaders to name a few.
* * * * *