U.S. patent application number 09/908620 was filed with the patent office on 2002-04-11 for dvd-audio disk, and apparatus and method for recording data on and/or reproducing data from the same.
This patent application is currently assigned to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Invention is credited to Heo, Jung-Kwon.
Application Number | 20020041557 09/908620 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46276224 |
Filed Date | 2002-04-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020041557 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Heo, Jung-Kwon |
April 11, 2002 |
DVD-Audio disk, and apparatus and method for recording data on
and/or reproducing data from the same
Abstract
A DVD-Audio which includes a data zone for storing data to be
reproduced and an information zone for storing information on the
data to be reproduced. The information zone includes directories of
a video title set (VIDEO_TS) and an audio title set (AUDIO_TS). The
AUDIO_TS directory includes information on an audio manager (AMG)
having information on audio titles. The data zone includes the
audio titles each having an audio title set information (ATSI)
followed by a plurality of contiguous audio objects (AOBs). The
ATSI includes a plurality of audio stream attributes each having an
audio coding mode, first to third quantization bit numbers, first
to third sampling frequencies and decoding algorithm information
relating to the number of audio channels. Each of the AOBs includes
a plurality of audio packs recorded with audio data corresponding
to the decoding algorithm stored in the audio stream attribute.
Inventors: |
Heo, Jung-Kwon; (Seoul,
KR) |
Correspondence
Address: |
STAAS & HALSEY LLP
700 11TH STREET, NW
SUITE 500
WASHINGTON
DC
20001
US
|
Assignee: |
Samsung Electronics Co.,
Ltd
Suwon-city
KR
|
Family ID: |
46276224 |
Appl. No.: |
09/908620 |
Filed: |
July 20, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09908620 |
Jul 20, 2001 |
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09047363 |
Mar 25, 1998 |
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09047363 |
Mar 25, 1998 |
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08921082 |
Aug 29, 1997 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
369/59.21 ;
386/E9.017; G9B/19.017; G9B/19.018; G9B/19.02; G9B/20.001;
G9B/20.014; G9B/27.019; G9B/27.033; G9B/27.05 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G11B 20/10527 20130101;
H04N 5/85 20130101; G11B 19/122 20130101; G11B 2220/211 20130101;
G11B 19/12 20130101; G11B 2020/10592 20130101; G11B 27/329
20130101; G11B 27/3027 20130101; G11B 27/105 20130101; G11B
2020/10546 20130101; G11B 19/125 20130101; G11B 20/00007 20130101;
G11B 2220/2562 20130101; H04N 9/8063 20130101; H04N 9/8042
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
369/59.21 |
International
Class: |
G11B 007/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 25, 1997 |
KR |
10330/1997 |
Oct 9, 1997 |
KR |
51861/1997 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for reproducing data from a DVD-Audio disk having
an audio manager (AMG) having information on an audio title (ATS)
and the ATS having audio title set information (ATSI) followed by
contiguous audio objects (AOBs), the ATSI includes audio stream
attributes, each audio stream attribute indicating an audio coding
mode, a first, second, or third quantization bit number
corresponding to the data to be reproduced, a first, second, third,
fourth, fifth, or sixth sampling frequency corresponding to the
data to be reproduced, and decoding algorithm information relating
to a number of audio channels of the data to be reproduced, and
each of the AOBs includes a plurality of audio packs recorded with
audio data corresponding to the decoding algorithm stored in the
audio stream attribute, the apparatus comprising: a data receiver
to receive the audio data retrieved from the DVD-Audio disk; a
controller to generate an audio control signal including the audio
coding mode, the sampling frequency of the six potential sampling
frequencies, the number of audio channels, and the detected one of
the first through third quantization bit numbers based upon
information on the audio data; an audio decoder to decode the audio
data, to multi-channel mix, to sampling-frequency convert, to
requantize the decoded audio signal according to the audio control
signal, and to generate an output decoded audio data; and an audio
output circuit to convert the output decoded audio data into an
analog audio signal.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the audio coding
mode is linear pulse code modulated (PCM) audio, the first through
third quantization bit numbers are respectively 16 bits, 20 bits
and 24 bits, and the first through sixth sampling frequencies are
respectively 48 KHz, 96 KHz, 192 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz, and 176.4
KHz.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the audio coding
mode is a compression coding system, the first through third
quantization bit numbers of the audio data before compression are
respectively 16 bits, 20 bits and 24 bits, and the first through
sixth sampling frequencies are respectively 48 KHz, 96 KHz, 192
KHz, 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz, and 176.4 KHz.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said audio decoder
further comprises audio decoding circuits to decode the audio data,
to multi-channel mix, sampling-frequency convert, and to requantize
the decoded audio signal according to the audio control signal,
wherein each audio decoding circuit corresponds to an audio coding
mode.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein said audio decoder
further comprises a stream selector to select one of the audio
streams which comprise the audio data according to the audio coding
mode control signal to deliver the selected audio stream to the
corresponding one of the audio decoding circuits, and the audio
decoding circuits comprise a linear pulse code modulated (PCM)
decoding circuit to decode the selected audio stream when the
selected audio stream is a linear PCM audio stream, and to sampling
frequency convert, to multichannel downmix, and to requantize the
decoded linear PCM audio stream according to the audio control
signal, and a coding data decoding circuit to decode the selected
audio stream when the selected audio stream is a compression coded
audio stream by a corresponding extension algorithm, and to
sampling frequency convert, to multichannel downmix, and to
requantize the decoded compression coded audio stream according to
the audio control signal.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said data receiver
further corrects errors in the read data; said audio decoder
comprises: a linear PCM decoder, a Dolby AC-3 decoder, a coding
data decoder, and an MPEG decoder; and said controller drives the
corresponding one of the linear PCM decoder, Dolby AC-3 decoder,
coding data decoder, and MPEG decoder, to decode the audio data
based upon the audio coding mode of the corrected audio data.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a
digital processor to filter the decoded audio data.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first through
sixth sampling frequencies comprise at least two sampling
frequencies above 100 Khz.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein two of the first
through sixth sampling frequencies comprise 192 KHz and 176.4
KHz.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ATSI further
comprises value fields, and the first through six sampling
frequencies are indicated by corresponding states of two of the
value fields, and said controller further determines which of the
first through six sampling frequencies is the sampling frequency
from the states of the two value fields.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein one of the two
value fields indicates whether the sampling frequency is above 100
Khz.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein one of the two
value fields indicates whether the sampling frequency is one of
176.4 Khz and 192 Khz.
13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein, one of the two
value fields indicates whether the sampling frequency is one of
176.4 Khz and 192 Khz, the other of the two value fields has a
state that indicates the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192
Khz, and said controller further detects the one value field to
determine whether the sampling frequency is one of 176.4 Khz and
192 Khz, and the state of the other value field to determine
whether the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192 Khz.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein, a first of the
two value fields has a first or a second state, the first state
indicates the sampling frequency is one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and
176.4 KHz, and the second state indicates the sampling frequency is
one of 48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein a second of the
two value fields has three states, and said controller further
detects the first or second state of the first value field to
determine whether the sampling frequency is one of one of 44.1 KHz,
88.2 KHz and 176.4 KHz, or one of 48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz, and
one of the three states of the second value field to determine
whether the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192 Khz.
16. An apparatus for reproducing data from a DVD-Audio disk having
an audio manager (AMG) having information on an audio title (ATS)
and the ATS has audio title set information (ATSI) followed by
contiguous audio objects (AOBs) having audio data, the apparatus
comprising: a data receiver to receive the audio data retrieved
from the DVD-Audio disk; a controller to generate an audio control
signal, and to detect a sampling frequency differentiated from six
sampling frequencies using the ATSI of the received audio data; and
an audio decoder to decode the audio data, to sampling-frequency
convert the decoded audio signal according to the audio control
signal, and to generate an output decoded audio data.
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein two of the six
sampling frequencies potentially detected by said controller
comprise 192 KHz and 176.4 KHz.
18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the ATSI further
comprises value fields, and the first through six the sampling
frequencies are indicated by corresponding states of two of the
value fields, and said controller further determines which of the
first through sixth sampling frequencies is the sampling frequency
from the corresponding states of the two value fields.
19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein one of the two
value fields indicates whether the sampling frequency is above 100
Khz.
20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein one of the two
value fields indicates whether the sampling frequency is one of
176.4 Khz and 192 Khz.
21. The apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein, another of the
two value fields a state that indicates the sampling frequency is
176.4 Khz or 192 Khz, and said controller further detects the one
value field to determine whether the sampling frequency is one of
176.4 Khz and 192 Khz, and the state of the other value field to
determine whether the sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192
Khz.
22. The apparatus as claimed in claim 18, wherein, a first of the
two value fields has a first or a second state, the first state
indicates the sampling frequency is one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz and
176.4 KHz, and the second state indicates the sampling frequency is
one of 48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz.
23. The apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein a second of the
value fields has three states, and said controller further detects
the first or the second state of the first value field to determine
whether the sampling frequency is one of one of 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz
and 176.4 KHz, or one of 48 KHz, 96 KHz, and 192 KHz, and one of
the three states of the second value field to determine whether the
sampling frequency is 176.4 Khz or 192 Khz.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Korean Application
No. 10330/1997, filed Mar. 25, 1997 and Korean Application No.
51861/1997, filed Oct. 9,1997, in the Korean Patent Office, and
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/047,363 filed in the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office on Mar. 25, 1998, now pending, which is
a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
08/921,082, now abandoned, the disclosures of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to a digital versatile disk
(DVD), and an apparatus and method for playing the DVD, and more
particularly, to an audio DVD (hereinafter referred to as
"DVD-Audio") and an apparatus and method for playing the same.
[0004] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0005] Recently, there has been developed a so-called video DVD
(hereinafter referred to as "DVD-Video"), which has a considerably
higher storage capacity than a laser disk (LD) so as to realize a
significantly improved picture and sound quality. If the DVD is
employed to store and retrieve only audio data, such DVD is called
a DVD-Audio. The DVD-Audio provides means for storing and
retrieving a large amount of audio data having a significantly
improved quality compared to a compact disk (CD) or a digital audio
tape (DAT).
[0006] The conventional CD stores an audio signal as linear pulse
code modulated (PCM) audio data quantized into 16 bits by employing
a sampling frequency of 44.1 KHz. The digital data stored in the CD
is converted into analog signals by means of a CD player. The CD is
much more convenient to use as compared to the previous microgroove
phonograph record (LP), but is regarded as having a lower sound
quality than the analog LP. This is because the audio signals are
sampled at 44.1 KHz and quantized into 16 bits to be stored into a
CD. Moreover, the audible frequency range may be over 20 KHz, and
the dynamic range must be over 120 dB. In addition, the CD can only
store audio signals of at most two channels, and therefore is
impossible to store and reproduce the audio data concerned with
multi-channel music. In these circumstances, there have been
proposed various methods to improve the sound quality of the CD by
increasing the numbers of the sampling frequency and the audio
channels.
[0007] The DVD provides means to record video and audio data at
high density. In this case, the video data is recorded in the MPEG
(Moving Picture Expert Group) while the audio data is recorded in
the linear PCM format, dolby AC-3 format, MPEG format, etc. Hence,
the DVD-Video player is designed to reproduce both video and audio
data recorded in a DVD-Video. Such a DVD-Video prepared to
necessarily store video data is very uneconomical in view of the
storage space when used for storing audio data only.
[0008] The audio data recorded in a DVD-Video has a much higher
quality than that in a CD since the audio data of the DVD has a
higher sampling frequency and larger numbers of quantization bits
and channels than that of the CD. Namely, the DVD player reproduces
high quality audio data in multiple channels.
[0009] The DVD is possible to transfer data at 10.08 Mbps at most.
This makes it possible to reproduce data sampled at 192 KHz in two
channels. This also approaches the maximum sampling frequency
proposed as a prerequisite for the next advanced audio system at
the Advanced Digital Audio Conference held in Japan in April, 1996.
Thus, if audio data are recorded in a DVD-Audio, the DVD player may
reproduce sounds of a significantly improved quality over that
reproduced from the DVD-Video.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] It is an object of the present invention to provide a
DVD-Audio for storing digital audio signals sampled at the maximum
sampling frequency and quantized in the maximum number of bits with
the number of channels limited by the data transfer speed in linear
PCM.
[0011] It is another object of the present invention to provide a
DVD-Audio for compressively coding digital audio signals sampled at
the maximum sampling frequency and quantized in the maximum number
of bits and storing them with the number of channels limited by the
data transfer speed and the coding system in linear PCM.
[0012] It is still another object of the present invention to
provide a DVD player for playing a DVD-Audio recorded in linear PCM
and a method therefor.
[0013] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
DVD player for playing a DVD-Audio recorded with audio data
compressively coded and a method therefor.
[0014] It is further another object of the present invention to
provide a DVD player for properly playing a DVD-Video or DVD-Audio
by distinguishing them.
[0015] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a
DVD-Audio includes a data zone for storing data to be reproduced
and an information zone for storing information on the data, the
information zone including directories of a video title set
(VIDEO-TS) and an audio title set (AUDIO_TS), wherein the AUDIO_TS
directory includes information on an audio manager (AMG) having
information on audio titles, wherein the data zone includes the
audio titles each having audio title set information (ATSI)
followed by a plurality of contiguous audio objects (AOBs), the
ATSI includes a plurality of audio stream attributes each having an
audio coding mode indicator, first to third quantization bit
numbers, first to third sampling frequencies and decoding algorithm
information relating to the number of audio channels, and each of
the AOBs includes a plurality of audio packs recorded with audio
data corresponding to the decoding algorithm stored in the audio
stream attribute.
[0016] According to a second aspect, an apparatus for playing the
inventive DVD-Audio includes a data receiver for receiving the
audio data retrieved from the DVD-Audio, a controller for
generating an audio control signal containing an audio coding mode
indicator, a sampling frequency, a channel number and quantization
information by analyzing information on the audio data or stopping
the playing operation according to whether the AUDIO_TS is detected
to have effective data, an audio decoder to decode the received
audio data and to multi-channel mix, sampling-frequency convert and
requantize the decoded audio signal according to the audio control
signal, and an audio output circuit to convert the decoded audio
data into an analog audio signal.
[0017] According to a third aspect, a method for playing the
inventive DVD-Audio includes the steps of locating the AMG when the
AUDIO_TS directory includes an effective data, checking out all
information of the DVD-Audio from the information of the AMG,
reading the data of the position of an audio title selected
according to the position information of the AMG when receiving a
command for reproducing the audio title, and setting the audio
decoder to carry out the algorithm for reproducing the audio title
by reading the audio stream attribute of the audio title set
information management table (ATSI AMT).
[0018] The present invention will now be described more
specifically with reference to the drawings attached only by way of
example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] FIG. 1 is an example of the directory structure of a
DVD;
[0020] FIG. 2 is an example of the logical data structure of a
DVD;
[0021] FIG. 3 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the
video manager (VMG) and VTS;
[0022] FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the
VMG of a DVD;
[0023] FIG. 5 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
title search pointer table (UTSRPT) of a DVD;
[0024] FIG. 6 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
video title set information (VTSI);
[0025] FIG. 7 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
video title set management table (VTSI_MAT);
[0026] FIG. 8A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of the
video title set audio stream attribute table (VTS_AST_ATRT);
[0027] FIG. 8B is a diagram for illustrating the internal structure
of VTS_AST_ATRT;
[0028] FIG. 9A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
multi-channel audio stream attribute table of a video title set
(VTS_MU_AST_ATRT);
[0029] FIG. 9B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
multi-channel audio stream attribute (1) of a video title set
(VTS_MU_AST_ATR(1));
[0030] FIGS. 9C and 9D are diagrams for illustrating the structure
of the VTS_MU_AST_ATR(2);
[0031] FIG. 10 is a diagram for illustrating a logical structure of
the DVD-Audio;
[0032] FIG. 11 is a diagram for illustrating the structures of an
audio manager (AMG) and audio title set (ATS) of the DVD-Audio;
[0033] FIG. 12 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio manager information (AMGI) of the DVD-Audio;
[0034] FIG. 13 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) of the DVD-Audio;
[0035] FIG. 14 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio title set information (ATSI) of the DVD-Audio;
[0036] FIG. 15 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio title set information management table (ATSI_MAT) of the
DVD-Audio;
[0037] FIG. 16 is a diagram for illustrating the internal structure
of an audio stream attribute of an audio title set menu
(ATSM_AST_ATR) of the DVD-Audio;
[0038] FIG. 17A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio stream attribute table of an audio title set (ATS_AST_ATRT)
of the DVD-Audio;
[0039] FIG. 17B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio stream attribute of an audio title set (ATS_AST_ATR) of the
DVD-Audio;
[0040] FIG. 1 8A is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
multi-channel audio stream attribute of an audio title set
(ATS_MU_AST_ATR) of the DVD-Audio;
[0041] FIG. 18B is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
first extension of a multi-channel audio stream attribute of an
audio title set (ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(1)) of the DVD-Audio;
[0042] FIG. 18C is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
second extension of a multi-channel audio stream attribute of the
audio title set (ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(2)) of the DVD-Audio;
[0043] FIG. 19 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an
audio object set (AOBS) of the DVD-Audio;
[0044] FIG. 20 is a diagram for illustrating a pack structure of
the DVD-Audio;
[0045] FIGS. 21A to 21D are diagrams for illustrating various pack
structures of the DVD-Audio;
[0046] FIG. 22 is a diagram for illustrating a linear PCM audio
packet in the audio pack as shown in FIG. 21A;
[0047] FIG. 23 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
linear PCMA audio frame of the DVD-Audio;
[0048] FIGS. 24A to 24C are diagrams for illustrating a sample data
arrangement of the linear PCM;
[0049] FIG. 25 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a
linear audio packet of the DVD-Audio;
[0050] FIG. 26 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a DTS
audio packet of the DVD-Audio;
[0051] FIG. 27 is a block diagram for illustrating the functional
structure of a DVD-Audio player according to a first embodiment of
the present invention;
[0052] FIG. 28 is a block diagram for illustrating the structure of
an audio decoder as shown in FIG. 27;
[0053] FIG. 29 is a block diagram for illustrating the functional
structure of a DVD-Audio/DVD-Video player according to a second
embodiment of the present invention;
[0054] FIG. 30 is a block diagram for illustrating the structure of
an audio/video decoder as shown in FIG. 29;
[0055] FIG. 31 is a flow chart for illustrating the process of
reproducing audio data from a DVD-Audio in the DVD-Audio player;
and
[0056] FIG. 32 is a flow chart for illustrating the operation of an
audio decoder in the DVD-Audio player.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0057] In the attached drawings, the same reference numerals are
used to represent parts serving the same functions and detailed
descriptions are omitted concerning the parts not essential to
describe the inventive concept, for convenience's sake.
[0058] The data structure of the DVD-Audio is similar to that of
the DVD-Video. Hence, the DVD-Audio includes a data zone to record
the audio data and an information zone to record the information on
the audio data. The DVD player may be embodied in the form of a
DVD-Audio player or a DVD-Audio/Video player. Of course, the DVD
player has a mechanism to determine whether an inserted DVD is a
DVD-Audio or DVD-Video. The inventive DVD-Audio has almost the same
structure as the DVD-Video with some partly changed data structure
to achieve the audio data of high quality.
[0059] The fundamental file structure recorded in the information
zone of the DVD-Audio is as shown in FIG. 1 for illustrating a
directory structure for the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio. The directory
structure generally includes a video title set directory
(VIDEO_TS), audio title set directory (AUDIO_TS) and a user defined
directory. Each of the directories contains a plurality of files of
which the names shall be assigned. The directory structure is to
represent the locations of the files in the disk. The files
connected to the VIDEO_TS are prepared for the DVD-Video and
DVD-Video player while those connected to the AUDIO_TS are prepared
for the DVD-Audio and DVD-Audio player.
[0060] Generally, each of the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio contains both
VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS. However, the DVD-Video has the AUDIO_TS
emptied (all of the information on the data stored in the DVD-Video
disk being contained in the VIDEO_TS) while the DVD-Audio has the
AUDIO_TS containing the information on the positions of the audio
titles recorded on the disk and the VIDEO_TS also containing the
information on the positions of the titles of reproducible
information (spec: e.g., sampling frequency) in the DVD-Video
player. Hence, if a DVD has no effective data in the AUDIO_TS, it
is determined as being DVD-Video, or otherwise, i.e., if the DVD
player detects effective data in the AUDIO_TS, it determines the
disk as being DVD-Audio. Namely, the DVD player detects the
AUDIO_TS of a DVD to distinguish DVD-Video and DVD-Audio.
[0061] The logical data structure of DVD-Video is illustrated in
FIG. 1. The concept of the logical data structure of DVD-Video
includes structure of a volume space, structure of a video manager
(VMG), structure of a video title set (VTS), and structure of a
video object set (VOBS).
[0062] Describing the logical data structure of the volume space
with reference to FIG. 2, it includes the volume and file
structure, single DVD-Video zone and DVD others zone. The DVD-
Video zone, which shall be assigned for the data structure of the
DVD-Video, includes a single VMG and VTSs numbering from at least 1
to a maximum of 99. The VMG is allocated at the leading part of the
DVD-Video zone. Each VTS includes between 3 and 12 files.
[0063] Referring to FIG. 3 for illustrating the VMG and VTS
structure, all VOBs are recorded in contiguous blocks. Each VOB
includes video, audio and sub-picture data. The VMG includes a
video manager information file (VMGI) as control data, video
manager menu file of the VOBs (VMGM_VOBS) and VGMI backup file.
Each VTS includes VTSI as control data, a video title set menu of
VOBS (VTSM_VOBS), a video title set title of VOBS (VTSTT_VOBS) and
a VTSI backup file. The VTSTT_VOBS includes a plurality of cells
(C_IDN). In the drawing, C_IDN# indicates cell ID number within a
VOBS, and VOB_IDN# VOB ID number within a VOBS.
[0064] Referring to FIG. 4, the VMGI describes information on the
related VIDEO_TS directory. The VMGI starts with a video manager
information management table (VMGI_MAT), followed by a title search
pointer table (TT_SRPT), followed by a video manager menu PGCI unit
table (VMGM_PGCI_UT), followed by a parental management information
table (PTL_MAIT), followed by a video title set attribute table
(VTS_ATRT), followed by a text data manager (TXTDT_MG), followed by
a video manager menu cell address table (VMGM_C_ADT), followed by a
video manager menu video object unit address map
(VMGM_VOBU_ADMAP).
[0065] Referring to FIG. 5 for describing search information of a
video title under the VIDEO_TS directory, the TT_SRPT starts with
TT_SRPT information (TT_SRPTI) followed by title search pointers
(TT_SRPs) for every title under the VIDEO_TS directory. The title
number # ranges from 1 to 99.
[0066] Referring to FIG. 6, the VTSI provides information for one
or more video titles and the video title set menu (VTSM). The VTSI
describes the management information of these titles such as the
information to search the part_of title (PTT) and the information
to play back the video object set (VOBS), and the video title set
menu (VTSM), as well as the information on the attribute of the
VOBS.
[0067] The VTSI starts with a video title set information
management table (VTSI MAT), followed by a video title set part
of_title search pointer table (VTS_PTT_SPRT), followed by a video
title set program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT), followed by
a video title set menu PGCI unit table (VTSM_PGCI_UT), followed by
a video title set time map table (VTS_TMAPT), followed by a video
title set menu cell address table (VTSM_C_ADT), followed by a video
title set menu video object unit address map (VTSM_VOBU_ADMAP),
followed by a video title set cell address table (VTS C_ADT),
followed by a video title set video object unit address map
(VTS_VOBU_ADMAP) as shown in FIG. 6.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 7, the VTSI_MAT describes the start
address of each piece of information in the VTSI and the attribute
of the VOBS in the VTS. In this VTSI_MAT, the audio stream
attribute table of the VTS (VTS_AST_ATRT) of RBP 516 to 579 stores
8 VTS_AST_ATRs #0 to #7 as shown in FIG. 8A. Each VTS_AST_ATR
includes 8 bytes arranged as shown in FIG. 8B. Each field value
represents the internal information of the audio stream of the
VTSM_VOBS. Describing the contents of one VTS_AST_ATR with
reference to FIG. 8B, the audio coding mode of b63 to b61 is as
shown in the following Table 1:
1 TABLE 1 b63-b61 Audio Coding Mode 000b Dolby AC-3 010b MPEG-1 ot
MPEG-2 without extension bit stream 011b MPEG-2 with extension
bitstream 100b Linear PCM audio 110b DTS (option) 111b SDDS
(option) Others reserved
[0069] The multichannel extension of b60 is to store information on
whether the multichannel extension is made or not. Namely, 0b
represents the multichannel extension not selected while 1 b
represents the multichannel extension selected according to the
information of the VTS_MU_AST_ATRT recorded in RBP 792 to 983 of
the VTSI_MAT shown in FIG. 7.
[0070] The audio type of b59 to b58 is as shown in Table 2.
2 TABLE 2 b59-b58 audio type 00b Not specified 01b Language
included Others reserved
[0071] The audio application mode of b57 to b56 is as shown in the
following Table 3.
3 TABLE 3 b57-b56 audio application mode 00b not specified 01b
Karaoke mode 10b Surround mode 11b reserved
[0072] For the quantization/DRC of b55 to b54, when the audio
coding mode is `000b`, `11b` is recorded. When the audio coding
mode is `010b` or `011b`, the quantization/ DRC is defined as:
[0073] 00b: Dynamic range control data do not exist in MPEG audio
stream
[0074] 01b: Dynamic range control data exist in MPEG audio
stream
[0075] 10b: reserved
[0076] 11b: reserved
[0077] When the audio coding mode `100b`, then the quantization/DRC
is defined as in the following Table 4.
4 TABLE 4 b55-b54 Quantization DRC 00b 16 bits 01b 20 bits 10b 24
bits 11b reserved
[0078] The sampling frequency fs of b53 to b52 is as shown in Table
5.
5 TABLE 5 B53-b52 fs 00b 48 KHz 01b 96 KHz 10b reserved 11b
reserved
[0079] The number of audio channels stored in b50 to b48 is as
shown in Table 6.
6 TABLE 6 b50-b48 No. of Audio Channels 000b 1ch (mono) 001b 2ch
(stereo) 010b 3ch (multichannel) 011b 4ch (multichannel) 100b 5ch
(multichannel) 101b 6ch (multichannel) 110b 7ch (multichannel) 111b
8ch (multichannel) Others reserved
[0080] In addition, the multichannel audio stream attribute table
of the VTS of RBP 792 to 983 in the VTSI MAT of FIG. 7 provides the
VTS_MU_AST_ATRs #0 to #7 of 8 audio streams as shown in FIG. 9A.
Each VTS_MU_AST_ATR includes a VTS_MU_AST ATR (1) of 8 bytes as
shown in FIG. 9B and a VTS_MU_AST_ATR (2) of 16 bytes as shown in
FIGS. 9C and 9D.
[0081] Thus, the information zone VIDEO_TS of the DVD-Video is
constructed as shown in FIGS. 2 to 9D. Such a DVD-Video stores both
video and audio data, and therefore can not provide audio data of
good quality. Hence, it is impossible to record the audio data on a
DVD-Video at the maximum rate 10.08 Mbps of the DVD. Namely, the
maximum bit rate to record the audio data on the DVD-Video is 6.75
Mbps, and the maximum sampling frequency 96 KHz. The linear PCM
multichannel audio data recorded on the DVD-Video is as shown in
Table 7.
7TABLE 7 Fs Qb Maximum Number of Channels Maximum Bit Rate 48 KHz
16 bit 8ch 6.144 Mbps 48 KHz 20 bit 6ch 5.760 Mbps 48 KHz 24 bit
5ch 5.760 Mbps 96 KHz 16 bit 4ch 6.144 Mbps 96 KHz 20 bit 3ch 5.760
Mbps 96 KHz 24 bit 2ch 4.608 Mbps
[0082] The present invention is to provide a DVD-Audio for
recording only audio data not including video data. Hence, the
DVD-Audio can store multichannel audio data in the range of the
maximum bit rate 10.08 Mbps of the DVD, which is different from the
DVD-Video. Thus, the DVD-Audio may use the sampling frequency of at
most 192 KHz, and extend the number of the audio channels to
13.
[0083] The file structure stored in the information zone of the
DVD-Audio is essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1. The files
included in the AUDIO_TS directory are to provide for the DVD-Audio
and its player. Hence, the DVD-Audio has both AUDIO_TS and
VIDEO_TS, where the VIDEO_TS stores the positional information of
the VMG and titles which are reproducible in a DVD-Video player.
The AUDIO_TS stores the positional information of the AMG and
titles which are reproducible in a DVD-Audio player. The DVD player
determines whether an inserted DVD is DVD-Audio or not by checking
the contents of the audio title set directory AUDIO_TS.
[0084] Referring to FIG. 10, the logical data structure of the
DVD-Audio includes structure of a volume space, structure of an
audio manager (AMG), structure of an audio title set (ATS), and
structure of an audio object set (AOBS). The volume space includes
the volume and file structure, a single DVD-Audio zone and DVD
others zone. The DVD-Audio zone, which is assigned for the data
structure of the DVD-Audio, includes a single AMG and VTSS
numbering from at least 1 to a maximum of 99. The AMG is allocated
at the leading part of the DVD-Audio zone, including 2 or 3 files.
Each VTS includes between 3 and 12 files.
[0085] The AMG and ATS are structured similar to the VMG and VTS of
the DVD-Video, as shown in FIGS. 11-17C. However, the data
structure for the linear PCM and pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic
coded data (PLPCD) of the DVD-Audio is not proper for processing
the linear PCM, lossless coded data or PLPCD according to the new
sampling frequency of the DVD-Audio. Therefore, the data structures
of the AMG and ATS are made somewhat different from that of the VMG
and VTS. Namely, the part allocated for the sampling frequency and
channel number in the part allocated for the audio attribute of the
VMG and VTS is extended for the AMG and ATS.
[0086] Referring to FIG. 11 for illustrating the AMG and ATS
structures, all AOBs are recorded in contiguous blocks. The AMG
includes an audio manager information file (AMGI) as control data,
an audio manager menu file of the AOBs (AMGM_AOBS) and an AGMI
backup file. Each ATS includes ATSI as control data, an audio title
set menu of AOBS (ATSM_AOBS), an audio title set title of AOBS
(ATSTT_AOBS) and an ATSI backup file. The ATSTT_AOBS includes a
plurality of cells (C_IDN). In the drawing, C_IDN# indicates cell
ID number within an AOBS, and AOB_IDN# AOB ID number within an
AOBS.
[0087] Referring to FIG. 12, the AMGI describes information on the
related AUDIO_TS directory. The AMGI starts with an audio manager
information management table (AMGI_MAT), followed by a title search
pointer table (TT_SRPT), followed by an audio manager menu PGCI
unit table (AMGM_PGCI_UT), followed by a parental management
information table (PTL_MAIT), followed by an audio title set
attribute table (ATS_ATRT), followed by a text data manager
(TXTDT_MG), followed by an audio manager menu cell address table
(AMGM_C_ADT), followed by an audio manager menu audio object unit
address map (AMGM_AOBU_ADMAP).
[0088] Referring to FIG. 13 for describing search information of an
audio title under the VIDEO_TS directory, the TT_SRPT starts with
TT_SRPT information (TT_SRPTI) followed by title search pointers
(TT_SRPs) for every title under the AUDIO_TS directory. The title
number # ranges from 1 to 99.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 14, the ATSI provides information for one
or more audio titles and audio title set menu (ATSM). The ATSI
describes the management information of these titles such as the
information to search the part-of title (PTT) and the information
to play back the audio object set (AOBS), and the audio title set
menu (ATSM), as well as the information on the attribute of the
AOBS.
[0090] The ATSI starts with audio title set information management
table (ATSI-MAT), followed by an audio title set part-of_title
search pointer table (ATS_PTT_SPRT), followed by an audio title set
program chain information table (ATS_PGCIT), followed by an audio
title set menu PGCI unit table (ATSM_PGCI_UT), followed by an audio
title set time map table (ATS_TMAPT), followed by an audio title
set menu cell address table (ATSM_C_ADT), followed by an audio
title set menu audio object unit address map (ATSM_AOBU_ADMAP),
followed by an audio title set cell address table (ATS C ADT),
followed by an audio title set audio object unit address map (ATS
AOBU_ADMAP) as shown in FIG. 14.
[0091] Referring to FIG. 15, the ATSI_MAT describes the start
address of each information in the ATSI and the attribute of the
AOBS in the ATS. The ATSI MAT is provided with ATSM_AST_ATR of RBP
260 to 267, ATS_AST_ATRT of RBP 516 to 579 and ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT
of RBP 792 to 1298.
[0092] The audio coding mode of the ATSM_AST_ATR and ATS_AST_ATRT
stores the coding information of the audio data recorded in the
DVD-Audio. The present embodiment describes the recording on the
DVD-Audio of the audio data of lossless psychoacoustic coding and
pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic coding (hereinafter referred to as
"psychoacoustic coding"). In addition, it is assumed that the
psychoacoustic coding mode is performed with a DTS coding system,
which may support the lossless psychoacoustic coding and pseudo-
lossless psychoacoustic coding. In this case, the DTS coding mode
is optional, and if b63 to b61 is `110b`, the DTS audio coding mode
is selected.
[0093] For the change of ATSM_AST_ATR, the data pattern and
definition of b55 to b48 are changed. Namely, the sampling
frequency data of b53 to b52 is changed, and the reserved bit of
b51 is included in the audio channels, as shown in FIG. 16. Thus,
the audio sampling frequency fs is changed as shown in Table 8.
8 TABLE 8 b53-b52 b51 fs 00b 0 48 KHz 01b 0 96 KHz 10b 0 192 KHz
11b 0 reserved 00b 1 44.1 KHz 01b 1 88.2 KHz 10b 1 176.4 KHz 11b 1
reserved
[0094] In addition, the number of the audio channels is changed as
shown in Tables 9a and 9b.
9TABLE 9a b51-b48 Number of Audio Channels 0000b 1ch (mono) 0001b
2ch (stereo) 0010b 3ch (multichannel) 0011b 4ch (multichannel)
0100b 5ch (multichannel) 0101b 6ch (multichannel) 0110b 7ch
(multichannel) 0111b 8ch (multichannel) 1000b 9ch (multichannel)
1001b 10ch (multichannel) 1010b 11ch (multichannel) 1011b 12ch
(multichannel) 1100b 13ch (multichannel) 1101b 14ch (multichannel)
1110b 15ch (multichannel) 1111b 16ch (multichannel)
[0095]
10TABLE 9b 1100b 13ch (multichannel) 1101b 14ch (multichannel)
1110b 15ch (multichannel) 1111b 16ch (multichannel)
[0096] The ATS_AST_ATRT of RBP 516 to 579 in the ATSI_MAT as shown
in FIG. 15 stores ATS AST ATRs of 8 audio streams #0 to #7 as shown
in FIG. 17A, each of which includes 8 bytes structured as shown in
FIG. 17B, and each field value serves as the internal information
of the audio stream of the ATSM_AOBS.
[0097] The data pattern and definition of b55 to b48 are changed as
shown in FIG. 17B. Namely, in b55 to b48 of the VTS_AST_ATRT as
shown in FIG. 8B, the reserved bit of b51 is included in the audio
channels. Consequently, the audio sampling frequency fs is changed
as shown in Table 8 while the number of the audio channels is
changed as shown in Tables 9a and 9b.
[0098] In the ATS_MU_AST_ATRT, the information as shown in FIGS.
18B and 18C are added to the information of FIGS. 9B and 9C. The
ATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) and ATS_MU_AST_ATR(2) provide the information on
the audio data and channel mixing coefficients up to 8 channels,
and therefore can not provide the information on the linear PCM
audio over 8 channels. The present invention may provide up to 13
channels, so that the information from the 9th channel to the 13th
channel are recorded in the reserved regions after the
ATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) and ATS_MU_AST_ATR(2). Referring to FIG. 1 8A,
the ATS_MU_AST_ATRT provides 13 ATS_MU_AST-ATRs #0 to #12 each
having 39 bytes to store the information on 13 audio channels and
the mixing coefficients.
[0099] Each ATS_MU_AST_ATR includes the audio channel information
as shown in FIG. 18B and the mixing coefficient information as
shown in FIG. 18C. FIG. 18B illustrates only the information of the
extended five audio channels ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(1), while omitting
the ATS_MU_AST_ATR(1) for storing the data information of the 8
audio channels. Likewise, FIG. 18C illustrates only the information
of the extended five audio channels ATS_MU_AST_ATR_EXT(2), while
omitting the ATS_MU_AST_ATR(2) for storing the data information of
the 8 audio channels.
[0100] The ATSI_MAT represents the information on the audio data
recorded on the DVD-Audio, forming the first part of each audio
title and followed by the AOBS of substantial audio data. Of
course, the VTSI_MAT as shown in FIG. 7 represent also the
information on the video data, sub-picture data and audio data
recorded on the DVD-Video, forming the first part of each video
title and followed by the VOBS of substantial data. The AOBS is
structured as shown in FIG. 19, providing a plurality of audio
packs to store the audio data. Likewise, the VOBS is structured
similar to FIG. 19, providing a plurality of video packs,
sub-picture packs and audio packs to respectively store the video
data, sub-picture data and audio data.
[0101] The structure of the AOBS is similar to that of the VOBS,
and therefore description of the structure of the VOBS will help
understand the structure of the AOBS. The VOBS includes a plurality
of video objects VOB_IDN1 to VOB_IDNi, each of which in turn
includes a plurality of cells C_IDN1 to C_IDNj, each of which in
turn includes a plurality of video object units VOBUs, each of
which in turn includes a plurality of video packs.
[0102] The video data recorded in a DVD-Video includes a plurality
of packs, whose structure is illustrated in FIG. 20 without a
padding packet. Referring to FIG. 20, one pack has a size of 2048
bytes including a pack header of 14 bytes and a plurality of
packets for video, audio, sub-picture, DSI or PCI of 2034 bytes.
Further, the packet header includes a pack start code of 4 bytes,
SCR of 6 bytes, program-mux_rate of 3 bytes and stuffing_length of
1 byte.
[0103] Referring to FIG. 21A, the linear PCM audio pack includes a
pack header of 14 bytes and a linear audio packet of 2034 bytes.
The audio packet includes a packet header of 1 byte, sub_stream_id
of 1 byte, audio frame information of 3 bytes and linear PCM audio
data of 1 to 2013 bytes.
[0104] Referring to FIG. 21 B, the dolby AC-3 audio pack includes a
pack header of 14 bytes and a dolby AC-3 audio packet of 2034
bytes. The audio packet further includes a packet header of 1 byte,
sub_stream_id of 1 byte, audio frame information of 3 bytes and
AC-3 audio data of 1 to 2016 bytes.
[0105] FIG. 21C illustrates the structure of an MPEG-1 or MPEG-2
audio pack without an extension bit stream, and FIG. 21D the
structure of MPEG-2 with an extension stream. The structures of the
audio packs as shown in FIGS. 21A to 21D are shown in Table 10,
additionally provided with private data areas corresponding to
their formats.
11TABLE 10 Field Bit Byte Value Comment packet_start_code_prefix 24
3 00 0001h stream_id 8 1 1011 1101b private_stream_1
PES_packet_length 16 2 `10` 2 3 PES_scrambling_control 2 3 00b not
scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 no priority data_alignment_indicator 1
3 0 not defined by descriptor copyright 1 3 0 not defined by
descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0 original:1 copy: 0
PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flags 1 3 0 no ESCR field ES_rate
flag 1 3 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mode_flag 1 3 0 no trick
mode field additional_copy_info_flag 1 3 0 no copy info field
PES_CRC-flag 1 3 0 no CRC field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1
PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to 15 `0010` 4 5 provider defined Note
1 PTS[32...30] 3 5 provider defined Note 1 marker_bit 1 5 provider
defined Note 1 PTS[29...15] 15 5 provider defined Note 1 marker_bit
1 5 provider defined Note 1 PTS[14...0] 15 5 provider defined Note
1 marker_bit 1 5 provider defined Note 1 PES_private_data_flag 1 1
0 Note 2 pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0 Note 2
program_packet_sequence 1 1 0 Note 2 counter_flag P_STD_buffer_flag
1 1 1 Note 2 reserved 3 1 111b Note 2 PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0
Note 2 `01` 2 2 01b Note 2 P_STD_buffer_scale 1 2 1 Note 2
P_STD_buffer_size 13 2 58 Note 2 stuffing_byte -- 0-7 In Table 10,
Notes 1 and 2 are described as follows: Note 1: "PTS[32...0]" shall
be described in every audio packet in which the first sample of an
audio frame is included. Note 2: These fields occur in the first
audio packet of each VOB, and are prohibited in the subsequent
audio packets.
[0106] In the audio packet of the linear PCM data structured as
shown in FIG. 21A, the data recorded in the private data area
besides the common data area is as shown in Table 11.
12TABLE 11 Audio Data Area (Linear PCM) Com- Field Bit Byte Value
ment sub_stream_id 8 1 10100***b Note 1 number_of_frame_headers 8
Note 2 first_access_unit_pointer 16 Note 3 audio_emphasis_flag 1
Note 4 audio_mute_flag 1 Note 5 Reserved 1 3 0 audio_frame_number 5
Note 6 quantization_word_length 2 Note 7 audio sampling frequency 2
Note 8 Reserved 1 0 number_of_audio_channels 3 3 Provider Defined
Note 9 dynamic_range_control 8 Note 10 In Table 11, Notes 1 to 10
are described as follows: Note 1: ***represents decoding an audio
data stream number. Note 2: "number_of_frame_headers" described the
number of audio frames whose first byte is in this audio packet.
Note 3: The access unit is the audio frame. The first unit is the
first audio frame which has the first byte of the audio frame. Note
3: "audio_emphasis_flag" describes the state of emphasis. When
"audio_sampling_frequency" is 96 KHz, "emphasis off" is described
in this field. The emphasis is applied to all audio samples decoded
from the first access unit. 0b: emphasis off 1b: emphasis on number
which has a value between "0" and "7", and the decoding audio
stream numbers are not assigned the same number regardless of the
audio compression mode.
[0107] FIG. 22 illustrates the structure of the audio stream and
packs. The audio data used in the DVD-Audio may include linear PCM
data, dolby AC-3 data and MPEG audio data. The audio stream further
includes a plurality of audio packs. In addition, each audio pack
constitutes a unit of 2048 bytes as shown in FIG. 22. In this case,
the form of encoding the linear PCM audio is based on Table 12.
13TABLE 12 Sampling frequency (fs) 48 KHz 96 KHz Sampling Shall be
simultaneous for all channels in a stream phase Quantization 16
bits or more, 2's complementary code mphasis Can be applied Can not
be applied (zero point: 50 .mu.s, pole: 15 .mu.s)
[0108] In Table 12, the audio stream data for linear PCM includes
contiguous GOFs (Group of Audio Frames), each of which includes 20
audio frames except for the last GOF. The last GOF includes no more
than 20 audio frames.
[0109] FIG. 23 illustrates the structure of the audio frame. One
audio frame includes sample data which correspond to the
presentation time of 11600 second. One audio frame contains 80 or
160 audio sample data according to a frequency (fs) of 48 KHz or 96
KHz. One GOF corresponds to the presentation time of 1/30
second.
[0110] FIGS. 24A to 24C illustrate a sample data alignment for
linear PCM. Sample data is formed by the data from each channel
sampled out at the same time. Therefore, the size of sample data
varies with the audio stream attribute. The sampled data is
continuously arranged. Two sample data for each mode are shown in
FIGS. 24A to 24C. FIG. 24A illustrates a 16 bits mode, FIG. 24B
illustrates a 20 bits mode and FIG. 24C illustrates a 24 bits mode.
The packet data structure of the linear PCM audio is as shown in
Table 13.
14TABLE 13 Data in a Packet Maxi- Packet Padding mum stuffing of
packet for Stream mode number first/other first/other Number of
sam- Data PES other PES of chan- fs Quantiza- ples in size packet
packet nels (KHz) tion a packet (byte) (byte) (byte) 1 mono 48/96
16 1004 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96 20 804 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96 24 670 2010
0/3 0/0 2 stereo 48/96 16 502 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96 20 402 2010 0/3
0/0 48/96 24 334 2004 6/0 0/9 3 48/96 16 334 2004 6/0 0/9 48/96 20
268 2010 0/3 0/0 48 24 222 1988 0/0 12/15 4 48/96 16 250 2000 0/0
10/13 48 20 200 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 166 1992 0/0 18/21 5 48 16 200
2000 0/0 10/13 48 20 160 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 134 2010 0/3 0/0 6 48
16 166 1992 0/0 18/21 48 20 134 2010 0/3 0/0 7 48 16 142 1988 0/0
22/25 8 48 16 124 1984 0/0 26/29
[0111] If the number of samples is less than in Table 13, the
length of a padding packet may increase to adjust the pack size.
Samples shall be aligned at packet boundary. Namely, the audio
sample data of every audio packet for linear PCM audio always start
with the first byte of S.sub.2n described in Table 13. The channel
assignment for linear PCM is as follows:
[0112] In the stereo presentation mode, the descriptions of
channels, ACHO and ACH1 correspond to left channel (L-ch) and right
channel (R-ch) respectively. Multichannel coding is required to
keep compatibility with the stereo mode.
[0113] The structure of the DVD-Audio is as shown in FIG. 19. Since
the DVD-Audio is to store audio data, it contains no video pack
(V_PCK) or sub-picture pack (SP_PCK), or otherwise only small
amounts of them. The AOBS includes a plurality of packs of data as
the VOBS does. The general structure of the audio pack is as shown
in FIGS. 20 and 21A to 21D. It is assumed that the inventive
DVD-Audio does not employ MPEG and AC-3 and instead records audio
data of linear PCM and compression coding system.
[0114] Tables 10 and 11 illustrate the linear PCM audio packet of
the DVD-Video, which may be altered to obtain the linear PCM audio
packet of the DVD-Audio. Describing the linear PCM system of the
DVD-Audio, the sampling frequencies are 48, 44.1, 96, 188.2, 192 or
176.4 KHz, the number of quantization bits is 16, 20 or 24 bits,
and the number of audio channels is from 1 ch to the maximum
allowed by the bit rate. The number of the audio channels may be
determined by Eq. 1. 1 N = Mby Fs * Qb Eq . 1
[0115] Fs: Sampling Frequency(Hz) ->48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz,
88.2 KHz, 192 KHz, or 176.4 KHz
[0116] Qb: Number of Quantization Bits ->16 bits, 20 bits, or 24
bits
[0117] Mby: Maximum Data Transfer Rate of DVD(Mbps) ->10.08
Mbps
[0118] N: Maximum Number of Possible Channels Determined by Data
Transmission Rate, Sampling Frequency and Number of Quantization
Bits of DVD.
[0119] The number of channels determined by Eq. 1 is shown in Table
14.
15 TABLE 14 Number of Maximum Number of Sampling Frequency
Quantization Bits Channels 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 16 bits 8 48 KHz/44.1
KHz 20 8 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 24 8 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 16 6 96 KHz/88.2 KHz
20 5 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 24 4 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 16 3 192 KHz/176.4 KHz
20 2 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 24 2
[0120] The structure of the linear PCM audio pack of the DVD-Audio
is constructed as shown in FIG. 25, which is the same as that of
the DVD-Video as shown in FIG. 21A. Namely, one audio pack
comprises a pack header of 14 bytes and one or more linear PCM
packets of at maximum 2021 bytes. The pack header is based on an
MPEG2 system layer.
[0121] The structure of the linear PCM audio packet is also based
on the MPEG2 system layer. The linear PCM audio packet is
constructed as shown in Tables 15 and 16. Table 15 has the same
structure as Table 10 while Table 16 for representing private data
structure has a structure different from that of Table 11.
16TABLE 15 Field Bit Byte Value Comment packet_start_code_prefix 24
3 00 0001h stream_id 8 1 1011 1101b private_stream_1
PES_packet_length 16 2 `10` 2 3 PES_scrambling_control 2 3 00b not
scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 no priority data_alignment_indicator 1
3 0 not defined by descriptor copyright 1 3 0 not defined by
descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0 original: 1 copy: 0
PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flag 1 3 0 no ESCR field
ES_rate_flag 1 3 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mod_flag 1 3 0 no
trick mode field additional_copy_info_flag 1 3 0 no copy info field
no CRC PES_CRC_flag 1 3 0 field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1
PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to 15 `0010` 4 5 provider Note 1
defined PTS[32...30] 3 5 provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5
provider Note 1 defined PTS[29...15] 15 5 provider Note 1 defined
marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS[14...0] 15 5 provider
Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined
PES_private_data_flag 1 1 0 Note 2 pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0
Note 2 program_packet_sequence_counte- r_flag 1 1 0 Note 2
P_STD_buffer_flag 1 1 1 Note 2 reserved 3 1 111b Note 2
PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0 Note 2 `01` 2 2 01b Note 2
P_STD_buffer_scale 1 2 1 Note 2 P_STD_buffer_size 13 2 58 Note 2
Stuffing_byte -- 0-7
[0122]
17TABLE 16 Audio data Area (Linear PCM) Field Bit Byte Value
Comment sub_stream_id 8 1 10100***b Note 1 number_of_frame_headers
8 Pro- vider defined Note 2 first_access_unit_pointer 16 Provider
defined Note 3 audio_emphasis_flag 1 Provider defined Note 4
audio_mute_flag 1 Provider defined Note 5 reserved 1 0
audio_frame_number 5 3 Provider defined Note 6
quantization_word_length 2 Provider defined Note 7
audio_sampling_frequency 3 Provider defined Note 8
number_of_audio_channels 3 Provider defined Note 9
dynamic_range_control 8 Provider defined Note 10 In Table 16, Notes
1 to 10 are described as follows: Note 1: ***represents decoding
the audio data stream number. Note 2: "number_of_frame_headers"
describes the number of audio frames whose first byte is in this
audio packet. Note 3: The access unit is the audio frame. The first
access unit is the first audio frame which has the first byte of
the audio frame. Note 4: "audio_emphasis_flag" describes the state
of emphasis. When "audio_sampling_frequency" is 96 KHz, "emphasis
off" is described in this field. The emphasis is applied to all
audio samples decoded from the first access unit. 0b: emphasis off
1b: emphasis on Note 5: "audio_mute_flag" describes the state of
mute while all data in the audio frame is ZERO. The mute is applied
to all audio samples decoded from the first access unit. ob: mute
off 1b: mute on Note 6: "audio_frame_number" describes the frame
number of the first access unit in the Group of audio frame (GOF)
with the numbers between `0` and `19`. Note 7:
"quantization_word_length" describes the word-length which the
audio samples are quantized to. 00b: 16 bits 01b: 20 bits 10b: 24
bits 11b: reserved Note 8: "audio_sampling_frequency" describes the
sampling frequency of the audio sample. 00b: 48 KHz 01b: 96 KHz
10b: 192 KHz 11b: reserved 100b: 44.1 KHz 101b: 88.2 KHz 110b:
176.4 KHz 111b: reserved Note 9: "number_of_channels" describes the
number of audio channels. 0000b: 1 ch (mono) 0001b: 2 ch (stereo)
0010b: 3 ch 0011b: 4 ch 0100b: 5 ch 0101b: 6 ch {close oversize
brace} (multichannel) 0110b: 7 ch 0111b: 8 ch Note 10: "dynamic
range control" describes the dynamic word control word to compress
the dynamic range from the first access unit.
[0123] The packet data structure of the linear PCM audio and
corresponding frame size of 48 KHz/192 KHz are as shown in Table
17.
18TABLE 17 Data in a Packet Stream Mode Maximum Number number of
Data Packet Stuffing of Padding packet for of samples in size
first/other PES first/other other Channels Fs (KHz) Quantization a
packet (byte) packet (byte) PES packet (byte) 1 mono 48/96/192 16
1004 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96/192 20 804 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96/192 24 670
2010 0/3 0/0 2 stereo 48/96/192 16 502 2008 2/5 0/0 48/96/192 20
402 2010 0/5 0/0 48/96/192 24 334 2004 6/0 0/9 3 48/96/192 16 334
2004 6/0 0/9 48/96 20 268 2010 0/3 0/0 48/96 24 222 1988 0/0 12/15
4 48/96 16 250 2000 0/0 10/13 48/96 20 200 2000 0/0 10/13 48/96 24
166 1992 0/0 18/21 5 48/96 16 200 2000 0/0 10/13 48/96 20 160 2000
0/0 10/13 48 24 134 2010 0/3 0/0 6 48/96 16 166 1992 0/0 18/21 48
20 134 2010 0/3 0/0 48 24 110 1980 0/0 30/33 7 48 16 142 1988 0/0
22/25 48 20 114 1995 0/0 15/18 48 24 94 1974 0/0 36/39 8 48 16 124
1984 0/0 26/29 48 20 100 2000 0/0 10/13 48 24 82 1968 0/0 42/45 9
48 16 110 1980 0/0 30/33 48 20 88 1980 0/0 30/33 10 48 16 100 2000
0/0 10/13 48 20 80 2000 0/0 10/13 11 48 16 90 1980 0/0 30/33 12 48
16 82 1968 0/0 42/45 13 48 16 76 1976 0/0 34/37
[0124] If the number of samples is less than in Table 17, the
length of padding packet may increase to adjust the pack size.
Samples shall be aligned at the packet boundary. Namely, the audio
sample data of every audio packet starts with the first byte of
S.sub.2n. The number of the audio samples in a packet always
becomes even.
[0125] Thus, in DVD-Audio format, the linear PCM data is processed
in frames and GOF. The DVD-Audio may use the sampling frequency of
192 KHz, whereby the basic rule of linear PCM coding may be set as
shown in Table 18.
19TABLE 18 Sampling frequency 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 192
KHz/176.4 (fs) KHz Sampling Shall be simultaneous for all channels
in all streams Quantization 16 bits or more, 2's complementary code
Emphasis Can be applied cannot be applied (zero point: 50 .mu.s,
pole: 15 .mu.s)
[0126] One audio frame contains 320 audio sample data when fs is
192 KHz. One GOF corresponds to the presentation time of {fraction
(1/30)} second as in the DVD-Video. The sampling frequency of 96
KHz is used to achieve multichannel to store quality audio
data.
[0127] When recording the linear PCM audio data using the sampling
frequency of 48 KHz and quantization of 16 bits, 13 channels are
available so as to record the audio data of 10 channels required by
the present multichannel music. However, when using the sampling
frequency of 192 KHz and quantization of 24 bits, only 2 channels
are available to record audio data, which can not meet the
requirement of the multichannel music. Namely, it is impossible to
achieve multichannel audio function with high sampling frequency
and a great number of data bits. However, such limitation may be
resolved by lossless coding or pseudo-lossless coding. The
compression ratio of lossless coding is about 2:1 while that of
pseudo-lossless psychoacoustic coding is about 4:1.
[0128] It is assumed that the inventive DVD-Audio employs DTS
(Digital Theater System) coding which is pseudo-lossless
psychoacoustic coding with the compression ratio of about 4:1.
Further, the DTS makes it possible to perform lossless coding. The
DTS can provide a sufficient number of channels without significant
degradation of sound quality. For the DTS may carry out coding for
a high specification with the sampling frequency of 192 KHz and 24
bit quantization compared to different compression coding
algorithms presently proposed, and has been developed to minimize
degradation of sound quality instead of reducing the bit rate. The
DTS has the sampling frequencies of 48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2
KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4 KHz, the quantization bit number of 16, 20
and 24, and the number of channels from 1 ch coding to the maximum
allowed by the bit rate. The number of audio channels may be
determined by Eq. 2. 2 N = Mb * Cc Fs * Qb Eq . 2
[0129] Fs: Sampling Frequency(Hz) ->48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz,
88.2 KHz, 192 KHz, or 176.4 KHz
[0130] Qb: Number of Quantization Bits ->16, 20, or 24
[0131] Mby: Maximum Data Transfer Rate of DVD(Mbps) ->10.08
Mbps
[0132] Ccy: Compression ratio of Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic
Coding
[0133] N: Maximum Number of Audio Channels Determined by Data
Transfer Rate, Sampling Frequency and Number of Quantization Bits
of DVD
[0134] Assuming the DTS coding with the compression ratio of 4:1 is
used for compression coding, the number of channels determined by
Eq. 2 is as shown in Table 19. Therefore, in accordance with Eq. 2,
each sampling frequency can support 8 or more channels.
20 TABLE 19 Number of Maximum Number of Sampling Frequency
Quantization Bits Channels 48KHz/44.lKHz 16 bits 52 48 KHz/44.1 KHz
20 42 48 KHz/44.1 KHz 24 35 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 16 26 96 KHz/88.2 KHz
20 21 96 KHz/88.2 KHz 24 17 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 16 13 192 KHz/176.4
KHz 20 10 192 KHz/176.4 KHz 24 8
[0135] Thus, the inventive DVD-Audio is constructed based on the
structure of the MPEG2 system layer, and therefore, the compression
coded audio pack structure comprises a pack header of 14 bytes and
compression coded audio packets each having at maximum 2021 bytes,
as shown in FIG. 26. The pack header meets the specification of
MPEG2 system layer.
[0136] The structure of the compression coded audio packet is also
based on the specification of MPEG2 system layer. The compression
coded audio packet is constructed as shown in Tables 20 and 21. The
Table 20 has the same structure as Table 10 presenting the
structure of linear PCM audio packet of the DVD-Video.
21TABLE 20 Field Bit Byte Value Comment packet_start_code prefix 24
3 00 0001h stream_id 8 1 1011 1101b private_stream_1
PES_packet_length 16 2 `10` 2 3 PES_scramling_control 2 3 00b not
scrambled PES_priority 1 3 0 no priority data_alignment_indicator 1
3 0 not defined by descriptor copyright 1 3 0 not defined by
descriptor original_or_copy 1 3 1 or 0 original: 1 copy:0
PTS_DTS_flags 2 3 10 or 00b ESCR_flag 1 3 0 no ESCR field
ES_rate_flag 1 3 0 no EST rate field DSTM_trick_mode_flag 1 3 0 no
trick mode field additional_copy_info flag 1 3 0 no copy info field
PES_CRC_flag 1 3 0 no CRC field PES_extension_flag 1 3 0 or 1
PES_header_data_length 8 3 0 to 15 `0010` 4 5 provider Note 1
defined PTS [32...30] 3 5 provider Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5
provider Note 1 defined PTS [29...15] 15 5 provider Note 1 defined
marker_bit 1 5 provider Note 1 defined PTS [14...0] 15 5 provider
Note 1 defined marker_bit 1 5 0 Note 1 PES_private_data_flag 1 1 0
Note 2 pack_header_field_flag 1 1 0 Note 2 program_packet_sequen 1
1 0 Note 2 ce_counter flag P_STD_buffer_flag 1 1 1 Note 2 reserved
3 1 111b Note 2 PES_extension_flag_2 1 1 0 Note 2 `01` 2 2 01b Note
2 P_STD_buffer_scale 1 2 1 Note 2 P_STD_buffer_size 13 2 58 Note 2
stuffing_byte -- 0-7
[0137]
22TABLE 21 DTS Audio data area Field Bit Byte Value Comment
sub_stream_id 8 1 &&&& &***b Note 1
number_of_frame_headers 8 1 Provider Note 2 Defined
first_access_unit_pointer 16 2 Provider Note 3 Defined
[0138] In Table 21, Notes 1 to 3 are described as follows:
[0139] Note 1: "sub_stream_id" varies with the compression coding
system, and so becomes "10001 ***b" with the DTS. "***" represents
decoding the audio data stream number.
[0140] Note 2: "number_of_frame_headers" describes the number of
audio frames whose first byte is in this audio packet.
[0141] Note 3: The access unit is the audio frame. The first_access
unit is the first audio frame which has the first byte of the audio
frame.
[0142] Thus, the DVD-Audio is provided with more than 8 channels to
perform the compression coding, available sampling frequencies of
48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4 KHz,
quantization bit number of 16, 20 or 24, compression ratio from 1:1
to over 5:1, down mixing, dynamic range control and time stamp.
[0143] The DTS compression algorithm used in the present embodiment
has a compression ratio low enough to provide significantly
improved sound quality, and may optionally be employed in
DVD-Video. The DVD-Video has the structures of DTS pack and packet
and restricted items for DTS. For the restricted items, the bit
rate after compression is limited up to 1.5 Mbps and the sampling
frequency for compressible data is only 48 KHz. However, in the
inventive DVD-Audio employing the DTS algorithm, the sampling
frequency is extended to 192 KHz, quantization bit number to 24
bits, multichannel data compressed to about 4:1, thereby providing
desirable sound quality. Namely, the compression coding used in the
inventive DVD-Audio employs sampling frequencies of 48 KHz/44.1
KHz/96 KHz/88.2 KHz/192 KHz/176.4 KHz and quantization bit number
of 16 bits/20 bits/24 bits so as to compress multichannel linear
PCM data by about 4:1 without degrading sound quality.
[0144] The DVD-Audio may additionally include VIDEO_TS and VMG for
the information region in a structure which is the same as in the
DVD-Video in order to have compatibility with a DVD-Video player.
However, the DVD-Video restricts the data transfer rate of an audio
stream within 6.144 Mbps, as shown in Table 11.
23 TABLE 22 Transfer Rate Total Streams One Stream Note VOB 10.08
Mbps -- Video Streams 9.80 Mbps 9.80 Mbps Number of Streams = 1
Audio Streams 9.80 Mbps 6.144 Mbps Number of Streams = 8(max)
Sub-picture 9.80 Mbps 3.36 Mbps Number of Streams = Streams
32(max)
[0145] Hence, the DVD-Video player may reproduce only the data
satisfying the DVD-Video specification among the audio data of the
DVD-Audio. The linear PCM data reproduced by the DVD-Video player
is as shown in Table 7. Of course, compression coded DTS data is
played by the DVD-Video player to reproduce only DTS streams
specified by the DVD-Video. For example, it is assumed that the
titles to be stored into a DVD are as shown in Table 23.
24 TABLE 23 Sampling Number of Number of Frequency Quantization
Bits Channels Remark 48 KHz 16 8ch Title 1 96 KHz 16 4ch Title 2 96
KHz 24 2ch Title 3 96 KHz 24 4ch Title 4 192 KHz 24 2ch Title 5
[0146] Then, the VIDEO_TS and VMG are recorded with the attribute
and position information of Titles 1 to 3 but not with the
information of Titles 4 and 5. On the contrary, the AUDIO_TS and
AMG of the DVD-Audio are recorded with the information of all the
Titles 1 to 5 because the Titles 1 to 3 meet the specifications of
both DVD-Video and DVD-Audio but the Titles 4 and 5 only meet the
specification of the DVD-Audio. Hence, the Titles 4 and 5 may be
played only by the DVD-Audio player. If there is an available space
in the data zone, the Titles 4 and 5 may be separately recorded in
the available data space with the sampling frequency, quantization
bit number and channel number reduced, and the information on the
Titles 4 and 5 are stored into the VIDEO_TS and VMG. Then, the
Titles 4 and 5 may be reproduced by a DVD-Video player.
[0147] If the compression coding DTS does not meet the
specification of the DVD-Video concerning data transfer rate,
number of channels, sampling frequency of original data,
quantization bit number, etc., the information is recorded only in
the AUDIO_TS and AMG but not in the VIDEO_TS and VMG. Namely, only
the DTS streams satisfying the specification of the DVD-Video may
be recorded in the VIDEO_TS and VMG. In order to reproduce the DTS
streams not conforming to the specification of the DVD-Video, they
must be coded to meet the transfer rate, number of channels,
sampling frequency and quantization bit number specified for the
DVD-Video, stored to be recorded in the VIDEO_TS and VMG.
[0148] The AMG and ATSI_MAT of the DVD-Audio has the same structure
as the VMG and VTSI of the DVD-Video. However, the audio data
exceeding the specification of the DVD-Video such as sampling
frequency of 192 KHz and 8 or more channels must be changed to be
reproduced by the DVD-Video player. Hence, the disk is made as
follows:
[0149] When the content of a title to be recorded on the disk is
within the specification of the DVD-Video, any one of the VMG and
the AMG is kept to make the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS direct the file
through the VMG or AMG. Then, the DVD-Audio player regards the file
as AMG to play while the DVD-Video player regards the file as VMG
to play.
[0150] Meanwhile, if any of the titles to be recorded in the disk
has an audio stream which does not meet the specification of the
DVD-Video, both the VMG and the AMG are kept together, and the VMG
is not recorded with the information on the titles which do not
conform to the specifications of the DVD-Video. Of course, the AMG
has not recorded with the information on the titles which have the
sampling frequency, number of quantization bits and number of
channels altered to be compatible with the DVD-Video player.
[0151] However, when the AMG and ATSI_MAT of the DVD-Audio are
structured entirely different from the VMG and VTSI_MAT of the
DVD-Video, both VMG and AMG must be prepared, and thus both
VTSI_MAT and ATSI_MAT. Of course, the VMG and VTSI_MAT are provided
with the information on the audio titles conforming to the
specification of the DVD-Video.
[0152] The apparatus for playing the DVD-Audio may be designed
independently from the DVD-Video player, but the inventive
DVD-Audio player may be combined with the DVD-Video player.
[0153] Referring to FIG. 27 for illustrating the structure of a
DVD-Audio player, a system controller 111 controls the whole
operation of the DVD-Audio player , serving the user interface. The
system controller 111 determines whether the inserted disk is a
DVD-Video or DVD-Audio by checking effective data included in the
VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS directory. When it is checked that effective
data exists from the AUDIO_TS directory, the system controller 111
determines the inserted disk to be a DVD-Audio and thus, controls
its playing operation. But if it is determined that no effective
data exists from the AUDIO.sub.-TS, the system controller 111
determines the inserted disk to be a DVD-Video, and thus, stops the
playing operation.
[0154] A pickup device 112 is provided to read the data stored in
the DVD-Audio. A servo controller 113 controls the pickup device
112 to perform various servo functions under the control of the
system controller 111. A data receiver 114 analyzes and corrects an
error occurring in the data output from the pickup device 112, and
includes an error correction circuit. An audio decoder 115
transfers the audio information from the data receiver 114 to the
system controller 111, decoding received audio data under the
control of the system controller 111.
[0155] The audio decoder 115 is designed to decode the linear PCM
audio data and compression coded audio data according to the
present invention, as shown in FIG. 28. Referring to FIG. 28, an
input data buffer 211 stores the audio data output from the data
receiver 114. A stream selector 212 selectively outputs the audio
data stream from the input buffer 211 under the control of the
system controller 111. A linear PCM decoder 213 decodes linear PCM
audio data received from the stream selector 212 to the original
audio data. A coding data decoder (Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic
Decoding Circuit) 214 decodes compression coded data from the
stream selector 212 to the original audio data. An output buffer
215 stores the audio data delivered by the decoding parts 213 and
214. A digital audio formatter 216 converts the audio data from the
decoding parts 213 and 214 into a format specified by the system
controller 111. The timing controller 210 generates timing control
signals to control the operations of the parts of the audio decoder
115 under the control of the system controller 111.
[0156] A digital processor (High-bit High-sampling Digital Filter)
116 filters audio data from the audio decoder 115 under the control
of the system controller 111. An audio output circuit (High
Performance Digital to Analog Converters and Analog Audio
Circuitry) 117 converts the audio data from the digital processor
116 into an analog signal.
[0157] Referring to FIGS. 27 and 28, the data receiver 114
transfers the audio data reproduced from a DVD-Audio through the
pickup device 112 to the audio decoder 115. The reproduced audio
data are sequentially stored into the input buffer 211 of the audio
decoder 115. The audio data stored in the input buffer 211 are
selected by the stream selector 212 and transferred to the decoding
parts 213 and 214. Namely, when the system controller 111 demands
decoding of the linear PCM audio data, the stream selector 212
transfers the audio data stored in the input buffer 211 to the
linear PCM decoder. In addition, when the system controller 111
demands decoding of the compression coded data, the stream selector
212 transfers the audio data stored in the input buffer to the
coding data decoder 214.
[0158] Describing the decoding operation of the linear PCM audio
data, the linear PCM decoder 213 generally performs multichannel
downmixing, sampling frequency conversion and requantization of the
input signal. For example, when 8-channel data produced from the
stream selector 212 is required to be converted into 2-channel
data, the linear PCM decoder 213 performs multichannel downmixing
to produce an output of the required channel number. Further, when
the input data sampled at 192 KHz is required by the system
controller 111 to be converted into data sampled at 96 KHz, the
linear PCM decoder 213 performs the sampling frequency conversion
to produce audio data of the required sampling frequency. In
addition, when the input audio data of 24 bit quantization is
required by the system controller 111 to be converted into data of
16 bit quantization, the linear PCM decoder 213 performs the
requantization process to produce audio data of the required number
of bits.
[0159] Describing the decoding operation of the compression coded
audio data, the coding data decoder 214 decodes the compression
coded audio data by carrying out the corresponding algorithm under
the control of the system controller 111. In this case, the form of
the audio data produced from the coding data decoder 214 is
specified by the system controller 111. In the present embodiment,
the coding data decoder 214 may be a DTS decoder. In addition, the
coding data decoder 214 also carries out the multichannel
downmixing, sampling frequency conversion and requantization of the
input signal together with the algorithm decoding.
[0160] The audio data decoded by the decoding parts 213 and 214 is
transferred to the output buffer 215 and digital audio formatter
216. The output buffer 215 stores the decoding audio data to
synchronize with a control signal supplied by the timing controller
210. The digital audio formatter 216 adjusts the decoded audio data
to the transmission format between the digital devices,
synchronizing it with a control signal from the timing controller
210. In this case, the output audio data may be delivered to an
audio/video system or a computer having the same transmission
format.
[0161] The decoded audio data from the audio decoder 115 is
processed through the digital processor 116 and converted by the
audio output circuit 117 into an analog signal. The digital
processor 116 comprises a plurality of digital filters to eliminate
noises outside the audio signal band. The digital processor 116
requires a filter coefficient having a much higher resolution and
number of taps than the digital filters used in the conventional
DVD or CD to process the audio data sampled at 192 KHz and
quantized by 24 bits. Of course, when a D/A converter of 96 KHz and
192 KHz becomes commonly available, the digital processor 116 may
be included in the D/A converter. The audio output circuit 117
includes a plurality of DIA converters to convert the audio data
deprived of noises into an analog audio signal.
[0162] Referring to FIG. 29 for illustrating an apparatus for
playing both DVD-Video and DVD-Audio, the system controller 311
controls the whole operation of the DVD-Audio/Video player, serving
the user interface. The system controller 311 determines whether
the inserted disk is a DVD-Video or DVD-Audio by checking effective
data included in the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS directory. When there is
effective data from the AUDIO_TS directory, the system controller
311 determines the inserted disk to be a DVD-Audio and thus,
controls its playing operation. But if there is no effective data
from the AUDIO_TS, the system controller 311 determines the
inserted disk to be a DVD-Video, stops the present DVD-Audio
playback mode, and changes to the playback mode of the
DVD-Video.
[0163] A pickup device 312 is provided to read the data stored in
the DVD-Audio. A servo controller 313 controls the pickup device
312 to perform various servo functions under the control of the
system controller 311. A data receiver 314 analyzes and corrects an
error occurring in the data output from the pickup device 312, and
includes an error correction circuit. An audio/video decoder 315
transfers the audio information from the data receiver 314 to the
system controller 311, decoding received audio data under the
control of the system controller 311.
[0164] The audio/video decoder 315 is designed to decode video data
and audio data, as shown in FIG. 30. Referring to FIG. 30, an input
data buffer 411 stores the audio and video data output from the
data receiver 314. A stream parser 412 selectively outputs the
audio and video data stream from the input buffer 411 under the
control of the system controller 311. An audio decoding circuit 413
decodes the audio data selected by the stream parser 412 in
response to a control data from the system controller 311. A
decoding audio output circuit 414 outputs the decoded audio data
from the audio decoding circuit 413. A video decoding circuit 415
decodes the video data selected by the stream parser 412 in
response to a control signal of the system controller 311. A
decoding video output circuit 416 outputs the decoded video data
from the video decoding circuit 415. A timing controller 410
generates timing control signals to control the operations of the
parts of the audio/video decoder 315 under the control of the
system controller 311.
[0165] The audio decoding circuit 413 must be provided with
decoding elements corresponding to a linear PCM system, an MPEG
system, an AC-3 system and a compression coding system. The linear
PCM system and compression coding system require additional
elements to reproduce the audio data recorded in the inventive
DVD-Audio. Namely, the decoding elements are provided to reproduce
the audio data formed by sampling frequency, quantization bits and
audio channels according to the present invention. Also provided is
a stream selector to distribute the audio data corresponding to the
decoding elements.
[0166] A digital processor (High-bit High-sampling Digital Filter)
316 filters audio data from the audio/video decoder 315 under the
control of the system controller 311. An audio output circuit (High
Performance Digital to Analog Converters and Analog Audio
Circuitry) 117 converts the audio data from the digital processor
316 into an analog signal. A video output circuit (NTSC Encoder
Video Digital to Analog Converter's Analog Video Circuitry) 318
encodes video data from the audio/video decoder 315 in NTSC,
converting the video data into an analog video signal.
[0167] Referring to FIGS. 29 and 30, the data reproduced from the
disk through the pickup device 312 is transferred to the data
receiver 314 to analyze it and correct an error in it, and is
applied to the audio/video decoder 315. The data produced from the
data receiver 314 is applied to the input buffer 411 of the
audio/video decoder 315. The stream parser 412 selects a required
stream according to a control data of the system controller 311,
and analyzes the stream to deliver the video data to the video
decoding circuit 415 and the audio data to the audio decoding
circuit 413.
[0168] The audio decoding circuit 413 transforms the audio data
from the stream parser 412 according to the requirements of the
system controller 311. The audio decoding circuit 413 must include
the decoding functions to decode audio data of both DVD-Video and
DVD-Audio. The video decoding circuit 415 decodes and transforms
the input video data. The video data transformation means sub_title
process, pan-scan, etc.
[0169] The decoded audio and video data are respectively
transferred to the decoding audio and video output circuits 414 and
416, and are finally transmitted outside in synchronism with timing
control signals of the timing controller 410. The decoding audio
output circuit 414 adjusts the decoded audio data to the
transmission format between the digital devices. The audio data
generated from the decoding audio output circuit 414 is transferred
to a different audio/video system or computer.
[0170] As shown in FIG. 29, the audio/video decoder 315 follows the
specification of the DVD-Video when processing video signals, and
carries out both the inventive algorithm and the audio decoding
algorithm according to the specification of the DVD-Video. Thus,
the audio decoding circuit 413 contains the linear PCM and DTS
algorithms of the audio specification of the DVD-Video, and
therefore both DVD-Video and DVD-Audio may be reproduced.
[0171] In this case, the algorithm required for the audio decoding
of the DVD-Video indicates linear PCM decoding(1)+AC-3
decoding+MPEG decoding while the algorithm required for the audio
decoding of the DVD-Audio indicates linear PCM decoding(2)+coding
data decoding (Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic Decoding). Hence, the
linear PCM algorithm in the DVD-Video is included in the linear PCM
algorithm according to the present invention. The decoding
algorithm employed in the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio includes the
functions as expressed by Eq. 3, carried out by the audio decoding
circuit Eq. 3
Audio Decoder Linear PCM Decoder(2)+Pseudo-Lossless Psychoacoustic
Decoder+AC-3 Decoder+MPEG Decoder.
[0172] Thus, such an apparatus for playing both DVD-Video and
DVD-Audio detects the VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS of the inserted DVD to
set the audio decoding mode. The audio data of the DVD-Audio with
the video data eliminated is shown in Table 24.
25TABLE 24 Sampling Number of Bit Rate per Number of Required Data
Frequency Quantization Bits Channel Channels Capacity 48 KHz 16
bits 768 Kbps 8ch 5.99 Gbyte 20 bits 960 Kbps 8ch 5.76 Gbyte 24
bits 1.152 Mbps 8ch 5.53 Gbyte 96 KHz 16 bits 1.536 Mbps 6ch 5.53
Gbyte 20 bits 1.920 Mbps 5ch 5.76 Gbyte 24 bits 2.304 Mbps 4ch 5.53
Gbyte
[0173] The compression coding system specified in the DVD-Video may
compress data at a maximum of 448 Kbps. The sampling frequency to
allow compression is 48 KHz, and the number of quantization bits to
allow compression is 16 bits. Hence, the amount of data to be
handled is limited, and the compression ratio is about 10:1.
Therefore, it is unsuitable for audio data, especially in view of
sound quality. If the compression algorithm is a dolby AC-3
algorithm, the quantization system is 16 bit linear PCM, the
sampling frequency is 48 KHz, the maximum number of channels to
record at is a maximum of 6 ch (one of the audio channels having a
subwoofer channel containing audio data below 200Hz and using 0.1
of that channel), and possible bit rate is 192 Kbps-448 Kbps. The
dolby AC-3 algorithm is very limited in the number of quantization
bits, the sampling frequency, and the high compression ratio,
resulting in serious degradation of sound quality and is thus
unsuitable for audio use exclusively. In addition, when the
compression algorithm is MPEG2 algorithm, the quantization system
is 16 bits-24 bits linear PCM, the sampling frequency is 48 KHz,
the maximum number of channels to record is 8 ch (one of the audio
channels having a subwoofer channel containing audio data below 200
Hz and using 0.1 of that channel), and the possible bit rate is 64
Kbps-912 Kbps. This algorithm has a high quantization bit number
for possible coding and a high channel number to record, but the
sampling frequency is limited and the compression ratio high,
thereby causing degradation of sound quality.
[0174] However, assuming that the transfer rate is 10.08 Mbps and
the time for reproducing is 80 minutes for the DVD-Audio, the
linear PCM audio is achieved as shown in Table 25. Furthermore,
even in the case that the sampling frequency is 44.1 KHz, 88.2 KHz
and 176.4 KHz, the PCM audio may have similar values as those shown
in Table 25.
26TABLE 25 Sampling Number of Bit Rate per Number of Required Data
Frequency Quantization Bits Channel Channels Capacity 48 KHz 16
bits 768 Kbps 13ch 5.99 Gbyte 48 KHz 20 bits 960 Kbps 10ch 5.76
Gbyte 24 bits 1.152 Mbps 8ch 5.53 Gbyte 96 KHz 16 bits 1.536 Mbps
6ch 5.53 Gbyte 20 bits 1.920 Mbps 5ch 5.76 Gbyte 24 bits 2.304 Mbps
4ch 5.53 Gbyte 192 KHz 16 bits 3.072 Mbps 3ch 5.53 Gbyte 20 bits
3.840 Mbps 2ch 4.61 Gbyte 24 bits 4.608 Mbps 2ch 5.53 Gbyte
[0175] Employing DTS in the compression coding system, the
quantization uses 16 bit, 20 bit or 24 bit linear PCM, a sampling
frequency of 48 KHz, 44.1 KHz, 96 KHz, 88.2 KHz, 192 KHz or 176.4
KHz, the maximum number of channels to record is 13 ch, and the
compression ratio is about 4:1. The DTS compression coding has a
high quantization bit number and sampling frequency with a reduced
compression ratio, keeping high sound quality.
[0176] As described above with reference to FIGS. 27 and 29, the
audio or audio/video player determines the kind of DVD by checking
if effective data is stored in the AUDIO_TS directory. Namely, the
DVD-Audio player performs the reproducing function or not according
to whether is effective data stored in the AUDIO_TS directory. The
audio/video player as shown in FIG. 29 performs the audio or video
playing function according to whether effective data stored in the
AUDIO_TS directory.
[0177] FIG. 31 describes the operation of the inventive concept
with reference to the audio/video player as shown in FIG. 29. An
inserted DVD is checked by the system controller 311 in steps 511,
and the content of the AUDIO_TS directory is read in step 513. In
step 515, it is checked whether there is effective data stored in
the AUDIO_TS directory. If the inserted DVD is a DVD-Video, there
is no effective data in the AUDIO_TS directory. Namely, the
DVD-Video has the AUDIO_TS directory, but it is empty. However, if
the inserted DVD is a DVD-Audio, the AUDIO_TS directory contains
the information on the positions of the audio data as shown in
FIGS. 10 to 18C.
[0178] Detecting effective data in the AUDIO_TS directory in step
515, the system controller 311 determines the inserted disk as
being a DVD-Audio in step 517. In step 519, the position of the AMG
as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is located by reading the AUDIO_TS
directory. Then, the pickup device 312 is moved to the position of
the AMG in the DVD in step 521, where the AMG is read to confirm
the information on the places storing the entire audio data. As
shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the AMG contains the information on all
audio titles stored in the DVD-Audio as well as the attribute and
position information of each title.
[0179] In step 523, the system controller 311 checks whether there
is a demand for reproducing a specific audio title. The demand is
made by the user or a command stored in the DVD-Audio. Detecting
the demand to reproduce a title, the system controller 311 locates
the position of the title in the disk according to the position
information obtained from the AMG in step 525, and in step 527,
moves the pickup device 312 to the position of the ATSI_MAT of the
title to read it. In step 529, the information of the ATSI_MAT as
shown in FIGS. 15 to 18C is analyzed to determine the reproducing
algorithm by discovering the kind and attribute of the audio title
to play. In step 531, the audio decoding circuit 413 of the
audio/video decoder 315 is set to the selected audio data from the
DVD-Audio according to the reproducing algorithm. The information
required to set the audio decoding circuit 413 are the audio coding
mode, the sampling frequency, the quantization bit number and the
channel number. Finally, the selected title is decoded by the audio
decoding circuit 413 played in step 533.
[0180] On the other hand, if there is no effective data in the
AUDIO_TS directory in step 515, the system controller 311
determines the inserted disk as being a DVD-Video, and in step 537,
the position of the VMG is located by reading the VIDEO_TS
directory. Then, the pickup device 312 is moved to the position of
the VMG in the DVD in step 539, where the VMG is read to confirm
the information on the places storing the entire video data.
Thereafter, if there is a demand to reproduce a title, the video,
sub-picture and audio data of the selected title are played
according to the information stored in the VTSI_MAT.
[0181] Likewise, a DVD-Audio player, which only reproduces data
from a DVD-Audio, also performs the steps 511 to 533 for the
DVD-Audio, but stops the playing operation for a DVD-Video.
[0182] After setting the audio decoding circuit 413 according to
the information stored in the ATSI_MAT, the system controller 311
analyzes the audio pack stored in the data area of a DVD-Audio from
step 533 going through the steps as shown in FIG. 32.
[0183] In step 611, the system controller 311 commands a decoding
operation of the audio decoding circuit 413, and in step 613,
controls the stream parser 412 to transfer the received audio data
to the audio decoding circuit 413 provided with the corresponding
audio algorithm. Then, the audio decoding circuit 413 decodes the
received audio data according to the algorithm set by the system
controller 311. Here, the system controller 311 checks the
operational state of the audio decoding circuit 413 in step 615.
Detecting an abnormal state of the audio decoding circuit, the
process proceeds to step 621 to control the decoding circuit 413 to
stop the decoding operation, and the stream parser 412 is
controlled to stop transferring data. Then, after performing the
repair algorithm according to the abnormal state, the process is
returned to step 611.
[0184] 129 However, if the audio decoding circuit 413 performs the
decoding operation normally in step 615, the decoded audio data is
output through the decoding audio output circuit 414 in step 617.
Thereafter, the operational state of the audio decoding circuit 413
is checked again in step 619. Detecting the abnormal state, the
process proceeds to the step 621, or otherwise the process is
returned to decode the next audio data. When the audio stream is
fully decoded by the audio decoding circuit 413, the system
controller 311 controls the digital processor 316 and audio output
circuit 317 to convert the decoded audio data into an analog
signal.
[0185] Thus, the inventive DVD includes a VIDEO_TS and AUDIO_TS
directory to make it possible to distinguish a DVD-Audio from a
DVD-Video by checking effective data stored in the AUDIO_TS
directory. The DVD-Audio may be recorded with the audio data
sampled at a maximum of 192 KHz and quantized by 24 bits. Further,
audio channels may be extended greatly. Therefore, by reproducing
the audio data in the DVD audio, it is possible to reproduce an
audio signal of high quality which is suitable for multi-channel
music. The number of channels limited by the data transfer speed,
the sampling frequency and the quantization bit number is extended
by using a coding algorithm.
[0186] In the case where the linear PCM data sampled at the
sampling frequency of 192 KHz is divided into the linear PCM data
of 96 KHz and the data of 192 KHz so that the data of 96 KHz is
recorded by the lossless psychoacoustic coding, the DVD of the
present invention records the audio titles at the sampling
frequency of 192 KHz in the AUDIO_TS directory by linear PCM
lossless coding, and records the video titles at the sampling
frequency of 96 KHz in the VIDEO_TS directory by linear PCM coding.
The DVD-audio player reads the AUDIO_TS to demodulate the data by
the lossless psychoacoustic coding, and mixes it with the data of
96 KHz to reproduce it into the data of 192 KHz. The DVD-video
player reads the VIDEO_TS directory to reproduce the data of 96
KHz. That is, by recording one title into the AUDIO_TS and VIDEO_TS
separately, the DVD-audio player may reproduce the data at 192 KHz
and the DVD-video player may reproduce the data at 96 KHz.
[0187] Furthermore, in the case where the music data sampled at the
44.1 KHz for an existing CD is provided to the DVD, the music data
of 44.1 KHz should be converted into the music data of 48 KHz in
order to provide it by using the conventional DVD-video format.
Undesirably, however, the audio data may be degraded during the
conversion. The DVD according to the present invention can support
the audio frequency sampled at 44.1 KHz in DVD-audio format. Thus,
it is possible to record the audio data as it is without conversion
of the sampling frequency and provide it together with the video
data, thereby providing the audio sound of high quality.
[0188] Preferably, a general DVD-video player should be connected
to the DVD-audio player which can reproduce the 24-bit data of 192
KHz, since the general DVD-video has a specification inferior to
that of the DVD-audio.
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