U.S. patent application number 09/897992 was filed with the patent office on 2002-03-14 for lyophilized compositions containing sphingoglycolipid and process for preparing them.
Invention is credited to Maruyama, Kazutoshi, Nomura, Hideaki, Takeuchi, Akihiko.
Application Number | 20020032159 09/897992 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26359837 |
Filed Date | 2002-03-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020032159 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Maruyama, Kazutoshi ; et
al. |
March 14, 2002 |
Lyophilized compositions containing sphingoglycolipid and process
for preparing them
Abstract
The object of the present invention is to improve the solubility
of sphingoglycolipids having low solubility in water. Disclosed is
a lyophilized composition comprising the .alpha.-glycosylceramide
represented by the following formula (A) or a salt thereof, a
polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and disaccharide or
monosaccharide, and preferably additional deoxycholic acid or
histidine, and a process for preparing it: 1 wherein R.sub.1
represents H or OH; X denotes an integer in the range of 7-25;
R.sub.2 represents any one of the substituents
--CH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.YC- H.sub.3,
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.s-
ub.3).sub.2, --CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, or
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, wherein Y
denotes an integer in the range of 5-17; either one of R.sub.3 or
R.sub.4 represents H, and the other represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or
NHCOCH.sub.3; either one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 represents H, and
the other represents OH; either one of R.sub.7 or R.sub.8
represents H, and the other represents OH; R.sub.9 represents H,
CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH.
Inventors: |
Maruyama, Kazutoshi;
(Takasaki-Shi, JP) ; Nomura, Hideaki;
(Takasaki-Shi, JP) ; Takeuchi, Akihiko;
(Maebashi-Shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Stephen A. Bent
FOLEY & LARDNER
Washington Harbour
3000 K Street, N.W., Suite 500
Washington
DC
20007-5109
US
|
Family ID: |
26359837 |
Appl. No.: |
09/897992 |
Filed: |
July 5, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
09897992 |
Jul 5, 2001 |
|
|
|
09147099 |
Oct 5, 1998 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/25 ; 514/53;
514/546 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 47/183 20130101;
A61K 9/0019 20130101; A61K 31/7032 20130101; A61K 9/19 20130101;
A61K 47/28 20130101; A61K 47/26 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/25 ; 514/53;
514/546 |
International
Class: |
A61K 031/70; A61K
031/715; A61K 031/22 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 5, 1997 |
JP |
22585/1997 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A lyophilized composition comprising the
.alpha.-glycosylceramide represented by the following formula (A)
or a salt thereof, a polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and
disaccharide or monosaccharide: 4wherein R.sub.1 represents H or
OH, X denotes an integer in the range of 7-25, R.sub.2 represents
any one of the substituents defined in the following (a)-(e): (a)
--CH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (b)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (c)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3- ).sub.2, (d)
--CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (e)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, wherein Y
denotes an integer in the range of 5-17, either one of R.sub.3 or
R.sub.4 represents H, and the other represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or
NHCOCH.sub.3, either one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 represents H, and
the other represents OH, either one of R.sub.7 or R.sub.8
represents H, and the other represents OH, R.sub.9 represents H,
CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH.
2. A lyophilized composition according to claim 1, which comprises
the .alpha.-glycosylceramide represented by the formula (A') or a
salt thereof, a polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and disaccharide
or monosaccharide: 5wherein R.sub.1 represents H or OH, X denotes
an integer in the range of 7-25, R.sub.2 represents any one of the
substituents defined in the following (a)-(e): (a)
--CH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (b)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (c)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2, (d)
--CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3, (e)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.su- b.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3, wherein Y
denotes an integer in the range of 5-17, R.sub.3-R.sub.9 represent
the substituents defined in the following i)-v): i) when R.sub.3,
R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H, R.sub.4 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2
or NHCOCH.sub.3, R.sub.5 represents OH, R.sub.7 represents OH,
R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH; ii) when R.sub.3,
R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H, R.sub.4 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2
or NHCOCH.sub.3, R.sub.5 represents OH, R.sub.8 represents OH,
R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH; iii) when R.sub.4,
R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H, R.sub.3 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2
or NHCOCH.sub.3, R.sub.5 represents OH, R.sub.8 represents OH,
R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH; iv) when R.sub.4,
R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represent H, R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8
represent OH, R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH; v) when
R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represent H, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and
R.sub.8 represent OH, R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or
CH.sub.2OH.
3. A lyophilized composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 of the .alpha.-glycosylceramide
represent H, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represents OH, and R,
represents CH.sub.2OH.
4. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-3,
wherein R.sub.2 of the .alpha.-glycosylceramide represents
substituents (b), (c) or (e).
5. A lyophilized composition according to claim 4, wherein R.sub.1
of the .alpha.-glycosylceramide represents H, and R.sub.2
represents the substituent (b).
6. A lyophilized composition according to claim 5, wherein X of the
methylene in the alkyl group denotes an integer of 21-25, and Y in
the group R.sub.2 denotes 11-15.
7. A lyophilized composition according to claim 6, wherein the
.alpha.-glycosylceramide is
(2S,3S,4R)-1-(.alpha.-D-galactopyranosyloxy)--
2-hexacosanoylamino-3,4-octadecanediol.
8. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-7,
wherein the disaccharide or monosaccharide is sucrose, mannitol or
glucose.
9. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-7,
wherein the disaccharide or monosaccharide is sucrose.
10. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-9,
which further comprises sodium deoxycholate or histidine.
11. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-9,
which comprises 10-1,000 parts by weight of the polyoxysorbitan
fatty acid ester, and 100-10,000 parts by weight of the
disaccharide or monosaccharide to 1 part by weight of the
.alpha.-glycosylceramide.
12. A lyophilized composition according to claim 10, which
comprises 10-1,000 parts by weight of the polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester, 100-10,000 parts by weight of the disaccharide or
monosaccharide, and 10-1,000 parts by weight of the sodium
deoxycholate or histidine to 1 part by weight of the
.alpha.-glycosylceramide.
13. A lyophilized composition according to any one of claims 1-12,
which is a composition for injection.
14. A process for preparing a lyophilized composition, which
comprises dissolving the components to be incorporated into the
composition according to any one of claims 1-13 in an heated
aqueous solvent, cooling the solution, and then subjecting it to
the lyophilization step.
15. A process according to claim 14, wherein the components to be
incorporated is dissolved at 65-90.degree. C., and the solution is
then cooled at a temperature lowering rate of 1.0.degree. C./min or
more.
16. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solution is cooled
rapidly at a temperature lowering rate of 1.5.degree. C./min or
more.
17. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solution is cooled
rapidly at a temperature lowering rate of 2.0.degree. C./min or
more.
18. A process according to claim 15, wherein the solution is cooled
rapidly at a temperature lowering rate of 4.0.degree. C./min or
more.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to lyophilized compositions
containing sphingoglycolipid, and more particularly to lyophilized
compositions containing sphingoglycolipid, in which the
sphingoglycolipids intrinsically having low or little solubility
into water have been improved in their solubility into water, and
the process for preparing them.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] .alpha.-sphingoglycolipids exhibit a variety of useful
physiological activities in body, and may be used for numerous
medical agents such as anti-tumor agents, immunostimulators, and
bone marrow cell proliferating promoters.
[0003] Amongst the sphingoglycolipids, most of the ones comprising
monosaccharide as the sugar moiety are of low or little solubility
in water. Various methods have been examined in order to improve
the solubility of such sphingoglycolipids, resulting in
unsatisfactory solubility. There is a problem in these methods that
solution of the sphingoglycolipids in water preciptates during
their storage thereby decreasing the solubility with the passage of
time.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In view of such circumstances as above, the object of the
present invention is to provide a lyophilized composition
comprising a low or little soluble sphingoglycolipid sugar moiety
of which is composed of a monosaccharide and maintaining a high
re-solubility even after storage for a long period.
[0005] The present inventors have found that when a
sphingoglycolipid (.alpha.-glycosylceramide) which has
.alpha.-glycosyl linkage structure comprising a monosaccharide as a
sugar moiety and a low solubility in water was lyophilized after
incorporation to be dissolved in a solvent together with a
polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and sucrose (white sugar),
mannitol or glucose, or alternatively further comprising sodium
deoxycholate or histidine, the composition has an extremely high
re-solubility still after storage for a long period. The present
invention has been accomplished on the basis of the finding.
[0006] That is to say, the present invention relates to a
lyophilized composition comprising the .alpha.-glycosylceramide as
an active ingredient represented by the following formula (A) or a
salt thereof, a polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and sucrose,
mannitol or glucose, or alternatively further comprising sodium
deoxycholate or histidine: 2
[0007] wherein
[0008] R.sub.1-R.sub.9 and X represent a particular group and an
integer in the particular range described hereinafter,
respectively.
[0009] The present invention also relates to a process for
preparing the lyophilized composition which comprises dissolving
the components incorporated in the composition in a heated aqueous
solvent, cooling and then subjecting the solution to the step of
lyophilization.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a synthetic reaction route
of a typical example of the .alpha.-glycosylceramide compounds (KRN
7000) used in the present invention, in which reaction route pyr
represents pyridine, BrPPh.sub.3(CH.sub.2).sub.12CH.sub.3
represents tridecanetriphenylphosphonium bromide, n-BuLi represents
n-butyl lithium, MsCl represents methanesulfonyl chloride, BnBr
represents benzyl bromide, and 1-PrOH represents propyl
alcohol.
[0011] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a synthetic reaction route
following FIG. 1, in which reaction route WSC-HCl represents
1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethyl-aminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, MS4A
represents Molecular Sieves 4A, and Hex.sub.4NBr represents
tetrahexylammonium bromide.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0012] [Compound Represented by the Formula (A)]
[0013] The compound used in the composition according to the
present invention is as described above the compound having the
.alpha.-galactoceramide structure represented by the formula (A),
in which X and R.sub.1-R.sub.9 are defined as described below.
[0014] [In the formula,
[0015] R.sub.1 represents H or OH,
[0016] X denotes an integer in the range of 7-25,
[0017] R.sub.2 represents any one of the substituents defined in
the following (a)-(e):
[0018] (a) --CH.sub.2(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3,
[0019] (b) --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3,
[0020] (c) --CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3).sub.2,
[0021] (d) --CH.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH.sub.3,
[0022] (e)
--CH(OH)(CH.sub.2).sub.YCH(CH.sub.3)CH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
[0023] wherein Y denotes an integer in the range of 5-17,
[0024] either one of R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 represents H, and the other
represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or NHCOCH.sub.3,
[0025] either one of R.sub.5 or R.sub.6 represents H, and the other
represents OH,
[0026] either one of R.sub.7 or R.sub.8 represents H, and the other
represents OH,
[0027] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH.]
[0028] In the preferred embodiment, the above-described compound is
the .alpha.-glucosylceramide represented by the formula (A') 3
[0029] wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and X have the same meanings as
defined above, and R.sub.3-R.sub.9 represent the substituents
defined in the following i)-v):
[0030] i) when R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H,
[0031] R.sub.4 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or NHCOCH.sub.3,
[0032] R.sub.5 represents OH,
[0033] R.sub.7 represents OH,
[0034] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH;
[0035] ii) when R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H,
[0036] R.sub.4 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or NHCOCH.sub.3,
[0037] R.sub.5 represents OH,
[0038] R.sub.8 represents OH,
[0039] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH;
[0040] iii) when R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 represent H,
[0041] R.sub.3 represents H, OH, NH.sub.2 or NHCOCH.sub.3,
[0042] R.sub.5 represents OH,
[0043] R.sub.8 represents OH,
[0044] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH;
[0045] iv) when R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represent H,
[0046] R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent OH,
[0047] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH;
[0048] v) when R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represent H,
[0049] R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent OH,
[0050] R.sub.9 represents H, CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2OH.
[0051] The preferred .alpha.-glycosylceramide compound used in the
present invention is the one having the sugar moiety in the formula
(A) in which R.sub.3, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H, R.sub.4,
R.sub.5 and R.sub.7 represent OH, and R.sub.9 represents
CH.sub.2OH, and the ceramide moiety in which R.sub.2 represents
substituent (b), (c) or (e) containing an OH, particularly (b). In
the preferred compounds described above, the compounds having the
ceramide moiety in which R.sub.1 represents H and R.sub.2
represents (b) are more preferred. In addition, X of methylene in
the alkyl group of the ceramide moiety preferably denotes the
integer in the range of 11-25, more preferably in the range of
21-25, and Y in the group R.sub.2 preferably denotes the integer in
the range of 9-17, more preferably in the range of 11-15.
[0052] Among the .alpha.-glucosylceramides used in the present
invention,
(2S,3S,4R)-1-(.alpha.-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-2-hexacosanoylamino-3,4-octa-
decanediol is the particularly preferred compound and referred to
hereinafter as KRN7000 (see FIG. 2 as to the structural
formula).
[0053] The compound represented by the formula (A) may include an
acid adduct salt thereof. The compounds used in the present
invention include the adduct salts thereof.
[0054] Acids with which the acid adduct salts are formed include
for example inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric
acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as
acetic acid, propionic acid, maleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic
acid, citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid,
glutamic acid, pantothenic acid, laurylsulfonic acid,
methanesulfonic acid and phthalic acid.
[0055] In addition, it is a matter of course that when an acid
addition salt is used as a pharmaceutical agent, the acid must be a
pharmaceutically acceptable one.
[0056] The active component compound used in the present invention
can be prepared by any methods appropriate for the synthesis of an
.alpha.-glycosylceramide.
[0057] Some of the .alpha.-glycosylceramide compounds are described
together with the methods for synthesizing them in WO93/5055,
WO94/2168 and WO94/9020, and can be prepared according to the
methods. Also, as the preferred method, there is illustrated in the
Examples mentioned hereinafter a method for synthesizing the
compound KRN7000, that is a method for synthesizing the ceramide
moiety starting from D-lyxose and bonding galactose as the sugar
moiety to the ceramide thus synthesized (see the Examples hereunder
and FIGS. 1 and 2 as to the details). The objective compound can be
synthesized according to the method. In addition, the general
synthesis method of .alpha.-glycosylceramides is disclosed for
example in J. Med. Chem., 38, 2176 (1995).
[0058] [Lyophilized Composition and Method for Preparing It]
[0059] The lyophilized composition according to the present
invention can be used for such applications as injections and as
culture medium for cell therapy using an aqueous solvent such as
water or a buffer solution.
[0060] The .alpha.-glycosylceramide compound as the active
component used in the composition of the present invention has a
variety of physiological activities, and the present composition
can be used for injections (including instillation) as the
medicinal agents such as anti-tumor agents, immunostimulators (see
WO93/5055), and bone marrow cell proliferating promoters (see
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. WO94/2168), treatment
agents for autoimmune diseases, and peripheral blood stem cell
proliferating agents.
[0061] Also, the lyophilized composition according to the present
invention can be used for cell therapy, for example for a large
volume suspension of cells or culture medium in the antigen
presenting cell therapy (Yamaguchi, Y. et al., Oncol. Res., 8, 399
(1997)), the tumor therapy or the like in which an antigen
presenting cell, a cancer cell or the like is cultured, activated
in vitro and returned to body.
[0062] The lyophilized composition according to the present
invention comprises the above-described .alpha.-glucosylceramide or
a salt thereof, a polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester, and
disaccharide or monosaccharide (including their combination)
incorporated therein, and is excellent in solubility in water after
lyophilization and after storage for a long period. In addition,
the re-solubility after storage for a long period can be further
improved by additionally incorporating sodium deoxycholate or
histidine (including their combination) into the above
formulation.
[0063] The polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester includes Polysorbate
20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, Polysorbate 80 and the like,
and Polysorbate 20 is preferred. It is incorporated preferably in
an amount of 10-1,000 parts by weight, more preferably 20-100 parts
by weight on the basis of 1 part by weight of the active compound.
The disaccharide includes sucrose, lactose, maltose and the like,
among which sucrose is particularly preferred. The monosaccharide
includes glucose, fructose, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol and the
like, among which glucose and mannitol are particularly preferred.
These saccharides are incorporated preferably in an amount (total
amount in the case of combination) of 100-10,000 parts by weight,
more preferably 200-2,000 parts by weight on the basis of 1 part by
weight of the active compound. In addition, sodium deoxycholate and
histidine are incorporated preferably in an amount (total amount in
the case of combination) of 10-1,000 parts by weight, more
preferably 20-400 parts by weight.
[0064] As to components to be incorporated, there may be added, in
addition to the above-described basic components, additives such as
a dissolution aid such as polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil
60, a buffer such as phosphate, an isotonic agent such as sodium
chloride, an analgesic agent such as benzyl alcohol, if
necessary.
[0065] The lyophilized composition according to the present
invention can be prepared fundamentally by dissolving the
above-described components to be incorporated in an appropriate
solvent such as distilled water by heat stirring, followed by
cooling and lyophilizing the solution. That is to say, the process
for preparing the lyophilized composition according to the present
invention comprises dissolving the above-described components to be
incorporated in a heated aqueous solvent, cooling and then
subjecting the solution to the step of lyophilization.
[0066] The aqueous solvent includes distilled water, physiological
saline, buffer, and the like.
[0067] In the above-described process, the components to be
incorporated are dissolved in a solvent heated usually at a
temperature in the range of 65-90.degree. C., preferably
70-85.degree. C. If the heating temperature is too high, the
storage stability of the incorporated components is lowered; if the
temperature is too low, the components are hardly dissolved. The
solution thus obtained is cooled usually at a temperature lowering
rate of 0.5.degree. C.-1.0.degree. C./min or more, or cooled
rapidly at a temperature lowering rate of preferably 1.5.degree.
C./min or more, more preferably 2.0.degree. C./min or more, most
preferably 4.0.degree. C./min or more. The solution is usually
cooled in a circulating incubator to a temperature of 50-40.degree.
C. or less, preferably about 20-30.degree. C., then filtered and
lyophilized. Cooling in a shorter time will further stabilize the
re-solubility after storage for a long period.
[0068] Lyophilization process can be carried out with a container
such as ampoule or vial and a lyophilization apparatus according to
the conventional method, preferably under the condition of a
freezing temperature at -20.degree. C. or less and of a degree of
vacuum at 0.1 Torr or less.
[0069] The composition of the present invention thus prepared in
its use as injection is administered to a body as a pharmaceutical
agent for injection in the form of solution reconstituted, when the
composition is used, in an appropriate amount of a solvent for
injection, usually distilled water, physiological saline or the
like (the concentration of .alpha.-glycosylceramide being usually
in the range of 0.1-1,000 .mu.g/ml).
[0070] The composition of the present invention can be administered
via any appropriate dosage routes, specifically in the case of
animals, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intravascularly, e.g.
intravenously or intraarterially, topically or the like, and in the
case of human, intravenously, intraarterially, topically,
intraperitoneally, intrathoracically, subcutaneously,
intramuscularly, or the like.
[0071] The dosage of the composition of the present invention for
injection is determined in consideration of the individual
situation so that the total dosage administered continuously or
intermittently does not exceed the predetermined amount. It is
needless to say that the specific dosage varies depending upon the
dosage routes, situations of a patient such as age, body weight,
sex, sensitivity, administration time for meal (feed), combined
pharmaceutical agents, the patient or severity of disease.
Furthermore, suitable dosage and frequency under a certain
condition must be determined on the basis of the above-described
instructions by the dosage finding test of professional physicians.
The dosage of the effective component in the composition of the
present invention required for expressing its activity is, for
example, in the range of about 0.001-10 mg per day in adult human
in the case of intravenous administration.
[0072] In addition, in the non-injection uses such as antigen
presenting cell therapy, tumor therapy or the like, the composition
of the present invention is reconstituted in a culture medium
containing an aqueous solvent (distilled water, physiological
saline, buffer, and the like) to culture in the solution the
antigen presenting cells (such as dendritic cells) or the cells
intended to enhance the immunogenicity (such as tumor cells) thus
resulting in in vitro contact of the cells with the composition of
the present invention so as to enhance the antigen presenting
activity or the immunogenicity. By way of example, the composition
of the present invention can be added to the cell culturing medium
in such an amount as the final concentration of
.alpha.-glycosylceramide to be in the range of 0.1-10,000 ng/ml
(preferably 10-1,000 ng/ml) to culture the cells for 12 hours-14
days for enhancing the antigen presenting activity or the
immunogenicity of the cells. The cells whose antigen presenting
activity or the immunogenicity has been enhanced can be
administered by the conventional methods in the form of injection,
suspension, emulsion or the like via a variety of conventional
dosage routes (such as intravenous, intraarterial or subcutaneous
administration).
Examples
[0073] The Examples of the present invention are described below,
which is not intended to limit the invention.
[0074] The .alpha.-glucosylceramides used as the active component
in the lyophilized composition of the present invention have, as
described above, a variety of physiological activities such as
anti-tumor activity, immuno-stimulating activity, bone marrow cell
proliferation promoting activity or antigen presenting activity
enhancing activity.
[0075] [Preparation Example of the Compound]
[0076] Preparation of .alpha.-glycosylceramide
[0077] Synthesis example of KRN7000 as a representative example of
.alpha.-glycosylceramide is described below (see FIGS. 1 and
2).
[0078] (1) Synthesis of the Compound G1
[0079] To a solution of D-lyxose (200 g, 1.33 mole) in acetone
dehydrated with calcium chloride (3.0 L) was added sulfuric acid
(0.5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18
hours. After neutralization with powdery Molecular Sieves 4A, the
reaction mixture was filtered through celite, and the residue was
washed with acetone. The filtrate and the wash were combined and
concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product of G1
in a yield of 240 g (95%). The product was used for the subsequent
steps without further purification. The analytical sample was
purified by silica gel chromatography with an eluting solvent of
hexane:acetone (9:1). mp 76-78.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 191
(M+1).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 5.45 (1H, d,
J=1.8 Hz), 4.83 (1H, dd, J=3.7, 5.5 Hz), 4.64 (1H, d, J=6.1 Hz),
4.27-4.30 (1H, m), 3.90-3.99 (2H, m), 1.48 (3H, s), 1.32 (3H,
s).
[0080] (2) Synthesis of the Compound G2
[0081] To a solution of the compound G1 (239 g, ca. 1.26 mmole) in
methylene chloride (168 ml) were added pyridine (10 ml) and trityl
chloride (39.0 g), and the mixture was stirred at 32.degree. C. for
4 hours. Ethanol (8 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After washing with
saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, saturated aqueous
sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, and the reaction
mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was
dissolved in ethyl acetate and cooled to 0.degree. C. for
crystallization. Yield 501 g (87% from D-lyxose). mp
174-176.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 432 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.21-7.49 (15H, m), 5.38 (1H, d, J=2.4 Hz),
4.75 (1H, dd, J=3.7, 6.1 Hz), 4.59 (1H, d, J=6.1 Hz), 4.31-4.35
(1H, m), 3.43 (1H, dd, J=4.9, 9.8 Hz), 3.39 (1H, dd, J=6.7, 9.8
Hz), 1.29 (3H, s), 1.28 (3H, s).
[0082] (3) Synthesis of the Compound G3
[0083] To a solution of tridecanetriphenylphosphonium bromide (962
g, 1.16 mole; prepared by heating 1-bromotridecane and
triphenylphosphine at 140.degree. C. for 4.5 hours) in THE (1500
ml) was added under argon dropwise a 2.5 M hexane solution of
n-butyl lithium (462 ml; 366 mmole) at 0.degree. C. After dropwise
addition, the mixture was stirred, and a solution of the compound
G2 (250 g, 579 mmole) in THF (450 ml) was added dropwise. The
mixture was heated gradually up to room temperature with stirring
for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was diluted with a mixture of
hexane:methanol:water (10:7:3, 1000 ml) and washed with saturated
aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The aqueous layer was extracted
with hexane (500 ml), and all of the organic layers were combined,
dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under
reduced pressure to give the crude product of G3. It was used
directly for the subsequent step without further purification.
Yield 339 g (98%). The analytical sample was purified by silica gel
chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane:ethyl acetate
(9:1). FDMS m/z 598 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 3
7.21-7.45 (15H, m), 5.48-5.59 (2H, m), 4.91 (0.7H, t, J=7.3 Hz),
4.44 (0.3H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 4.26 (0.3H, dd, J=4.3, 7.3 Hz), 4.21
(0.7H, dd, J=4.3, 6.7 Hz), 3.75 (0.7H, m), 3.69 (0.3H, m), 3.24
(0.3H, dd, J=4.9, 9.8 Hz), 3.17 (0.7H, dd, J=4.9, 9.8 Hz),
3.09-3.14 [1H, (3.11, dd, J=4.9, 9.2 Hz), H1bE overlapped],
1.75-2.03 (2H, m), 1.49 (3H, s), 1.39 and 1.38 (3H, each s),
1.21-1.34 (20H, m), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz).
[0084] (4) Synthesis of the Compound G4
[0085] To a solution of the compound G3 (338 g, ca. 565 mmole) in
methylene chloride (1500 ml) were added pyridine (500 ml) followed
by methanesulfonyl chloride (49 ml, 633 mmole) dropwise, and the
mixture was stirred at 31.degree. C. for 24 hours. Ethanol (40 ml)
was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 1 hour. After concentration under reduced pressure, the residue
was diluted with a mixture of hexane:methanol:water (10:7:3, 1000
ml), and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted
three times with hexane (200 ml), and all of the organic layers was
combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated
under reduced pressure to give the crude product of G4. It was used
directly for the subsequent step without further purification.
Yield 363 g (95%). The analytical sample was purified by silica gel
chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane: ethyl acetate
(9:1). FDMS m/z 676 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 7.21-7.47 (15H, m), 5.41 (0.7H, ddd, J=5.5, 9.2, 11.0 Hz),
5.32 (0.7H, bt, J=11.0 Hz), 5.22 (0.3H, bdd, J=9.2, 15.0 Hz), 5.02
(0.3H, dt, J.sub.t=7.3 Hz, J.sub.d=15.0 Hz), 4.8 (0.7H, ddd, J=3.1,
5.5, 7.9 Hz), 4.73 (0.7H, dd, J=5.5, 9.8 Hz), 4.64-4.67 (0.3H, m),
4.61 (0.3H, dd, J=5.5, 9.2 Hz), 4.48 (0.7H, dd, J=5.5, 7.9 Hz),
4.22 (0.3H, dd, J=5.5, 9.2 Hz), 3.55 (0.3H, dd, J=2.4, 11.6 Hz),
3.45 (0.7H, dd, J=3.2, 11.0 Hz), 3.06-3.12 [4H, (3.12, s), (3.11,
s), (3.09, dd, J=3.1, 11.0 Hz)], 1.66-1.82 (2H, m), 1.47 and 1.46
(3H, each s), 1.39 (3H, s), 1.13-1.35 (20H, m), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.8
Hz).
[0086] (5) Synthesis of the Compound G5
[0087] To a solution of the compound G4 (362 g, ca. 536 mmole) in
methylene chloride (1500 ml) was added methanol (350 ml), then
added dropwise concentrated hydrochloric acid (200 ml), and the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction
mixture was neutralized with sodium hydrogen carbonate, and
filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and
the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with brine.
The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, and all of the
organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium
sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrate
was crystallized from hexane. Yield 161 g (70% from G2). mp
66-67.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 377 (M-H.sub.2O).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500
MHz, CDCl.sub.3+D.sub.2O) d 5.86 (0.3H, dt, J.sub.t=7.3 Hz,
J.sub.d=14.7 Hz), 5.77 (0.7H, dt, J.sub.t=7.3 Hz, J.sub.d=10.4 Hz),
5.55 (0.3H, br.dd, J=7.3, 14.7 Hz), 5.49 (0.7H, bt, J=9.8 Hz),
4.91-4.97 (1H, m), 4.51 (0.7H, bt, J=9.8 Hz), 4.11 (0.3H, bt,
J=7.3Hz), 3.94-4.03 (2H, m), 3.67-3.73 [1H, (3.70, dd, J=3.1, 6.7
Hz), (3.69, dd, J=3.1, 7.3 Hz)], 3.20 and 3.19 (3H, each s),
2.05-2.22 (2H, m), 1.22-1.43 (20H, m), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz).
[0088] (6) Synthesis of the Compound G6
[0089] To a solution of the compound G5 (160 g, 405 mmole) in THF
(780 ml) was added 5% palladium-barium sulfate (16 g), and reactor
was purged with hydrogen gas, and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through
celite, and washed with mixture of chloroform:methanol (1:1). The
filtrate and the wash were combined and concentrated under reduced
pressure. The residue was crystallized from ethyl acetate. Yield
146 g (91%). [.alpha.].sup.23.sub.D+12.degree. (cl,
CHCl.sub.3/MeOH=1:1); mp 124-126.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 397
(M+1).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3+CD.sub.3OD=1:1)
.delta. 4.93-4.96 (1H, m, H2), 3.91 (1H, dd, J=6.7, 12.2 Hz), 3.85
(1H, dd, J=4.9, 12.2 Hz), 3.54-3.60 (1H, m), 3.50 (1H, dd, J=1.8,
8.5 Hz), 3.19 (3H, s), 1.75-1.83 (1H, m), 1.53-1.62 (1H, m),
1.21-1.45 (24H, m), 0.89 (3H, t, J=6.7 Hz).
[0090] (7) Synthesis of the Compound G7
[0091] To a solution of the compound G6 (145 g, 365 mmole) in DMF
(1000 ml) was added sodium azide (47 g, 730 mmole), and the mixture
was stirred at 95.degree. C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was
concentrated, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (450
ml) and washed with water. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with
ethyl acetate. All organic layers were combined, washed with brine,
dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated under
reduced pressure to give the crude product of G7. Yield 122 g
(97%). It was used directly for the subsequent step without further
purification. Yield 126 g (95%). The analytical sample was purified
by silica gel chromatography with an eluting solvent of
hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1). [.alpha.].sup.23.sub.D+16.5.degree. (c
0.5, CHCl.sub.3--MeOH=1:1); mp 92-93.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 344
(M+1).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD) .delta. 3.91 (1H,
dd, J=3.7, 11.6 Hz), 3.75 (1H, dd, J=7.9, 11.6 Hz), 3.49-3.61 (3H,
m), 1.50-1.72 (2H, m), 1.22-1.46 (24H, m), 0.90 (3H, t, J=6.7
Hz).
[0092] (8) Synthesis of the Compound G8
[0093] To a solution of the compound G7 (121 g, ca. 352 mmole) in
methylene chloride (750 ml) were added pyridine (250 ml) and trityl
chloride (124 g, 445 mmole), and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 16 hours. After dropwise addition of ethanol (30
ml) and stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the reaction
mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate
solution, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and brine,
dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under
reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel
chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane:ethyl acetate
(10:1). Yield 34.4 g (52% from G6).
[.alpha.].sup.24.sub.D+11.9.degree. (c 0.9, CHCl.sub.3); FDMS m/z
585 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3+D.sub.2O) .delta.
7.24-7.61 (15H, m), 3.62-3.66 (2H, m), 3.51-3.57 (2H, m), 3.42 (1H,
dd, J=6.0, 10.4 Hz), 1.23-1.56 (26H, m), 0.88 (3H, t, J=6.7
Hz).
[0094] (9) Synthesis of the Compound G9
[0095] To a solution of the compound G8 (33.5 g, 57.3 mmole) in DMF
(300 ml) was added 60% sodium hydroxide (5.5 g, ca. 138 mmole as
NaH), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40
minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C., and
benzyl bromide (15 ml, 120 mmole) was added dropwise. The reaction
mixture was stirred for 18 hours while the temperature was raised
gradually up to room temperature. Ice-water (100 ml) was added to
the reaction mixture to stop the reaction, and the mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed three times
with brine, and all the organic layers were combined, dried over
anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give the crude product of G9. It was used directly for
the subsequent step without further purification. Yield 42.2 g
(96%). The analytical sample was purified by silica gel
chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane:ethyl acetate
(100:1). [.alpha.].sup.24.sub.D+9.8.degree. (c 1.0, CHCl.sub.3);
FDMS m/z 738 (M-N.sub.2).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, CD.sub.3OD)
.delta. 7.07-7.48 (25H, m), 4.57 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.44 (1H, d,
J=11.6 Hz), 4.41 (2H, s), 3.73-3.79 (1H, m), 3.46-3.56 (2H, m),
3.37 (1H, dd, J=8.6, 10.4 Hz), 1.20-1.64 (26H, m), 0.88 (3H, t,
J=6.7 Hz).
[0096] (10) Synthesis of the Compounds G10 and G11
[0097] To a solution of the compound G9 (41.2 g, ca. 54 mmole) in
1-propanol (250 ml) was added methanol (30 ml), followed by 5%
palladium-carbon (4.1 g) and ammonium formate (27.1 g, 4.3 mole).
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, diluted
with ethyl acetate, and filtered through celite. The filtrate was
concentrated under reduced pressureconstituted in ethyl acetate,
washed three times with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate
solution and brine. All the organic layers were combined, dried
over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give the crude product of G10. Yield 38.9 g (98%). The
product G10 thus obtained was directly used for the next step
without further purification.
[0098] To a solution of the compound G10 in methylene chloride (300
ml) were added hexacosanoic acid (22.4 g, 56.5 mmole) and WSC
hydrochloride (12.6 g, 64.6 mmole), and the mixture was heated with
refluxing for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated
under reduced pressure. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate
(500 ml), and washed with 0.5 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution,
brine, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and
finally with brine. All the organic layers were combined, dried
over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced
pressure to give the crude product of G11. Yield 53.2 g (88%). The
product G11 thus obtained was directly used for the next step
without further purification. The analytical sample was purified by
silica gel chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane: ethyl
acetate (100:1). [.alpha.].sup.24.sub.D+5.3.degree. (c 0.4,
CHCl.sub.3); FDMS m/z 1118 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.20-7.38 (25H, m), 5.57 (1H, d, J=9.1 Hz),
4.80 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.48-4.50 (3H, m), 4.24-4.32 (1H, m), 3.83
(1H, dd, J=3.0, 6.7 Hz), 3.43-3.51 (2H, m, H1a), 3.29 (1H, dd,
J=4.3, 9.8 Hz), 1.92 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 1.28-1.60 (72H, m), 0.88
(6H, t, J=6.7 Hz).
[0099] (11) Synthesis of the Compound G12
[0100] To a solution of the compound G11 (52.2 g, ca. 47 mmole) in
methylene chloride (180 ml) were added methanol (36 ml), then added
dropwise 10% hydrochloric acid-methanol solution (3.0 ml), and the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction
solution was neutralized with powdery sodium hydrogen carbonate (18
g), and filtered through celite. The residue was washed with
methylene chloride. The filtrate and the wash were combined, washed
with brine, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was dissolved in acetone under heating, and purified by
forming precipitation at 0.degree. C. Yield 38.6 g (77% from G9).
[].sup.24.sub.D-29.7.degree. (c 0.7, CHCl.sub.3); mp
75-76.5.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 876 M.sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.30-7.47 (1OH, m), 6.03 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz),
4.72 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.66 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.61 (1H, d,
J=11.6 Hz), 4.45 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.12-4.17 (1H, m), 4.00 (1H,
dt, J.sub.t=4.3, J.sub.d=7.3 Hz), 3.67-3.72 (2H, m), 3.61 (1H, ddd,
J=4.3, 8.6, 11.6 Hz), 1.94-2.05 (2H, m), 1.15-1.69 (72H, m), 0.88
(6H, t, J=6.1 Hz).
[0101] (12) Synthesis of the Compound G13
[0102] 1) 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl acetate (79.8
g) was dissolved in the mixed solvent of toluene (160 ml) and
isopropyl ether (520 ml), and cooled to a temperature in the range
of -10-0.degree. C. An isopropyl ether solution containing 2.0
equivalents of HBr (2.8 mmole/ml, ca. 100 ml) was added to this
mixture. After stirring at -10-0.degree. C. for about 90 minutes,
unreacted HBr in the reaction mixture was neutralized with 5%
aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The total volume of the
mixture was separated in a separatory funnel, the aqueous layer was
discarded, and the organic layer was washed twice with 10% aqueous
sodium chloride solution, and concentrated under reduced pressure
to give 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-.alpha.-D-galactopyranosyl bromide
(GalBr) in the form of syrup.
[0103] 2) To a solution of the compound G12 (60.0 g, 68.6 mmole),
tetrahexylammonium bromide (89.4 g, 206 mmole) and Molecular Sieves
4A (60 g) in toluene (420 ml) were added DMF (140 ml) followed by a
solution of GalBr (ca. 137 ml) in toluene (250 ml), and the mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 72 hours. Methanol (12 ml) was
added to the reaction solution, and the mixture was stirred for 2
hours, filtered through celite, washed with saturated aqueous
sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous
magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The
residue was diluted with acetonitrile, and stirred for 2 hours to
give precipitate. The precipitate thus obtained was dried under
reduced pressure to give a dry powder. This product was purified by
silica gel chromatography with an eluting solvent of hexane:ethyl
acetate (8:1). Yield 70.9 g (74%)
[.alpha.].sup.24.sub.D+18.8.degree. (c 0.9, CHCl.sub.3); mp
74-75.degree. C.; FDMS m/z 1399 (M+1).sup.+; .sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.21-7.37 (30H, m), 6.12 (1H, d, J=9.0 Hz),
4.91 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 4.84 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 4.72-4.80 (4H, m),
4.35-4.65 (7H, m), 4.12-4.18 (1H, m), 3.99-4.05 (2H, m), 3.84-3.93
(4H, m), 3.73 (1H, dd, J=3.7, 11.0 Hz), 3.47-3.51 (2H, m), 3.42
(1H, dd, J=6.1, 9.1 Hz), 1.87-1.99 (2H, m), 1.18-1.70 (72H, m),
0.88 (6H, t, J=7.4 Hz).
[0104] (13) Synthesis of the Compound KRN7000
[0105] To a suspension of the compound G13 (60.0 g, 42.9 mmole) in
ethanol (960 ml) was added a suspension of a 20% solution of
palladium hydroxide (6.0 g) in ethanol, followed by
4-methylcyclohexene (120 ml, 93.5 mmole) as a hydrogen source, and
the mixture was heated at reflux temperature for 4 hours, and
filtered to remove the catalyst. The residue was washed with warmed
ethanol. White precipitates obtained by leaving the filtrate
standing at room temperature was filtered and dried under reduced
pressure. The powdery product thus obtained was suspended in
ethanol:water (92:8, 3.5 liters), dissolved by heating with
stirring, then left standing at room temperature to form
precipitates again. The precipitates were filtered, and the
filtered cake was dried under reduced pressure to give a white
powdery product. Yield 35.0 g (95%).
[.alpha.].sup.23.sub.D+43.6.degree. (c 1.0, pyridine); mp
189.5-190.5.degree. C.; negative FABMS m/z 857 (M-H).sup.-; IR
(cm.sup.-1, KBr) 3300, 2930, 2850, 1640, 1540, 1470, 1070;
.sup.1H-NMR (500 MHz, C.sub.5D.sub.5N) .delta. 8.47 (1H, d, J=8.5
Hz), 5.58 (1H, d, J=3.7 Hz), 5.27 (1H, m), 4.63-4.70 (2H, m), 4.56
(1H, m), 4.52 (1H, t, J=6.1 Hz), 4.37-4.47 (4H, m), 4.33 (2H, m),
2.45 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz), 2.25-2.34 (1H, m), 1.87-1.97 (2H, m),
1.78-1.85 (2H, m), 1.62-1.72 (1H, m), 1.26-1.45 (66H, m), 0.88 (6H,
t, J=6.7 Hz). .sup.13C-NMR (125 MHz, C.sub.5D.sub.5N) .delta. 173.2
(s), 101.5 (d), 76.7 (d), 73.0 (d), 72.5 (d), 71.6 (d), 71.0 (d),
70.3 (d), 68.7 (t), 62.7 (t), 51.4 (d), 36.8 (t), 34.4 (t), 32.1
(t), 30.4 (t), 30.2 (t), 30.03 (t), 30.00 (t), 29.93 (t), 29.87
(t), 29.81 (t), 29.76 (t), 29.6 (t), 26.5 (t), 26.4 (t), 22.9 (t),
14.3 (q).
[0106] [Lyophilized Composition]
[0107] (1) Selection of a Solvent for the Active Component
[0108] Experimental Condition
[0109] First, 1 mg of the active component (KRN7000) was weighed
and stirred in 100 ml of a variety of solvents (Table 3) in a
heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order to form a
solution having a concentration of 10 .mu.g/ml. With respect to the
solvents which were judged to have successfully dissolved 10
.mu.g/ml of the active component, dissolution was further tried in
the same manner as above in order to form a solution having a
concentration of 100 .mu.g/ml. With respect to the solvents which
were judged to have successfully dissolved 100 .mu.g/ml of the
active component, dissolution was further tried in the same manner
as above in order to form a solution having a concentration of 200
.mu.g/ml. After cooling with running water, the solubility of the
component was judged.
[0110] The solubility of the component was judged by the test
described below. First, transparent colorless glass vials having a
volume of 5 ml were charged with about 1.5 ml portion of each
sample and sealed up. The vial was cleaned outside and placed
beneath the white light source in a darkroom for observation with
naked eye at the position of a luminous intensity of about 5,000
lux. When the sample was clear with no precipitates, it was judged
that the active component was dissolved.
[0111] The results are shown in Table 3.
1 TABLE 3 Concentration of the active component KRN7000 Solvents 10
.mu.g/ml 100 .mu.g/ml 200 .mu.g/ml Distilled water + 1N HCl + 1N
NaOH + Propylene glycol - + Macrogol 400 - + Glycerol - + Ethanol -
- - 0.5% Polysorbate 20 - - - 0.5% Polysorbate 80 - + 0.5%
Cremophor + 0.5% HCO 50 + 0.5% HCO 60 + 0.5% Polyoxamer 188 + Note)
Judgment of solubility (by naked eye): + not dissolved (or
deposited), - dissolved.
[0112] From the above results, ethanol or 0.5% Polysorbate 20 was
contemplated as the solvent, but 0.5% Polysorbate 20 was selected
as the solvent because of 100% ethanol being inappropriate for
practical use.
[0113] (2) Examination of the Optimal Amount of the Additional
Solvent
[0114] Experimental Condition
[0115] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in
such concentrations as listed in Table 4. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
Polysorbate solutions having a variety of concentrations in a
heated bath at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order to form a
solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture was
filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 2 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions and sealed up.
[0116] These samples were stored at 25.degree. C. for 2 weeks, and
judged of their solubility. The samples judged in solution were
further stored, and judged again of their solubility after 1
month.
[0117] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in the darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0118] The results are shown in Table 4. In the table, the
variations with the passage of time after storage represent the
solubility when stored in the form of solution.
2TABLE 4 Variation with the passage of time KRN7000 Polysorbate 20
after storage (by naked eye) (.mu.g/ml) (%) 25.degree. C., 2 weeks
25.degree. C., 1 month 200 0.1 + 200 0.2 + 200 0.3 - + 200 0.5 - +
200 1.0 - + 200 2.0 - + 200 4.0 - + 200 8.0 - +
[0119] It was found from these results that Polysorbate 20 is
required to be added in an amount of 0.3% or more, and it was found
from the data of 25.degree. C. for 1 month that Polysorbate 20
alone is not satisfactory for practical use. Thus, lyophilized
preparations were examined in order to maintain the solubility
during storage.
[0120] (3) Examination of Forming Lyophilized Preparations
[0121] Experimental Condition
[0122] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in
such concentrations as listed in Table 5. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
Polysorbate solutions having a variety of concentrations in a
heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order to form a
solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture was
filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions and subjected to
lyophilizaiton. Lyophilization was carried out under the condition
of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours and drying at
-20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12 hours, and
finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the lyophilized
product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or less during
drying step.
[0123] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled water for injection, left
standing for 30 minutes, and solubility was judged when the foams
generated on reconstituiton disappeared.
[0124] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0125] The results are shown in Table 5.
3TABLE 5 Active component Re-solubility immediately (KRN7000)
Polysorbate 20 after lyophilization (.mu.g/ml) (%) (by naked eye)
200 0.5 + 200 1.0 + 200 2.0 +
[0126] It was found from the results that Polysorbate 20 alone was
not satisfactory to a lyophilized preparation.
[0127] (4) Examination of Excipient Appropriate to Lyophilization:
1
[0128] Experimental Condition
[0129] A variety of monosaccharides and disaccharides were used for
examination of excipients of the lyophilized preparation. In this
context, the active component (KRN7000) was set at the
concentration of 200 .mu.g/ml, and Polysorbate 20 which is used
only in a limited amount from the viewpoint of safety was set at
the concentration of 0.5% in the following examination.
[0130] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and the saccharides were dissolved in such
concentrations as listed in Table 6. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
solvents in a heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order
to form a solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture
was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0131] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled water for injection, left
standing for 30 minutes, and solubility was judged when the foams
generated on reconstitution disappeared.
[0132] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0133] The results are shown in Table 6.
4TABLE 6 Re-solubility Re-solubility immediately immediately after
after Excipients lyophilization Excipients lyophilization Fructose
5% + Lactose 5% + Fructose 10% + Lactose 10% + Xylitol 4.3% +
Glucose 5% - Xylitol 8.6% + Glucose 10% + Sorbitol 5% + Mannitol 5%
+ Sorbitol 10% + Mannitol 10% - Maltose 1.5% + Sucrose 4.8% -
Maltose 3% + Sucrose 9.6% -
[0134] It was considered from these results that sucrose, mannitol
and glucose were suitable for the excipient of lyophilization.
[0135] (5) Examination of Excipient Appropriate to Lyophilization:
2
[0136] Experimental Condition
[0137] The lyophilized preparations having mannitol and sucrose
added thereto were observed on their variation with the passage of
time.
[0138] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and the saccharides were dissolved in such
concentrations as listed in Table 7. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
solvents in a heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order
to form a solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture
was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0139] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
was stored at 25.degree. C. After storage for 1 month, the
lyophilized composition was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled
water for injection, left standing for 30 minutes, and solubility
was judged when the foams generated on reconstitution disappeared.
The samples judged in solution were further stored, and judged
again of their solubility after 4 months.
[0140] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0141] The results are shown in Table 7.
5 TABLE 7 Re-solubility after storage (by naked eye) Excipients
25.degree. C., 1 month 25.degree. C., 4 months Mannitol 10% - +
Sucrose 9.6% - +
[0142] It was found from these results that the lyophilized
composition having mannitol or sucrose was stable than the
composition containing 0.5% Polysorbate 20 solution, and still
formed a solution even after storage at 25.degree. C. for 1
month.
[0143] In order to examine a formulation which can be stored for a
further longer period, the following examinations were carried out
on the additives.
[0144] (6) Examination of Additives for Improving the Re-solubility
During Storage
[0145] (i) In the Case of Selecting Mannitol as the Excipient
[0146] Experimental Condition
[0147] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and mannitol and a variety of additives such
concentrations as listed in Table 8. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
solvents in a heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order
to form a solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture
was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0148] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
was stored at 25.degree. C. After storage for 1 month, the
lyophilized composition was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled
water for injection, left standing for 30 minutes, and solubility
was judged when the foams generated on reconstitution disappeared.
The samples judged in solution were further stored, and judged
again of their solubility after 4 months.
[0149] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0150] The results are shown in Table 8.
6 TABLE 8 Re- solubility after storage (by nakeded eye) 25.degree.
C., 25.degree. C., Mannitol Additives 1 month 4 months 10% -- - +
10% Sodium deoxycholate, 1% - - 15% -- + + 15% Sodium deoxycholate,
1% + + 15% Glycerol, 1% + + 15% Glycerol,0.1% + + 15% PEG400, 1% +
+
[0151] It was found from the above-described results that when 10%
mannitol was used as the excipient, re-solubility during storage
was improved by adding 1% sodium deoxycholate.
[0152] (ii) In the Case of Selecting Sucrose as the Excipient
[0153] Experimental Condition
[0154] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and sucrose and a variety of additives such
concentrations as listed in Table 9. Next, 20 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the
solvents in a heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order
to form a solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture
was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0155] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
thus obtained was stored at 25.degree. C. or 50.degree. C., or at
both of these temperatures. After storage at 25.degree. C. for 1
month or at 50.degree. C. for 3 days, the lyophilized composition
was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled water for injection, left
standing for 30 minutes, and solubility was judged when the foams
generated on reconstitution disappeared. The samples judged in
solution were further stored, and judged again of their solubility
after storage at 25.degree. C. for 4 months or at 50.degree. C. for
2 weeks.
[0156] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0157] The results are shown in Table 9.
7 TABLE 9 Re-solubility after storage (by naked eye) 25.degree. C.,
25.degree. C., 50.degree. C., 50.degree. C., Sucrose Additives 1
month 4 month 3 days 2 weeks 9.6% - - + + 9.6% Sodium - - - -
deoxycholate, 1% 9.6% Sodium - + deoxycholate, 0.1% 9.6% Pluronic
F68, 1% - + 9.6% Pluronic F68, 0.1% - + 9.6% Propylene glycol, 1% +
9.6% Glycerol, 1% + 9.6% Arginine, 0.1% + 9.6% Glycine, 0.1% + 9.6%
Glycine, 1% + 9.6% Histidine, 2% - 31
[0158] It was found from the above-described results that when
sucrose was used as an excipient, the re-solubility during storage
was improved by the addition of sodium deoxycholate or
histidine.
[0159] (iii) Addition Effects of Sodium Deoxycholate and
Histidine
[0160] Experimental Condition
[0161] Addition effects of sodium deoxycholate and histidine in the
absence of a sugar as the excipient was examined.
[0162] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and histidine or sodium deoxycholate in a
concentration of 1.0%. Next, 20 mg of the active component
(KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml of the solvents in a
heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in order to form a
solution. After cooling with running water, the mixture was
filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent colorless
glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml
portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0163] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
thus obtained was stored at 50.degree. C. After storage for 3 days
or 2 weeks, the lyophilized composition was reconstituted in 1 ml
of distilled water for injection, left standing for 30 minutes, and
solubility was judged when the foams generated on reconstitution
disappeared.
[0164] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0165] The results are shown in Table 10.
8 TABLE 10 Re-solubility after storage (by naked eye) Additives
50.degree. C., 3 days 50.degree. C., 2 weeks Histidine, 1% + Sodium
deoxycholate, 1% +
[0166] It was found from the above-described results that histidine
or sodium deoxycholate alone exhibited no effects.
[0167] (7) Examination of Optimal Formulation
[0168] Experimental Condition
[0169] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, and sucrose and histidine or sodium
deoxycholate in such concentrations listed on Table 11. Next, 20 mg
of the active component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 100 ml
of the solvents in a heated bath to 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes in
order to form a solution. After cooling with running water, the
mixture was filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and transparent
colorless glass vials having a volume of 5 ml were charged with a 1
ml portion of each of a variety of solutions thus obtained and
subjected to lyophilization. Lyophilization was carried out under
the condition of preliminary freezing at -40.degree. C. for 2 hours
and drying at -20.degree. C. for 24 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12
hours, and finally at 25.degree. C. for 5 hours to give the
lyophilized product. The degree of vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or
less during drying step.
[0170] After the lyophilization step, the lyophilized composition
thus obtained was stored at 25.degree. C. or 50.degree. C. After
storage at 25.degree. C. for 2 months or at 50.degree. C. for 2
weeks, the lyophilized composition was reconstituted in 1 ml of
distilled water for injection, left standing for 30 minutes, and
solubility was judged when the foams generated on reconstitution
disappeared. The samples judged to be solution after storage at
25.degree. C. for 2 months were further stored, and judged again of
their solubility after storage for 4 months.
[0171] The solubility was judged by cleaning the outside of the
vial and placing it beneath the white light source in a darkroom
for observation with naked eye at the position of a luminous
intensity of about 5,000 lux. When the sample was clear with no
precipitates, it was judged that the active component was
dissolved.
[0172] The results are shown in Table 11.
9 TABLE 11 Re-solubility after storage (by naked eye) 25.degree.
C., 25.degree. C., 50.degree. C., Sucrose Additives 2 months 4
months 2 weeks 19.2% Sodium deoxycholate, + 0.1% 19.2% Sodium
deoxycholate, + 0.2% 19.2% Sodium deoxycholate, + 0.5% 19.2% Sodium
deoxycholate, + 1% 19.2% Sodium deoxycholate, + 2% 9.6% Sodium
deoxycholate, + 0.2% 9.6% Sodium deoxycholate, - - 0.5% 9.6% Sodium
deoxycholate, - - 1% 9.6% Sodium deoxycholate, - - 2% 4.8% Sodium
deoxycholate, + 0.2% 4.8% Sodium deoxycholate, - - 0.5% 4.8% Sodium
deoxycholate, - - 1% 4.8% Sodium deoxycholate, - - 2% 9.6%
Histidine, 2% - 7.9% Histidine, 0.5% + 6.9% Histidine, 1% - 5.0%
Histidine, 2% - 3.1% Histidine, 3% - 1.1% Histidine, 4% + 5.1%
Histidine, 1% - 3.2% Histidine, 2% -
[0173] It was found from the above-described results that the
re-solubility of the active component with the passage of time
after storage under lyophilization is improved by further
incorporating a suitable amount of sodium deoxycholate or histidine
into polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and white sugar.
[0174] (8) Examination of Cooling Condition after Dissolution with
Heating: 1
[0175] Experimental Condition
[0176] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, histidine in a concentration of 0.75%, and
sucrose in a concentration of 5.6%. Next, 800 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 4 liters of the
solvent under heating at 73.degree. C. for 30 minutes in order to
form a solution. After dissolution, the mixture was divided into
about 500 ml portions, cooled with stirring from 73.degree. C. to
30.degree. C. (6 minutes), from 73.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. (23
minutes), and from 73.degree. C. to 30.degree. C. (120 minutes).
After cooling, the mixtures were filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m
filter, and transparent colorless glass vials having a volume of 5
ml were charged with a 1 ml portion of each of a variety of
solutions thus obtained and subjected to lyophilization.
Lyophilization was carried out under the condition of preliminary
freezing at -50.degree. C. for 5 hours and drying at -15.degree. C.
for 48 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12 hours, and finally at 25.degree.
C. for 7 hours to give the lyophilized product. The degree of
vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or less during drying step.
[0177] The turbidity of the solutions prepared respective cooling
conditions before or after the filtration step, and the lyophilized
composition thus obtained which were reconstituted after leaving
standing at room temperature (25.degree. C.) for 3 hours from the
lyophilization step, were measured. In this connection, the
lyophilized composition was reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled
water for injection, left standing for 30 minutes, and turbidity
was measured when the foams generated on reconstitution
disappeared.
[0178] The turbidity was measured by the following method: various
dilutions including 50-fold dilution (kaolin 2 .mu.g/ml, turbidity
2.00), 100-fold dilution (kaolin 1 .mu.g/ml, turbidity 1.00), and
200-fold dilution (kaolin 0.5 .mu.g/ml, turbidity 0.50) were
prepared by diluting the turbidity standard (kaolin, 0.1 mg/ml)
with distilled water. A calibration curve was made by measuring the
absorbance at a wave length of 660 nm with a control of distilled
water and the various dilutions in a spectrophotometer (HITACHI
U-3210). Next, the absorbance of the solutions was measured under
the same condition as above to calculate the turbidity of the
solutions.
[0179] The results are shown in Table 12.
10 TABLE 12 Turbidity Cooling Lyophilized conditions Before
filtration After filtration composition 73.degree. C. .fwdarw.
30.degree. C., 0.23 0.13 0.24 6 minutes 73.degree. C. .fwdarw.
30.degree. C., 0.58 0.15 0.36 23 minutes 73.degree. C. .fwdarw.
30.degree. C., 0.64 0.16 0.36 120 minutes
[0180] It was found from the above-described results that the
re-solubility of the active component after lyophilization was
improved by rapid cooling as a cooling condition.
[0181] (9) Examination of Cooling Condition after Dissolution with
Heating: 2
[0182] Experimental Condition
[0183] First, Polysorbate 20 was dissolved in distilled water in a
concentration of 0.5%, histidine in a concentration of 0.75%, and
sucrose in a concentration of 5.6%. Next, 800 mg of the active
component (KRN7000) was weighed and stirred in 4 liters of the
solvent under heating at 73.degree. C. for 30 minutes in order to
form a solution. After dissolution, the mixture was divided into
about 500 ml portions, cooled rapidly--gradually with stirring
under the following six rates:
11 Temperature lowering time Cooling conditions (Average
temperature lowering rate) {circle over (1)} 73.degree. C. .fwdarw.
30.degree. C. 4 minutes (10.75.degree. C./min) {circle over (2)}
73.degree. C. .fwdarw. 30.degree. C. 6 minutes (7.17.degree.
C./min) {circle over (3)} 73.degree. C. .fwdarw. 30.degree. C. 7
minutes (6.14.degree. C./min) {circle over (4)} 73.degree. C.
.fwdarw. 30.degree. C. 10 minutes (4.30.degree. C./min) {circle
over (5)} 73.degree. C. .fwdarw. 30.degree. C. 23 minutes
(1.87.degree. C./min) {circle over (6)} 73.degree. C. .fwdarw.
30.degree. C. 120 minutes (0.36.degree. C./min)
[0184] After cooling, the mixtures were filtered through a 0.22
.mu.m filter, and transparent colorless glass vials having a volume
of 5 ml were charged with a 1 ml portion of each of a variety of
solutions thus obtained and subjected to lyophilization.
Lyophilization was carried out under the condition of preliminary
freezing at -50.degree. C. for 5 hours and drying at -15.degree. C.
for 48 hours, 10.degree. C. for 12 hours, and finally at 25.degree.
C. for 7 hours to give the lyophilized product. The degree of
vacuum was set at 0.1 Torr or less during drying step.
[0185] After lyophilization, the lyophilized composition thus
obtained was stored at 50.degree. C. for 1 week, and the turbidity
of the reconstituted solution was measured. In this connection, the
turbidity of the lyophilized composition was used which was
reconstituted in 1 ml of distilled water for injection and left
standing for 30 minutes, and turbidity was measured when the foams
generated on reconstitution disappeared.
[0186] The turbidity was measured by the following method: various
dilutions including 50-fold dilution (kaolin 2 .mu.g/ml, turbidity
2.00), 100-fold dilution (kaolin 1 .mu.g/ml, turbidity 1.00), and
200-fold dilution (kaolin 0.5 .mu.g/ml, turbidity 0.50) were
prepared by diluting the turbidity standard (kaolin, 0.1 mg/ml)
with distilled water. A calibration curve was made by measuring the
absorbance at a wave length of 660 nm with a control of distilled
water and the various dilutions in a spectrophotometer (HITACHI
U-3210). Next, the absorbance of the solutions was measured under
the same condition as above to calculate the turbidity of the
solutions.
[0187] The results are shown in Table 13.
12 TABLE 13 Cooling conditions Turbidity {circle over (1)} 2.08
{circle over (2)} 2.67 {circle over (3)} 3.31 {circle over (4)}
3.80 {circle over (5)} 6.44 {circle over (6)} 18.84
[0188] It was found from the above-described results that the
re-solubility of the active component with the passage of time
after storage is further improved by cooling rapidly.
[0189] [Lyophilized Composition for Injection]
[0190] Composition 1
13 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Mannitol 100 mg Solvent (distilled
water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0191] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0192] Composition 2
14 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Mannitol 100 mg Sodium
deoxycholate 10 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s.
Total 1 ml
[0193] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0194] Composition 3
15 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 100 mg Solvent (distilled
water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0195] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0196] Composition 4
16 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 96 mg Sodium deoxycholate
5 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0197] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0198] Composition 5
17 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 96 mg Sodium deoxycholate
10 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0199] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0200] Composition 6
18 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 96 mg Sodium deoxycholate
20 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0201] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0202] Composition 7
19 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 48 mg Sodium deoxycholate
5 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0203] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved. by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0204] Composition 8
20 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 48 mg Sodium deoxycholate
10 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0205] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0206] Composition 9
21 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 48 mg Sodium deoxycholate
20 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0207] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0208] Composition 10
22 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 75.2 mg Sodium
deoxycholate 5 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) g.s.
Total 1 ml
[0209] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0210] Composition 11
23 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 72.9 mg Sodium
deoxycholate 10 mg Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s.
Total 1 ml
[0211] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0212] Composition 12
24 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 96 mg Histidine 20 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) g.s. Total 1 ml
[0213] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0214] Composition 13
25 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 69 mg Histidine 10 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0215] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0216] Composition 14
26 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 51 mg Histidiine 10 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0217] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0218] Composition 15
27 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 50 mg Histidine 20 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0219] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0220] Composition 16
28 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 32 mg Histidirie 20 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0221] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0222] Composition 17
29 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 31 mg Histidine 30 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0223] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0224] Composition 18
30 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 68.8 mg Histidine 10 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0225] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0226] Composition 19
31 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 56 mg Histidine 7.5 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0227] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0228] Composition 20
32 .alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) 0.2 mg Polyoxysorbitan fatty
acid ester (Polysorbate 20) 5 mg Sucrose 51.2 mg Histidine 10 mg
Solvent (distilled water for injection) q.s. Total 1 ml
[0229] According to the above-described formulation,
.alpha.-glucosylceramide (KRN7000) was completely dissolved by
heating at 80.degree. C. for 20 minutes, cooled with running water
for 15 minutes, filtered through a 0.22 .mu.m filter, and
lyophilized to give a lyophilized preparation for injection.
[0230] Evaluation of Solubility of Lyophilized Preparations
[0231] When the solubility of the lyophilized preparations of the
composition 1-20 was evaluated immediately after lyophilization and
after storage with the passage of time, favorable solubility was
obtained in all of the cases as shown in Table 14.
33 TABLE 14 Re-solubility after storage (by naked eye) 25.degree.
C. 40.degree. C. 50.degree. C. 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 Compound No. month
months months month months months weeks 1 -- 2 -- -- 3 -- 4 -- -- 5
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- 6 -- -- -- -- 7 -- -- -- -- 8 -- -- -- -- 9 --
-- -- -- 10 -- -- -- -- -- -- 11 -- -- -- -- -- -- 12 -- 13 -- 14
-- 15 -- 16 -- 17 -- 18 -- -- -- 19 -- -- -- -- -- 20 -- -- -- --
--: clear with no precipitates.
Industrial Applicability
[0232] According to the present invention, when a sphingoglycolipid
as an active ingredient (.alpha.-glucosylceramide comprising a
monosaccharide as a sugar portion) which has a low solubility in
water was incorporated before lyophilization in combination with a
polyoxysorbitan fatty acid ester and disaccharide (such as sucrose)
or monosaccharide (such as glucose or mannitol), the solubility of
the active component in a solvent is extremely improved. It is also
possible to further enhance the re-solubility after storage for a
long period by additionally incorporating sodium deoxycholate or
histidine into the above formulation. Thus, the composition
according to the present invention is useful as the lyophilized
preparation for injection excellent in solubility.
* * * * *