U.S. patent application number 09/886735 was filed with the patent office on 2002-02-14 for multi-purpose combination snowshoe/ski.
Invention is credited to Hethcock, J. Donn, McCullough, John, McManus, John H..
Application Number | 20020017771 09/886735 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27121554 |
Filed Date | 2002-02-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020017771 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McManus, John H. ; et
al. |
February 14, 2002 |
Multi-purpose combination snowshoe/ski
Abstract
A multi-purpose ski/snowshoe, with a winged frame, an
articulated foot plate, and interchangeable bottom surface plugs is
described. The multi-purpose ski/snowshoe may be configured in
several ways, including a short ski, a short ski with heel-plate
brake, and a fully articulated snowshoe. It may be reconfigured by
a combination of reversing the winged frame, inverting or
interchanging the bottom surface plug, or adjusting the point of
articulation. This provides a highly efficient device for
foot-powered transportation over a wide variety of winter
landscapes.
Inventors: |
McManus, John H.; (Oakland,
CA) ; Hethcock, J. Donn; (Colleyville, TX) ;
McCullough, John; (Willow Park, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Ruben C. DeLeon
HAYNES AND BOONE LLP
Suite 3100
901 Main Street
Dallas
TX
75202-3789
US
|
Family ID: |
27121554 |
Appl. No.: |
09/886735 |
Filed: |
September 17, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
09886735 |
Sep 17, 2001 |
|
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|
09794850 |
Feb 27, 2001 |
|
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60186153 |
Feb 29, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
280/600 ;
36/122 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63C 13/006 20130101;
A63C 13/005 20130101; A63C 7/04 20130101; A63C 13/003 20130101;
A63C 5/025 20200801; A63C 5/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
280/600 ;
36/122 |
International
Class: |
A43B 005/04; A63C
005/00 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A snowshoe comprising: a peripheral platform; a deck spanning an
interior of the peripheral platform; a portion for receiving a shoe
of a user mounted on the deck wherein the portion fits in an
aperture in the platform and wherein the portion pivots to allow a
front of the portion and a rear of the portion to move in an upward
motion and a downward motion; and a plurality of traction portions
which extend generally downward from a horizontal plane of the
deck.
2. The snowshoe of claim 1 wherein the platform includes a first
portion in the front of the portion for receiving shoe and a second
portion in the rear of the portion for receiving the shoe and
wherein a weight of the first portion is less that a weight of the
second portion
3. The snowshoe of claim 1 wherein the platform in
multi-leveled.
4. The snowshoe of claim 1 wherein the plurality of traction
portions extends above a bottom surface of the platform.
5. The snowshoe of claim 1 wherein the plurality of traction
portions extends below a bottom surface of the platform to allow
engagement of a ground surface.
6. The snowshoe of claim 5 further including a locking pin to allow
the front of the portion for receiving the shoe to adjustably pivot
downward below the bottom surface of the platform and wherein the
locking pin prevents the rear portion of the portion for receiving
the shoe from extending below the bottom surface of the
platform.
7. The snowshoe of claim 1 wherein the portion for receiving a shoe
pivots and retards movement when pivoted and the plurality of
longitudinal traction portions extend below the horizontal plane of
the deck.
8. A ski comprising: a peripheral platform; a deck spanning an
interior of a peripheral platform; a flat bottom surface of the
deck, wherein the flat bottom portion is used to traverse a snow
covered area; and a portion for receiving a shoe of a user mounted
on the deck wherein the portion pivots and retards movement when
the portion extends downward below the flat bottom surface of the
deck.
9. The ski of claim 8 wherein the platform includes a first portion
in front of the portion for receiving a shoe and a second portion
behind the portion for receiving a shoe and wherein the first
portion is longer than the second portion.
10. The ski of claim 8 further including a restricting device
restricting the portion for receiving the shoe to pivot up to an
adjustable level.
11. The ski of claim 8 further including a restricting device
preventing the portion for receiving the shoe from pivoting.
12. A combination snowshoe and ski comprising; a peripheral
platform; a deck spanning an interior of a peripheral platform; a
portion for receiving a shoe of a user mounted on the deck; a flat
bottom surface of the deck, wherein the flat bottom portion is used
to traverse a snow covered area; and a removable plurality of
traction portions which extend generally downward from the flat
bottom surface of the deck.
13. The combination snowshoe and ski of claim 12 wherein the
platform includes a first portion in front of the portion for
receiving a shoe and a second portion behind the portion for
receiving a shoe and wherein the first portion is longer than the
second portion when in ski mode.
14. The combination snowshoe and ski of claim 12 wherein the
platform includes a first portion in front of the portion for
receiving a shoe and a second portion behind the portion for
receiving a shoe and wherein the first portion is shorter than the
second portion when in snowshoe mode.
15. The combination snowshoe and ski of claim 12 wherein the
longitudinal traction portions are attached by means of a pivot pin
which passes through the platform, through one of a plurality of
holes in the longitudinal traction portion, and into a matching one
of a plurality of holes in the opposite side of the platform
whereby the platform has elevated extensions above and exterior to
the deck of the platform.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE
[0001] This application is a continuation in part of U.S. Ser. No.
09/794,850 filed Feb. 27, 2001, which claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional application Serial No. 60/186,153 filed Feb. 29,
2000.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The current invention relates generally to equipment for
foot-powered transportation across snow and ice and specifically to
a combination ski/snowshoe device that includes a braking
system.
[0003] There have been many attempts to provide equipment for snow
and ice travel and recreation that is both safe and functional as
skis and snowshoes. As a result, there are a large range and
variety of skis of different composition, lengths, and shapes, with
a multitude of different boots, bindings, and even surface
preparations available, providing various degrees of safety and
functionality.
[0004] For example, conventional short skis cannot be used in
powder, since they have insufficient surface area to allow the
skier to "float" on the snow surface. In contrast, on snow, powder,
and ice, snowshoes have a bottom surface designed to provide
appropriate traction.
[0005] It is well recognized that the respective purposes and
functions of snowshoes and skis are different. In particular,
snowshoes are designed to help a user "grip" the surface being
traversed, while skis are designed to allow the user to slide over
the surface. Moreover, the shape and length of snowshoes and skis
are typically different, with snowshoes being short and wide to
support a user's weight on top of the surface being traversed,
while skis are typically narrow and long to allow for speed of
traversal across the surface.
[0006] A report in the December 2000 issue of "Skiing" magazine
indicates that torn anterior cruciate ligaments ("ACLs") represent
20 percent of all skiing injuries and that a skier is more likely
to completely rip his ACL than he was to break his leg in 1973. It
also quotes John Ettlinger, president of Vermont Ski Safety, as
stating that designing a ski that performs well when a skier is
skiing properly and protects him from himself when he's skiing in
an unsafe manner is nothing more than a simple engineering problem.
He goes on to state that such ski designs would perform like any
other ski when the skier was well-balanced, but if, for example,
the skier started to lean too far back, the ski would progressively
lose its carving ability and start to skid a turn, thus breaking
the sequence of events leading to ACL sprain and allowing the skier
to recover his balance.
[0007] With regard to snowshoes, conventional snowshoes are
difficult to maneuver in a transverse direction up or down a steep
incline. A conventional snowshoe will force the foot to roll over
and sit evenly with or tangent to the surface. If the surface is
loose powder, some relief will occur when one side compacts more
than the other and the foot is allowed to sit at a more comfortable
angle with the body. However, if the snow surface is crusted over
with ice or is packed with more dense snow, a conventional snowshoe
can be very uncomfortable if a transverse path up or down a steep
incline is taken. Many times it is natural to work one's way up or
down a steep incline by walking back and forth and cutting one's
way up or down the incline. This technique reduces the effort of
each step and allows one to avoid obstacles by going around them. A
conventional snowshoe can force one to go straight up or down a
steep incline. This can lead to fatigue and danger if the incline
is so steep that is unsafe. Therefore, what is needed are new
designs for snowshoes and skis that fulfill the functions described
above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] In a first embodiment, a multipurpose braking snowshoe/ski,
or "brake ski," consists of a pair of short, ski-shaped devices
that are attached to boots, shoes, or other footwear of the user
and have elevated "wings" for providing additional surface area for
buoyancy and control. The bottom of the multipurpose snowshoe/ski
includes an interchangeable, hinged foot plate, also referred to as
a binding plate, that may have a smooth bottom surface for
functioning as a ski, or a corrugated bottom surface for
functioning as a snowshoe. When the hinged foot plate is configured
as a ski, it functions as a brake, enabling the user to lean back,
extending and depressing the heel of the plate into the snow,
giving additional friction, thus slowing the ski. This action will
act to slow the user if even weight is applied to both skis, or to
turn the user if more pressure is applied to one ski relative to
the other.
[0009] The interchangeable foot plate is attached with a pivot pin
that extends through the body of the multipurpose snowshoe/ski,
through the foot plate, and into the multipurpose snowshoe/ski body
on the other side. There may be several pivot pin positions,
allowing the user to set the degree to which the heel of the plate
descends into the snow, controlling the amount of friction and
braking applied. A top surface of the foot plate is customizable so
that an appropriate binding can be attached, allowing the user to
select one of the many types of boots and bindings available.
[0010] It will be recognized that the natural position for a skier
to go the fastest downhill is to lean forward. When the skier is
leaning forward, the multipurpose snowshoe/ski performs like a
normal ski and generates no additional drag or braking force. In
contrast, the natural reaction for a skier who encounters the need
to slow down suddenly is to lean back. This natural reaction will
cause the brake to engage. The harder the skier leans back, the
stronger the brake force will be.
[0011] The first embodiment addresses three distinct considerations
in the field of snowshoe and ski equipment. First, it is a
combination snowshoe and ski, allowing the user to easily and
quickly change the surface in contact with the snow or ice from
"sliding" (ski) to "gripping" (snowshoe). Second, it is of a shape
and length appropriate both to ski and snowshoe such that the user
can traverse terrain (specifically, narrow downhill and uphill
passages) not easily maneuvered by traditional skis or snowshoes.
And third, it has an automatic braking system that provides
additional safety in preventing anterior cruciate ligament
injuries. The embodiment can be easily converted from ski to
snowshoe and from snowshoe to ski by simply interchanging the foot
plate comprising the bottom surface of the invention. This allows
the user the maximum flexibility in choosing his or her route over
a variety of uphill and downhill terrain. The process takes only a
few moments to remove the current plate and installing the new
plate.
[0012] In a second embodiment, a fully articulating snowshoe has a
gently tapered or wedged body across its width and away from the
center. This allows the snowshoe to easily roll back and forth up
to 30 degrees or so, allowing the foot to take on a more natural
posture while still engaging a transverse lie on a slope. A crampon
plate that attaches to the foot is fully articulating such that the
foot has a full range of motion to pitch forward or aft and engage
teeth under either the toe or the heel into the surface. Side teeth
provide firm engagement so that the snowshoe will not slip on
transverse surfaces.
[0013] In a third embodiment, a convertible ski shoe combines all
the benefits of the first and second embodiments into a single
design. The convertible ski shoe is a versatile device that enables
a person to travel at the most efficient rate across a wide range
of winter landscape. The convertible ski shoe can be quickly
transformed from a fast downhill ski into an all terrain snowshoe
in seconds. To do so, a user reaches down and partially pulls out
two quick release pins on either side of the ski shoe. A binding
plate stays attached to the foot while a convertible plug is
flipped over. The foot is then reversed in direction and the ski is
transformed into a snowshoe. The quick release pins are pushed back
into place to lock the binding plate in the new position. The
convertible ski shoe has a ski front end and a snowshoe front end
combined into the same body. In snowshoe mode, most of the body
length is portioned behind the foot. This insures that the back of
the shoe falls and drags against the ground so that the front of
the body is lifted up to make it easier to step forward into soft
snow. In ski mode, the front of the body extends out further than
the back. This configuration is thus optimized for control while
skiing.
[0014] In ski mode, the convertible plug can be set to provide some
controlled degree of forward rotation before hitting the stop. This
can be used for an optional glide mode where the heel is released
similar to cross-country skis. The toe is allowed to pivot slightly
forward to enable a grabber feature or shovel to dig in slightly
and give a cross-country skier a toe hold with which to push
off.
[0015] In snowshoe mode, the convertible ski shoe becomes a fully
articulating snowshoe and a user can walk or run up or down steep
slopes at any angle with comfort, while maintaining maximum control
and grip in any slope angle. Moreover, if very tight conditions are
encountered, such as climbing among snow-covered rocks, crampons
can be released and used as separate devices.
[0016] In a fourth embodiment, a dual bridge convertible ski shoe,
also combines all the benefits of the first and second embodiments
into a single design. The dual bridge convertible ski shoe is also
a versatile device that enables a person to travel at the most
efficient rate across a wide range of winter landscape. The dual
bridge convertible ski shoe can be quickly transformed from a fast
downhill ski into an all terrain snowshoe. To accomplish this, a
user reaches down underneath a convertible plug and squeezes
together two binding plate release springs to release two bridges.
Each bridge has two sets of release springs. One bridge is attached
to the forward part of the foot and the other to the aft part of
the foot. The binding plate or bridges stay attached to the foot
while the convertible plug is flipped over. The foot is then
reversed in direction and the ski is transformed into a snowshoe.
The dual bridges stay attached to the foot through binding straps
or similar devices and fit back into slots on either side of the
convertible plug. They snap into place to lock the bridges to the
convertible plug.
[0017] The dual bridge convertible ski shoe has a ski front end and
a snowshoe front end combined into the same body. In snowshoe mode,
most of the body length is portioned behind the foot to insure that
the back of the shoe falls and drags against the ground so that the
front of the body is lifted up to make it easier to step forward
into soft snow. In ski mode, the front of the body extends out
further than the back. This configuration provides optimum control
while skiing.
[0018] In ski mode, the convertible plug could be set to provide
some controlled degree of forward rotation before hitting the stop.
This can be used for an optional glide mode where the heel is
released similar to cross-country skis. The toe is able to pivot
slightly forward to enable a grabber feature or shovel to dig in
slightly and give the cross-country skier a toe hold with which to
push off.
[0019] In snowshoe mode, the dual bridge convertible ski shoe
becomes a fully articulating snowshoe, enabling a user to walk or
run up or down steep slopes at any angle with comfort. The user
maintains maximum control and grip in any slope angle. Moreover, if
very tight conditions are encountered such as climbing among snow
covered rocks, the crampons can be released and used as separate
devices.
[0020] In a fifth embodiment, a smooth bottom convertible ski shoe
combines all the benefits of the first, second, and third
embodiments into a single design. The smooth bottom convertible ski
shoe is a versatile device that enables a person to travel at the
most efficient rate across a wide range of winter landscape. The
smooth bottom convertible ski shoe can be quickly transformed from
a fast downhill ski into an all terrain snowshoe in seconds. To
accomplish this transformation, a user reaches down and releases
binding plate locks. A binding plate assembly stays attached to the
binding and foot as the foot is lifted up. A convertible plug is
attached to the body of the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe by
means of two coaxial pivot pin assemblies. The convertible plug
assembly is then flipped over or converted. The foot is then
reversed in direction and reinserted into the opposite side or
snowshoe side of the convertible plug assembly and the ski is
transformed into a snowshoe. The binding plate locks are then
secured.
[0021] Any number of different kinds of standard bindings can be
attached to a deck of the binding plate. The preferred type of
binding would a standard snowboard type, such as the K-2 Clicker
step in standard or high back system, although any number of Burton
binding systems, telemark, cross-country, short ski, such as
Solomon Snow Blade or ski shoe, bindings, or crampons such as Atlas
Mountain Tracker could also be adapted and mounted. The snowboard
bindings would be adapted for use with the foot mounted fore and
aft like a standard ski instead of transverse as on a snow board.
The more compliant boots used for snow boarding would offer a good
balance between flexibility and rigidity for control. The snow
board bindings can be adjusted to allow the optimum foot angle for
pigeon-toed or bow-legged people to align their ski shoes straight.
The cross-country and snowshoe bindings would be more difficult to
control because of their lack of foot restraint. The short ski
bindings are designed for use with regular ski boots, which are
very rigid for comfortable walking. Other types of bindings,
including various strap arrangements can be mounted a number of
ways through strap binding holes not detailed.
[0022] A technical advantage achieved with the first embodiment is
that, while conventional skis are difficult to maneuver down steep
narrow trails., the multipurpose snowshoe/ski, when in the ski
configuration, is a short ski, appropriate to these types of
terrain.
[0023] Another technical advantage achieved with the first
embodiment is that, while conventional skis are difficult to
maneuver up steep narrow trails, the multipurpose snowshoe/ski can
be easily converted to a snowshoe to be used in these
circumstances.
[0024] Yet another technical advantage achieved with the first
embodiment is that it takes advantage of the natural inclination of
a skier to lean back when he wants to slow down by causing such an
action to trigger the braking mechanism of the embodiment, slowing
the skier and allowing him to regain his balance.
[0025] Yet another technical advantage achieved with the first
embodiment is that it provides a more versatile skiing platform to
improve the safety, flexibility, performance, and cost over
conventional ski art.
[0026] A technical advantage achieved with the second embodiment is
that, while conventional snowshoes allow the toe to rotate forward
and dig in for forward traction, but the heel motion is restricted,
the fully articulating snowshoe allows the foot go where it wants
to naturally go, independent of the surface orientation.
[0027] Another technical advantage of the second embodiment is that
it provides more flexibility to traverse a variety of surfaces in a
wide range of conditions and provides more comfort to the user with
less fatigue and chance of injury.
[0028] Yet another technical advantage of the second embodiment is
that the crampon foot piece is also removable so that the user can
go places where a snowshoe body would get in the way without a lot
of extra equipment for traction.
[0029] A technical advantage achieved with the third embodiment is
that it enables skiing in light powder because the body has enough
lift surface area to keep a skier floating up.
[0030] A further technical advantage achieved with the third
embodiment is that it is small, light, inexpensive and compact and
facilitates skiing with speed and confidence while improving
safety, even when skiing down tight narrow trails or glade runs
between trees, because the brake can be used for control and
steering without cutting.
[0031] Yet another technical advantage achieved with the third
embodiment is that it is easier to learn because of the easy
instant and automatic reflex control and braking design.
[0032] A technical advantage of the fourth embodiment is that it
enables skiing in light powder because the body has enough lift
surface area to keep a skier buoyed up.
[0033] Another technical advantage of the fourth embodiment is that
it is small, light, and inexpensive and facilitates skiing with
speed and confidence while improving safety when skiing down tight
narrow trails or glade runs between trees, because the brake can be
used for control and steering without cutting.
[0034] Yet another technical advantage of the fourth embodiment is
that it is easier to learn because of the easy instant and
automatic reflex control and braking design. A technical advantage
achieved with the fifth embodiment is that the smooth bottom
convertible ski shoe is quickly transformed from a fast down hill
ski into an all terrain snowshoe in seconds.
[0035] Another technical advantage achieved with the fifth
embodiment is that any number of different types of bindings and
boots can be used therewith.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of the first
embodiment.
[0037] FIG. 1A is another top perspective of the first
embodiment.
[0038] FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the first
embodiment.
[0039] FIG. 2A is another bottom perspective view of the first
embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the first embodiment
with the brake removed.
[0041] FIG. 3A is another top perspective view of the first
embodiment with the brake removed.
[0042] FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the first embodiment
with the brake removed.
[0043] FIG. 4A is another bottom perspective view of the first
embodiment with the brake removed.
[0044] FIG. 5 is a top perspective view of a brake ski cover of the
first embodiment.
[0045] FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective view of a binding attachment
plate, or brake, of the first embodiment.
[0046] FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of the binding attachment
plate of FIG. 6.
[0047] FIG. 8 is another perspective view of the binding attachment
plate of FIG. 6.
[0048] FIG. 9 is yet another perspective view of the binding
attachment plate of FIG. 6.
[0049] FIG. 10A is a top plan view of the first embodiment.
[0050] FIG. 10B is a side plan view of the first embodiment.
[0051] FIG. 10C is a bottom plan view of the first embodiment.
[0052] FIG. 11A is a sectional view of the first embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 10A along the line A-A.
[0053] FIG. 11B is a sectional view of the first embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 10B along the line B-B.
[0054] FIG. 11C is a front plan view of the first embodiment.
[0055] FIG. 11D is a rear plan view of the first embodiment.
[0056] FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of the second
embodiment.
[0057] FIG. 13 is a bottom perspective view of the second
embodiment.
[0058] FIG. 13A is another bottom perspective view of the second
embodiment.
[0059] FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of the second embodiment
with the crampon removed.
[0060] FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of the second
embodiment with the crampon removed.
[0061] FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a crampon plate of the
second embodiment.
[0062] FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of the crampon plate of
the second embodiment.
[0063] FIG. 18A is a top plan view of the second embodiment.
[0064] FIG. 18B is a side plan view of the second embodiment.
[0065] FIG. 18C is a rear plan view of the second embodiment.
[0066] FIG. 18D is a front plan view of the second embodiment.
[0067] FIG. 19A is a sectional view of the second embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 18A along the line A-A.
[0068] FIG. 19B is a sectional view of the second embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 18B along the line C-C.
[0069] FIG. 19C is a front plan view of the second embodiment.
[0070] FIG. 20 is a top perspective view of the third embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0071] FIG. 21 is a bottom perspective view of the third embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0072] FIG. 21A is another bottom perspective view of the third
embodiment configured as a ski.
[0073] FIG. 22 is a top perspective view of the third embodiment
configured as a snowshoe.
[0074] FIG. 23 is a bottom perspective view of the third embodiment
configured as a snowshoe illustrating a convertible plug.
[0075] FIG. 23A is another bottom perspective view of the third
embodiment configured as a snowshoe illustrating a convertible
plug.
[0076] FIG. 24 is a top perspective view of the third embodiment
with the convertible plug removed.
[0077] FIG. 25 is a bottom perspective view of the third embodiment
with the plug removed.
[0078] FIG. 26 is a top perspective of a binding attachment plate
of the third embodiment including the convertible plug.
[0079] FIG. 27 is a bottom perspective view of the binding
attachment plate of the third embodiment.
[0080] FIG. 28 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of the
convertible plug shown in FIG. 26.
[0081] FIG. 29 is another bottom perspective view of a portion of
the convertible plug shown in FIG. 26.
[0082] FIG. 30 illustrates a pivot pin of the third embodiment.
[0083] FIG. 31A is a top plan view of the third embodiment.
[0084] FIG. 31B is a side plan view of the third embodiment.
[0085] FIG. 31C is a rear plan view of the third embodiment.
[0086] FIG. 31D is a front plan view of the third embodiment.
[0087] FIG. 32A is a sectional view of the third embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 31A along the line A-A.
[0088] FIG. 32B is a sectional view of the third embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 31B along the line B-B.
[0089] FIG. 32C is a front plan view of the third embodiment.
[0090] FIG. 32D is a rear plan view of the third embodiment.
[0091] FIG. 33 is a top perspective view of the fourth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0092] FIG. 34 is a bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment configured as a ski.
[0093] FIG. 34A is another bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment configured as a ski.
[0094] FIG. 35 is top perspective view of the fourth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe.
[0095] FIG. 36 is a bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment configured as a snowshoe illustrating a plug and bridge
thereof.
[0096] FIG. 36A is another bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment configured as a snowshoe illustrating a plug and bridge
thereof.
[0097] FIG. 37 is a top perspective view of the fourth embodiment
with the plug and bridge removed.
[0098] FIG. 37A is another top perspective view of the fourth
embodiment with the plug and bridge removed.
[0099] FIG. 38 is a bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment with the plug and bridge removed.
[0100] FIG. 38A is another bottom perspective view of the fourth
embodiment with the plug and bridge removed.
[0101] FIG. 38B is yet another bottom perspective view of the
fourth embodiment with the plug and bridge removed.
[0102] FIG. 39 is a top perspective view of a binding attachment
plate, or bridge, section of the fourth embodiment.
[0103] FIG. 39A is another top perspective view of a binding
attachment plate, or bridge, section of the fourth embodiment.
[0104] FIG. 40 is a bottom perspective view of a binding attachment
plate, or bridge, section of the fourth embodiment.
[0105] FIG. 40A is another bottom perspective view of a binding
attachment plate, or bridge, section of the fourth embodiment.
[0106] FIG. 41 is a top perspective view of a convertible plug
section of the fourth embodiment.
[0107] FIG. 41A is another top perspective view of a convertible
plug section of the fourth embodiment.
[0108] FIG. 42 is bottom perspective view of a convertible plug
section of the fourth embodiment.
[0109] FIG. 42A is another bottom perspective view of a convertible
plug section of the fourth embodiment.
[0110] FIG. 43 illustrates a pivot pin of the fourth
embodiment.
[0111] FIG. 43A is another illustration of the pivot pin of the
fourth embodiment.
[0112] FIG. 44A is a top plan view of the fourth embodiment.
[0113] FIG. 44B is a side plan view of the fourth embodiment.
[0114] FIG. 44C is a bottom plan view of the fourth embodiment.
[0115] FIG. 45A is a sectional view of the fourth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 44B along the line A-A.
[0116] FIG. 45B is a sectional view of the fourth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 44A along the line B-B.
[0117] FIG. 45C is a front plan view of the fourth embodiment.
[0118] FIG. 45D is a rear plan view of the fourth embodiment.
[0119] FIG. 46 is a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0120] FIG. 46A is another top perspective view of the fifth
embodiment configured as a ski.
[0121] FIG. 47 is a bottom perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0122] FIG. 47A is another bottom perspective view of the fifth
embodiment configured as a ski.
[0123] FIG. 48 is a side perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0124] FIG. 49 is an exploded view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0125] FIG. 49A is another exploded view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0126] FIG. 49B is another exploded view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0127] FIG. 49C is another exploded view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0128] FIG. 50A is a top plan view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0129] FIG. 50B is a side plan view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0130] FIG. 50C is a bottom plan view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0131] FIG. 50D is a front plan view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0132] FIG. 50E is a rear plan view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a ski.
[0133] FIG. 51 is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 50A along the line 51-51.
[0134] FIG. 52 is a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe.
[0135] FIG. 53 is a bottom perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe.
[0136] FIG. 53A is another bottom perspective view of the fifth
embodiment configured as a snowshoe.
[0137] FIG. 54A is a side perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe illustrating no rotation of a convertible
plug thereof.
[0138] FIG. 54B is a side perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe illustrating maximum rotation of a
convertible plug thereof.
[0139] FIGS. 55A and 55B respectively illustrate side perspective
views of the fifth embodiment configured as a snowshoe in climbing
mode and descending mode.
[0140] FIG. 56 is a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment
configured as a snowshoe illustrating a maximum heel down mode.
[0141] FIG. 57 is a top perspective view of the fifth embodiment in
glide mode illustrating no rotation of the convertible plug
thereof.
[0142] FIGS. 58A and 58B respectively illustrate side perspective
views of the fifth embodiment in glide mode illustrating zero and
maximum rotation of the convertible plug.
[0143] FIG. 59 is a top perspective view of a body portion of the
fifth embodiment.
[0144] FIG. 59A is another top perspective view of a body portion
of the fifth embodiment.
[0145] FIG. 60 is a bottom perspective view of the body portion of
the fifth embodiment.
[0146] FIG. 61A is a top plan view of a body assembly of the fifth
embodiment.
[0147] FIG. 61B is a side plan view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment.
[0148] FIG. 61C is a bottom plan view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment.
[0149] FIG. 61D is a front plan view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment.
[0150] FIG. 61E is a rear plan view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment.
[0151] FIG. 62A is a sectional view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 61A along the line B-B.
[0152] FIG. 62B is a sectional view of the body assembly of the
fifth embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 61B along the line A-A.
[0153] FIGS. 63A-63C are various sectional views of the body
assembly of the fifth embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 61A along
lines C-C, D-D, and E-E, respectively.
[0154] FIGS. 64A-64J illustrates various sectional views of the
body assembly of the fifth embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 61B
along lines F-F, G-G, H-H, I-I, J-J, K-K, L-L, and M-M,
respectively.
[0155] FIGS. 65A-65B illustrates a plug rotation limiter clip of
the fifth embodiment.
[0156] FIG. 66 is a top perspective view of a binding attachment
plate assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0157] FIG. 67 is a bottom perspective view of the binding
attachment plate assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0158] FIG. 68 is an exploded view of the binding attachment plate
assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0159] FIGS. 69A-69F respectively illustrate top, side, bottom,
left, and right end plan views of a convertible plug assembly of
the fifth embodiment.
[0160] FIGS. 70A-70E respectively illustrate sectional views of the
convertible plug assembly of the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG.
69A along the lines A-A, B-B, C-C, D-D, and E-E.
[0161] FIGS. 71A-71D respectively illustrate sectional views of the
convertible plug assembly of the fifth embodiment as shown in FIG.
69B along the lines O-O, F-F, and L-L.
[0162] FIGS. 72A-72C illustrate various detailed views of a lock
plug of the fifth embodiment.
[0163] FIGS. 73A-73C illustrate various detailed views of a pivot
pin doubler of the fifth embodiment.
[0164] FIGS. 74 and 75 are top perspective views of a convertible
plug assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0165] FIG. 76 is a bottom perspective view of the convertible plug
assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0166] FIGS. 77A-77C illustrate various views of a pivot pin
assembly of the fifth embodiment.
[0167] FIG. 78 is an isometric view of the pivot pin assembly of
the fifth embodiment.
[0168] FIGS. 79A-79B illustrate various views of a plug rotation
limiter pin of the fifth embodiment.
[0169] FIG. 80A is a bottom perspective view of the fifth
embodiment.
[0170] FIG. 80B is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80A along the line E-E.
[0171] FIG. 80C is a top perspective view of the fifth
embodiment.
[0172] FIG. 80D illustrates the detail from FIG. 80B of the fifth
embodiment.
[0173] FIG. 80E illustrates the detail from FIG. 80C of the fifth
embodiment.
[0174] FIG. 81A is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line F-F.
[0175] FIG. 81B is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line E-E.
[0176] FIG. 82A is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line A-A.
[0177] FIG. 82B illustrates the detail from FIG. 82A of the fifth
embodiment.
[0178] FIG. 82C illustrates another view of a convertible plug of
the fifth embodiment.
[0179] FIG. 83A is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line A-A.
[0180] FIG. 83B is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line H-H.
[0181] FIG. 83C is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line I-I.
[0182] FIG. 83D is a sectional view of the fifth embodiment as
illustrated in FIG. 80B along the line J-J.
[0183] FIG. 84A is a top perspective view of the clip of the fifth
embodiment.
[0184] FIG. 84B is a side perspective view of the clip of the fifth
embodiment.
[0185] FIG. 84C is another side perspective view of the clip of the
fifth embodiment.
[0186] FIG. 84D illustrates details from FIG. 84A of the fifth
embodiment.
[0187] FIG. 84E illustrates details from FIG. 84D of the fifth
embodiment.
[0188] FIG. 84F illustrates details from FIG. 84C of the fifth
embodiment.
[0189] FIG. 84G illustrates details from FIG. 84D of the fifth
embodiment.
[0190] FIGS. 85A-85E illustrate different views of element 596F in
FIG. 80D of the fifth embodiment.
[0191] FIGS. 86A-86E illustrate different views of element 597A in
FIG. 80D of the fifth embodiment.
[0192] FIGS. 87A-87E illustrate different views of element 598A in
FIG. 80D of the fifth embodiment.
[0193] FIG. 88 illustrates various views of a convertible plug of
the fifth embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0194] The present invention can be described with several examples
given below. It is understood, however, that the examples below are
not necessarily limitations to the present invention, but are used
to describe typical embodiments of operation.
[0195] First Embodiment--Brake Ski
[0196] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a brake ski 10 of the
first embodiment of the present invention, which is adapted for
wearing on either the right foot or left foot. It is to be
understood that brake ski 10 is but one of a pair of the brake skis
of the first embodiment, the other of that same pair being an
appropriate mirror image of the brake ski 10.
[0197] Referring now to FIGS. 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, and 3A, it can be
seen that the brake ski 10 includes a body 11 that, while unitary
in construction, may be thought of as being comprised of five
portions, including a center portion 11a, a forward portion 11b, an
aft portion 11c, a nose portion 11d, and a tail portion 11e. As
best seen in FIG. 3, the center portion 11a extends along the
cutout region. Outer beams 12 are contained in the narrow center
portion 11a around a brake aperture 14. The outer beams 12 are
proportioned to transition bending, shear, and twist loads from the
forward portion 11b, a constant section forward of the brake
aperture, to the aft portion 11c, a constant section aft of the
brake aperture. As best shown in FIG. 3, the nose portion 11d forms
the transition to a forwardmost point 16, and is curved upward
similar to existing ski designs. The nose portion 11d insures that
the body 11 stays on top of the snow surface and rides smoothly
over small obstacles or choppy ice and snow. The tail portion 11e,
forms the transition to a rearwardmost point 18. Although the tail
portion 11e, as shown in FIG. 3, is very similar to the nose
portion 11e, it could be truncated without an upward arch. The
shape of the various portions can be changed and styled in various
ways without changing or sacrificing the basic function of the
brake ski 10.
[0198] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 4A, a primary snow contact
surface 20 of the brake ski body 11 makes contact with a surface
over which a wearer is traversing. In soft snow or powder, a
secondary snow contact surface, or "wings," 24 will also make
contact with the snow surface. The overall brake ski body 11 can be
proportioned/sized to have sufficient area to keep skiers of
various weights floating up in soft snow or deep powder. The
combination of primary 20 and secondary snow contact surfaces 24
will allow a short ski design, as depicted in FIG. 1, to act
similarly to a long ski. Current narrow short ski designs are not
functional in deep powder conditions because of a lack of
sufficient lift.
[0199] Referring now to FIGS. 6-9, 10A-10C, and 11A-11D, as best
illustrated in FIGS. 11A-11D, the brake ski body 11 is connected to
the binding attachment plate or brake 26 with a pivot pin 28.
Rolling motion is imparted by the foot through the pivot pin 28 and
into the brake ski body 11. This rolling motion causes either of
two inner edges 30 (FIG. 4) to dig into the snow for directional
control similar to existing short or long ski designs. A roll angle
is sufficient to allow this rolling motion to occur without
interference from the wings 24. In case of extreme rolling due to a
fall or extreme slopes, an outside edge 34 can cause the inner edge
30 to lift off the snow surface. The inner edges 30 are simply
sharp corners of the parent material of the brake ski body 11.
Molded in metal inserts could be used to improve the cutting action
of the edges if more control is desired especially on ice. However,
if extreme roll conditions are experienced and the outside edges
cause the inner edges to pry off of the surface, a loss of control
could result. If the two edges are similar in construction and
geometry, then they will both perform similarly, and a surprise
loss of control will not be experienced. Therefore, it is
recommended that both inner 30 and outer edges 34 have inserts or
have similar geometry and material. The outer edges 34 as depicted
are not optimum and have a large gentle radius and an edge that is
not straight and parallel to the inner edges 30.
[0200] The brake ski body 11 can be constructed a number of ways,
the preferred one being a two piece hollow design comprising an
upper and lower shell preferably constructed from a reinforced
injection molded plastic. Injection molded parts minimize the touch
labor required to set up each part. The reinforcement is preferably
a longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness, and damage
tolerance at minimal weight. The two halves preferably have a snap
fit design where plastic snap elements permanently lock the two
halves together. Once the two halves lock together, they act as an
integral closed cell box. Using shear bosses would insure that the
two halves would act as a single torque box. This manufacturing
method would also be consistent with the other parts. Local
stiffeners and internal ribs may be used to internally stiffen the
skins of the shells. Local areas of higher stress could be
strengthened by an increase in thickness. An alternate method to
assemble the halves would be to secure them together with fasteners
or screws spaced periodically around the perimeter.
[0201] The body 11 could also alternately be constructed as
described above, except the snap feature(s) could be replaced with
a bond or welding. The body 11 could also alternately be
constructed as a one piece foam filled or hollow part having a skin
material, such as epoxy-bonded fiberglass, carbon or a metallic
material, such as aluminum, disposed thereover. The skin material
could form a bonded assembly with an internal foam core and could
be a wet lay up over a foam core to save weight. An alternate means
of manufacture would involve some form of resin transfer molding or
vacuum assist resin transfer molding of resin into a closed cavity
mold with dry preform broad goods over an internal mandrel. A
hollow design could also be produced using a rotomolding
process.
[0202] As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, a toe surface 37 of the
brake ski body 11 is shaped to interfere and contact with a
corresponding toe surface 38 on the brake 26. This contact will
prevent a toe portion 26b of the brake 26 from digging into the
snow surface as the skier leans forward and will prevent a sudden
deceleration or loss of control. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 9, a heel
surface 40 of the brake ski body 11 is designed not to interfere
with a corresponding heel surface 42 of the brake 26. If the heel
surfaces 40 and 42 are radiused with the center at a pivot axis, a
tight fit will insure that the gap is minimized and foreign objects
can not easily get wedged or trapped.
[0203] As shown in FIGS. 3, 8, and 11A-11D, the brake 26 is
attached to the brake ski body 11 by means of a pivot pin 28. The
pivot pin 28 is mounted along a transverse "Y" axis through pivot
holes 46 in each of the two outer beams 12 of the brake ski body 11
and corresponding pivot holes 48 contained in the brake 26. A pin
height is set to keep the pivot pin 28 clear of the rolling
clearance and up into the wings 24 without any additional lugs or
other features. The pivot pin 28 is shown as comprising a single
piece with a head formed at installation on the shank. The type and
details for the pivot pin could vary considerably. The pivot pin 28
could be fixed as shown or removable. The brake 26 is free to
rotate about the pivot axis 44. Although the pivot axis is
illustrated as being roughly at the middle of the brake 26, the
axis could be shifted either forward or aft to make the braking
action stronger or weaker.
[0204] Referring now to FIGS. 6-8, it can be seen that the binding
attachment plate or brake 26, while unitary in construction, may be
thought of as being comprised of three portions, including, a
center portion 26a, the toe portion 26b, and a heel portion 26c. As
best shown in FIG. 9, the center portion 26a extends along the
constant section region. The toe portion extends the tangency to a
toe surface 56, and the heel portion 26b extends from the opposite
tangency to the heel surface 58. In operation, when a skier wants
to slow down or stop, weight is simply shifted to the heel portion
26b of the brake. The heel portion 26b then will push down into the
surface of the snow and cause the snow to displace downward and to
the side. The energy required to displace the snow will cause the
skier to slow down and finally stop.
[0205] As shown in FIGS. 6-9, the brake 26 also has a primary snow
contact surface 60 that makes contact with the surface over which
the wearer is traversing. In soft snow or powder, a secondary snow
contact surface, or "wings," 62 will also make contact with the
snow surface as described for the brake ski body 11 above. When a
skier wants to ski without braking action or restraint, weight is
shifted forward, and the brake 26 rotates into a position in which
the primary and secondary snow contact surfaces 60, 62 of the brake
align themselves with the primary and secondary surfaces snow
contact surfaces 20, 24, of the body 11. In this position, the
brake ski 10 offers very little resistance to sliding. The width of
the brake 26 depicted here as narrower than the foot. There is no
need to make the brake 26 wider than the foot since only a small
engagement of the heel portion 26c will allow sufficient braking
force. This should reduce the overall size and width of the brake
ski 10.
[0206] Referring to FIG. 8, the brake 26 can be constructed a
number of ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection
molding made from a reinforced plastic, as injection molded parts
minimize the touch labor required to set up each part. The
reinforcement material could be a longer fiber variety for maximum
strength, stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal weight. Local
stiffeners and ribs 64 would be used to stiffen the skins of an
outer shell 66. The ribs 64 form a crisscrossed diagonal pattern to
maximize the torsional stiffness along the longitudinal "X" axis of
the brake. Binding attach bosses 68 are located to provide a built
up area in which to mount a standard ski binding, a cross-country
or telemarking binding. These bindings would be attached with
fasteners at binding attachment holes 70 disposed through an outer
flange 71.
[0207] To prevent moisture from accumulating in the cavities of the
brake 26 and adding unnecessary weight to the device, an optional
cover 72, as illustrated in FIGS. 5, 11A, and 11B, can be
sandwiched between the binding and the brake to seal off the inner
cavities of the brake. The cover 72 has an edge 72a that matches
the brake 26 and holes 72b that corresponded to the binding attach
holes 70. Alternately, a stiff closed foam insert material (not
shown) could be molded or cut to fit snugly into the open cavities
between the ribs and the shell of the brake to provide a light
weight inexpensive seal. The foam insert could be glued in place to
keep it secure.
[0208] In an alternate brake ski arrangement, the brake 26 spans a
traditionally-shaped center ski portion. The brake surface is
divided up into two surfaces on each side of the center ski portion
and there is a bridge like structure that spans the center ski
portion and joins together the two brake surfaces. A pivot pin
connects the center portion to the brake to allow it to rotate
backwards for braking. A stop prevents excessive forward rotation.
The binding is attached to the bridge portion of the brake
[0209] Second Embodiment--Fully Articulating Snowshoe
[0210] FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a fully articulating
snowshoe 200 of the second embodiment of the present invention,
which is adapted for wearing on either the right foot or left foot.
It is to be understood that the fully articulating snowshoe 200 is
but one of a pair of the fully articulating snowshoes of the second
embodiment, the other of that same pair being an appropriate mirror
image of fully articulating snowshoe 200.
[0211] Referring now to FIGS. 13, 13A, 14, and 15, as best shown in
FIG. 14, it can be seen that a body 202 of the fully articulating
snowshoe 200, while unitary in construction, may be thought of as
being comprised of five portions, including, a center portion 202a,
a forward portion 202b, an aft portion 202c, a nose portion 202d,
and a tail portion 202e. The center portion 202a extends along a
cutout region. Outer beams 204 are contained in the narrow center
portion 202a around a crampon aperture 206. The outer beams 204 are
proportioned to transition the bending, shear and twist loads from
the forward portion 202b that extends along the essentially
constant region as shown in FIG. 15, to the aft portion 202c, that
extends along the essentially constant region also shown in FIG.
15. The nose portion 202d, which that forms the transition to a
forwardmost snowshoe point 208, is curved upward as best-shown in
FIG. 14 and is styled with an optional bear claw arch 210 pattern.
The tail portion 202e, which transitions as shown in FIG. 14 to a
rearwardmost point 212, is curved upward. The shape of the various
portions can be changed and styled in various ways without changing
or sacrificing the basic function of the fully articulating
snowshoe 200.
[0212] As shown in FIG. 15, a primary snow contact surface 214 of
the body 202 makes contact with a surface over which the wearer is
traversing. In soft snow or powder, a secondary snow contact
surface or "wings" 218 will also make contact with the traversal
surface. The overall body 202 can be proportioned to have
sufficient area to prevent sinking in snowshoe mode. Since the
secondary snow contact surface 218 is offset from the primary snow
contact surface 214, both surfaces can be nearly flat and parallel
with respect to the ground plane while allowing the fully
articulating snowshoe to freely roll form side to side. In snowshoe
mode, the primary snow contact surface 214 will sink into soft snow
first. The secondary snow contact surface 218 will provide enough
extra support to keep the user from sinking. The secondary snow
contact surface 218 is almost parallel with the ground and will not
tend to wedge into the snow as a result.
[0213] Referring now to FIGS. 16, 17, 18A-18D, and 19A-19C, the
body 202 is connected to a binding attachment plate, or "crampon
plate," 224 with a pivot pin 226. Rolling motion is imparted by the
foot through the pivot pin 226 and into the body 202. A roll angle
is sufficient to allow this rolling motion to occur without
interference from the wings 218.
[0214] The body 202 can be constructed a number of ways, the
preferred one being a two piece hollow design comprising an upper
and lower shell preferably constructed from a reinforced injection
molded plastic. Injection molded parts minimize the touch labor
required to set up each part. The reinforcement is preferably a
longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness, and damage
tolerance at minimal weight. The two halves preferably have a snap
fit design where plastic snap elements permanently lock the two
halves together. Once the two halves lock together, they act as an
integral closed cell box. Using shear bosses would insure that the
two halves would act as a single torque box. This manufacturing
method would also be consistent with the other parts. Local
stiffeners and internal ribs may be used to internally stiffen the
skins of the shells. Local areas of higher stress could be
strengthened by an increase in thickness. An alternate method to
assemble the halves would be to secure them together with fasteners
or screws spaced periodically around the perimeter.
[0215] The body 202 could also alternately be constructed as
described above, except the snap feature(s) could be replaced with
a bond or welding. The body 202 could also alternately be
constructed as a one piece foam filled or hollow part having a skin
material, such as epoxy-bonded fiberglass, carbon or a metallic
material, such as aluminum, disposed thereover. The skin material
could form a bonded assembly with an internal foam core and could
be a wet lay up over a foam core to save weight. An alternate means
of manufacture would involve some form of resin transfer molding or
vacuum assist resin transfer molding of resin into a closed cavity
mold with dry preform broad goods over an internal mandrel. A
hollow design could also be produced using a rotomolding
process.
[0216] As best shown in FIGS. 14, 16, and 17. a toe surface 230 and
a heel surface 232 of the fully articulating snowshoe body 202 are
shaped so as not to interfere and contact with corresponding end
surfaces 234 on the crampon plate 224. This will ensure
unrestrained fully articulating toe and heel engagement in snowshoe
mode. The toe surface 230 and the heel surface 232 of the body 202
and the corresponding end surfaces 234 of a convertible plug are
radiused with the center at a pivot axis, a tight fit will insure
that the gap is minimized and foreign objects can not easily get
wedged or trapped.
[0217] As best shown in FIGS. 18A-18D and 19A-19C, the crampon
plate 224 is attached to the body 202 by means of one pivot pin
226. As shown in FIG. 17, the pivot pin 226 is protected from
damage by capturing it internally inside a pivot hole rib 240. The
pivot hole 242 is located inside the pivot hole rib 240 that has
been widened to accept it. The crampon plate 224 is free to rotate
about the pivot axis. The pin height is set to keep the pivot pin
226 clear of the ground plane when the body 202 is rolled to either
side for walking transverse along inclines in snowshoe mode. As
best shown in FIGS. 15-17, the pivot pin 226 is mounted along a
transverse "Y" axis through pivot holes 246 in each of the two
outer beams 204 of the body 202 and corresponding pivot holes 242
in the crampon plate 224. The pivot pin 226 engages through lugs
250 that hang down from the outer beams 204 of the body 202.
[0218] The pivot pin 226 is detailed as a quick release pin,
although many other types of shear pins would work in this
application. A simple pivot pin similar to the one shown for the
brake ski 10 would work. Or a simple spring clip (not shown) could
be slipped through a small hole transverse to the longitudinal axis
of the pivot pin or a self locking wing nut could be used to make a
simple releasable pin. The pivot axis is located roughly at the
middle of the convertible plug. A single removable pivot pin could
be placed in any number of multiple pivot hole positions (not
shown), located forward and aft of each other along the
longitudinal axis of the ski shoe, to customize the braking or
gripping response. This optional design where there are multiple
positions for a single removable pivot pin that passes through the
entire convertible plug would be the best arrangement for an
initial prototype to investigate overall performance of snowshoe
geometric relationships.
[0219] The configuration of the pivot pin 226 is the same as that
described with reference to FIG. 43A below.
[0220] Referring now to FIGS. 16, 17, and 13A, it can be seen that
the crampon plate 224, while unitary in construction, may be
thought of as comprising three portions, including a center portion
224a, a toe portion 224b, and a heel portion 224c. As best seen in
FIG. 14, the center portion 224a extends along the region of
constant width. The toe and heel portions 224b and 224c extend
along the end transition radius to an end surface 234. In snowshoe
mode, weight is simply shifted to either the toe portion 224b or
heel portion 224c to cause the convertible plug to rotate and
engage teeth 268 for gripping and traction. The width of the
crampon plate 224 is wider than the foot to allow a full range of
motion of the foot.
[0221] The crampon plate 224 can be constructed a number of ways,
the preferred one being a one piece injection molding made from a
reinforced plastic, as injection molded parts minimize the touch
labor required to set up each part. The reinforcement material
could be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness,
and damage tolerance at minimal weight. As shown in FIGS. 16 and
17, longitudinal ribs 270 and lateral ribs 272 can be used to
stiffen skins of a deck 274. Optional binding attach bosses and
binding attach holes are not shown, but could be detailed in the
deck 274 to receive standard snowboard style bindings. The
snowboard style bindings are highly recommended because of their
excellent support of the foot and ankle. Other types of bindings,
including various strap arrangements can be mounted a number of
ways through either forward strap binding holes (not shown). The
deck 274 and outer flange 264 of the binding attachment plate 224
can support any number and arrangements of strap holes or
additional flanges or other features that would be molded into or
would extend above the surface of the deck 274. Various other types
of telemark, cross-country, snowshoe, or Rottefella bindings can be
mounted to standard mounting holes and inserts located on the
surface of the deck 274. An optional non-skid surface 278 feature
is shown on the deck surface to keep the foot from sliding
around.
[0222] The binding attachment plate 224 has an outer flange 264
with teeth 269 formed on the edge. These teeth 268 provide traction
and gripping. Although the teeth 268 are best shown in FIG. 17 as
integral with the rest of the convertible plug material, an
optional metal or other material insert could be used in an
injected molded part to make the teeth edges more durable and
effective. For cost considerations, however, the integral material
approach has merit.
[0223] To prevent snow and ice from accumulating in the cavities of
the underside of the binding attachment plate 224 and adding
unnecessary weight to the device, an optional stiff closed foam
insert material (not shown) could be molded or cut to fit snugly
into the open cavities between the ribs and the shell of the
convertible plug 236 or the binding attachment plate 224 to provide
a lightweight inexpensive seal. The foam insert could be glued in
place to keep it secure. The foam insert would naturally shed ice
buildup. The ice would crack and shed off as the foam deflects and
springs back into original position.
[0224] Third Embodiment--Convertible Ski Shoe
[0225] Referring to FIG. 20, there is shown a convertible ski shoe
300 of the third embodiment of the present invention, which is
adapted for wearing on either the right foot or left foot. It is to
be understood that the convertible ski shoe 300 is but one of a
pair of the convertible ski shoes of the third embodiment, the
other of that same pair being a left/right mirror image of the
convertible ski shoe 300. As will be described, FIGS. 20, 21, and
21A show the convertible ski shoe 300 in a ski mode configuration.
FIGS. 22, 23, and 23A show the convertible ski shoe 300 in snowshoe
mode.
[0226] As best shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, a body 302 of the
convertible ski shoe 300, while unitary in construction, may be
thought of as being comprised of five portions, including a center
portion 302a, a snowshoe mode forward portion 302b, a ski mode
forward portion 302c, the snowshoe mode nose portion 302d, and a
ski mode nose portion 302e. As best seen in FIG. 24, outer beams
304 are contained in the narrow center portion 302a around an
aperture 306. The outer beams 304 are proportioned to transition
the bending, shear and twist loads from the snowshoe mode forward
portion 302c to the ski mode forward portion 302c. The snowshoe
mode nose portion 302d that forms the transition to a forwardmost
snowshoe point 308, is curved upward as best-shown in FIG. 24 and
is styled with an optional bear claw arch 310 pattern. The ski mode
nose portion 302e that transitions as shown in FIG. 24 to a
forwardmost ski point 312, is curved upward and insures that the
body 302 stays on top of the snow surface and rides smoothly over
small obstacles or choppy ice and snow. The shape of the various
portions can be changed and styled in various ways without changing
or sacrificing the basic function of the convertible ski shoe
300.
[0227] The convertible ski shoe 300 has two primary modes of
operation. FIG. 20 shows the convertible ski shoe 300 assembled in
a ski mode. FIG. 22 shows the same parts rearranged and
reconfigured in a snowshoe mode.
[0228] Referring to FIG. 25, a primary snow contact surface 314 of
the body 302 makes contact with a surface over which the wearer is
traversing. In soft snow or powder, a secondary snow contact
surface or "wings" 318 will also make contact with the snow
surface. The overall body 302 can be proportioned to have
sufficient area to keep the device floating up in soft snow or deep
powder while in ski mode or providing sufficient area to prevent
sinking in snowshoe mode. The combination of primary 314 and
secondary snow contact surfaces 318 will allow a short ski design,
as depicted here, to act similarly to a long ski. Current narrow
short ski designs are not functional in deep powder conditions
because of a lack of sufficient lift surface area.
[0229] Since the secondary snow contact surface 318 is offset from
the primary snow contact surface 314, both surfaces can be nearly
flat and parallel with respect to a ground plane 316 while allowing
the convertible ski shoe to freely roll form side to side. In
snowshoe mode, the primary snow contact surface 314 will sink into
soft snow first. The secondary snow contact surface 318 will
provide enough extra support to keep the user from sinking. The
secondary snow contact surface 318 is almost parallel with the
ground and will not tend to wedge into the snow as a result. This
geometry also works to prevent wedging and lifting the skier in ski
mode.
[0230] Referring to FIGS. 20, 22, 28, 29, 31A-31D, and 32A-32D, the
body 302 is connected to a convertible plug 324 with two coaxial
pivot pins 326. The pivot pins 326 also connect a binding
attachment plate 328 to the convertible plug 324. Rolling motion is
imparted by the foot through the pivot pins 326 and into the body
302. This rolling motion causes either of two inner edges 330 to
dig into the snow for directional control similar to existing short
or long ski designs. A roll angle is sufficient to allow this
rolling motion to occur without interference from the wings 318. In
case of extreme rolling due to a fall or extreme slopes, one of two
outside edges 334 can cause the inner edge to lift off the snow
surface. The inner edges 330 are simply sharp corners of the parent
material of the brake ski body 202. Molded in metal inserts could
be used to improve the cutting action of the edges if more control
is desired especially on ice. However, if extreme roll conditions
are experienced and the outside edges cause the inner edges to pry
off of the surface, a loss of control could result. If the two
edges are similar in construction and geometry, then they will both
perform similarly, and a surprise loss of control will not be
experienced. Therefore, it is recommended that both inner 330 and
outer edges 334 have optional inserts or have similar geometry and
material. The outer edges 334 as depicted are not optimum and have
a large gentle radius and an edge that is not straight and parallel
to the inner edges 330.
[0231] The body 302 can be constructed a number of ways, the
preferred one being a two piece hollow design comprising an upper
and lower shell preferably constructed from a reinforced injection
molded plastic. Injection molded parts minimize the touch labor
required to set up each part. The reinforcement is preferably a
longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness, and damage
tolerance at minimal weight. The two halves preferably have a snap
fit design where plastic snap elements permanently lock the two
halves together. Once the two halves lock together, they act as an
integral closed cell box. Using shear bosses would insure that the
two halves would act as a single torque box. This manufacturing
method would also be consistent with the other parts. Local
stiffeners and internal ribs may be used to internally stiffen the
skins of the shells. Local areas of higher stress could be
strengthened by an increase in thickness. An alternate method to
assemble the halves would be to secure them together with fasteners
or screws spaced periodically around the perimeter.
[0232] The body 302 could also alternately be constructed as
described above, except the snap feature(s) could be replaced with
a bond or welding. The body 302 could also alternately be
constructed as a one piece foam filled or hollow part having a skin
material, such as epoxy-bonded fiberglass, carbon or a metallic
material, such as aluminum, disposed thereover. The skin material
could form a bonded assembly with an internal foam core and could
be a wet lay up over a foam core to save weight. An alternate means
of manufacture would involve some form of resin transfer molding or
vacuum assist resin transfer molding of resin into a closed cavity
mold with dry preform broad goods over an internal mandrel. A
hollow design could also be produced using a rotomolding
process.
[0233] Referring to FIGS. 24, 25, 28, and 29, a ski mode toe
surface 336 of the body 302 and a snowshoe mode toe surface 338 are
shaped not to interfere and contact with corresponding end surfaces
340 of the convertible plug 324. A stop located on the convertible
plug 324 will contact the body 202 only in ski mode. This contact
will prevent a toe end portion 324b of the convertible plug 324
from digging into the snow surface as the skier leans forward and
will prevent a sudden deceleration or loss of control. In snowshoe
mode the convertible plug is flipped over and the stop will pass
unrestricted through a stop slot 344 in the body 302. This will
insure unrestrained fully articulating toe and heel engagement in
snowshoe mode. If the ski mode toe surface 336 and the snowshoe
mode toe surface 338 of the body 202 and the with their
corresponding end surfaces 340 of the convertible plug 324 are
radiused with the center at a pivot axis, a tight fit will insure
that the gap is minimized and foreign objects can not easily get
wedged or trapped.
[0234] As illustrated in FIGS. 31A-31D and 32A-32D, the convertible
plug 324 is attached to the body 302 by means of the two coaxial
pivot pins 326. The pivot pins 326 are mounted along a transverse
"Y" axis through pivot holes 348 (FIGS. 24, 25) in each of the two
outer beams 304 of the body 302 and corresponding pivot holes 350
(FIGS. 28, 29) in the convertible plug 324. As shown in FIG. 29,
each pivot pin 326 engages through two lugs, an outer lug 352 and
an inner lug 354. The pivot pin 326 can slide partially out of the
convertible plug 324 by backing out of the inner lug 354 while
remaining engaged in the outer lug 352. When the pivot pin 326 is
partially released, it also clears a lug hole 356 (FIGS. 28, 29)
and releases a binding plate release lug 358 (FIG. 27) and the
binding attachment plate 328. The convertible plug 324 can now be
flipped over to change modes. The binding attachment plate 328 is
attached or bound to the foot and remains attached to the foot
during a conversion to ski mode from snowshoe mode or vice-versa.
The foot is rotated so that the toe points to the opposite end of
the ski shoe body 302. Then the binding plate release lugs 358 are
inserted back through the lug holes 356 on the reversed side of the
convertible plug 324. The two pivot pins 326 are then pushed back
into full engagement and the binding attachment plate 328 is again
secured to the convertible plug 324.
[0235] Referring to FIG. 30, the pivot pin 326 is detailed as a
quick release pin, although many other types of shear pins would
work in this application. A simple pivot pin similar to the one
shown for the brake ski 300 would work if one end were modified to
make it removable. A simple spring clip (not shown) could be
slipped through a small hole transverse to the longitudinal axis of
the pivot pin or a self locking wing nut could be used. If a one
piece removable pin were used, more time and effort would be
required to realign the convertible plug 324 after it is flipped
and then reattached to the binding attachment plate 328. A single
removable pivot pin could be placed in any number of multiple pivot
hole positions (not shown) located forward and aft of each other
along the longitudinal axis of the ski shoe to customize the
braking or gripping response. This optional design where there are
multiple positions for a single removable pivot pin that passes
through the entire convertible plug 324 would be the best
arrangement for an initial prototype to investigate overall
performance of ski mode and snowshoe mode geometric
relationships.
[0236] The convertible plug 324 is free to rotate about the pivot
axis. A pin height is set to keep the pivot pin 326 clear of the
ground plane when the body 302 is rolled to either side for cutting
in ski mode or walking transverse along inclines in snowshoe mode.
The pivot pin is supported by lugs 362 that hang down from the
outer beams 304 on the body 302. The pivot is shown roughly at the
middle of the convertible plug 324, so that the convertible plug
will rotate and have equal clearance between the end surface 340
and the ski mode toe surface 336 and the snowshoe mode toe surface
338.
[0237] To retain the convertible plug 324 while the ski shoe is
being converted, the recommended and preferred pin arrangement
would be as shown in FIGS. 32A-32D. Two short pivot pins are
inserted from both left and right sides through pivot holes 364 on
lugs 362 hanging down form the outer beams 304 on the body 302.
This pivot hole is aligned with the pivot holes 350 going through
the outer and inner lugs 352, 354, in the convertible plug 324. The
pivot hole 364 on the binding plate release lug 358 on the binding
attachment plate 328 is sandwiched and secured between the outer
and inner lug 352, 354, on the convertible plug 324.
[0238] Referring now to FIG. 30, each pivot pin 326 is a quick
release pin comprising a hollow shaft 368 that carries shear loads
and a button 370 that extends inside of the hollow portion of the
hollow shaft 368. The button 370 is springloaded and when pushed in
allows retaining ball(s) 374 to displace inside the hollow shaft
368. Leverage is gained by placing the index middle fingers behind
and around a handle 376 while pushing in the button 370 with the
thumb. Once the retaining balls are displaced inside the hollow
shaft 368, the pivot pin assembly will slide out of the pivot holes
until an optional key 378 contacts one of the lugs 362 on one side
of the body 302. The pivot hole 350 in the convertible plug 324
could have an additional groove (not shown) that allows the
optional key 378 to pull through the pivot hole only at one
alignment angle. The optional key 378 is positioned so that it
passes through the groove (not shown) and contacts the respective
lug 362 on the body 302. This stop position is a safety feature
that simply provides for extra pin engagement security and is
entirely optional. If the convertible plug 324 needs to be released
in order to use the crampon feature separately, the pivot pin
handle 376 is rotated to some other angle to align the optional key
378 the release groove (not shown) in the lug 362 of the body 302.
Therefore, an extra twist is required to fully release the pivot
pin 326.
[0239] A simpler way to retain the quick release pin 326 without an
optional key 378 is to allow and align the retaining balls 364 to
snap and lock into back to back chamfers (not shown) on common
faces of the respective lug 362 and an outer flange 380 (FIGS. 26,
27). Chamfering is much easier to tool than a feature internal to
and locked inside a part. A push of the button 370 would release
the ball(s) 374 and the pivot pin 326 would slide out. An optional
lanyard (not shown) could be used to retain a loose pin. This
lanyard could be an elastic "bungee cord" that pulls itself back
into the pin when not used to prevent a possible entanglement or
snagging.
[0240] Referring now to FIGS. 26, 27, and 22, it can be seen that
the binding attachment plate 328, while unitary in construction,
may be thought of as comprising three portions, including a center
portion 328a, a toe portion 328b, and a heel portion 328c. As best
seen in FIG. 27, the center portion 328a extends along the region
of constant width. The toe portion 328b extends along the end
transition radius to a heel surface 382. If the skier wants to slow
down or stop, weight is simply shifted to the heel portion 328c of
the binding attachment plate 328. The heel portion 328c will then
push down into the surface of the snow through the convertible plug
324 and cause the snow to displace downward and to the side. The
energy required to displace the snow will cause the skier to slow
down and finally stop. In snowshoe mode, weight is simply shifted
either to the toe portion 328b or heel portion 328c to cause the
convertible plug 324 to rotate and engage teeth 382 for gripping
and traction. The width of the binding attachment plate 328 is
wider than the foot to allow a full range of motion of the foot in
snowshoe mode. The binding attachment plate 328 and either a ski
side 328a or snowshoe side 324b of the convertible plug 324 nest
together in the same way by contact at plug interface surfaces 386
on the binding attachment plate 328.
[0241] The binding attachment plate 328 can be constructed in a
number of ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection
molding made from a reinforced plastic. Injection molded parts
minimize the touch labor required to set up each part. The
reinforcement could be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength,
stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal weight. Local stiffeners
and ribs (not shown) are used to stiffen the skins of an outer
shell. The ribs are much smaller and simpler than other ribs shown
for the other designs because the binding attachment plate 328
works in conjunction with the convertible plug 324 to form an
effective closed box structure. A closed box structure is naturally
the most efficient section for maximum torsional stiffness.
Optional binding attach bosses and binding attach holes are not
shown, but could be detailed in a deck 392 to receive standard
snowboard style bindings. The snowboard style bindings are highly
recommended because of their excellent support of the foot and
ankle. Other types of bindings, including various strap
arrangements can be mounted a number of ways through either forward
strap binding holes 393a or aft strap binding holes 393b as best
shown in FIG. 26. The deck 392 and outer flange 380 of the binding
attachment plate 328 can support any number and arrangements of
strap holes or additional flanges or other features that would be
molded into or would extend above the surface of the deck 392.
Various other types of ski, telemark, cross-country, snowshoe, or
Rottefella bindings can be mounted to standard mounting holes and
inserts located on the surface of the deck 392. An optional
non-skid surface 395 feature is shown on the deck surface to keep
the foot from sliding around.
[0242] Referring now to FIGS. 28, 29, and 23A, it can be seen that
the convertible plug 324, while unitary in construction, may be
thought of as being comprised of four portions, including a center
portion 324a, an end portion 324b, a ski side 324c and a snowshoe
side 324c. As best seen in FIG. 28, the center portion 324a extends
along the region of constant width. The end portion 324b extends
along the end transition radius to the end surface 340, the ski
side 324b also has a primary ski surface 396b that makes contact
with the surface being traversed by the user. In soft snow or
powder, the secondary ski surface or "wings" 398 will also make
contact with the snow surface as described for the body 302. When
the skier wants to ski without braking action or restraint, weight
is shifted forward, and the binding attachment plate 328 rotates
into the a position in which the primary and secondary ski surfaces
396, 398, of the convertible plug 324 align themselves with the
primary and secondary surfaces 314, 318, of the body 302. In this
position, the convertible ski 300 offers very little resistance to
sliding.
[0243] The snowshoe side 324c of the convertible plug 324 has an
outer flange 398a with teeth 398b formed on the edge. These teeth
398b provide traction and gripping. Although the teeth are best
shown in FIG. 28 as integral with the rest of the convertible plug
material, an optional metal or other material insert could be used
in an injected molded part to make the teeth edges more durable and
effective. For cost considerations, however, the integral material
approach has merit.
[0244] The convertible plug 324 can be constructed a number of
ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection molding made
from a reinforced plastic. Injection molded parts minimize the
touch labor required to set up each part. The reinforcement could
be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness, and
damage tolerance at minimal weight. The outer flange 398a, the end
surface 340, lateral ribs 398d, and the thicker pivot hole rib 398e
would be used to stiffen the primary ski surface 396 and wings 398.
The lateral ribs 398d are much smaller and simpler than other ribs
shown for the other designs because the binding attachment plate
328 works in conjunction with the convertible plug 324 to form an
effective closed box structure.
[0245] To prevent snow and ice from accumulating in the cavities of
the snowshoe side 324c of the convertible plug 324 or the binding
attachment plate 328 and adding unnecessary weight to the device,
an optional stiff closed foam insert material (not shown) could be
molded or cut to fit snugly into the open cavities between the ribs
and the shell of the convertible plug 324 or the binding attachment
plate 328 to provide a light weight inexpensive seal. The foam
insert could be glued in place to keep it secure.
[0246] Fourth Embodiment--Dual Bridge Convertible Ski Shoe
[0247] Referring to FIG. 33, there is shown a dual bridge
convertible ski shoe 400 of the forth embodiment of the present
invention, which is adapted for wearing on either the right foot or
left foot. It is to be understood that the dual bridge convertible
ski shoe 400 is but one of a pair of the dual bridge convertible
ski shoes of the fourth embodiment, the other of that same pair
being a left/right mirror image of the dual bridge convertible ski
shoe 400.
[0248] Referring now to FIGS. 33-38B, it can be seen that the dual
bridge convertible ski shoe body 402, while unitary in
construction, may be thought of as being comprised of five
portions, including a center portion 402a, a snowshoe mode forward
portion 402b, a ski mode forward portion 402c, a snowshoe mode nose
portion 402d, and a ski mode nose portion 402e. As best seen in
FIG. 38A, the center portion 402a extends along a cutout region.
Outer beams 404 are contained in the narrow center portion 402a
around an aperture 406. The outer beams 404 are proportioned to
transition the bending, shear and twist loads from the snowshoe
mode forward portion 402c to the ski mode forward portion 402c. The
snowshoe mode nose portion 402d that forms the transition to a
forwardmost snowshoe point 408, is curved upward as best-shown in
FIG. 38B and is styled with an optional bear claw arch 410 pattern.
The ski mode nose portion 402e that transitions as shown in FIG.
37A to a forwardmost ski point 412, is curved upward and insures
that the body 402 stays on top of the snow surface and rides
smoothly over small obstacles or choppy ice and snow. The shape of
the various portions can be changed and styled in various ways
without changing or sacrificing the basic function of the
convertible ski shoe 400.
[0249] The dual bridge convertible ski shoe 400 has two primary
modes of operation. FIGS. 33-34A shows the dual bridge convertible
ski shoe 400 assembled in a ski mode. FIGS. 35-36A shows the same
parts rearranged and reconfigured in a snowshoe mode.
[0250] A primary snow contact surface 414 of the body 402 makes
contact with the surface being traversed. In soft snow or powder,
the secondary snow contact surface or "wings" 418 will also make
contact with the snow surface. The overall body 402 can be
proportioned to have sufficient area to keep the device floating up
in soft snow or deep powder while in ski mode or providing
sufficient area to prevent sinking in snowshoe mode. The
combination of primary and secondary snow contact surfaces 414,
418, will allow a short ski design, as depicted here, to act
similarly to a long ski. Current narrow short ski designs are not
functional in deep powder conditions because of a lack of
sufficient lift/surface area.
[0251] The secondary snow contact surface 414 is offset from the
primary snow contact surface 418. The primary snow contact surface
is nearly flat and parallel with respect to the surface being
traversed. However, the secondary snow contact surface 418 is not
parallel with the ground plane 416. The secondary snow contact
surface angle shows the wedge shape formed by the two secondary
snow contact surfaces on each side of a fin 423. The offset between
the primary and secondary contact surfaces does allow the dual
bridge convertible ski shoe 400 to freely roll from side to side.
In snowshoe mode, the primary snow contact surface 414 will sink
into soft snow first. The secondary snow contact surface 418 will
provide enough extra support to keep the user from sinking. The
secondary snow contact surface 418 is not parallel with the ground
and may tend to wedge into the snow as a result. The overall width
or length may have to be adjusted to compensate for this tendency.
The extra surface area may also be required in ski mode to provide
sufficient lift.
[0252] As shown best in FIGS. 44A-44C and 45A-45D, the body 402 is
connected to a convertible plug 424 with a pivot pin 426. Rolling
motion is imparted by the foot through the pivot pins 426 and into
the body 402. This rolling motion causes either of two inner edges
428 to dig into the snow for directional control similar to
existing short or long ski designs. A roll angle is sufficient to
allow this rolling motion to occur without interference from the
wings 418. In case of extreme rolling due to a fall or extreme
slopes, one of two outside edges 430 can cause the inner edge to
lift off the snow surface. The inner edges 428 are simply sharp
corners of the parent material of the body 402. Molded in metal
inserts could be used to improve the cutting action of the edges if
more control is desired especially on ice. However, if extreme roll
conditions are experienced and the outside edges cause the inner
edges to pry off of the surface, a loss of control could result. If
the two edges are similar in construction and geometry, then they
will both perform similarly, and a surprise loss of control will
not be experienced. Therefore, it is recommended that both inner
428 and outer edges 430 have optional inserts or have similar
geometry and material. The outer edges 430 as depicted are not
optimum and have a large gentle radius and an edge that is not
straight and parallel to the inner edges 428.
[0253] Referring to FIGS. 37, 37A, 38, and 38A, the body 402 can be
constructed a number of ways, the preferred one being a two piece
hollow design comprising an upper and lower shell preferably
constructed from a reinforced injection molded plastic. Injection
molded parts minimize the touch labor required to set up each part.
The reinforcement is preferably a longer fiber variety for maximum
strength, stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal weight. The
two halves preferably have a snap fit design where plastic snap
elements permanently lock the two halves together. Once the two
halves lock together, they act as an integral closed cell box.
Using shear bosses would insure that the two halves would act as a
single torque box. This manufacturing method would also be
consistent with the other parts. Local stiffeners and internal ribs
may be used to internally stiffen the skins of the shells. Local
areas of higher stress could be strengthened by an increase in
thickness. An alternate method to assemble the halves would be to
secure them together with fasteners or screws spaced periodically
around the perimeter.
[0254] The body 402 could also alternately be constructed as
described above, except the snap feature(s) could be replaced with
a bond or welding. The body 402 could also alternately be
constructed as a one piece foam filled or hollow part having a skin
material, such as epoxy-bonded fiberglass, carbon or a metallic
material, such as aluminum, disposed thereover. The skin material
could form a bonded assembly with an internal foam core and could
be a wet lay up over a foam core to save weight. An alternate means
of manufacture would involve some form of resin transfer molding or
vacuum assist resin transfer molding of resin into a closed cavity
mold with dry preform broad goods over an internal mandrel. A
hollow design could also be produced using a rotomolding
process.
[0255] Referring to FIGS. 37, 37A, 41, 41A, 42, and 42A, a ski mode
toe surface 432 and a snowshoe mode toe surface 434 of the body 402
are shaped not to interfere and contact with their corresponding
end surfaces 435 of the convertible plug 424. A stop located on the
convertible plug 424 will contact the body 402 only in ski mode.
This contact will prevent a toe end portion 424b of the convertible
plug 424 from digging into the snow surface as the skier leans
forward and will prevent a sudden deceleration or loss of control.
In snowshoe mode the convertible plug is flipped over and the stop
will pass unrestricted through a stop slot 438 in the body 402.
This will insure unrestrained fully articulating toe and heel
engagement in snowshoe mode. If the ski mode toe surface 432 and
the snowshoe mode toe surface 434 and their corresponding end
surfaces 435 of the convertible plug 424 are radiused with the
center at a pivot axis, a tight fit will insure that the gap is
minimized and foreign objects can not easily get wedged or
trapped.
[0256] As shown in FIGS. 44A-44C and 45A-45D, the convertible plug
424 is attached to the body 402 by means of a pivot pin 426. The
pivot pin 426 is mounted along a transverse "Y" axis through pivot
holes 442 in each of the two outer beams 404 of the body 402 and
corresponding pivot holes 444 contained in the convertible plug
424. The convertible plug 424 can be flipped over to change modes
without any manipulation of the pivot pin 426. Binding attachment
plates 446 are attached or bound to the foot and remains attached
to the foot during a conversion to ski mode from snowshoe mode or
vice-versa. The foot is rotated so that the toe points to the
opposite end of the ski shoe body 402.
[0257] Referring to FIGS. 39, 39A, 40, and 40A, the binding
attachment plates 446 are adjustable to one of five positions as
best shown in FIG. 42A. There are three fingers on each side of
each binding attachment plate 446. The center finger is a shear pin
448, which engages into one of the pin holes 450 in the convertible
plug 424. The fit between the pin hole 450 and the shear pin 448 is
tight. The engagement prevents the binding attachment plate 446
from sliding fore or aft or laterally on the convertible plug 424.
The other two fingers are binding plate release springs 451. The
binding plate release springs 451 have a barb on each end that
snaps or springs back and then locks into two pin holes 450 on each
side of the shear pin 448. The binding plate release springs 451
are designed to react tension in the vertical direction between the
convertible plug 424 and the binding attachment plate 446. The fit
between the binding plate release spring 451 and the pin hole 450
is loose enough to allow the larger barb to pass through the pin
hole 450. The binding attachment plates 446 can be released from
the convertible plug 424 by reaching underneath the convertible
plug 424 and inserting the index finger and thumb into the finger
access slot 452 and squeezing the two binding plate release springs
451 together and allowing the barbs to pop back through the pins
holes 450.
[0258] Referring to FIGS. 43 and 43A, the pivot pin 426 is detailed
as a quick release pin, although many other types of shear pins
would work in this application. A simple pivot pin similar to the
one shown for the brake ski 100 would work. A removable pivot pin
could be made from a simple spring clip (not shown) and could be
slipped through a small hole transverse to the longitudinal axis of
the pivot pin or a self locking wing nut could be used. A single
removable pivot pin could be placed in any number of multiple pivot
hole positions (not shown) located forward and aft of each other
along the longitudinal axis of the ski shoe to customize the
braking or gripping response. This optional design where there are
multiple positions for a single removable pivot pin that passes
through the entire convertible plug 424 would be the best
arrangement for an initial prototype to investigate overall
performance of ski mode and snowshoe mode geometric relationships.
This design alternate would require the pivot pin to be
repositioned during transition between modes if any location were
used other than at the center of the convertible plug 424.
[0259] The convertible plug 424 is free to rotate about the pivot
axis. The pin height is set to keep the pivot pin 426 clear of the
ground plane when the body 402 is rolled to either side for cutting
in ski mode or walking transverse along inclines in snowshoe mode.
The pin height is higher for this design to allow the convertible
plug 424 geometry to properly match the binding attachment plate
446 geometry. The pivot axis is shown roughly at the middle of the
convertible plug 424, so that the convertible plug will rotate and
have equal clearance between the end surface 435 and the ski mode
toe surface 432 and the snowshoe mode toe surface 434.
[0260] Referring now to FIG. 43A, each pivot pin 426 is a quick
release pin comprising a hollow shaft 458 that carries shear loads
and a button 460 that extends inside of the hollow portion of the
hollow shaft 458. The button 460 is springloaded and when pushed in
allows retaining ball(s) 464 to displace inside the hollow shaft
458. Leverage is gained by placing the index middle fingers behind
and around a handle 466 while pushing in the button 460 with the
thumb. Once the retaining balls are displaced inside the hollow
shaft 458, the pivot pin assembly will slide out of the pivot holes
until the optional key 468 contacts edge of the pivot hole 442 in
the outer beam 404 on one side of the body 402. The pivot hole 444
in the convertible plug 424 could have an additional groove (not
shown) that allows the optional key 468 to pull through the pivot
hole only at one alignment angle. The optional key 468 is
positioned so that it passes through the groove (not shown) and
contacts the edge of the pivot hole 42 in the outer beam 404 on the
body 402. This stop position is a safety feature that simply
provides for extra pin engagement security and is entirely
optional. If the convertible plug 424 needs to be released in order
to use the crampon feature separately, the pivot pin handle 466 is
rotated to some other angle to align the optional key 468 with a
release groove (not shown) in the pivot hole 442 in the outer beam
404 on the body 402. Therefore, an extra twist is required to fully
release the pivot pin 426.
[0261] A simpler way to retain the quick release pin 426 without
the optional key 468 is to allow and align the retaining balls 464
to snap and lock into back to back chamfers (not shown) on the
common faces of the edge of the pivot hole 442 in the outer beam
404 on one side of the body 402 and an outer flange 470 (FIG. 42)
of the convertible plug 424. Chamfering is much easier to tool than
a feature internal to and locked inside a part.. A push of the
button 460 would release the ball(s) 464 and the pivot pin would
slide out. An optional lanyard (not shown) could be used to retain
a loose pin. This lanyard could be an elastic "bungee cord" that
pulls itself back into the pin when not used to prevent a possible
entanglement or snagging. An alternate design would feature a
permanent non-removable pin which would reduce cost.
[0262] Referring now to FIGS. 39, 39A, and 40, it can be seen that
the binding attachment plate 446, while unitary in construction,
may be thought of as being comprised of two portions, including a
straight portion 446a, and the end portion 446b. As best seen in
FIG. 39A, the straight portion 446a extends along the region of
constant width. The end portion extends along the end transition
radius to the opposite edge of the part. There are two binding
attachment plates 446. One of them is attached to the toe of the
foot and the other to the heel. If the skier wants to slow down or
stop, weight is simply shifted to the binding attachment plate 446
attached on the heel. This binding attachment plate 446 attached to
the heel will then will push down into the surface of the snow
through the convertible plug 424 and cause the snow to displace
downward and to the side. The energy required to displace the snow
will cause the skier to slow down and finally stop. In snowshoe
mode weight is simply shifted to either of the two binding
attachment plates to cause the convertible plug to rotate and
engage teeth 472 (FIG. 42) for gripping and traction. The width of
the binding attachment plate 446 is wider than the foot to allow a
full range of motion of the foot in snowshoe mode. The binding
attachment plate 446 and either a ski side 424c or snowshoe side
424d of the convertible plug nest together the same way by contact
at plug interface surfaces 474 on the binding attachment plate
446.
[0263] Referring to FIGS. 39, 39A, 40, 40A, the binding attachment
plate 446 can be constructed a number of ways, the preferred one
being a one piece injection molding made from a reinforced plastic.
Injection molded parts minimize the touch labor required to set up
each part. The reinforcement could be a longer fiber variety for
maximum strength, stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal
weight. Other types of bindings, including various strap
arrangements can be mounted a number of ways through strap binding
holes 476 as best shown in FIGS. 39A and 40. A deck 477 (FIG. 39)
and outer flange 478 of the binding attachment plate 446 can
support any number and arrangements of strap holes or additional
flanges or other features that would be molded into or would extend
above the surface of the deck 477. Various other types of telemark,
cross-country, snowshoe, or Rottefella bindings can be mounted to
standard mounting holes and inserts located on the surface of the
deck 477. An optional non skid surface 480 feature is shown on the
deck surface to keep the foot from sliding around.
[0264] Referring now to FIGS. 41, 41A, and 42, it can be seen that
the convertible plug 424, while unitary in construction, may be
thought of as being comprised of four portions, including a center
portion 424a, end portions 424b, a ski side 424c and a snowshoe
side 424d. As best seen in FIG. 42, the center portion 424a extends
along a region of constant width. The end portion 424b extends
along the end transition radius to the end surface 435. As best
shown in FIG. 41A, the ski side 424c also has a primary ski surface
481 that makes contact with the surface being traversed. In soft
snow or powder, the secondary ski surface or "wings" 483 will also
make contact with the snow surface as described for the body 402.
When the skier wants to ski without braking action or restraint,
weight is shifted forward, and the binding attachment plate 446
rotates into the a position in which the primary and secondary ski
surfaces 481, 483, of the convertible plug 424 align themselves
with the primary and secondary surfaces 481, 483, of the body 402.
In this position, the convertible ski 400 offers very little
resistance to sliding.
[0265] Referring to FIG. 42, the snowshoe side 424d of the
convertible plug 424 has an outer flange 470 with teeth 472 formed
on the edge. These teeth 472 provide traction and gripping.
Although the teeth are best shown in FIG. 42 as integral with the
rest of the convertible plug material, an optional metal or other
material insert could be used in an injected molded part to make
the teeth edges more durable and effective. For cost
considerations, however, the integral material approach has
merit.
[0266] The convertible plug 424 can be constructed a number of
ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection molding made
from a reinforced plastic. Injection molded parts minimize the
touch labor required to set up each part. The reinforcement could
be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength, stiffness, and
damage tolerance at minimal weight. The outer flange 470, end
surface 435, ribs 488, and the thicker longitudinal rib 490 would
be used to stiffen the primary ski surface 481 and wings 483.
[0267] To prevent snow and ice from accumulating in the cavities of
the snowshoe side 424d of the convertible plug 424 or the binding
attachment plate 446 and adding unnecessary weight to the device,
an optional stiff closed foam insert material (not shown) could be
molded or cut to fit snugly into the open cavities between the ribs
and the shell of the convertible plug 424 or the binding attachment
plate 446 to provide a light weight inexpensive seal. The foam
insert could be glued in place to keep it secure.
[0268] Fifth Embodiment--Smooth Bottom Convertible Ski Shoe
[0269] FIGS. 46-49C, 52-56, and 57-58B, as well as FIGS. 59-79,
illustrate a fifth embodiment, a smooth bottom convertible ski shoe
500, which combines all the benefits of the first, second and third
embodiments into a single design. FIGS. 46-49C illustrate the
smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 in ski mode configuration.
FIGS. 52-56 illustrate the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500
in snowshoe mode configuration. FIGS. 57-58B illustrate the smooth
bottom convertible ski shoe 500 in glide mode configuration. The
smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 is a versatile device that
enables a person to travel at the most efficient rate across a wide
range of winter landscape. The design of the smooth bottom
convertible ski shoe has been enhanced to eliminate the underslung
lugs as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 illustrating the convertible ski
shoe of the third embodiment. The smooth bottom convertible ski
shoe 500 may be quickly transformed from a fast downhill ski into
an all-terrain snowshoe in seconds.
[0270] Referring to FIG. 46, to accomplish this transformation, the
user reaches down and releases one or more binding plate locks. A
binding plate assembly 503 (FIGS. 69-71) stays attached to the
binding and foot as the foot is lifted up. A convertible plug 504
is attached to a body 506 of the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe
500 by means of two coaxial pivot pin assemblies 508. A convertible
plug assembly 510 is then flipped over or converted. A foot is then
reversed in direction and reinserted into an opposite side or
snowshoe side 504d of the convertible plug assembly 510 and the ski
is transformed into a snowshoe. The binding plate locks 502 are
then secured.
[0271] Any number of different kinds of standard bindings can be
attached to a deck 516 of a binding plate 518. The preferred type
of binding would a standard snowboard type, such as the K-2 Clicker
step-in standard or high back system. Although, any number of
Burton binding systems, telemark, cross-country, short ski, such as
Solomon Snow Blade, or ski shoe bindings or crampons, such as Atlas
Mountain Tracker, could also be adapted and mounted. The snowboard
bindings would be adapted for use with the foot mounted fore and
aft like a standard ski, instead of transverse as on a snowboard.
The more compliant boots used for snow boarding would offer a good
balance between flexibility and rigidity for control. The snowboard
bindings can be adjusted to allow the optimum foot angle for
pigeon-toed or bow-legged people to align their ski shoes straight.
The cross-country and snowshoe bindings would be more difficult to
control because of their lack of foot restraint. The short ski
bindings are designed for use with regular ski boots, which are
very rigid for comfortable walking. Other types of bindings,
including various strap arrangements can be mounted a number of
ways through strap binding holes not detailed.
[0272] As illustrated in FIGS. 59-64, the body 506 of the smooth
bottom convertible ski shoe 500, while unitary in construction, may
be thought of as being comprised of three portions, including a
center portion 506a, a snowshoe mode forward portion 506b, and a
ski mode forward portion 506c. In snowshoe mode, most of the body
length is located behind a pivot axis 520 (FIG. 61A) of the foot.
This insures that the back of the snowshoe, also the ski mode
forward portion 506c, falls against the ground so that the snowshoe
mode forward portion 506b of the body 506 is lifted up to make it
easier to step forward into soft snow. In ski mode, the ski mode
forward portion 506c extends out further than the back or snowshoe
mode forward portion 506b. This configuration is thus optimized for
control while skiing.
[0273] The smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 can ski in light
powder because the body 506 has enough lift surface area to keep a
skier floating up. The lift area is comprised of the primary snow
contact surfaces 522, 523, secondary snow contact surfaces 524,
525, and optional additional levels, such as the tertiary snow
contact surface 526. The additional drag from the underslung lugs
of the convertible ski shoe, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 above, has
been eliminated. The smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 is
small, light, inexpensive, and compact. It facilitates skiing with
speed and confidence while improving safety, even when skiing down
tight narrow trails or glade runs between trees, because braking
action is available by rotating the binding plate and convertible
plug assemblies 503 and 510 about the pivot axis 520 by leaning
back on the feet. This braking action, which is illustrated in
FIGS. 50A-50E and 51, can be used for control and steering without
using inner edge(s) 528 of the ski shoe by cutting back and forth
or snowplowing. It is easier to learn because the skier's reflexes
automatically result in braking action without the need to learn
new technique. A skier slows down when naturally leaning back on
his feet.
[0274] In ski mode, the convertible plug assembly 510 would
normally be prevented from rotating forward or toe down about the
pivot axis 520. This would prevent excessive and possibly
uncontrolled deceleration. There are several redundant features
that prevent toe down rotation in ski mode. Although only one is
required for safety, several different options are detailed here.
The first is a pair of hard stops 530 and 531 on the convertible
plug 504 and body 506 respectfully that contact each other at a
negative pitch angle limit. The second is to install a plug
rotation limiter pin 534 in one of a plurality of stop holes 536
(FIGS. 62B and 63A-63B), which may include a fixed stop hole, a
slotted stop hole, and a store stop hole, position in the body 506.
When the plug rotation limiter pin 534 is installed in a fixed stop
hole 536 position, the convertible plug assembly 510 cannot rotate
about the pivot axis 520. The plug rotation limiter pin 534 engages
into a stop hole 540 of the convertible plug 504. This setting also
prevents braking action, but may be a preferred setting for some
skiers who want the response of a traditional short ski.
[0275] If the plug rotation limiter pin 534 is installed in a
slotted stop hole 536, a limited range of pitch angle motion is
allowed. This setting would be useful to allow braking but prevent
excessive negative pitch rotation and possible loss of control of
the ski shoe and serve as a redundant toe down positive pitch angle
stop. The plug rotation limiter pin 534 engages into a ski mode
stop slot 542 of the convertible plug 504. The ski mode stop slot
542 is not shown to fully penetrate the convertible plug 504 so
that rigidity is not compromised. This limited heel down pitch
angle 532 motion also has a benefit during falls and can help
prevent or minimize injuries, including ACL injuries. Ski boots are
being developed that provide this extra degree of motion, but
providing for it in the ski itself is novel. This approach can be
used in the brake ski of the first embodiment and extended to
longer ski versions.
[0276] Another ski mode would be to place the plug rotation limiter
pin 534 in a store stop hole 536 position. In this position, the
convertible plug assembly 510 is free to rotate in the heel down
pitch angle until the back of the user's boot contacts an aperture
tube 546 on the body 506. This extra pitch angle motion may be
useful in steep narrow powder runs where the skier can stand
comfortably upright and maintain a controlled descent without
cutting and accelerating abruptly. The plug rotation limiter pin
534 does not engage the convertible plug 504 when inserted into the
store stop hole 536. In any of the three positions for the plug
rotation limiter pin 534, a handle 548 is secured by snapping it
into a pin clip 550.
[0277] The convertible plug assembly 510 can also be set to provide
some controlled degree of toe down pitch angle rotation before
hitting a stop in ski mode. This can be used for an optional glide
mode, as illustrated in FIGS. 57, 58A, and 58B, where a binding is
used that releases the heel similar to cross-country skis. The toe
would pivot slightly forward to allow a grabber feature or shovel
to dig in slightly and give the cross-country skier a toe hold with
which to push off. The smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 may
be quickly transformed from a fast, downhill ski into a glide ski
for flat, gradual up or down slopes in seconds. To accomplish this
transformation, the user reaches down and releases the binding
plate lock(s) and removes or backs out the plug rotation limiter
pin 534 by popping the handle 548 out of the pin clip 550. The
binding plate assembly 503 stays attached to the binding and foot
as the foot is lifted up. The convertible plug assembly 510 is then
flipped over or converted with teeth 552 down in the snowshoe mode
position (FIGS. 50-56). The foot is reinserted in the same
direction with a toe portion 518b of the binding plate 518 pointed
toward the ski mode forward portion 506c into the opposite side or
snowshoe side 504d of the convertible plug assembly 504 and the ski
is transformed into a glide ski. The binding plate lock(s) are then
secured. The plug rotation limiter pin 534 is then reengaged into
the glide stop slot 554 and the handle 548 is returned to the pin
clip 534. The glide stop slot 554 is designed to allow some degree
of toe down pivot motion about the pivot axis 520 so that the
forward teeth 552 can dig into and grip the snow. The glider
typically pushes off with the lagging foot, so the toe naturally
pushes down on the toe portion 518b of the binding plate 518.
Pressure is put on the heel portion 518c of the binding plate 518
by the leading or gliding foot. The plug rotation limiter pin 534
is engaged through the slotted stop hole 536 on the body 506 and
into the glide stop slot 554 that prevents the convertible plug
assembly 510 from rotating at a positive pivot angle. The teeth
remain retracted above a ground plane 555 (FIGS. 55A and 55B) and
allow drag free gliding.
[0278] The conversion into snowshoe mode is then accomplished
simply by removing or backing out the plug rotation limiter pin 534
by popping the handle 548 out of the pin clip 550. The plug
rotation limiter pin 534 can then be stowed in a neutral position
by inserting it into the optional store stop hole 536. In this
position, the convertible plug assembly 510 is free to rotate in
the toe down or heel down pitch angle until the back or front of
the user's boot contacts the aperture tube 546 on the body 506
(FIGS. 55A and 55B). This extra pitch angle motion is especially
helpful on descent where the skier can stand, walk, or run
comfortably upright. Other snowshoe designs allow toe down pitch
angle motion already, but the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe
500 allows full foot motion about the pivot axis 520. The plug
rotation limiter pin 534 does not engage the convertible plug 504
when inserted into the store stop hole 536. The smooth bottom
convertible ski shoe 500 becomes a fully articulating snowshoe and
the user can walk or run up or down steep slopes at any angle with
comfort. A conventional snowshoe forces the foot into a zero roll
angle with respect to a sloping ground plane 555. This is
especially uncomfortable if the user is not climbing or descending
directly up or down a slope but is traversing at an off angle. The
smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 can freely roll at an angle
that allows the user to stand, walk, or run in a comfortable
upright position. Therefore, the user maintains maximum control and
grip in any slope angle.
[0279] An optional feature of the smooth bottom convertible ski
shoe 500 allows the teeth 552 to be adjusted into several different
pin heights. Although a production design would not require the
multiple heights, the optimal pin height can be determined during
testing. To change the height of the convertible plug assembly 510
and binding plate assembly 503, the pivot pin assemblies 508 are
partially backed out of pivot holes 560. Pivot pins 562 are mounted
along a transverse "Y" axis through pivot holes 560 in each of two
beams 564 of the body 506 and corresponding primary pivot holes 566
contained in the convertible plug 504.
[0280] Referring to FIG. 77, this is accomplished by prying each
clip keeper 568 over the top of the beam 564. A clip 569 is then
rotated about a clip pivot 570 until it lies along an approximate
horizontal plane that is parallel to the ground plane 555. This
motion will cause the attached clip to rotate about a clip
retention pin 571 and pull the pivot pin 562 partially out of the
pivot hole 560. A pivot pin slot 572 provides clearance between the
clip 569 and pivot pin 562. The pivot pin 562 backs out of the
primary pivot hole 566, but remains engaged in a pivot hole slot
573. The convertible plug assembly 510 is now free to lower with
respect to the body 506 until the pivot pin 562 is aligned with a
secondary pivot hole 574. The clip 569 is then rotated as the clip
pivot 570 is pushed into a clip pivot slot 575 on the body 506.
This prying action forces the pivot pin 562 to engage the secondary
pivot hole 574. The clip keeper 568 is then forced into locked
position over the beam 566. The biting action of the teeth 552 is
now more aggressive. The convertible plug 504 must be returned to
the original primary position to properly align the primary snow
contact surface 522 of the body 506 with the primary ski surface
523 of the convertible plug 504 when going back into ski mode.
[0281] If very tight conditions are encountered such as climbing
among snow covered rocks, the combined binding plate/convertible
plug assemblies 503, 510, function as crampons and can be released
and used as separate devices by pulling the clip 569 out further to
withdraw the pivot pin from the pivot hole slot 573. It is to be
understood that the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 shown in
FIG. 46 is but one of a pair of the smooth bottom convertible ski
shoes of the fifth embodiment, the other of that same pair being
identical thereto.
[0282] As best illustrated in FIG. 59, the body 506 further
includes a snowshoe mode forward pocket 506d and a ski mode forward
pocket 506e, which are recesses that stiffen and lighten the body
by closing out the aperture tube 546 and perimeter tube 576. The
center portion 506a extends along a cutout or aperture 577 region.
The outer beams 564 are contained in the narrow center portion 506a
around the aperture 577. The outer beams 564 are proportioned to
transition the bending, shear and twist loads from the snowshoe
mode forward portion 506b to the ski mode forward portion 506c. The
snowshoe mode forward portion 506b that forms the transition to a
forwardmost snowshoe point 578, is curved upward and is styled with
an optional bear claw arch 579 pattern. The ski mode forward
portion 506c that transitions to a forwardmost ski point 580, is
curved upward and insures that the body 506 stays on top of the
snow surface and rides smoothly over small obstacles or choppy ice
and snow. The shape of the various portions can be changed and
styled in various ways without changing or sacrificing the basic
function of the convertible ski shoe 500. The design can also be
made to function without the perimeter tube 576 or aperture tube
546.
[0283] The smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 has two primary
modes of operation. FIG. 48 shows the smooth bottom convertible ski
shoe 500 assembled in a ski mode. FIG. 56 shows the same parts
rearranged and reconfigured into a snowshoe mode. In addition,
there are four secondary ski modes, including glide ski, fixed ski,
ski with brake stop, and ski without brake stop. Additionally,
there are two secondary snowshoe modes, which are with flush teeth
and with protruding teeth, as previously described. The binding
plate assembly 503 is attached or bound to the foot and remains
attached to the foot during a conversion to ski mode from snowshoe
mode or vice-versa. The toe portion 518b of the binding attachment
plate is mounted in the same direction as the toe of the foot. The
toe portion 518b of the binding plate is inserted in the
convertible plug assembly 510 pointed in the direction of the ski
mode forward portion 506c of the body 506 for all of the primary
and secondary ski modes. The toe portion 518b of the binding plate
518 is inserted in the convertible plug assembly 510 pointed in the
direction of the snowshoe mode forward portion 506b of the body 506
for all of the primary and secondary snowshoe modes.
[0284] Referring to FIGS. 61A-61E, the primary snow contact surface
522 of the body 506 makes contact with the surface being traversed.
In soft snow or powder, the secondary snow contact surface 524 and
tertiary snow contact surface 526 will also make contact with the
snow surface. The overall body 506 can be proportioned to have
sufficient area to keep the device floating up in soft snow or deep
powder while in ski mode or providing sufficient area to prevent
sinking in snowshoe mode. The combination of primary snow contact
surface 522, secondary snow contact surface 524, and tertiary snow
contact surface 526 will allow a short ski design to act similarly
to a long ski. Current narrow short ski designs are not functional
in deep powder conditions because of a lack of sufficient lift
surface area.
[0285] Since the secondary snow contact surface 524 is offset from
the primary snow contact surface 522, both surfaces can be nearly
flat and parallel with respect to the surface being traversed,
while allowing the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe to freely
roll from side to side at a roll. The relationship between the
primary snow contact surface 522 and tertiary snow contact surface
526 is similar. The tertiary snow contact surface 526 is an
optional styling element that nicely blends the bear claw arches
579 into the lines of the ski shoe. In snowshoe mode, the primary
snow contact surface 522 will sink into soft snow first. The
cathedral shaped profile of the secondary snow contact surface 524
and tertiary snow contact surface 526 and the teeth 552 will then
provide lateral stability. The secondary snow contact surface 524
and tertiary snow contact surface 526 will provide enough extra
support to keep the user from sinking. The secondary snow contact
surface 524 and tertiary snow contact surface 526 are almost
parallel with the ground and will tend not to wedge into the snow
as a result.
[0286] Referring to FIG. 46, the body 506 is connected to the
convertible plug 504 with two coaxial pivot pin assemblies 508.
Rolling motion is imparted by the foot through the pivot pins 562
and into the body 506. This rolling motion causes either of the
inner edges 528 to dig into the snow for directional control
similar to existing short or long ski designs. The roll angle is
sufficient to allow this rolling motion to occur without
interference from the secondary snow contact surface 524 or
tertiary snow contact surface 526. In case of extreme rolling due
to a fall or extreme slopes, an outside edge 584 can cause the
corresponding inner edge 528 to lift off the snow surface. The
inner edges 528 are simply sharp corners of the parent material of
the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe body 506. Molded in metal
inserts could be used to improve the cutting action of the edges if
more control is desired especially on ice. However, if extreme roll
conditions are experienced and the outside edges 584 cause the
inner edges 583 to pry off of the surface, a loss of control could
result. If the two edges are similar in construction and geometry,
then they will both perform similarly, and a surprise loss of
control will not be experienced.
[0287] In view of the foregoing, it is recommended that both inner
edges 528 and outer edges 584 have optional inserts or have similar
geometry and material. The outer edges 584 have been designed to
keep them straight and parallel to the inner edges 528 for
maintaining a similar or improved edging response for maximum
safety. The outer edges 584 are actually slightly sharper to
increase the edging force and provide an extra degree of control in
the case of an excessive roll angle. Optional intermediate edges
585 (FIG. 64) and 586 (FIG. 75) are primary a styling feature and
do not serve to significantly change the edging response. If the
inner and outer edges 528 and 584 are improved with optional
inserts, there would not be a requirement to do the same for the
intermediate edges 585 and 586. Referring to FIGS. 77 and 78, the
clip 569 stows in a clip recess 587 to make a beam outer surface
588 flush and straight. This insures that contact of the left hand
smooth bottom convertible ski shoe 500 with the other does not
entangle with and tends to straighten the two relative to each
other to avoid crossed skis.
[0288] The body 506 can be constructed a number of ways, the
preferred one being a two piece hollow design. The shells are
preferably made from a tough injection molded plastic, such as a
polycarbonate acrylic blend, which has a pleasant translucent look.
Injection molded parts minimize the touch labor required to set up
each part. An alternate construction would be of long or short
fiber reinforcement for maximum strength, stiffness, and damage
tolerance at minimal weight. The two halves preferably have a snap
fit design where plastic snap elements would permanently lock the
two halves together. Once the two halves lock together, they
function as an integral closed cell box. Shear bosses ensure that
the two halves function as a unit. This manufacturing method would
also be consistent with the other parts. Local stiffeners and
internal ribs (not shown) are used to internally stiffen the skins
of the shells. Local areas of higher stress could be strengthened
by an increase in thickness. An alternate method to assemble the
halves would be to secure them together with fasteners or screws
spaced periodically around the perimeter.
[0289] The body 506 could alternately be constructed as described
above, with the snap features replaced with a bond or welding. The
body 506 may alternately be constructed as a one piece foam filled
or hollow part. The skin material could be made from epoxy-bonded
fiberglass, carbon, or a metallic material, such as aluminum. The
skins can form a bonded assembly with an internal foam core. The
skins can be a wet lay up over a foam core to save weight. An
alternate means of manufacture would be to use some form of resin
transfer molding or vacuum assist resin transfer molding of resin
into a closed cavity mold with dry preform broad goods over an
internal mandrel. A hollow design could also be produced using a
rotomolding process or a reaction injection molding process.
[0290] Referring to FIGS. 63, 70B, and 71B, a ski mode toe surface
589 of the body 506 and a snowshoe mode toe surface 590 are shaped
not to interfere and contact with corresponding end interface
surfaces 591 of the convertible plug 504. The ski mode toe surface
589 and the snowshoe mode toe surface 590 with their corresponding
end interface surfaces 591 of the convertible plug 504 are radiused
with the center at the pivot axis 520, a tight fit will insure that
the gap is minimized and foreign objects can not easily get wedged
or trapped.
[0291] Referring to FIGS. 77 and 78, the pivot pin assembly 508 is
detailed as a solid pin, although many other types of shear pins
would work including a quick release pit pin in this application. A
simple spring clip (not shown) could be slipped through a small
hole transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pivot pin or a
self-locking wing nut could be used to retain the pin. A removable
pivot pin could be placed in any number of multiple pivot hole
positions (not shown) located forward and aft of each other along
the longitudinal axis of the ski shoe to customize the braking or
gripping response.
[0292] The convertible plug 504 is free to rotate about the pivot
axis 520. The pin height is set to keep the pivot pin assembly 508
clear of the surface being traversed when the body 506 is rolled to
either side for cutting in ski mode or walking transverse along
inclines in snowshoe mode. The pivot axis 520 is shown roughly at
the middle of the convertible plug 504, so that the convertible
plug will rotate and have equal clearance between the end interface
surface 591 and the ski mode toe surface 589 and the snowshoe mode
toe surface 590.
[0293] An optional lanyard (not shown) could be used to retain a
loose pivot pin assembly 508 or plug rotation limiter pin 534. This
lanyard could be an elastic "bungee cord" that pulls itself back
into the pin when not used to prevent a possible entanglement or
snagging.
[0294] Referring to FIGS. 66 and 74, the binding attachment plate
518, while unitary in construction, may be thought of as being
comprised of three portions, including a center portion 518a, the
toe portion 518b, and a heel portion 518c. The center portion 518a
extends along the region of constant width. The toe portion extends
along the end transition radius to the front tip, and the heel
portion 518b extends along an end transition radius to the rear
tip. If the skier wants to slow down or stop, weight is simply
shifted to the heel portion 518b of the binding attachment plate
518. The heel portion 518b then will push down into the surface of
the snow through the convertible plug assembly 504 and cause the
snow to displace downward and to the side. The energy required to
displace the snow will cause the skier to slow down and finally
stop. In snowshoe mode weight is simply shifted to either the toe
portion 518b or heel portion 518c to cause the convertible plug to
rotate and engage the teeth 552 for gripping and traction. The
width of the binding attachment plate 518 is wider than the foot to
allow a full range of motion of the foot in snowshoe mode. The
binding attachment plate 518 and either a ski side 504c or a
snowshoe side 504d of the convertible plug 504 nest together the
same way by contact at plug interface surfaces 592 on the binding
attachment plate 518.
[0295] The binding attachment plate 518 can be constructed a number
of ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection molding made
from a toughened or reinforced plastic. Injection molded parts
minimize the touch labor required to set up each part. The
reinforcement could be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength,
stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal weight. Although the
binding attachment plate 518 is designed as a solid thick plate,
once the bindings are selected, binding attach bosses 593a and
holes 593b can be located in which to mount the bindings. Local
stiffeners, an outer flange 594a, ribs 594b, or boss support
flanges 594c could be located like designs in previous embodiments
to lighten the part and would be used to stiffen the skins of the
outer shell 594d and deck 516. The binding attachment plate 518
works in conjunction with the convertible plug 504 to form an
effective closed box structure. A closed box structure is naturally
the most efficient section for maximum torsional stiffness.
Optional binding attach bosses and binding attach holes are not
shown, but could be detailed in the deck to receive standard style
bindings. The deck and optional outer of the binding attachment
plate 518 can support any number and arrangements of strap holes or
additional flanges or other features that would be molded into or
would extend above the surface of the deck. Various other types of
ski, telemark, cross-country, snowshoe, or Rottefella bindings can
be mounted to standard mounting holes and inserts located on the
surface of the deck. An optional non-skid surface 595 feature not
shown on the deck surface would help keep the foot from sliding
around.
[0296] Referring to FIGS. 80-87. The binding plate assembly 503 is
comprised of several other features that form a locking mechanism
with the convertible plug assembly 510. Although details of the
locking assembly are shown, any number of alternate lock details
could be substituted to do the same job. A plug attach stud 596a is
shown integral with the binding attachment plate 518. This plug
attach stud may be more suited to a separate metal piece to insure
reliability. To minimize the stresses between the plug attach stud
596a and the deck 516, a generous plug attach stud fillet 596b is
required. A lock 596c is assembled by slipping the sleeve 596d on
the plug attach stud 596a. The flare 596e covers up the fillet 596b
and prevents adequate periodic inspection for safety. The optional
upper oblong shear block 596f has a sleeve hole 596g that is then
slipped over the sleeve 596d of the lock 596c. The upper oblong
shear block 596f is installed such that a key 596h engages into an
anti-rotation keyway 596i on the binding attachment plate 518. This
upper oblong shear block 596f serves to reduce bending in the plug
attach stud 596a by transferring shear between the surface 596j and
the fillet 596b and an inner hole surface 596k.
[0297] Next, a middle oblong lock block 597a is fitted over the
sleeve 596d of the lock 596c through a sleeve hole 597a'. Optional
anti-rotation flats 597b are aligned with the anti-rotation flats
596l on the sleeve 596d of the lock 596c. These parts could be
alternately pinned or bonded into place. The middle oblong lock
block 597a is released by rotating a lock handle 597c from a distal
lock keeper 597d position to the mesial lock keeper 597e position.
The design could also be set up to release in the distal lock
keeper 597d position if desired for clearance or other reasons. The
lock is retained at the mesial lock keeper 597e or distal lock
keeper 597d by a spring retention element 597f. The spring
retention element 597f is detailed to the bifurcated neck 597g with
a relief radius 597h to prevent high local stresses and cracking.
The middle oblong lock block 597a is actuated with a large leverage
from an offset of an arm 597i offset. An arm kink 597j is designed
for a tight fit along the edge chamfer 597k. The lock is located in
the lock arm recess 597l and can swing from lock stop edge 597m to
lock stop edge 597m. This lock configuration is called a hidden
lock, because the lock is contained in a lock arm recess 597l under
the binding attachment plate 518. In the distal lock position, the
middle oblong lock block 597a is turned 90 degrees out of alignment
with the oblong hole 597o in the lock plug 597p and a lock slot
597q in the convertible plug 504. The binding attachment plate 518,
therefore, cannot pull up away from the convertible plug assembly
510, as an upper contact surface 597v of the middle oblong lock
block 597a interferes with the contact surface 231 on the lock plug
597p or a locking contact surface 597t on the binding attachment
plate 518. The middle oblong lock block 597a transfers compression
between upper and lower contact surfaces 597r, 597u.
[0298] A lower oblong cap block 598a is then assembled by aligning
a stud receiver hole 598b on the sleeve 596b. Anti-rotation flats
598c and 598d are aligned and an optional lower block retainer pin
598e is inserted through the retainer pin holes 598f and 598g. The
lower oblong cap block 598a could also be bonded in place. A guide
chamfer of the lower oblong cap block 598a aids in aligning and
guiding the binding plate assembly 503 with the oblong hole 597o
into the lock plug 597b or the lock slot 597q in the convertible
plug 504. A contact surface 598h transmits compression into the
lower contact surface 597u.
[0299] Referring to FIGS. 69A-71C and 74-76, the convertible plug
504, while unitary in construction, may be thought of as being
comprised of four portions, including a center portion 504a, an end
portion 504b, a ski side 504c, and a snowshoe side 504d. The center
portion 504a extends along the region of constant width. The end
portion 504b extends along the end transition radius to the end
interface surface 599. The ski side 504c also has a primary ski
surface 523 that makes contact with the ground plane 555. In soft
snow or powder, the secondary ski surface 525 will also make
contact with the snow surface as described for the body 506. When
the skier wants to ski without braking action or restraint, weight
is shifted forward, and the binding attachment plate 518 rotates
into the a position in which the primary ski surface 523 and
secondary ski surface 525 of the convertible plug 504 align
themselves with the primary 522 and secondary surfaces 524 of the
body 506. In this position, the smooth bottom convertible ski shoe
500 offers very little resistance to sliding.
[0300] The snowshoe side 504d of the convertible plug 504 has an
outer shell 599a with teeth 552 formed on the edge. These teeth 552
provide traction and gripping. Although the teeth are integral with
the rest of the convertible plug material, an optional metal or
other material insert could be used in an injected molded part to
make the teeth edges more durable and effective. For cost
considerations, however, the integral material approach has
merit.
[0301] The convertible plug 504 can be constructed a number of
ways, the preferred one being a one piece injection molding made
from a toughened or reinforced plastic. Injection molded parts
minimize the touch labor required to set up each part. The
reinforcement could be a longer fiber variety for maximum strength,
stiffness, and damage tolerance at minimal weight. The outer shell
599a, end interface surface 599, lateral ribs 599b, and the pivot
hole rib 599c would be used to stiffen the primary ski surface 523
and secondary ski surface 525. The pivot hole rib 599c could be
better integrated into the lug tooth pad-up 599d to stiffen bending
loads. The lateral ribs 599b and diagonal ribs 599e could be
simplified if the binding attachment plate 518 worked in
conjunction with the convertible plug 504 to form an effective
closed box structure.
[0302] The convertible plug assembly 510 includes a lock plug 597p
(FIG. 72) that is necessary in order to injection mold the part
without a washout mandrel or a trapped cavity. The lock plug ears
599g help to align the part in the barrels 599h. The lock plug 597p
can be aligned properly and bonded into barrels 599h and lands 599i
of a faying surface 2599j to the convertible plug 504. The lock
plug 597p can also be optionally secured into the barrel 599h by
installing a retention pin into the retention pin holes 599k and
599l. The optional metal pivot pin doubler 599m (FIG. 73) is used
as a safely device during tests to insure the pivot pin 562 does
not break out of the convertible plug 504.
[0303] To prevent snow and ice from accumulating in the cavities of
the snowshoe side 504d of the convertible plug 504, an optional
stiff closed foam insert material (not shown) could be molded or
cut to fit snugly into the open cavities between the ribs and the
shell of the convertible plug 504 or the binding attachment plate
518 to provide a light weight inexpensive seal. The foam insert
could be glued in place to keep it secure.
[0304] It is understood that several modifications, changes and
substitutions are intended in the foregoing disclosure and in some
instances some features of the invention will be employed without a
corresponding use of other features. Accordingly, it is appropriate
that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner
consistent with the scope of the invention.
* * * * *