U.S. patent application number 09/243482 was filed with the patent office on 2002-01-17 for fertilizer composition.
Invention is credited to HAYASHI, MASAHARU, KAMEI, MASATOSHI, KURITA, KAZUHIKO, SUZUKI, TADAYUKI, YAMAGUCHI, KATSUHIKO.
Application Number | 20020005053 09/243482 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 26363771 |
Filed Date | 2002-01-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020005053 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
HAYASHI, MASAHARU ; et
al. |
January 17, 2002 |
FERTILIZER COMPOSITION
Abstract
The present invention provides a fertilizer composition which
enables the efficient absorption of a fertilizer such as calcium.
Namely, the present invention provides a fertilizer composition
comprising a specific anionic surfactant or a hydrophilic nonionic
surfactant and a fertilizer as the essential components.
Inventors: |
HAYASHI, MASAHARU;
(WAKAYAMA, JP) ; SUZUKI, TADAYUKI; (WAKAYAMA,
JP) ; KURITA, KAZUHIKO; (WAKAYAMA, JP) ;
KAMEI, MASATOSHI; (WAKAYAMA, JP) ; YAMAGUCHI,
KATSUHIKO; (WAKAYAMA, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON SPIVAK MCCLELLAND MAIER & NEUSTADT PC
FOURTH FLOOR
1755 JEFFERSON DAVIS HIGHWAY
ARLINGTON
VA
22202
US
|
Family ID: |
26363771 |
Appl. No.: |
09/243482 |
Filed: |
February 3, 1999 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
71/11 ; 71/27;
71/64.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C05G 3/50 20200201; C05C
5/04 20130101; C05D 3/00 20130101; C05C 5/04 20130101; C05C 11/00
20130101; C05D 1/00 20130101; C05D 3/00 20130101; C05G 5/23
20200201; C05D 3/00 20130101; C05D 9/00 20130101; C05F 11/00
20130101; C05G 5/23 20200201; C05D 3/00 20130101; C05D 9/00
20130101; C05F 11/00 20130101; C05G 5/23 20200201; C05C 5/04
20130101; C05D 3/00 20130101; C05G 3/50 20200201 |
Class at
Publication: |
71/11 ; 71/27;
71/64.1 |
International
Class: |
C05D 003/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 6, 1998 |
JP |
10-26041 |
Feb 6, 1998 |
JP |
10-26042 |
Claims
1. A fertilizer composition comprising 0.1 to 30% by weight of (A)
at least one anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting
of carboxylic acid type surfactants, sulfuric ester type
surfactants, phosphoric ester type surfactants and
naphthalenesulfonic acid type surfactants or at least one
hydrophilic nonionic surfactant, 1 to 60% by weight of (B) a
fertilizer, and 0.01 to 10% by weight of (C) an organic acid,
exclusive of heptonic acid, or a salt thereof.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the component (C)
has a chelating ability.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid
is a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an aminocarboxylic acid.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid
is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, gluconic
acid, malic acid, ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, ascorbic acid
and oxalic acid.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the salt is a salt
of potassium, sodium, an alkanolamine or an aliphatic amine.
6. The composition according to claim 1, which further contains
water.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is
an organic or inorganic calcium compound.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer is
an organic or inorganic water-soluble calcium compound.
9. A method for improving the absorption efficiency of the
fertilizer (B) for a plant, comprising applying the composition of
claim 1 or 6 to the roots, stems, leaves or fruits of the
plant.
10. A method for supplying the fertilizer (B) to a plant,
comprising applying the composition of claim 1 or 6 to the roots,
stems, leaves or fruits of the plant.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition,
more specifically to a fertilizer composition to be applied or
sprayed to the roots, stems, leaves or fruits of plants for the
purpose of preventing the plants from developing physiological
lesions due to the deficiency of nutrient elements such as
calcium.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Plants require various nutrient elements for their growth,
but such elements are not always present copiously in the soil. It
is known that plants therefore suffer obstruction of growth when
they are not supplied sufficiently with some of the elements. As
respects the three major elements of fertilizer, for example,
nitrogen (N) is a constituent (i.e. component) element of proteins,
phosphorus (P) not only is a constituent (i.e. component) element
of nucleic acids and phospholipids but also fulfills an important
role in the energy metabolism and the synthesis and decomposition
of substances, and potassium (K) discharges physiological functions
of metabolism and mass transfer. Insufficient supply of these main
components (i.e. elements) generally renders the growth of plants
inferior. Further, calcium is an important component constituting
plants themselves and cells thereof and plays the important role of
balancing the metabolism system. It is, however, prone to cause
symptoms of calcium deficiency and induce physiological lesions,
for example, tip rot in tomatoes, core rot in white rapes and
cabbages, bitter pit in apples, and tip burn in strawberries.
[0003] When the soil is deficient in nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium, it is a general practice to incorporate a chemical
fertilizer thereinto. With the purpose of inhibiting the
physiological lesions due to the deficiency of calcium, meanwhile,
many attempts have been made to incorporate inorganic calcium or
the like into the soil to thereby supply calcium to a plant through
its roots. More often than not, however, the calcium thus supplied
is not thoroughly absorbed into the plant because part of the
calcium reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide and escapes
ultimately in the form of calcium carbonate into the underground,
because the calcium reacts with other incorporated chemical
fertilizer and consequently incurs inactivation, and because such a
phenomenon leads to fertilizer application imbalanced between
chemical fertilizer and calcium. Even when the calcium is absorbed
somehow or other through the root of a plant, it often fails to
reach the site at which the physiological lesion actually develops
because this element incurs unusual difficulty in migrating inside
the system of a plant. When it reaches the site at all, it takes a
considerably long time to do so and it therefore fails to exert an
immediate effect on the lesion.
[0004] In recent years, therefore, attempts have been made to
protect plants, which will easily suffer from physiological lesions
due to the deficiency of calcium, from such lesions by spraying a
calcium fertilizer in the form of an aqueous solution directly on
leaves and fruits of the plants.
[0005] Known calcium fertilizers to be applied by the above
technique of foliage spray include such water-soluble calcium salts
as calcium formate (JP-A 59-137384), calcium acetate (JP-A
60-260487), calcium propionate (JP-A 4-202080), calcium chloride
and calcium nitrate and so on. Further, calcium fertilizers
obtained by combining highly soluble calcium salts with lowly
soluble ones have been also known (JP-A 7-10666). Meanwhile,
WO98/06681 publicly opened on Feb. 19, 1998 discloses the addition
of heptonic acid or sodium heptonate and a surfactant to
fertilizers.
[0006] The foliage spray of the aqueous solution of a calcium salt,
however, had the problem of poor absorption efficiency because the
absorption of calcium through the leaves and the fruits of a plant
was generally low. Further, an effort to spray an excess of a
fertilizer such as N, P, K or calcium salts for the purpose of
enhancing the absorption thereof ironically results in imparting
stress to the plant and causing toxic damage to the plant.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The inventors of the present invention have made intensive
studies for the purpose of solving the above problems and have
found that when a fertilizer composition comprising a combination
of a specific anionic surfactant or a hydrophilic nonionic
surfactant with a fertilizer, particularly a calcium compound is
applied to the roots or leaves of a plant in the form of an aqueous
solution or an aqueous dispersion, the plant can efficiently absorb
the fertilizer, particularly calcium. The present invention has
been accomplished on the basis of this finding.
[0008] The present invention provides a fertilizer composition
comprising 0.1 to 30% by weight of (A) at least one anionic
surfactant selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid
type surfactants, sulfuric ester type surfactants, phosphoric ester
type surfactants and naphthalenesulfonic acid type surfactants or
at least one hydrophilic nonionic surfactant, 1 to 60% by weight of
(B) a fertilizer, and 0.01 to 10% by weight of (C) an organic acid,
exclusive of heptonic acid, or a salt thereof. Hereinafter, "an
organic acid, exclusive of heptonic acid, or a salt thereof" means
not only exclusion of heptonic acid but also exclusion of a salt of
heptonic acid.
[0009] That is, the present invention relates to a fertilizer
composition characterized by containing an anionic surfactant
selected from among carboxylic acid type surfactants, sulfuric
ester type surfactants, phosphoric ester type surfactants and
naphthalenesulfonic acid type surfactants or a hydrophilic nonionic
surfactant and a fertilizer as the essential components. In
particular, it provides a fertilizer composition which permits
high-efficiency absorption of the fertilizer into a plant when
sprayed on the leaves of the plant in the form of an aqueous
solution or an aqueous suspension. Herein, the fertilizer is also a
fertilizer-effective component.
[0010] Further, the present invention also provides a method for
improving the absorption efficiency of the fertilizer (B) for a
plant by applying the above fertilizer composition to the roots,
stems, leaves or fruits of the plant.
[0011] Additionally, the present invention provides a method for
supplying the fertilizer (B) to a plant by applying the above
fertilizer composition to the roots, stems, leaves or fruits of the
plant.
[0012] The anionic surfactant to be used in the present invention
is one selected from among carboxylic acid type surfactants,
sulfuric ester type surfactants, phosphoric ester type surfactants
and naphthalenesulfonic acid type surfactants.
[0013] Examples of the carboxylic acid type surfactants include
fatty acids each having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and salts thereof,
polyhydric carboxylic acids and salts thereof, polyoxyalkylene
alkyl ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, polyoxyalkylene
alkylamide ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, rhodinic acid
and salts thereof, dimer acids and salts thereof, polymer acids and
salts thereof, and tall oil fatty acids and salts thereof. Further,
examples of the amino acid type surfactants include acylamino acid
salts, salts of acylsarcosine, acyloylmethylaminopropionic acid
salts, alkylamino-propionic acid salts, and
acylamidoethylhydroxyethyl-methylcarboxylic acid salts; and
examples of the imidazoline type surfactants include
alkylcarboxy-methylhydroxyeth- ylimidazolinium betaines and
alkyl-ethoxycarboxymethylimidazolinium betaines.
[0014] Examples of the sulfuric ester type surfactants include
alkyl sulfates and salts thereof, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfates
and salts thereof, polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates and
salts thereof, tristyrenated phenol sulfates and salts thereof, and
polyoxyalkylene distyrenated phenol sulfates and salts thereof.
[0015] Examples of the phosphoric ester type surfactants include
alkyl phosphates and salts thereof, alkylphenyl phosphates and
salts thereof, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phosphates and salts thereof,
and polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl phosphates and salts thereof.
[0016] Examples of the naphthalenesulfonic acid type surfactants
include alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids, .beta.-naphthalenesulfonic
acid-formalin condensates, and alkylnaphthalenesulfonic
acid-formalin condensates and salts thereof.
[0017] The alkyl or alkenyl chains of these compounds each
generally have 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and the salts thereof include
alkali metal salts (such as Na salts and K salts), ammonium salts,
alkanolamine salts, aliphatic amine salts and so on. Further, the
above anionic surfactants may be used each alone or as a mixture of
two or more of them.
[0018] When any of the above surfactants contains a polyoxyalkylene
group, this group is preferred to be a polyoxyethylene group and
the number of molecules added is preferred to be in the range of 1
to 50.
[0019] The hydrophilic nonionic surfactant to be used in the
present invention is one having an HLB value of 5 or above,
preferably 8 or above, still preferably 10 or above, as calculated
by the Griffin equation. Specific examples thereof include sorbitan
fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan fatty acid esters,
polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene glycerin fatty
acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyalkylene
polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters,
polyoxyalkylene sucrose fatty acid esters, resin acid esters,
polyoxyalkylene resin acid esters, polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers,
polyoxyalkylene alkylphenyl ethers, alkyl (poly)-glucosides and
polyoxyalkylene alkyl (poly)glucosides. These nonionic surfactants
may be used each alone or as a mixture of two or more of them. In
general, the nonionic surfactants each contain as the hydrophobic
group a hydrocarbon group having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. With
respect to nonionic surfactants having polyoxyalkylene groups, the
polyoxyalkylene groups are preferably polyoxyethylene groups
wherein the number of molecules added is 1 to 50, still preferably
8 to 40.
[0020] Further, anionic and nonionic surfactants other than as the
essential components in the present invention, and cationic and
amphoteric surfactants may be used in the present invention in
combination with the essential components.
[0021] The fertilizer composition of the present invention contains
a fertilizer in addition to the above specific anionic surfactant
or hydrophilic nonionic surfactant. Examples of the fertilizer
include inorganic and organic substances containing N, P, K, Ca,
Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl, Si, Na and other elements, among
which calcium compounds are particularly preferable. Examples of
the calcium compounds include inorganic calcium salts such as
calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium carbonate, calcium
sulfate, quick lime and slaked lime; salts of calcium with organic
acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and lactic acid; and salts
of calcium with polyaminocarboxylic acid type chelating agents such
as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and fatty acids, which may be
used also as a mixture of two or more of them. In particular, it is
preferable to use a water-soluble calcium salt such as calcium
chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium formate and calcium
gluconate.
[0022] The fertilizer composition of the present invention
generally comprises the anionic surfactant or the hydrophilic
nonionic surfactant in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by weight and a
fertilizer, particularly a calcium fertilizer in an amount of 1 to
60% by weight (in terms of calcium salt), and may further contain
other optional components and water or a solvent for the balance,
though the formulation thereof may be varied at need.
[0023] The fertilizer composition of the present invention can be
further improved in absorption efficiency by adding thereto an
organic acid having a chelating ability or a salt thereof. In
particular, it is preferable that the organic acid be a
hydroxycarboxylic acid such as citric acid, gluconic acid, malic
acid and heptonic acid, an aminocarboxylic acid, still preferably
one having a plurality of carboxyl groups and amino groups, e.g.,
polyaminocarboxylic acid such as ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid,
ascorbic acid, or a polybasic acid such as oxalic acid. Examples of
the salt include potassium salts, sodium salts, alkanolamine salts
and aliphatic amine salts. Such an organic acid (or salt) may be
contained in the composition in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight,
preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight.
[0024] Although the fertilizer composition of the present invention
may take any form selected from among solutions, flowable powders,
wettable powders (as hydrates), granules (as particles), dusts
(fine powders) and so on, aqueous liquid forms are particularly
preferable from the standpoint of easiness of preparation of a
dilution. In general, the composition is diluted to a conventional
fertilizer concentration, particularly a calcium concentration of 1
ppm to 1%, preferably 50 ppm to 0.5% and then applied to the leaves
or roots of a plant in the form of an aqueous solution, an aqueous
dispersion or an emulsion.
[0025] Various means can be used for the supply of the fertilizer
composition of the present invention to a plant. Examples of the
means include direct spray of a diluted aqueous solution of the
composition on the leaves, stems or fruits of a plant, injection of
the aqueous solution into the soil, and addition of a dilution of
the composition to the culture solution or feed water used in water
culture or rock wool in contact with the roots of a plant.
[0026] The fertilizer composition of the present invention can be
used as sprayed on various field crops and (domestic) garden plants
because it causes no toxic damage to plants and enables plants to
absorb calcium and other fertilizers efficiently.
EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0027] The present invention will now be described by referring to
Examples, though the present invention is not limited by them.
Products 1 to 3 of the invention contain anionic surfactants
according to the present invention, while Products 4 to 9 of the
invention contain nonionic surfactants according to the present
invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[0028] A preparative example of Product 1 of the invention will be
described. Products 2 and 3 of the invention were also prepared
according to the same procedure as that of the above example.
CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O as a calcium source and sodium
gluconate were dissolved in a proper amount of tap water in
concentrations of 25% by weight and 0.5% by weight respectively
based on the final preparation to be formed. The obtained aqueous
solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 with 0.1N hydrochloric acid.
Potassium oleate (a product of Kao Corporation, "FR-14") as an
anionic surfactant was dissolved in the resulting solution in a
concentration of 2% by weight based on the final preparation to be
formed, and then tap water was added thereto to make up to a total
amount of 100%. The preparation thus obtained was a slightly yellow
transparent aqueous solution. For comparison, there were also
formulated preparations (as Comparative products 10 to 12)
comprising only CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O, Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2
or calcium formate respectively, a preparation (as Comparative
product 13) comprising CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O and sodium
heptonate, a preparation (as Comparative product 14) comprising
CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O and sodium citrate, a preparation (as
Comparative product 15) comprising Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2 and sodium
citrate, and a preparation (as Comparative product 16) comprising
Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium
gluconate. The calcium preparations thus obtained were subjected to
the tests which will be described. The formulae of these calcium
preparations are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLE 2
[0029] A preparative example of Product 4 of the invention will be
described. Products 5 to 9 of the invention were also prepared
according to the same procedure as that of the above example.
CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O as a calcium source and sodium
gluconate were dissolved in a proper amount of tap water in
concentrations of 40% by weight and 2% by weight respectively based
on the final preparation to be formed. The obtained aqueous
solution was adjusted to pH 7.0 with 0.1N hydrochloric acid. Alkyl
(lauryl) glucoside (a product of Kao Corporation: Mydol 10) as a
nonionic surfactant was dissolved in the resulting solution in a
concentration of 10% by weight based on the final preparation to be
formed, and then tap water was added thereto to make up to a total
amount of 100%. The preparation thus obtained was a slightly yellow
transparent aqueous solution. For comparison, a preparation (as
Comparative product 17) comprising CaCl.sub.2.multidot.2H.sub.2O
and glycerol monostearate was prepared. The calcium preparations
thus obtained were subjected to the tests which will be described.
The formulae of these calcium preparations are shown in Table
1.
1TABLE 1 Prepar- ation Raw materials Proportions of No. used in
composition mixture (%) Product of the invention 1
CaCl.sub.22H.sub.2O 25 Potassium oleate 2 Sodium gluconate 0.5 2
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 25 Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate 2 Sodium
citrate 0.5 3 Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 30 Sodium salt of
POE(10) lauryl 5 ether acetic acid EDTA.3Na 0.5 4
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Lauryl glucoside 10 Sodium gluconate 2 5
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 POE(20) sorbitan oleate 10 Sodium citrate 5
6 Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Polyglycerin oleic acid ester 20
Sodium citrate 5 7 CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Fatty acid ester of
sucrose (C.sub.16 /C.sub.18) 5 Sodium gluconate 1 8 Calcium formate
10 POE(20) sorbitan laurate 4 Glycerin monooleate 1 Sodium
gluconate 0.5 9 Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 POE(10) oleate 10
EDTA-3Na 1 Comparative product 10 CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 11
Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 12 Calcium formate 15 13
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Sodium heptonate 5 14 CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O
45 Sodium citrate 5 15 Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Sodium
citrate 5 16 Ca(NO.sub.3).sub.2.2H.sub.2O 20 Sodium
dodecylbenzenesulfonate 2 Sodium gluconate 0.5 17
CaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2O 40 Glycerin monostearate 5 The rest of the
mixture is water.
[0030] (note) The abbreviation "POE" in the table stands for
polyoxyethylene and the parenthesized numerals represent the
average numbers of ethylene oxide molecules added.
Test Example 1
Trial Supply of Calcium to Brassica campestris
[0031] Seeds of Brassica campestris (a product of Takii Shubyo
K.K.) were planted in a 50-well cell. After the second leaves had
begun to develop, a dilution of each calcium preparation was
applied to the soil in each experimental plot comprising ten wells
twice a week. This dilution was one prepared by diluting the
calcium preparation to 0.5% in terms of CaO. The dilution was
applied in an amount of about 100 ml per plant growing in ten
wells, which was enough to wet the soil sufficiently (with excess
dilution running out through bottom holes). This test was continued
for four weeks. After the completion of the test, the above-ground
parts of the plants of each plot were collected, thoroughly washed,
freed from the water, and weighed. Then, the Brassica campestris
(ten plants) of each plot were treated in a juicer to collect a
leaf juice. This leaf juice was diluted tenfold and mixed with 6N
hydrochloric acid in equal amounts. The obtained mixture (of 3N
hydrochloric acid) was heat-treated to conduct extraction. The
resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was diluted
50-fold and examined for calcium content by ICP. The calcium
concentrations in the leaves are given in Table 2. Further, the
plants were examined also for toxic damage with the naked eye
according to the following criteria (this analytical method was
employed also in Test Example 2).
[0032] no change
[0033] brown spots accounted for less than 5% of the leaf area,
[0034] brown spots accounted for 5% to less than 20% of the leaf
area,
[0035] brown spots accounted for 20% to less than 50% of the leaf
area,
[0036] brown sports accounted for 50% or above of the leaf
area.
[0037] It can be understood from the above results that the
products of the invention obtained by combining the anionic
surfactants or hydrophilic nonionic surfactants with calcium
components permit further accelerated incorporation of Ca into
Brassica campestris as compared with that of the comparative
products.
2 TABLE 2 Preparation Concentration. of Toxic No. Ca in leaves
(ppm) Damage Aqueous 1735 - dispersion system Product of the
invention 1 3470 - 2 3820 - 3 3468 - 4 3530 - 5 3750 - 6 3485 - 7
3850 - 8 3653 - 9 3384 - Comparative product 10 2564 - 11 2388 - 12
2450 - 13 2483 - 14 2260 - 15 2255 - 16 2986 ++ 17 2605 -
Test Example 2
Trial Foliage Spray of Calcium on Melon
[0038] Seedlings of melon "Earl's" were fix-planted. After the
lapse of ten days from the fix planting, a dilution of each Ca
preparation having a concentration of 0.1% in terms of CaO was
sprayed twice a week eight times in total in an amount of 700 ml
per seedling. After the lapse of ten days from the final spraying,
the seedlings were collected and analyzed (the period of spraying
corresponded to the period ranging from vine elongation stage to
flowering and thickening stage). The analysis was conducted in each
experimental plot comprising three seedlings. The samples for
analysis were prepared according to the method employed in Example
1.
[0039] As shown in Table 3, it can be understood that the products
of the invention obtained by combining the anionic surfactants or
hydrophilic nonionic surfactants with calcium components permit
further accelerated incorporation of Ca into melon as compared with
that of the comparative products.
3 TABLE 3 Preparation CaO of absorption Toxic No. melon (g/seedlin)
Damage Aqueous 3.02 - dispersion system Product of the invention 1
6.34 - 2 6.64 - 3 6.24 - 4 6.11 - 5 6.86 - 6 6.45 - 7 6.84 - 8 6.79
- 9 6.67 - Comparative product 10 4.66 - 11 5.09 - 12 4.33 - 13
4.26 - 14 4.23 - 15 4.11 - 16 5.68 + 17 3.98 -
* * * * *