U.S. patent application number 09/923187 was filed with the patent office on 2002-01-10 for hand soap concentrate, use solution and method for modifying a hand soap concentrate.
This patent application is currently assigned to Ecolab Inc.. Invention is credited to Hodge, Charles A., Uecker, Christopher J..
Application Number | 20020004468 09/923187 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 23800282 |
Filed Date | 2002-01-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020004468 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hodge, Charles A. ; et
al. |
January 10, 2002 |
Hand soap concentrate, use solution and method for modifying a hand
soap concentrate
Abstract
A hand soap concentrate and a hand soap use solution are
provided. The hand soap concentrate is provided with a viscosity of
less than about 200 cps. The hand soap concentrate can be mixed
with an aqueous solution to provide a use solution having a
viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps. A method for modifying a
hand soap concentrate to provide a higher viscosity hand soap use
solution is provided. The hand soap concentrate includes a
surfactant component for removal of soil, and a component for
increasing viscosity with mixing with an aqueous solution.
Inventors: |
Hodge, Charles A.; (Cottage
Grove, MN) ; Uecker, Christopher J.; (Minneapolis,
MN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MERCHANT & GOULD PC
P.O. BOX 2903
MINNEAPOLIS
MN
55402-0903
US
|
Assignee: |
Ecolab Inc.
St. Paul
MN
|
Family ID: |
23800282 |
Appl. No.: |
09/923187 |
Filed: |
August 6, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09923187 |
Aug 6, 2001 |
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09453362 |
Dec 1, 1999 |
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6271187 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
510/133 ;
510/138; 510/159 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/046 20130101;
C11D 1/662 20130101; C11D 1/29 20130101; C11D 17/08 20130101; C11D
1/28 20130101; C11D 1/14 20130101; C11D 17/003 20130101; C11D 1/72
20130101; C11D 3/3707 20130101; C11D 1/90 20130101; C11D 1/94
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
510/133 ;
510/138; 510/159 |
International
Class: |
A61K 007/50 |
Claims
We claim:
1. A hand soap concentrate comprising: about 10 wt. % to about 24
wt. % anionic surfactant; about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % nonionic
surfactant; about 0.25 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % thickener; about 1
wt. % to about 12 wt. % salt; about 6 wt. % to about 25 wt. %
viscosity builder; about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % amphoteric
surfactant; about 2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % humectant; and about 35
wt. % to about 60 wt. % water; wherein the hand soap concentrate
exhibits a viscosity of less than about 200 cps.
2. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1 wherein the anionic
surfactant comprises at least one of alkyl sulfates, alkyl
sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether sulfonates, alkyl
aryl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, aryl sulfates, aryl
sulfonates, sulfated fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
3. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
anionic surfactant is provided in an amount of between about 14 wt.
% and about 20 wt. %.
4. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
nonionic surfactant comprises alkyl polyglucoside having an alkyl
group of between about 8 and about 16 carbon atoms and a degree of
polymerization of between about 0 and about 4.
5. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
nonionic surfactant comprises alkyl polyglucoside in an amount of
between about 2 wt. % and about 7 wt. %.
6. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
thickener comprises a polyalkylene ether diester.
7. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 6, wherein the
polyalkylene ether diester comprises a polyethylene glycol diester
wherein the polyethylene glycol comprises between about 100 and
about 200 ethylene glycol repeating units and the ester comprises
C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 ester.
8. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
thickener comprises polyethylene glycol distearate in an amount of
between about 0.5 wt. % and about 2.0 wt.
9. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the water
is provided in an amount of between about 40 wt. % and about 52 wt.
%.
10. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
humectant comprises at least one of propylene glycol and
glycerol.
11. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
humectant is provided in an amount of between about 4 wt. % and
about 8 wt. %.
12. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
amphoteric surfactant comprises cocamidopropyl betaine.
13. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
amphoteric surfactant is provided in an amount of between about 2
wt. % and about 6 wt. %.
14. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
viscosity builder comprises alkanolamide derived from a fatty
acid.
15. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 14, wherein the
alkanolamide derived from a fatty acid comprises
coco-diethanolamide.
16. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the
viscosity builder is provided in an amount of between about 12 wt.
% and about 20 wt. %.
17. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the salt
comprises at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride,
sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate.
18. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the salt
is provided in an amount of between about 4 wt. % and about 8 wt.
%.
19. A hand soap concentrate comprising: anionic surfactant; alkyl
polyglucoside having an HLB value of between about 10 and about 14;
polyethylene glycol distearate having a weight average molecular
weight of between about 4,000 and about 8,000; water in an amount
sufficient to provide the hand soap concentrate with a viscosity of
less than about 200 cps; and wherein the weight ratio of alkyl
polyglucoside to polyethylene glycol distearate is between about
3:1 and about 4:1.
20. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 19 wherein the
anionic surfactant comprises at least one of alkyl sulfates, alkyl
sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether sulfonates, alkyl
aryl sulfates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, aryl sulfates, aryl
sulfonates, sulfated fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof.
21. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 19, wherein the
alkyl polyglucoside comprises an alkyl group of between about 8 and
about 16 carbon atoms and a degree of polymerization of between
about 0 and about 4.
22. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 19, further
comprising a humectant selected from at least one of propylene
glycol and glycerol.
23. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 17, further
comprising an alkanolamide derived from a fatty acid.
24. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 19, further
comprising an amphoteric surfactant.
25. A hand soap concentrate according to claim 19, further
comprising a salt selected from at least one of sodium chloride,
potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, and potassium sulfate.
26. A hand soap use solution comprising: anionic surfactant; alkyl
polyglucoside having a HLB value of between about 10 and about 14;
polyethylene glycol distearate having a weight average molecular
weight of between about 4,000 and about 8,000; water in an amount
sufficient to provide a viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps;
and wherein the weight ratio of alkyl polyglucoside to polyethylene
glycol distearate is between about 3:1 and about 4:1.
27. A method for modifying a hand soap concentrate to provide a
higher viscosity hand soap use solution, the method comprising
steps of: (a) mixing a hand soap concentrate having a viscosity of
less than about 200 cps with water to provide a hand soap use
solution having a viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps, said
hand soap concentrate comprising: about 10 wt. % to about 24 wt. %
anionic surfactant; about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % nonionic
surfactant; about 0.25 wt. % to about 5.0 wt. % thickener; about 1
wt. % to about 12 wt. % salt; about 6 wt. % to about 25 wt. %
viscosity builder; about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % amphoteric
surfactant; about 2 wt. % to about 12 wt. % humectant; and about 35
wt. % to about 60 wt. % water.
28. A method for modifying a hand soap concentrate to provide a
higher viscosity hand soap use solution, the method comprising
steps of: (a) mixing a hand soap concentrate having a viscosity of
less than about 200 cps with water to provide a hand soap use
solution having a viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps, said
hand soap concentrate comprising: anionic surfactant; alkyl
polyglucoside having a HLB value of between about 10 and about 14;
polyethylene glycol distearate having a weight average molecular
weight of between about 4,000 and about 8,000; water in an amount
sufficient to provide the hand soap concentrate with a viscosity of
less than about 200 cps; and wherein the ratio of alkyl
polyglucoside to polyether glycol distearate is between about 3:1
and about 4:1.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a hand soap concentrate, a hand
soap use solution, and a method for modifying a hand soap
concentrate to provide a higher viscosity hand soap use
solution.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Transportation costs associated with an aqueous diluent
portion of a formulated aqueous product can be a significant part
of the cost of aqueous liquid products. Products, such as
sanitizing or cleaning solutions, when used in large amounts can be
expensive to use due to transportation costs associated with the
aqueous portion. For this reason, many commodity liquid products
are shipped from the manufacturer as an aqueous concentrate, an
aqueous alcoholic concentrate, or as a viscous concentrate to be
diluted in a dispenser with an aqueous diluent at the use locus or
site. For example, liquid detergents and cleaning solutions used in
hospitality locations, institutional or industrial installations
such as hotels, hospitals, restaurants, and the like are often
shipped as liquid concentrates that are mixed and diluted using a
dispensing device at an appropriate ratio to obtain a useful
solution.
[0003] Concentrates can be diluted in many ways, varying from
manually measuring and mixing to utilizing a computer-controlled
dilution device. One common dilution technique involves utilizing a
dispensing device that combines, under mixing conditions, a flow of
concentrate and a flow of diluent. The flow of the liquid diluent
can be directed through an aspirator such that, as the diluent
passes through the aspirator, a negative pressure arises inside the
aspirator drawing the liquid concentrate into the aspirator to mix
with the liquid diluent. Both U.S. Pat. No. 5,033,649 to Copeland,
et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,817,825 to Freese disclose dispensers
having aspirators for diluting liquid concentrates to produce
liquid products in this general way. Such aspirator-type dispensers
have been used for diluting a liquid concentrate of an arbitrary
viscosity with a low viscosity liquid diluent to produce a use
solution of intermediate or low viscosity, i.e., the viscosity of
the product falls between the viscosity of the concentrate and the
diluent.
[0004] A use solution of high viscosity is often desirable.
Increased viscosity can increase clinging ability to surfaces of an
inclined or vertical substrate for more effective and prolonged
contact. In addition, a high viscosity hand soap is often easier to
use and tends to feel better than low viscosity hand soaps.
Relatively viscous use solution made by diluting a low viscosity
liquid concentrate with water to form a high viscosity dilute
product are described in the prior art. For example, see European
Publication No. 0 314 232; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,057,246 to Bertho et
al.; 5,922,667 to van Baggem et al.; and 5,922,664 to Lao et
al.
[0005] A dispenser for dispensing a viscous use solution by
diluting a less viscous concentrate is described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,816,446 to Steindorf, et al. which is assigned to Ecolab Inc. of
Saint Paul, Minn., the assignee of this application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of data from Example
3.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] A hand soap concentrate and a hand soap use solution are
provided by the invention. The hand soap concentrate has a
viscosity of less than about 200 cps, and can be combined with a
diluent to provide a use solution having a viscosity of greater
than 1,000 cps. The viscosity is preferably determined using a
Brookfield viscometer. The diluent is preferably water. By diluting
the liquid concentrate, a use solution having desired properties of
hand feel and lather can be provided.
[0008] The concentrate includes a surfactant component for removing
soil, and another component for increasing the viscosity upon
dilution with a diluent, such as, water. The surfactant component
preferably includes a mixture of anionic surfactant, nonionic
surfactant, and amphoteric surfactant. Preferred anionic
surfactants include alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl ether
sulfates, alkyl ether sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfates, alkyl aryl
sulfonates, aryl sulfates, aryl sulfonates, sulfated fatty acid
esters, and mixtures thereof. Preferred nonionic surfactants
include alkyl polyglucoside surfactants having an HLB value of
between about 10 and about 14. Preferably, the alkyl polyglucoside
surfactant has an alkyl group of between about 8 and about 16
carbon atoms and a degree of polymerization of between about 0 and
about 4. A preferred amphoteric surfactant includes cocamidopropyl
betain.
[0009] Additional components of the hand soap concentrate
preferably include thickener, salt, viscosity builder, humectant
and water. Preferred thickeners include polyalkylene ether
diesters. A preferred polyalkylene ether diester includes
polyethylene glycol diester wherein the polyethylene glycol has
between about 100 and about 200 ethylene glycol repeating units per
molecule and the ester is a C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 ester. Preferred
salts include at least one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride,
sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate. Preferred viscosity builders
include alkanolamide derived from a fatty acid, such as,
coco-diethanolamide. Preferred humectants include at least one of
propylene glycol and glycerol.
[0010] A preferred hand soap concentrate includes an anionic
surfactant, an alkyl polyglucoside having an HLB value of between
about 10 and about 14, a polyethylene glycol distearate having a
weight average molecular weight of between about 4,000 and about
8,000, and water in an amount sufficient to provide the hand soap
concentrate with a viscosity of less than about 200 cps. The alkyl
polyglucoside and polyethylene glycol distearate are preferably
provided at a weight ratio of alkyl polyglucoside to polyethylene
glycol distearate of between about 3:1 and about 4:1.
[0011] A method for modifying a hand soap concentrate to provide a
higher viscosity use solution is provided by the invention. The
concentrate is provided having a viscosity of less than about 200
cps, and is mixed with water to provide a use solution having a
viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps. It should be appreciated
that the water component can be provided as an aqueous
solution.
[0012] It should be appreciated that the hand soap concentrates and
use solutions can be characterized as detergent or soap
concentrates and use solutions, and can be used in applications in
addition to cleaning hands including hair cleaning (shampoos) and
general skin cleaning (body wash).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013] A hand soap concentrate according to the invention can be
provided as a concentrate and processed to provide a use solution
having an increased viscosity relative to the viscosity of the
concentrate. In general, the concentrate should have a viscosity
which allows it to be processed by the dispenser described in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,816,446 to Steindorf, et al., the entire disclosure of
which is incorporated herein by reference. It is generally
desirable to provide the concentrate with a viscosity which allows
an aspirator to move it. Preferably, the viscosity of the
concentrate is less than about 200 cps. The viscosity of the use
solution should be sufficiently high to provide a desirable thick
and rich feel. In general, this corresponds to a use solution
viscosity of greater than about 1,000 cps and more preferably
greater than about 5,000 cps. The reported values of viscosity can
be measured using a Brookfield viscometer.
[0014] The hand soap concentrate includes a surfactant component
for removal of soils, and additional components which provide an
increase in viscosity upon dilution with water. Preferably, the
surfactant component includes anionic, nonionic and amphoteric
surfactants. Preferably, the components which provide an increase
in viscosity upon dilution with water include thickener, salt,
viscosity builder, and humectant. Preservatives, dyes, and
fragrances can be included.
[0015] Anionic surfactants can be useful for obtaining foaming and
cleaning properties. Anionic surfactants useful in the invention
include sulfates, sulfonates, and carboxylates such as alkyl
carboxylate salts. Exemplary anionic surfactants include alkyl
sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates and sulfonates, alkyl
aryl sulfates and sulfonates, aryl sulfates and sulfonates,
sulfated fatty acid esters, and mixtures thereof. Preferred anionic
surfactants include linear alkyl sulfates and sulfonates, and alkyl
aryl sulfates and sulfonates. More preferably the alkyl group in
each instance has a carbon chain length ranging from about
C.sub.6-18, and the preferred aryl group is benzyl. A preferred
anionic surfactant which can be incorporated into the concentrate
of the invention is ammonium lauryl sulfate.
[0016] The anionic surfactant is preferably provided in the
concentrate in an amount of between about 10 wt. % and about 24 wt.
%, and more preferably between about 14 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
It should be appreciated that the amounts of components identified
in this application are provided on a 100% active concentration
unless otherwise specified. When a component is made available at
an active concentration of less than 100%, the amount of the
component which can be provided can be calculated based upon the
amount identified at a 100% active concentration.
[0017] Nonionic surfactants can be useful for obtaining desirable
flow and foam boost properties. Exemplary nonionic surfactants
include alkyl polyglucoside surfactants. The applicants have found
that alkyl polyglucoside surfactants reduce the tendency of the use
solution to clump, and allows the concentrate to pour freely.
Preferred alkyl polyglucoside surfactants include those having an
HLB value of between about 10 and about 14. In generally, when the
HLB value is too low or too high, the concentrate becomes unstable.
Lack of stability can be observed by phase separation within the
temperature range of 40.degree. F. and 120.degree. F. Preferred
alkyl polyglucoside surfactants have an alkyl group of between
about 8 and about 16 carbon atoms, and a degree of polymerization
of between about 0 and 4 glucose units. A preferred alkyl
polyglucoside is available under the name Glucopon 625 from Henkel
Corporation of Ombler, Pa.
[0018] The nonionic surfactant is preferably provided in an amount
which provides the concentrate with desirable flow properties and
foam boost properties. In the concentrate, the amount of nonionic
surfactant is preferably provided in an amount of between about 1
wt. % and about 10 wt. %, and more preferably between about 2 wt. %
and about 7 wt. % based upon a 100% active solution of nonionic
surfactant. Alkyl polyglucoside is commonly available at a 50%
active solution. The amount of alkyl polyglucoside based upon a 50%
active solution is then calculated.
[0019] A thickener is provided which will increase the viscosity of
the use solution upon dilution in water. The thickener provides the
use solution with desirable after-feel properties. Preferred
thickeners include polyalkylene ether diesters. The polyalkylene
ether component is preferably polyethylene glycol having ethylene
glycol repeating units of between about 100 and about 200, and more
preferably between about 130 and 170. The ester components are
preferably C.sub.12 to C.sub.18 diesters including dilaurate and
distearate. Preferred thickeners include polyethylene glycol
distearate and polyethylene glycol dilaurate. In general, the
molecular weight of the thickener should not be so high that the
thickener is insoluble in the concentrate, and should not be so low
that the thickener does not build up sufficient viscosity in the
use solution. Preferably, the thickener exhibits a weight average
molecular weight of between about 4,000 and about 8,000. A
preferred thickener is commonly referred to as PEG 150 distearate
and has a weight average molecular weight of about 6,000. A
commercial form of PEG 150 distearate is available under the name
Calgene 602-S from Lambert Technologies.
[0020] The thickener is preferably provided in the concentrate in
an amount of between about 0.25 wt. % and about 5.0 wt. %.
Preferably, the thickener is provided in the concentrate in an
amount of between about 0.5 wt. % and about 2.0 wt. %.
[0021] The ratio of nonionic surfactant to thickener is preferably
provided so that the concentrate exhibits a viscosity of less than
about 200 cps and the use solution exhibits a viscosity of greater
than about 1,000 cps. Preferably, the ratio of nonionic surfactant
(alkyl polyglucoside) to thickener (polyethylene glycol distearate)
is between about 3:1 and about 4:1.
[0022] The concentrate preferably includes water in an amount
sufficient to keep the concentrate in solution and maintain the
viscosity of the concentrate at or below 200 cps. Increasing the
concentration of water above about 60 wt. %, tends to thicken the
concentrate, and providing less than about 35 wt. % water results
in a concentrate which may become unstable. Preferably, the amount
of water provided in the concentrate is between about 40 wt. % and
about 52 wt. %. It is expected that much of the water will be
provided as a result of its presence in combination with other
components which are used to generate the soap concentrate.
[0023] A salt is included in the concentrate to provide thickening
when additional water is introduced into the concentrate. Preferred
salts provide a pH that remains relatively neutral. It should be
understood that the phrase "relatively neutral" refers to the
concentrate having a pH between about 6 and about 8. Preferred
salts are those which do not shift the pH too dramatically.
Exemplary salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium
sulfate, and potassium sulfate. In order to provide the use
solution with a sufficiently high viscosity, the salt component is
preferably provided in the concentrate in an amount of between
about 1 wt. % and about 12 wt. %, and more preferably in an amount
of between about 4 wt. % and about 8 wt. %.
[0024] The concentrate can include a viscosity builder which
provides for thickening when the concentrate is diluted with water.
Preferred viscosity builders are alkanolamides derived from fatty
acids. A preferred alkanolamide is cocodiethanolamide. Preferably,
the viscosity builder is provided in the concentrate in an amount
of between about 6 wt. % and about 25 wt. %, and more preferably in
an amount of between about 12 wt. % and about 20 wt. %.
[0025] The concentrate preferably includes an amphoteric
surfactant. The amphoteric surfactant is provided for generating
lather. Preferred amphoteric surfactants include betaine
derivatives. A preferred betaine derivative is cocamidopropyl
betaine. The amphoteric surfactant is preferably used in the
concentrate in an amount of between about 1 wt. % and about 10 wt.
%, and more preferably in an amount of between 2 wt. % and about 6
wt. %.
[0026] In order for the amphoteric surfactant to function as a
lathering agent, it is desirable to provide the concentrate at a
relatively neutral pH. Preferably, the pH of the concentrate is
between about 6 and about 8 and the pH of the use solution is below
about 7. Accordingly, buffering agents can be used to provide the
concentrate with a pH between about 6 and about 8 and the use
solution with a pH below about 7. Preferred buffering agents
include a lactic acid and citric acid. The amount of buffering
agent is incorporated to provide the desired pH.
[0027] The concentrate preferably includes a humectant to reduce
skin irritation. Too much humectant can cause instability in the
concentrate, and too little humectant can result in a thickened
concentrate which does not flow through diluting apparatus.
Preferably, the humectant is provided in the concentrate in an
amount of between about 2 wt. % and about 12 wt. %, and more
preferably in an amount of between about 4 wt. % and about 8 wt. %.
Exemplary humectants include propylene glycol, glycerol, mixtures
of propylene glycol and glycerol, and humectants containing small
amounts of propylene glycol and/or glycerol.
[0028] A preservative can be incorporated into the concentrate. It
should be understood that the invention can be practiced without
the use of a preservative. When a preservative is used, it is
preferably used in an amount which provides preservative properties
in the use solution. For most commercially available preservatives,
the amount of preservative provided in the concentrate is between
about 0 and about 4 wt. %, and more preferably between about 0.01
wt. % and about 2 wt. %. A preferred preservative is polymethoxy
bicyclic oxazolidine which is available under the name Nuosept C
from Costec, Inc.
[0029] Additional components which can be incorporated into the
concentrate include dyes and fragrances. The dyes and fragrances
which can be used in the concentrate include those dyes and
fragrances which are conventionally available. Dyes which can be
used according to the invention are disclosed in Colour Index:
Pigments and Solvent Dyes: Third Edition, published by the Society
of Dyers and Colourists in 1989. Fragrances which can be used
according to the invention include those disclosed in Common
Fragrances and Flavour Materials: Second Edition, by VCH
Publishers, published 1990.
[0030] Provided in Table 1 is a preferred composition of the hand
soap concentrate according to the invention. The composition
identified in Table 1 can include a sufficient amount of a
buffering agent to provide the concentrate with a pH of between
about 6 and about 8. If ammonium laureth sulfate is included in the
concentrate, the buffer is preferably provided in an amount to
provide the concentrate with a pH of below about 7.
1TABLE 1 Component Range Preferred Range anionic surfactant 10 wt.
% to 24 wt. % 14 wt. % to 20 wt. % nonionic surfactant 1 wt. % to
10 wt. % 2 wt. % to 7 wt. % thickener 0.25 wt. % to 5.0 wt. % 0.5
wt. % to 2.0 wt. % salt 1 wt. % to 12 wt. % 4 wt. % to 8 wt. %
viscosity builder 6 wt. % to 25 wt. % 12 wt. % to 20 wt. %
amphoteric 1 wt. % to 10 wt. % 2 wt. % to 6 wt. % surfactant
humectant 2 wt. % to 12 wt. % 4 wt. % to 8 wt. % preservative 0 to
4 wt. % 0.01 wt. % to 2 wt. % dye 0 to 0.2 wt. % 0.01 wt. % to 0.1
wt. % fragrance 0 to 1 wt. % 0.01 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % water 35 wt. %
to 60 wt. % 40 wt. % to 52 wt. %
EXAMPLE 1
[0031] This example provides a comparison of flash foam, overall
lather and clumping properties of five hand soap compositions. In
general, flash foam refers to the foam generated on a user's hands
one or two seconds after initiating scrubbing. Overall lather
refers to the foam present at the end of the hand wash. Clumping
refers to the presence, in the use solution, of clumps which
inhibit the free flow of the use solution.
[0032] The compositions of the five tested concentrates are
provided in Table 2 where each component is identified by a weight
percent. The concentrates were diluted with tap water to provide
use solution containing 13 wt. % concentrate and 87 wt. % tap
water.
[0033] The use solutions were evaluated by a panel of 25
individuals. Each panelist was asked to wash his or her hands with
a standard hand soap to ensure a consistent soil level from
panelist to panelist. Each panelist was then asked to evaluate, in
a random order, each hand soap for quick foam and overall lather on
a scale of one to five where one represents poor properties and
five represents excellent properties. With respect to the
evaluation of clumping, the higher numbers refer to a decrease in
the observation of clumping. The results are reported in Table 2 as
average values.
[0034] Formulation 1 is liquid concentrate hand soap from Costec,
Inc. Formulation 1 provides a hand soap use solution which exhibits
an undesirable degree of clumping. That is, the use solution does
not flow sufficiently well over a user's hands and does not
solubilize with water very easily. Formulations 2-5 were provided
to improve the clumping property exhibited by the use solution
generated from formulation 1. In Formulation 2, a nonionic
surfactant, sorbitan monooleate, was added. In Formulation 3, the
amount of anionic surfactant (ammonium laureth sulfate) was
increased and the amount of thickener (polyethylene glycol
distearate) was decreased. In Formulation 4, a fluorosurfactant was
added. In Formulation 5, nonionic surfactant (lauryl polyglucose)
was added.
2 TABLE 2 Formulation 1 Formulation 2 Formulation 3 Formulation 4
Formulation 5 deionized water 40.2 41.1 40.1 40.7 41 sodium
chloride 8.8 7.9 7 8 7 propylene glycol 6 5.4 6 6 6 ammonium
laureth 18.4 16.6 23.1 18.4 17.3 sulfate.sup.1 polyethylene glycol
3.6 3.2 1.4 2.5 1.4 distearate.sup.2 diethanol coconut 16.2 14.6
16.2 16.2 16.2 amide.sup.3 cocamidopropyl 4.8 4.3 4.8 4.8 4.8
betaine.sup.4 fluorosurfactant.sup.5 1 lactic acid (88%).sup.6 1
0.5 0.2 1 0.2 polymethoxy 1 0.9 0.9 1 0.9 bicyclic
oxazolidine.sup.7 dye 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 sorbitan monooleate 4.5
fragrance 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 lauryl polyglucose.sup.8 4.8 flash foam
(average) 1.9 2 2.9 1.5 3.2 overall lather 2 2.4 3.1 2.1 3.5
(average) clumping (average) 2.3 1.9 2.9 3.5 3.7 Example 2 This
panel experiment was provided to compare the flash foam and overall
lather properties of hand soaps. .sup.1Ammonium laureth sulfate is
available under the name Sulfochem EA-60 from Chemron.
.sup.2Polyethylene glycol distearate is available under the name
Calgene 602-S from Lambert Technologies. .sup.3Diethanol coconut
amide is available under the name Amidex CE from Chemron.
.sup.4Cocamidopropyl betaine is available under the name Betaine
Cap 8-35 from Deforest. .sup.5Fluorosurfactant is available under
the name Zonyl from DuPont. .sup.6Lactic acid is available under
the name Purac HQ-88 from Purac. .sup.7Polymethoxy bicyclic
oxazolidine is available under the name Nuocept C from Costec, Inc.
.sup.8Lauryl polyglucose is available under the name Glucopon 625
UP from Henkel.
[0035] A panel of 25 individuals was asked to evaluate three hand
soaps for quick foam and overall lather. The first hand soap was
prepared from the concentrate shown in Table 3 as Concentrate 1.
The second hand soap was prepared from a concentrate identified in
Table 3 as Concentrate 2. Concentrates 1 and 2 were each mixed with
tap water to provide use solutions containing 13 wt. % concentrate
and 87 wt. % tap water. The third hand soap was provided as a
ready-to-use product having the formulation identified in Table 3.
The ready-to-use product is considered a premium hand soap
product.
[0036] Each panelist was first asked to wash his or her hands with
a standard hand soap to ensure a consistent soil level from
panelist to panelist. Each panelist was then asked to evaluate, in
random order, each hand soap for flash foam and overall lather on a
scale of one to five where one corresponds to poor properties and
five corresponds to excellent properties. The results are reported
in Table 3.
3 TABLE 3 Concentrate Ready-To-Use 1 Concentrate 2 Product
deionized water 36.5 41 76.6 sodium chloride 7 7 0.5 propylene
glycol 5.6 6 0.6 ammoniumlaureth 23.1 17.3 sulfate sodium lauryl
ether 1.2 ethoxylate polyethylene glycol 2.4 1.4 distearate
diethanol coconut amide 16.2 16.2 cocamidopropyl betaine 4.8 4.8
polyethylene glycol 1 mono laurate lactic acid 1 0.2 polymethoxy
bicyclic 1 0.9 oxazolidine dye 0.1 0.1 0.1 sorbitan monooleate
fragrance 0.4 0.4 0.2 lauryl polyglucose 4.8 20.5
chloro-dichlorophenoxy 0.6 phenol flash foam (average 2.4 2.9 3.2
overall lather (average) 2.9 3.1 3.8
EXAMPLE 3
[0037] This panel experiment was designed to evaluate the flash
foam and overall lather properties of hand soap. For the purposes
of this experiment, flash foam refers to the foam generated with
the first scrub. Overall lather refers to the foam which is
generated during the hand washing process until just prior to
rinsing.
[0038] A panel of 25 individuals was used to evaluate five use
solution hand soaps made up from concentrates which varied from the
base concentrate formula in the levels of four materials. The raw
materials that were varied for this experiment were: lauryl
polyglucose, sodium chloride, lauryl amine sulfate and PEG 150
Distearate. The base concentrate is identified as Formulation 5 in
Table 2.
[0039] The concentrates (1-5) in Table 3 were prepared from the
base concentrate by adding lauryl polyglucose, sodium chloride,
polyethylene glycol, and ammonium lauryl ether. The amount of each
component added to the base concentrate is identified in Table 4.
Use solutions were prepared by diluting each concentrate with water
to provide a use solution containing 13 wt. % concentrate and 87
wt. % water.
4TABLE 4 lauryl sodium ammonium Concentrate polyglucose chloride
PEG lauryl ether 1 7.05 8 0.75 19.2 2 2.00 8 2.25 13.2 3 4.03 6
1.50 16.2 4 7.00 4 2.25 19.2 5 2.00 4 0.75 19.2
[0040] Each panelist was first asked to wash his or her hands with
a standard hand soap to ensure a consistent soil level from
panelist to panelist. Each panelist was then asked to evaluate, in
a random order, each hand soap for quick foam and lather on a scale
of one to five where one equals poor foam and five equals excellent
foam. The results were tabulated and averaged and the standard
deviation calculated. The results are provided in Table 5 and FIG.
1.
5 TABLE 5 hand hand hand hand hand soap 1 soap 2 soap 3 soap 4 soap
5 overall 3.76 2.44 4.24 4.52 3.04 lather flash 3 2.12 3.96 3.08
3.08 foam
[0041] The above specification, examples and data provide a
complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition
of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be
made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
* * * * *