U.S. patent application number 09/850297 was filed with the patent office on 2002-01-03 for progressive-power multifocal lens.
Invention is credited to Yanari, Mitsuhiro.
Application Number | 20020001062 09/850297 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 18645456 |
Filed Date | 2002-01-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20020001062 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yanari, Mitsuhiro |
January 3, 2002 |
Progressive-power multifocal lens
Abstract
A progressive-power multifocal lens whose far-vision portion
dioptric power is minus, which has, along a principal meridian
curve, a far-vision correction portion, a near-vision correction
portion, a progressive-power portion between the far-vision
correction portion and the near-vision correction portion. Where a
base curve is represented by BC; a mean surface refracting power at
an arbitrary point on the progressive-power multifocal surface,
located at a distance of x (mm) from a far-vision portion eyepoint
in the horizontal direction in wear of spectacles and located at a
distance of y (mm) from the far-vision portion eyepoint in the
vertical direction in wear of spectacles, by P (x,y) (diopter); and
a mean surface additional refracting power obtained by subtracting
the base curve BC from the mean surface refracting power, by
.DELTA.P(x,y){=P(x,y)-BC} (diopter); the lens fulfills the
condition of .DELTA.P(x,y)>0 (1) in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the far-vision
correction portion.
Inventors: |
Yanari, Mitsuhiro; (Tokyo,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Mitchell W. Shapiro
Miles & Stockbridge P.C.
Suite 500
1751 Pinnacle Drive
McLean
VA
22102-3833
US
|
Family ID: |
18645456 |
Appl. No.: |
09/850297 |
Filed: |
May 8, 2001 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
351/159.42 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02C 7/061 20130101;
G02C 7/065 20130101; G02C 7/063 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
351/169 ;
351/168 |
International
Class: |
G02C 007/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 10, 2000 |
JP |
2000-137731 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A progressive-power multifocal lens whose far-vision portion
dioptric power is minus, which comprises, along a principal
meridian curve which divides the refracting surface of the lens
into a nasal-side portion and a temporal-side portion; a far-vision
correction portion which deals with a long distance; a near-vision
correction portion which deals with a short distance; and a
progressive-power portion which connects the refracting power
continuously between the far-vision correction portion and the
near-vision correction portion at the surfaces of the both
portions; wherein; where a base curve is represented by BC; a mean
surface refracting power at an arbitrary point on the
progressive-power multifocal surface, located at a distance of x
(mm) from a far-vision portion eyepoint in the horizontal direction
in wear of spectacles and located at a distance of y (mm) from the
far-vision portion eyepoint in the vertical direction in wear of
spectacles, by P (x,y) (diopter); and a mean surface additional
refracting power obtained by subtracting the base curve BC from the
mean surface refracting power, by .DELTA.P(x,y){=P(x,y)-BC}
(diopter); the lens fulfills the condition of .DELTA.P(x,y)>0
(1) in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the far-vision
correction portion.
2. The progressive-power multifocal lens according to claim 1,
which fulfills the condition
of0.005.ltoreq..DELTA.P(x,y)/(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup-
.1/2.ltoreq.0.120 (2) in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2){fraction (1/2)}.ltoreq.20 in the
far-vision correction portion.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent
application No. 2000-137731 which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] This invention relates to a progressive-power multifocal
lens, and more particularly to a progressive-power multifocal lens
used to assist the ability of accommodation of the eye.
[0004] 2. Related Background Art
[0005] Single-vision lenses, bifocal lenses or progressive-power
multifocal lenses are used to correct presbyopia. Of these lenses,
in particular, the progressive-power multifocal lenses make it
unnecessary to put on and put off spectacles between those for far
vision and those for near vision, and also have an external
appearance having no boundary line like that of bifocal lenses.
Accordingly, in recent years, there is a reasonably increasing
demand for the progressive-power multifocal lenses.
[0006] The progressive-power multifocal lenses are spectacle lenses
for assisting the ability of accommodation of the eye when it grows
weak to make the near vision difficult. The progressive-power
multifocal lenses commonly have a far-vision correction portion and
a near-vision correction portion which are positioned at the upper
part and the lower part, respectively, of a lens at wear of
spectacles (hereinafter, the former is often "far-vision portion"
and the latter often "near-vision portion"), and a
progressive-power portion where the refracting power changes
continuously, positioned between the both portions (hereinafter
often "intermediate portion"). Incidentally, in the present
specification, terms "upper part", "lower part", "horizontal" and
"vertical" describe the positional relationship of a lens at wear
of spectacles. For example, the lower part of the far-vision
portion is meant to be the portion close to the intermediate
portion within the region of the far-vision portion.
[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates an outline of regional sections of a
progressive-power multifocal lens which are designed symmetrically.
The progressive-power multifocal lens shown in FIG. 1 has a
far-vision portion F and a near-vision portion N which are
positioned at the upper part and the lower part, respectively, of
the lens at wear of spectacles, and an intermediate portion P where
the refracting power changes continuously, positioned between the
both portions. With regard to the shape of lens surface, a line of
intersection M-M' where a cross section along the meridian which
runs vertically through substantially the middle of lens surface
from the upper part to the lower part intersects with the
object-side (the side opposite to the eye) lens surface is used as
a reference line for representing specification such as additional
power of lenses. In the progressive-power multifocal lenses thus
designed symmetrically, the center of far-vision portion, OF, of
the far-vision portion F, the far-vision eyepoint E which is a
fitting point, the geometric center of lens surface, OG, and the
center of near-vision portion, ON, are positioned on the center
line M-M' serving as a reference.
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an outline of regional sections of a
progressive-power multifocal lens which are designed
asymmetrically, taking account of the fact that the center of
near-vision portion, ON, of a lens comes close to the nasal side in
wear of spectacles (this lens is hereinafter "asymmetrical
progressive-power multifocal lens"). In the asymmetrical
progressive-power multifocal lens shown in FIG. 2, too, the center
line M-M' consisting of a line of intersection where a cross
section which passes along the center of far-vision portion, OF, of
the far-vision portion F, the far-vision eyepoint E, the geometric
center of lens surface, OG, and the center of near-vision portion,
ON, intersects with the object-side lens surface is used as a
reference line.
[0009] In the present specification, these reference lines are
generically called "principal meridian curve". The center of the
far-vision portion F and the center of the near-vision portion are
positions used as references when lens dioptric power is measured.
A distance (far-vision) portion measurement reference point is
called the center of far-vision portion, OF, and a near-portion
measurement reference point is called the center of near-vision
portion, ON. Also, mean surface refracting power at the the center
of far-vision portion, OF, is regarded as a base curve, and mean
dioptric power in respect of a light ray which passes through the
center of far-vision portion, OF, is regarded as reference mean
dioptric power at the far-vision portion (hereinafter "far-vision
portion dioptric power). Usually, the center of near-vision
portion, ON, is in agreement with the near-vision eyepoint. Note,
however, that the center of far-vision portion and the center of
near-vision portion which are herein referred to are meant not to
be geometric centers in the respective portions but to be
functional centers in the measurement of lenses and at wear of
spectacles.
[0010] In the present specification, mean surface refracting power
(hereinafter often "surface refracting power") and surface
astigmatism are expressed by the following equations (a) and (b),
respectively, where a maximum main curvature at an arbitrary point
on the progressive-power multifocal surface is represented by
.psi.max, a minimum main curvature by .psi.min, and a refractive
index of a lens by n.
Surface refracting power=(.psi.max+.psi.min).times.(n-1)/2 (a)
Surface astigmatism=(.psi.max-.psi.min).times.(n-1) (b)
[0011] In the present specification, mean dioptric power and
astigmatism are expressed by the following equations (c) and (d),
respectively, where maximum dioptric power in respect of a light
ray having passed through an arbitrary point on the
progressive-power multifocal surface is represented by Dmax, and
minimum dioptric power by Dmin.
Mean dioptric power=(Dmax+Dmin)/2 (c)
Astigmatism=(Dmax-Dmin) (d)
[0012] In the present specification, mean surface additional
refracting power (hereinafter often "surface additional refracting
power") refers to surface refracting power found by subtracting the
base curve from the surface refracting power at an arbitrary point
on the progressive-power multifocal surface. Also, mean additional
dioptric power (hereinafter often "additional dioptric power")
refers to dioptric power found by subtracting far-vision portion
dioptric power from the mean dioptric power (hereinafter often
"dioptric power") in respect of a light ray which passes through an
arbitrary point on the progressive-power multifocal surface.
[0013] In the progressive-power multifocal lens, a plus surface
refracting power (or dioptric power) is continuously added toward
the center of near-vision portion, ON, from the center of
far-vision portion, OF, on the principal meridian curve M-M' which
passes substantially the geometric center of the lens. The value
found by subtracting the surface refracting power (or dioptric
power) of the center of far-vision portion, OF, from the surface
refracting power (or dioptric power) of the center of near-vision
portion, ON, at which this surface additional refracting power (or
additional dioptric power) comes to be maximum is called additional
power of the progressive-power multifocal lens. In the
progressive-power multifocal lens, what is ideal is a lens having
distinct vision in a wide range and less crooked or distorted view
in all regions of the far-vision portion F, the intermediate
portion P and the near-vision portion N.
[0014] Now, in conventional progressive-power multifocal lenses,
discussion has been made chiefly on optical characteristics of the
progressive-power multifocal surface (refracting surface). More
specifically, the performance of progressive-power multifocal
lenses has often been evaluated on, e.g., their distribution of
surface refracting power (or distribution of surface additional
refracting power) and distribution of astigmatism at the
progressive-power multifocal surface. Accordingly, design engineers
have chiefly aimed at attaining distribution of surface refracting
power adapted to purposes, widely ensuring the portion having
astigmatism not greater than a stated value, i.e., the region
called a distinct-vision range and also making the maximum value of
astigmatism as small as possible taking account of any deformed,
crooked or distorted view, at the progressive-power multifocal
surface.
[0015] In actual spectacle lenses, however, the optical
characteristics of the progressive-power multifocal surfaces of
lenses do not necessarily coincide with optical characteristics the
lenses may have when those who wear spectacles use the lenses.
Accordingly, in recent years, in order to more improve optical
performance perceived when those who wear spectacles use lenses
actually, it has come to make evaluation of not only optical
characteristics of the progressive-power multifocal surface but
also optical performance in a state closer to the state where
spectacles are worn, i.e., to make evaluation of optical
performance on the basis of light rays having passed through the
lenses.
[0016] In general, the relationship between lens curvature and lens
dioptric power that may make minimum the astigmatism of light rays
having passed through a lens can be obtained from, e.g.,
Tscherning's Ellipse. That is, it is well known that, as curvature
of each surface of a lens, combination of optimum curvature
obtained by the Tscherning's Ellipse may be selected so that any
astigmatism can be kept from occurring at the border of the lens.
However, when any combination of optimum curvature obtained by the
Tscherning's Ellipse is used, the base curve may have so large
curvature that the lens also tends to have a large thickness.
Accordingly, in progressive-power multifocal lenses available in
recent years, it has become prevailing that curvature which is
smaller than the curvature obtained from the combination of optimum
curvature is selected as the base curve.
[0017] Hence, between the distribution of surface refracting power
or distribution of astigmatism at the progressive-power multifocal
surface and the distribution of dioptric power or astigmatism in
respect of light rays having passed through the lens to enter the
eye of those who wear spectacles, what shows an equal tendency is
limited, in many cases, to the portion where light rays coming from
an object is incident at angles almost perpendicular to the lens
surface, i.e., the portion of the optical axis of the lens and the
vicinity thereof, such as the fitting point of the lens and the
vicinity thereof. In contrast thereto, light rays which come
through positions distant from the optical axis of the lens and
enter the eye of those who wear spectacles is incident obliquely to
the lens surface. Hence, it follows that light rays which pass
through the lens at its positions where the surface refracting
power of the lens surface is equal to the base curve and the
astigmatism is substantially zero also stand deviated in dioptric
power from the far-vision portion dioptric power serving as a
reference when they pass through the lens, and enter the eye of
those who wear spectacles, in the state where astigmatism has
occurred. This tendency varies depending on curvature, center
thickness and so forth of prescribed surfaces of the lens and
moreover becomes greater at positions coming nearer to the border
of the lens. Accordingly, it becomes necessary to design
progressive-power multifocal surface which has been made optimum
taking account of various conditions such as base curve, power and
so forth of the lens.
[0018] Recently, in progressive-power multifocal lenses, techniques
are proposed in which optical performance is evaluated on the basis
of such light rays. In such prior art, however, a portion having an
astigmatism not greater than a stated level, stated specifically, a
region where the astigmatism is not greater than 0.50 diopter is
defined to be a distinct-vision range, and discussion has almost
been made only on how to ensure this distinct vision in a wide
range. More specifically, in the prior art, discussion is little
made on how to make optimum the distribution of dioptric power or
distribution of additional dioptric power.
[0019] In order to widen the distinct-vision range in wear of
spectacles, it is important and necessary to control the
astigmatism to a low level. Especially with regard to the
far-vision portion, it can not be said to be sufficient if the
distinct-vision range is defined only by the level of astigmatism.
More specifically, in a region where the dioptric power stands
deviated greatly from any prescribed far-vision portion dioptric
power, a view may blur because of a dioptric-power error even if
the astigmatism is not greater than the stated level commonly
defined to be the distinct-vision range (stated specifically, the
region where the astigmatism is not greater than 0.50 diopter).
Hence, those who wear spectacles can not distinctly see any objects
at a long distance. The influence due to the dioptric-power error
at the far-vision portion for seeing objects at a long distance is
greater than any influence due to a dioptric-power error at the
near-vision portion for seeing objects at a short distance.
Accordingly, it is more greatly important for the far-vision
portion to be designed taking account of any dioptric-power error,
deviated from the stated far-vision portion dioptric power, than
for the near-vision portion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The present invention was made taking account of the above
problems. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to
provide, in progressive-power multifocal lenses whose far-vision
portion dioptric power is minus, a progressive-power multifocal
lens in which the level of deviation of dioptric power, i.e., the
dioptric-power error, from far-vision portion dioptric power at the
far-vision portion can be controlled to a small value over a wide
range and the optical performance in wear of spectacles can be set
well.
[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a
progressive-power multifocal lens that may less cause any blur of
views due to the dioptric-power error and can widely ensure the
distinct-vision range.
[0022] To achieve the above objects, the present invention provides
a progressive-power multifocal lens whose far-vision portion
dioptric power is minus, which comprises, along a principal
meridian curve which divides the refracting surface of the lens
into a nasal-side portion and a temporal-side portion;
[0023] a far-vision correction portion which deals with a long
distance;
[0024] a near-vision correction portion which deals with a short
distance; and
[0025] a progressive-power portion which connects the refracting
power continuously between the far-vision correction portion and
the near-vision correction portion at the surfaces of the both
portions;
[0026] wherein;
[0027] where a base curve is represented by BC; a mean surface
refracting power at an arbitrary point on the progressive-power
multifocal surface, located at a distance of x (mm) from a
far-vision portion eyepoint in the horizontal direction in wear of
spectacles and located at a distance of y (mm) from the far-vision
portion eyepoint in the vertical direction in wear of spectacles,
by P (x,y) (diopter); and a mean surface additional refracting
power obtained by subtracting the base curve BC from the mean
surface refracting power, by .DELTA.P(x,y){=P(x,y)-BC}
(diopter);
[0028] the lens fulfills the condition of
.DELTA.P(x,y)<0 (1)
[0029] in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.lto- req.20 in the far-vision
correction portion.
[0030] According to a preferred embodiment of the present
invention, the lens fulfills the condition of
0.005.ltoreq..DELTA.P(x,y)/(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/3.ltoreq.0.120
(2)
[0031] in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.lto- req.20 in the far-vision
correction portion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates an outline of regional sections of a
progressive-power multifocal lens which are designed
symmetrically.
[0033] FIG. 2 illustrates an outline of regional sections of a
progressive-power multifocal lens which are designed
asymmetrically, taking account of the fact that the center of
near-vision portion, ON, of a lens comes close to the nasal side in
wear of spectacles.
[0034] FIG. 3 is a view showing a progressive-power multifocal lens
for the left eye according to an embodiment of the present
invention, and illustrates horizontal section curves shown by lines
of intersection of planes vertical to the principal meridian curve
with refracting surfaces.
[0035] FIG. 4 shows surface additional refracting power
distribution along horizontal section curves H1 to H7 at the
far-vision portion of a progressive-power multifocal lens used as a
comparative example for the embodiment of the present
invention.
[0036] FIG. 5 shows surface additional dioptric power distribution
in respect of light rays passing through a progressive-power
multifocal lens according to the comparative example.
[0037] FIG. 6 shows surface additional refracting power
distribution along horizontal section curves H1 to H7 at the
far-vision portion of a progressive-power multifocal lens according
to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0038] FIG. 7 shows surface additional dioptric power distribution
in respect of light rays passing through a progressive-power
multifocal lens according to the embodiment of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0039] Commonly available progressive-power multifocal lenses have
a plurality of base curves within the manufacture range of from a
plus dioptric power to a minus dioptric power. Ideally speaking, it
is most preferable for those who wear spectacles if the lens can
have progressive-power multifocal surface which is optimum for each
far-vision portion dioptric power. However, taking account of
circumstances of manufacture and advantages on cost, identical
progressive-power multifocal surfaces are usually used in common
within the range of stated values of far-vision portion dioptric
power.
[0040] In the case of progressive-power multifocal lenses whose
far-vision portion dioptric power is minus, they commonly have a
smaller curvature of the base curve than that of progressive-power
multifocal lenses whose far-vision portion dioptric power is plus,
and also have a base curve curvature which becomes smaller as the
manufacture range comes to be of minus dioptric power. Accordingly,
in order to attain a good optical performance in respect of
transmitted light rays, it is necessary to make the
progressive-power multifocal surface optimum in conformity with the
manufacture range and the curvature of the base curve.
[0041] In the case of such progressive-power multifocal lenses
whose far-vision portion dioptric power is minus, where the surface
additional refracting power distribution on the progressive-power
multifocal surface is so designed as to become substantially equal
to the base curve, a dioptric power which is more minus to the
far-vision portion dioptric power at the border of the far-vision
portion tends to be added to the additional dioptric power
distribution in respect of transmitted light rays. As the result,
regions of negative over-correction are made up at the border of
the far-vision portion to cause problems such that the lens has a
narrow distinct-vision range, has a narrow region for the dioptric
power which should originally be added to the intermediate portion
or near-vision portion, and has a narrow intermediate portion or
near-vision portion in practical use.
[0042] Accordingly, with regard to the additional dioptric power
distribution of transmitted light rays at the far-vision portion,
in order to make it substantially equal to the far-vision portion
dioptric power over a wide region so as to fulfill the conditions
of the distinct-vision range, it is necessary to add a plus
dioptric power to the border of the far-vision portion. This has
been found to be achievable by adding to the far-vision portion a
minus surface refracting power under certain conditions for the
base curve. Thus, in the progressive-power multifocal lens of the
present invention, a wide distinct-vision range can be attained
over the whole far-vision portion by imparting a plus surface
additional refracting power to a far-vision portion distant by 15
mm or more from the far-vision portion eyepoint.
[0043] More specifically, in the present invention, where a base
curve is represented by BC; a mean surface refracting power at an
arbitrary point on the progressive-power multifocal surface,
located at a distance of x (mm) from a far-vision portion eyepoint
in the horizontal direction in wear of spectacles and located at a
distance of y (mm) from the far-vision portion eyepoint in the
vertical direction in wear of spectacles, by P (x,y) (diopter); and
a mean surface additional refracting power obtained by subtracting
the base curve BC from the mean surface refracting power, by
.DELTA.P(x,y){=P(x,y)-BC} (diopter);
[0044] the lens fulfills the condition of the following condition
(1) in a region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the far-vision
portion.
.DELTA.P(x,y)>0 (1)
[0045] Here, the lower limit of the condition (1) may preferably be
set to be 0.10.
[0046] In the present invention, in order to ensure a wider
distinct-vision range at the far-vision portion, the lens may
preferably fulfill the following condition (2) in a region which
satisfies 15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the
far-vision correction portion.
0.005.ltoreq..DELTA.P(x,y)/(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.0.120
(2)
[0047] If the lens has a value smaller than the lower-limit value
of the condition (2), the additional dioptric power may
insufficiently be corrected to make broad the negative correction
portion in the far-vision portion. As the result, the lens may have
a narrow distinct-vision range, undesirably. If on the other hand
the lens has a value greater than the upper-limit value of the
condition (2), the additional dioptric power may excessively be
corrected to make narrow the region through which objects can be
seen at a long distance in the far-vision portion, resulting in a
narrow distinct-vision range undesirably. In the condition (2), the
lower-limit value and the upper-limit value may preferably be set
to be 0.010 and 0.100, respectively. Also, in the condition (2),
the lower-limit value and the upper-limit value may more preferably
be set to be 0.010 and 0.080, respectively.
[0048] In the present invention, with regard to the distance in
each direction in wear of spectacles (in the state where spectacles
are worn), numerals with positive signs are used for the upper
part, and numerals with negative signs for the lower part, in the
case of vertical direction in wear of spectacles. In the case of
horizontal direction in wear of spectacles, numerals with positive
signs are used for the temporal side, and numerals with negative
signs for the nasal side.
[0049] In order to ensure a wide distinct-vision range at the
far-vision portion and at the same time make optical
characteristics substantially equal to each other at wear of
spectacles in respect of the dioptric power distribution and the
astigmatism distribution with respect to the respective base
curves, the above conditions (1) and (2) in the present invention
may preferably be fulfilled in a region which is distant by 15 mm
or more from the far-vision portion eyepoint; the region being
expressed as at least 15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2. In a
region extending 15 mm inward in radius from the far-vision portion
eyepoint E, expressed as (x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2<15 (mm), the
angle at which light rays entering the lens is incident on the lens
surface (i.e., the angle of incidence) is close to 90 degrees.
Hence, any change in the dioptric power distribution and any
difference in the astigmatism may hardly occur because of changes
in the base curves, thus such a region may be less affected even
where the conditions in the present invention are not fulfilled.
Accordingly, where lenses are designed attaching importance more to
the measurement of their prism level and dioptric power and to the
optimization of dioptric power distribution and astigmatism
distribution at the intermediate portion and the near-vision
portion, the object of the present invention can be achieved even
if the conditions in the present invention are not necessarily
fulfilled in such a region. However, it is more preferable to
fulfill the conditions of the present invention in a region of
12.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2 (mm), and more preferably to
fulfill the conditions in a region of
10.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2 (mm).
[0050] According to "Eye Physiology" published by Igaku Shoin,
compiled by Akira Hagiwara, pp.325-328, the range of photopic
vision which can be made only by eye movement in the state the head
is set stationary is called a field of fixation. Also, a field of
fixation which is accompanied by supplemental movement of the head
is defined to be an actual field of fixation. In the present
invention, taking note of this point, it is considered suitable to
use the actual field of fixation when a common level of movement of
visual axis is taken into account where those who wear spectacles
use glass lenses. More specifically, in the region of the
progressive-power multifocal surface corresponding to the actual
field of fixation, of the progressive-power multifocal lens
according to the present invention, a wide distinct-vision range
can be attained over the whole far-vision portion as long as the
conditions of the present invention are fulfilled.
[0051] In general, the movement of visual axis in seeing objects at
a long distance by the use of progressive-power multifocal lenses
is limited to the upper part and the right-and-left horizontal
direction. Here, according to the above publication, an experiment
has proved that the actual field of fixation in both eyes in sound
eyes is substantially in a semicircle having an extent of about 50
degrees in the right-and-left horizontal direction. Although there
is some difference depending on the center thickness and base curve
curvature of the lens, a rotational angle 40 degrees of the visual
axis corresponds to about 20 mm in coordinates on the
progressive-power multifocal surface of the far-vision portion in
wear of spectacles, and a rotational angle 50 degrees of the visual
axis corresponds to about 30 mm.
[0052] Accordingly, in order to attain a wide distinct-vision range
over the whole far-vision portion in actual use, the conditions of
the present invention may preferably be fulfilled in the region
having the shape of a substantial semicircle or a shape close to a
semicircle, having, on the basis of the far-vision portion
eyepoint, an extent which provides 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 (mm) in the
vertical direction (the upward), and in the horizontal direction an
extent which provides 0.ltoreq..vertline.x.ve- rtline..ltoreq.20
(mm), and more preferably 0.ltoreq..vertline.x.vertline.-
.ltoreq.30 (mm), in the region of at least one of the temporal side
and the nasal side with respect to the principal meridian
curve.
[0053] However, as stated previously, even in the region having the
shape of a substantial semicircle or a shape close to a semicircle,
the conditions in the present invention need not necessarily be
fulfilled in the region expressed as
(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2<15 (mm). Also, in order to attain a
wideer distinct-vision range in the upward region of the far-vision
portion of the lens, it is preferable to fulfill the conditions of
the present invention also in a region of 20<y.ltoreq.30 (mm).
In this case, the conditions in the present invention may
preferably be fulfilled in a range of
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2){fractio- n (1/2)}.ltoreq.30 (mm) in the
region of at least one of the temporal side and the nasal side with
respect to the principal meridian curve.
[0054] Meanwhile, a region of 30<y (mm) is a region seldom used
in practice. Hence, the lens is less affected even when the
conditions in the present invention are not fulfilled in this
region, and may have less problem in practical use. Accordingly,
where a lens is designed taking account of the balance of optical
performance of the whole progressive-power multifocal lens, the
object of the present invention can be achieved even when the
conditions in the present invention are not necessarily be
fulfilled in the region of 30<y (mm).
[0055] The conditions in the present invention may preferably be
further fulfilled in a region of 30<.vertline.x.vertline. (mm),
too. However, this region is a region seldom used in practice, and
hence the lens is less affected even when the conditions in the
present invention are not fulfilled in this region, and may have
less problem in practical use. Accordingly, where a lens is
designed taking account of the balance of optical performance of
the whole progressive-power multifocal lens, the object of the
present invention can be achieved even when the conditions in the
present invention are not necessarily be fulfilled in the region of
30<.vertline.x.vertline. (mm).
[0056] With regard to regions in the horizontal direction of the
lens, regions actually used may vary depending on various
conditions such as eye distance of those who wear spectacles,
decentration of lenses and shapes of frames. Usually, where
spectacle lenses are framed in a spectacle frame, they are often
framed in a state decentered on the nasal side. In such a case, the
region actually used is narrower on the nasal side than on the
temporal side with respect to the principal meridian curve as a
boarder. Hence, the lens may have less problem in practical use
even when the distinct-vision range at the far-vision portion is
set narrower in the nasal-side portion than in the temporal-side
portion. Accordingly, where a lens is designed taking account of
the balance of optical performance of the whole progressive-power
multifocal lens and uses of the lens, the breadth of the region
satisfying the conditions of the present invention may also be set
asymmetrical with respect to the principal meridian curve.
[0057] Embodiments of the present invention are described below
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0058] FIG. 3 is a view showing a progressive-power multifocal lens
for the left eye according to an embodiment of the present
invention, and illustrates horizontal section curves shown by lines
of intersection of planes vertical to the principal meridian curve
with refracting surfaces. In the present embodiment, the surface
additional refracting power distribution of each progressive-power
multifocal lens is shown along such horizontal section curves.
[0059] In FIG. 3, H1 is a horizontal section curve passing through
the far-vision portion eyepoint E, and H2 is a horizontal section
curve passing through the center of far-vision portion, OF. Also,
H3 to H7 show horizontal section curves at 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 25
mm and 30 mm, respectively, in distance (height) in the vertical
direction from the far-vision portion eyepoint E. In the present
embodiment, the present invention is described below taking note of
this progressive-power multifocal lens for the left eye. A
progressive-power multifocal lens for the right eye stands
likewise.
[0060] FIG. 4 shows surface additional refracting power
distribution along horizontal section curves H1 to H7 at the
far-vision portion of a progressive-power multifocal lens used as a
comparative example for the embodiment of the present invention. In
FIG. 4, the abscissa presents distance x (mm) in the horizontal
direction from the principal meridian curve in wear of spectacles
The distance x in the horizontal direction has numerals with
positive signs on the temporal side and numerals with negative
signs on the nasal side. Also, the surface additional refracting
power along the horizontal section curves H1 to H7 is indicated in
units D (diopter). As stated later, in the progressive-power
multifocal lens according to such a comparative example according
to the prior art, the surface refracting power at the far-vision
portion is so designed as to be substantially equal to the base
curve.
[0061] The progressive-power multifocal lens according to the
comparative example has an external diameter .phi. of 70 mm, a base
curve BC of 2.00 diopters, a far-vision portion dioptric power Df
of -2.50 diopter, an additional power Ad of 2.00 diopters and a
lens refractive index ne of 1.67, where the far-vision portion
eyepoint E is positioned 2 mm upward from the geometrical center OG
of the lens, and the center of far-vision portion, OF, is
positioned 8 mm upward from the geometrical center OG of the
lens.
[0062] As can be seen from FIG. 4, in the progressive-power
multifocal lens according to the comparative example, the surface
additional refracting power stands substantially zero in the
greater part of its far-vision portion. In other words, the surface
refracting power in the greater part of the far-vision portion is
set substantially equal to the base curve.
[0063] FIG. 5 shows surface additional dioptric power distribution
in respect of light rays passing through a progressive-power
multifocal lens according to the comparative example. As can be
seen from FIG. 5, in the progressive-power multifocal lens
according to the comparative example, regions in which the absolute
values of the additional dioptric power at the far-vision portion
are not greater than 0.50 diopter are limited to narrow regions
near to the far-vision portion eyepoint and the center of
far-vision portion because regions of negative over-correction
extend in the greater part of the far-vision portion. Especially at
the border of the far-vision portion, regions of over-correction
exceeding -1.00 diopter also extend, and hence a progressive-power
multifocal lens is provided which has a very narrow distinct-vision
range over which objects can be seen at a long distance. Moreover,
in the side regions of the intermediate portion, too, the
additional power which should originally be added is so small that
regions of negative over-correction extend.
[0064] FIG. 6 shows surface additional refracting power
distribution along horizontal section curves H1 to H7 at the
far-vision portion of the progressive-power multifocal lens
according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 6, the abscissa
presents distance x (mm) in the horizontal direction from the
principal meridian curve in wear of spectacles. The distance x in
the horizontal direction has numerals with positive signs on the
temporal side and numerals with negative signs on the nasal side.
Also, the surface additional refracting power along the horizontal
section curves H1 to H7 is indicated in units D (diopter). The part
of solid lines in the surface additional refracting power
distribution shows the region that satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2){fraction (1/2)} (mm). Also, the part of
broken lines in the surface additional refracting power
distribution shows the region that satisfies
(x.sup.2+y.sup.2){fraction (1/2)}<15 (mm).
[0065] The progressive-power multifocal lens according to the
present embodiment has, like the comparative example, an external
diameter .phi. of 70 mm, a base curve BC of 2.00 diopters, a
far-vision portion dioptric power Df of -2.50 diopter, an
additional power Ad of 2.00 diopters and a lens refractive index ne
of 1.67, where the far-vision portion eyepoint E is positioned 2 mm
upward from the geometrical center OG of the lens, and the center
of far-vision portion, OF, is positioned 8 mm upward from the
geometrical center OG of the lens.
[0066] As can be seen from FIG. 6, the progressive-power multifocal
lens according to the present embodiment fulfills the condition of
the following condition (1) in the region which satisfies
15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the far-vision
portion.
.DELTA.P(x,y)<0 (1)
[0067] FIG. 7 shows surface additional dioptric power distribution
in respect of light rays passing through the progressive-power
multifocal lens according to the present embodiment. As can be seen
from FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 in comparison, regions in which the absolute
values of the additional dioptric power at the far-vision portion
are not greater than 0.50 diopter stand improved very widely
compared with the comparative example, and hence a
progressive-power multifocal lens is provided which has a very wide
distinct-vision range in the dioptric power.
[0068] With regard to the condition (2), its corresponding values
are inspected with reference to Table 1 shown below.
1 TABLE 1 H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 -35 0.031 0.028 -30 0.031 0.030
0.028 0.025 -25 0.032 0.033 0.030 0.026 0.022 0.017 -20 0.041 0.039
0.032 0.024 0.021 0.017 -15 0.054 0.045 0.031 0.023 0.021 0.021
0.020 -10 0.020 0.023 0.026 0.025 -5 0.016 0.025 0.029 0.028 0
0.016 0.025 0.028 0.026 5 0.018 0.023 0.025 0.024 10 0.021 0.023
0.024 0.023 15 0.060 0.037 0.027 0.023 0.024 0.024 0.023 20 0.049
0.035 0.028 0.024 0.022 0.021 25 0.038 0.033 0.029 0.024 0.020
0.017 30 0.032 0.030 0.027 0.023 35 0.027 0.025
[0069] As can be seen from Table 1 shown above, the
progressive-power multifocal lens according to the present
embodiment fulfills the following condition (2) in the region that
satisfies 15.ltoreq.(x.sup.2+y.sup.2).sup.1/2.ltoreq.20 in the
far-vision portion.
0.005.ltoreq..DELTA.P(x,y)/(x.sup.2+y.sup.2){fraction
(1/2)}.ltoreq.0.120 (2)
[0070] Incidentally, without limitations to the embodiment
described above, it is apparent that the present invention is
applicable to progressive-power multifocal lenses having a variety
in specification and materials.
[0071] As described above, according to the present invention, in
progressive-power multifocal lenses whose far-vision portion
dioptric power is minus, a progressive-power multifocal lens can be
materialized in which the level of deviation of dioptric power,
i.e., the dioptric-power error, from far-vision portion dioptric
power at the far-vision portion can be controlled to a small value
over a wide range and the optical performance in wear of spectacles
can be set well. Also, especially in the far-vision portion, a wide
distinct-vision range can be ensured in which any blur of views due
to a dioptric-power error may less occur.
* * * * *