U.S. patent application number 09/242889 was filed with the patent office on 2001-12-06 for method of adding fats and oils to porous fodder.
Invention is credited to ANDO, TAKAYUKI, AOYAMA, RYOJI, NISHIOKA, MASASHI, TANAKA, MINORU.
Application Number | 20010048959 09/242889 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 16977576 |
Filed Date | 2001-12-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010048959 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
NISHIOKA, MASASHI ; et
al. |
December 6, 2001 |
METHOD OF ADDING FATS AND OILS TO POROUS FODDER
Abstract
The object of the present invention is to provide a method by
which a great amount of fat and oil can be added continuously to
porous feed. In the present invention for attaining the
above-described object, porous feed containing a great amount of
voids formed inside molded by an extruder is added together with
fat and oil to be added into a continuous type fat and oil adding
apparatus decompressed to a given pressure value, kept in said fat
and oil adding apparatus for a specified time, then taken out of
said fat and oil adding apparatus, and by this fat and oil adding
apparatus, fat and oil are added continuously in high ratios. By
this, fat and oil can be added continuously to porous feed with
excellent efficiency and high content.
Inventors: |
NISHIOKA, MASASHI;
(IRUMA-GUN, JP) ; AOYAMA, RYOJI; (IRUMA-GUN,
JP) ; ANDO, TAKAYUKI; (IRUMA-GUN, JP) ;
TANAKA, MINORU; (IRUMA-GUN, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
R HAFERKAMP
HOWELL & HAFERKAMP
7733 FORSYTH BOULEVARD
SUITE 1400
ST LOUIS
MO
63105
US
|
Family ID: |
16977576 |
Appl. No.: |
09/242889 |
Filed: |
February 25, 1999 |
PCT Filed: |
September 5, 1997 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP97/03140 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
426/281 ;
426/516; 426/641 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23K 20/158 20160501;
A23K 50/80 20160501; A23K 40/30 20160501 |
Class at
Publication: |
426/281 ;
426/641; 426/516 |
International
Class: |
A23L 001/317 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Sep 5, 1996 |
JP |
234866/1996 |
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed, wherein porous
feed containing a great amount of voids formed inside is added
together with fat and oil to be added into a continuous type fat
and oil adding apparatus decompressed to a given pressure value,
kept in said fat and oil adding apparatus for a specified time,
then taken out of said fat and oil adding apparatus.
2. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to
claim 1, wherein said fat and oil adding apparatus is placed
directly after a drier which dries said porous feed.
3. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to
claim 1 or 2, wherein said fat and oil adding apparatus is an
apparatus comprising a rotary valve which maintains a close seal of
said fat and oil adding apparatus and a ribbon type screw which
stirs and carries said porous feed inside the apparatus.
4. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to any
of claims 1 through 3, wherein the degree of decompression of said
fat and oil adding apparatus is from -400 to -700 mmHg.
5. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to any
of claims 1 through 4, wherein fat and oil are added so that the
fat and oil content of said porous feed is from 20 to 30% in terms
of weight ratio.
6. A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to any
of claims 1 through 5, wherein decompression and return to normal
pressure of said porous feed by said fat and oil adding apparatus
are repeated multiple times.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for adding fats
and oils to porous fodder in which the fat and oil are added in a
higher ratio to the porous feed containing a great amount of voids
formed inside.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Porous feed containing a great amount of voids formed inside
are widely known as feeds for pisciculture, etc. As feeds for
pisciculture, powders composed solely of fish powder, live fish,
pupa etc., kneaded materials thereof, and in addition, pellet type
solid feeds etc., processed in the form of solids from compositions
prepared by compounding components such as a fish powder, live fish
and other components such as vegetable oil cake, cereal powder,
starch, vitamins, minerals etc., have been widely used in view of
its easy handling, excellent feed making property, etc.
[0003] However, solid feeds produced by using a pellet mill etc.,
have a notable tendency to precipitate and to quickly precipitate
once thrown into water. Therefore, such solid feeds are not easily
and sufficiently ingested by fish and go rotten at the bottom of
water and become causes of water pollution and the generation of
sick fish.
[0004] For eliminating such defects in solid feeds, there have been
produced and used porous feed having floating properties obtained
by forming a great amount of voids in pisciculture feed. This
porous feed is produced by foaming for a porous structure due to
quick vaporization of water when a raw material prepared by
compounding various components for feed is kneaded by an extruder
and a raw material made into a paste formed by compression heat and
pressure in the extruder is extruded into air. Thus produced porous
feed floats on a water surface for a long period of time due to a
great amount of voids therein and is ingested by fish successfully,
and further, is not broken up by water absorption. Therefore, this
feed has merits in that it causes little water pollution, etc.
[0005] Further, porous feed has been used having high fat and oil
content prepared by allowing the above-described porous feed to
contain fats and oils in a high ratio since they provide a high
growth rate as feeds for pisciculture of young yellowtail, red sea
bream, horse mackerel etc.
[0006] Conventionally, for adding of fats and oils to porous feed,
a raw material prepared by compounding given various components is
molded into porous feed by an extruder, then, this feed is dried by
a drier utilizing hot air to control the water content thereof,
cooled by a cooler, transported to a fat and oil adding apparatus,
where fat and oil are added to the porous feed. However, the
content of the fat and oil in this case is at most about 15%.
[0007] On the other hand, for adding fat and oil in high content,
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei-2-138944 discloses a
method in which porous feed is placed under reduced pressure to
allow liquid fat and oil to impregnate into the feed. Namely, it is
described that porous feed is put into an oil bath and subjected to
reduced pressure, however, more efficient production is
desired.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention has been accomplished in view of the
above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a
method for adding fat and oil by which a great amount of fat and
oil are continuously adhered efficiently on porous feed. The
present invention for solving the above-described problems is a
method in which porous feed is continuously poured into a fat and
oil adding apparatus under reduced pressure together with fat and
oil to be added and treated.
[0009] As the fat and oil adding apparatus by which fat and oil are
continuously added to porous feed while maintaining a reduced
condition inside the apparatus, a drum mixer type fat and oil
adding apparatus which has conventionally been used or a paddle
mixer type fat and oil adding apparatus may be permissible
irrespective of mixing type provided reduced condition inside
thereof is maintained. Specifically, the entire fat and oil adding
apparatus is accommodated and used in a pressure vessel, a rotary
valve, a double damper etc., and supply and discharge of porous
feed are continuously conducted while maintaining a reduced
condition. In this case, it is preferable to use a rotary valve to
continue supplying and discharging smoothly.
[0010] Regarding the fat and oil adding apparatus, it may be
advantageous to use a cylindrical casing in a continuous mixer of a
ribbon screw type and to use rotary valves at a supplying port and
a discharging port. This mixer has excellent pressure resistance,
and can allow addition of fat and oil to be conducted evenly over
the whole feed since it is in the form of a cylinder. Further,
production is also relatively simple. As the supplying apparatus of
fat and oil, a conventional continuous quantitative supplying
apparatus may be advantageously placed near the inlet of the fat
and oil adding apparatus and thus there is no need to use a special
apparatus. Further, the vacuum pump for producing a reduced
condition in a fat and oil adding apparatus is not limited by the
types thereof.
[0011] Alternatively, it may also be permissible that continuous
type fat and oil adding apparatuses are placed in multi-stages and
addition of fat and oil to porous feed repeated.
[0012] Further, in the present invention, a fat and oil adding
apparatus may be placed directly after a drier, a cooler may be
placed after the fat and oil adding apparatus, and fat and oil are
added to porous feed by the fat and oil adding apparatus before the
porous feed is cooled.
[0013] After being dried by the drier, the product can be modified
by given fat and oil addition ratios by passing the product through
a continuous fat and oil adding apparatus kept at a reduced
condition whether or not the product is one which is cooled by a
cooler or a porous feed at high temperature directly after the
drier. Particularly if porous feed at high temperature is not
cooled and passed through the fat and oil adding apparatus kept at
a reduced condition, the volume of a cooler plated in a latter
stage can be suppressed since then water is dispersed and
evaporated from the porous feed at a high temperature and water
content accordingly decreases, and consequently, water content and
temperature simultaneously decrease while maintaining the same fat
and oil adding ratio. In this case, the volume of the vacuum pump
is increased by the vaporization volume of water, for maintaining a
reduced condition. Further, there is also a case in which treatment
for allowing a rotary valve to have heat resistance is necessary.
Moreover, measurements such as keeping moisture etc., may be
conducted to prevent dew formation etc., on the mixer casing.
[0014] The addition ratio of fat and oil can be improved also by
maintaining a reduced condition to a certain extent in a fat an oil
adding apparatus, and when it is from -400 to -700 mmHg, the
addition ratio can be higher. When the degree of vacuum is lower
than -400 mmHg, greater improvements in the addition ratio are not
obtained, and even when the degree of vacuum is increased over -700
mmHg, further increases in the addition ratio are not obtained and
equipment, such as a pressure resistant apparatus etc., becomes
large, therefore such degrees of vacuum are not practical.
[0015] Regarding additions of fat and oil to porous feed, the
content of fat and oil contained in a raw material itself is from 5
to 10%, the content of fat and oil added before granulation is from
5 to 10%, or more, and the content of fat and oil added by a fat
and oil adding apparatus is from 5 to 10%, therefore, the total fat
and oil addition ratio of the final porous feed is from 15 to
30%.
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing Example 1 of a method for
adding fat and oil to porous feed according to the present
invention.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing Example 2 of a method for
adding fat and oil to porous feed according to the present
invention.
[0018] FIG. 3 is a view showing the internal structure of a
continuous type fat and oil adding apparatus for decompression used
in the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 4 is a front view of a continuous type fat and oil
adding apparatus for decompression used in the present
invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0020] A method for adding fat and oil to porous feed according to
the present invention will be described below referring to the
attached drawings.
[0021] FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of one embodiment for carrying out
a method for adding fat and oil to porous feed. In the figure, 1
represents a mixer for mixing raw materials, 2 represents an
extruder for pressuring and kneading by adding vapor, 3 represents
a drier, 4 represents a cooler, and 5 represents a fat and oil
adding apparatus.
[0022] For adding fat and oil, first, a mixed raw material prepared
by compounding appropriately various components for feed is poured
into a mixer 1 (as shown by an arrow A), then, to this is added fat
and oil, water and vapor (as shown by an arrow B) and heating and
mixing are conducted, and the resulting mixed raw material is
poured into an extruder 2. In the extruder 2, vapor is added to the
raw material as shown by an arrow C and the mixture is pressurized
and kneaded, extruded and molded, then, dried by a drier 3, and the
dried material is cooled by a cooler 4. In this way, there is
formed porous feed in the form of a pellet set at a given water
content and temperature. The porous feed is fed into a fat and oil
adding apparatus 5 maintaining a reduced condition for further
addition of fat and oil, and stored inside for about 2 minutes, to
this is added fat and oil, then, discharged out of the fat and oil
adding apparatus 5. Thus, fat and oil in a given amount are added
to porous feed.
[0023] Thereafter, various apparatuses for carrying out the fat and
oil adding method will be described in detail.
[0024] The extruder 2 is composed of a mixer, a screw which
constitutes an extruding portion, a case thereof, a die provided on
the leading end of the case, etc. When various components for feed
are weighed in a previous stage and poured in, the components are
mixed and extruded by the screw in the case, and when the resulting
mixture is extruded through die pores provided on the tip of the
die, it is allowed to swell to form a great amount of voids therein
to obtain porous feed. Further, a rotary type cutter is provided at
the tip of the die, and the porous feed is cut into a given length
by the rotary type cutter and molded into a given size. The porous
feed at this moment has a temperature from 60 to 90.degree. C. and
a water content of 20 to 25%.
[0025] The drier 3 is a band type apparatus which dries the porous
feed by hot air, and the porous feed is dried to such extent that
the water content becomes the required 7 to 8%. The temperature of
the porous feed at the outlet of the drier 3 is from 70 to
100.degree. C. The cooler 4 is an apparatus which introduces outer
air to the inside and makes the introduced outer air to contact the
porous feed to cool the feed to a given temperature.
[0026] The external view of the fat and oil adding apparatus 5 is
shown in FIG. 4. The fat and oil adding apparatus 5 is composed of
two-compartment rotary valves 7A and 8A, and a ribbon screw type
continuous mixer 6, and piping is connected to a vacuum pump (not
shown) from a vacuum discharge tube-connecting port, namely a
vacuum exhaust port 9, and the pressure inside is reduced. The
degree of decompression by the vacuum pump is not constant and may
vary, and may be opened to atmosphere halfway.
[0027] FIG. 3 shows the internal structure of the fat and oil
adding apparatus 5.
[0028] As shown in FIG. 3, the fat and oil adding apparatus 5 has a
structure in which the ribbon screw type continuous mixer 6 rotates
(rotating speed is from 6.5 to 8.5 rpm) in a casing 10. The
diameter of the screw is 700 mm, the length thereof is 6000 mm, the
blade pitch is 525 mm, the blade number is 11, the width of a
ribbon 11 of the ribbon screw type blade 6 is 100 mm. 11A
represents an auxiliary blade which is composed of a round tube
connecting the stirring ribbon 11 in the axial direction and aids
the stirring. When this auxiliary blade 11A is optionally provided,
addition of fat and oil becomes more uniform, and in addition, the
time during which the porous feed is kept in the fat and oil adding
apparatus 5 can be controlled. These auxiliary blades 11A may be
placed evenly over the entire length or at every other blade pitch,
or the positions thereof may be optional. On the casing 10, there
are provided a suitable number of vacuum exhaust ports 9 at
appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction, and the
degree of decompression inside is kept at about --600 mmHg
(permissible if it is within the range from -400 mmHg to -700
mmHg).
[0029] The fat and oil to be added are continuously mixed with the
feed before the vacuum rotary valve 7A. And the mixture is
introduced intact into the fat and oil adding apparatus 5 through
the rotary valve 7A. The method for quantitative supply of fat and
oil for fat and oil addition is not particularly restricted.
Further, both may simply be made continuous to flow simultaneously
for mixing, and particular atomization of fat and oil, etc., are
not required. By thus passing through the apparatuses in order, fat
and oil are added to the porous feed. From 5 to 10% of fat and oil
are newly added to the porous feed by the fat and oil adding
apparatus 5, in addition to the fat and oil (5 to 7%) contained in
the raw material and the fat and oil (5 to 10%) added before
granulation, to prepare porous feed of high fat and oil content
having a total fat and oil content of 20 to 30%.
[0030] Other embodiment of the method for adding fat and oil will
be described using FIG. 2.
[0031] FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the second embodiment of the
method for adding fat and oil to porous feed. As shown in FIG. 2, a
fat and oil adding apparatus 5 is placed directly after a drier 3,
and porous feed is poured into the fat and oil adding apparatus 5
in stages when drying is completed, and fat and oil are added. In
this case, a rotary valve 7A, the fat and oil adding apparatus 5
etc., will be subjected to a given heat resistance measurement
etc., in view of the high temperatures of the porous feed
introduced into the fat and oil adding apparatus 5. Since the
addition of fat and oil into porous feed at higher temperatures is
conducted at a higher rate than at a normal temperatures, fat and
oil can be added in greater amounts than that exhibited in the
above-described example 1. Further, there is also an advantage in
that the load on the cooler 4 at the latter stage is reduced since
water is also partially dispersed from the porous feed.
[0032] Next, comparative experiments of the embodiments (Examples 1
and 2) are shown.
[0033] (1) Compounding ratio of porous feed used in the experiments
is as described below.
1 Compounded material Ratio Fish powder 67.25 Soybean cake 10.0
Wheat powder (ginkgo) 7.75 Corn starch 2.5 Tapioca starch 12.5
Total 100.0
[0034] (2) Operation condition
[0035] The air flow rate in the cooler was 4.5 m.sup.3/min, the
degree of decompression of the fat and oil adding apparatus was
from -600 to -620 mmHg, and the retention time was 2 minutes.
[0036] (2) Experiment results
EXAMPLE 1
[0037]
2 Material Water temperature content Fat and oil at outlet, (%) at
outlet, (%) addition ratio, (%) Drier 80 9.0 Cooler 20 8.0 Fat and
20 8.0 7.0 oil adding apparatus
EXAMPLE 2
[0038]
3 Material Water temperature content Fat and oil at outlet, (%) at
outlet, (%) addition ratio, (%) Drier 80 11.3 Fat and 50 8.3 oil
adding apparatus Cooler 20 8.0 11.0
[0039] The measuring positions are respective outlets.
[0040] When the results of the above-described experiments are
compared with Examples 1 and 2, it is known that the cooler is
subjected to temperature reduction by 60.degree. C. in Example 1,
while the temperature reduction by 30.degree. C. is effected in
Example 2, therefore, the load on the cooler is reduced much more
under conditions of Example 2.
[0041] (3) The method for measuring fat and oil addition ratios and
measurement results are as follows.
[0042] A pellet composed of porous feed having a diameter of 19 mm
and a length of 17 mm was maintained in the fat and oil adding
apparatus 5 under a degree of decompression of -600 mmHg, and the
fat and oil adsorption ratio was calculated from the weight of the
pellet before addition and the weight of the pellet after discharge
(fat and oil adhered on the surface had been wiped off).
[0043] The fat and oil addition ratio was 7% in Example 1, while,
in Example 2, the fat and oil addition ratio increased to 11%.
[0044] As described above, according to the method for adding fat
and oil to porous feed of the present invention, extremely
excellent results as described below are obtained.
[0045] (1) Fat and oil can be continuously added in high ratio to
porous feed.
[0046] Further, when a decompression type fat and oil adding
apparatus is placed directly after a drier, the following effects
(2), (3) and (4) are obtained.
[0047] (2) The water content of the product is reduced by adding
porous feed having a high temperature under decompression by a
decompression type fat and oil adding apparatus. Namely, the drying
effect is obtained.
[0048] (3) The temperature of the product lowers when passing
through a decompression type fat and oil adding apparatus. Namely,
the cooling effect is obtained.
[0049] (4) Since porous feed having a high temperature enters into
a decompression type fat and oil adding apparatus, fat and oil
adsorption amounts increase when compared to porous feed of a
normal temperature.
Industrial Applicability
[0050] According to the method for adding fat and oil to porous
feed of the present invention, fat and oil can be added to porous
feed for pisciculture etc., at high rate or ratio and continuously,
and porous feed containing necessary amounts of fat and oil can be
produced efficiently.
* * * * *