U.S. patent application number 09/882454 was filed with the patent office on 2001-11-29 for self-broaching, rotatable, push-in interbody spinal fusion implant and method for deployment thereof.
Invention is credited to Michelson, Gary K..
Application Number | 20010047207 09/882454 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22310169 |
Filed Date | 2001-11-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20010047207 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Michelson, Gary K. |
November 29, 2001 |
Self-broaching, rotatable, push-in interbody spinal fusion implant
and method for deployment thereof
Abstract
An interbody spinal fusion implant for insertion across a disc
space between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine has a body
two top side and two bottom side junctions, with at least a pair of
diagonally opposed junctions having a distance therebetween that
does not significantly exceed the implant body height. The implant
also includes one or more bone penetrating protrusions extending
outwardly from at least the upper and lower walls of the implant.
The implant is inserted on its side between adjacent vertebral
bodies and then rotated 90 degrees into place. The protrusions
penetrate the endplates upon rotation, thereby securing the implant
within the spine. The implant has at least one passage therethrough
from the upper wall to the lower wall to promote fusion through the
implant. Because of the specialized opposed junctions
overdistraction between the adjacent vertebral bodies is avoided
when the implant is rotated from an initial insertion position to a
final deployed position. In one suggested implant set, two implants
are rotated in opposite directions into their respective final
deployed positions, and a third specialized implant is positioned
therebetween to lock the three implants together along cooperating
surfaces. A method for deploying the push-in implants is also
disclosed.
Inventors: |
Michelson, Gary K.; (Venice,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MARTIN & FERRARO
14500 AVION PARKWAY
SUITE 300
CHANTILLY
VA
201511101
|
Family ID: |
22310169 |
Appl. No.: |
09/882454 |
Filed: |
June 15, 2001 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09882454 |
Jun 15, 2001 |
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09429628 |
Oct 29, 1999 |
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60106216 |
Oct 30, 1998 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
623/17.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F 2/30744 20130101;
A61F 2002/30805 20130101; A61F 2002/30593 20130101; A61F 2002/30153
20130101; A61F 2002/3021 20130101; A61F 2230/0019 20130101; A61F
2310/00293 20130101; A61F 2250/0063 20130101; A61F 2002/30487
20130101; A61F 2310/00179 20130101; A61F 2002/30795 20130101; A61F
2/446 20130101; A61F 2310/00359 20130101; A61F 2002/30774 20130101;
A61F 2220/0025 20130101; A61F 2310/00023 20130101; A61F 2310/00029
20130101; A61F 2/4611 20130101; A61F 2/28 20130101; A61F 2002/3052
20130101; A61F 2002/30789 20130101; A61F 2002/30827 20130101; A61F
2230/0069 20130101; A61F 2002/30604 20130101; A61F 2/447 20130101;
A61F 2002/30845 20130101; Y10S 623/908 20130101; A61F 2002/30785
20130101; A61F 2002/30113 20130101; A61F 2002/30892 20130101; A61F
2230/0067 20130101; A61F 2002/4638 20130101; A61F 2002/30143
20130101; A61F 2210/0004 20130101; A61F 2002/2817 20130101; A61F
2002/30062 20130101; A61F 2002/4485 20130101; A61F 2230/0082
20130101; A61F 2230/0017 20130101; A61F 2002/2835 20130101; A61F
2/442 20130101; A61F 2002/30405 20130101; A61F 2002/30224 20130101;
A61F 2310/00017 20130101; A61F 2002/2839 20130101; A61F 2002/30151
20130101; A61F 2002/448 20130101; A61F 2002/30904 20130101; A61F
2002/30884 20130101; A61F 2002/30777 20130101; A61F 2230/0006
20130101; A61F 2002/30261 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
623/17.11 |
International
Class: |
A61F 002/44 |
Claims
What I claim is:
1. An interbody spinal fusion implant for insertion across a disc
space between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine, the
implant comprising: a body having an insertion end, a trailing end,
an upper wall, a lower wall, and opposed side walls, said body
having a cross-section with a height measured between said upper
and lower walls and a width measured between said side walls, said
side walls intersecting said upper and lower walls at four
junctions, a first pair of diagonally opposed junctions having a
distance therebetween substantially the same as the height of said
body, a second pair of diagonally opposed junctions having a
distance therebetween greater than the distance between said first
pair of diagonally opposed junctions; and fins extending outwardly
from said opposed upper and lower walls adapted to penetrate and
extend within the vertebral endplates of the adjacent vertebral
bodies upon rotation of the implant approximately 90 degrees from
an initial insertion position to a final deployed position.
2. The implant of claim 1, wherein said side walls have a distance
therebetween adapted to contact the adjacent vertebral bodies upon
initial insertion of said implant into the spine.
3. The implant of claim 1, wherein each of said side walls are
planar.
4. The implant of claim 3, wherein said side walls are generally
parallel to one another.
5. The implant of claim 1, wherein the shape of each of said side
walls is substantially a parallelogram.
6. The implant of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower walls have
a distance therebetween adapted to support the vertebral endplates
of the adjacent vertebral bodies upon rotation of said implant from
an initial insertion position to a deployed position in the disc
space.
7. The implant of claim 1, wherein the adjacent vertebral bodies
are spaced apart at least in part further in the final deployed
position than in the initial insertion position.
8. The implant of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower walls have
at least one opening allowing for communication between said upper
and lower walls, said opening being capable of containing fusion
promoting materials for promoting bone ingrowth through said
implant from the vertebral endplate of one of the adjacent
vertebral bodies to the vertebral endplate of the other of said
adjacent vertebral bodies for fusion of said adjacent vertebral
bodies.
9. The implant of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower walls are
disposed at least in part in a diverging angular relationship to
each other from said insertion end to said trailing end of said
body.
10. The implant of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower walls are
disposed at least in part in a converging angular relationship to
each other from said insertion end to said trailing end of said
body.
11. The implant of claim 1, wherein said upper and lower walls have
a generally anatomical shape configured to substantially match the
natural contours of that portion of the endplates of the two
adjacent vertebral bodies to be fused to which said walls are
applied.
12. The implant of claim 1, wherein said first pair of diagonally
opposed junctions are arcuate.
13. The implant of claim 12, wherein said arcuate junctions are
arcs of radii.
14. The implant of claim 13, wherein said arcs of radii are each of
the same radius.
15. The implant of claim 13, wherein said arcs of radii have a
radius defining a portion of the same circle.
16. The implant of claim 13, wherein said arcs of radii comprise
chords of a circle.
17. The implant of claim 16, wherein said arcs of radii comprise
chords of the same circle.
18. The implant of claim 16, wherein said arcs of radii comprise
quadrants of the same circle.
19. The implant of claim 13, wherein the distance between said arcs
of radii generally approximates the height of said body.
20. The implant of claim 13, wherein the distance between said arcs
of radii is slightly less than the height of said body.
21. The implant of claim 13, wherein the distance between said arcs
of radii is slightly greater than the height of said body.
22. The implant of claim 19, wherein the height of said body is no
greater than the width of said body, and said fins extend from said
upper and lower walls a height sufficient to make the overall
height of said implant, when in the final deployed position as
measured across the fins, greater than the width of said body.
23. The implant of claim 19, wherein the height of said body is
greater than the width of said body, and said fins extend from said
upper and lower walls.
24. The implant of claim 1, wherein said first pair of diagonally
opposed junctions are chamfered.
25. The implant of claim 1, wherein said second pair of diagonally
opposed junctions are corners.
26. The implant of claim 25, wherein each of said corners form
approximately a 90 degree angle.
27. The implant of claim 1, wherein each of said corners form an
angle between 45 and 135 degrees.
28. The implant of claim 1, wherein said second pair of diagonally
opposed junctions are chamfered.
29. The implant of claim 1, wherein said second pair of diagonally
opposed junctions are radiused.
30. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins have a height
measured from the longitudinal central axis of said implant, said
height being substantially uniform along a portion of the length of
said implant.
31. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins have a height
measured from the longitudinal central axis of said implant, said
height being variable along the length of said implant.
32. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins have a height
measured from each of said upper and lower walls, respectively,
said height being varied along the length of said implant.
33. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins have a height
measured from each of said upper and lower walls, respectively,
said height being substantially constant along the length of said
implant.
34. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins have a sharp leading
edge for penetrating the vertebral endplates upon rotation of said
implant.
35. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins are protrusions.
36. The implant of claim 1, wherein said fins are evenly spaced
along at least a portion of said upper and lower walls.
37. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is configured to
have a single direction of rotation such that in rotating said
implant 45 degrees said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions
has a diagonal substantially the same as the height of said body of
said implant contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to
rotation.
38. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is configured to
have a single direction of rotation such that in rotating said
implant 45 degrees said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions
has a diagonal slightly less than the width of said body of said
implant contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to
rotation.
39. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is configured to
have a single direction of rotation such that in rotating said
implant 45 degrees said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions
has a diagonal slightly greater than the width of said body of said
implant contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to
rotation.
40. The implant of claim 1, wherein said body has a hollow
portion.
41. The implant of claim 40, wherein said hollow portion is adapted
to contain fusion promoting material.
42. The implant of claim 40, wherein said upper and lower walls
have at least one opening passing therethrough in communication
with said hollow portion.
43. The implant of claim 42, wherein said side walls have at least
one opening passing therethrough in communication with said hollow
portion.
44. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is capable of
retaining fusion promoting material.
45. The implant of claim 40, wherein at least one of said leading
end and said trailing end of said body has an opening in
communication with said hollow portion and adapted to cooperatively
engage a cap.
46. The implant of claim 45, further comprising a removable cap for
closing said opening in at least one of said leading end and said
trailing end of said body.
47. The implant of claim 42, wherein at least some of said openings
have a maximum cross sectional dimension of approximately 0.5 mm to
5 mm.
48. The implant of claim 42, wherein at least some of said openings
are greater than microscopic size.
49. The implant of claim 42, wherein said at least one opening
includes a plurality of openings of which a portion are less than
15 microns across their largest dimension.
50. The implant of claim 42, wherein at least some of said openings
pass through said upper and lower walls forming channels through
said body.
51. The implant of claim 1, wherein said body has a plurality of
openings passing therethrough adapted to allow bone to grow through
said implant from one of the adjacent vertebral bodies to another
of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
52. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is made of a
material that is stronger than bone.
53. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is made of a
material that is harder than bone.
54. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is made of a
surgical grade implant material that is metallic.
55. The implant of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said body
is porous.
56. The implant of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said body
is treated to promote bone ingrowth between said implant and one of
the vertebral bodies.
57. The implant of claim 1, for use in the lumbar spine wherein
said body has a length in the range of 20-34 mm.
58. The implant of claim 57, wherein said side walls are spaced
from one another in the range of 6-20 mm.
59. The implant of claim 57, wherein said upper and lower walls are
spaced from one another in the range of 6-20 mm.
60. The implant of claim 57, wherein said fins have a height
extending from said upper and lower walls in the range of 1-5
mm.
61. The implant of claim 1, wherein at least one of said ends
includes an engagement portion for engaging an instrument for the
insertion of said implant.
62. The implant of claim 1, further in combination with a broach
having cutting portions adapted to cut a groove corresponding to
the shape of said fins into the adjacent vertebral bodies.
63. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant comprises a
material other than bone.
64. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant comprises
bone.
65. The implant of claim 64, wherein said bone includes cortical
bone.
66. The implant of claim 64, wherein said implant comprises bone
growth promoting material.
67. The implant of claim 66, wherein said bone growth promoting
material is selected from one of bone morphogenetic protein,
hydroxyapatite, and genes coding for the production of bone.
68. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is treated with a
bone growth promoting substance.
69. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is at least in
part bioabsorbable.
70. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant comprises
metal.
71. The implant of claim 70, wherein said metal is ASTM material
suitable for use in said implant.
72. The implant of claim 70, wherein said includes titanium.
73. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant comprises a
plastic material.
74. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant comprises a
ceramic material.
75. The implant of claim 1, wherein said implant is formed of a
material that intrinsically participates in the growth of bone from
one of the adjacent vertebral bodies to the other of the adjacent
vertebral bodies.
76. The implant of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said
implant is treated to promote bone ingrowth between said implant
and said adjacent vertebral bodies.
77. An interbody spinal implant set for insertion across a disc
space between adjacent vertebral bodies of a human spine, the
implant set comprising: a first implant comprising: a body having
an insertion end, a trailing end, opposed side walls, and upper and
lower walls, said body having a cross-section with a height
measured between said upper and lower walls and a width measured
between said side walls, said side walls intersecting said upper
and lower walls at four junctions, a first pair of diagonally
opposed junctions having a distance therebetween substantially the
same as the height of said body, a second pair of diagonally
opposed junctions having a distance therebetween greater than the
distance of said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions; and
fins extending outwardly from said opposed upper and lower walls
adapted to penetrate the vertebral endplates of the adjacent
vertebral bodies upon rotation of the implant in a first direction
substantially 90 degrees from an initial insertion position to a
final deployed position; and a second implant comprising: a body
having an insertion end, a trailing end, opposed side walls, and
upper and lower walls, said body having a cross-section with a
height measured between said upper and lower walls and a width
measured between said side walls, said side walls intersecting said
upper and lower walls at four junctions, a first pair of diagonally
opposed junctions having a distance therebetween less than the
height of said body, a second pair of diagonally opposed junctions
having a distance therebetween greater than the distance of said
between said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions; and fins
extending outwardly from said opposed upper and lower walls adapted
to penetrate the vertebral endplates of the adjacent vertebral
bodies upon rotation of the implant in a second direction opposite
said first direction and substantially 90 degrees from an initial
insertion position to a final deployed position.
78. The implant set of claim 77, further comprising a third implant
for placement between said first and second implants, said third
implant having contacting surfaces for contacting one of said
opposed side walls of each of said first and second implants.
79. The implant set of claim 78, wherein said contacting surfaces
of said third implant interconnect with said first and second
implants.
80. The implant set of claim 78, wherein said contacting surfaces
of said third implant include ridges facing opposite the direction
of insertion for inhibiting said third implant from expulsion once
inserted between said adjacent vertebral bodies.
81. The implant set of claim 80, wherein said side wall of each of
said first and second implants facing toward said third implant
includes ridges cooperatively oriented for interlocking with said
ridges of said third implant.
82. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said side walls of each of
said first and second implants have a distance therebetween adapted
to contact the adjacent vertebral bodies upon initial insertion of
said implant into the spine.
83. The implant set of claim 77, wherein each of said side walls of
said first and second implants are planar.
84. The implant set of claim 83, wherein said side walls of each of
said first and second implants are generally parallel to one
another.
85. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said upper and lower walls
of each of said first and second implants have a distance
therebetween adapted to support the vertebral endplates of the
adjacent vertebral bodies upon rotation of said implant from an
initial insertion position to a deployed position in the disc
space.
86. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said upper and lower walls
of each of said first and second implants have at least one opening
allowing for communication between said upper and lower walls, said
opening being capable of containing fusion promoting materials for
promoting bone ingrowth through said implant from the vertebral
endplate of one of the adjacent vertebral bodies to the vertebral
endplate of the other of said adjacent vertebral bodies for fusion
of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
87. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said upper and lower walls
of each of said first and second implants are disposed at least in
part in a diverging angular relationship to each other from said
insertion end to said trailing end of said body.
88. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said upper and lower walls
of each of said first and second implants are disposed at least in
part in a converging angular relationship to each other from said
insertion end to said trailing end of said body.
89. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said upper and lower walls
of each of said first and second implants have a generally
anatomical shape configured to substantially match the natural
contours of that portion of the endplates of the two adjacent
vertebral bodies to be fused to which said walls are applied.
90. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said first pair of
diagonally opposed junctions of each of said first and second
implants are arcuate.
91. The implant set of claim 90, wherein the distance between said
arcs of radii of each of said first and second implants generally
approximates the height of said body.
92. The implant set of claim 90, wherein the distance between said
arcs of radii of each of said first and second implants is slightly
less than the height of said body.
93. The implant set of claim 90, wherein the distance between said
arcs of radii of each of said first and second implants is slightly
greater than the height of said body.
94. The implant set of claim 77, wherein the height of said body of
said first and second implants is no greater than the width of said
body of said first and second implants, respectively, and said fins
extend from said upper and lower walls of each of said first and
second implants a height sufficient to make the overall height of
said first and second implants, when in the final deployed position
as measured across the fins, greater than the width of said
body.
95. The implant set of claim 77, wherein the height of said body of
said first and second implants is greater than the width of said
body of said first and second implants, respectively, and said fins
extend from said upper and lower walls of each of said first and
second implants a height sufficient to make the overall height of
said first and second implants, when in the final deployed position
as measured across the fins, greater than the width of said
body.
96. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said first pair of
diagonally opposed junctions of at least one of said first and
second implants are chamfered.
97. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said second pair of
diagonally opposed junctions of at least one of said first and
second implants are corners.
98. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said second pair of
diagonally opposed junctions of at least one of said first and
second implants are chamfered.
99. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said second pair of
diagonally opposed junctions of at least one of said first and
second implants are radiused.
100. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said fins of said first
and second implants have a sharp leading edge for penetrating the
vertebral endplates upon rotation of said implant.
101. The implant set of claim 77, wherein said fins of said first
and second implants are protrusions.
102. The implant set of claim 77, wherein each of said first and
second implants are configured to have a single direction of
rotation such that in rotating each of said implants 45 degrees
said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions of each of said
first and second implants has a diagonal substantially the same as
the width of said body of said first and second implants,
respectively, contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to
rotation.
103. The implant set of claim 77, wherein each of said first and
second implants are configured to have a single direction of
rotation such that in rotating each of said implants 45 degrees
said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions of each of said
first and second implants has a diagonal slightly less than the
width of said body of said first and second implants, respectively,
contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to rotation.
104. The implant set of claim 77, wherein each of said first and
second implants are configured to have a single direction of
rotation such that in rotating each of said implants 45 degrees
said first pair of diagonally opposed junctions of each of said
first and second implants has a diagonal slightly greater than the
width of said body of said first and second implant, respectively,
contacting the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to rotation.
105. The implant set of claim 1, wherein said body of at least one
of said first and second implants has a hollow portion.
106. The implant set of claim 105, wherein said hollow portion of
said at least one of said first and second implants is adapted to
contain fusion promoting material.
107. The implant set of claim 105, wherein said upper and lower
walls of at least one of said first and second implants have at
least one opening passing therethrough in communication with said
hollow portion.
108. The implant set of claim 77, wherein at least one of said
first and second implants is capable of retaining fusion promoting
material.
109. The implant set of claim 105, wherein at least one of said
leading end and said trailing end of said body of at least one of
said first and second implants has an opening in communication with
said hollow portion and adapted to cooperatively engage a cap.
110. The implant set of claim 109, further comprising a removable
cap for closing said opening in at least one of said leading end
and said trailing end of said body of at least one of said first
and second implants.
111. The implant set of claim 77, wherein at least one of said
first and second implants is made of a surgical grade implant
material that is metallic.
112. The implant set of claim 77, wherein at least a portion of
said body of at least one of said first and second implants is
porous.
113. The implant set of claim 77, wherein at least a portion of
said body of at least one of said first and second implants is
treated to promote bone ingrowth between said at least one implant
and one of said vertebra.
114. The implant set of claim 77, wherein at least one of said ends
of said first and second implants includes an engagement portion
for engaging an instrument for the insertion of said first and
second implant.
115. The implant set of claim 77, further in combination with a tap
having cutting portions adapted to cut a groove into the adjacent
vertebral bodies corresponding to the shape of said fins of at
least one of said first and second implants.
116. A method for deploying at least one interbody spinal fusion
implant across a disc space and into adjacent vertebral bodies of a
human spine, comprising the steps of: removing at least a portion
of the disc from between the adjacent vertebral bodies; providing a
first implant having an insertion end, a trailing end, opposed side
walls, upper and lower walls, and fins extending outwardly from
said upper and lower walls, said upper and lower walls having
openings which pass therethrough so as to allow bone to grow
through said first implant from one of the adjacent vertebral
bodies to another of the adjacent vertebral bodies, said first
implant having a cross-section with said side walls intersecting
said upper and lower walls at four junctions, said four junctions
including a first pair of diagonally opposed junctions having a
distance therebetween less than the height of said body; inserting
said first implant between the adjacent vertebral bodies with said
opposed side walls directed toward the adjacent vertebral bodies;
and rotating said first implant into a deployed position such that
said fins penetrate the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies
to access the interior, cancellous regions of the adjacent
vertebral bodies.
117. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing includes
the step of exposing the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies
by removing sufficient disc material including both annulus
fibrosus and nucleus pulposus from between the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
118. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing step includes
providing said four junctions of said first implant with a second
pair of diagonally opposed junctions having a distance therebetween
greater than the distance between said first pair of diagonally
opposed junctions.
119. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing step includes
providing said first implant configured for a single direction of
rotation.
120. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing step includes
providing said first implant containing a fusion promoting
substance.
121. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing step includes
providing said first implant with at least one of said leading end
and said trailing end of said body having an opening in
communication with a hollow portion and adapted to cooperatively
engage a cap.
122. The implant of claim 6, wherein the providing step includes
providing said first implant in combination with a removable cap
for closing said opening in at least one of said leading end and
said trailing end of said body.
123. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of loading
said first implant with osteogenic material.
124. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of loading said first
implant includes the step of compressively loading said first
implant.
125. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of loading
said first implant with osteogenic material prior to the step of
inserting.
126. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of loading said first
implant includes the step of compressively loading said first
implant.
127. The method of claim 1, wherein the inserting step includes the
step of contacting said opposed side walls of said first implant
with the adjacent vertebral bodies.
128. The method of claim 12, wherein the inserting step includes
the sub-step of inducing angulation of the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
129. The method of claim 13, wherein the inducing angulation step
includes the step of restoring lordosis to the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
130. The method of claim 13, wherein the inducing angulation step
includes the step of restoring kyphosis to the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
131. The method of claim 12, wherein the inserting step includes
the sub-step of locating said implant within the implantation space
between the adjacent vertebral bodies to a predetermined depth
greater than the length of said implant.
132. The method of claim 12, wherein the inserting step includes
the sub-step of linearly advancing said implant between the
adjacent vertebral bodies.
133. The method of claim 17, wherein the linearly advancing step
includes the sub-step of pushing said implant between the adjacent
vertebral bodies.
134. The method of claim 17, wherein the linearly advancing step
includes the sub-step of driving said implant between the adjacent
vertebral bodies with percussion.
135. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of
distracting the adjacent vertebral bodies sufficiently for
insertion of said implant prior to the inserting step.
136. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of
attaching a driver for advancement and rotation of said implant
between and into the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to the
inserting step.
137. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of
detaching the driver from said implant after the rotating step.
138. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating step includes the
step of rotating said first implant approximately 90 degrees.
139. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating step includes the
substep of initiating rotation such that said first pair of
diagonally opposed junctions having a distance therebetween less
than the height of said body rotates toward the nearest of the
adjacent vertebral bodies respectively.
140. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating step includes the
substep of rotating said first implant from its position after the
inserting step to a deployed position without substantial
additional distraction of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
141. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotating step includes the
substep of positioning said upper and lower walls and said fins
between the adjacent vertebral bodies to induce angulation of the
adjacent vertebral bodies.
142. The method of claim 26, wherein the positioning sub-step
includes the step of restoring lordosis to the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
143. The method of claim 26, wherein the positioning sub-step
includes the step of restoring kyphosis to the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
144. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
providing a second implant having an insertion end, a trailing end,
opposed side walls, upper and lower walls, and fins extending
outwardly from said upper and lower walls, said upper and lower
walls having openings which pass therethrough adapted to allow bone
to grow through said second implant from one of the adjacent
vertebral bodies to another of the adjacent vertebral bodies, said
second implant having a cross-section with said opposed side walls
intersecting said upper and lower walls at four junctions, said
four junctions including a first pair of diagonally opposed
junctions having a distance therebetween less than the height of
said body; inserting said second implant between the adjacent
vertebral bodies with said opposed side walls facing the adjacent
vertebral bodies, said second implant being on an opposite side of
the disc space of the adjacent vertebral bodies from said first
implant; and rotating said second implant into a deployed position
such that said fins penetrate the end plates of the adjacent
vertebral bodies to access the interior, cancellous regions of the
adjacent vertebral bodies.
145. The method of claim 29, wherein said step of rotating said
first implant includes the step of rotating in a first direction
and said step of rotating said second implant includes the step of
rotating in a second direction opposite said first direction.
146. The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of
providing a space between said first and second implants.
147. The method of claim 31, further comprising the steps of:
providing a third implant having an insertion end, a trailing end,
opposed side walls, and upper and lower walls, said upper and lower
walls having openings which pass therethrough adapted to allow bone
to grow through said third implant from one of the adjacent
vertebral bodies to another of the adjacent vertebral bodies; and
inserting said third implant during an anterior approach spinal
procedure between said first and second implants and between the
adjacent vertebral bodies with said opposed upper and lower walls
facing the adjacent vertebral bodies.
148. The method of claim 32, wherein the step of inserting said
third implant includes the sub-step of contacting said first and
second implants with said side walls of said third implant.
149. The method of claim 32, wherein the step of inserting said
third implant includes the sub-step of securing said third implant
to said first and second implants.
150. The method of claim 34, wherein said securing sub-step
includes the sub-step of providing said first, second, and third
implants with cooperating grooves located along said respective
side walls of said implants in contact with one another.
151. The method of claim 29, wherein the steps of inserting said
first and second implants occurs from a posterior aspect of the
spine.
152. The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of
retracting the dural sac on the posterior side the adjacent
vertebral bodies prior to the inserting steps.
153. The method of claim 29, wherein the steps of inserting said
first and second implants occurs from an anterior aspect of the
spine.
154. The method of claim 38, further comprising the step of
retracting the great blood vessels on the anterior side the
adjacent vertebral bodies prior to the inserting steps.
155. The method of claim 31, further comprising the step of
inserting a rotary broach between the adjacent vertebral bodies,
said broach having opposed sides for sliding against the adjacent
vertebral bodies and a cutting portion for broaching into each of
the adjacent vertebral bodies transverse to the long axis of said
broach.
156. The method of claim 39, further comprising the step of
rotating said broach so as to the drive cutting elements along the
length of cutting portion of the broach into each of the adjacent
vertebral bodies transverse to the long axis of the broach.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a regular application claiming priority
to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/106,216 filed Oct. 30,
1998, which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates generally to improved
interbody spinal fusion implants for the immobilization of adjacent
vertebral bodies and to a method for deployment thereof. In
particular, the invention relates to interbody spinal fusion
implants and methods for deployment thereof that significantly
preserve the structural support of the dense endplate and
subchondral bone regions of the adjacent vertebral bodies while
also penetrating those endplates so as to access the vascular
subchondral bone of those vertebral bodies for the purpose of
achieving interbody spinal fusion at least in part through the
implants themselves.
[0004] 2. Description of the Prior Art
[0005] Surgical interbody spinal fusion refers to the method of
achieving a bridge of bone tissue in continuity between adjacent
vertebral bodies and across the disc space to thereby substantially
eliminate relative motion between these adjacent vertebral bodies.
The term "disc space" refers to the space between adjacent
vertebral bodies normally occupied by a spinal disc. The spinal
disc that normally resides between the adjacent vertebral bodies
maintains the spacing between those vertebral bodies and, in a
healthy spine, allows for the normal relative motion between the
vertebral bodies.
[0006] Numerous implants to facilitate fusion have been described
by Cloward, Brantigan, Michelson, and others, and are known to
those skilled in the art. Such fusions have also been achieved with
the use of bone grafts placed between the vertebral bodies, such as
taught and practiced by Dr. Cloward. Generally, cylindrical
implants, which may be threaded, offer the advantage of conforming
to an easily prepared recipient bore spanning the disc space and
penetrating into each of the adjacent vertebral bodies. Such a bore
may be created by use of a drill. Drilling of the bore, however,
removes a portion of the endplates and of the subchondral bone.
[0007] Human vertebral bodies have a hard outer shell of compacted,
dense cancellous bone (sometimes referred to as the cortex) and a
relatively softer, inner mass of cancellous bone. Just below the
cortex adjacent the disc is a region of bone referred to herein as
the "subchondral zone". The outer shell of compact bone (the boney
endplate) adjacent to the spinal disc and the underlying
subchondral zone are together herein referred to as the boney "end
plate region" and, for the purposes of this application, is hereby
so defined to avoid ambiguity. The endplate region constitutes the
densest bone available to support the fusion implant over its
length, and removal of this endplate region by the practice of
creating a bore into the vertebral bodies results in the implant
coming to rest on the softer and less dense cancellous bone that
lies beneath the endplate deeper within the vertebral body.
[0008] Other spinal fusion implants are known that incorporate a
modified cylindrical or a tapered cylindrical shape that also
require the use of a drill to create a bore across the disc space
and also result in the removal of a portion of the endplate.
Inasmuch as the upper and lower vertebral bodies--contacting
surfaces of these types of implants are arc-shaped, absent arching
the recipient bed in the vertebral body by drilling, it would not
be possible to gain the contact between the vertebral bodies and
implant needed to achieve fusion. Such arching of the vertebral
bodies to receive the implant results in the removal of the
endplate.
[0009] Non-cylindrical implants that are pushed into the disc space
after a discectomy are also known in the art. While these push-in
implants do have the advantage of supporting the adjacent vertebral
bodies by contacting a substantial portion of the vertebral
endplates, they do not offer the advantages associated with
threaded cylindrical implants that are screwed into a bore in the
adjacent vertebral bodies to more securely hold these implants in
their final fully seated positions. Further, unless the endplate is
at least partially decorticated, i.e. worked upon to access the
vascularity deep to the outer most aspect of the endplate itself,
fusion will not occur.
[0010] Non-cylindrical spinal fusion implants that are inserted
between the endplates of adjacent vertebral bodies and then rotated
90 degrees into place are also known. However, their
cross-sectional configuration causes either unwanted
over-distraction of the vertebral bodies as they are rotated or
under-distraction between the adjacent vertebral bodies once
rotated. For example, an implant having an approximately square or
rectangular cross-section when rotated in either a clockwise or
counterclockwise direction will result in a maximum distraction of
the disc space when the diagonal of the implant is at a right angle
(90 degrees) to the adjacent vertebral endplates. This amount of
distraction is greater than that achieved by the implant when
either of its opposed sides are in contact with the adjacent
vertebral bodies. If the space between the adjacent vertebral
bodies is too small or the amount of attempted distraction too
great, rotation of the implant will either not be possible or the
vertebral bodies will be broken. If the space between the adjacent
vertebral bodies is sufficiently large to permit rotation of such
an implant, then when the implant is rotated to its final position
with its opposed sides in contact with the adjacent vertebral
bodies, insufficient distraction will be achieved between the
vertebral bodies as the opposed sides will have a lesser height
between them than the diagonal which rotated through that same
space. It should be noted that distraction within the elastic range
of deformation is highly desirable because it secures the implant,
allows the implant to stabilize the adjacent vertebral bodies
relative to each other, and provides the most space for the neural
elements both passing through and exiting through those vertebral
segments.
[0011] Therefore, there exists a need for a spinal fusion implant
that permits the endplate region of the adjacent vertebral bodies
to be substantially preserved while nevertheless accessing the
underlying bone vascularity and which implant can be rotated 90
degrees within the disc space to achieve the optimal distraction in
the range of elastic deformation and short of plastic deformation
and tissue failure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] The present invention is an interbody spinal fusion implant
allowing for the growth of bone from vertebral body to vertebral
body through the implant. The present implant is designed to be
pressed into a disc space in which the adjacent vertebral endplate
regions have been substantially preserved. That is not to say that
the endplates must be pristine. Rather, the implant as contemplated
in the preferred embodiment described herein is designed to be used
in a disc space where a structurally significant amount of the
endplate subchondral region remains. A preferred implant of the
present invention is deployed by rotating it 90 degrees about its
long axis such that a body portion of the implant contacts and
supports the adjacent vertebral endplate regions while projecting
members, for example fins or blade-like projections, are driven and
then extend into the deeper interior bone of those vertebral
bodies.
[0013] It is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved spinal fusion implant configured to permit vertebral body
to vertebral body fusion through the implant. The implant is
inserted between adjacent vertebral bodies and then rotated 90
degrees into place without over-distracting the vertebral bodies
apart while penetrating the vertebral endplates to access the
underlying bone vascularity and to lock the implant into position,
thereby stabilizing the adjacent vertebral bodies relative to the
implant and relative to each other. The phrase "without
over-distraction" is defined as distracting the vertebral bodies in
the range of elastic deformation and short of plastic deformation
and tissue failure. To avoid any ambiguity regarding the phrase
"without over-distraction," this phrase and the individual words
contained therein are not being used as they may be in their normal
or ordinary use, but are being used as defined in this application
only.
[0014] It is a further object of the present invention to provide
an improved interbody spinal fusion implant that may, but need not
necessarily, be inserted without the need to drill a bore across
the disc space and into the adjacent vertebral bodies, thereby
substantially preserving the endplate regions of the adjacent
vertebral bodies while still providing access to the subchondral
vascular bone vital to interbody fusion.
[0015] Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will
be evident from the description, or may be learned by practice of
the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be
realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations
particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
[0016] The following description is intended to be representative
only and not limiting and many variations can be anticipated
according to these teachings and are included within the scope of
this inventive teaching.
[0017] To achieve the foregoing objects, and in accordance with the
present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, there
is provided an improved interbody spinal fusion implant for
insertion across a disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies of
a human spine. In a first embodiment, the implant has a body having
an insertion end, side walls, upper and lower walls, and a
cross-section wherein the side walls intersect the upper and lower
walls at two diametrically opposed corners and two diametrically
opposed arcs. The implant also has one or more fin-like protrusions
extending outwardly from the upper and lower walls so that when the
implant is rotated approximately 90 degrees into its final position
between the vertebral bodies, the protruding fins penetrate the
endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies. The implant can be
configured so as to have only a single direction of rotation or to
be symmetrically rotatable. When the implant is configured so as to
be rotatable in either direction about its long axis, i.e. it is
symmetrical, then the junctions of the side walls to the upper and
lower walls will preferably each be arced. As used herein, the term
"side walls" refers to those portions of the implant that extend
between the adjacent vertebral bodies after the implant has been
rotated into its final position within the disc space. The "upper"
and "lower" walls refer to those portions of the implant that
contact the vertebral bodies cephalad and caudad, respectively,
after the implant is rotated into its final position within the
disc space and which surfaces bear the vertebral bodies penetrating
fin-like projections.
[0018] There are numerous claimed variations on the above-described
implant. By way of example only, the side walls and upper and lower
walls, respectively, may be generally parallel to one another. The
side walls may physically contact the adjacent vertebral bodies
upon initial insertion between the vertebral bodies before the
implant is rotated into its final position. The side and/or upper
and lower walls may be configured with openings to allow bone to
grow therethrough, and the implant may have a hollow portion that
can be loaded with a fusion-promoting material to promote fusion
between the adjacent vertebral bodies. The upper and lower walls
may be angled in various directions to one another to account for
lordosis in the spine, and/or may be contoured to match the natural
contours of the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
[0019] The implant can be made of any material appropriate for
human implantation within the spine and of sufficient strength to
work for the intended purpose. Such materials include, but are not
limited to, cortical bone, bone composite, plastics, carbon-fiber
or other composites, ceramics, surgical grade implant quality
metals such as titanium and titanium alloys, tantulum, and
chomemoly alloy. The implant may further comprise of bioresorbable
material and of materials that are bioactive or induce the
production of bone vital for fusion. Such materials may be within
the material of the implants, contained within the structure of the
implant, or be a coating or treatment to the implant. Such
materials include, but are not limited to, bone morphogenetic
proteins, genetic factors, (genetic material coding for the
production of bone) and converting factors to stimulate the
formation, recruitment, and/or activity of osteoblasts, or other
cells or cellular mechanism for bone production.
[0020] The diametrically opposed junctions are preferably arcuate,
and more preferably arcs that can be configured in different ways.
For example, the arcs may be arcs of radii and may further be each
of the same radius. Or, the arcs may each be chords of the same
circle, or quadrants of a circle. Likewise, the other of the
diametrically opposed junctions may be corners, such as can form
right angles. The other opposed junctions, alternatively, can be
relieved, chamfered, or radiused as when it is desired to have an
implant that can be rotated in either direction about its
longitudinal axis.
[0021] The fins also may have a number of different configurations.
Alternative fin configurations include protrusions having different
heights, equal height, or varying lengths along a portion of the
length of the implant as measured from either a central
longitudinal axis passing through the implant or the upper and
lower surfaces of the implant body from which the fins project. The
fins or protrusions may also be of varied or constant thickness, or
varied or constant spacing from fin to fin. The fin or protrusion
may have a sharp leading edge and/or outer surface to facilitate
cutting into the vertebral endplate region upon rotation of the
implant and in a preferred configuration go from a knife-like,
ramped, thin, and sharpened leading edge to a thickened and blunt
trailing end. To avoid any ambiguity regarding what is intended as
a body having upper and lower surfaces and fins projecting
therefrom as used herein, an implant even if so formed so as to
obscure the distinction between the upper and lower surfaces and
projecting fins would nevertheless be within the scope of the terms
and claims of the present application. It is understood that in
this case there is still an area between the fins that would come
to lie in support of each of the vertebral bodies at the surfaces
adjacent the disc space, and such an implant is within the scope of
the present invention.
[0022] The implant of the present invention need not be used alone.
Rather, the implant can be used with a complementary implant to
provide additional stability and fusion promotion. This
complementary implant is novel in and of itself and comprises an
alternative embodiment of the present invention. For example, a
second implant of the type previously described can be rotated into
place after the first implant, either in the same direction (i.e.
clockwise or counterclockwise) as the first implant or preferably
in an opposite direction from that of the first implant. The
direction of rotation of the implant depends upon the location of
the diametrically opposed junctions that are preferably arcs of
radii. Those implants of a preferred embodiment having a single
direction of rotation configuration, rotate in the direction that
causes the arcs of radii, rather than the corners, to engage the
endplates when the implant has been rotated approximately 45
degrees, so as to utilize the geometrical configuration of the arcs
of radii to avoid over-distraction.
[0023] Once two such implants have been inserted into a disc space
intermediate adjacent vertebral bodies, there may be room to insert
a third specialized implant between those two but insufficient room
to allow for the rotation of that third implant for its seating.
Therefore, a preferred novel, complementary third implant has in
its preferred embodiment ratchetings on its upper and lower
surfaces to engage the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies
and thereby gain stability within the disc space, and preferably
may also have ratchetings on its sides to mate with similarly
spaced ratchetings on the side walls of the first and second
implants so as to be locked into place by each of those implants,
which themselves are locked into the adjacent vertebral bodies. It
is anticipated that the implants can interdigitate in other ways
for similar purpose. The third implant may force the first and
second implants further apart thereby trapping itself in place and
enhancing the stability of the other two implants as well as the
adjacent vertebral bodies relative to the implants and to each
other. While ratchetings are preferred, other surfaces such as
knurling or other structures to mechanically interdigitate the
implant to the adjacent vertebral bodies and to the adjacent
implants are included within the scope of the present teaching.
[0024] The present invention also includes a method for deploying
at least one of the subject interbody spinal fusion implants across
a disc space and into adjacent vertebral bodies within a human
spine. The method comprises the steps of: removing at least a
portion of the disc from between the adjacent vertebral bodies from
vertebral endplate to adjacent vertebral endplate, and to a depth
at least as great and preferably greater than the length of the
implant, and to a width at least as great as the height of the
implant as measured from fin tip to opposed fin tip where maximum
for that implant; providing a first implant having an insertion
end, a trailing end, side walls and upper and lower walls bearing
protrusions, which protrusions are preferably, but not necessarily,
in the form of fins extending outwardly from the opposed upper and
lower walls. Preferably, the upper and lower walls have at least
one, or alternatively a plurality of, openings passing therethrough
so as to allow for the growth of bone in continuity from one of the
adjacent vertebral bodies to the other of the adjacent vertebral
bodies through the spinal fusion implant. The implant includes a
cross-section with the side walls intersecting with the upper and
lower walls at junctions, which preferably are two diametrically
opposed arcuate portions. The method also includes the steps of
inserting the implant by linearly advancing it between the adjacent
vertebral bodies with the side walls facing the endplates of the
adjacent vertebral bodies, and then rotating the implant 90 degrees
about its long axis so that the surface projections extending from
the upper and lower walls are driven into the bone of the adjacent
vertebral bodies into a deployed position such that the fins are
driven and penetrate the endplates of the adjacent vertebral
bodies. When the implant is deployed, the upper and lower walls
from which the fins extend will then be placed into contact and
support through the endplate regions the adjacent vertebral
bodies.
[0025] Another embodiment of the present invention includes the
steps of removing disc material as described; attaching the implant
to a hand-held driver instrument; retracting any bodily tissues
including, but not limited to, neurological structures, vascular
structures, and bodily organs to provide clear access to the space
created; attaching to the implant a hand-held insertion instrument
capable of engaging the implant to provide for both linear
advancement and rotation; inserting the implant by linearly
advancing the implant in the space created between the adjacent
vertebral bodies with the side of the implant adjacent the
vertebral endplates to a depth sufficient so the implant does not
protrude from the spine; rotating the implant by use of an
instrument and preferably the insertion instrument so that the
preferred junctions of opposed arcuate portions contact the
adjacent vertebral bodies; continuing to rotate the implant so that
the fin-like projections of the upper and lower walls are driven
through the adjacent surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies
until the implant rotates approximately 90 degrees; and disengaging
the insertion and/or rotation tool without derotation of the
implant.
[0026] The method preferably includes the steps of providing a
second implant having an insertion end, a trailing end, side walls
and upper and lower walls with outwardly extending fins, at least
the upper and lower walls having openings which pass therethrough
that are sufficiently sized and configured to allow for the growth
of bone in continuity therethrough from vertebral body to vertebral
body in a structurally meaningful way so as to significantly bear
load from vertebral body to vertebral body, the second implant
having a cross-section with the side walls intersecting the upper
and lower walls at junctions, which preferably are two
diametrically opposed arcuate portions; inserting the second
implant between the adjacent vertebral bodies with the side walls
directed toward the adjacent vertebral bodies; and then rotating
the second implant 90 degrees into a deployed position such that
the upper and lower walls then contact and support each of the
adjacent vertebral endplate regions while the fins, extending from
the upper and lower walls, are then penetrably driven through the
vertebral endplates.
[0027] As a substep of that method, the first implant may be
deployed by rotating it 90 degrees in a first direction while the
second implant may be deployed by rotating it in either the same
direction or preferably in the opposite direction.
[0028] The method may further comprise lateralizing (more lateral)
the first and second implant to provide a space between the first
and second implants. The method may still further comprise placing
within that space a third implant different in structure from the
first and second implants in that while it is designed to be
inserted by linear advancement, it is not designed to be rotated
into place. The specialized third implant may include protrusions
(ratchetings) on its outer walls so as to engage the implant to the
adjacent vertebral bodies and to engage the third implant to the
first and second implants. This specialized third implant
preferably has upper and lower walls for contacting each of the
adjacent vertebral bodies. The upper and lower walls have at least
one opening to allow for the growth of bone in a mechanically
meaningful way in continuity from a first adjacent vertebral bodies
through the implant to the second of adjacent vertebral bodies.
Further, a substep preferably for use when the implant is made of a
material such as cortical bone, carbon fiber or any material less
strong than titanium alloy, includes the use of a rotary broach or
tap to provide slits in the vertebral endplates through which the
fins are guided.
[0029] When the first and second implants rotate in opposite
directions away from each other, the fins cut a path through the
surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies longer than that occupied
by the implant itself when deployed. This facilitates the implants
being slid apart without tipping over, twisting, or moving forward
or back as the fins slide sideways relative to their long axis from
more central to more lateral. In a preferred method, the present
disc material including portions of the very strong annulus
fibrosus resist such implant lateralization and tend to urge the
first and second implants back centrally. Thus, the third implant
is wedging apart the other two implants and in this situation
obtains for itself and provides to the other implants and to the
adjacent vertebral bodies an extra measure of stability.
[0030] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general
descriptions and the following detailed description are exemplary
and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the scope of the
invention, which scope is defined solely by the appended
claims.
[0031] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several
embodiments of the invention and, together with the description,
serve to explain the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a spinal
fusion implant incorporating some of the features of the present
invention, which implant is oriented in an initial insertion
position and configured for clockwise rotation into its final,
deployed position between adjacent vertebral bodies.
[0033] FIGS. 2A-2E are side, lower, upper, trailing end, and
insertion end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 1 as
would be observed when the implant is in a final, deployed
orientation between vertebral bodies.
[0034] FIG. 2F is an insertion end view of the spinal implant of
FIGS. 2A-2E illustrating an opening in the trailing end and for
providing access to a hollow portion.
[0035] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of portion of a spinal segment
(two vertebra and an interposed disc space) with an embodiment of
an implant of the present invention oriented in an initial
insertion position.
[0036] FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the spinal segment of FIG.
3A with the implant of FIG. 3B oriented in a deployed position and
two of the fin-like projections of the implant show in dashed
lines.
[0037] FIG. 3C is a schematic representation of a geometric
configuration of a cross-section of the body of the implant of
FIGS. 1 and 2.
[0038] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of
a spinal fusion implant of the present invention oriented in an
initial insertion position and configured for clockwise rotation
within the disc space, the top and bottom walls thereof being
tapered relative to one another for inducing angulation of the
adjacent vertebral bodies.
[0039] FIGS. 5A-5E are side, lower, upper, trailing end, and
insertion end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 4 in a
deployed orientation.
[0040] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
spinal fusion implant of the present invention for posterior
insertion oriented in an initial insertion position and configured
for clockwise rotation within the disc space, the top and bottom
walls thereof being tapered relative to one another for inducing
angulation of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
[0041] FIGS. 7A-7E are side, lower, upper, insertion end, and
trailing end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 6 in a
deployed orientation.
[0042] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of
the spinal fusion implant of the present invention oriented in an
initial insertion position and having anatomically shaped upper and
lower walls configured to more generally conform to the natural
contours of the endplates of the two adjacent vertebral bodies to
be fused.
[0043] FIGS. 9A-9E are side, upper, lower, trailing end, and
insertion end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 8 in a
deployed orientation.
[0044] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
spinal fusion implant of the present invention oriented in an
initial insertion position and configured to be rotated in either
direction within the disc space to a final deployed position.
[0045] FIGS. 11A-11D are side, lower, trailing end, and insertion
end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 10 in a deployed
orientation.
[0046] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another spinal fusion
implant made in accordance with the present invention oriented in
an initial insertion position and configured for rotation in either
direction within the disc space to a final deployed position.
[0047] FIGS. 13A-13D are side, lower, trailing end, and insertion
end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 12 in a deployed
orientation.
[0048] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of yet another spinal fusion
implant of the present invention oriented in an initial insertion
position and made of a porous material.
[0049] FIGS. 15A-15D are side, upper, trailing end, and insertion
end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 14 in a deployed
orientation.
[0050] FIG. 16A is a top view of a clockwise rotation spinal fusion
implant and counterclockwise rotation spinal fusion implant spaced
apart from one another with a third, non-rotatable spinal implant
positioned to be inserted there between.
[0051] FIG. 16B is a top view of the implants of FIG. 16A with the
third implant deployed between the clockwise rotation and
counter-clockwise rotation implants within a disc space.
[0052] FIG. 16C is a trailing end view of the clockwise and
counter-clockwise rotation spinal fusion implants of FIGS. 16A and
16B deployed between adjacent vertebral bodies.
[0053] FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of
the third implant of FIGS. 16A and 16B in accordance with the
present invention lying on its side.
[0054] FIGS. 18A-18D are side, upper, trailing end, and insertion
end views, respectively, of the implant of FIG. 17 in a deployed
orientation.
[0055] FIG. 18E is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a
cooperating side surface of the implant of FIG. 18B.
[0056] FIGS. 19A and 19B are side and upper views, respectively, of
a spinal implant made in accordance with an embodiment of the
present invention having a cooperating surface for engaging the
cooperating surface of the third implant shown in FIGS. 17, 18A,
18B, and 18E.
[0057] FIG. 19C is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the
cooperating surface of the implant of FIG. 19B.
[0058] FIGS. 20A and 20B are trailing end and insertion end views,
respectively, of an alternative embodiment of a spinal fusion
implant of the present invention.
[0059] FIG. 21 is a trailing end view of yet another embodiment of
a spinal fusion implant of the present invention configured to
cooperatively receive an adjacent implant.
[0060] FIG. 22 is a top view of another embodiment of a spinal
fusion implant of the present invention configured to cooperatively
receive an adjacent implant.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0061] Reference will now be made in detail to the present
preferred embodiments of this invention, examples of which are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Similar reference numbers
such as 28, 28' will be used throughout the drawings to refer to
similar portions of the same implant.
[0062] With reference to FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A-2F, an interbody
spinal fusion implant in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention is indicated generally as 20. The implant has
a body 22 having an insertion end 24, a trailing end 26, opposed
side walls 28, 28' and opposed upper and lower walls 30, 30'. Body
22 has a cross section with side walls 28, 28' intersecting the
upper and lower walls 30, 30' at junctions that are preferably two
diametrically opposed corners 32, 32' and two diametrically opposed
arcs 34, 34'. Fin-like projections 36, 36' extend outwardly from
respective ones of upper and lower walls 30, 30' and are adapted to
penetrate the vertebral endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies
upon rotation of implant 20 while the upper and lower walls 30, 30'
support the vertebral endplates of those adjacent vertebral
bodies.
[0063] A brief discussion of a preferred method of use of an
embodiment of present invention implant will serve to highlight the
function of the structural features of implant 20.
[0064] With reference to FIG. 3A, and with the disc space optimally
distracted, implant 20 is advanced linearly until fully contained
within the disc space and oriented so that side walls 28, 28' are
opposed to the endplates of the vertebral bodies adjacent the disc
space. Arcs 34, 34' of implant 20 assure that as implant 20 is
rotated 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis, the diagonal of
this generally cuboid, trapezoid, or otherwise shaped implant body,
will not have a dimension substantially greater than the height of
body 22 of implant 20, that "height" being the distance between
upper and lower walls 30, 30' of implant 20. This feature, as best
shown in FIG. 3B, allows upper and lower walls 30, 30' to be placed
into contact with and to support the vertebral endplates of the
adjacent vertebral bodies without over-distracting the disc space
or damaging the vertebral bodies. To avoid any ambiguity regarding
the phrase "without over-distraction," this phrase and the
individual words contained therein are not being used as they may
be in their normal or ordinary use, but are being used as defined
in this application only.
[0065] As best shown in the schematic representation of a geometric
configuration of a cross-section of a preferred embodiment of body
22 of implant 20 in FIG. 3C, implant 20 has opposed side walls 28,
28', upper and lower walls 30, 30', a height "X", a width "Y", a
hypotenuse "H", and a reduced or modified hypotenuse "RH". Reduced
hypotenuse RH is much closer to height X of implant 20 than
unmodified hypotenuse H. While height X is depicted as being
greater than width Y, this schematic is shown by way of example and
not limitation, such that it is to be understood that height X
could also be equal to or slightly less than width Y along the
length of implant 20 or any portion thereof.
[0066] Reduced hypotenuse RH is significantly less than hypotenuse
H in this embodiment of the present invention to allow for the
rotation of implant 20 from the an insertion position to a deployed
position without over-distraction occurring during this process.
While reduced hypotenuse RH is illustrated as being arcuate in this
preferred embodiment, the configuration of body 22 of implant 20 to
form reduced hypotenuse RH can take many forms, including arcuate
portions, a radius, a chamfer, a series of angled surfaces, or any
other shape so long as a reduced hypotenuse RH of sufficient
dimension for the intended purpose of the present invention results
therefrom. Reduced hypotenuse RH has a diagonal that does not
significantly exceed the height and may be equal to or less than
height H of body 22 of implant 20. Reduced hypotenuse RH is
preferably substantially the same as the height H of body 22, and
in one preferred embodiment reduced hypotenuse RH has a length
within 10% of the height H of body 22. Reduced hypotenuse RH also
has a diagonal that is less than implant 20 total height "TH"
including fins 36, 36', and more preferably markedly less than the
total height TH of implant 20 including fins 36, 36'.
[0067] A hypotenuse (true hypotenuse) is a side of a right-angled
triangle opposite the right angle. When reference is made herein to
a hypotenuse or a reduced hypotenuse, reference is being made to
the diagonal dimension of a theoretical line between diagonally
opposed points of the implant overlying the true hypotenuse. Side
walls 28, 28' and upper and lower walls 30, 30' do not need to
intersect, but in fact may have a relief, radius, or chamfer by way
of example, to form a theoretical line overlying and shorter than a
true hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle formed with sides
corresponding to side wall 28' and lower wall 30', respectively. As
shown in FIG. 3C, hypotenuse H represents the dimension of a line
between points 32 and 32' on body 22 across a right angle that
would be formed if side wall 28' and lower wall 30' were to
continue in their respective planes to intersect at a right angle
as illustrated by X and Y in FIG. 3C. Reduced hypotenuse RH
represents the dimension of a line between points 34 and 34' on
body 22 across a right angle that would be formed by the
intersection of side wall 28 and lower wall 30' because of the
radiused junction at the corners of a theoretical right-angled
triangle. While reference has been made to a hypotenuse as being
the side across a right angle, if the side walls and upper and
lower walls were to intersect at an angle other than a right angle,
for purposes of this application, a long side of the triangle
formed by an angle other than 90 degrees is still referred to
herein as a hypotenuse.
[0068] An embodiment of the present invention where reduced
hypotenuse RH is slightly greater than height X offers the
advantage of an over-center effect that locks implant 20 into
place. In this instance, once implant 20 rotates past the diagonal
of reduced hypotenuse RH, more force would be required to rotate it
back from the final deployed position to its insertion position
than in an embodiment where reduced hypotenuse RH is equal to or
less than height H.
[0069] Fins 36, 36' are of greater height than the implant body
height as measured between upper and lower walls 30, 30'. Fins 36,
36' come to reside within the interior of the adjacent vertebral
bodies after being driven through the endplates by the act of
rotation. This penetration of fins 36, 36' into the interior,
cancellous region of the vertebra allows the implant to access the
vascular bone beneath the endplate and further provides for
significant stability of implant 20 as each fin 36, 36' acts as an
anchor within the body of the vertebra. It can be seen that the
surface area of the vertebral bodies in contact with implant 20 is
greatly enhanced by fins 36, 36' as compared to a flat surface.
[0070] Upper and lower walls 30, 30' of implant 20 are configured
to support the bone of the vertebral endplate region. When implant
20 is inserted into an already distracted disc space corresponding
in height to the height of the fusion implant body 22, fins 36, 36'
protruding from implant body 22 will be driven during rotation
through the endplates and into the vertebral bodies. This cutting
action of fins 36, 36' can further be enhanced by shaping the
leading edges of fins 36, 36' so they are pointed, sharpened, or
both. The leading edge of fins 36, 36' may additionally have a
ramped or sloped profile.
[0071] From the structure of implant 20 it can be appreciated that
upper and lower walls 30, 30' may be configured with a distance
between them corresponding to the optimally distracted height of
the disc space. The upper and lower walls 30, 30' may be formed
with surface configurations that conform to the vertebral endplates
of the adjacent vertebral bodies to provide optimum contact and
support between the endplates and the implant. Upper and lower
walls 36, 36' also have at least one, and alternatively a plurality
of, openings therethrough so as to allow for the growth of bone in
continuity from adjacent vertebral bodies to adjacent vertebral
bodies through the implant to permit the vertebral bodies to fuse
to one another. Implant side walls 28 and 28' can have none, one or
preferably a plurality of openings.
[0072] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A, side walls 28, 28'
preferably have a distance between them so that they contact the
adjacent vertebral bodies upon initial insertion of implant 20 into
the spine. Each of side walls 28, 28' lie generally in a plane and,
in a preferred embodiment, side walls 28, 28' are generally
parallel to one another.
[0073] Two diametrically opposed arcs 34, 34' are preferably, but
not necessarily, formed as arcs of radii. More preferably, each of
the opposed arcs 34, 34' are of the same radius as shown in FIG. 1
and FIG. 2E and more preferably are arcs of the same circle. The
two diametrically opposed arcs 34, 34' may also include quadrants
of the same circle. The distance between opposed arcs 34, 34'
preferably approximates the distance between the upper and lower
walls 30, 30' such that, when implant 20 is rotated from an initial
insertion position toward a final deployed position, no over
distraction of the space between the adjacent vertebral bodies
occurs and no damage to the vertebral bodies occurs.
[0074] Fins 36, 36' have a height H measured from the longitudinal
central axis L of implant 20. In a first embodiment, height H may
be substantially uniform along a portion or the entire length of
implant 20. Alternatively, fins 36, 36' may have height H' measured
from upper and lower walls 30, 30' that is substantially constant
along the length of implant 20. Other variations on the height and
configuration of the fins are readily appreciated by those of skill
in the art, i.e., spine surgeons, and are incorporated as part of
the present invention. Fins 36, 36' preferably have a sharp leading
edges 40, 40' for penetrating the vertebral endplates upon rotation
of implant 20. The leading edges 40, 40' may also be pointed,
and/or ramped. Fins 36, 36' may be sharpened along any portion of
their length so as to facilitate the penetration of fins 36, 36'
through the vertebral endplates and into the interior, cancellous
region of the vertebral bodies. Fins 36, 36' may be thickened at
their trailing end to more tightly lock implant 20 into place. Fins
36, 36' may be of different shapes and arrangements. By way of
example only and not limitation, fins 36, 36' may be in the shape
of fin-like projections evenly spaced along at least a portion of
the upper and lower walls 30, 30'. It is also contemplated within
the scope of the present invention that fins 36, 36' may be
portions or segments of a helix, or have uneven spacing along the
length of the implant. Fins 36, 36' may have any of a variety of
shapes suitable for their intended purpose as stated herein.
[0075] Implant 20 of FIG. 1 is configured to have a single
direction of rotation. It can be seen in this exemplary embodiment,
as best shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, that in an appropriately
distracted space, rotation of implant 20 in a counterclockwise
direction would be blocked due to the fact that the length of the
diagonal of implant 20 between the corners 32, 32' exceeds the
height of the disc space. In contradistinction, the implant may be
rotated in a clockwise direction because the diagonal between arcs
34, 34' is less than or equal to the length of the disc space.
[0076] Body 22 of implant 20 preferably includes a hollow portion
42. Hollow portion 42 is adapted to contain fusion promoting
material including, but not limited to, bone, in any of its varied
forms, hydroxyapatite, coral, bone morphogenetic proteins, and
agents with the ability to induce cells to become osteoblasts or to
make bone. The implant of the present invention can be made of any
material suitable for its purpose and appropriate for implantation
in the human spine. Such materials include, but are not limited to,
bone itself and particularly human cortical bone as it is
obtainable from a cadaver from such areas as the femur, so long as
the bone material possesses sufficient strength for the intended
purpose. The implants of the present invention can be made of a
novel material including an artificial composite of bone and a
bioresorbable (broken down and absorbed by the body over time)
plastic e.g., from the lactide family including lactones,
polylactones, galactone, and so forth, or any such plastic that can
be utilized to bind the bone fragments together so that the
resultant material is of sufficient strength and for a long enough
period of time to work for the intended purpose of being a material
for interbody fusion through the implant spinal fusion device. Much
like carbon fiber composite, in such a novel material the bone
would preferably, but not necessarily, be human bone fragmented
into preferably cortical strips having lengths significantly
greater than their width so as to take the form of fibrils. These
fibrils either randomly disposed, organized in layers or woven
together into sheets or pads or meshes would be combined with
resorbable plastic to form the material of the implant. The implant
could either be molded from the material, machined from the
material, or a combination of both.
[0077] As previously stated, implant 20 has at least one and,
alternatively, a plurality of openings through upper and lower
walls 30, 30' herein shown as openings 38, 38' passing through the
body and in communication with hollow portion 42. These openings
provide a passageway through implant 20 and through the upper and
lower walls 30, 30' of implant 20 to allow for the growth of bone
in continuity from one adjacent vertebral body through the implant
to the other adjacent vertebral body. Side walls 28, 28' may also
include openings 44, 44' passing therethrough in communication with
hollow portion 42. It shall be readily appreciated that openings
38, 38' in upper and lower walls 30, 30', as well as openings 44,
44' in side walls 28, 28', may have any shape, size, configuration,
or distribution suitable for the intended purpose of permitting a
fusion to take place through the implant. In the present
embodiment, at least some of openings 38, 38' and 44, 44' are
macroscopic in size, i.e., greater than 1.0 mm in dimension across.
However, as will be discussed in more detail in regard to the
embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15A-15D, an implant of the present
invention may also comprise extensive surface openings of less than
1.0 mm so as to approximate the structure of human cancellous bone
or an implant can combine these features. The implant of the
present invention may also include openings 38, 38' and 44, 44'
that are microscopic in size, that is, less than about 40
.quadrature.m. Microscopic is defined herein as being of a size
sufficiently small that magnification is required to appreciate the
fine detail of the structure and as used herein is less than 1 mm
in maximum dimension .
[0078] Implant 20 preferably includes a cap 46 with a thread that
threadably attaches to insertion end 24 of implant 20. Cap 46 is
removable to provide access to hollow portion 42, such that hollow
portion 42 can be filled (under compressive load if desired) with
any natural or artificial osteoconductive, osteoinductive,
osteogenic, or other fusion enhancing material. Some examples of
such materials are bone harvested from the patient, or obtained
elsewhere, or bone growth inducing material such as, but not
limited to, hydroxyapatite, hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate,
bone morphogenetic proteins, or genes coding for the production of
bone.
[0079] Cap 46 and/or implant 20 may be made of any material
appropriate for human. implantation including metals such as cobalt
chrome, stainless steel, titanium, plastics, ceramics, composites
and/or may be made of, and/or filled with, and/or coated with a
bone ingrowth inducing material such as, but not limited to,
hydroxyapatite or hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate or any other
osteoconductive, osteoinductive, osteogenic, or other fusion
enhancing material, including bone morphogenetic proteins or other
genetic material (genes coding for the production of bone) to
stimulate the formation of bone making cells and/or the formation
of bone by cells. Cap 46 and implant 20 may be partially or wholly
bioabsorbable. Cap 46 is not limited, however, to a threaded
coupling, which is offered only by way of example. Implant 20 and
cap 46 may each be adapted to cooperatively engage the other in any
manner suitable for the intended purpose and as known to those
skilled in the art. The implant does not require an end opening and
may in various embodiments, including a single opening being easily
loaded through the opening. Cap 46 may also be configured to
cooperatively engage a driver for engaging cap 46 to implant 20 or
for inserting and rotating implant 20 into the disc space and
adjacent vertebral bodies. Cap 46 may also be perforate so as to
retain fusion promoting substances within implant 20 while
providing for vascular access and growth therethrough.
[0080] In a preferred embodiment, for use in the lumbar spine when
oriented front to back or back to front, implant 20 has an overall
length in the range of approximately 20 mm to 34 mm with 26 mm to
28 mm being the preferred length. Body 22 of implant 20, as defined
by the distance between the upper and lower walls 30, 30', has a
height from about 6-20 mm when for use in the lumbar spine, which
height can vary over the length of the implant. Fins 36, 36' have a
preferred height when measured from body 22 in the range of from
1-5 mm. Side walls 28, 28' are preferably spaced apart from each
other a distance in the range of from 6-20 mm. Fins 36 extend from
upper and lower walls 30, 30' such that the distance measured from
the tip of fin 36 to the tip of fin 36' is greater than the
distance between upper and lower walls 30, 30'. An implant for use
in the cervical spine preferably has a length from 10-22 mm, a body
height from 5-12 mm, a fin height from 0.5-2.5 mm, and a body width
from 5-12 mm.
[0081] A preferred embodiment of the present invention includes
means for engaging an implant driver. Preferably, but not by way of
limitation, the engaging means is located at trailing end 26 of
implant 20 allowing for the full loading of implant 20 prior to
insertion. It is also preferable that the driver engaging means
allows implant 20 to be secured to the implant driver such that it
can be pulled or pushed as well as rotated without inadvertent
disengagement of the driver. One such engaging means is shown in
FIG. 2D wherein implant 20 has a recessed slot 48 formed at its
trailing end 26 for receiving insertion instrumentation. Recessed
slot 48 has a threaded opening 50 for threadably attaching implant
20 to instrumentation for use in inserting implant 20. Numerous
other types of engaging means will be readily contemplated by those
of skill in the art, and such alternative mechanisms are within the
scope of the present invention.
[0082] In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and with further reference to FIGS. 4 and 5A-5E
and with particular attention being drawn to FIG. 5A, the implant
120 includes upper and lower walls 130,130' disposed in a diverging
angular relationship to each other from insertion end 124 to
trailing end 126 of body 122. This angular relationship preserves
and/or restores lordosis in a segment of the lumbar or cervical
spinal column when inserted from the anterior (front) aspect of the
spine. Implant 120 of FIG. 4 has fins 136, 136' having a
substantially uniform height H measured from the central
longitudinal axis L of implant 120 such that the overall height of
fins 136, 136' has an overall dimension that is substantially
parallel to the longitudinal axis L. Fins 136, 136' as measured
from upper and lower walls 130, 130' have a height H' that varies
along the length of implant 120. Alternatively, fins 136,136' can
have a height H measured from the longitudinal central axis L of
implant 120 wherein the height H is variable along the length of
implant 120.
[0083] In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and with further reference to FIGS. 6 and 7A-7E,
implant 220 includes upper and lower walls 230, 230' disposed in a
converging angular relationship to each other from insertion end
224 to trailing end 226 of body 222. In this embodiment, when
implant 220 is inserted from the posterior aspect of the spine,
body 222 of implant 220 has a maximum height at a point nearest to
insertion end 224 and a minimum height at a point nearest trailing
end 226 so as to restore the natural lordosis of the spine at that
spinal segment. This is facilitated by the fact that implant 220 is
introduced in the disc space lying on its side, and the side to
side dimension of body 222 is preferably uniform.
[0084] In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present
invention, and with further reference to FIGS. 8 and 9A-9E, implant
320 includes upper and lower walls 330, 330' having a generally
anatomical shape configured to substantially match the natural
contours of the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies to be
fused. This anatomical shape is best observed in FIGS. 8 and 9A
wherein upper and lower walls 330, 330' are shown having a
curvature oriented from insertion end 324 to trailing end 326. The
generally anatomical shape may also include a contour of upper and
lower walls 330, 330' from side to side of implant 320.
[0085] In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present
invention, and with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11A-11D and FIGS. 12
and 13A-13D, implant 420 may comprise four diametrically opposed
junctions that are radiused so as to permit rotation of the implant
in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. The specialized
junctions of implant 420 need not be limited to portions of a
circle. Alternatively, the junctions can be tapered, or in some
other manner have a relief or cut out area to serve in a manner
similar to the radiused areas previously described so that the
reduced hypotenuse is substantially less than the other hypotenuse
between the other diagonally opposed junctions, which is an
unreduced, an unmodified, or a theoretical hypotenuse or at least a
hypotenuse reduced to a lesser extent than the reduced hypotenuse,
and thus the reduced hypotenuse is closer in height to the body of
the implant.
[0086] Implant 420 of FIGS. 12 and 13B shows use of three large
openings 438 passing through upper wall 430, into the implant, and
through openings 438' in lower wall 430'. These openings allow for
the growth of bone in continuity from adjacent vertebral body to
adjacent vertebral body through implant 420. It is understood that
upper and lower walls 430, 430' can have fewer than or more than
the number of openings 438, 438' herein shown. Such an alternative
embodiment readily lends itself to being loaded with osteogenic
material such as bone without resort to an end opening to the
implant which is not an essential feature of the implant.
[0087] In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and with further reference to FIGS. 14 and
15A-15D, implant 520 comprises a porous material with a plurality
of openings 538, 538' within a surface and generally being 1.0 mm
or less in diameter. Openings 538, 538' are the ends of channelings
passing entirely through implant 520 such that there are
passageways from upper wall 530 to lower wall 530' to allow the
growth of bone from vertebral bodies to vertebral bodies through
the implant. Because of its porous nature, implant 520 is able to
hold fusion promoting materials and further provides for an
increased surface area of contact and engagement when opposed to
the adjacent vertebral bodies By increasing both surface area and
contact, implant 520 further promotes the process of interbody
fusion. In this particular implant at least a significant portion
of the pores of the outer surface 552 are in the range of 50-500
microns with a significant portion of those in the range of 250-500
microns in diameter. Because of its porous nature, implant 520 also
lends itself well to being coated with bioactive fusion promoting
substances such as bone morphogenetic proteins or genetic material
to induce bone formation in the recipient. Such materials include
sequences of nucleic acids comprised of cytosine guanine adenine
thymine (CGAT). While implant 520 in FIGS. 14 and 15A-15D are shown
as being solid, it should be appreciated that implant 520 can be
made to be substantially hollow or hollow in part.
[0088] FIGS. 16A and 16B show an alternative embodiment of the
present invention that has previously been referred to as third
implant 820 or the middle implant. This third implant is for use
between first implant 620 and second implant 720 in accordance with
the embodiments described above. Within the preferred embodiment of
the implant set, first implant 620 is configured to rotate, by
preference only, in a first direction while second implant 720 is
configured, again as a matter of preference only to rotate in a
second direction opposite the first direction. Each of first and
second implants 620, 720 rotate from a more central to a more
lateral position. Thus, as best shown in FIG. 16C, in this
embodiment, first implant 620 rotates clockwise while second
implant 720 rotates counterclockwise. Third implant 820 is
configured for placement between first and second implants 620, 720
and has contacting surfaces 860, 860' for contacting the adjacent
side walls 628, 728' of first and second implants 620, 720,
respectively.
[0089] As best seen in FIGS. 17 and 18A-18D, third or middle
implant 820 has openings 838, 838' for permitting bone growth from
vertebral body to vertebral body and preferably openings 844, 844'
in the side walls 828, 828' of the implant 820 to allow for the
growth of vascularity and bone through implant 820 and adjacent
implants 620 and 720. Implant 820 is not configured to facilitate
rotation since it is inserted into the spine already correctly
oriented with upper and lower walls 830, 830' to contact the
adjacent vertebral bodies. Upper wall 830 and lower wall 830'
preferably include ridges 864 or other surface projections for
engaging the adjacent vertebral bodies. Side walls 828, 828' of
implant 820 include surface projections for engaging complementary
surface projections on the side walls 628, 728' of implants 620 and
720, respectively. The present embodiment preferably includes
ridges 860 formed of forward facing ratchetings that permit implant
820 to be easily slid between implants 620 and 720 but resists its
dislodgement in a direction counter to its insertion. It can be
seen in FIGS. 16B and 18E how the forward facing side wall
ratcheting of implant 820 cooperate with the reversed side wall
ratchetings of implants 620 and 720 to bind the three implants
together side by side.
[0090] In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and with further reference to FIGS. 20A and 20B,
implant 920 is configured to rotate less than 90 degrees from an
initial insertion position to a final, deployed position. This
embodiment of the present invention preferably has a rotation of
approximately 70 degrees. An implant configured for less than 90
degrees of rotation can have larger contact areas for upper and
lower walls 930 and 930' than a comparable height 90 degree
rotation implant.
[0091] In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the
present invention, and with further reference to FIG. 21, implant
1020 has at least one side wall 1028 that is configured to mate
with another implant 1120. In particular, FIG. 21 illustrates a
trailing end view of an embodiment of the present invention having
a concave side wall 1028 to cooperatively mate with either of a
cylindrical, partial cylindrical, tapered, threaded or push-in
interbody implant 1120. Sidewall 1028 may be concave or be
incomplete providing an opening to accommodate implant 1120 or
otherwise relieved to allow for implants 1020 and 1120 together to
have a width less than the sum of their maximum widths apart.
Alternatively, yet another embodiment of the present invention is
shown in FIG. 22, and includes an implant 1220 having grooves 1280
in at least one side wall 1228 for cooperatively receiving threads
from an adjacent threaded interbody implant 1320. While implant
1320 is of a tapered design it could be more or less cylindrical
and its surface projections could be other than a thread. Also,
implant 1220 may have an incomplete sidewall 1228 with openings
therein to accommodate the projections or thread of implant
1320.
[0092] Having described certain preferred embodiments of the
implant of the present invention, the method for deploying this
implant will now be described in more detail. The method comprises
the steps of: removing at least a portion of the disc from between
the adjacent vertebral bodies so as to at least in part expose the
vertebral endplates of those adjacent vertebral bodies; providing a
first implant having an insertion end, a trailing end, side walls,
upper and lower walls, and protrusions, which protrusions are
preferably but not necessarily in the form of fins extending
outwardly from the opposed upper and lower walls. Preferably, the
upper and lower walls have at least one, or alternatively a
plurality of openings passing therethrough so as to allow for the
growth of bone in continuity from one of the adjacent vertebral
bodies to the other of the adjacent vertebral bodies through the
spinal fusion implant. The implant includes a cross-section with
the side walls intersecting the upper and lower walls at opposed
junctions, two of which are preferably diametrically opposed
arcuate portions. The method also includes the steps of inserting
the first implant by linearly advancing it between the adjacent
vertebral bodies with the side walls facing the endplates of the
adjacent vertebral bodies, and then rotating the first implant 90
degrees into a deployed position such that the fins penetrate the
endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies. When the implant is
deployed, the upper and lower walls from which the fins extend will
then be placed into contact and support through the endplate
regions of the adjacent vertebral bodies the vertebral endplates
themselves.
[0093] The inserting step may include positioning the adjacent
vertebral bodies in relative angular position to each other by the
step of rotating the implant 90 degrees about its longitudinal
axis. The method may further comprise of the step of loading the
first implant with osteogenic material prior to insertion of the
implant. The method may further comprise compressibly loading
fusion promoting materials within the interior of the implant prior
to its insertion. The rotating step may further include the
sub-step of initiating rotation in a direction so that the two
diametrically opposed arcs of radii rotate toward the nearest of
the adjacent vertebral bodies respectively. Additionally, the
rotating step may include the sub-step of rotating the first
implant from its position after the insertion step to a deployed
position without substantial additional distraction of the adjacent
vertebral bodies.
[0094] The method may further comprise of the step of attaching a
driver to the first implant, the preferred driver being capable of
both pushing and pulling the implant while rotating the implant
both clockwise and counterclockwise. The method may further
comprise using the driver to insert the implant through a guard
either with or without disc penetrating extensions or in
combination with a distractor as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,484,437 and 5,797,909, which are hereby incorporated by
reference.
[0095] The method may further comprise the steps of providing a
second implant having an insertion end, a trailing end, side walls,
upper and lower walls, and fins extending outwardly from the upper
and lower walls. The upper and lower walls preferably have openings
which pass therethrough that are configured to allow for the growth
of bone therethrough and from vertebral body to vertebral body
through the implant. The second implant has a cross-section with
the side walls intersecting the upper and lower walls at junctions,
two of which are preferably diametrically opposed arcuate portions.
The second implant is inserted between the adjacent vertebral
bodies with the side walls directed toward the adjacent vertebral
bodies and then rotated 90 degrees into a deployed position such
that the upper and lower walls then contact and support each of the
adjacent vertebral endplate regions while the fins extending from
the upper and lower walls are then penetrably driven through the
vertebral endplates. The implant is rotated to drive the fins into
the substance of the vertebral bodies.
[0096] As a substep of that method, the first implant may be
deployed by rotating it 90 degrees in a first direction while the
second implant may be deployed by rotating it in either the same
direction or in the opposite direction.
[0097] The method may further comprise of lateralizing (moving
lateral) the first and second implant to provide a space between
the first and second implants. The method may still further
comprise placing within that space a third specialized implant
different in structure from the first and second implants in that
while it is designed to be inserted by linear advancement, it is
not designed to be rotated into place. Further, the specialized
third implant preferably includes protrusions or ratchetings on its
outer walls so as to engage the implant to the adjacent vertebral
bodies and to the first and second implants. This specialized third
implant preferably has upper and lower walls for contacting each of
the adjacent vertebral bodies. The upper and lower walls preferably
have at least one opening to allow for the growth of bone in
continuity from a first adjacent vertebral body through the implant
to the second adjacent vertebral body. A third implant preferably
is inserted between the first and second implant and between the
adjacent vertebral bodies with opposed upper and lower walls
directed towards the adjacent vertebral bodies. The step of
inserting the third implant may include a substep of contacting the
first and seconds implants with the side walls of the third implant
and a substep of securing the third implant to the first and second
implants. The securing substep preferably includes a substep of
providing the first, second, and third implants with cooperating
engaging surfaces along the side walls of each implant at least
where the implants are in contact with one another.
[0098] When the implants are rotated approximately 90 degrees,
while they do not cause an over distraction of the inner space,
they nevertheless create a path through the adjacent vertebral
endplates of the fins that may be approximately one and a half
times the width of the implant itself. When a first, second, and
third implants are inserted into the disc space, the first and
second implants migrate as described above, approximately 50
percent of their width laterally to create room for the third
implant with a width the same as the first and second implants. The
third implant uses the 50 percent extra area cut by of each of the
first and second implants. The track that is cut in each of the
adjacent vertebral bodies by the fins of the first and second
implants acts as a pathway of less resistance to allow these
implants to slide laterally. A third implant with a width greater
than or lesser than that of said first and second implants may also
be utilized without departing from the scope of the present
invention.
[0099] The method for inserting these implants may also include use
of a cutting tool patterned like the implant but made of a material
either stronger than or sharper than the implant. For example, if
the implant were made of a carbon fiber or resorbable plastic, or
bone, it may be desirable to utilize a cutting tool such as a
rotary broach to cut the path that the fins of the implant would
than occupy but not use the fins of the implant to do the actual
cutting work.
[0100] The method may further include the step of scrapping or
otherwise working upon the endplates until at least partially
decorticated, i.e. worked upon to access the vascularity deep to
the outer most aspect of the endplates itself prior to the step of
inserting the implant. The step of removing may include the step of
exposing the endplates of the adjacent vertebral bodies by removing
sufficient disc material including both annulus fibrosus and
nucleus pulposus from between the adjacent vertebral bodies. The
providing step may include providing the first implant with at
least one of the leading end and the trailing end of the body with
an opening in communication with a hollow portion and adapted to
cooperatively engage a cap. The providing step may also include
providing the first implant in combination with a removable cap for
closing the opening in at least one of the leading end and the
trailing end of the body. The method may further include the step
of loading or compressively loading the implant with osteogenic
material.
[0101] The inserting step includes the sub-step of linearly
advancing the implant between the adjacent vertebral bodies. The
linearly advancing step includes the substeps of pushing the
implant between the adjacent vertebral bodies or driving the
implant between the adjacent vertebral bodies with percussion. The
method may further include the step of distracting the adjacent
vertebral bodies sufficiently for insertion of the implant prior to
the inserting step. The method may further include the step of
retracting the dural sac on the posterior side the adjacent
vertebral bodies prior to the inserting steps. The step of
inserting the implant may occur from an anterior aspect of the
spine in which case the great blood vessels on the anterior side
the adjacent vertebral bodies are retracted prior to the inserting
step. The method may further include the step of inserting a rotary
broach between the adjacent vertebral bodies, the broach having
opposed sides for sliding against the adjacent vertebral bodies and
a cutting portion for broaching into each of the adjacent vertebral
bodies transverse to the long axis of said broach. The step of
rotating includes rotating the broach so as to the drive cutting
elements along the length of cutting portion of the broach into
each of the adjacent vertebral bodies transverse to the long axis
of the broach.
[0102] Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those
skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and
practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the
specification and examples may be considered as exemplary only, and
the true scope and spirit of the invention be indicated by the
following claims.
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